Embodiments provide on-line non-downloadable software for use by others to access media content, such as musical selections, songs, song hooks, videos, video hooks, audio media, visual media, websites, website content, etc. to solicit listener or viewer participation in surveys to determine listener or viewer approval of the content, musical selections, songs, song hooks, videos, video hooks, audio media, visual media, websites, website content, etc. and to assist in planning future content, musical selection, songs, song hooks, videos, video hooks, audio media, visual media, websites, website content, etc. to be presented on radio, television, movies, websites, released to the public or other media outlets in International Class 042. Time stamping is generally used in conjunction with display of the media content and surveys, allowing for better recordation of user interactions with the media.

Through the vast years of experience in media from on-air (disc-jockey), Music Director, Program Director, National Program Director, Consultant, Sr. VP of Programming, the inventor has created this new software program to help clients do many unique and exciting things which will help media clients improve their products. Software for media may be generally centered around music hooks and basic questions. What the inventor wanted to do was create a system which not only offers a vast number of new and unique features and functions, but provide software that would be attractive to the participant taking the surveys. The software is designed to make for a more compelling, engaging, and user-friendly interface with the variety of options and features that will keep them participating more often, and create a better bond with the client. Also, to create a system that allows clients to conduct surveys, with all the various features, all in one project. (Radio Face-Off and AMT are individual) Only Radio Face-Off and AMT's are done separately. The extensive background in research and programming and consulting in multiple formats of music, as well as websites and software creation, gives the inventor a unique position to provide a product which encompasses all these attributes into an All-In-One solution for clients. Further, the inventor seeks to provide improved survey capabilities that may allow for further refinement of media content available for end-users outside the survey context.


An active imaging system includes a laser transmitter configured to emit light in a plurality of beamlets. A sensor is configured to receive light from the beamlets. A processor is communicably coupled to the sensor and configured to compute images of objects illuminated by the beamlets.

1. Field of the Invention
The field of the present invention relates to active imaging systems that use multiple coherent beams for illuminating and imaging an object.
2. Background
Imaging of objects has been of interest to many civilian and military users for many years. Images can be obtained passively or actively. In general terms, passive imaging uses either naturally occurring electromagnetic rays (e.g., rays of the Sun or the Moon) that reflect or scatter from the object or electromagnetic radiation emanating from the object being imaged, or both. Active imaging, on the other hand, relies on an artificial illumination source which is often part of the imaging system.
One active imaging technique in the art is called Sheared Coherent Interferometric Photography (SCIP). This technique has been described at length in the following publications:    1. R. A. Hutchin. Sheared Coherent Interferometric Photography. A Technique for Lensless Imaging. SPIE Vol. 2029 Digital Image Recovery and Synthesis II (1993) pp. 161-168.    2. D. G. Voelz, J. D. Gonglewski, P. S. Idell. SCIP computer simulation and laboratory verification SPIE Vol. 2029 Digital Image Recovery and Synthesis II (1993) pp. 169-176.SCIP allows near-diffraction limited remote imaging of objects through turbulent media. SCIP utilizes three illuminating beamlets and a detector array comprised of discrete intensity detectors. The advantages of SCIP over conventional imaging techniques include the ability to image through phase aberrating media, for example, the atmosphere, and the potential for implementing large detector arrays that are necessary for long range high resolution imaging. One utility for such a system is imaging space objects (e.g., Earth orbiting satellites) from the ground. Another utility is imaging remote moving objects, such as targets from a moving platform, e.g., missile tracking.
SCIP operation makes use of the physical properties of speckle patterns. A speckle pattern is a random intensity pattern produced by the mutual interference of a set of wavefronts. Speckle patterns are created when a laser beam is scattered off a rough surface. Speckle patterns reflect off an object just like light off a mirror. Thus, if one moves the source 1 mm to the left, the speckle pattern scattered back from the target will move 1 mm to the right. Illuminating the object with three coherent beamlets at the same time results in three nearly identical interfering speckle patterns which can be observed or registered by a suitable sensor. Then by phase modulating the three beamlets with respect to each other, one can measure the phase differences between each of these speckle patterns. If one beamlet is considered the reference source, and another beamlet is shifted 1 mm in the x direction and the remaining beamlet is shifted 1 mm in the y direction, then the demodulated signals at the sensor will provide the discrete complex gradient of the speckle pattern at 1 mm spacing. These gradients can then be reconstructed in a noise-optimized manner to provide an excellent measurement of the full object speckle pattern at the detector plane. A simple Fourier transform will then produce the complex target image.
The algorithm or process used to reconstruct the full speckle field from the complex gradients is called a complex exponential reconstructor. The complex exponential reconstructor is used routinely in adaptive optic systems to provide accurate wavefront reconstructions.
In a typical SCIP system 100, schematically illustrated in FIG. 1, a laser transmitter 115 is configured to emit light at a predetermined wavelength in three beamlets 110 through three transmit apertures 118, and a detector array 130 is configured to receive light 125 scattered by an object 105 illuminated by the beamlets 110. The laser transmitter 115 may be coupled to a laser source 117. The detector array 130 is an array of individual intensity detectors 132. A processor 150 communicates with the detector array 130 and is configured to form images of the object 105 based upon the output from the detector array 160. The processor 150 may also be configured to control the laser transmitter 115. As shown in FIG. 1 detail, the three beamlets 110a, 110b, and 110c emanate from co-planar transmit apertures 118a, 118b, 118c located on the laser transmitter plane 116. A first reference beamlet 110a, a second beamlet 110b sheared in the x direction with respect to the referenced beamlet and a third beamlet 110c sheared in the y direction with respect to the reference beamlet form an "L" spatial pattern. The beamlets 110a, 110b, and 110c are also shifted slightly in frequency with respect to one another. The first reference beamlet 110a has frequency (ν0), the second x-sheared beamlet 110b has frequency (ν0+νx) and the third y-sheared beamlet 110c has frequency (ν0+νy). The frequency differences cause the beamlets to "beat" at the object at the difference frequencies. The beat frequencies are νx, νy, and νx−νy. The frequency shifts are usually very small compared to the actual frequencies of the beamlets. The frequency shifts may be realized using phase modulators included in the laser transmitter 115. The processor 150 may be configured to control the phase modulators associated with the beamlets. The beamlets 110 travel through a turbulent medium 120 and reach the object 105. The object 105 scatters the incident beamlets 110. The scattered laser light 125 produces a modulated speckled intensity pattern 135 at the detector array 130. Speckles are formed since the object surface usually has roughness on the order of the laser wavelength. The detector array 130 measures the spatial and temporal behavior of the modulated speckled intensity pattern 135.
The fields returned from the object can be written as follows:Ao(r,t)=√{square root over (I0)}a(r)exp(jφ(r))exp(j2πν0t)Ax(r,t)=√{square root over (Ix)}a(r+sx)exp(jφ(r+sx))exp(j2π(ν0+νx)t)Ay(r,t)=√{square root over (Iy)}a(r+sy)exp(jφ(r+sy))exp(j2π(ν0+νy)t)  Equation 1where I0, Ix, and Iy are the intensities of the reference, x, and y sheared beamlets (110a, 110b, and 110c), sx and sy are vectors representing the direction and magnitude of the x and y sheared beamlets 110b and 110c, and φ(r) is the phase of the reference beamlet (110a). The function a(r) represents a normalized (real valued) field amplitude so that the spatially averaged value of its intensity is 1.
The return light from these three beamlets are superimposed at the detector array and the resulting measured intensity pattern at point r and time t I(r,t) on the detector array is given by:I(r,t)=|Ao(r,t)+Ax(r+sx,t)+Ay(r+sy,t)|2  Equation 2
Equation 2 can be algebraically evaluated and re-written as follows:
                              I                                (                          r              ,              t                        )                          =                              I            m                                          {                          1              +                                                                    V                    x                                                                          (                    r                    )                                                                                cos                                                        [                                                                  2                                                π                                                                                v                          x                                                                        t                                            +                                              Δ                                                                                ϕ                            x                                                                                (                            r                            )                                                                                ]                                                              +                                                                    V                    y                                                                          (                    r                    )                                                                                cos                                                        [                                                                  2                                                π                                                                                v                          y                                                                        t                                            +                                              Δ                                                                                ϕ                            y                                                                                (                            r                            )                                                                                ]                                                              +                                                                    V                    xy                                                                          (                    r                    )                                                                                cos                                                        [                                                                  2                                                π                                                                                (                                                                                v                              x                                                        -                                                          v                              y                                                                                )                                                                        t                                            +                                              Δ                                                                                ϕ                            xy                                                                                (                            r                            )                                                                                ]                                                                        }                                              Equation                                                  3            where the mean intensity at a point r isIm=I0[a(r)]2+Ix[a(r+sx)]2+Iy[a(r+sy)]2 and the visibility factors areVx(r)=2Im−1√{square root over (I0Ix)}a(r)a(r+sx)Vy(r)=2Im−1√{square root over (I0Iy)}a(r)a(r+sy)Vxy(r)=2Im−1√{square root over (IxIy)}a(r+sx)a(r+sy)and the spatial phase differences are defined byΔφx(r)=φ(r)−φ(r+sx)Δφy(r)=φ(r)−φ(r+sy)Δφxy(r)=φ(r+sx)−φ(r+sy)
FIG. 2 illustrates the SCIP method 200. The process starts with step 210, namely illumination of the object 105. The processor 150 directs the laser transmitter 115 to send three pulsed or continuous beamlets 110 towards the object 105. During this illumination step 210 the processor 150 adjusts the phase modulators controlling the phases of the beamlets 110 in a way that produces slight shifts in the frequency of the outgoing beamlets 110. Next, at step 220, the detector array 130 receives and captures frames of modulated speckled intensity patterns 135. The measured speckled intensity pattern I(r,t) is a superposition of three patterns as defined above in Equation 2. The detector array measurements 160 are communicated to the processor 150. The measurements 160 which have been defined as I(r,t) can be demodulated at the beat frequencies νx, νy, and νx−νy to yield estimates of the intensity visibilities and phase differences also defined in Equation 3. The optical field amplitude of one of the beamlets (e.g., a(r)) can then be obtained from the visibility estimates. The optical phase of the wavefront (e.g., φ(r)) can be found using the phase difference estimates. Accordingly, at step 230, the processor 150 demodulates the measurements 160 to yield estimates of intensity visibilities and phase differences 232.
Several algorithms have been developed to recover the field amplitude and phase from the intensity measurements which are commonly collected and stored as a time series of samples. Three or four time samples per cycle of the highest beat frequency are typically considered adequate to determine the phase of the beat signal. Demodulation of beat frequencies can be done using a Fourier transform of the time series at each detector 132.
Once visibility and phase difference values are computed, the next step 240 is reconstructing the wavefront, that is, recovering the optical field amplitude and phase. The reconstructed wavefront is often an estimate of A0(r,t) as defined in Equation 1. At the following step 250, the reconstructed wavefront is inverse Fourier transformed and the squared modulus is computed to yield a two dimensional snapshot image 252. This two dimensional snapshot image 252 is often speckled. As explained earlier, this is due to the object surface having roughness on the order of the laser wavelength. A series of snapshot images 254 can be collected, registered, and averaged as shown in process 260 to reduce speckle noise in the final two dimensional image 262.
The SCIP system and method described above has two fundamental limitations. First, it can be used to make two dimensional images only. Since the two dimensional image generated by SCIP is a projection of the three dimensional object 105 onto a two dimensional image plane, the surface contours of the object 105 are not available. To obtain surface contours, one would need to compute the range to object 105 at multiple two dimensional image pixels. Second, even though it is virtually immune to turbulence effects near the detector array, SCIP is adversely impacted by turbulence, in particular anisoplanatic and scintillation effects.


