An ultra high-speed DDP-SRAM (Dual Dual-Port Static Random Access Memory) cache having a cache speed in approximately the GHz range. This is accomplished by (1) a specially designed dual-port SRAM whose size is slightly larger than that of a conventional single port SRAM, and (2) the use of a dual dual-port SRAM architecture which doubles its speed by interleaved read and write operations. A first embodiment provides a 6-T (transistor) all nMOS dual-port SRAM cell. A second embodiment provides a dual port 7T-SRAM cell which has only one port for write, and both ports for read.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to an ultra high-speed DDP-SRAM (Dual Dual-Port Static Random Access Memory) cache, and more particularly pertains to an ultra high-speed DDP-SRAM cache having a cache speed in approximately the GHz range. This is accomplished by (1) a specially designed dual-port SRAM whose size is slightly larger than that of a conventional single port SRAM, and (2) the use of a dual dual-port SRAM architecture which doubles its speed by interleaved read and write operations.
2. Discussion of the Prior Art
In general, SRAM (Static Random Access Memory) memory has a higher speed than DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory), however it""s size is much larger. A conventional SRAM cell consists of six-transistors, two nMOS transistors as transfer devices, two pull-up pMOS transistors, and two pull-down nMOS transistors. The complementary data bits which are stored in a SRAM cell are latched by a pair of back-to-back inverters. Therefore, these data do not needed to be refreshed.
On the other hand, data that is stored in a one transistor, one capacitor DRAM cell gets degraded over a period of time due to charge leakage. Therefore, for any high-speed operation, especially when the required memory density is low, SRAM memory is always the memory of choice.
As the speed of microprocessors has increased over time, the speed gap between microprocessors and SRAM cache memories has also widened. Many GHz processors have been announced recently, but the speed of the SRAM cache is still in the range of 400 MHz.
A four-T (transistor) single-port SRAM cell has been reported by NEC, titled xe2x80x9cA 2.9 um2 Embedded SRAM Cell with Co-Salicide Direct-Strap Technology for 0.18 um High Performance CMOS Logicxe2x80x9d, IEDM 97, p847, 1997. This single-port SRAM cell shares the transfer gates with the pull-up devices and therefore eliminates two devices per cell. This approach has significantly reduced the cell size, and surely is a very attractive design for a high-density integration. Since the pull-up and the transfer devices in NEC""s cell are pMOS devices, for the unselected wordlines, the wordline voltage and all the bitline voltages are held high. The nodes are isolated since the pMOS devices are turned off. However, the leakage charge from the internal high node is constantly replenished by the off-state current flowing through the pMOS pull-up devices. There are two drawbacks with this design, (1) the cell size is not minimal, since the is a minimal ground rule specified between p-well and n-well for placing mixed pMOS and nMOS devices in a cell. (2) read/write disturb on the non-selected cell is an issue, since their bitlines are not constantly held high when the array is active.
Accordingly, it is a primary object of the present invention to provide an ultra high-speed DDP-SRAM (Dual Dual-Port Static Random Access Memory) cache.
A first object of the present invention is to boost SRAM cache speed by at least 2xc3x97. A second object of the subject invention is the design of a new dual-port SRAM cell, whose size is slightly larger (less than 25% larger) than the existing single-port SRAM cache.
A further object of the subject invention is to boost the cache speed to approximately the GHz range. This is accomplished by (1) a specially designed dual-port SRAM whose size is slightly larger than that of a conventional single port SRAM, and (2) the use of a dual dual-port SRAM architecture which doubles its speed by interleaved read and write operations.

International Business Machines Corporation


The present disclosure provides system, method and apparatus for implementing fast reroute (FRR). The present disclosure provides a mechanism to associate working LSPs with a FRR LSP to protect against the node/link failures and can switch the traffic immediately upon LSP failure. Further, the present disclosure enables to communicate the status of FRR in use to the PCE so as to have centralized control over the FRR mechanism.

The time critical applications like public switched telephone network (PSTN calls are affected when the network re-converges due to faults. Fast Reroute (FRR) is a technology used in networking to ensure the service availability is assured. FRR is the technology proposed by Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) for local protection of a MPLS network. The technology provides fast protection switching capability for a Label Switched Path (LSP) by means of traffic engineering capability of the MPLS.
In MPLS, a connection referred to as a label switched path (LSP) is established between two end points and packets are transported along the LSP using label switching. Various signaling protocols may be used to set up and manage LSPs. Examples include Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) and its various extensions such as RSVP-TE for traffic engineering, and others. RSVP-TE provides a mechanism for reserving resources for LSPs. Resource Reservation Protocol-Traffic Engineering is an extension of the resource reservation protocol (RSVP) for traffic engineering. It supports the reservation of resources across an IP network.
Routers that are capable of performing label-based switching according to the MPLS protocol are referred to as label switch routers (LSRs). The entry and exit points of an MPLS network are called label edge routers (LERs). The entry router is referred to as ingress LER and the exit router as an egress LER. LSPs are unidirectional tunnels that enable a packet to be label switched through the MPLS network from ingress LER to an egress LER. The flow of packets along an LSP may be disrupted by various network events such as failure of an interface or link along a path traversed by an LSP, failure of a node (e.g., a router) in the LSP path, reduction in bandwidth associated with a link traversed by the LSP, a priority-related event such as when a new high priority LSP comes up and there is bandwidth contention or a change in priority of an existing LSP, which may result lower priority LSPs to get preempted, and others. To protect against potential data losses caused by such disruptions, a backup LSP may be provisioned for an LSP (referred to as the primary LSP to differentiate it from the backup LSP). The backup LSP provides an alternative path for forwarding packets around a failure point in the primary LSP. Since the primary LSP is "protected" by its corresponding backup LSP, the primary LSP is referred to as a protected LSP.
The Fast ReRoute (FRR) extension to RSVP-TE provides a mechanism for establishing backup LSPs for protecting primary LSPs. The protected LSP is also referred to as an FRR-enabled LSP. When a network event occurs that affects a protected LSP, the packet traffic is locally redirected along the backup LSP in a manner that circumvents the failure point in the protected LSP. When a router starts redirecting data along a backup LSP for a protected LSP, the protected LSP is referred to as being failed over to the backup LSP. FRR enables RSVP to set up a backup LSP to protect an LSP so that in the event of a network failure (e.g., link/node failure), the data traffic from the protected LSP can be switched to the backup LSP to minimize any traffic loss. RSVP-TE on the local device, such as router, associates the working or current LSPs to a FRR (facility backup) LSP based on local FRR configuration and RSVP-TE signaling messages (such as RSVP path and resv messages) exchange. The path message for the LSP to be protected specifies the desired protection, and the resv message propagated towards ingress of the LSP specifies the level of protection available along the path.
The software-defined networking (SDN) is one of the recent approaches to computer networking that allows network administrators to manage network services through abstraction of higher-level functionality. This is done by decoupling the system that makes decisions about where traffic is sent (the control plane) from the underlying systems that forward traffic to the selected destination. Generally, the SDN networks are path computation element (PCE)/path computation client (PCC) managed. The PCE is a system component, application, or network node that is capable of determining and finding a suitable route for conveying data between a source and a destination. The PCE device can be a router, a COTS server, part of the OSS, or a virtualized entity running in a cloud. When a network node needs a path for an LSP, it makes a request to the PCE using the PCE protocol (PCEP). The PCE has access to topology information for the entire network and uses this in path computations.
However, the RSVP-TE does not ensure a central control of associating working and FRR (facility backup) LSPs at a particular node. Also, in SDN environment where the LSPs are PCE initiated, and in PCE methods where RSVP signaling for LSPs is completely removed, cannot use the existing FRR mechanisms of RSVP-TE. Further, in case of PCE managed SDN network, there is no mechanism for either PCC or PCE to associate the working/current LSPs (i.e., LSPs to be protected) to FRR LSP, and switch the traffic to FRR LSP (i.e., put FRR LSP in use) upon resource (node/link) failure, due to which the status of FRR LSP in use is not updated with the PCE. Furthermore, when the working LSPs and FRR LSP are delegated to PCE, the PCE does not have the information to group the working LSPs and FRR LSPs so as to ensure the protection of working LSP. Also, when the working LSP is initiated by PCE, there is no means for PCE to initiate the FRR LSP and protect the working LSPs.

System, method and apparatus for implementing fast reroute (FRR)


The invention concerns a query response device comprising: an input adapted to receive user queries; a memory (106) adapted to store one or more routing rules; one or more live agent engines (116) configured to support interactions with one or more live agents; one or more virtual assistant engines (120) configured to support interactions with one or more virtual assistants instantiated by an artificial intelligence module (103); and a routing module (104) coupled to said live agent engines and to said virtual assistant engines, the routing module comprising a processing device configured: to select, based on content of at least a first user message from a first user relating to a first user query and on said one or more routing rules, a first of said live agent engines or a first of said virtual assistant engines; and to route one or more further user messages relating to the first user query to the selected engine.

