A method and system for decoding and storing encoded control data delivered via the horizontal overscan area of a video signal. An interactive device such as a toy performs behavior defined by control data that can be encoded into a video signal. The toy is equipped with a decoder for extracting data from the horizontal overscan portion of the video signal, and a non-volatile memory that permits the control data to be stored for use after the video signal is no longer being received. The control data are delivered as a series of words that include genus codes and sequence codes. Genus codes identify the specific toy to which the word is directed, as more than one toy may receive the video signal. Error grading is used to minimize the effect of such signal deterioration, so the toy will replace previously received words if newer words are of higher quality.

Interactive devices have become very popular with consumers. One example of an interactive device is an interactive toy, which is a toy that responds to input from an external data source, such as a user or a video signal. Interactive toys are commonly implemented in the form of a child's doll, such as a teddy bear. An interactive toy will usually be capable of speech and/or motion, collectively referred to as interactive toy behavior. One example of an interactive toy responds to sound impulses, such as the speech of a user or other noises in a room. Another kind of interactive toy responds to data that is delivered by a data stream, such as data delivered via a video signal or over an Internet connection.
Transmitting behavior data via a video signal provides the advantage of enabling the coordination of a video program with a particular interactive device. For example, behavior data can be transmitted to a teddy bear interactive toy during a television program about the same teddy bear. Thus, the behavior of the teddy bear interactive toy can be coordinated with events occurring in the televised program. For example, the teddy bear interactive toy might sing and dance in concert with characters in the televised program.
Providing interactive data to an interactive toy via a video signal has been implemented in various ways. In an early implementation of such an interactive toy, behavior data was transmitted to the interactive toy in a portion of a video signal that was not viewable by the user watching the program. The interactive toy received the data by monitoring the video signal and extracting the behavior data from the non-viewable portion. Unfortunately, in this implementation the behavior data was transmitted in a portion of the signal that was not reproduced when the video transmission was stored on video tape. Thus, the behavior data could only be transmitted via a television broadcast and could not be transmitted via a video taped program. This deficiency limited the market for such interactive toys, as it is desirable to provide behavior data on video tapes that can be sold in conjunction with the interactive toy.
Another approach to transmitting behavior data via a video signal varied the brightness of portions of a video image. This approach provided the benefit of being reproducible on video tape, as the behavior data was transmitted as part of the viewable video signal. The brightness variations were associated with predetermined behavior data. When the interactive toy was placed directly in front of the television screen displaying the video image, a decoder on the interactive toy would translate the brightness variations into behavior data. While this approach permitted the behavior data to be stored on video tape, the approach had other shortcomings. Most notably, the image which refreshes only 60 times per second, makes this approach unsuitable for most applications requiring significant data throughput rates.
One of the more recent implementations of behavior data transmission technology uses the horizontal overscan portion of a video signal to transmit data to an interactive toy. Advantageously, the horizontal overscan portion of the video signal is reproducible on video tape. The achievable data transmission rate is limited by the much faster horizontal refresh rate of the video. The video signal can be decoded either by a separate decoder unit or by the toy itself to extract the behavior data. Once the data has been decoded, the data can be used to cause the toy to perform various speech or actions. Usually, this technology is implemented by transmitting the interactive toy content data during a television show or throughout a program recorded on a video tape.
Unfortunately, interactive toys existing in the prior art were unable to retain the ability to perform the actions defined by the extracted data. That is, once the data transmission was ceased (i.e., the television show or video taped program ended), then the toy lost its ability to perform the actions defined by the interactive toy content data. This problem exists for two reasons: 1) prior art interactive toys do not include a programmable non-volatile memory; and 2) prior art video data encoding systems did not provide enough bandwidth to transfer enough data to support such behavior retention.
Therefore, there is a need for a system capable of delivering interactive toy content data to an interactive toy at a high data throughput rate and for enabling the toy to retain the behavior defined in the interactive toy content data. The system should be able to be deployed over any means of delivering a video signal, such as via television antenna, cable television, or video tape. The system should be robust, such that the effects of data transmission errors can be minimized.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Method and system for downloading and storing interactive device content using the horizontal overscan portion of a video signal


An exhaust gas processing apparatus that processes exhaust gas, including a reaction tower that includes an internal space extending in a height direction; a trunk tube that extends in the height direction in the internal space of the reaction tower and transports a liquid; and a plurality of branch tubes that are provided extending from an outer side surface of the trunk tube toward an inner side surface of the reaction tower, each include an ejecting section that ejects the liquid supplied from the trunk tube, and are provided at positions at different heights. Ejection regions of the liquid where the liquid is ejected from the respective ejecting sections of branch tubes that are adjacent in the height direction include a region in which the ejection regions partially overlap in an overhead view as seen from the height direction.

1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to an exhaust gas processing apparatus.
2. Related Art
A conventional exhaust gas processing apparatus is known that removes harmful substances in exhaust gas by passing the exhaust gas from a bottom portion to a top portion of an absorption tower into which sea water or the like is sprayed, as shown in Patent Document 1, for example. Inside the absorption tower, the exhaust gas is moved to the top portion while being circulated in a spiral, thereby increasing the time during which the exhaust gas is in contact with the sea water or the like.
Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2014-117685
Inside the absorption tower, the exhaust gas is preferably prevented from progressing straight up in the height direction, so that it is possible to increase the time during which the exhaust gas is in contact with the sea water or the like.


An internal combustion engine reformer installation comprises an internal combustion engine, a mixing device having a first feed conduit for a first substance flow and a second feed conduit for a second substance flow, wherein a mixture can be produced from the first and second substance flows in the mixing device, a reformer for reforming the mixture to afford a synthesis gas, a mixture conduit connected to the mixing device and the reformer, and a synthesis gas feed conduit connected to the reformer and the internal combustion engine. A first heat exchanger in heat-coupling relationship with the first feed conduit and a second heat exchanger in heat-coupling relationship with the second feed conduit are arranged in the synthesis gas feed conduit.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention concerns an internal combustion engine reformer installation having the features of a classifying portion.
2. Description of Related Art
Internal combustion engine reformer installations of the general kind set forth are to be found for example in U.S. Pat. No. 6,508,209 B1, JP 2001 152846 A or WO 2008/150370 A1. The inventions disclosed therein use the principle described hereinafter.
In a reformer a synthesis gas is produced from fuel, air and possibly steam and/or a portion of the exhaust gas flow of an internal combustion engine. The synthesis gas is then fed together with air and possibly further fuel to the internal combustion engine. That affords two advantages. On the one hand gases/emissions which are unwanted in the engine exhaust gas such as for example nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and unburnt hydrocarbons are reduced. On the other hand the synthesis gas is hydrogen-bearing, which improves the combustion characteristics and efficiency.
As on the one hand the substance flow directed into the reformer has to be preheated and on the other hand the synthesis gas has to be cooled before passing into the internal combustion engine a heat exchanger between those two substance flows is advantageous.
What is problematical in that respect is that the preheating temperature for the flow into the reformer cannot be selected to be just as high as may be desired as that mixture is in fact burnable and consequently high surface temperatures represent a safety risk. In addition, at excessively high temperatures, there is the risk of coking of the fuel, that is to say unwanted thermal decomposition of the hydrocarbons contained therein.


A system adapted for clearance control for a gas turbine including an outer turbine casing, an inner turbine casing and a plenum defined between the inner and outer turbine casings is disclosed. The clearance control system may include an impingement box disposed within the plenum. The impingement box may define a plurality of impingement holes. In addition, the clearance control system may include a first conduit in flow communication with the interior of the impingement box and a second conduit in flow communication with the plenum at a location exterior to the impingement box.