A system for real-time steering of a drill bit includes a drilling arrangement and a computing device in communication with the drilling arrangement. The system iteratively, or repeatedly, receives new data associated the wellbore. At each iteration, a model, for example an engineering model, is applied to the new data to produce an objective function defining the selected drilling parameter. The objective function is modified at each iteration to provide an updated value for the selected drilling parameter and an updated value for at least one controllable parameter. In one example, the function is modified using Bayesian optimization The system iteratively steers the drill bit to obtain the updated value for the selected drilling parameter by applying the updated value for at least one controllable parameter over the period of time that the wellbore is being formed.

A well (e.g., an oil or gas well) includes a wellbore drilled through a subterranean formation. The conditions inside the subterranean formation where the drill bit is passing when the wellbore is being drilled continuously change. For example, the formation through which a wellbore is drilled exerts a variable force on the drill bit. This variable force can be due to the rotary motion of the drill bit, the weight applied to the drill bit, and the friction characteristics of each strata of the formation. A drill bit may pass through many different materials, rock, sand, shale, clay, etc., in the course of forming the wellbore and adjustments to various drilling parameters are sometimes made during the drilling process by a drill operator to account for observed changes.

Iterative real-time steering of a drill bit


A case for a dental treatment device includes a bottom panel having an inner surface and an outer surface. The inner surface of the bottom panel defines a first concave portion that corresponds to a shape of a bottom of the dental treatment device. The first concave portion forms a corresponding first convex portion of the outer surface of the bottom panel. The case also includes a top panel having an inner surface and an outer surface. The inner surface of the top panel defines a second concave portion that corresponds to a shape of a top of the dental treatment device. The second convex portion forms a corresponding second convex portion of the outer surface of the top panel.

Dental treatment devices are oftentimes stored in a case when not in use. One conventional case is substantially egg-shaped and includes a top panel and a bottom panel. An inner surface of the bottom panel includes a plurality of posts that extend upward therefrom toward the top panel. When the case is in an open position, the dental treatment device may be inserted therein, and the posts hold the dental treatment device in place. The bottom panel and the top panel are hinged together to allow the case to be closed to store the dental treatment device until the user is ready to use it again. The posts may not guide the dental treatment device into the proper position when the dental treatment device is initially misaligned, which may prevent the case from being closed.


An enclosed type electric compressor comprising an electric motor, a compressor and an enclosing vessel that contains said electric motor and said compressor therein, wherein a drive spindle of said compressor is linked with a rotor of said electric motor, said drive spindle is supported and a fixing member that is an element of said compressor is pressed into and fixed at the outer periphery of one end of a stator of said electric motor, a bearing frame by which the other end of said drive spindle is supported is pressed into and fixed at the outer periphery of the other end of said stator, and said fixing member and the outer peripheral portion of said pressing and fixing part of said stator on said bearing frame are pressed into and fixed on the inner wall of said enclosing vessel, said respective component parts being concentric so that the axial centers thereof are aligned with each other, so that scattering of the clearance between the stator and the rotor can be decreased, thereby causing balance of electromagnetic attraction force operating therebetween to be maintained and preventing abnormal overload and abnormal vibrations due to biased electromagnetic attraction force, and thus the compressor has high compression efficiency, excellent durability, low vibration, and little noise.

