Digital signal processing and, more particularly, digital video coding is described. Video encoding or decoding of frames includes accessing a plurality of values that can include at least one quantized DC default value and a plurality of quantized DC block values for neighboring blocks with respect to an intra block. A direction of change for the intra block is determined using predictor values obtained from the accessed values.

Programmable logic devices ("PLDs") are a well-known type of integrated circuit that can be programmed to perform specified logic functions. One type of PLD, the field programmable gate array ("FPGA"), typically includes an array of programmable tiles. These programmable tiles can include, for example, input/output blocks ("IOBs"), configurable logic blocks ("CLBs"), dedicated random access memory blocks ("BRAMs"), multipliers, digital signal processing blocks ("DSPs"), processors, clock managers, delay lock loops ("DLLs"), and so forth. Notably, as used herein, "include" and "including" mean including without limitation.
One such FPGA is the Xilinx Virtex® FPGA available from Xilinx, Inc., 2100 Logic Drive, San Jose, Calif. 95124. Another type of PLD is the Complex Programmable Logic Device ("CPLD"). A CPLD includes two or more "function blocks" connected together and to input/output ("I/O") resources by an interconnect switch matrix. Each function block of the CPLD includes a two-level AND/OR structure similar to those used in Programmable Logic Arrays ("PLAs") and Programmable Array Logic ("PAL") devices. Other PLDs are programmed by applying a processing layer, such as a metal layer, that programmably interconnects the various elements on the device. These PLDs are known as mask programmable devices. PLDs can also be implemented in other ways, for example, using fuse or antifuse technology. The terms "PLD" and "programmable logic device" include but are not limited to these exemplary devices, as well as encompassing devices that are only partially programmable.
For purposes of clarity, FPGAs are described below though other types of PLDs may be used. FPGAs may include one or more embedded microprocessors. For example, a microprocessor may be located in an area reserved for it, generally referred to as a "processor block."
Recently, FPGAs have been used for digital video processing. In order to more conveniently send video over limited bandwidth networks, video compression is used. There are many known types of video compression, including that associated with Motion Pictures Expert Group ("MPEG"), among others. For purposes of clarity by way of example and not limitation, MPEG compression and decompression is described below, although other types of compression may be used.
Generally, a video sequence includes a number of pictures or frames. Frames in a sequence may be substantially similar, and thus contain a significant amount of redundant information. In video compression, this redundant information may effectively be removed by using a reference frame and a number of residual frames. As residual frames are indexed to a reference frame, they may contain less information than the reference frame. Accordingly, they may be encoded at a lower bit rate with the same quality as the original frames from which they were obtained.
In MPEG, frames are processed in groups of pictures ("GOPs"). A reference frame, which is an intracoded frame ("I-frame" or "I-picture") is combined with predicted frames ("P-frames or P-pictures"). One or more P-frames may be predicted from a preceding I-frame or P-frame. Furthermore, frames may be predicted from future frames. Such predicted frames from future frames may be predicted from two directions, such as for example from an I-frame and a P-frame that respectively immediately precede and follow the bidirectionally predicted frame. Conventionally, bidirectionally predicted frames are called "B-frames" or "B-pictures."
Frames may be partitioned into blocks, each of which is an array of pixels. These blocks may be grouped together in what is sometimes referred to as a "macroblock." Groups of macroblocks, where each group is associated with a frame, are known as "slices." Each block is predicted from a block of equal size in a reference frame. Blocks are not transformed apart from the original frame other than being shifted to a position of a predicted block.
For intra-frame blocks ("intra blocks"), conventional AC-DC prediction has been used, such as specified by MPEG. In MPEG, a block is a matrix of 8-by-8 pixels, which may be a either adjacent luminance or chrominance samples, or corresponding DCT coefficients as is known. A block may be coded to represent an image sample, namely an intra block, or may be coded to represent a prediction-error, namely an inter block or non-intra block. Examples of inter blocks include blocks coded for motion compensation or motion estimation. For example, to lower energy residue of a frame, such as an I-frame, P-frame, or B-frame, AC-DC prediction may be used to predict either a first column or a first row of an intra block. Thus, correlation in a frequency domain may be exploited to predict either a first column or a first row of an intra block by using one or more neighboring intra blocks of the same slice. Other details regarding MPEG video encoding and decoding are not described, as they are well known.
MPEG-4 is for low bandwidth applications, such as for approximately 64 kilobits per second for example. Applications generally associated with MPEG-4 include video associated with portable wireless devices. These devices tend to have significant power consumption limitations and space limitations. Furthermore, portable wireless devices may have significant limitations on computing capability, and may be significantly constrained with respect to real-time handling of video decoding at a system clock rate. Examples of MPEG-4 decoders include the Mobile Multimedia Systems ("MoMuSys") reference decoder published by the International Organization for Standardization ("ISO"). The MoMuSys reference decoder is capable of handling any MPEG-4 Natural Video stream, including multiple video streams. A Simple Profile, as well as an Advanced Simple Profile, is a subset of MPEG-4 Natural Video. Moreover, others have suggested implementing MPEG-4 encoders in programmable logic of FPGAS, such as an MPEG-4 Simple Profile encoder available from Barco-Silex of Belgium (www.barcodesignservices.com).
Accordingly, it would be desirable and useful to provide a less complex form of AC-DC prediction for low bandwidth video. Furthermore, it would be desirable and useful to provide a form of AC-DC prediction that would be reasonable for implementation in an FPGA or other integrated circuit.