Gas turbines typically include a compressor section, a combustion section, and a turbine section. The compressor section pressurizes air flowing into the turbine. The pressurized air discharged from the compressor section flows into the combustion section, which is generally characterized by a plurality of combustors disposed in an annular array about the axis of the engine. Air entering each combustor is mixed with fuel and combusted. Hot gases of combustion flow from the combustion liner through a transition piece to the turbine section to drive the turbine and generate power. The turbine section typically includes a turbine rotor having a plurality of rotor disks and a plurality of turbine buckets extending radially outwardly from and being coupled to each rotor disk for rotation therewith. The turbine buckets are generally designed to capture and convert the kinetic energy of the hot gases of combustion flowing through the turbine section into usable rotational energy. In addition, the turbine section may also include an inner turbine casing and an outer turbine casing surrounding the inner turbine casing. As is generally understood, the inner turbine casing may be configured to encase the turbine rotor in order to contain the hot gases of combination. In doing so, a circumferential tip clearance is typically defined between the rotating buckets of the turbine rotor and an inner surface of the inner turbine casing.
During turbine operation, heat generated within the turbine results in thermal expansion of the turbine rotor and the inner turbine casing, which often causes variations in the tip clearances. For example, it may be the case that, while the turbine rotor expands consistently around its circumference, thermal expansion of the inner turbine casing may vary at different locations around its circumference (i.e., causing out-of-roundness of the casing). As a result, inadvertent rubbing may occur between the tips of the rotating buckets and the inner turbine casing, which can lead to premature failure of the buckets. Additionally, when excessive thermal expansion of inner turbine casing occurs, the tip clearances between the buckets and the inner turbine casing may become too large, thereby decreasing the overall efficiency of the gas turbine.
To facilitate optimizing turbine performance and efficiency and to minimize inadvertent rubbing between the bucket tips and the inner turbine casing, many gas turbines include active clearance control systems designed to supply a cooling fluid to the inner turbine casing, thereby promoting thermal contraction of the inner turbine casing to avoid tip rubbing. However, such clearance control systems typically require substantial pressure drops (regardless of whether the active control system is turned on or off) to facilitate cooling of the inner turbine casing. Thus, conventional clearance control systems are not as effective when the pressure drop through the system is required to be relatively low (e.g., when a gas turbine is operating at extreme temperatures and loads). Moreover, conventional clearance control systems typically require multiple air sources and are incapable of achieving deterministic heat transfer boundary conditions when the active control system is both on and off.
Accordingly, a clearance control system for gas turbines that addresses one or more of the problems identified above for conventional clearance control systems would be welcomed in the technology.

Clearance control system for a gas turbine


A new cultivar of Allamanda plant named ‘Siam Snow’ that is characterized by flowering during low light conditions and creamy white flowers.

The present invention relates to a new and distinct cultivar of Allamanda plant botanically known as Allamanda carthartica and hereinafter referred to by the cultivar name 'Siam Snow'.
The cultivar 'Siam Snow' was discovered and selected in 2002 as a single plant in Upper Stone via Ingram, Queensland, Australia. 'Siam Snow' was discovered growing in an outdoor bed of unnamed Allamanda cultivars. The exact parents are unknown.
Asexual reproduction of the new cultivar 'Siam Snow' first occurred by terminal cuttings in 2003 in De Lier, The Netherlands. Since that time, under careful observation, the unique characteristics of the new cultivar have been uniform, stable and reproduced true to type in successive generations of asexual reproduction.


A solid-state imaging device which can generate finite difference data of images at different times. There are provided with photoelectrical converting sections each of which includes photodiodes disposed in a matrix array and receives incident light to generate signal charges. A signal charge difference generating section generates a signal charge difference at different times from the signal charges generated in the photoelectrical converting section. A signal charge difference transfer section transfers the signal charge difference generated as an output of the device.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a solid-state imaging device and an image processing semiconductor device in which the solid-state imaging device is used.
2. Description of the Related Art
A conventional image processing apparatus has a structure as shown in FIG. 1. In FIG. 1, a solid-state imaging device 70 includes light receiving members 77 for photoelectrically converting incident light to generating signal charges according to the intensity of the light. Charge-coupled device 78 transfer the signal charges thus generated to an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter 71. The members 77 are disposed in a matrix array. A first memory 73, a second memory 74 and a third memory 75 respectively store digital image signals which are converted by the A/D converter 71. A central processing unit (CPU) 76 controls the solid-state imaging device 70, the A/D converter 71, the first, second and third memories 73, 74 and 75 through a data bus 72 according to a program stored in a memory (not shown). The solid-state imaging device 70, the A/D converter 71, the first, second and third memories 73, 74 and 75 and the CPU 76 are formed separately and assembled to form the image processing apparatus.
The conventional image processing apparatus operates as follows:
Light incident to the light receiving members 77 at a time t.sub.n (t=t.sub.n) is photoelectrically converted to generate signal charges. The signal charges thus generated are transferred to the charge-coupled devices 78 and then transferred to the A/D converter 71 by the devices 78, in which the analog signal charges are converted to digital signals, in order to obtain the digital image data D.sub.n. The image data Dn thus obtained are stored in the first memory 73 via the data bus 72 and under the control of the CPU 76.
Similar to the above, light incident to the light receiving members 77 at a time t.sub.n+1 (t=t.sub.n+1), which is a predetermined period late from the time t.sub.n, is photoelectrically converted to generate digital image data D.sub.n+1. The digital image data D.sub.n+1 are stored in the second memory 74 through the data bus 72.
Next, a finite difference operation is performed using the digital signal data D.sub.n and D.sub.n+1 stored in the first and second memories 73 and 74 respectively and as a result, image data (D.sub.n+1 -D.sub.n) thus obtained are stored in the third memory 75. Thus, data about a finite difference between two different times or a differential at a time can be obtained.
With the conventional image processing apparatus, the analog image signals obtained in the solid-state imaging device 70 are converted to digital signals and then, stored in the first and second memories 73 and 74, so that very large capacity memories are required when the resolution of the device 70 is high. For example, in case that the picture cells of the device 70 are 640.times.400 and the resolution of the A/D converter 71 is 8-bit, very large-capacity memories as many as 6144-kilobit are required.
In addition, very large burdens are acted on the A/D converter 71, the CPU 76 and the data bus 72 during operation. For example, in case that the finite difference data or differential data are operated at a frequency of 30 times in one second, 256,000 times analog-to-digital conversions and finite difference operations in one second are required, respectively. In one second, 1,280,000 or more data transfers are also required.
Therefore, the conventional image processing apparatus is difficult to be downsized and high in fabrication cost. As a result, the application field of the apparatus is very narrow.

Solid-state imaging device which generates difference data at different points of time


A process and system of extracting useful work or electricity from a thermal source, wherein heat energy from the thermal source is used in the form of a heated collection fluid; a first side of a heat exchanger is filled with a liquid or supercritical working fluid; fluid flow out of the first side of the heat exchanger is closed such that a fixed volume of the working fluid is maintained in the first side; the heated collection fluid flowed through a second side of the heat exchanger that is adjacent to the first side to affect a transfer of heat from the heated collection fluid to the fixed volume of the working fluid to raise its temperature and pressure; the pressurized working fluid is released from the first side of the heat exchanger upon the working fluid reaching a threshold state; a flow of the pressurized working fluid is directed to an expander capable of converting the kinetic energy of the pressurized working fluid into useful work or electricity; and the foregoing steps are repeated. A plurality of such operably coupled heat exchangers may be used in a manner such that the timing of the pressurized working fluid from each heat exchanger to the expander is offset.

There are numerous industrial and other processes that produce waste heat, particularly waste heat that is or can be converted to a heat source in the approximate range of 34° F. to 210° F. Heat in these low grade thermal ranges may also be obtained from geothermal sources, including man-made geothermal sources such as those occurring in abandoned oil and natural gas wells, as well as natural water bodies (oceans, lakes, rivers), solar and wind sources. Heat in this range is difficult to utilize since it is too low to be used in conventional Rankin cycle or other vapor cycles to generate useful energy. Accordingly, there is a need for a more efficient method of extracting useful work and electricity from heat, and particularly from heat from low grade thermal sources.