1. Field of the invention:
The present invention relates to an enclosing type electric compressor.
2. Description of the prior art:
It is well known that in a scroll compressor having low vibration and low noise characteristics a suction chamber is provided at the outer periphery thereof, a discharge port is installed at the center of an eddy thereof, the compressed fluid may flow only in one way, and this scroll compressor does not need a discharge valve to compress fluid as provided in a reciprocation type or a rotary type compressor and does not require any large space for discharge since the compression load fluctuation and discharge pulsation of the scroll compressor are comparatively small.
Such a structure of this kind as shown in FIG. 4 is well known as a compressor with a high pressure gas-enclosed vessel. This conventional structure is so composed that a drive spindle 207 is supposed on the internal wall of a cylindrical portion of an enclosed casing 226 as fixing means of a compression portion and an electric motor and as supporting means of the drive spindle 207 onto a thin steel-made enclosing casing 226 having good extensibility, which has been produced for lightening the weight of components and lowering the production costs, the extreme outer peripheral portion of steel-made frame 203 having good rigidity, by which stationary scroll 202 is fixed, is pressed and fixed therein, a stator 216 of the electric motor is fixed with bolts (not shown) at the lower part of the frame 203, and the drive spindle 207 is supported by means of bearings 218 and 214 of the projection 299 toward the side of the electric motor. (Japanese Laid-Open Pat. Publication No. 59-110884).
Also, as shown in FIG. 5, in another structure that a stator of the electric motor 303 is pressed and fixed on the internal wall of the enclosing casing 301, the outer peripheral portion of the frame 306 of the compression portion by which the drive spindle 307 is supported is pressed and fixed at the lower internal wall of the enclosing casing 301, and the drive spindle 307 is supported by the projection 399 at the electric motor side of the frame 306 is known, too. (Japanese Laid-Open Pat. Publication No. 57-8386).
However, in such a construction a stator 216 whose weight is comparatively heavy, is fixed only at the end of the frame 203 as shown in FIG. 4, the clearance between the outer periphery of a rotor 215 of the electric motor and the inner periphery of the stator 216 is imbalanced, and fluctuation may be generated in force by which the rotor 215 is electrically attracted to the stator 216 when the drive spindle 207 supported by the bearings 218 and 214 rotates, thereby causing the drive spindle to be bent. Furthermore, load operating on the bearings 218 and 214 and an electromagnetic reaction force operating on the fixing end portion of electric motor of the frame 203 fluctuate and become excessive by overlapping the centrifugal force of the rotor 215 thereon. For this reason, the frame 203 and the enclosing case 226 vibrate and cause noises. In addition, as the bearing of the drive spindle 207 is supported only by the frame 203, the distance between the bearings 218 and 214 cannot be sufficiently long and the angles of inclination of the drive spindle, which may be generated within the range of the clearance of the bearings, become large. For this reason, biased contact may occur on the sliding surface of the bearings 218 and 214, thereby causing the bearings to be exposed to abnormal wearing and seizure.
In such a construction that the stator of the electric motor 303 and the frame 306 of the compression portion are separately pressed and fixed on the inner wall of the cylindrical portion of the enclosing casing 301 and the drive spindle 307 is supported only by the frame 306 as shown in FIG. 5, there is a problem that electromagnetic vibrations of the electric motor 303 and vibrations of the frame 306, resulting from scattering of the clearance between the stator and the rotor of the electric motor 303 as well as in the above case, may spoil various characteristics of a scroll compressor such as low vibration, low noise, high efficiency and high reliability.
As a method to remove the above-mentioned problems, USP 4,160,629 discloses a scroll compressor with a construction that the drive spindle is supported at both the ends of an electric motor. In this case, the enclosing case, the electric motor and bearings at two points are separately composed, and it is very difficult to attain completed axial alignment among these components, resulting in such various problems as biased contact of the bearings, an increase in input and a lowering of durability. Thus, it has been highly expected that an enclosed type electric compressor having high compression efficiency, high durability, low vibration, and little noise will be developed.


A self-propelled swather has a frame mounted on ground wheels with a header in front which discharges between the wheels. A swath conveyor belt is located underneath the frame and arranged to convey the cut crop across the frame to a first discharge side of the frame. A mounting assembly including a beam across the belt and a lift arm mounts the swath conveyor for movement between a raised storage position in which the belt is horizontal underneath the frame and a lowered operating position in which the belt is inclined forwardly and downwardly while at the same time causing the beam to twist to cause the inlet end of the belt to move forwardly further than the discharge end to a forwardly inclined position between the front wheels.

It is well-known that self-propelled swathers include a tractor in the form of a tractor frame carried on a pair of widely spaced front driven ground wheels together with widely spaced rear castor wheels. At the front of the frame is mounted a header extending across the frame for cutting the standing crop with the header generally having components which convey the crop material inwardly to a discharge opening between the front wheels so that the crop material is discharged in a windrow or swath between the wheels of the tractor.
In some cases the tractor carries a set of conditioning rollers behind the discharge opening for the crop material to be crushed or otherwise conditioned from improved drying action.
It is becoming more popular to utilize a conveyor underneath the frame of the tractor which acts, when activated, to transport the windrow from a position underneath the frame to a position of one side of the frame so that the windrow can be combined with another window or more than one windrow where other windrows are arranged alongside one another to be picked up simultaneously either for collection in a forage harvesting system or for baling.
A number of different arrangements are known for this conveyor which is also commonly known as a "double windrow attachment" or "DWA".
In U.S. Pat. No. 5,031,393 (Rostoucher) issued Jul. 16, 1996; U.S. Pat. No. 5,351,468 (Pominville) issued Oct. 4, 1994; U.S. Pat. No. 6,145,289 (Welsch) issued Nov. 14, 2000 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,679,038 (Walch) issued Jan. 20, 2004 are provided designs of double windrow attachment for windrowers which allow movements generally upwardly and downwardly from a lowered operating position to a raised retracted position.
In U.S. Pat. No. 6,415,590 (Lohrentz) issued Jul. 9, 2002 is shown a self-propelled windrower where the conveyor has a fixed rear beam along a rear edge of the upper run of the belt and pivots about this fixed beam so that the front edge of the belt pivots upwardly and forwardly from a lowered operating position in which the belt is inclined forwardly and downwardly to a raised retracted position.
Another arrangement mounted on a self-propelled tractor is shown in drawings of a device manufactured by Assignee of the present application in which the conveyor does not pivot about a fixed axis but instead is mounted on links which allow the whole conveyor to move upwardly and forwardly from the lowered operating position to a raised position. This design is based upon a previous arrangement manufactured by Sharp's Welding and Mechanical Works in Stanfield, Ariz. The Sharp's device is also shown in photographs.
It is highly desirable that the conveyor be movable from an operating position in which the conveyor belt is inclined forwardly and downwardly and extends across the frame to a retracted position in which the conveyor is removed from the path of the crop material. However this movement is seriously constrained by the construction of tractor in that the conveyor in both positions must be clear of the wheels and must move to a properly retracted position and to a properly located operating position.

Operating and storage positions of a swather conveyor


A method of testing for leaks within substantially the entirety of a piping system of a building or a section thereof. The method comprises isolation of a main of the piping system and removal of the building fixtures. Optionally, a line trace and/or a dye test may be implemented. The method further comprises purging the piping system to at least partially reduce or eliminate entrapped air. The method further comprises sealing the plumbing outlets of the piping system and filling the piping system up to a predetermined elevation above a highest fitting connection or up to the highest serviceable point of the system. The method further comprises inspecting the piping system for leaks after a predetermined period of time, which may be anywhere from immediately after filling the piping system to about twenty minutes thereafter.

In various industries, including the construction industry and in home building, piping systems are often times susceptible to leaks. Such piping systems may include drainage systems, sanitary systems, water supply systems, fire sprinkler systems, and/or any other related system. Leaks may occur for various reasons, including the fact that piping systems may decay, may have faulty components such as connections or fixtures, may comprise faulty installations or may otherwise be susceptible to damage for example, due to settling of the foundation system. Other more drastic events that may also create leaks include flooding, fires or hurricanes, which may affect the integrity of the underlying piping system. Accordingly, often times it becomes necessary to test the underlying piping system to ascertain the location of a leak. Testing may need to be done as a part of a routine operation. Alternatively, testing may need to be done if a leak is known to exist but its location has not been identified. Often times, it is impossible to determine the precise location of an existing leak when implementing a hydrostatic test around sections of a building. Thus, an advantage in the industry may be realized by providing a testing method that may be used to test an entire piping system in a hydrostatic condition. A further benefit would be realized by providing a testing method that may be implemented in connection with an isolated main of the underlying piping system such that the piping system may also be isolated from a municipal system and may be tested in its entirety.

Method of testing for leaks in the piping system of a building


An image processing device includes: a luminance saturation position detection unit which detects a luminance saturation position that is a position in a captured image at which a luminance value is greater than a predetermined value; a luminance gradient detection unit which detects a luminance gradient around the luminance saturation position; a light source image estimation unit which estimates a luminance distribution on an imaging surface, based on (i) an image at the luminance saturation position, (ii) a point spread function image which corresponds to the luminance saturation position, and (iii) the luminance gradient, such that the luminance value increases as the luminance gradient increases, the luminance distribution being formed by an object whose image is captured at the luminance saturation position; and an unnecessary light subtraction unit which subtracts a luminance value of unnecessary light from the captured image by using the luminance distribution.