Computer solutions, and in particular algorithms and processes known as artificial intelligence, are in use to an ever increasing extent by companies wishing to communicate with clients or customers. The main benefit is clear; the cost of implementing an artificial intelligence solution is a fraction of the cost of employing people to perform the same role.
However, there are technical difficulties in implementing such a system based on artificial intelligence. In particular, while for simple queries the system may be relatively efficient, in the case of more complex queries, or ones that have never before been presented to the system, current solutions are inadequate, as time and processing resources will be wasted in attempts to resolve the issues using existing artificial intelligence techniques, which will often end in failure. This leads to a heavy burden on the system in terms of the required memory and processing resources, in addition to a poor rate of user satisfaction. Furthermore, in view of this inefficiency, artificial intelligence solutions based on current technology must generally be designed to cope with a high number of concurrent user queries, leading to complex and costly infrastructures.
There is thus a need for a query response solution that overcomes the above drawbacks.


A press drive device includes a connecting rod with input and output ends. A drive shaft mounts to rotate about a shaft axis and includes a connecting rod bearing in eccentric relation to the shaft axis. The input end mounts on the connecting rod bearing. At least first and second drive housings are provided on axially opposite sides of the connecting rod bearing. The drive shaft projects into both drive housings. A motor mounts in at least one of the drive housings and includes a stator rotationally fixed to a drive housing peripheral wall located coaxially around the shaft axis. A rotor supported by a rotor hub is arranged radially within the stator with mounting space between the shaft axis and the rotor for possibly mounting a braking device.

Press drive devices for driving a press slide have been known in many different modifications. The use of electric motors or servomotors in the press drive device has already been suggested many times. For example, publication DE 10 2008 034 971 A1 describes a press comprising several direct-drive modules, each acting on a pressure point of the slide. A servomotor can be used in the direct-drive module. The servomotors of different direct-drive modules can either be mechanically coupled or electronically synchronized. In electronic synchronization with four pressure points, the slide can be rotated or tilted about two axes that are perpendicular to each other.
Publication DE 10 2008 063 473 A1 suggests a press drive that can be set up modularly. An electric driving motor, for example a servomotor or a torque motor, may be arranged in a transmission module at a press interface. Furthermore, a brake may be present in the motor module. The motor can be connected to the press via a transmission module comprising an appropriate interface.
Another modular drive system for a press has been known from publication DE 10 2011 113 624 A1. A crankshaft is supported via a radial bearing in a drive housing. The drive is flange-mounted on the side of the drive housing. A connecting rod is mounted to a connecting rod bearing of the crankshaft, said connecting rod converting the rotary motion of the crankshaft into an oscillating motion. A braking device and a planetary gear may be interposed between the drive and the drive housing. The brake and the drive may also be connected to the transmission on opposite sides. Due to the modular design, various installation options are provided.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Press drive device for a press, and press comprising a press drive device


Disclosed are a method of welding a metal tab of an electrode layer for a cable battery and an electrode manufactured thereby. This welding method, suitable for welding a metal tab to an electrode including a current collector for a cable battery, a conductive layer formed on the outer surface of the current collector, and a polymer film layer formed on the inner surface of the current collector, includes: a) removing a portion of the conductive layer using a pulse laser, thus exposing the surface of the current collector positioned thereunder, and b) welding a metal tab to the surface of the current collector, thus enabling the welding of a metal tab and an electrode for a cable battery, which has been difficult to achieve using a conventional welding process.

Rechargeable secondary batteries are widely utilized in portable devices, tools, uninterruptible power supplies, etc. In particular, wireless communication techniques are receiving attention as power sources for portable devices and the like.
With the recent advancement of mobile devices, cable-type secondary batteries, the shape of which may be freely changed, are required these days. The process of manufacturing a cable-type secondary battery includes welding a metal tap to an electrode layer for a cable-type secondary battery. However, the cable-type secondary battery is problematic because an insulating layer and a conductive layer formed on the electrode layer are made of a polymer material, and thus, weld quality resulting from typical welding of the electrode layer may become poor.
With the goal of solving such problems, for example, Korean Patent Application Publication No. 10-2013-0040552 discloses that slippage between an electrode part and a terminal part is minimized, thus facilitating weld bonding and increasing welding performance. However, even when this technique is applied to the welding of the metal tab and the electrode layer for a cable-type secondary battery, the improvement of the weld quality is limited.

Method for welding metal tab of electrode layer for cable battery and electrode manufactured thereby


An anti-jackknifing apparatus is disclosed for reducing articulation between a tractor having a fifth wheel and a trailer having a king pin. The anti-jackknifing apparatus comprises a rotatable shaft, a lug mounted on the shaft and a rotary actuator operatively engaged with the shaft.

This invention relates to apparatus for preventing jackknife steering control loss on articulated vehicles as a result of jackknifing of the trailer. More particularly this invention relates to apparatus for limiting the articulation of a trailer by means of a stop element engaged in the forks of the fifth wheel.
Environmental, traffic and public protection considerations, as well as the operational economies of preventing hazardous material spills in highway traffic fatalities by crash avoidance have become increasingly important, particularly to business involved with long distance highway cargo transport. The reduction of steering control loss through prevention of over-articulation or xe2x80x9cjackknifingxe2x80x9d of the tractor/trailer combination is one means of achieving those objectives.
As a tractor/trailer combination unit begins to lose control due to over articulation, the driver experiences the increasingly difficult challenge of maintaining steering control until articulation of the trailer to the tractor about the king-pin reaches a critical angle. Commonly known as xe2x80x9cjackknifingxe2x80x9d, exceeding the xe2x80x9ccritical anglexe2x80x9d causes the driver to lose complete steering control until the unit comes to rest, often with catastrophic results.
It is known in the prior art to provide anti-jackknifing apparatus which relies on the insertion of a stop element between the forks of the fifth wheel so as to limit the permitted articulation between the trailer and the tractor.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,837,678 to Cicero described a horizontally plunging piston with an enlarged head which engaged between the forks of the fifth wheel. U.S. Pat. No. 3,972,542 to Dirks et al. described a tapered head portion of an abutment element which extended horizontally into the forks of the fifth wheel, a slideway for the element and remote control features. U.S. Pat. No. 4,068,860 to Meyers et al. was directed to a horizontally extending abutment element which included a head portion shaped to engage both the inner and outer portions of the forks of the fifth wheel.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,700,966 to Hawkins et al. introduced the concept of a pivoting lug mounted on a transverse shaft which was driven by a hydraulic cylinder. The cylinder and the transverse shaft were mounted in a rearwardly extending support frame which included a mounting bar which in turn was attached to a portion of the trailer frame.
One disadvantage of the Hawkins approach is that the apparatus must be relatively long in order to accommodate the cylinder and support frame. As a result, the apparatus must generally be mounted below the floor beams of the trailer. This in turn reduces the clearance between the apparatus and the top of the fifth wheel. Alternatively the Hawkins unit is installed by cutting out a portion of the floor beams and tucking the unit into the resulting space.
An object of this invention is to provide improved apparatus which selectively prevents jackknifing of the trailer by means of a pivoting lug mounted on a transverse shaft.
It is a further object of this invention to provide such apparatus which can be supplied as a retrofit device on an existing upper coupler plate of a trailer.
It is yet a further object of this invention to provide a more compact apparatus than has been offered in the prior art and which is capable of fitting between the floor beams of a trailer without the need to cut the beams.
It is another object of this invention to provide means for preventing contamination of the operative components of the apparatus from dirt and other debris.
It is another object of this invention to provide apparatus which may be easily taken apart for repair or replacement of its component parts.

Tractor trailer anti-jackknifing assembly


In order to conduct a visual inspection correctly for a tire having deflection, contour deformation caused by the deflection of the tire is corrected with respect to tire contour measurement data. A tire contour measurement data correction method includes a step of obtaining a sidewall image in a tire radial direction at each certain rotation angle by a sensor portion while rotating a tire T to be inspected by a tire rotation portion, a step of dividing the sidewall image by a predetermined ratio by an image processing portion and approximating the sidewall image of each divided section by a straight line, a step of calculating an inclination angle in a horizontal direction of the approximate straight line, and a step of rotating the sidewall image of each divided section so that the inclination angle of the approximate straight line agrees with a predetermined angle determined for each divided section.

When acceptability of a tire shape is to be determined, a rubber material portion which is a tire main body portion constituting an outer peripheral portion is attached to a ring-shaped metal component (rim) constituting an inner peripheral portion of a tire, and after the inside is filled with air, an appearance shape of a tire side portion (sidewall), for example, is grasped and acceptability is determined.
As such methods for grasping tire appearance shapes, a method using a three-dimensional shape measuring method called a light section method (See Patent Literature 1) and a method using an optical displacement sensor (See Patent Literature 2) are known.
Here, the light section method is a method of irradiating a tire surface (sidewall, for example) along a radial direction of a tire with light (line light) linearly focused by a cylindrical lens or the like, photographing the shape of the line light on the tire surface by a camera or the like, and measuring a surface shape of the tire at a light irradiated portion (linear portion) according to the principle of triangulation from the obtained photographed image. By using this method, for example, performing the measurement at certain rotation angle intervals while rotating the tire makes it possible to grasp the sidewall shape of the entire periphery of the tire.
On the other hand, the optical displacement sensor focuses emitted light from a laser or the like into a spot shape (point shape) to irradiate the tire surface therewith, receives its reflected light by a linear image sensor such as CCD, and measures a height of the tire surface at a light irradiated portion (point-shaped portion) from a change in the position of the reflected light. Since the optical displacement sensor measures only the height of the point-shaped portion irradiated with light, as described above, when the surface shape of the sidewall is to be measured, for example, a plurality of the optical displacement sensors is juxtaposed for use in the radial direction of the tire to perform measurement at certain rotation angle intervals while rotating the tire similarly to the light section method so that the sidewall shape of the entire periphery of the tire is grasped.
However, with the above-described prior-art methods, after the measurement data of the tire appearance shape (hereinafter referred to as "tire contour measurement data") is obtained, since contour deformation caused by deflection is not corrected, the contour of a deflected tire cannot be inspected correctly.
Hence, if the tire appearance shape is measured by the above-described prior-art methods, the tire main body should be incorporated in the rim and air should be filled, and an internal pressure should be raised to a state where there is no deflection caused in the tire, and thus, there is a problem that preparation time for the measurement becomes long and productivity lowers.