Process and system for extracting useful work or electricity from thermal sources


In a first embodiment of the present invention, a method is provided comprising: parsing a document, wherein the document contains at least one reference to a style sheet; for each referenced style sheet: determining if a ruleset corresponding to the referenced style sheet is contained in a first local cache; if the ruleset corresponding to the style sheet is contained in the first local cache; if the referenced style sheet is not contained in the first local cache, parsing the referenced style sheet to derive a ruleset; and applying the ruleset(s) to the document to derive a layout for displaying the document.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to computer science. More specifically the present invention relates to reusing style sheet assets.
2. Description of the Related Art
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a programming language used to describe presentation semantics of a document written in a markup language. Common markup languages include hypertext markup language (HTML), which is currently the most popular language used to create web pages. Other example markup languages include Extensible Markup Language (XML) and HTML5.
The most common usage of CSS is to style web pages, although the style sheets can be applied to any document. CSS may be used to enable the separation of document content from document presentation, including elements such as the layout, color, and fonts. This separation often improves content accessibility, provides more flexibility and control in the specification of presentation characteristics, enables multiple pages to share formatting, and reduce complexity of the content by reducing repetition. CSS can also allow the same document to be presented in different styles for different rendering methods, such as on-screen, in print, by voice, etc.
When utilizing CSS, a web page may contain references to one or more CSS sources (files). During the process of displaying the web page, the processing entity (such as a web browser) retrieves the linked CSS files, extracts the style rules specified in the CSS files, and applies those rules to various places within the web document being displayed.
There are various ways in which a CSS style sheet can be included into a web page. The first is through a <LINK> tag within the <HEAD> section of the HTML document. For example:
 <HEAD> <LINK REL= "STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href=http://www.example.com/stylel.css>...</HEAD>
Another way to include a CSS style sheet into a web page is through an "@import" statement within a <STYLE> element. For example:
 <!— @import url(http://www.example.com/style2.css);--></STYLE>
At the time of displaying a web page, the web browser (or other document processing program) performs the function of combining the style rules specified within CSS files and applying such rules to appropriate elements within the page being displayed. This process is performed separately for each page. This process can take up valuable computing power, which is especially critical as the devices running web pages become smaller and smaller (such as mobile phones), and have less CPU and battery power to spare for such operations.
While this process can be streamlined a bit by storing CSS style sheets in a cache as they are downloaded, negating the need to re-download CSS style sheets that are being reused, this solution helps largely with network bandwidth issues, and does not affect CPU or battery power issues, as the CSS style sheet must still be processed for each web page, regardless of where it is located.
What is needed is a solution that helps reduce CPU and battery power utilized to process CSS style sheets.


A trading system allows a trader and/or counterparty to control whether the trader and/or counterparty wants to continue to be able to trade with the other when a pending trade between the trader and counterparty exceeds one or more warning limits.

The present invention relates to systems and methods for anonymous electronic trading. More particularly, the present invention relates to systems and methods for electronic trading that enable traders to remain anonymous with each other while still allowing those traders to monitor counterparty risk.
In recent years, electronic trading systems have gained wide spread acceptance for trading of a wide variety of items, such as goods, services, financial instruments, and commodities. For example, electronic trading systems have been created which facilitate the trading of financial instruments and commodities such as stocks, bonds, currency, futures, oil, gold, pork bellies, etc. As another example, online auctions on the Internet have become popular markets for the exchange of services and both new and used goods.
Many of these electronic trading systems use a bid/offer process in which bids and offers are submitted to the systems by a passive side and then those bids and offers are hit and lifted (or taken) by an aggressive side. For example, a passive trader may submit a "bid" to buy a particular number of 30 Year U.S. Treasury bonds at a given price. In response to such a bid, an aggressive side trader may submit a "hit" in order to indicate a willingness to sell bonds to the first trader at the given price. Alternatively, a passive side trader may submit an "offer" to sell the particular number of the bonds at the given price, and then an aggressive side trader may submit a "lift" (or "take") in response to the offer to indicate a willingness to buy bonds from the passive side trader at the given price. In such trading systems, the bid, the offer, the hit, and the lift (or take) are collectively know as "orders". Thus, when a trader submits a bid, the trader is said to be submitting an order.
Given the laws of supply and demand, if a first trader desires to buy or sell an extraordinarily large size of a particular financial instrument or other item, other traders may modify their prices for that instrument or item to the detriment of the first trader in order to take advantage of that desire. In this way, the other traders may distort the market price of the instrument or item away from what the price would be for that instrument or item trading with the same size over varied buyers or sellers. Accordingly, traders frequently desire to remain anonymous when trading so that other traders cannot determine their identity prior to execution of any given trade.
Although traders in electronic trading systems frequently desire to remain anonymous in this way, many traders still desire to be able to monitor counterparty risk by keeping track of and limiting the total size of trades that they are completing with each other trader. Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide systems and methods for electronic trading that enable traders to remain anonymous with each other while still allowing those traders to monitor counterparty risk.

Processing of orders in an trading system once warning limits are exceeded


An animal entertainment device comprises a guide unit and a wheel that travels on the guide unit.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention generally relates to toys for pets. In particular, the invention relates to an animal entertainment device that includes a wheel suitable for small animals that the animals can use for transporting himself from a first location to a second location.
2. Discussion of the Prior Art
Hamsters, mice, squirrels, gerbils and many other small animals that are kept as pets are typically housed in a cage, which by itself is not a stimulating environment. Thus, toys that provide stimulation and new experiences for small animals are highly desired. Preferably, such toys are designed so an animal can learn from its own instincts to utilize the toy. Therein, even more preferable is when a toy can be utilized by the animal in a basic function such as moving from one location to another. The present invention introduces an animal entertainment device in the form of a transport wheel, which allows a small animal to do exactly that, moving from a predetermined first location to a predetermined second location and vice versa and introduces a safe way for the animal to enter and exit on its own accord.
Wheels are for small animals are known; such wheels are commonly called exercise wheels. An exercise wheel allows a small animal to run full speed to its hearts' content and obtain exercise. However, depending on the type of wheel, the animal may be stuck at exactly the same place as where it started. Such stationary wheels are can be placed on a ground or suspended in a habitat cage. Most commercial exercise wheels marketed for small animals have rungs which are not suitable for them due to the fact that an animal can be injured. A stationary exercise wheel may not fully recreate a natural habitat of small animals because of its stationary nature becomes boring for the animal. Also, a viewer watching an animal running on a stationary wheel may become disinterested within a relatively short time.
Other kinds of exercise wheels—hamster balls or cars—are essentially closed balls configured to have an inner space, into which an animal is placed and then, by its own action, ends up in a random location of the house or yard. Since the interaction is random, the use of these toys requires supervision. Unsupervised pets can become trapped against furniture, trees or bushes and panic, or they can roll down stairs, injuring themselves.
A need, therefore, exists for an animal entertainment device of a transport wheel, to be integral with a cage or habitat, i.e. habitat cage, for a small animal that enables a wheel to move reciprocally within the habitat along a generally vertical path so that the animal moves from a predetermined first location to a predetermined second location. A need exists for the animal entertainment device to safely allow an animal to enter and exit the wheel.
A need exists also for a wheel to be integral with a housing for the wheel, so that the wheel and housing assembly may be readily movable and/or removable from the habitat cage to another location or habitat cage.
Another need exists for an animal entertainment device assembly, such as a animal entertainment device assembly of a transport wheel and housing assembly, for a small animal that enables a transport wheel to move reciprocally along a path having generally horizontal and vertical stretches from a predetermined first location to a predetermined second location.
Still another need exists for an animal entertainment device assembly of a transport wheel and housing assembly that is resistant to being gnawed on by an animal.
A need, therefore, exists for a animal entertainment device assembly of a transport wheel and housing assembly that is operative to travel along a longitudinal path while transporting an animal between designated ingress/egress points along the path.
Another need exists for a animal entertainment device assembly of a transport wheel and housing assembly that is configured as a wheel.
Still another need exists for a transport wheel for transporting an animal that may by integrated in a cage structure or configured as a stand-alone assembly.
A further need exists for a transport wheel for transporting an animal along a longitudinal track that can be reconfigured by an assembly operator.