When an image of a bright object is captured by an imaging device that captures an object, unnecessary light in a captured image can be large enough to be visible, adversely affecting the captured image. Especially when a diffractive lens having a diffraction grating is used, the unnecessary light can be larger than when an aspheric lens is used. For example, unnecessary light that looks like a double image can appear in the captured image, when a light source such as a fluorescent lamp is captured.
Examples of conventional techniques that reduce such unnecessary light by image processing include techniques described in Patent Literatures (PTLs) 1 and 2. According to PTL 1, the unnecessary light is estimated based on a convolution integral of a captured image and a point spread function (PSF) image of unnecessary order light (zeroth order light and second order light) of a diffractive lens. Then, the estimated unnecessary light component is subtracted from the captured image. The unnecessary light is thus reduced from the captured image.
According to PTL 2, a plurality of images is captured with different exposure times. The unnecessary light is estimated based on an image captured with a short exposure time, and the estimated unnecessary light component is subtracted from an image captured with a long exposure time. The unnecessary light is thus reduced from the image captured with a long exposure time.

Image processing device, imaging device, and image processing method


An apparatus, a method and a storage medium for carrying out a deskew among multiple lanes for use in a division transmission of large-capacity data. The method comprises the steps of detecting alignment characters from data streams on a lane-by-lane basis, determining whether a skew among the lanes is generated by comparing reception points of the alignment characters for respective lanes, if the skew among the lanes is generated, storing the alignment characters in a first storage column of a shift register on the lane-by-lane basis and storing data being subsequent to the alignment characters in a second storage column, at a time of a last alignment character detection, setting a last storage section on the lane-by-lane basis and indicating an alignment completion, shifting the data to output the data stored in the first storage column when the data is inputted into the last storage section, and intactly outputting the data streams before the deskew is completely accomplished in the storage device and outputting the aligned data streams after the deskew is completely accomplished.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a data transmission/reception technique in a 10 Gbps optical fiber channel and a physical layer of a 10 Gbps Ethernet, and more particularly to an apparatus and a method for carrying out a deskew among multiple lanes for use in a division transmission of large-capacity data, which can parallel process multiple lanes having a bit rate of several Gbps by carrying out a deskew among the multiple lanes in a case of the division transmission of the larger-capacity data and performing a high-speed transmission of more than the bit rate of 10 Gbps.
2. Description of the Related Art
A communication environment mainly relying on a local area network (LAN) needs an increased bandwidth in these days but there are limitations in an existing 10/100 Mbps Ethernet being constructed. Accordingly, an Ethernet system having communication capacity of more than a bit rate of 1 Gbps is strongly needed.
In response to such a need, a 10 Gbps Ethernet system has been developed. A physical layer of a 10 GBASE-X 10 Gbps Ethernet system such as the 10 Gbps Ethernet system is made up of a physical coding sublayer (PCS), a physical media attachment (PMA) sublayer and a physical media dependent (PMD) sublayer.
Among these sublayers, the PCS is used for parallel processing four 8B/10B lanes.
However, when an optical module transmits data over the PCS and the PMA, the data is transmitted to the four lanes separated from each other after the data is coded, the four lanes acting as one data channel having a bit rate of 10 Gbps. At this time, a skew among parallel lanes is caused in a reception side.
As described above, a division transmission of large-capacity data is necessary for transmitting the data having a bit rate of more than 10 Gbps in a digital signal level but a conventional Gbps multi-channel technique can not address the skew among the lanes where one large-capacity channel is divisionally transmitted to the four lanes composed of independent character streams.
Because it has been limited to several Gbps communication, communication within the PCS is accomplished on a byte-by-byte basis (at every 10 bits after coding) and therefore that a deskew can only be implemented on a bit-by-bit basis. For the sake of the divisional transmission of a number of character streams in a high-speed data transmission of more than 10 Gbps, there is needed a new alignment method based on a byte-by-byte or character-by-character basis as well as a skew compensation based on a bit-by-bit basis within a bus. However, a practical alignment method for aligning the four 8B/10B lanes has not been suggested up to now.
For example, prior-art problems are as follows.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a physical coding sublayer (PCS) of a prior-art 10 GBASE-X 10 Gbps Ethernet receiver. The PCS of the prior-art 10 GBASE-X 10 Gbps Ethernet is made up of a synchronization function block 101, a deskew function block 102 and a decoding function block 103.
The synchronization function block 101 receives control signals representing a detection of a signal on each lane and 10 bit parallel signals as data streams from a physical media attachment (PMA) sublayer and detects a comma character of an 8B/10B code contained in the received signals to output the control signals C1 representing a synchronization status of each lane, respectively, and the received data streams.
Thereafter, the deskew function block 102 receives the control signals C1 and the data streams to recognize whether alignment characters of the data streams appear in all the lanes and then outputs control signals C2 representing that the skew has been adjusted or has not been adjusted along with the data streams.
Finally, the decoding function block 103 decodes the data streams received from the deskew function block 102 to 8B/10B codes and provides a medium access control (MAC) part with the decoded data streams.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating a deskew process in the prior-art 10 GBASE-X 10 Gbps Ethernet receiver. If the synchronization function block 101 fails a reset or synchronization process (sync_status='FAIL'), a procedure of the deskew process enters step 201 of "loss_of_alignment" as an initial status, and a control signal "enable_deskew" of a TRUE signal is outputted to enable the deskew process at the above step 201.
However, when the control signal "enable_deskew" is the TRUE signal, there is no way in which the deskew process can be carried out. Where the deskew process is once applied to a character stream or the skew is generated in the character stream, an alignment status of the character stream is monitored. Then, it is recognized whether a character stream ∥A∥ aligned three times has been detected through the monitoring of the alignment status of the character stream, the character stream ∥A∥ being composed of four characters /A/ aligned in an 8B/10B code, and any information about the alignment status is reported. Conventionally, only the above description is known.
In other words, only a function of monitoring the alignment status and reporting the information about the alignment status is suggested in the prior art and the deskew cannot be accomplished in the prior art.
FIG. 3 is a timing chart showing output signals having a skew to be outputted from the synchronization function block 101 of the PCS contained in the prior-art 10 GBASE-X 10 Gbps Ethernet receiver. The data streams by the 8B/10B coding are transmitted to the four independent lanes. At this time, where the data streams are transmitted from a transmission function block of the PCS through an optical fiber channel and an electrical channel, the alignment characters (e.g., /A/) contained in the data streams have the skew at different times as shown in FIG. 3.
However, there is a problem that the skew among the lanes cannot be addressed by the prior art.

Apparatus, method and storage medium for carrying out deskew among multiple lanes for use in division transmission of large-capacity data

Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute


A method for communication includes performing by one or more circuits integrated within a single chip in a first communication device, functions that include storing media and meta-data corresponding to the stored media. The storing may occur at a first location of the first communication device. A channel guide including representations of the stored media that can be selected for presentation on a television in a second location, may be caused based on the meta-data corresponding to the stored media when the first communication device is communicatively coupled to a second communication device at the second location. In response to receiving a selection via the presented channel guide, at least one media file corresponding to the received selection may be displayed based on the meta-data corresponding to the stored media, on one or both of the television and/or a media player in the second location.

A personal computer (PC) may be utilized to consume various types of media including images, video and audio. Files of various media, referred to as media files, may be downloaded to a personal computer from various sources including other personal computers, media peripherals such as digital cameras and personal digital assistants (PDAs), host system or servers, or from web sites on the Internet. Media files such as those downloaded from a first personal computer, may be saved to a portable storage medium such as a floppy disk, a memory card, a compact flash memory card, a compact disc (CD), and/or a digital versatile disc (DVD), for example. A floppy disk, memory card or compact disc, for example, may be manually transported to a second personal computer that is remotely located from the first personal computer. The media files on the floppy disk, memory card and/or CD may then be saved and/or consumed on the second personal computer. Once on the second computer, the media files may again be transported to a third location via, for example, the floppy disk or the memory card. The floppy disk may be utilized to store digital image files, the compact disc to store digital music files and the digital versatile disc to store movies. Accordingly, the types of media files may play a role in the type of media that may be utilized to transport the files.
A compact disc may also be transported to a compact disc player at a location that is remote from the first personal computer and stored media files on the compact disc may be consumed on the compact disc player. Similarly, a digital versatile disc may be transported to a DVD player at a location remote from the first personal computer and media that are stored on the DVD may be consumed by the DVD player and viewed on a television coupled to the DVD player. For example, the DVD may store digital video of a child's sporting event that was recorded by the child's father with a digital camcorder, downloaded to a personal computer, and saved to the DVD. Accordingly, it may be recognized that different types of consumable media often require different types of portable storage media and different types of media players to consume the stored media.
Further limitations and disadvantages of conventional and traditional approaches will become apparent to one of skill in the art, through comparison of such systems with some aspects of the present invention as set forth in the remainder of the present application with reference to the drawings.