Tire contour measurement data correction method and tire visual inspection device


Provided are a semiconductor device and a method of fabricating the same. The semiconductor device includes: a plurality of conductive patterns stacked on a substrate and spaced apart from each other and a pad pattern including a flat portion extending in a first direction parallel to the substrate from one end of any one of the plurality of conductive patterns, and a landing sidewall portion extending upward from a top surface of the flat portion, wherein a width of a portion of the landing sidewall portion in a second direction parallel to the substrate and perpendicular to the first direction is less than a width of the flat portion.

1. Technical Field
The present disclosure herein relates to a semiconductor device and a method of fabricating the same.
2. Description of the Related Art
As the electronic industry has advanced to a higher level, the integration density of semiconductor devices has likewise increased . Higher integration of semiconductor devices may be a significant factor in determining product price. In other words, as integration density of semiconductor devices increases, product prices of semiconductor devices may decrease. Requirement for higher integration of semiconductor devices is increasing. Typically, since integration density of semiconductor devices is mainly determined by the area occupied by a unit memory cell, integration density may be significantly influenced by the level of fine pattern forming technology. However, pattern fineness may be limited due to expensive semiconductor equipment and/or difficulties in semiconductor fabrication processes.

Semiconductor device and method of fabricating the same


Disclosed herein is an access control apparatus for a barrier movement system that moves a barrier. The access control apparatus includes a near field communications (NFC) module, a radiofrequency (RF) module, and a controller coupled to the NFC module and RF module. The controller is configured to read an NFC signal from an authenticated external device, via the NFC module. In response to reading the NFC signal, the controller transmits a command signal, via the RF module, that commands the barrier movement system to move the barrier.

Movable barriers, such as upward acting sectional or single panel garage doors, residential and commercial rollup doors, and slidable and swingable gates, are used to alternatively allow and restrict entry to building structures and property. These barriers are driven between their respective open and closed positions by coupled barrier moving units, known and referred to in the trade as "barrier operators", and in the specific case of a garage door, known and referred to as "garage door operators."
For example, a typical garage door operator for driving an upward acting sectional garage door between its open and closed positions includes, as a central control unit, a door control module or "head" unit including a microcontroller for (i) processing incoming user actuated door instructions and (ii) generating output control signals corresponding to these instructions; a motor controller for receiving and transmitting these control signals to a motor; and a DC or AC motor drivingly coupled to the garage door. The user actuated door instructions are in the form of wired or wireless signals typically transmitted to the microcontroller from wall consoles mounted at the interior and exterior of the garage, hereinafter referred to as "access panels", or from hand held or vehicle mounted RF transmitters.
Activation of a barrier operator so as to cause a barrier to be driven between the open and closed positions via an exterior access panel can be particularly convenient for users. For example, the barrier may be opened without the need for the user to carry an RF transmitter. These exterior access panels typically utilize a keypad into which a user must enter a personal identification code in order for the barrier operator to be enabled to cause the barrier to be driven between the open and closed positions.
While such exterior access panels are m wide use and add convenience for users, additional functionality is still desirable. For example, a user may have forgotten their personal identification code and not have their RF transmitter in their immediate possession. Consequently, further developments in exterior access panels for activating a barrier operator, such as a garage door opener, to accommodate those and other situations are desirable. For example, other ways of causing exterior access panels to enable the barrier operator are desirable.
As known to those of skill in the art, near field communications (NFC) is a form of short-range wireless communication in which an NFC antenna is used. An NFC antenna is much smaller than the wavelength of the carrier signal, thus preventing a standing wave from developing within the antenna. In the near-field, typically considered to be one quarter of a wavelength or less, the antenna can produce either an electric field, or a magnetic field, but not an electromagnetic field. Thus, near field communications are either by way of a modulated electric field, or a modulated magnetic field, but not by a modulated electromagnetic wave.
The NFC technology has recently expanded to smartphones, smartphones typically using electric field NFC, operating at a frequency of 13.56 MHz, corresponding to a wavelength of 22.11 m, for secure communications. Therefore, NFC technology is particularly useful for smartphone communication because the very short range of NFC makes it difficult for eavesdroping. In operation, the NFC antenna sets up the near-field around itself, with length, width and depth of the field being roughly the same as the dimensions of the NFC antenna. Thus, the NFC antenna produces a stationary electric field pulsating at 13.56 MHz. If another similarly small NFC antenna comes into this electric field, it will induce an electric potential into it, alternating at the same frequency. By modulating the signal in the NFC antenna, a signal is thus transmitted to the passive, receiving NFC antenna.
It is therefore the principal object of this invention to utilize the benefits of near field communication technology to improve the ability to obtain remote access to a garage or other building structure.

Near field communications activated door access panel


An exemplary method for manufacturing photoresist includes the steps of: adding a metal salt into an aqueous solution, whereby the aqueous solution contains metallic ions (211); adding a sulfide containing sulfur ions (231) into the aqueous solution; adding a polymerizable surfactant (220) into the aqueous solution thereby forming metallic ion reverse micelles (210) and sulfur ion reverse micelles (230); reacting the metallic ion reverse micelles and the sulfur ion reverse micelles to create monomeric sulfureted metal nanoparticle reverse micelles (240); aggregating the monomeric sulfureted metal nanoparticle reverse micelles to polymeric macromolecular nanoparticles; and doping the polymeric macromolecules nanoparticles into a base material in order to obtain the photoresist having sulfureted metal nanoparticles. A diameter of the nanoparticles is in the range from 1×10−9 meters to 1×10−7 meters.

Liquid crystal displays are commonly used as display devices for compact electronic apparatuses, because they are not only very thin but also provide good quality images with little power consumption.
A typical LCD device includes an LCD panel. The LCD panel includes two transparent substrates parallel to each other, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the substrates. In order to enable the LCD device to display full-color images, a color filter is usually employed in the LCD device at one of the substrates. A typical color filter provides three primary colors: red, green, and blue (RGB). The color filter, the liquid crystal layer, and a switching element arranged on the substrate cooperate to provide the LCD device with full-color image display capability.
As shown in FIG. 3, a typical color filter 30 includes a substrate 300, a black matrix 310 disposed on the substrate 300, and a patterned photoresist layer 320 disposed in and around holes of the black matrix 310. A transparent overcoat layer 330 is arranged on and covers portions of the black matrix 310 and the photoresist layer 320. The substrate 300 functions as a carrier of the above-described elements. The photoresist layer 320 includes a multiplicity of pixel regions 321. Each pixel region 321 includes three sub-pixel regions: a red sub-pixel region 322, a green sub-pixel region 324, and a blue sub-pixel region 326, which are arranged in a predetermined pattern. The black matrix 310 is disposed in and around the sub-pixel regions 322, 324 and 326 of the pixel regions 321.
The photoresist layer 320 is generally made from organic components, such as a combination of polymer, surfactant, pigment, and monomer. However, the thermal resistance of the pigment is generally poor, which can result in poor color reproduction of the color filter 30.
To solve this problem, a plurality of nanoparticles can be doped into the photoresist material that is used for fabricating the photoresist layer 320. In general, there are two types of methods for manufacturing the nanoparticles: physical methods and chemical methods. Typical chemical methods include Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD), precipitation, and the reverse micelle method. Diameters of the nanoparticles that are manufactured by conventional chemical methods are typically in the range from 5×10−8 meters to 2×10−7 meters. Light scattering often occurs when light beams pass through a color filter employing photoresist having these nanoparticles. This can result in reduced contrast and reduced light transmission of the color filter 30.
What is needed, therefore, is a method for manufacturing photoresist that can overcome the above-described deficiencies.

Method for manufacturing photoresist having nanoparticles


A straw is formed by a hollow upper part, a hollow lower part and an enlargement provided between the hollow upper and lower parts. The lower part extends into the enlargement to define a space therein between the hollow lower part and the enlargement. The hollow upper part opens into the enlargement above this space. With this construction, after the straw has been used to draw a beverage from a container, the space in the enlargement will remain filled with a portion of the beverage.

The present invention relates to a straw, more specifically to an instrument as it is generally used to consume beverages, both from a glass and from a bottle, can or the like.
Such straw is until now always limited to a simple tube, eventually provided with a bendable part, through which the liquid is sucked up.

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A compact foldable mechanic's walk for facilitating servicing of motor vehicles by improving access to the engine compartment. The mechanic's walk includes a pair of relatively narrow elongated planar mirror image platform members hingedly connected together along abuttable acute angular ends. The platform members are supportable by a plurality of pivotally supported legs adapted to be folded in against the bottom surfaces of the platform members. The platform members preferably are flanged so that in folded condition the in-folded support legs are enclosed within a box-like enclosure.

1. FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to an elevated mechanic's walk or platform for facilitating the servicing of motor vehicles. Many motor vehicles, such as trucks and buses, have engines which are mounted relatively high above the road surface and whose hood granting access to the engine and accessory components make normal access difficult for a person of average height standing on the ground or garage floor. This invention alleviates that problem. More especially the invention relates to a two-part foldable multi-legged walk or platform for extending along one side and end of a vehicle for use by mechanics while working in the engine compartment.
2. THE PRIOR ART
Konkle U.S. Pat. No. 2,872,252 and Everest U.S. Pat. No. 2,957,541 are exemplary of the prior art. Both patents show devices intended for the same general purpose but having structure totally different from that of the present invention.


A storage system includes a storage controller, plural volumes each configured by the storage controller, and a pool allocating physical storage areas to logical storage areas of the volumes. The storage controller configures a first group including, among the volumes, a first primary volume to which a first target protection period is set, and a first history information volume storing history information about updating to the first primary volume, and a second group including, thereamong, a second primary volume to which a second target protection period is set, and a second history information volume storing history information about updating to the second primary volume. The volumes included in the first and second groups utilize the same physical storage area of the pool. When increasing a free capacity thereof, history information to be purged is determined from the first and second protectable periods such that their protectable periods become the same.

The present invention relates to a storage system, and particularly to a history information management method of a storage system.
When data is lost due to failure occurrence in a storage system, human errors, and data falsification by ransomware or the like, etc., the storage system is required to be immediately restored to its normal state.
CDP (Continuous Data Protection) is a technique which enables recovery to any point (recovery point) in a specified past (refer to U.S. Pat. No. 8,046,549 (Patent Document 1)). In the CDP, data before being updated is saved in write processing to an actual volume in which business data is stored, and history information is continuously stored. When a failure or the like is detected, restore processing of specifying the recovery point to return to the saved data is executed. The history information is stored in a pool and purged from the old history to ensure a storage free space.
U.S. Pat. No. 8,046,549 has disclosed that a history exceeding a target protection period set to a journal group (logical volume group in which each history is managed by one journal volume) is written into a base volume to update storage contents of the base volume and is purged from the journal volume. The target protection period means a period during which storage contents of a volume to be protected can be returned to the past. The target protection period is set in advance like, for example, "3 hours". This is referred to as meta information, which includes as main elements, pre-update data, an update time, and an update data storage position (address information).

Storage system and history information management method


Disclosed herein are recombinant polypeptides derived from FBP1 and FBP2. Also disclosed herein are recombinant expression vectors and recombinant host cells for producing the aforesaid recombinant polypeptides. The recombinant polypeptides are proven to be useful and effective in producing a picornavirus with a type I internal ribosome entry site (IRES), so as to facilitate the preparation of a viral vaccine.

Many RNA viruses utilize internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs) located in the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) of genomic RNA to translate viral proteins in a cap-independent manner. Several cellular host proteins that can bind to and stabilize IRES structures and regulate IRES-driven translation have been reported, and these proteins are known as IRES trans-acting factors (ITAFs). Far upstream element-binding protein 1 (FUBP1, also known as FBP1) and far upstream element-binding protein 2 (KHSRP, also known as KH-type splicing regulatory protein, KSRP, FUBP2, FBP2 or P75) are among the known ITAFs that are functionally important in modulating viral IRES-driven translation.
IRES elements have been shown to exist in all genera of Picornaviridae, a type of cytoplasmic RNA virus known for its infectability on both animals and humans. At present, at least five different types of IRESs have been identified in picornaviruses, and each type is characterized by a distinct secondary structure and a different eIF (eukaryotic initiation factor)/ITAF-requirement. The picornavirus type I IRES is only found in enteroviruses such as enterovirus A71 (EVA71 or EV71), coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), and human rhinovirus type 2 (HRV2).
EV71 is a positive single-strand RNA virus containing type I IRES in the Picornaviridae family, and is emerging as a potent threat worldwide. EV71 infections normally cause mild diseases, such as hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) or herpangina. However, children under five years of age are particularly susceptible to the most severe forms of EV71-associated neurological complications, including aseptic meningitis, brainstem and/or cerebellar encephalitis, acute flaccid paralysis (AFP), myocarditis, and rapid fatal pulmonary edema and hemorrhage.
The applicants previously found that FBP2 is a negative regulator (Lin J. Y. et al. (2009), Nucleic Acids Res., 37:47-59), while FBP1 is a positive regulator of EV71 IRES-dependent translation (Huang P. N. et al. (2011), Nucleic Acids Res., 39:9633-9648). Moreover, when the C-terminal of FBP2 is cleaved upon EV71 infection, the cleaved form of FBP2 (FBP21-503) then becomes a positive regulator of EV71 IRES-driven translation. Ubiquitination, and proteasomal and lysosomal activities may be involved in EV71-induced FBP2 truncation (Chen L. L. et al. (2013), J Virol., 87:3828-3838).
By conducting research, the applicants surprisingly found that polypeptides derived from FBP1 and FBP2, respectively, can enhance viral IRES activity and increase viral yield. Therefore, these FBP1 and FBP2 polypeptides are expected to be useful in vaccine production.

Recombinant polypeptides derived from FBP1 and FBP2 and uses of the same


A device for picking up floating objects on the water, such as hydrocarbons, has an envelope made of a flexible material impervious to water and to the floating objects, having a mouth at the upstream end and a discharge orifice at the downstream end, a folding rigid framework, arranged inside the envelope and attached thereto at the mouth and at the discharge orifice, at least one inflatable tube attached to the envelope and running along the length of the envelope, and a compressed-gas generation device designed to inflate the or each inflatable tube.

The present invention concerns a device for picking up objects floating on water such as hydrocarbons.
Devices for picking up objects floating on water are known that comprise nets the mesh of which is such that the water can pass through it but the floating objects cannot and thus remain in the net. This type of net does not make it possible to obtain very satisfactory results since it often happens that the objects and in particular hydrocarbons manage to pass through the mesh.

Device for picking up objects floating on the water, such as hydrocarbons


Provided is a particle monitoring system capable of detecting a level of polymer particle contamination on inner walls of a process chamber. Also disclosed is a method of monitoring the level of polymer particle contamination on inner walls of a process chamber.