Digital video coding using quantized DC block values


A strap on fishing rod rack comprising of fixed horizontal panels, tubular housing, straps and a fastening device. The rack straps around an ice cooler or other object and hold a plurality of fishing rods in an upright position. The device is removable and can be affixed without the need for screws or drilling making it useful for mounting to coolers and other fixtures that are unsuitable for other mounting applications. The rack includes horizontal panels on which vertical fishing rod support tubes are affixed. Individual horizontal panels may consist of two members, each with a channel and groove extending the length of the member. The members may be joined creating a channel along the inside of each horizontal panel. The rack includes straps. A strap slides inside the horizontal panel, in one end, and exits out the other. A stainless steel ratchet buckle is affixed on one end of each strap providing a simple but secure method to firmly attach the apparatus to the fixture.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a fishing rod rack that may be strapped to an ice cooler or other object comprising of fixed horizontal panels, straps and ratchet buckles.
Application fields of invention under U.S. Patent classification definitions include:
43/21.2;
108/151; 108/152;
211/60.1; 211/70.8;
248/346.03; 248/354.7; 248/512
2. Prior Art
Prior art has produced various rack systems to hold fishing rods on a vessel when not in use. These systems have all used various methods to affix the rack including the use of drills and screws. Other fishing rod racks use suction to secure the rack, but that requires a smooth non-porous mounting surface. Prior Art has also produced multi function devices for hands free fishing that strap to piers and other vertical structures. This prior art includes workstations or cutting boards that strap to cylindrical surfaces wherein individual tubes attach directly to the straps.
The prior art does not provide for a fishing rod rack that can be strapped to an ice cooler or similar object to hold rods when not in use. Quick and easy access to finishing rods on a vessel is an important part of a successful day on the water. Located in the cockpit of most fishing boats sits a cooler used to store food, beverages and other items to be kept on ice. Being in close proximity to the fishing action it is in a prime location for a fishing rod rack. Drilling into a cooler to mount such a rack is not an option for obvious reasons. The invention is a fishing rod rack which mounts securely to a cooler or other fixture utilizing a strap and ratchet buckle method. This system eliminates the need to drill into a cooler or other fixture and can be mounted on porous, rough or uneven surfaces, and provides the angler with an easy method to affix and remove the rack as needed. It is an advantage of this present invention that the rack have rigid horizontal panels which allows for each rod holder to be firmly and permanently affixed to the horizontal panels to form one rack.
An embodiment of the present invention provides for the horizontal panels to have a center channel down the middle of each panel which allows the straps to slide down the length of each panel with a ratchet buckle or similar device affixing the invention to the ice cooler or similar object making it easy to install and remove as needed. The horizontal panels, in the alternative, may contain a ring and bracket at each end to affix the straps to the horizontal panels.
By way of example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,557,877 to Colson discloses a universal mount fishing rod holder. U.S. Pat. No. 5,715,952 to Chichetti discloses a portable and removable fishing rod holding device. U.S. Pat. No. 4,852,291 to Mengo discloses a fishing rod holder mount kit. U.S. Pat. No. 5,560,138 to Dentslien discloses a fishing rod holder. U.S. Pat. No. 6,360,902 to Searles discloses a fishing rod rack for boat decks. U.S. Pat. No. 6,926,240 to Goeller discloses a strap-on multi-function apparatus with integral supports and work surface for use during fishing, boating camping, etc. U.S. Pat. No. 7,165,703 to Howe discloses an elongated implement holder especially for use on boats. U.S. Pat. No. 5,588,542 to Wrinkler discloses a fishing rod rack. U.S. Pat. No. 6,533,132 to Weinberger discloses a portable fishing rod rack. U.S. Pat. No. 5,915,942 to Ratliffe discloses a multi-functional fishing rod holder. U.S. Pat. No. 5,373,802 to Krolich discloses an attachment method and apparatus.


A two-piece, shell-like holder composed of two telescopically mating shell portions sized to be connected together and to maintain a male and a female plug in electrical engagement with one another so that the interconnected shell structure assumes axial forces applied to and tending to separate the electrical connection and wherein the shell portions include interlocking portions when in telescopic engagement which an be unlocked by rotating the shell portions relative to one another and separating them axially.

In the past it has long been recognized that there is a need for a device for use in maintaining an electrical connection of interconnected male and female electrical plugs so that the electrical connection is maintained when axial forces are applied on the conductors to which the plugs are attached. It will be appreciated that, for example, a person using an appliance, such as a hedge trimmer or an electrical drill, first inserts an electrical plug on a short "pigtail" on the appliance into a mating plug of an extension cord only to be confronted repeatedly with the resulting electrical connection being broken each time axial forces are applied to the appliance pigtail. Yet, in use, one must move the appliance often and hence pull upon it putting an axial strain on the pigtail and electrical connection. This invention is of a device to encapsulate the electrical plugs in such a manner so as to assume axial loads applied on the conductors which tend to separate the electrical connection.

Holder for maintaining electrical connections


Systems and methods for self-sealing a coldhead sleeve of a magnetic resonance imaging system are provided. One coldhead sleeve arrangement includes a coldhead sleeve configured to receive therein a coldhead of an MRI system and having an open end. The coldhead sleeve arrangement also includes a sealing member coupled at the open end of the coldhead sleeve and configured in a normally closed position covering the open end.

The subject matter disclosed herein relates generally to cryogenically cooled magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems, and more particularly to systems and methods for sealing a coldhead sleeve of the MRI systems.
In superconducting coil MRI systems, the coils forming the superconducting magnets are cryogenically cooled using a helium vessel. The cryogen cooling system of some of these MRI systems include a coldhead within a coldhead sleeve that operates to recondense vaporized cryogen to continually cool the superconducting magnet coils during system operation.
In conventional MRI systems, the coldhead sleeve is designed having an open end to a magnet cartridge, which is within a vacuum enclosure such that the open end is exposed to a helium vessel under pressure. When servicing or replacing the coldhead, service personnel remove the coldhead from the coldhead sleeve, thereby exposing the helium vessel to the atmosphere. When the MRI system is operating at high pressure, venting is needed to reduce the pressure. Thus, service personnel are exposed to high pressure and also the flush loss of helium from within the MRI system. Safety concerns exist particularly if the magnet in the MRI system quenches during coldhead servicing or replacement, resulting in boil off of helium.
Accordingly, the servicing of the coldhead in conventional MRI systems can be unsafe due to the high pressure environment. Additionally, helium from the helium vessel is lost and must be replaced, which results in added cost and further system maintenance.