Portable media processing unit in a media exchange network


A photovoltaic (PV) sub-generator junction box (1) for a PV system (100) comprises a plurality of electric terminals (11) for optionally connecting one respective PV string (2) of one or more serially connected PV modules (3). Said PV sub-generator junction box (1) further comprises a sub-generator line terminal (12) for connecting a PV sub-generator line (4) of a remote central PV inverter (5) or connecting a PV sub-generator line (4) of an inserted PV generator junction box (6). The PV sub-generator junction box (1) also comprises an electronic control unit (10) that is connected to a central control unit (7) of the PV inverter (5) in order to exchange data (DAT0). According to the invention, the PV sub-generator junction box (1) comprises a power line modem (8) for feeding and retrieving the data (DAT) via the PV sub-generator line (4).

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a PV sub-generator junction box for a photo voltaic (PV) system comprising a plurality of electrical connections for connection to a PV string of one or more PV modules connected in series. The PV sub-generator junction box comprises a sub-generator line terminal for connecting a PV sub-generator line of a remote central PV inverter or for connecting a PV sub-generator line of an intermediate PV generator junction box. The PV sub-generator junction box further comprises an electronic control unit which is connected by a data link to a central control unit of the remote control PV inverter for exchange of data.
The invention further relates to a PV generator junction box having a plurality of sub-generator line terminals for connection to a respective PV sub-generator line of a PV sub-generator junction box. The PV generator junction box includes a main line terminal for connecting a PV main DC voltage line of a remote central PV inverter. The PV generator junction box features at least one main circuit breaker for disconnecting the PV main DC voltage line and/or at least one group circuit breaker for disconnecting the respective PV sub-generator line.
The invention further relates to a PV inverter for a PV system which features at least one sub-generator line terminal for connection to a respective PV sub-generator line or a plurality of PV sub-generator lines and/or for connecting a respective PV main DC voltage line of an intermediate PV generator junction box. The PV inverter features a grid connection for connecting the PV inverter to a power supply network. The PV inverter also features a central control unit for controlling the PV inverter as well as for transmitting data to the plurality of PV sub-generator junction boxes linked to the central control unit via a data link.
Moreover, the invention relates to a PV system with at least one such central PV inverter and with a plurality of such PV sub-generator junction boxes.
2. Description of the Related Art
International patent application WO 02/093655 A1 discloses a photovoltaic system having a plurality of solar modules and a central inverter for feeding power into a public power grid. The solar modules each feature an integrated high-frequency energy transmitter, each of which can be electromagnetically coupled to a high-frequency energy receiver, i.e., on transformational paths. The energy transmitter and the energy receiver are preferably a primary-side and a secondary-side pot coil, able to be coupled over an air gap. The inverter has one or more power cables on which the energy receivers are arranged distributed along the power cable. The energy receivers feed in parallel into the power cable with a DC voltage if a solar module with an energy transmitter is connected to these modules. For voltage regulation of the DC voltage present on the power cable the inverter has a measurement device and a control device, with the voltage being regulated by corresponding activation of an H bridge of the inverter. The inverter also includes a circuit for data communication for receiving data over the power cable. In addition, the photovoltaic system disclosed in WO 02/093655 A1 includes a data bus for data transport. Here, the data transmission can be based on high-frequency electromagnetic coupling. Data is transported between the energy transmitters and the energy receivers.
US 2004/0167676 A1 discloses a method and a device for controlling and managing current generators. Here, the device sends a request over the Internet to the respective current generator as to how much electrical power these are currently generating and feeding into the power supply network. The respective current generators return an appropriate power figure over the Internet. FIG. 3 of US 2004/0167676 discloses a current generator which has a first power line modem. Here, the current generator is plugged by a conventional power grid cable into a socket for electrical feed into a public power grid. The socket and a second power line modem connected to the Internet are installed in a house or the like. The second power line forwards requests received over the Internet to the first power line modem and returns power information obtained to the requesting device.
German publication DE 198 59 732 A1 discloses a method for data transmission between a photovoltaic system with at least one solar module and with a central unit. Here, the central unit can be located in a meter box, for example. The data is transmitted between the at least one solar module and a central unit alternately with the energy generated by the at least one solar module. In the disclosed photovoltaic system, the inverters are already integrated into the solar module. As a result, the respective solar module can be connected directly to the public power supply network. Here, data is only transmitted between the respective inverters and the central unit if the power feed has been interrupted beforehand by operating a switch. By addressing the solar modules, the respective operating data of the solar modules can be interrogated by a computer.
International patent application WO 03/071655 A1 discloses that local energy generating systems, such as PV systems, multiply feed into a high-voltage energy supply network in parallel over a local network and a low voltage local network transformer. Here, the energy generation system includes a load breaker on its load side by which the respective energy supply system can be disconnected from the local network. To monitor the local energy supply systems for overload states or network faults, WO 03/071655 explains that the amplitudes and the frequency of the chained low voltages are measured on the three-phase low-voltage side of the local network transformer. The measured values that are determined are transmitted as digitally-coded data signals over the local network to all energy generation systems. On the load side, the amplitude and the frequency of the three-phase output voltage are likewise measured and compared with the measured values transmitted over the local network as data signals. FIG. 5 of this publication discloses a measurement receiver for receiving measurement data by a power line modem over the three-phase local network of a public power grid. The measurement receiver is connected on the network side to an inverter of the respective energy generation system.
Known photo voltaic PV systems or also solar arrays mostly comprise a central PV inverter and a plurality of series-connected PV modules. Typically around 10 to 20 PV modules are connected in series into a PV string to achieve a useful array voltage for the PV inverter of around 1,000 V. The PV inverter converts the input DC voltage into a single-phase grid voltage, preferably into a three-phase grid voltage for feeding into the power supply grid.
To minimize power losses the PV inverter is typically arranged in the center of the PV system. The PV modules are preferably arranged in the shape of a star around the PV inverter. There can also be a number of PV inverters. With PV systems with a maximum feed-in power of more than 100 KW, especially of more than 1 MW, there is a plurality of PV sub-generator junction boxes which, on the one hand, are each connected through a PV sub-generator line to the central PV inverter and which, on the other hand, are each connected to a plurality of PV modules connected in series into a PV string. Typically a few strings of PV modules, such as eight, are connected to a PV sub-generator junction box.
With especially large PV systems having an electrical feed power of several Megawatts, further PV generator junction boxes can be connected between the many PV sub-generator junction boxes and the central PV generator junction box. A number of PV sub-generator junction boxes can branch off from such a PV generator junction box. The number of PV sub-generator junction boxes typically ranges between 16 and 100.
A PV sub-generator junction box includes a plurality of electrical terminals for connecting the many PV string lines. The ends of the respective PV string lines can be placed on and attached to the terminals. Furthermore, the PV sub-generator junction box typically features a sub-generator line terminal for connecting a PV sub-generator line having a cable diameter which is a multiple thicker than the cable diameter of a PV string line.
Also known from the prior art are PV sub-generator junction boxes featuring an electronic control unit, i.e., a current detection and monitoring unit. Such control units typically feature a processor or microcontroller to transfer locally-recorded data, such as string current measurement values, array voltage measurement values, temperature measurement values or switching or auxiliary contact signals, to a central control unit of the PV inverter for higher-level open-loop and closed-loop control. In the reverse direction of the respective control unit, a PV sub-generator junction box can receive control data from the central control unit of the PV inverter in order, for example, to be able to activate actuators for solar adjustment of the PV modules or switching means, such as contactors.
The plurality of PV sub-generator junction boxes results in a plurality of signal or data lines, i.e., a plurality of bus lines having to be routed from the central PV inverter to the respective PV sub-generator junction box. It is frequently the case that the signal or data lines usually laid jointly with the PV sub-generator lines in a cable duct demand significantly more space than the PV sub-generator lines themselves. Laying the cables for such a PV system is accordingly cost-intensive, tedious and complex.
A known solution to this problem is to provide a wireless data connection, i.e., between the central PV inverter and the respective PV sub-generator junction box. Because of the screening effect of the PV modules, such data connections are extremely uncertain.