1. Technical Field
The present invention generally relates to a system to monitor particle contamination in semiconductor manufacturing facilities. More particularly, the present invention generally relates to a particle monitoring system capable of automatically detecting the level of polymer deposited on inner walls of a process chamber.
A claim is made to Korean Patent Application No. 2004-63, filed on Jan. 2, 2004, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
2. Discussion of the Related Art
Conventional semiconductor manufacturing techniques, such as dry plasma etching, reactive ion etching, and ion milling, have developed to overcome various limitations associated with a chemical etching technique. In the dry plasma etching, the vertical etching speed is much faster than its horizontal etching speed, such that an aspect ratio can be properly adjusted. In fact, a fine feature with a high aspect ratio can be formed on a thin film having a thickness greater than 1 μm using the dry plasma etching technique.
In a process chamber under pressure, energy is added to ionize a reactive gas to thereby form plasma. Atoms having an electrical charge are attracted to a wafer having an electrical potential. The atoms collide with the wafer in a vertical direction, and areas on the wafer unprotected by a mask are removed.
The etching process is effectively implemented by utilizing a chemically reactive gas that targets a specific material. The reactive ion etching technique combines the strong etching effects of both dry plasma etching and chemical etching techniques. It is conventionally known that chemically reactive agents cause excessive electrode wear.
Preferably, plasma is uniformly distributed across the surface of a wafer to achieve a uniform etching speed over the entire surface of the wafer. For example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,595,484, 4,792,378, 4,820,371, and 4,960,488 generally disclose a conventional showerhead electrode to distribute gas through a plurality of holes formed on the electrode. The patents also generally disclose a gas distribution plate having a plurality of rows of apertures to provide a uniform flow of gas vapor to a semiconductor wafer.
A conventional reactive ion etching system generally includes an etching chamber having an upper electrode (anode) and a lower electrode (cathode) disposed therein. The cathode applies a negative bias to the anode and the etching chamber walls. A mask covered wafer is directly laid on the cathode. A reactive gas, such as CF4, CHF3, CCIF3, SF6, or a mixture thereof is supplied together with O2, N2, He or Ar gas into the etching chamber. The etching chamber is maintained at a pressure of a few millitorr. The upper electrode is provided with a plurality of gas holes to uniformly distribute the gases in the etching chamber. An electric field applied between the anode and the cathode dissociates the reactive gas to form the plasma. The surface of the wafer is etched by a chemical reaction with the reactive ions, and a momentum transfer of ions colliding against the surface of the wafer. The electric field created by the electrodes attracts ions toward the cathode, such that the ions are guided to vertically collide against the surface of the wafer.
Therefore, this process can produce a well-defined vertically etched side wall.
In another conventional etching process, a vacuum processing chamber is supplied with an etching gas or a deposition gas. The gas is activated into a plasma state by applying an RF field to implement etching, and then a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process is carried out on a substrate. U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,340,462, 4,948,458, 5,200,232, and 5,820,723 generally disclose a parallel plate transformer coupled plasma (TCPTM) (referred to as inductively coupled plasma (ICP)), an electron-cyclotron reactor, and components thereof. The components preferably have high anti-corrosion properties, because the reactor must be resistant to corrosion caused by the plasma atmosphere, and contamination by particles and/or heavy metals.
Inner walls of a plasma reactor are generally made of aluminum or aluminum alloy. Several techniques for coating the inner walls with various coating materials have been proposed to prevent the corrosion of the inner walls. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,641,375 generally discloses an anodized aluminum chamber to reduce plasma corrosion and wear of the inner walls. However, once the anodized layer wears off, the chamber itself must be replaced.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,491,496 generally discloses a technique of flame spraying Al2O3 on a metallic surface of an etching chamber. U.S. Pat. No. 5,680,013 teaches that a ceramic coating usually cracks due to the thermal coefficient of expansion mismatch between aluminum and the ceramic coating, resulting in the deterioration of the exposed aluminum by the plasma species. U.S. Pat. No. 5,085,727 discloses a plasma chamber having a carbon coated inner wall, in which the coating is deposited by plasma assisted CVD.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,366,585, 5,556,501, 5,788,799, 5,798,016, and 5,885,356 generally disclose a liner arrangement to protect an inner wall of a plasma chamber. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,366,585 discloses a free standing ceramic material machined from solid alumina and having a thickness of at least 0.005 inches. A ceramic layer is deposited without consuming the underlying aluminum.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,556,501 discloses a process-compatible liner made of polymer, quartz or ceramic. U.S. Pat. No. 5,788,799 discloses a temperature-controlled ceramic liner having a resistance heater. The ceramic comprises oxides of alumina, silica, titania, and zirconia; carbides such as silicon carbide, titanium carbide, and zirconium carbide; and nitrides such as aluminum nitride, boron nitride, silicon nitride and titanium nitride. U.S. Pat. No. 5,798,016 discloses a liner for an etching chamber made of ceramics, aluminum, steel and/or quartz. Aluminum is a preferred material because it is easy to machine. Preferably, the lining is coated with Al2O3, Sc2O3, or Y2O3 to protect the aluminum against the plasma. U.S. Pat. No. 5,885,356 discloses a wafer pedestal comprised of a ceramic liner of alumina and a ceramic shield of aluminum nitride. U.S. Pat. No. 5,904,778 discloses a chamber wall, a chamber roof, or a collar around a wafer coated with a free standing silicon carbide substrate by a CVD process. U.S. Pat. No. 5,292,399 discloses a wafer pedestal enclosed with a SiC ring. U.S. Pat. No. 5,182,059 discloses a technique of producing SiC sintered material.
Various materials for use as plasma reactor components (e.g., the showerhead gas distributing system) have been proposed. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,569,356 discloses a showerhead made of silicon, graphite or silicon carbide. U.S. Pat. No. 5,888,957 discloses a showerhead made of amorphous silicon, SiC or Al. U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,006,220 and 5,022,979 disclose coating a showerhead electrode with SiC by a CVD process to provide a surface thereof with highly pure SiC.
However, a technique to improve the substance and/or coating used as plasma reactor components, in view of the demand for highly pure and anti-corrosive components for semiconductor processing facilities is required. In addition, it is useful for a chamber material to utilize a substance capable of extending the service life of the plasma reactor, and thus reducing the down time and process costs.
In a conventional dry etching chamber, a semiconductor wafer is etched by plasma gas and RF power. However, the wafer may be damaged by byproduct (polymer) particles during the etching process. According to the conventional method of cleaning the dry etching chamber, the etching chamber is periodically cleaned to remove the polymer particles. The polymer particles usually deposit on the inner walls of the process chamber, but due to leakages, regardless of process management (PM) schedules, a high number of particles are produced, which adversely affect process yields. In order to solve the above problem, the level of the polymer particles must be monitored, and the etching chamber cleaned accordingly. The conventional method of monitoring and identifying the level of polymer particles consumes a lot of time which lowers productivity.

System and method for monitoring particles contamination in semiconductor manufacturing facilities


Disclosed is an apparatus, method, and program product that provides atomic, multi-word load support without incurring additional memory utilization. A double-word is atomically loaded without the use of one or more additional fields and without a lock. An invalidity marker is used in connection with a cache miss time to ascertain whether a loaded double-word has been stored and loaded atomically, and is thus, valid.

Computer systems are widely used to store and manipulate data. Data is stored in computer system memory and manipulated by computer system programs executing on the computer system's processor. As is well known, a processor is often thought of as the "brains" of the computer system because it is the component within the computer system that executes the computer system's programs, allowing the computer system to do real work. Memory is used to hold computer programs while they are being executed by the processor, and to hold information (data) for access by the processor executing the computer programs.
One of the fundamental characteristics of a processor is its word-size. A processor's word size is usually the same as the width of the processor's registers, which are the local storage areas used to perform arithmetic and logical operations. When a computer system is described as being a 32-bit or a 64-bit computer, this is really a reference to the processor's word-size. Thus, when a processor performs an operation on behalf of a computer system or other device, it does so based upon its word-size. While processors are capable of performing many different operations, two of the most-used operations involve retrieving data from memory (i.e., the load operation) into its registers and placing data into memory (i.e., the store operation).
Implied within the notion of a load or a store operation is the notion of atomicity. Atomicity is basically just an assurance that an operation either completes entirely or not at all. Thus, when a load or a store operation executes on a processor, the processor enforces atomicity for the particular word being operated upon by the load or the store operation. Said another way, the processor ensures that the word is not partially loaded into a register or partially stored into memory. The problem addressed by this patent pertains to the need to atomically load more than one word.
Other existing solutions to the problem of atomically loading multiple words include requiring a lock to be held while loading and storing the multiple words, or using another memory word as a count field.
For the count field solution, before loading each word of the multi-word data, the count field must also be loaded and examined. Then, after the multi-word data is loaded, the count field is loaded and examined again. If the count in the count field has changed (the store code increments the count at the start and end of the store sequence), the load fails and must be attempted again.
The "lock" solution is undesirable because of the performance cost of acquiring and releasing the lock for each load. The count field solution is undesirable because the additional memory space requirements of the count field and the complexity involved with associating count fields with pre-defined word groupings.
Therefore, a need exists for efficient and atomic multi-word support that exceeds that provided by built-in processor capability.

Mechanism that provides efficient multi-word load atomicity

International Business Machines Corporation


Provided herein are methods, systems, and compositions for Lp-PLA2 detection assays that employ amounts of detergent to liberate all or nearly all of the Lp-PLA2 molecules from associated lipoprotein particles. In this regard, the true Lp-PLA2 concentration can be detected in a sample, which correlates better with known Lp-PLA2 activity assays.

Lipoprotein Associated Phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) is a novel biomarker for Cardiovascular Disease. Both the concentration and the activity of Lp-PLA2 have been shown to be associated with risk of coronary heart disease (1). While enzyme linked immunoassays are utilized to quantitate plasma Lp-PLA2 concentration, radiometric and colorimetric assays have been used to measure the activity of this enzyme (2). Even though they report different numeric values there is a strong correlation between different Lp-PLA2 activity methods (2). However Immunoassays, which are used to measure the concentration of Lp-PLA2, do not correlate with activity assays and with one another (1, 3, 4, 5, 6).

Lp-PLA2 assays and composition with detergent


A thermoplastic resin composition and a molding product made therefrom are provided. The thermoplastic resin composition includes a branched copolymer obtained from a copolymerization of a urethane compound and a copolymerizable monomer, wherein the urethane compound is obtained from reaction of a (meth)acrylate compound containing hydroxyl group and a triisocyanate compound.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention generally relates to a thermoplastic resin composition, in particular, to a thermoplastic resin composition and a molding product made therefrom.
2. Description of Related Art
In recent years, thermoplastic resin was shown to have good molding properties, physical and mechanical properties. In particular, one of its features is to have a good appearance and gloss in the molded product. Therefore, thermoplastic resin has been widely applied in different fields, such as in household appliances, mechanical parts, office supplies, electronic components and in the automotive industry etc.
In general, thermoplastic resin can be processed by using molding methods such as injection molding, extrusion molding and blow extension molding etc. In addition, during specific molding processes, the resin needs to be compressed into a sheet prior to molding. In order to fulfill such a requirement, the resin needs to have a high melt strength (i.e., increase the molecular weight of the resin), such that a good thickness uniformity and dimension stability during thermoforming or vacuum forming can be maintained.
However, after increasing the molecular weight of the resin, many drawbacks may arise such as the decrease in mobility, deterioration of the molding properties and reduced productivity etc. To overcome such drawbacks, a general way is to add branching agents for improving the properties. In conventional techniques, the added branching agents are selected from multifunctional reactive monomers such as divinyl compounds or polyvalent acrylate compounds. However, when such monomers are used in the manufacturing process, although the drawbacks such as the decrease in mobility and deterioration of the molding properties may be prevented, it may also cause the cross-linking of the resin such that it is attached to the pipeline surface and result in the formation of carbides. As such, the manufacturing process becomes unsuccessful and the hue of the obtained resin is poor.
Accordingly, how to make a molding product having high melt tension to aid in the thinning processing and to improve the production stability is an issue that a person skilled in the art seeks to resolve.

Thermoplastic resin composition and molding product made therefrom


The inventive subject matter is generally directed to a cross channel optimization system, methods, and related software which provide for the conducting of experiments and/or optimization of digital content across a plurality of external content systems to user of the external content systems.