System and method for self-sealing a coldhead sleeve of a magnetic resonance imaging system


A curable silicone composition is disclosed. The curable silicone composition comprises: (A) a linear organopolysiloxane having at least two silicon atom-bonded alkenyl groups per molecule, wherein at least 5 mole % of all silicon atom-bonded organic groups are aryl groups; (B) an organopolysiloxane containing siloxane units represented by the general formula R13SiO1/2 where each R1 represents an independently selected monovalent hydrocarbon group, and siloxane units represented by the general formula SiO4/2, wherein the amount of alkenyl groups is at least 6% by weight; (C) an organopolysiloxane having at least two silicon atom-bonded hydrogen atoms per molecule; and (D) a hydrosilylation reaction catalyst. The curable silicone composition forms a cured product with little weight reduction, little change in hardness, and little crack generation after thermal aging.

Curable silicone compositions that can be cured by a hydrosilylation reaction are cured to form a cured product with excellent electrical properties, allowing them to be used in various applications. It is known that organopolysiloxanes having siloxane units represented by the formula: SiO4/2 are added to curable silicone compositions to control the hardness and strength of cured products.
For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a curable silicone composition comprising: an organopolysiloxane containing siloxane units represented by the formula: R3SiO1/2 and siloxane units represented by the formula: SiO4/2, wherein R is the same or different monovalent hydrocarbon group, but at least one R per molecule is an alkenyl group, and wherein the ratio of the siloxane units represented by the formula: R3SiO1/2 with regard to the siloxane units represented by the formula: SiO4/2 is 0.5 to 1.5 and the amount of alkenyl group is 0.01 to 22 wt. %; an organopolysiloxane having at least two silicon bonded hydrogen atoms per molecule; a hydrosilylation reaction catalyst; and if necessary, a straight chain organopolysiloxane having at least two alkenyl groups per molecule, is rapidly cured to obtain a pressure sensitive adhesive having high green strength, then slowly cured to obtain a high strength permanent adhesive.
Furthermore, Patent Document 2 discloses a curable silicone composition comprising: a linear organopolysiloxane having at least two vinyl groups per molecule; an organopolysiloxane containing siloxane units represented by the formula: SiO4/2, siloxane units represented by the formula: (CH2═CH)R′2SiO1/2, and siloxane units represented by the formula: R′3SiO1/2 (wherein R′ represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group that does not have an aliphatic unsaturated bond); an organopolysiloxane having at least one silicon bonded alkoxy group and at least two silicon bonded hydrogen atoms per molecule; and a hydrosilylation reaction catalyst, is releasable at ambient temperature or during low temperature curing, forming a cured product that demonstrates excellent adhesion by further heating at high temperatures.
Furthermore, Patent Document 3 discloses a curable silicone composition comprising: a linear organopolysiloxane having at least two alkenyl groups per molecule and containing a diarylsiloxane unit; at least two organopolysiloxanes with different weight average molecular weights, containing siloxane units represented by the formula: R′3SiO1/2 (wherein R′ represents the same or different monovalent hydrocarbon group that does not have an aliphatic unsaturated bond), siloxane units represented by the formula: R′2R″SiO1/2 (wherein R′ represents the same as above, while R″ represents an alkenyl group), and siloxane units represented by the formula: SiO4/2; an organopolysiloxane having at least two silicon bonded hydrogen atoms per molecule; and a hydrosilylation reaction catalyst, forms a cured product of moderate hardness and strength.
However, in Patent Documents 1 and 2, when the cured product obtained by curing the curable silicone composition undergoes thermal aging, problems such as wall thinning due to weight reduction, change in hardness, and crack generation were not addressed, and when the curable silicone composition is used as a sealing agent of high intensity LED with high heat generation, the reliability of the LED is problematically reduced. Furthermore, Patent Document 3 describes that the curable silicone composition is used as an LED sealing agent, but similarly, when the cured product undergoes thermal aging, problems such as wall thinning due to weight reduction, change in hardness, and crack generation are of no concern, and when the curable silicone composition is used as a sealing agent of high intensity LED with high heat generation, the reliability of the LED is problematically reduced.

Curable silicone composition, cured product thereof, and optical semiconductor device


In one embodiment, a symbol error correction encoder effects block interleaving on recording data and thereafter performs first error correction encoding on the recording data. Next, a symbol error correction encoder performs encoding on the whole block. A reproducing processing circuit outputs likelihood information of respective bits. A first error correction decoder corrects a random error produced upon recording and reproduction, using the likelihood information. Since it is possible to make an improvement in performance with respect to the random error by repetitive decoding at this time, the post-correction data is returned to the reproducing processing circuit. After the completion of such repetitive processing, the data is digitized and subjected to an error correction in symbol unit by a hard determination, and outputted to a symbol error correction decoder.