A part of an air cleaner main body overlapped with vehicle body frames in a side view has a shape in which an upper surface portion of the part is narrower than a bottom surface portion of the part. The air cleaner main body is formed to have approximately uniform gaps along inner surfaces of the vehicle body frames, and the air cleaner main body is inserted from a position below the vehicle body frames and is fixed to the vehicle body frames before mounting an engine.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention typically relates to, in a motorcycle in which an engine is mounted on vehicle body frames extended diagonally rear downward from a steering head pipe, a structure of an air cleaner disposed above the engine.
2. Description of the Related Art
Generally, as a method of improving aerodynamic characteristics (Coefficient of Drag CD×frontal projected area A) of a vehicle such as a motorcycle, it is effective to narrow a width of vehicle body frames to make elbows and knees of a passenger or a rider to be positioned inwardly. Particularly, in a vehicle in which an engine with wide width in right and left directions such as a parallel multicylinder engine is mounted, a width of vehicle body frames is increased, if no measure is taken. Especially in a case where it is structured such that an air cleaner mounted above an engine is detached/attached from a position above vehicle body frames, an opening of an upper part of the vehicle body frames is required to have a size equal to or larger than a size of the air cleaner, resulting in that a width is increased. Accordingly, since it is not possible to make elbows and knees of a rider to be positioned toward the inside of the vehicle, a frontal projected area is increased, and an aerodynamic performance is lowered. Further, since a degree of freedom when a rider rides the vehicle is also lowered, a degree of fatigue at a time of driving for a long period of time becomes large.
For example, in a motorcycle disclosed in Patent Document 1, a technique for improving an aerodynamic performance and enlarging a degree of freedom when a rider rides the motorcycle is disclosed. In this example, a width of vehicle body frames is reduced by adopting a monocoque frame integrated with an air cleaner box.
[Patent Document 1] Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 2007-76553.
The monocoque frame such as one in Patent Document 1 is a unit effective for manufacturing a compact vehicle, but, it has a structure with which a control of rigidity of the vehicle body frames is difficult. Meanwhile, in a vehicle required to have a high-speed performance such as a racer, a conventional twin spar frame excellent in high rigidity is the most suitable. However, when a parallel multicylinder engine is mounted on the twin spar frame, practically it cannot be said that a structure in which an air cleaner is attached/detached from a position above the vehicle body frames is suitable for aerodynamic characteristics and the like, if no measure is taken.


High affinity species specific monoclonal antibodies are provided. The antibodies are anti-immunoglobulin antibodies which bind the Ig of a particular species but does not cross react with the Ig of another species. Methods for making and using the antibodies of the invention are provided.

Secondary-anti-(mouse immunoglobulin) antibodies have long been used to detect the binding of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to the target antigens. This is advantageous because it combines the exquisite specificity found in primary MAb with the amplification and versatility allowed by the second antibody reagent. Using specific anti-immunoglobulin antibodies solves many of the difficulties in locating and quantitating antibodies when these molecules are found in complex mixtures of serum or tissue culture proteins.
A concern in the generation of anti-immunoglobulin response is how similar antibodies are from species to species. Because of this extraordinary similarity between the amino add sequence of different species immunoglobulin (Ig), it has been difficult to obtain a secondary, anti-(mouse)Ig antibody preparation which does not also bind to the Ig of other species.
The cross-reactive binding found in anti-immunoglobulin antibodies may create false negative or positive assay results. Thus, experiments performed in serum or other biological fluids have required washing steps or other techniques to remove potentially cross-reactive antibodies before employing the second antibody. Because of the high concentrations present in vivo, this problem of cross reactivity has prevented effective use of a second antibody system for studying primary mouse monoclonal antibodies in animals.
Anti-Ig antibodies are employed in the various number of assays. Accordingly, there is a need for high affinity monoclonal antibodies which are species specific.

Species specific, high affinity monoclonal antibodies


A computer program generates a wire routing pattern that connects one driver with a plurality of receivers. The overlapping length of each vector pair, which consists of any two vectors headed from the driver to the receivers, is calculated. One vector pair that has the greatest overlapping length is selected. For the selected vector pair, three kinds of common nodes are created, each of which is used to make a common path part of the way to the receivers, to generate three kinds of renewed vector patterns. The operations are repeated and plural candidate routing patters are acquired. One candidate routing pattern having the smallest total wiring length is selected as the optimum routing pattern. If there exist plural patterns that have the same smallest total wiring length, one pattern can be selected that has the smallest one of the greatest. D-R path lengths.

The present invention relates to a computer program and a method for generating a wire routing pattern, which includes wiring paths between one signal-source terminal, which is referred to as a driver hereinafter, and a plurality of signal-receiving terminals, each of which is referred to as a receiver hereinafter.
In the field of the wiring board or the like, when generating wiring paths between one driver and plural receivers, there is a demand for making the total wiring length smallest possible. On the other hand, there is another demand for making the length of each wiring path headed from the driver to each receiver smallest possible. If the total wiring length is reduced, the stray capacitance of the whole wiring path is reduced to restrain signal deterioration. If the length of a wiring path headed from the driver to the receiver is reduced, the deterioration of a specific signal headed from the driver to the receiver is restrained.
In the field of the interconnection among many terminals, there is known the solution of the minimum Steiner tree, which is one method for generating a wire routing pattern having the smallest total wiring length. In general, if there are many terminals and all possible wiring paths must be considered, a huge amount of calculation is required for generating the optimum solution having the smallest total wiring length. Under such circumstances, it is known that when using the approximate solution of the minimum Steiner tree, the shortest wire routing pattern can be generated relatively easily. How to obtain the approximate solution is disclosed in FIG. 3 of Japanese patent publication JP 62-39024 A (1987), which will be referred to as the first publication hereinafter. According to the disclosure of the first publication, the following operations should be carried out. First, there are selected specific two terminals whose distance between them is smallest among possible terminal pairs, and a virtual path is created between the two terminals. Secondary, there is selected a next terminal that is located closest to the virtual path, and an additional path is created between the next terminal and the virtual path to generate a renewed virtual path. A further next terminal is selected similarly, and the virtual path is renewed similarly, and similar operations are repeated for the remaining terminals to generate finally a wire routing pattern that has approximately the smallest total wiring length. This method is disclosed also in FIG. 5 of Japanese patent publication JP 2005-275780 A (2005), which will be referred to as the second publication hereinafter. The method mentioned above will be referred to as the approximate solution of the minimum Steiner tree hereinafter.
The approximate solution of the minimum Steiner tree is useful for easy generation of the wire routing pattern having the smallest total wiring length. The approximate solution, however, has a problem because the driver and the receivers are treated equally or treated with no distinction. This problem will be explained below. Among wiring paths headed from the driver to the receivers, there can be selected one wiring path that has the greatest path length, noting that the number of the wiring paths is equal to the number of the receivers. The greatest path length between the driver and the relevant receiver will be referred to as the greatest D-R path length hereinafter. It can be assumed that there may exist plural kinds of wire routing patterns that have the same smallest total wiring length, and the patterns may have different greatest D-R path lengths. Since the approximate solution of the minimum Steiner tree is the method for generating only one wire routing pattern that has the smallest total wiring length, the generated wire routing pattern not always has the smallest one of the greatest D-R path lengths among the plural wire routing patterns that have the same smallest total wiring length. In other words, in consideration of also the signal flows headed from the driver to the receivers, it is hard to say that the approximate solution of the minimum Steiner tree is the optimum solution.
On the other hand, there is known another method for generating the optimum routing pattern in consideration of the signal flows headed from the driver to the receivers: the method is disclosed in Japanese patent publication JP 11-167564 A (1999), which will be referred to as the third publication hereinafter. The method uses the concept of "overlapping cost" about wiring paths headed from the driver to the receivers. The method can create a common path so as to make the overlapping cost maximum to generate the optimum routing pattern. The method will be referred to as the maximized overlapping cost method hereinafter. The maximized overlapping cost method can always generate the wire routing pattern that has the shortest wiring path between the driver and each of the receivers. The maximized overlapping cost method, however, may generate disadvantageously, depending on an arrangement of terminals, a wire routing pattern having the total wiring path that is greater than that of the pattern generated by the approximate solution of the minimum Steiner tree. Accordingly, the maximized overlapping cost method not always generate the optimum routing pattern that has the smallest total wiring length.
After all, under some arrangements of terminals, the approximate solution of the minimum Steiner tree may generate the optimum routing pattern that has the smallest total wiring length and also the smallest one of the greatest D-R path length. However, under other arrangements of terminals, the approximate solution of the minimum Steiner tree may not generate the pattern that has the smallest one of the greatest D-R path length. On the other hand, under some arrangements of terminals, the maximized overlapping cost method may generate the optimum routing pattern that has the smallest one of the greatest D-R path length and also the smallest total wiring length. However, under other arrangements of terminals, the maximized overlapping cost method may not generate the pattern has the smallest total wiring length.