The inventive subject matter relates generally to the field of experimentation and more particularly, to experimentation and optimization of the delivery of content to users within a digital network, such as the Internet. By the testing of marketing tactics, propositions, advertisements and offers businesses can optimize their campaigns and customer management procedures. For instance, an on-line retailer might test the effectiveness of different headlines and benefit statements in on-line advertising. An advertiser might test placing different advertisements across different advertising placements offered by different publishers. A bank might test different contact and offer strategies in direct mail and outbound telemarketing to cross-sell financial services based on changes to a customer's account balances. A telecommunications company might test different offers and bundles of services to existing customers over the Internet and to their customer's mobile phones. Increasingly, businesses are advertising across a variety of mediums including search engines, banner advertising, contextual advertising, interactive TV, while completing transactions from their own web site. While the flow across these channels for a prospect may be seamless and driven optimal campaign elements across these different systems is challenging for businesses.

Cross channel optimization systems and methods


A catheter (24) and catheter assembly (22) having a drainage member (46), defining a generally ring-shaped opening (48).

Catheters are used to treat many different types of medical conditions and typically include an elongated catheter tube that is inserted into and through a passageway or lumen of the body. Urinary catheters and, in particular, intermittent urinary catheters are commonly used by individuals who suffer from certain abnormalities of the urinary system, such as urinary incontinence. With the advent of intermittent urinary catheters, individuals with problems associated with the urinary system can conveniently self-catheterize to drain the individual's bladder. Individuals who suffer from urinary incontinence will self-catheterize several times a day.
Self-catheterization involves removing the catheter assembly from its package and inserting and advancing the catheter tube through the urethra. Users of intermittent catheters are often required to self-catheterize outside the privacy of the home, such as in public restrooms. Thus, for these and other reasons, it is desirable for the intermittent catheters to be easy to handle, especially for users with limited dexterity. It is also desirable that the catheters are provided in discrete packaging that is easy to open, compact and portable, and easy to dispose.

Catheter with ring-shaped drainage member


A metal jet x-ray tube is proposed, that is affected less than conventional tubes by the problem of the power density at the point of incidence of the electron beam on the anode component. To this end, the metal jet x-ray tube provides a metal jet as an anode component that is so thin that this metal jet only partly decelerates an electron beam incident thereon. Moreover, the metal jet of the anode component is at least embedded or dissolved in a single second material that passes electrons relatively well and is heat absorbing.

In stationary or rotary anode tubes, or else metal jet x-ray tubes, there is the problem of the power density at the point of incidence of the electron beam on the anode component. There, too high power losses are generated for given luminous intensities and focal spot luminances. Moreover, strong background magnetic fields, for example caused in conjunction with magnetic resonance imaging scanners, cause a problem. It is impossible to electrostatically focus the electron beam in magnetic fields of such strength.
The problem of maintaining the solid or liquid aggregate state of the anode material in the focal point of the electron beam in rotation anode tubes and in metal jet x-ray tubes is solved by virtue of the material of the rotary anode or of the metal jet being transported sufficiently quickly through the focal spot at the focal point of the electron beam. In the process, the electrons are decelerated to a standstill, even though only high-energy electrons cause the desired short-wave x-ray radiation. In view of the focal spot power deposition, and also in view of the efficiency, the complete deceleration is a disadvantageous process.


An apparatus that supplies electrolyte inside a battery case disposed inside a reduced pressure chamber includes: a measuring unit where a piston moves in a first direction in a measuring space (S) inside a cylinder, a dispenser that injects electrolyte from above into a battery case, a first pipeline that connects an upper end portion of the measuring space (S) of the measuring unit and the dispenser, and a back pressure valve disposed on the first pipeline. The dispenser includes a discharge nozzle disposed inside the battery case or in a periphery of an upper end of the battery case, a needle valve that is disposed inside the discharge nozzle and opens and closes the discharge nozzle, and an actuator that drives the needle valve up and down.

During a process that supplies electrolyte (liquid electrolyte) into a battery vessel, the battery vessel is placed in an evacuated atmosphere (i.e., a reduced pressure atmosphere or decompressed) so as to reduce the time taken for the electrolyte to permeate.
Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2008-59973 discloses a filling method for a lithium secondary cell including: a step of evacuating a battery case to a vacuum in a range of −70 kpa to −95 kpa below the boiling point of an organic electrolyte; a step of evacuating a temporary storage chamber inside a filling hopper, into which a specified amount of organic electrolyte has been introduced, so as to produce a pressure that is 0.1 kpa to 5 kpa higher than the pressure inside the battery case; and a step of opening a filling hole in the filling hopper and using the pressure difference to fill the battery case with the organic electrolyte from inside the temporary storage chamber via the filling hole and filling nozzles connected thereto.


In one aspect, an example method includes (i) accessing, by a computing device, a first Internet Protocol (IP) address that encodes first attributes of a first profile; (ii) accessing, by the computing device, a second IP address that encodes second attributes of a second profile; (iii) comparing, by the computing device, the first IP address and the second IP address using a network layer communication function; (iv) determining, by the computing device, that a result of the comparing satisfies a threshold condition; and (v) based on the result of the comparing satisfying the threshold condition, providing, by the computing device to another device, an indication of a match between the first profile and the second profile.

In the context of a computer-based system, it can be desirable for the system to compare two data sets to determine whether a match exists so that the system can perform a responsive action.
For example, consider a scenario where a system includes a first client, a second client, and a server, all connected by a packet-based network, such as the Internet. A client-side roommate matching application can be installed on each client, and a corresponding server-side application can be installed on the server. Based on information input by a first user, the first client can generate a first user profile. The first profile can include various types of information, such as an indication of whether the first user is a smoker or whether the first user is seeking more than one roommate, for instance. In the same way, the second client can generate a second user profile.
The server can then determine that the first profile "matches" the second profile so that the server can perform a responsive action, such as sending messages to both users, suggesting that they connect and consider being roommates. To allow the server to determine that such a match exists, the first client can send to the server the first profile as an "application level" communication function (e.g., as an "application layer" function, according to the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model). For example, the first client can send the first profile to the server in the form of a plain text file using the application's API. The second client can send the second profile to the server in the same way. After receiving the two user profiles, the server can compare the user profiles and determine that a match exists based on the profiles being sufficiently similar according to a set of predefined rules. Based on the server determining that a match exists, the server can perform a responsive action.
This approach can present some issues, however. For instance, this approach can create security risks. As one example, malware residing on one of the clients can intercept and misuse the user profile as the user profile is being sent to the server. Likewise, malware residing on the server can intercept and misuse the user profiles as the user profiles are being received from the clients. Another potential issue is that comparing data in this way can be computationally expensive, thus resulting in a significant burden on computing resources. Improvements are therefore desired.


An in-situ emulsification and viscosity increase system with controllable viscosity consists of the following components in percentage by weight: 0.3˜1.5% of emulsifier, 0.05˜0.5% of ultrafine colloidal particles, 0.01˜0.1% of suspending agent and the balance of mineralized water. The emulsifier is one of or a combination of petroleum sulfonate, petroleum carboxylate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate, alkyl glycoside, aliphatic alcohol ether carboxylate, aliphatic alcohol ether sulfonate, hydroxysulfobetaine and alkanolamide. The ultrafine colloidal particles are one of ultrafine silicon dioxide, ultrafine montmorillonoid, ultrafine ferric oxide, ultrafine ferroferric oxide, ultrafine aluminum oxide and ultrafine titanium dioxide. The suspending agent is one of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide, amylose, carboxymethyl chitosan, hydroxymethyl cellulose, xanthan gum and sodium alginate. The system is applicable to a water-flooding oil reservoir with the viscosity of lower than 50 mPa·s, has a very broad coverage scope and outstanding economic benefits and can effectively promote efficient development of water-flooding oil reservoirs.