The present invention relates to a method of encoding data to be recorded in a recording and reproducing apparatus for encoding the data and recording the same in a recording medium, and performing reproduction and decoding thereof, and a signal processing method for obtaining error-reduced decoded data from a reproduced signal, and to a circuit thereof.
There has been an increasingly growing demand for high recording densification to a recording and reproducing apparatus, e.g., a magnetic disk device or hard disk drive (hereinafter called HDD) or the like. A signal processing technique of a recording and reproduction system that supports it has also been adapted to the high recording densification.
FIG. 2 shows one example of a data recording and reproducing processing circuit employed in the conventional HDD. In FIG. 2, recording data inputted to an input terminal 1 is subjected to error correction encoding by a symbol error correction encoder 10 on the recording side. The Reed-Solomon code (hereinafter called RS code) is often used as an error correcting code. Further, the signal is added with parity bits by a parity encoder 21 (it might be omitted). The signal is added with a sync signal or the like by a recording processing circuit 30, after which information is recorded in a recording medium 60 via a recording amplifier 40 and a recording head 50.
On the reproduction side, the signal read from the recording medium 60 by a reproducing head 150 is amplified by a reproducing amplifier 140. A reproducing processing circuit 130 effects sync signal detection or the like on the signal and inputs the so-processed signal to a parity decoder 121. The parity decoder 121 corrects a random error, using likelihood information and parities. Thereafter, a symbol error correction decoder 110 performs the correction of a code error such as a burst error due to a defect produced upon recording and playback and outputs the corrected signal to an output terminal 2.
A magnetic recording channel has a frequency response which can be made approximate by one in which a differential unit and a low-pass filter are connected in series. Assuming that D is defined as a delay operator at one time, the magnetic recording channel is configured such that interference among codes thereof is modeled as a partial response channel having an impulse response of (1−D)(1+D)n (where n=1, 2, 3, . . . ).
In order to cope with such a channel, a Viterbi decoder is used for the reproducing processing circuit 130. The Viterbi decoder is used to carry out a maximum likelihood estimation of a transmission sequence in a band-restricted channel having code-to-code interference. That is, a code sequence for minimizing a distance metric related to the sequence of a received signal, such as the sum of square errors in the received signal sequence, for example, is selected from possible code sequences.
Conway, "A new target response with parity coding for high density magnetic recording channels," (1998) IEEE Trans. Magn, 34(4), pp. 2382-2386, has proposed a method of adding parity codes in fine cycles to correct random errors and correcting it using the parity information and likelihood information of a reproduced signal upon reproduction.
The parity correcting method was accompanied by the problem that an increase in the amount of recorded data and an increase in random error due to the speeding up of a data transfer rate could not be completely corrected, thus making it unable to ensure sufficient performance.
The Shannon limit given by the so-called Shannon's channel encoding theorem is known as a theoretical limit to code performance. Examples of an encoding method indicating the performance close to the Shannon limit include a coding/decoding method using Parallel Concatenated Convolutional Codes called turbo coding/decoding, which has been described in, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,446,747 (columns 7-10 and FIGS. 1-4). This will be described briefly here.
Encoding using the parallel concatenated convolutional codes is done by a device wherein two of a convolutional encoder and an interleaver are configured in parallel in concatenated form. Decoding of the parallel concatenated convolutional codes is performed by a device configured of two decoding circuits each of which outputs a soft-output. A transfer of information is performed between the two decoding circuits, whereby the final result of decoding is obtained.
There has also been known an encoding method using cascade concatenated convolutional codes without using the parallel concatenation. A method of combining the cascade concatenated convolutional codes with the RS code to thereby perform an error correction has been proposed in Japanese Patent Laid-open No. 2001-285080 (pages 9-11 and FIGS. 6 through 9). In this document, a modulation scheme for performing cascade concatenated convolutional coding for an internal code has been adopted for data subjected to RS coding as an external code. As to decoding, two-stage decoding of cascade concatenated codes is carried out. Thereafter, RS decoding is done. At this time, a determination unit for determining whether errors contained in decoded data exist in some degree, determined whether a lost correction should be done according to the determined reference (some of errors), outputted a lost flag to an RS decoder, and made a decision as to whether the normal error correction should be done according to the presence or absence of the lost flag or the lost correction should be done.
However, the parallel concatenated convolutional coding/decoding method and the cascade concatenated decoding method need redundant signals (redundant bits) for realizing the convolutional coding modulation scheme. As a result, a code rate loss occurs inevitably, and hence the total performance could not be enhanced sufficiently.

Signal processing method and signal processing circuit

Hitachi Global Storage Technologies Netherlands B.V.


A thermal pack for applying thermal therapy to a human body part includes a flexible body that defines a cavity holding a thermal medium. A skeletal structure supports the flexible body. The skeletal structure is malleable such that it can be deformed around and held adjacent the human body part. The skeletal structure may be disposed within the cavity of the flexible body without being attached thereto and/or secured to an interior surface (and/or exterior surface) of the flexible body. The skeletal structure preferably includes a plurality of elongate leg portions that are wrapped around the human body part to hold the flexible body in place adjacent the treatment area during use. The thermal pack can be adapted for use with other mammalians.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates broadly to heating and cooling mechanisms for treating a desired region of a patient's body. More particularly, this invention relates to heating and cooling therapy packs or pads that incorporate a liquid or gel substance that retains the desired thermal characteristics for application to the patient's body.
2. State of the Art
There are a variety of hot/cold therapy packs available on the market today. These products are available in many configurations. These variations include a textile component that accommodates a hot/cold pack comprised of a flexible plastic film and filled with water or gel that retains the desired thermal characteristics for an extended period of time (e.g., it retains a hot or cold temperature for an extended period of time after being heating or cooled). The textile component essentially provides a garment with straps that holds the hot/cold pack for the purpose of properly positioning the pack for extended periods of time during therapy treatment wherein the hot/cold temperature of the pack is applied to the patient's body locally in the vicinity of the pack.
Problematically, the textile components are often cumbersome and time-consuming to attach to the desired treatment area. Moreover, the textile components typically can be easily displaced during normal movement of the human body. Additionally, due to the varied structure of the human body between patients, the textile components fail to effectively provide a universal fit over a wide range of patients. Thus, the textile components are typically specialized with different shapes and sizes to accommodate the varied body structure between patients. This results in the need for retailers and users alike to maintain a wide inventory in order to accommodate both the combination of treatment sites and sizes. Furthermore, the straps of the textile component can often result in chafing and binding that can result in additional injury or the compromise of normal blood flow to the treatment area.