PV sub-generator junction box, PV generator junction box, and PV inverter for a PV system, and PV system


Mobile terminal (302) provides information resources to other mobile terminals (310), Internet (306), and Internet browser (308). WAP push mechanisms including Session Initiation Request (SIR) and Service Loading (SL) are implemented through Wireless Access Protocol (WAP) gateway/HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) proxy 304to facilitate HTTP information transfer between mobile server (302) and the other network terminals (310 and 308).

The mobile communications industry has seen a virtual explosion of growth over the past decade. The mobile terminal itself has evolved from a simplistic device offering two-way voice communications, to a device that offers rich content communication capability including, for example, color pictures, audio, music, and video clips.
The catalyst for such rich content capability began with the Short Messaging Service (SMS), which is still widely used today. With SMS, users are able to transport limited types of content including text, ringing tones, and small monochrome bit map displays using a store and forward model. In particular, the SMS message is first received by a Short Messaging Service Center (SMSC), which acts as the store and forward unit. Once the recipient becomes able to receive the message, the SMSC delivers the message to the recipient without any intervention from the recipient. The Multimedia Message Service (MMS) adds to the SMS capability by facilitating the use of richer content types including image formats such as the Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) and the Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) as well as audio, music, and video clips. MMS is used for rich content exchange between Web applications and mobile devices and between the Internet and mobile devices.
As the functional capabilities of the mobile terminal continue to develop, they will not only be able to download information from Web applications and the Internet, but the mobile terminal itself will become a source of information for other network components. In particular, the advanced mobile terminals available today are already capable of capturing images, creating video clips, and recording audio through the use of integrated camera and microphone resources within the mobile terminal itself. The capabilities of tomorrow's mobile terminal are restricted only by the imagination of those responsible for their design. In the near future, the mobile terminal will become an alternative form of resource storage, including storage for downloaded resources, acquired resources, locally created resources, and recreated resources, i.e., those resources created through the combination of other resource types.
Information exchange within the Internet is performed through the use of the HTTP, where an Internet Protocol (IP) address is provided to each network entity involved in the HTTP information transfer. Mobile terminals, however, are not addressed by an IP address, but are rather addressed by their Mobile Station Integrated Services Digital Network Number (MSISDN). Thus, direct transfer of information from the mobile terminal to users of the Internet via HTTP is virtually impossible.
Prior art methods of information exchange with mobile terminals require the use of a Personal Computer (PC) that is connected to the Internet. In such an instance, pictures and other information contained within the mobile terminal must first be transferred to the PC via a proximity connection such as infrared, Bluetooth, or conventional wired connections such as RS232 or RS485. Once transferred, the information must then be transferred to a Web server to enable storage and access via the Internet. Users of the Internet may then employ conventional HTTP methods to access the Web server to eventually upload the transferred information from the Web server. As such, mobile terminals today are incompatible with HTTP information exchange for several reasons.
In order to facilitate HTTP transfer of information directly from a mobile terminal to users of the Internet, several problems must be addressed. First, routing of HTTP requests to mobile terminals is a challenge due to the lack of IP address capability for mobile terminals. Mobile terminals are not assigned fixed IP addresses currently and it is expected that IP addresses for mobile terminals will not be assigned for quite some time to come. Additionally, no HTTP server functionality currently exists for mobile terminals today and the expense of providing such a function is likely to be exorbitant.
Accordingly, there is a need in the communications industry for a system, apparatus and method that allows and facilitates HTTP transfer directly to/from the mobile terminals operating within a mobile network. In addition, utilization of current technology to allow direct HTTP communication to mobile terminals should be implemented where applicable in order to reduce cost of implementation.

System, apparatus, and method for providing a mobile server


A sense amplifier (SA) includes a semiconductor substrate having a source/drain (S/D) diffusion region; a pair of SA sensing devices both disposed in the S/D diffusion region; an SA enabling device disposed in the same S/D diffusion region as where the pair of SA sensing devices are disposed in; and a sense amplifier enabling signal (SAE) line for carrying an SAE signal, for turning on the SA enabling device to discharge one of the pair of SA sensing devices during a data read from the sense amplifier, wherein the SA enabling device is arranged to provide buffer protection for source/drain terminals of the pair of SA sensing devices.

In the rapidly advancing semiconductor manufacturing industry, complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) FinFET devices are favored for many logic and other applications and are integrated into various different types of semiconductor devices. FinFET devices typically include semiconductor fins with high aspect ratios formed vertically with respect to a top surface of the substrate, and in which channel and source/drain regions of semiconductor transistor devices are formed. The fins are isolated, raised structures. A gate is formed over and along the sides of the fins, utilizing the advantage of the increased surface area of the channel and source/drain regions to produce faster, more reliable and better-controlled semiconductor transistor devices. One important advantage of FinFET technology is that the mismatch between the devices is significantly lower than that under conventional manufacturing processes.
A semiconductor memory chip such as static random-access memory (SRAM) includes a sense amplifier, wherein the sense amplifier is part of the read circuitry used to read data from the memory chip. The sense amplifier discriminates small differential signal to large signal (rail-to-rail signal) in order to sense the logic levels from a bitline pair (bitline and bitline bar), which represents a data bit (1 or 0) stored in a memory cell. The sense amplifier amplifies the small voltage swing to recognizable logic levels so that data can be interpreted properly at the output terminal of the memory cell.
The device mismatch of the sense amplifier affects how large the differential signal voltage can be sensed by the sense amplifier sensing (also referred to as sensing read margin, sensing margin also defined as minimum required differential voltage for a given sense amplifier).

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Sense amplifier layout for FinFET technology

Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd.


A method for contextual evaluation of files for use in file restoration. The method may include receiving a request to replace a damaged file on a computing system with a clean instance of the damaged file and identifying a clean file that corresponds to the damaged file. The method may also include identifying at least one file set that includes the clean file. The method may further include evaluating the suitability of the clean file for use as a replacement for the damaged file by: 1) determining whether the computing system includes an instance of each file in the file set and 2) deciding, based on the determination of whether the computing system includes an instance of each file in the file set, whether to replace the damaged file with the clean file. Various other methods, systems, and computer-readable media are also disclosed.

Malicious programmers often disseminate malware that injects malicious code into legitimate files on a user's computer. Such malicious code may be difficult to detect and remove. While it may sometimes be possible to remove an infection from a file, traditional anti-virus software generally cannot remove infections in a manner that returns an infected file to its original (i.e., same size and file hash) state.
As an alternative to attempting to clean a file, some anti-virus solutions may attempt to replace an infected file with a clean instance of the infected file. Such anti-virus solutions may attempt to locate a hash that was created of the infected file prior to infection. The anti-virus solution may then use the hash to identify a clean instance of the file and may replace the infected file with the identified clean file.
Unfortunately, the process for replacing infected files with clean files may result in the wrong version of a file (or even the wrong file) being used to replace an infected file. As a result, a software program and/or computer system that uses the replacement file may not function properly or may not function at all. Another problem with attempting to replace infected files with clean files is that some software publishers may not allow individual files to be downloaded to a user's system solely based on a hash of the individual file because the publishers cannot ensure that the user is legally entitled to use the file. What is needed, therefore, is a more effective mechanism for identifying files for use in file restoration.

Systems and methods for contextual evaluation of files for use in file restoration


A complex pendulum system biomass sensor having a plurality of pendulums. The plurality of pendulums allow the system to detect a biomass height and density. Each pendulum has an angular deflection sensor and a deflector at a unique height. The pendulums are passed through the biomass and readings from the angular deflection sensors are fed into a control system. The control system determines whether adjustment of machine settings is appropriate and either displays an output to the operator, or adjusts automatically adjusts the machine settings, such as the speed, at which the pendulums are passed through the biomass. In an alternate embodiment, an entanglement sensor is also passed through the biomass to determine the amount of biomass entanglement. This measure of entanglement is also fed into the control system.