Computer program and method for generating wire routing pattern


The present invention is a digital/analog converter which converts a digital signal of a binary number consisting of N.sub.L low-order bits and N.sub.U high-order bits into an analog signal, in which a first digital/analog converting circit driven in accordance with a digital data of low-order bits employs, as conventional, an R-2R system while a second digital/analog converting circuit driven in accordance with a digital data of high-order bits employs a 2R system. As a result, the influence of an error included in the variation in an output of the analog signal which is caused by the variation in the digital data for the least significant bit can be decreased, whereby a high resolution is obtained, keeping a monotonicity, without a high matching of registors.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a digital/analog converter converting a digital signal of a binary number into an analog signal.
2. Prior Art
As an applied-voltage digital/analog converter, that which employs an R-2R system is conventionally known. FIG. 11 shows an 8- bit digital/analog converter employing such an R-2R system.
As shown in FIG. 11, the digital/analog converter is provided with eight changeover switches S.sub.0 to S.sub.7 corresponding to a bit in each order of an 8-bit digital signal to be D/A-converted. One of contact points of each of the changeover switches S.sub.0 to S.sub.7 is connected with a first input terminal 1 to which reference voltage V.sub.REF is applied, while the other is connected to a second input terminal 2 to which ground potential GND is applied. Between the second input terminal 2 and an output terminal 3, a single resistor which has a resistance value 2R and seven resistors each of which has a resistance value R are connected in series. Between respective nodes between the above-mentioned resistors and respective common contact points of the changeover switches S.sub.0 to S.sub.7, eight resistors each of which has a resistance value 2R are connected, respectively.
With the digital/analog converter, the changeover switches S.sub.0 to S.sub.7 change their respective connections between the respective first contact points to which the reference voltage V.sub.REF is applied and the respective second contact points to which the ground potential GND is applied depending upon a state of a corresponding bit of a digital signal, and an analog signal having a voltage value corresponding to the digital signal is outputted from the output terminal 3.
In this way, the digital/analog converter employing the conventional R-2R system do not have to have a large number of elements such as the resistors, the changeover switches S.sub.0 to S.sub.7 and so on, and thus this type of digital/analog converter has the advantage that it can be controlled in a simple way. However, it also has the disadvantage as mentioned below: Practically, the resistors have slightly different resistance values from their desirable resistance values R or 2R, and an error arises in a variation in an output of the analog signal corresponding to a variation in a digital data. With the conventional digital/analog converter, an error included in the variation in an output of an analog signal which is caused by the variation in the digital data for the least significant bit exerts a large influence on the performance of the digital/analog converter, and therefore, it is necessary to accomplish a very high matching of resistors to obtain a converter which has a high resolution, keeping a monotonicity that the analog value of the analog signal monotonously increase or decrease in accordance with the monotonous change of the digital value of the digital signal.


A word-based lottery game wherein a player buys a ticket with a word or set of words and may win a prize if the outcome of a draw confers a win status to one or more words in the ticket. The draw is a random process for which an outcome is a concatenation of characters and may confer word a winner based upon a rule such as being able to compose the word with the drawn characters.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention generally relates to lottery systems for conducting lottery games and casino gaming systems. More particularly, the invention relates to lottery games that incorporate words and phrases into the play of the game.
2. Description of the Related Art
Many governments and/or gaming organizations sponsor wagering games known as lotteries. A typical lottery game entails players selecting permutations or combinations of numbers. This is followed by a "draw," wherein the lottery randomly selects a combination or permutation of numbered balls. Prizes are awarded based on the number of matches between a player's selections and the drawn numbers. Examples are the well-publicized, multi-million-dollar-jackpot lotteries popular throughout the world.
Lotteries have become an important source of income to governments as they shoulder much of the financial burden for education and other programs. As governments have grown more dependent on lotteries it has become a challenge to sustain public interest. One approach to invigorating lottery sales is to expand game content beyond traditional combination/permutation games. The new games may help keep current players, as well as draw in new players. One potential area to expand game content is that of word games.


A processing method and system for identity authentication with a mobile terminal based on iris recognition is provided. The iris characteristic data of the user is encapsulated as iris identification data, which is further established as a unique identifier of the user for identity authentication. The mobile terminal compares the scanned iris characteristic data of the current user against the prestored iris identification data. When the iris characteristic data of the current user is in match with the prestored iris identification data, the mobile terminal is unlocked. Iris recognition is employed to verify the identity of the user, so as to control unlock the mobile terminal and log into the application.

With the development of mobile communications and continuous improvement of people's living standards, various mobile terminals, for example, mobile phones, are becoming more and more popular. Mobile phones have become an indispensable communication tool in people's lives.
Mobile phones in the prior art are having more and more functions, while the security issues of mobile phones cannot be ignored. Ways to unlock a mobile terminal in the prior art are cumbersome. The same goes with existing ways to login on an application by utilizing a user name and a password, however, if an individual's account and password are saved in the application, no good security mechanisms can be utilized to ensure security, resulting in security risk.
Therefore, the prior art has yet to be improved and developed.

Processing method and system for identity authentication with mobile terminal based on iris recognition

HUIZHOU TCL MOBILE COMMUNICATION CO., LTD.


An extract of a liquid culture of Ganoderma lucidum is provided. The production process encourages the growing mycelium to export bioactive compounds such as beta glucans into the surrounding liquid. Thus, the beta glucan is soluble and easily absorbed. More importantly, the production process allows the beta glucan to retain its triple helix structure which is required to maintain a very high bioactive efficacy. The beta glucans from Ganoderma lucidum can be used in a cream for treatment of psoriasis.

The medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum has been used for a long time in China to prevent and treat various human diseases such as bronchitis, hepatitis, hypertension, tumorigenic diseases, immunological disorders and as an ingredient in skin creams. Ancient Chinese medical scholars suggested that Ganoderma lucidum could strengthen body resistance and consolidate the constitution of patients.
The main ingredients in the various Ganoderma products that lead to the bioactivity are beta glucans. These are part of the cell wall and are traditionally isolated in an extraction process. Unfortunately, the extraction process harms the bioactivity of the beta glucan and most applications are forced to use Ganoderma products in the form of a powder from the dried mushroom body. However, the beta glucan is not easily released from the powder so that it can be absorbed in the body and the biological efficacy of most Ganoderma-based products is affected by this.
The product according to the present invention can be produced in a production process using the mycelium of a mushroom such as Ganoderma lucidum. The production process encourages the growing mycelium to export bioactive compounds such as beta glucans into the surrounding liquid. Thus, the beta glucan is soluble and easily absorbed. More importantly, the production process allows the majority (such as more than 80%, more than 90% or more than 95%) or all of the beta glucan to retain its triple helix structure which is required for maintain a very high bioactive efficacy.

Basidiomycete-derived cream for treatment of skin diseases


A system and method for easily managing a data center with multiple computing devices such as cryptocurrency miners from different manufactures is disclosed. A first computer includes a management application to manage the selected computing devices and periodically read and store status information from them into a database. Controls are presented to enable selection of one or more of the devices and to apply an operating mode, including manual, semi-automatic, automatic, and intelligent modes. Machine learning may be used to determine recommended settings for the selected set of computing devices.