A positioning unit is provided for a computer housing-and-peripheral device assembly that includes a computer housing and a peripheral device. The positioning unit includes a positioning member disposed between the peripheral device and the computer housing, and including a thin plate that is stamped to form a bent spring arm having a first section which extends toward the casing, and a second section which bends from the first section and which extends toward the computer housing.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a positioning unit for a computer housing-and-peripheral device assembly that includes a computer housing and peripheral devices.
2. Description of the Related Art
Personal computers normally include a computer housing and peripheral devices, such as an optical disk drive, a floppy disk drive, and a hard disk drive, mounted in the computer housing. Conventionally, each of the aforesaid peripheral devices is mounted in the computer housing via screw means. As such, it is relatively inconvenient to mount or dismount the peripheral devices in the computer housing through tightening or loosening of the screw means.
Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a positioning unit for mounting the peripheral devices in the computer housing without requiring the tightening of screw means.
According to the present invention, there is provided a positioning unit for a computer housing-and-peripheral device assembly that includes a computer housing and a peripheral device. The peripheral device includes a casing with two opposite side walls. The computer housing has two opposite side walls that are formed with a pair of guiding grooves for receiving the side walls of the casing. The positioning unit comprises: a pair of positioning members, each of which is adapted to be disposed between a respective one of the side walls of the casing and a respective one of the side walls of the computer housing, and each of which includes a thin plate that is stamped to form a peripheral wall with an inner face confining a frame space, and a pair of opposing bent spring arms which extend oppositely from the inner face into the frame space. Each of the bent spring arms has a first section that is adapted to extend toward the respective one of the side walls of the casing, and a second section that bends from the first section to form an apex therebetween and that is adapted to extend toward the respective one of the side walls of the computer housing so as to permit elastic abutment of the apex against the respective one of the side walls of the casing and elastic abutment of the second section against the respective one of the side walls of the computer housing when the casing is mounted in the computer housing, thereby limiting sidewise movement of the casing in the computer housing.

Positioning unit for a computer housing-and-peripheral device assembly


A flowable substance is applied to at least one predetermined area of a major surface of a plate-shaped fuel cell component by directing at least one stream of the flowable substance toward a predetermined zone that is situated in a plane along which the major surface of the component extends, facing the stream. The size of the predetermined zone is smaller than that of the predetermined area, and relative movement along the plane is effected between the component and the predetermined zone so that at least the entire predetermined area of the major surface gradually advances through the predetermined zone in a predetermined advancement direction and path. The stream is controlled so that it is in existence only while the zone is completely within the predetermined area, and until the zone has coincided with all of the predetermined area.

There are already known various constructions of fuel cells, among them such in which it is necessary or advantageous to treat selected regions of various fuel cell components with flowable substances. For example, it may be desired to wetproof such selected regions by applying thereto an initially flowable substance, such as a fluorocarbon dispersion, that solidifies after its application and thereafter confers the desired wetproof characteristic on such regions. The presence of such fluorocarbon or similar deposits on or in fuel cell electrodes is often necessary to create corrosion resistant areas within the cell.
The need for or desirability of providing such wetproofed or similarly treated regions has already been previously recognized, as has the need for giving such treated regions quite sharply defined outlines or contours. Particularly in order to satisfy the last-mentioned need, one method that is currently in widespread use for applying such wetproofing or similar compounds is the so-called screen printing process technique, which involves the application of the respective flowable substance, such as a dispersion or "ink", to the selected region or regions of a substrate through a screen while the remaining regions of the substrate are masked. By properly choosing the consistency or viscosity of the substance, the length of the time interval during which the screen/mask member is in contact with the substrate, the amount and distribution of the substance present on the screen/mask member at the beginning of such time interval, and the manner in which the substance is forced, such as by a squeegee or the like, through the screen, it is possible to control, within limits, not only the degree of conformity of the contour of the thus treated region to the desired one, but also, when the substrate is porous, the depth of penetration of the substance into the substrate at the affected region.
However, experience has shown that, while the screen printing process is ideally suited for applying thin coats of dispersions on the surfaces of smooth surfaced substrates, it in many instances leaves much to be desired when it is attempted to use it for applying coatings to rough or porous substrate. Moreover, this process is not capable of easily and reliably forcing a semi-liquid substance into the structure of a porous material, particularly when it is desired to cause the substance to permeate into more than just the area immediately underlying the surface to which the substance is applied and especially when the substance is to impregnate the selected region of the substrate throughout the thickness of the latter. Yet, such impregnation has been accomplished in the past with some degree of success by screen printing the part while it was held under partial vacuum that is applied in such a manner as to draw the substance deeper into the substrate. Nevertheless, even this process is less than satisfactory in many cases, especially because the constraints placed on the selection of the viscosity of the substance by use of the screen printing process, in combination with the vagaries of the vacuum drawing process, result in less than ideal impregnation of the affected region of the substrate by the substance and/or in less than accurate definition of the boundary of the affected region or conformity to its desired course. More particularly, given the nature of variations in substrate pore spectra and the vagaries of screen process printing, dimensional control of the fluorocarbon deposit is difficult to achieve. In addition, the necessity for a screen process fluorocarbon ink which will penetrate the porous substrate, particularly an electrode, and yet not run through the screen between printing cycles makes the process difficult to manage. Based on the above considerations, it has been determined that the screen printing process is not suited to high production subsurface wetproof application.
Accordingly, it is a general object of the present invention to avoid the disadvantages of the prior art.
More particularly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method of impregnating selected regions of porous substrates, especially of fuel cell electrode plates, with flowable substances capable of subsequent solidification, which method does not possess the disadvantages of the known methods of this kind.
Still another object of the present invention is to develop the impregnating method of the type here under consideration in such a manner as to assure penetration of the substance into and substantially uniform distribution of such substance throughout the affected region of the porous substrate.
A further object of the present invention is to present a method of the above kind the performance of which will result in much better coincidence than before of the actual boundaries of the impregnated region with the desired ones.
It is yet another object of the present invention to devise an apparatus that is well suited for the performance of the method of the above type.
A concomitant object of the present invention is design the apparatus of the above type in such a manner as to be relatively simple in construction, inexpensive to manufacture, easy to use, and yet reliable in operation.