An oil reservoir developed by water injection is affected by heterogeneity. When the water-flooding sweep degree in a high-permeability area is high, the remaining oil saturation is low; and when the water-flooding sweep degree in a low-permeability area is low, the remaining oil saturation is high (Liu R, Du D, Pu W, et al. Enhanced oil recovery potential of alkyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfonate surfactants in high-temperature and high-salinity reservoirs[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2018, 32:12128-12140). The type of a water-flooding oil reservoir emulsion is closely related to the water content, and an oil-external emulsion is easily formed under a low water content condition; and a water-external emulsion is easily formed under a high water-content condition. Based on the phase-volume ratio theory of uniform emulsion particle size, it is believed that when an internal phase volume fraction reaches a maximum accumulation fraction of spherical particles, the emulsion will undergo a catastrophic phase inversion (Galindo-Alvarez J, Sadtler V, Choplin L, Salager J L. Viscous oil emulsification by catastrophic phase inversion: influence of oil viscosity and process conditions[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2011, 50(9):5575-5583), and the viscosity of the emulsion subjected to catastrophic phase inversion will change significantly.
The viscosity of an emulsion is closely related to the type of the emulsion. Therefore, scholars at home and abroad have carried out extensive research and formed a variety of determination methods, such as a Winsor ratio R value, a hydrophile-lipophile balance value HLB, and a hydrophile-lipophile deviation value HLD. Winsor ratio is mainly used to judge the hydrophilicity and lipophilicity of (natural) emulsifiers. Based on the relative relationship between R and 1, the emulsion system is generally divided into four categories. When R<1, the reaction energy between an emulsifier and an oil phase is smaller than the reaction energy of a water phase, an O/W type emulsion (type I) is easily formed. When R>1, the reaction energy between the emulsifier and the water phase is smaller than the reaction energy of the oil phase, a W/O type emulsion (type II) is easily formed. When R≈1, it is possible to form a system with an organic phase in the upper part, a water phase in the lower part, and a microemulsion in the middle (type III); and it is also possible to form a single-phase homogeneous system in which oil and water exist as a bicontinuous phase or a layered phase. The hydrophile-lipophile deviation value is a numerical expression of a deviation of the optimized formula. The HLD value is similar to the concept of the HLB value, but also takes into account possible changes in the emulsifier itself and the system. According to the definition of the HLD value, when HLD=0 is the point of the optimal formula, the free energy required for the emulsifier to transfer from an oil phase to a water phase is 0 under this condition. When HLD=0, the interfacial tension of the system is at the lowest value and the spontaneous curvature of the system is 0. Any change in the properties of the system, such as temperature, type of emulsifier, properties of crude oil, presence of salts or co-emulsifiers, will cause the system to deviate from optimal values.
In 1903, Ramsden discovered that colloidal-scale solid particles could stabilize emulsions. In 1907, Pickering carried out independent system work on solid phase ion stabilized emulsions. Therefore, emulsions that are stable to a solid phase were called Pickering emulsions. Compared with traditional emulsions, the distinctive features of Pickering emulsions were irreversible interfacial adsorption, strong anti-coalescence stability, super stability for giant emulsions (up to several millimeters), a high concentration of internal phase and irregular rheological characteristics. The size of the emulsion was directly related to the size of the solid particles. Colloidal clay promoted the formation of an O/W or W/O emulsion. Paraffin, silicon dioxide, clay, iron oxide and polymer colloids were stabilized at the interface to stabilize the emulsion. An interfacial film was stabilized through the network of particles or colloids adsorbed at the interface. These were affected by the size, shape, morphology, density, concentration, surface coverage and wettability of the particles. Masalova et al. used polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane POSSAM0275 to form a highly concentrated water-in-oil emulsion (Masalova, I., Tshilumbu, N., Mamedov, E., Kharatyan, E., Katende, J. Stabilisation of highly concentrated water-in-oil emulsions by polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane nanomolecules [J]. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2019, 279, 351-360), wherein the concentration of a dispersed phase was approximately 90% and the oil phase was dodecane. POSSAM0275 nanomolecules can form a brand new interface layer in the emulsion. This interface layer was different from traditional surfactants and has the properties different from those of nanoparticles in an oil-water interface layer.
However, the bulk density of an internal phase of an oil-external emulsion near a phase change point reached its limit (Shi Shenglong, Wang Yefei, Wang Lushan, Jin Yanxin, Wang Tao, Wang Jing. Spontaneous Emulsification Flooding of High-temperature and High-salt oil reservoirs in Shengtuo Oilfield to Increase Oil Recovery Rate [J]. Oilfield Chemistry, 2015, 32(2):242-246), the average median particle size of the emulsion is the largest, and the viscosity of the oil-external emulsion is several to ten times that of crude oil. Kumar, et al. (Kumar R, Dao E, Mohanty K. Heavy-oil recovery by in-situ emulsion formation[J]. SPE Journal, 2012, 17(02):326-334), Alboudwarej et al. (Alboudwarej H, Muhammad M, Shahraki A K, Dubey S, Vreenegoor L, Saleh J M. Rheology of heavy-oil emulsions[J]. SPE Production & Operations, 2007, 22(03):285-293), Tyrode, et al. (Tyrode E, Allouche J, Choplin L, Salager J. Emulsion catastrophic inversion from abnormal to normal morphology. 4. Following the emulsion viscosity during three inversion protocols and extending the critical dispersed-phase concept[J]. Industrial & engineering chemistry research, 2005, 44(1):67-74) studied emulsions of light oil, ordinary heavy oil, and extra-heavy oil, and consistently found that the viscosity of an emulsion near the phase change point can reach several times the viscosity of crude oil. However, the emulsion with excessive viscosity is difficult to spread in a formation, resulting in excessive injection pressure, which seriously affects the production. On the other hand, field practice has shown that the formation of a low-viscosity water-external emulsion in a high-permeability layer and the formation of a high-viscosity oil-external emulsion in a low-permeability layer tend to increase the heterogeneity of a reservoir. Therefore, the important premise for the emulsion to greatly increase the recovery rate is the controllable viscosity in the reservoir. That is, a high-viscosity emulsion is formed in a high water-content layer, which increases the percolation resistance; and a low-viscosity emulsion is formed in a low-permeability layer, which reduces the heterogeneity of the reservoir to increase the sweep coefficients of medium- and low-permeability layers.

Insatiability emulsification and viscosity system with controlled viscosity and its application in water-driven reservoir


The methods track abnormal events on mobile client devices, such as web application crashes, and use that information to associate the abnormal events with device characteristics. A first method executes on mobile client devices. When a web application starts, the method looks for a crash indicator cookie in persistent memory. If the cookie does not exist, the method creates and stores it. If the cookie already exists, the method collects information about the client device, such as device type, browser type, and operating system, and sends the information to a web server. The web application deletes the cookie when the application terminates normally. A second method executes on a web server. This method receives information from client devices relating to abnormal events for web applications. The information includes device characteristics of each client device. This method stores the information and associates a pattern of abnormal events with device characteristics.

Desktop computers have been running application programs for decades. With the introduction of the Internet, web browsers were developed to view web pages. Initially, the task of a browser was just to render static web pages in a visual form. Over time browsers have expanded their capabilities to include dynamic web pages and web applications. Web applications run in a browser, and execute code such as code written in the JAVASCRIPT scripting language.
At the same time that browsers have expanded their functionality, the hardware platforms that can run browsers have also expanded. Currently, users can run web applications in browsers on small mobile devices, such as the IPHONE mobile phone or devices running the Android operating system.
However, web applications running in browsers on mobile client devices are more prone to crash than web applications running on desktop computers, creating a less satisfactory user experience. There are many different browsers and operating systems running on many different mobile devices, and they have not undergone the same extensive user testing of browsers and operating systems that has occurred for desktop computers.
Developers of web applications for mobile devices must therefore address the application crashes and other abnormal events, and have the added difficulty of determining whether the bad events were due to the web application, the browser, the operating system, the physical device, or a combination of these.
Accordingly, there is a need for a method to track abnormal events that occur in web applications on mobile client devices, including sufficient information so that the abnormal events can be associated with identifiable characteristics of the mobile devices.

Tracking remote browser crashes via cookies


A device has two half shells combined with each other and a connecting tab connected between the half shells. Each half shell has a wire-holding portion, a guiding portion and a gripping wing. The wire-holding portion has a semi-circular cross section, and the guiding portion inclinedly protrudes from the top side of the wire-holding portion and has a semi-circular cross section to define a guiding depression between the outer periphery of the wire-holding portion. The gripping wing is formed on the bottom side of the wire-holding portion. Accordingly, wires or cables can be easily and conveniently inserted into a tubular sheath through the device.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a device, and more particularly to a device for conveniently inserting wires into a tubular sheath.
2. Description of Related Art
Wires or cables are very important to transmit power, data or signals to or between electrical apparatuses, such as computers. For example, there are many wires and cables connecting between the power source, the main engine and the I/O device, such as a monitor, a printer, a keyboard, a mouse and so on in a computer system. Without appropriate trimming, the wires and cables spread out to make an unsightly jumble and the tangled mess makes it difficult to trace wiring faults. A conventional way to trim the wires or cables is to bind the wires or cables with ropes. However, the conventional way takes too much time for a person to bind the wires or cables. With reference to FIG. 9, another conventional way to trim the wires (50) or cables is put the sections of wires (50) or cables into a tubular sheath (60) with openable overlapping edges (61,62). The edges (61,62) of the sheath (60) are opened, and sections of the wires (50) and the cables are inserted into the sheath (60). After the opened edges (61,62) are released, the edges (61,62) will automatically close to enclose the sections of the wires (50) in the sheath (60). Consequently, the wires (50) and cables are trimmed together to keep them from spreading out.
However, to open the edges (61,62) of the sheath (60) and to insert the wires (50) or cable into the sheath (60) simultaneously is difficult for a user, such that the use of the sheath (60) is inconvenient.
To overcome the shortcomings, the present invention tends to provide a device for inserting wires into a tubular sheath to mitigate or obviate the aforementioned problems.
The main objective of the invention is to provide a device for inserting wires into a tubular sheath conveniently. The device has two half shells combined with each other and a connecting tab connected between the half shells. Each half shell has a wire-holding portion, a guiding portion and a gripping wing. The wire-holding portion has a semi-circular cross section, and the guiding portion inclinedly protrudes from the top side of the wire-holding portion and has a semi-circular cross section to define a guiding depression between the outer periphery of the wire-holding portion. The gripping wing is formed on the bottom side of the wire-holding portion. Accordingly, wires or cables can be easily and conveniently inserted into a tubular sheath through the device.
Other objects, advantages and novel features of the invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Device for inserting wires into a tubular sheath


In a railway signalling system, the length of a vehicle or train is computed by on board measurement of the distance travelled between detecting the passage of the front of the vehicle or train past a fixed point and detecting the passage of the rear of the vehicle or train past the same fixed point or a fixed point a known distance from the first.