This background description is set forth below for the purpose of providing context only. Therefore, any aspect of this background description, to the extent that it does not otherwise qualify as prior art, is neither expressly nor impliedly admitted as prior art against the instant disclosure.
Many cryptocurrencies (e.g., Bitcoin, Litecoin) are based on a technology called blockchain, in which transactions are combined into blocks. These blocks are stored with previous blocks of earlier transaction into a ledger (the "blockchain") and rendered immutable (i.e., practically unmodifiable) by including a hash. The hash is a number that is calculated based on the blocks and that meets the blockchain's particular criteria. Once the block and hash are confirmed by the cryptocurrency network, they are added to the blockchain. The hashes can be used to verify whether any of the prior transactions or blocks on the blockchain have been changed or tampered with. This creates an immutable ledger of transactions and allows the cryptocurrency network to guard against someone trying to double spend a digital coin.
Cryptocurrency networks generally consist of many participants that repeatedly attempt to be the first to calculate a hash meeting the blockchain network's requirements. They receive a reward (e.g., a coin reward or transaction fee reward) that motivates them to continue participating (mining).
Many blockchain networks require computationally difficult problems to be solved as part of the hash calculation. The difficult problem requires a solution that is a piece of data which is difficult (costly, time-consuming) to produce but easy for others to verify and which satisfies certain requirements. This is often called "proof of work". A proof of work (PoW) system (or protocol, or function) is a consensus mechanism. It deters denial of service attacks and other service abuses such as spam on a network by requiring some work from the service requester, usually meaning processing time by a computer.
Participants in the network typically operate computers called mining rigs or miners. Because of the difficulty involved and the amount of computation required, the miners are typically configured with specialized components that improve the speed at which hashes or other calculations required for the blockchain network are performed. Examples of specialized components include application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGA), graphics processing units (GPUs) and accelerated processing unit (APUs).
Miners are often run for long periods of time at high frequencies that generate large amounts of heat. Even with cooling (e.g., high speed fans), the heat and constant operations can negatively impact the reliability and longevity of the components in the miner. ASIC miners for example often have large numbers of hashing chips (e.g., 100's) that are more likely to fail as temperatures rise.
Many participants in blockchain networks operate large numbers (e.g., 100's, 1000's or more) of different miners (e.g., different generations of miners from one manufacturer or different manufacturers) concurrently. These large numbers of miners can be difficult to manage. Operations such as changing the operating frequencies, voltage levels, and fan speeds can require burdensome amounts of time, particularly when apply the changes to large numbers of devices.
One reason for this is that current management solutions are limited in functionality. Many are only able to manage a particular model or brand of miner or device. Many are also difficult to use and require time consuming operations to apply changes to large numbers of devices at the same time.
Further complicating matters is that correctly configuring settings on devices like miners for optimum performance is difficult. Determining optimum configurations traditionally involves expert hardware engineers with an advanced understanding of how mining machines are built and function. Manipulating setting is often performed by changing and updating the device's firmware. For at least these reasons, there is a desire for a solution to allow easy management of large numbers of devices such as miners.

System and method for managing computing devices


A method, system and computer-usable medium are presented for coordinating an enterprise's resources needed for regulation/standards compliance. The method includes the establishment of a common data framework that includes multiple data structures for multiple applications, selection of a regulation to be complied with by an enterprise, determination of which data is needed by the enterprise to be in compliance with the regulation, and extraction of needed data for compliance from the common data structure

1. Technical Field
The present invention relates in general to the field of computers and similar technology systems, and in particular to software utilized by such systems to implement methods and processes. Still more particularly, the present invention relates to a computer-implementable method and system for coordinating data structures to populate, manage and enable regulatory compliance applications through a single infrastructure that adapts to existing and future compliance requirements.
2. Description of the Related Art
Enterprises face an alphabet soup of regulatory requirements that are continually being propagated and amended by federal, state and local governments, as well as other regulatory bodies. Such regulatory requirements include those promulgated by the U.S. government, including the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX), the Patriot Act, the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA), the Bank for International Settlements' Basel Committee "Basel II" regulation for the banking industry, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), etc. While some regulations are industry specific (e.g., OSHA CFR 1926 standards apply only to the construction industry), others are cross-industry regulations (e.g., OSHA CFR 1910 standards).
Besides governmental regulations, enterprises also must comply with industry standards, such as accreditation requirements from the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals (JCAH) for hospitals and nursing homes; the International Organization for Standardization's ISO 9000 et seq. standards for manufacturing and other industries, etc.
Besides the difference in promulgating bodies (i.e., governments promulgate regulations while private organizations promulgate standards), regulations tend to be more nebulous than standards. That is, regulations tend to require an enterprise to achieve a final result (e.g., HIPAA's requirement that an employer must keep employee's health records confidential), but without expressly stating how such results are to be achieved. Furthermore, regulations often involve some sort of governmental enforcement agency that is able to levy fines and/or criminal penalties for non-compliance. Standards, on the other hand, tend to be more prescriptive in nature, and often provide model formats and procedures that are to be followed to be in compliance with the standard.
Whether an enterprise is attempting to comply with a regulation or a standard, some degree of decision making is required by the enterprise on how to come into compliance. As a result, most enterprises attack the problem of compliance in a piecemeal manner. That is, to come into compliance with a first governmental regulation, an enterprise will typically establish a top-level strategy created by upper management. A committee is often formed to establish the processes and policies needed to come into compliance, as well as determining what infrastructure (including hardware and software) are needed. After multiple iterations, a program is set-up, but often becomes stale (outdated) as soon as amendments are made to the regulation. If the committee still has ownership of the process, then the program may or may not be updated to comport with the updates to the regulation.
When the enterprise decides to come into compliance with a second governmental regulation (or an industry standard), the process starts all over again to create a second compliance program. Besides "reinventing the wheel" for aspects of the first compliance program that were already established during the first governmental regulation compliance program, the second program may cause conflicts (e.g., conflicting policies, procedures, resource usage, etc.) with the first program.
The documentation requirements of regulations and standards are considerable. Such documentation must often be in a mandated format, which is populated with specific data related to an enterprise's operations. Thus, a typical approach to compliance with one or more such regulations/standards is extremely costly, both in hardware/software resources as well as in labor/implementation costs. Again, adhering to compliance-related requirements becomes an additional challenge as new regulations are introduced, vaguely written regulations need to be interpreted, multiple regulations overlap and contradict one another, and existing regulations change.

International Business Machines Corporation


An intravenous catheter shield is formed by a base underlying a portion of the patient's limb containing an infusion needle. A transparent channel-like housing in higedly connected with the base and overlies the catheter area in vertical spaced relation. Velcro equipped straps secure the patient's limb to the base and the surface of the base is longitudinally provided with recesses in resilient mateiral which grip an IV tube extending into the housing and connected with a catheter.