Apparatus for applying dispersions to selected fuel cell electrode plate regions


A mechanical system with a one-way clutch, such as a motor vehicle alternator pulley, includes an outer first ring and an inner second ring able to move relative to one another in rotation about a central axis and delimit between them, radially with respect to this central axis, an annular housing. The mechanical system includes a free-wheel mechanism having members arranged in the annular housing, and at least one rolling bearing providing rollers arranged in the annular housing. The first and second rings are common to the free-wheel mechanism and to the rolling bearing. The members of the free-wheel mechanism are cams in contact with a first race formed by the first ring and a second race formed by the second ring. The first and second races are circular, centered on the axis of rotation and have no ramp.

In the known way, a transmission belt drives an outer rim of an alternator pulley which itself drives an input shaft of the alternator. In service, this pulley is subject to variations in speed and torque, notably because of the acyclic operation of the internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle. There are various ways for smoothing out these variations in speed and torque, for example by fitting a one-way clutch (OWC) device, also referred to as a "free wheel" between the hub and the rim of such a pulley. In one direction of rotation, the one-way clutch device transmits torque from the rim to the hub of the pulley, whereas in the other direction of rotation the hub is not driven by the rim.
FR-A-2 726 059 describes a mechanical system of this type in which a free-wheel clutch comprises wedging rollers which are guided in a cage and wedged against wedging ramps formed at the periphery of a ring. Thus, the wedging rollers of the free-wheel clutch interact successively with the wedging ramps of the ring. This prior art dictates the use of a ring provided with ramps, which entails relatively complex operations forming these ramps, requiring qualified personnel and elaborate equipment, resulting in a high cost price. Furthermore, the maximum torque that can be transmitted with this kind of device is relatively low.
These are the disadvantages that the invention more particularly intends to overcome by proposing a novel mechanical system with one-way clutch that allows effective transmission of torque, in one direction of rotation, and freewheel operation in the other direction of rotation, while at the same time offering attractive robustness and an attractive cost price.

Mechanical system with one-way clutch, and alternator comprising such a system


The present invention provides methods and pharmaceutical preparations of N-acyl-phenylaminoalcohol analogs for inducing differentiation of cells. Compositions having the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is H, NO.sub.2, OH, chlorine, bromine or fluorine;. R.sub.2 is H, OH or methoxy; PA1 R.sub.3 is H or OH; and PA1 m is from about 10 to about 14. are administered to cells of a mammal that are capable of undergoing differentiation in amounts effective to induce differentiation of the cells. The invention also provides methods and pharmaceutical preparations for altering the phenotype of cells and for treating diseases characterized by hyperproliferation of cells.

A number of human malignant and non-malignant diseases have as one of their distinguishing features the hyperproliferation of cells. In these diseases, cells proliferate at abnormally high rates. The cells found in cancerous tumors and leukemias grow and divide uncontrollably, which accounts in part for their rapid spread in the body. Similarly, with some non-malignant diseases such as psoriasis, the cells also grow and divide at abnormally high rates. In these diseases, the hyperproliferating cells are present in a relatively undifferentiated state. Undifferentiated cells are able to grow and divide. Once a cell differentiates, however, it loses the ability to proliferate. Some proposed treatments have been aimed towards inducing cell differentiation to stop cell proliferation, and thus bring the diseases under control.
Recently it has been found that sphingolipids play important roles in cell growth, oncogenesis, and differentiation (Hannun, Y. A. and Bell, R. M. (1989) Science 243: 500-507). At least 300 different sphingolipids are synthesized in various mammalian cell types. Structurally, sphingolipids are composed of a long-chain sphingoid base, an amide-linked fatty acid, and a polar head group at the 1-position. Except for ceramide, which has hydroxyl at the 1-position, and for sphingolmyelin, which has a phosphorylcholine head group, all other sphingolipids contain carbohydrate head groups and hence are designated glycosphingolipids. Sphingolipid breakdown products are emerging as a novel class of cell regulatory molecules. Sphingolipid breakdown products, sphingosine and ysosphingolipids, inhibit protein kinase C, believed to be a pivotal enzyme in cell regulation and signal transduction (Hannun, Y. A. et al. (1986) J. Biol Chem. 261: 12604-12609). Sphingolipids and lyso-sphingolipids affect significant cellular responses and exhibit anti-tumor promoter activities in various mammalian cells (Hannun, Y. A. and Bell, R. M. (1987) Science 235: 670-674; Hannun, Y. A. et al. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262: 13620-13626; and Wilson, E. St al. (1987) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 259: 204-214).
U.S. Pat. No. 4,816,450 issued Mar. 28, 1989 to Bell discloses long chain bases, generally sphingosine and sphingosine derivatives, useful for inhibiting protein kinase C. Activation of protein kinase C has been identified as fundamental to tumor promotion, cellular transformation and to understanding the inhibition by anti-tumor agents.
It has also been found that ceramide and cell-permeable ceramides with shorter N-acyl chains are potent regulators of cell differentiation as disclosed in co-pending application Ser. No. 566,978 filed Aug. 13, 1990 and in Okazaki et al. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 285: 15823-1583. Exposure of cells to exogenously applied ceramide and such derivatives induces cell differentiation.
Interferon which induces cell differentiation has been tested for treatment of tumors. Similarly, vitamin D.sub.3 which induces differentiation of HL-60 cells, a human myelocytic leukemia cell line, has also been tested for tumor treatment.
Despite efforts in developing treatments for diseases characterized by cellular hyperproliferation, there is still a need for treatments for these diseases.
Accordingly, it is an object of the invention to provide methods and compositions for inducing cell differentiation and/or inhibition of cell growth. It is a further object to provide methods and pharmaceutical compositions for treating diseases characterized by hyperproliferation of cells. Other objects of the present invention will become apparent from a review of the specification and appended claims.