Combine harvesters have been used to efficiently harvest biomass for many years. Originally developed to eliminate the need for manual cutting and threshing, harvesters have evolved into large self-powered machines, able to simultaneously perform many steps at once. A modern combine harvester can now cut, thresh, and clean crop in one continuous operation.
Combine harvesters today provide the operator with a means to vary machine settings so that different crop conditions may be accommodated. In order to achieve the highest capacity and efficiency of the harvesting machine, the harvester ground speed must be controlled according to the varying conditions of crop height, density and entanglement. This control is normally achieved by an operator, who depending on his or her experience, visually judges the crop condition and adjusts the ground speed accordingly. However, crop conditions can vary widely in the same field, requiring the operator to make constant adjustments to ground speed in order to attempt to maintain the optimum machine capacity and efficiency. This constant adjustment by the operator is not only a burden on the operator, but makes it very difficult to maintain an optimal speed for a given crop condition. Furthermore, constant adjustments may pose a safety risk by drawing the operators attention away from the safe operation of the combine harvester.
One method of measuring the efficiency of a combine harvester harvesting grain is to measure the amount of grain lost over the back of the sieve component and over the straw walker assembly such as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,036,065 herein fully incorporated by reference. U.S. Pat. No. 4,036,065 describes the use of sensors at locations across the rear of the sieve of a combine and the sound of grain kernels striking the sensor being picked up by a microphone, amplified, filtered and fed to a ratio computing device which calculates the total grain loss from the sampling. The calculated grain loss is then displayed to the operator who can then make the necessary adjustments. Similarly, U.S. Pat. No. 5,015,997, herein fully incorporated by reference, describes a method of measuring grain loss over the back of the sieve using a pulse pick-up or vibration pick-up type sensor. Other systems utilize piezoelectric transducers to detect grain loss over the back of the sieve component.
These prior art systems can account in some degree for the various factors of affecting the harvesting of the crop. Such devices, however, insufficient for determining the optimum ground speed for two reasons. First, while grain loss is to some degree a function of ground speed, it is more closely related to other machine settings such concave setting, rotor/cylinder speed, fan speed and sieves opening. Only after changes to these setting fail to reduce grain loss should the ground speed be adjusted in response to grain loss. Second, response to grain loss is reactive, with a 10-15 second delay between the time the crop is cut to the time the loss of that crop is detected. Other prior art system, besides grain loss, exist but they too are reactive. The present invention is positioned in front of the harvester and the crop conditions are detected 1-2 seconds prior to being cut, and therefore the control is proactive rather than reactive.
Single pendulum systems have been used at the front of the combine harvester or forage harvester to measure biomass height. The system usually consists of a simple frame having a hinge, a potentiometer, a hanging rod, and a deflector. The hinge securely holds the hanging rod to the frame, while allowing the rod to rotate. The potentiometer is connected to detect the angle of rotation between the frame and the rod. Finally the deflector is attached to the end of the rod, and deflects off biomass, allowing the height of the biomass to be determined given the angle of deflection read by the potentiometer. Although a single pendulum system can be applied to biomass other than grain, it can only determine biomass height and not other factors such biomass density and entanglement.
There are many factors affecting the harvesting of the biomass such as moisture content, varying density of biomass, the height of the biomass, the general quality of the biomass, and biomass entanglement. None of the prior art systems are able to detect and properly account for all of these factors while being applicable to a broad range of biomass such as grain, corn, or switchgrass. A method for the real time determination of biomass height, density, and entanglement is needed to determine the most efficient harvester speed.


Disclosed herein is a semiconductor integrated circuit device which can ensure sufficient power supply ability and ESD protection capability for an I/O cell without increasing the area of the semiconductor integrated circuit. In-row power supply interconnects provided in I/O cell rows are connected to a power supply interconnect provided between the I/O cell rows via power supply interconnects. The power supply interconnect is thicker than the in-row power supply interconnects.

The present disclosure relates to a semiconductor integrated circuit device including a core region and an I/O region.
Semiconductor integrated circuits have been increasing in their scale, and number of input and output signals. Therefore, if input/output cells (I/O cells) are arranged in a single row to surround a core region, the area of the semiconductor integrated circuit is defined by the I/O cells. This is disadvantageous in some cases because it leads to an increase in the area of a device including the semiconductor integrated circuit, i.e., a semiconductor integrated circuit device.
Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-21987 discloses a semiconductor integrated circuit in which the I/O cells are arranged in multiple rows in a peripheral portion of the circuit. This arrangement avoids the area of the semiconductor integrated circuit from being defined by the I/O cells.


Systems, methods and computer program products to perform an operation comprising receiving a first video frame specifying a first timestamp from a first video source, receiving a second video frame specifying a second timestamp from a second video source, wherein the first and second timestamps are based on a remote time source, determining, based on a local time source, that the first timestamp is later in time than the second timestamp, and storing the first video frame in a buffer for alignment with a third video frame from the second video source.

Field of the Disclosure
Embodiments disclosed herein relate to video production. More specifically, embodiments disclosed herein automatically synchronize multiple real-time video sources.
Description of the Related Art
Multiple video cameras are often used to film a single event, such as a movie, television show, or sporting event. Conventionally, the production (e.g., consolidation, combination, and creative manipulation) of these events is completed where the filming occurred. In the production process, the camera, graphics, and replay feeds are combined together to create a single produced signal that is then sent to a single point for distribution (e.g., a broadcast site). Recent advancements have made it possible to bring all the remote signals back to the distribution point individually, allowing the creative production to happen at the distribution point. These different remote signals may be transmitted via a plurality of different travel paths, such as satellite, dedicated fiber, dedicated or shared internet protocol (IP) mediums. Furthermore, the remote signals may be uncompressed or compressed in a variety of ways. The different communications media and compression techniques may introduce varying latencies between the feeds. Therefore, if the feeds are not aligned properly, the resulting production may seem unprofessional.

Automatically synchronizing multiple real-time video sources


A high-precision oscillator includes a voltage reference module which includes multiple measured Field Effect Transistors and arranged for detecting process corners for the measured Field Effect Transistors to generate a reference voltage containing process corner information of the measured Field Effect Transistors, a compensation current generating module which is arranged for receiving the reference voltage, making a temperature compensation for the reference voltage, and generating a compensation current which includes both the process compensation and temperature compensation, and a ring oscillator which is arranged for receiving the compensation current and outputting a clock with stable frequency. The high-precision oscillator designs the process compensation and the temperature compensation separately, which are adjustable due to one of them will not be influenced by the other; and frequency of its outputted clock is not influenced by process and temperature, thereby precision of the outputted clock is improved.

Existing oscillators usually have process compensation, but without temperature compensation generally, so the frequency of the oscillators will vary with the temperature in practice, which is so-called temperature drift, to result in a lower precision of the outputted clock. Since the process compensation and the temperature compensation are restricted with each other, thus it's hard for the existing oscillators to design the process compensation and the temperature compensation separately, thereby the existing oscillators are hard to adjust and unable to meet a need for both the process compensation and the temperature compensation.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide an improved high-precision oscillator to overcome above drawbacks.

IPGOAL MICROELECTRONICS (SICHUAN) CO., LTD.


A rich client view of server data is integrated within a server presentation of data provided by a portal server application. The rich client view of data is included with other web based views provided according to the server presentation of data when the rich client view is created. The rich client view is integrated among the web based views such that the rich client view and web based views are organized together. A separate application is launched to render the rich client view in response to a selection to render the rich client view. The selection to render the rich client view is integrated within the server presentation of data such that rich client view is provided seamlessly within the server presentation.