1. Field of the invention
The present invention relates to the field of intravenous catheters and more particularly to a guard or shield for the venipuncture site, a catheter and an intravenous tubing retainer.
When intravenous fluid is to be periodically injected into a patient over an extended time period, it has been the general practice to insert a cannula beneath the surface of the skin into a vein and to retain the cannula in position by adhesive tape. This simple arrangement is effective; however, problems can arise in that the adhesive tape sometimes prevents visual inspection of the puncture site and often provides inadequate retention of the cannula as the patient moves or as the nurse inserts a needle to inject other medication.
Further, the adhesive tape is irritating particularly when the patient is sensitive to the adhesive tape, which causes irritation and creates considerable discomfort for the patient at the area of the intravenous catheter.
2. Description of the prior art
Prior patents generally disclose a base member, which may be planar in general configuration, and supports a section of intravenous tubing connected with a catheter and is attached to the arm or leg of the patient by encircling straps.
These devices, are generally satisfactory, but have the disadvantage when used with an active patient, such as a child, they do not provide adequate support for either the tubing or the catheter. One present method of protecting the needle site is the use of a styrofoam cup, severed in half, with the base portion inverted and taped over the needle area or catheter with cloth tape. This sometimes causes the needle to come out, after extended use, such as three or more days, and the skin to become raw. The cloth tape, as stated above, irritates the skin and must be removed to inspect the condition of the patient's vein.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,722,508 discloses an infusion guard and immobilizer for intravenous infusions. This device comprises a U-shaped channel portion underlying a patient's arm and a rigid, inverted U-shaped bridge spanning and removably secured to the upstanding edges of the U-shaped channel. The bridge also supports intravenous tubing and the entire unit is secured to a patient's limb by Velcro hook and eye straps.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,517,971 discloses a guard for a venipuncture site which comprises a base member taped to a patient's limb which supports the intravenous needle or catheter and includes a lid portion hingedly connected at one end to one end portion of the base for movement toward and away from the base in shielding relation with respect to the catheter position.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,900,026 discloses an intravenous needle stabilizing device which comprises a generally rectangular downwardly open cup-like shield having flanged edges projecting laterally which are employed to secure the device to a patient's limb. One portion of the cup-like shield provides gripping members for supporting a catheter when inserted into the vein of the patient to prevent movement of the catheter.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,316,461 discloses a vascular stabilizer comprising a rectangular base having a major medical longitudinal aperture or slot which straddles a vein of the patient when placed thereover and includes an insertion slot extending through the base which stabilizes the catheter when inserted into the patient's vein. The base being attached to the patient's limb by strap members.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,782,378 discloses a shield for an intravenous catheter which is formed by a doughnut-like annulus formed from soft resilient material having a stiffening ring extending around its toric axis for securing a pair of bands thereto and encircling the patient's limb over the position of a catheter site. A pair of resilient strips are diametrically crossed and span the distance between the periphery of the ring at 90.degree. positions for overlying a catheter when the annulus is centrally placed over the catheter position. A transparent cover sealed with the annulus spans the central opening and permits visual observation of the catheter when the shield is in place.
European Patent Application No. 0 266 176 discloses a shield for protecting an intravenous needle formed by a generally rectangular base utilizing strap members for securing the base to a patient's limb and an inverted open channel-like housing overlying the base. The housing is releasably secured to the base and supports intravenous tubing leading to a needle underlying the top of the base within the housing area.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,576,589 discloses a catheter drainage apparatus which features a tubing gripping spring clamp.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,161,261 discloses hingedly connecting a lid to another member by a series of interdigitated hinge members having a central hinged pin.
This invention is distinctive over the above described devices by providing a base which supports a portion of the patient's arm or leg by being attached thereto, in underlying relation, by strap members. A transparent housing, removably connected with the base, shields the catheter or intravenous tubular connection or puncture site of the patient's vein.
The base also supports the adjacent end portion of the intravenous tubing to prevent movement of the tubing, particularly at its end portion connected with the catheter.

Intravenous catheter shield and retainer


A video encoding system in which pixel data is decomposed into frequency bands prior to encoding. The frequency bands are organized into blocks that are provided to a block-based encoder that encodes the blocks and passes the encoded blocks to a wireless interface that packetizes the blocks for transmittal over a wireless connection. The encoder may categorize the encoded frequency bands into multiple priority levels, and may tag each frequency block with metadata indicating the frequency band represented in the block, the priority of the frequency band, and timing information. The wireless interface may then transmit or drop packets according to the priority levels of the encoded frequency blocks in the packets and/or according to the timing information of the frequency blocks in the packets.

Virtual reality (VR) allows users to experience and/or interact with an immersive artificial environment, such that the user feels as if they were physically in that environment. For example, virtual reality systems may display stereoscopic scenes to users in order to create an illusion of depth, and a computer may adjust the scene content in real-time to provide the illusion of the user moving within the scene. When the user views images through a virtual reality system, the user may thus feel as if they are moving within the scenes from a first-person point of view. Similarly, mixed reality (MR) combines computer generated information (referred to as virtual content) with real world images or a real world view to augment, or add content to, a user's view of the world, or alternatively combines virtual representations of real world objects with views of a three-dimensional (3D) virtual world. The simulated environments of virtual reality and/or the mixed environments of mixed reality may thus be utilized to provide an interactive user experience for multiple applications.

Priority-based video encoding and transmission


Systems for synchronizing a pseudorandom binary sequence signal with a time-delayed version of the same signal without the use of delay lines or programmable counters. This is accomplished by the use of two Pseudorandom Binary Sequence [PRBS] generators for producing the same PRBS signal. Each PRBS generator incorporates as a constituent component a serial shift register with M stages with the outputs of multiple stages fed back through an exclusive-OR to provide an input to the register, thereby to produce a clocked repetitive series of said sequence signal as inputs to each register. The states of shift register are numbered n such that (n-1) clock cycles elapse before the next start state. A start detect circuit is responsive to the start state of the pseudorandom binary sequence signal of the first generator for generating a synchronizing signal at that instant to force the second PRBS generator to be at a state in the binary sequence representing a delayed point in the sequence.

The process of determining distances is called ranging. Examples of signal ranging systems are not only RADAR and SONAR, but also telecommunications systems. One technique used in both of these types of ranging systems is to transmit a Pseudorandom Binary Sequence signal, hereinafter termed a PRBS signal and to measure the delay in the return time of the echo. When the echo returns, the delay time t.sub.d of the echo is determined by identifying the corresponding start time of the echo pattern by comparing the echo signal with a duplicate of the original signal. When the delay of the duplicate signal is adjusted by a known increment of time so that the duplicate signal matches that of the echo waveform, the delay t.sub.d is determined. This invention concerns a novel system for producing an accurately timed sequence of matched Pseudorandom Binary Sequence [PRBS] signals.

Pseudorandom Binary Sequence delay systems


A transmission power determination system configured to control a transmission power of a radio signal transmitted by a small base station in a mobile communication network including a general base station forming a predetermined cell and the small base station forming a small cell smaller in size than the predetermined cell, the transmission power determination system comprising: a reception power acquisition unit configured to acquire a reception power of a radio signal from one of a different small base station or the general base station, which can be received by the small base station; a determination unit configured to determine one of the different small base station and the general base station which transmits the radio signal acquired by the reception power acquisition unit; a pathloss value calculation unit configured to calculate, when it is determined by the determination unit that the radio signal is transmitted from the different small base station, pathloss value between the different small base station and the small base station based on a difference between a transmission power of the radio signal from the different small base station and the reception power of the radio signal from the different small base station acquired by the reception power acquisition unit; and a transmission power determination unit configured to determine the transmission power of the radio signal transmitted by the small base station, based on the pathloss value calculated by the pathloss value calculation unit.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a transmission power control system that controls transmission power of a radio signal transmitted by a small base station, a base station, and a transmission power control method.
2. Description of Related Art
Conventionally, in a mobile communication system, it is necessary to secure a service quality according to content of a communication request generated irregularly from a mobile station. Therefore, when a mobile communication carrier installs the base station, it is general to design a radio parameter, such as an installation location or a configuration of a base station, based on estimating the size of a service area or the traffic generated within the service area, and a transmission power of a common control channel in a downlink direction transmitted from a base station, by means of simulation (for example, Mori, et al., IEICE General Conference 2001, B-5-34 "W-CDMA Area Evaluation Experiment Using Reception Quality Measurement System" March 2001) or the like.
In recent years, in addition to a general base station for a public communication installed by a mobile communication carrier, the number of small base stations installed at home by a mobile station user (for example, Home NodeBs) such as femto cell increases (for example, see 3GPP TS 22.220, Service requirements for Home NodeBs (UMTS) and Home eNodeBs (LTE)). When the mobile communication carrier designs the aforementioned radio parameter, the installation location of such a small base station also needs to be considered.
However, the small base station can be freely installed by the mobile station user, and thus, it is not realistic to design the radio parameter based on simulation in which installation locations of all the small base stations, for example, are considered. Thus, there is a need of Self Configuration by which a small base station, etc., autonomously set the radio parameter.
For example, it is possible to consider the following method, i.e., the small base station measures a reception level of a common control channel (in W-CDMA system, Common Pilot Channel (CPICH)) transmitted by a peripheral base station (a small base station or a general base station), and based on the measured reception level, a transmission level of a common control channel transmitted by the small base station is determined.
However, the aforementioned self configuration has the following problem. That is, when the small base station determines the transmission level of the common control channel transmitted by the small base station based on the reception level of the common control channel transmitted by the peripheral base station, the transmission level of the common control channel of the small base station needs to increase in order to reduce a quality deterioration at the mobile station caused by the common control channel of the peripheral base station.
There is a problem that if such a process is repeated in the peripheral base station, then the transmission level of the common control channel transmitted by the small base station or peripheral base station increases in the end, and therefore, an interference of a radio signal between the base stations can rather increase.