Method of inducing cellular differentiations and altering cell phenotype using ceramide analogs


A ranging and sighting system for a lethal and non-lethal projectile launcher having an housing and a eyepiece positioned on an end of the housing and one or more reticles in the eyepiece having separate indicia for sighting a target and ranging a target and a switch for selecting between the indicia for sighting and the indicia for ranging the target.

Non-lethal projectiles can be lethal at close ranges and ineffective at further ranges and are difficult for use in engaging a target if the distance to the target is unknown. Further, some non-lethal projectiles have significant drop at longer distances because they often travel at lower velocities than lethal projectiles making them less accurate without proper range adjustments for drop of the projectile. Many projectile launchers are used for both non-lethal and lethal projectiles. Therefore, it is important to know the range of the target to adjust for drop and lethality before firing a non-lethal projectile. In order to accurately adjust for the drop of a non-lethal round, the shooter must know the distance to the target. Once the range is determined, the user can insure both accuracy and lethality parameters are being met considering the distance to the target. The accuracy of a non-lethal projectile can be the difference between life and death. Most non-lethal projectiles are designed to hit the body or limbs to incapacitate a subject and a head shot can cause fatal or substantial injury. Thus by ranging the target and accounting for projectile drop over the distance, the probability of an unintended lethal shot is drastically reduced.
Current M203 or M302 military 40 mm grenade launchers use a mechanical flip-up sighting system that is inaccurate and non-ergonomic. In a lethal/non-lethal combination weapon, the grenade launcher mounts under a military rifle such as an M16 or M4. Because lethal and less lethal rounds will be shot at different distances and velocities a mechanical sight is impractical and will not accommodate varying projectile paths. Further, the weight of the lethal and non-lethal projectiles is significantly different which makes the projectile flight paths significantly different from one another. Consequently, a need exists for a ranging and sighting system capable for use, for both lethal and non-lethal projectile launcher weapons.

Non-lethal/lethal projectile launcher ranging and sighting system


A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) that includes a communication unit configured to periodically respond to a charge signal, and to adjust a travel route and charge waypoint, according to an estimated charge station travel route and waypoint charge time received from a remote fleet server. The estimates are received in response to periodic operating conditions that are generated and communicated to the server. The operating conditions include one or more of charge station, environment, and location data, vehicle data, and battery performance data, among other data. The controller further configured to respond to travel route and/or charge complete signals, and to generate and store an estimate error as a difference between the actual and estimated optimal charge route and charge time. The controller readjusts at least one of the travel route and charge waypoint, responsive to the updated estimated optimal charge route and waypoint charge time received from the server.

In electric and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), long and short distance travel or trips can be unnecessarily costly, and can be extended and/or delayed by the need for recharging of batteries. With the gradual increase in high power and more efficient road side charge stations, such travel time and costs may be reduced, so long as HEVs can be optimally routed to the most efficient, least expensive, and most readily available road side charging stations. Charge performance of HEVs and charge stations is affected by the ambient environment, vehicle performance, charging station capabilities and efficiency, availability due to use and maintenance issues, cost of electricity, and other factors, which can introduce undesirable errors in travel route planning and charge time estimates across such planned routes. In view of the stochastic nature of ever changing charge station locations, efficiency, availability, and costs, such travel planning and charge time estimate errors have persisted despite some attempts to improve accuracy.
Some such attempts have been directed to predicting HEV range of operation estimates, predicting optimal charge station locations, and/or predicting real-time HEV performance. Such attempts appear to have utilized known HEV and charge station performance and look-up table algorithms, which seem to have been employed in different ways with controllers located on board the HEVs. With the vastly increasing number of variables and parameters that define the continuously changing performance of HEVs across a global fleet, and the location and efficiency of charge stations, the capability to accurately estimate optimized routes to high power charge stations has substantially exceeded the technological capability of such on-board HEV processors.

Electric vehicle cloud-based optimal charge route estimation


A parking assistance apparatus can include a sensor for sensing environment information of a vehicle surrounding area, a display for displaying an image of the vehicle surrounding area; and a processor to determine a parking area within the vehicle surrounding area on which parking is allowable, generate virtual parking lines within the parking area, and control the display to display the virtual parking lines, receive an input selecting a candidate parking space within the virtual parking lines, set the selected candidate parking space as a target parking position, and control a vehicle to be driven to the target parking position.