The present invention relates to computing the length of a railway vehicle or a train of such vehicles.
The concept of replacing conventional railway signalling equipment by train carried, point controlling, and interlocking modules inter-connected by radio or other transmission medium is well known. There are however certain practical difficulties, missing elements, and unnecessary complications in the realization of known systems. One such is the method of determining the location of the tail (or rear) of a train for the purposes of authorizing a following train to proceed or of allowing a route which has been traversed to be released.
In some known systems, train location is determined by an on-board train computer by a combination of reference wayside markers such as transponders, loop ends, loop transpositions or the like together with on-board distance measurement derived from an odometer, tachometer or equivalent device such as a reader of closely spaced track-side marks, plates or loop transpositions or the like. The location thus derived is reported to a wayside control computer which uses the information as the basis for generating movement authorities for transmission to trains with reference also to supervisory controls and fixed interlocking data. For the purpose of route release behind a train and to define the limit of proceed authority for a following train it is necessary for the control computer to deduce the location of the rear of the train. In a known system (British Patent Specification No. 2 189 066)/the control computer does this by reference to the "train consist" (i.e. the overall composition of the train) from which train length can be derived. In practice there are difficulties in ensuring that such information is in a sufficiently vital form for use in safety functions. It would be possible to provide equipment at the rear of the train equivalent to that at the front and to report the location of the rear of the train separately from the front, but this would be complicated and expensive and would double the number of mobile identities to be serviced by the communications system. It is also frequently impractical to locate appropriate equipment at the rear of a train.

Computing the length of a railway vehicle or a train of such vehicles

Westinghouse Brake and Signal Holdings Limited


A call processing architecture treats a call connection as having two halves an originating half and a terminating half. An agent is associated with each call half, the originating agent being assigned by a switching center of a telecommunications system to establish the originating half of a call. The originating agent interacts with a translator and router to process the dated digits for a call to route the call to a terminating agent, the terminating agent establishing the terminating half of the call to complete the call connection. An agent interworking protocol (AIP) provides a generic superset protocol containing the common elements and unique elements for all call types so that an originating agent converts its call messages to the AIP and is connected to a terminating agent via an AIP connector, the terminating agent converting the AIP formatted call messages to the native protocol of the terminating agent. Agents for different call types are each able to convert call messages to or translate call messages from the agents's unique protocol to the AIP format and each type of agent does not need to know the type of agent being connected to as communication with other agents is via the AIP.

In wireless communications systems, such as an Analog Mobile Phone System (AMPS) or a Global Standard for Mobile Communications (GSM) system, call processing includes call origination and termination. For example, a call originated by a wireless calling party to a wireline called party must be connected through a mobile communications network, such as a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN), to a land-based communications network, such as a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN). The setup of the call, however, often involves different types of calls (e.g., different trunking protocols such as GSM, ISUP, TIJP and R2) required to establish a call connection, each trunking protocol requiring a call state machine capable of originating and terminating calls for the particular call types. Each call state machine can generate and communicate its own types of messages (e.g., call setup signaling) but the call setup messages for different call types are incompatible with the call setup messages of other call types. Call setup messages include information such as calling party number, called party number, call type (e.g., data or voice) and other information needed by the particular call type.
In conventional communication systems, there may be a single agent, for example a software entity, capable of handling the call messaging for all call types or an agent for each call type involved in establishing a call connection. A problem arises, however, in the interworking of the different external interfaces for different call types as the call signaling for each call type involved in establishing a single call connection may be unique and incompatible with other call type signaling. Thus, in conventional communication systems, each agent (whether a single agent for all call types or a separate agent for each call type) requires knowledge of each call type handled by the communications system, thereby adding complexity to each agent as well as presenting integration and maintainability problems as more call types are added to the communications system.

Agent interworking protocol and call processing architecture for a communications system


The invention relates to a free fall winch comprising a drum, which can be rotationally driven by a winch drive, wherein a free fall brake is provided for braking the drum in free fall operation. According to the invention, a torque acting on the free fall winch, which depends on the free fall braking torque, is detected by means of a detection device, and a brake actuation force with which the free fall brake is actuated is controlled or adjusted by a control device according to the detected torque.

The present invention relates to a free fall winch having a drum that is rotationally drivable by a winch drive, wherein a free fall brake is provided for braking the drum in free fall operation.
Free fall winches are used in different applications in which the rope wound on the drum of the winch or another pulling or hoisting means such as a belt is to be unreeled or lowered at high speeds over longer distances, wherein the drum rotates more or less free of resistance in no-load operation or optionally also with a slight braking due to the gear resistances. Such an unreeling is sometimes called "free fall". It is here at least necessary at the end of the free fall to brake the hoisting drum relatively rapidly to avoid an uncontrolled further unreeling of the rope and as a consequence thereof slack rope on the winch drum and a slipshod, untidy rope appearance.
Such free fall winches can be used, for example, in cable excavators when for example, a compacting mass is dropped to the ground in free fall for soil compaction. For this purpose, for example, with planetary gears used on drums, individual planetary stages are decoupled so that the compacting load reaches the ground with a falling energy that is as high as possible. Briefly before impacting the ground, however, the free fall brake has to be applied so that no slack rope can be produced on the winch drum. This procedure is cyclically repeated at brief intervals, whereby the cooling oil of the free fall brake and the coefficients of friction of the brake blocks change. The excavator operator accordingly has to continuously readjust the braking of the free fall winch.
When working with a dragline bucket, the latter is cast into a quarry pond—in a similar manner to the casting of a fishhook by a fishing rod—by a rotation of the cable excavator superstructure to e.g. to quarry gravel. When the dragline bucket impacts the water surface, the previously released drum has to be braked to avoid slack rope.
With slurry wall grabs, by means of which very deep foundations are excavated, the lowering of the grab takes place at a high, controlled rate of fall, with said rate of fall already having to be controlled by braking the free fall brake during the lowering to control the rate of fall. Due to a heating of the system and a change in the coefficients of friction of the brake blocks, it also becomes necessary here that the braking force of the free fall brake has to be readjusted to lower the rope having the grab linked thereto at a desired speed and in so doing to maintain a certain rope tension.
It is also desirable during different handling work to be able to easily pull off the rope from the free fall winch by hand, for example to fasten the rope to different pieces of equipment. In this respect, frictional forces in the interior of the winch, for example in the region of a gear via which the winch drive drives the drum and in the region of the free fall brake itself also have to be overcome with an open free fall brake. This is in particular practically not possible by hand with cold lubricant having a correspondingly high viscosity so that assistance by the winch drive would be desirable, with this drive assistance of the manual removal in the desired amount depending, however, on the temperature of the lubricant. Whereas greater assistance is required with cold lubricant, a powered removal assistance at the same level with heated lubricant having a still only low viscosity can result in an undesirably fast unreeling.
A free fall winch of the initially named kind is shown, for example, by document EP 0 538 662 B1 in which the winch drive drives the drum via a two-stage planetary transmission that is accommodated in the interior of the drum. A sun gear of one of the planetary stages can here be driven by the winch drive and can, on the other hand, be blocked by a holding brake. A planetary carrier of one of the planetary stages is led out via a shaft from the opposite end of the drum to be able to be braked there by a free fall brake that is supported at the counter-bearing plate.
Free fall winches are furthermore also known that work with only one brake and that use the holding brake simultaneously as a free fall brake. DE 3 223 632 C2, for example, shows a free fall brake whose drum is driven by a hydraulic motor via a two-stage planetary transmission, with the ring gear common to both planetary stages being connected to a braking plate to which the drum brake directly acting on the flanged pulley of the hoisting drum is fastened. With a closed brake, the torque is transmitted to the hoisting drum via the brake and the connection between the motor and the hoisting drum is thus achieved, while the planetary transmission is decoupled from the hoisting drum with an open brake. The described cooling problem, however, remains with this brake arrangement. In addition, high braking forces that have to be transmitted to the drum jacket via the flanged pulley at which the brake engages have to be applied to retain the hoisting drum in load operation, for example when retaining a large raised load.
A Kelly winch is known from document DE 101 16 342 C2 with which the rope pull or a torque associated therewith is monitored at the drum on the unreeling of the rope. For this purpose, the winch drive is generally rotatably supported at the drum, but is supported at the rack via a lever-shaped torque support, with a measurement device detecting the load on the torque support to determine the supported torque. The winch drive is controlled in dependence on the detected load on the torque support such that a certain load on the torque support is not fallen below and thus an accompanying torque is maintained at the drum and a residual tension force is thus correspondingly maintained at the rope to prevent slack rope.
Document DE 10 2014 109 918 A1 furthermore shows a drilling apparatus whose drilling tool can be lowered along a mast by a winch. A hydraulic pump driving the winch is here controlled in dependence on a rope tension force that is measured by means of a force measuring pin at a deflection pulley of the rope.
Starting from this, it is the underlying object of the present invention to provide an improved free fall winch of the initially named kind that avoids disadvantages of the prior art and further develops the latter in an advantageous manner. A stable free fall operation should in particular be made possible independently of fluctuations in the lubricant temperature and lubricant viscosity and changing coefficients of friction of the free fall brake pads. An overload protection of the winch in free fall operation and a simple manual removal operation should furthermore advantageously be made possible.