Transmission power control system, base station, and transmission power control method


A bottom cap of a housing of a hand held computer terminal is provided. The bottom cap comprises a strap mount and a releasable fastener. The releasable fastener can releasably fasten the bottom cap to a main body of the housing. The strap mount comprises an electrical connector opening for mounting an electrical connector to the bottom cap.

Hand held computer terminals can be used for a variety of purposes. Indicia reading terminals, for example, have been used for a number of years in industrial data collection applications and for purposes of decoding information encoded in bar code symbols. Many hand held computer terminals, such as indicia reading terminals, are multifunctional and/or have broad computing capabilities. The computational functionalities of hand held computer terminals are enabled by electronic components and other hardware.
The packaging of these electronic components into a housing of hand held computer terminal can be complex, with many factors influencing the housing design. For instance, the hand held computer terminal can be designed to prevent ingress of external pollutants, increase ergonomic function, increase durability, increase accessibility, and decrease manufacturing and repair costs.
The internal electronic components can be damaged by external pollutants, such as water, dirt, dust, or other debris. When water ingresses the housing, the water is likely to cause electrical shorts, corrosion, or other damage. Electrical shorts can cause temporary or permanent malfunctions. Corrosion and other physical damage can also cause permanent malfunctions. Likewise, while sometimes less intrusive, dirt, dust, or other debris can be problematic, causing problems ranging from a nuisance to severe damage.
Ergonomics and durability also influence the design. As a hand held device, hand held computer terminals can be considered more desirable to use when fitted comfortably in a hand. A hand strap can make it easier to hold the hand held computer terminal, and less likely to drop the hand held computer terminal, especially when the hand held computer terminal is held for longer periods of time. Resistance to damage from physical impact is beneficial, as well, for example, when the hand held computer terminal is mishandled or dropped.
The accessibility of the hand held computer terminal to repair defective or broken parts, or to otherwise assemble, disassemble, and/or reassemble the hand held computer terminal can also influence the design. Efficient assembly, disassembly, and/or reassembly can lower manufacturing or repair costs and save time.
Optimizing one factor in the mechanical design of a hand held computer terminal can diminish the optimization of another factor, making it a complex matter to configure the mechanical design of a hand held computer terminal for balanced efficiency and/or overall optimization, wherein the hand held computer terminal is well sealed, durable, ergonomically efficient, and easily repairable, all while being cost efficient to manufacture or repair.
In one method of packaging the components, a clamshell style housing has a front housing member and a back housing member that are fastened together to enclose the electronic components. A hand strap can be mounted as a separate piece screwed or ultrasonically welded to the back housing member. This design is cumbersome and costly. Further, repair and/or replacement of some components requires labor intensive processes and discarding of expensive parts. For instance, with the clamshell style housing, an electrical connector (e.g., a charge/communication connector) located at the bottom of the hand held computer terminal is mounted to the front housing member or the back housing member. The front housing member and the back housing member must be dismantled to access and replace the electrical connector. The electrical connector is soldered to the housing member, so the electrical connector is often removed and re-soldered to a replacement housing member, while the removed housing member is discarded.
It would be useful to have a hand held computer terminal that cost efficiently facilitates sealing, durability, ergonomics, and accessibility, and reduces or avoids the problems identified herein above.

Assembly of a hand held computer terminal housing


A method for operating a fuel injection system is provided. The method includes injecting fuel from a first direct fuel injection device arranged in a cylinder liner in a cylinder block into a combustion chamber and injecting fuel from a second direct fuel injection device arranged in a cylinder head into the combustion chamber, the first and second direct fuel injection devices arranged at an obtuse angle with regard to an intersection of central axes of the first and second direct fuel injection devices.

According to the prior art, use is made of injection devices whose injection jets exhibit a reduced or small penetration depth into the combustion chamber. In practice, it has however been found that, despite a reduced penetration depth, the combustion chamber internal walls are wetted with fuel, specifically even if the injection jets do not directly strike the combustion chamber internal walls. Charge movement in the combustion chamber may be the cause of this is non-evaporated liquid fuel that, in the form of fuel droplets, is transported to the combustion chamber internal walls, and wets these.
The prior art has also disclosed concepts in which the cylinders of the internal combustion engine are each equipped with an injection nozzle in the region of the cylinder liner. The injection nozzle of a cylinder is in this case oriented toward the cylinder head and in some cases toward the outlet valve of the cylinder. This feature is intended to assist and accelerate the evaporation of the fuel particles or fuel droplets and thus the mixture formation. At the same time, the head and the closed outlet valve are cooled by way of fuel. It is also sought in fuel injection systems to reduce pollutant emissions. It is also possible for two injection nozzles to be provided in the region of the cylinder liner, whereby it is sought to further increase mixing of the air-fuel mixture. U.S. Pat. No. 5,421,301 describes such an internal combustion engine.
A disadvantage of the injection method described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,421,301, and generally of internal combustion engines whose cylinders are equipped with an injection device in the region of the cylinder liner, is that an injection can be performed only when the cylinder-specific piston, on its path toward bottom dead center, has passed the injection device and makes the combustion chamber accessible to the openings of the injection device. The crank angle window, in which an injection can be performed, is thus restricted. This is all the more relevant because, in the case of a direct injection, it is inherently already the case that very little time is available for the mixture formation.
An injection nozzle which is oriented toward the cylinder head, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,421,301, supplies fuel only to the cylinder-head-side region of the combustion chamber during the course of the injection process, whereas the region of the combustion chamber between the injection device and bottom dead center, that is to say the piston-side region of the combustion chamber, remains disregarded during the injection.
Against the background of that stated above and recognizing the aforementioned problems the inventors have developed a method for operating a fuel injection system to resolve at least some of the problems. In one example, the method includes injecting fuel from a first direct fuel injection device arranged in a cylinder liner in a cylinder block into a combustion chamber and injecting fuel from a second direct fuel injection device arranged in a cylinder head into the combustion chamber, the first and second direct fuel injection devices arranged at an obtuse angle with regard to an intersection of central axes of the first and second direct fuel injection devices. Injecting fuel into combustion chamber with injection devices arranged at an obtuse angle with regard to one another enables the fuel jets interact with one another to increase air-fuel mixing and decrease wall wetting within the combustion chamber. Consequently, combustion efficiency is increased and emissions are correspondingly reduced. In one example, the first direct fuel injection device may be positioned on an exhaust side of the combustion chamber in the cylinder liner and the second direct fuel injection device may be positioned between an intake valve and an exhaust valve in the cylinder head. When the fuel injection devices are arranged in this way the fuel spray from the devices may interact with one another and the intake airflow to increase tumble and/or swirl airflow patterns in the intake airflow. Consequently, mixing of the air-fuel mixture may be further increased, thereby increasing combustion efficiency.
It should be understood that the summary above is provided to introduce in simplified form a selection of concepts that are further described in the detailed description. It is not meant to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, the scope of which is defined uniquely by the claims that follow the detailed description. Furthermore, the claimed subject matter is not limited to implementations that solve any disadvantages noted above or in any part of this disclosure.

Direct-injection, applied-ignition internal combustion engine with injection device arranged in the cylinder liner, and method for operating an internal combustion engine of said type