As the number of applications available for performing tasks on a computing device increases the expectation for a seamless user experience among these applications also increases. When working in one application, there is an expectation that the transition to other applications and/or support of the other applications is seamless and does not interrupt the user from their tasks to handle the transition.
One type of application that has gained great ground in its integration and use among companies and enterprises are portal server applications. Portal server applications enable enterprises to develop an intelligent portal that seamlessly connects users, teams, and knowledge so that these users can take advantage of relevant information across business processes to help them work more efficiently. A portal server application provides an enterprise business solution that integrates information from various systems into one solution through single sign-on and enterprise application integration capabilities. The portal facilitates end-to-end collaboration by enabling aggregation, organization, and search capabilities for people, teams, and information. Users are able to find relevant information quickly through customization and personalization of portal content and layout, as well as by audience targeting. Organizations are able to target information, programs, and updates to audiences based on their organizational role, team membership, interest, security group, or any other membership criteria that can be defined. Document versioning, approval workflow, check in and check out, document profiling, and publishing provided through the portal server application facilitate easy collaboration on documents, projects, and tasks.
Web based technologies used by some web portal server applications and other data driven web applications are typically limited to hypertext markup language (HTML), or controls embedded in HTML, for rendering views of the data on the web site. More recently, some applications such as spreadsheet applications, presentation applications, and other rich applications are able to provide a rich view on this data, allowing for quick filtering, sorting, and editing, without the limitations of HTML. The problem is that these two worlds are presented to the user as quite different and not very well connected. To use these rich views to view the portal server data has often required that the user know that this is possible. Also the user is generally required to launch the application themselves manually. Furthermore, management of the storage of these rich views is left to the user, with that storage typically not nearby where the data that was being viewed lives.

Integration rich client views in server presentations


A high-contrast electro-optic liquid crystal camera iris provides angle independent transmission for uniform gray shades. The liquid crystal iris comprises a combination of first and second liquid crystal devices arranged in optical series and positioned between optical polarizers. The director field of the second liquid crystal device is a mirror image of the director field of the first liquid crystal device, and the first and second liquid crystal devices are placed together so that the azimuthal directions of the surface-contacting directors are in parallel alignment at the adjoining or confronting surfaces of the substrates of the first and second liquid crystal devices. The liquid crystal iris provides, therefore, less angular variation of intermediate transmittances compared with that provided by prior art liquid crystal iris.

A conventional camera uses a mechanical iris diaphragm to control the amount of light reaching the recording medium, such as film or a charge-coupled device (CCD) light sensor array. The mechanical iris is complex device that is ill-suited for many miniature camera applications, such as those found in smart phones and other hand-held devices. Many electro-optical alternatives to the mechanical iris have been proposed such as the guest-host liquid crystal display (U.S. Pat. No. 4,774,537 and U.S. Patent Application Pub. No. US 2012/0242924), twisted nematic (TN) liquid crystal display (U.S. Patent Application Pub. No. US 2008/0084498), electrophoretic display (U.S. Pat. No. 7,859,741), digital micro-mirror display (European Patent Application No. EP1001619 A1), and electrowetting display (U.S. Pat. No. 7,508,566). All of these alternatives can control the amount of light admitted to the recording medium, and if the electrode structures are patterned in an arrangement of concentric rings to enable changing the aperture, these alternative approaches can also adjust the depth of field. Such a patterned ring arrangement of electrode structures is described in detail, for example, in U.S. Patent Application Pub. No. US 2008/0084498.
Using liquid crystals for an electro-optical iris is particularly attractive since liquid crystal devices (LCDs) are a mature mainstream technology. As with the mechanical iris, to control light effectively, the liquid crystal iris must be capable of providing not only a high contrast ratio, but also a uniform transmittance at intermediate gray levels over the range of light input angles that are typically found in miniature camera optics. Angular dependence of the transmittance of the iris would cause a nonuniform exposure over the light-sensitive area of the recording medium. Prior art liquid crystal iris designs do not satisfy these requirements, which shortcomings are reasons why liquid crystal irises have not yet found widespread commercial application.
Simulations show that a TN device used as a camera iris, as proposed in U.S. Patent Application Pub. No. US 2008/0084498, provides a very high contrast ratio, but the transmittance at intermediate gray levels is appreciably nonuniform over a range of angles of incident light. FIG. 1 shows a simulated electro-optic curve of a prior art TN iris device under conditions of normally incident white light. This curve is simulated by use of Display Modeling System (DIMOS) software available from Autronic-Melchers GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany, for the liquid crystal mixture MLC-7030 available from Merck GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany. MLC-7030 has a positive dielectric constant anisotropy of 3.8 and a birefringence of Δn=0.1126 at the 550 nm design wavelength. The cell gap is chosen 4.23 μm to satisfy the "first minimum" condition Δn·d/λ=0.866 to provide maximum throughput at the design wavelength. Using the data of FIG. 1, the normalized transmitted luminance is 50% at 2.81V, and the normalized transmitted luminance is 0.1% at 5.25V, resulting in a contrast ratio of 1,000.
FIG. 2 shows, for this simulation, the angular variation of the normalized transmitted luminance of the prior art TN iris under application of a drive voltage of 2.81V for 50% transmitted luminance at normal incidence. These data are conveniently presented by an iso-transmitted luminance polar contour diagram, in which the contours are lines of constant normalized transmitted luminance. The center of the diagram represents normal incidence, where the normalized transmitted luminance is 50% and the periphery of the diagram represents incident light at the polar angle of 40°. The azimuthal angle of the incident light is represented in the circular direction from 0° to 360°. FIG. 2 shows that the normalized transmitted luminance varies from about 9% to about 82% over incident angles extending out to 20°. Although this TN device can achieve a high contrast ratio, the strong angular variation of intermediate transmittances of this TN device makes it unsatisfactory for use as a camera iris.
The prior art dual-cell guest-host iris represented in FIGS. 6A and 6B of U.S. Patent Application Pub. No. US 2012/0242924, consists of two homogeneously aligned guest-host cells placed in optical series and oriented with their surface alignment directions at 90°. FIG. 3 shows a simulated electro-optic curve for this prior art iris with 5 μm cell gaps filled with the liquid crystal mixture MLC-7030, to which is added an achromatic organic dye mixture with a dichroic ratio of 6.2. Simulations show that, even at 12V, the contrast ratio reaches only 4.1. FIG. 4 shows a simulated iso-transmitted luminance polar contour diagram of the normalized transmitted luminance under application of 3.1V for 50% normalized transmitted luminance at normal incidence. In FIG. 4, the normalized transmitted luminance varies from about 42% to 60% over a range of incident angles extending out to polar angles of 20°. FIG. 4 exhibits somewhat less angular variation of intermediate transmittances compared with the angular variation of the TN iris simulated in FIG. 2, but the low contrast ratio of the dual-cell guest-host iris makes it unsatisfactory for use as a camera iris.

Electro-optic liquid crystal camera iris providing angle independent transmission for uniform gray shades


A network (10) includes a load balancer (18) that passes traffic between a client (14) and a gateway (20). For initial messages from a client (14), the load balancer (18) selects an appropriate gateway (20) for message processing. A session is then established between the client (14) and the appropriate gateway (20). The session is indicated by a session identifier. At any point, the client (14) may choose to suspend the session for later resumption. Upon suspension, the load balancer (18) keeps track of the session identifier and the appropriate gateway (20) associated with the session. Upon a resumption request from the client (14), the load balancer (18) determines which of the gateways (20) is associated with the resumption request according to the session identifier. In this manner, the client may continue a session with the same gateway (20) for seamless operation.

A Wireless Access Protocol (WAP) load balancer is a device that distributes WAP traffic received over a wireless network on an Internet Protocol (IP) bearer network among a group of WAP gateways. Each WAP gateway translates requests from the WML stack to a WWW protocol stack, such as HTML and TCP/IP. The WAP gateway encodes and decodes web content to reduce the size and number of packets traveling over the wireless network. The WAP gateway interfaces with subscriber databases in order to provide client specific services.
Because of the growth and size of the wireless subscriber market, content customers providing WAP services are quickly experiencing more bottlenecks at their WAP gateways. The WAP load balancer is used to distribute WAP traffic among WAP gateways in order to relieve and avoid bottlenecks in the system. With multiple WAP gateways, the WAP load balancer must ensure that all packets associated with a single session are sent to the same WAP gateway. A Wireless Session Protocol (WSP) is a session layer protocol for operation between a WAP client and a WAP gateway. The WSP allows for sessions to be suspended and resumed without the overhead of session tear-down and re-establishment. When a session is established, a session entry is set up in a database indexed by a session identifier. The suspend facility allows a wireless service provider to change the underlying network bearer resources. The session state is initially maintained using header information in the IP packets identifying source/destination IP addresses and/or source/destination port numbers. However, a subsequent resume request may arrive with a different IP source and port number. If this occurs, a query to a session state database will fail and the session will not be resumed at the previously chosen WAP gateway. Therefore, it is desirable to select a previously chosen WAP gateway in response to a suspend and resume operation.

System and method for maintaining seamless session operation