A vehicle is an apparatus that transports a user riding therein in a desired direction. A representative example of a vehicle may be an automobile.
A vehicle includes an internal combustion engine vehicle, an external combustion engine vehicle, a gas turbine vehicle, an electric vehicle, etc. according to the type of motor used. The electric vehicle refers to a vehicle with an electric motor and includes a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), a fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV), etc.
Recently, intelligent vehicles have been actively developed for safety or convenience of a driver or a pedestrian. The intelligent vehicle is an advanced vehicle that uses information technology (IT) and is also referred to as a smart vehicle. The intelligent vehicle provides optimal traffic efficiency by introduction of an advanced vehicle system and via association with an intelligent traffic system (ITS).
In addition, research into a sensor mounted in such an intelligent vehicle has been actively conducted. More specifically, a camera, an infrared sensor, radar, a global positioning system (GPS), Lidar, a gyroscope, etc. are used for the intelligent vehicle. Among others, the camera can augment the role of human eyes.
Accordingly, with development of various sensors and electronic apparatuses, a vehicle including a driver assistance function for assisting with driving and improving driving safety and convenience is attracting considerable attention. In particular, there is an increasing interest in automatic parking technologies for automatically parking a vehicle since a driver may have difficulty in parking her or his vehicle.
Among automatic parking technologies, there is a technology to detect a parking lane by using a camera and automatically park a vehicle in a detected parking space within the parking lane. In general, a camera system for finding a parking space, an around view monitoring (AVM) system, which photographs surroundings of a vehicle, or a rear camera may be used.
In addition, there have been proposed technologies for performing image analysis of an image photographed by the camera, grasping characteristics of an object included in the image, and performing an automatic parking function based on the characteristics of an object. However, the image-based automatic parking function has a problem because it will not work in a parking lot that does not have parking lines, since a target parking space is searched for based on parking lines detected from an image.
In addition, since the automatic parking function is provided by directly setting a position of the target parking space in the parking lot through drag and touch or movement key touch interface by a driver, the processing of setting a separate target parking space may cause inconvenience to a driver. Also, there is a high possibility that the parking lot is inefficiently used when the vehicle is parked in the target parking space set by the driver.
Also, the image-based automatic parking function can sense a parking space based on other vehicles, but it has a problem that the driving corridor area or the like is not considered during the processing of sensing a target parking space based on the other vehicles and therefore, sufficient passage space for the other vehicles may be obstructed due to the host vehicle after parking.
Further, when there is no parking space inside the parking lines in a parking lot with parking lines, there may be a safe space outside the parking lines that the vehicle could park in, but there is a problem that the existing automatic parking function cannot detect an allowable parking space outside of the parking lines.

Parking assistance apparatus and vehicle having the same


A security capability negotiation method is applicable to perform security capability negotiation during a mobile network handover. The method includes the following processes: a second network receives a handover request sent by a first network; an access network entity of the second network selects a corresponding security capability, or an access network entity and a core network (CN) entity of the second network respectively select a corresponding security capability; the second network sends the selected security capability to a user equipment (UE) via the first network. Moreover, a security capability negotiation system is also provided. Consistent with the provided system and method, it may be unnecessary for the MME to know the security capability of the corresponding eNB in a certain manner during a handover from a 2G/3G network to an LTE network. Meanwhile, during the handover from the LTE network to the 3G network, the SGSN does not need to introduce new requirements.

Referring to FIG. 1, an existing 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) radio network is divided into a 3GPP radio access network (RAN) and a core network (CN).
The 3GPP RAN is further classified into three types as follows.
GSM edge radio access network (GERAN): 2G/2.5G access network, collectively referred to as 2G access network below, and including a base transceiver station (BTS) and a base station controller (BSC).
Universal terrestrial radio access network (UTRAN): 3G access network, including a node B (NodeB) and a radio network controller (RNC).
Evolved UMTS terrestrial radio access network (EUTRAN): also known as future long term evolution (LTE) access network, including an evolved node B (eNodeB, and eNB for short below).
The above three RANs are all configured to implement functions related to radio services, and meanwhile realize security capability negotiation with terminals.
A 2G/3G core network is further divided into a circuit-switched (CS) domain and a packet-switched (PS) domain. For ease of illustration, CS-related entities are omitted, and only the PS domain remains. The PS domain performs data service exchange and routing with external packet-based networks beforehand, and includes a serving GPRS support node (SGSN) and a gateway GPRS support node (GGSN). The SGSN is mainly configured to realize route-forwarding, mobility management, session management, and user authentication, and the GGSN is mainly configured to realize the connection with the external packet-based networks, and also implement data transmission on the user plane.
A future evolved core network is also referred to as a system architecture evolution (SAE), including entities such as a mobility management entity (MME) and SAE gateway (SAE GW)/packet data network gateway (PDN GW)/home subscriber server (HSS). Similar to the SGSN, the MME is mainly configured to realize mobility management and user authentication. The SAE GW/PDN GW serves as anchor points on the user plane between different access systems. The HSS is mainly configured to store user subscription data.
In the 2G network, the SGSN performs the security capability algorithm negotiation between the signaling plane and the user plane. In the 3G network, the RNC performs the security capability algorithm negotiation between the signaling plane and the user plane. In the evolved network LTE/SAE, as the RNC/SGSN does not exist, the MME performs the non-access signaling (NAS) algorithm negotiation, and the eNB performs the radio resource control (RRC)/user plane (UP) algorithm negotiation.
When a user is handed over from a 2G/3G network (2G/3G) to an LTE network, or from an LTE to a 2G/3G network, as the entities responsible for the security capability negotiation change and the security capabilities thereof may be different, the security capability negotiation needs to be re-performed. Here, the security capability negotiation means encryption algorithm for the 2G network, means integrity protection algorithm and encryption algorithm for the 3G network, and means NAS algorithm (encryption algorithm and integrity protection algorithm), RRC algorithm (encryption algorithm and integrity protection algorithm), and UP algorithm (encryption algorithm) for the LTE network.
Particularly, during the handover from the LTE network to the 2G/3G network, a user equipment (UE) sends its own GERAN (encryption algorithm)/UTRAN security capability (encryption algorithm and integrity protection algorithm) carried in an initial Layer 3 message to the MME. The MME then sends the capabilities of the UE to the SGSN. The SGSN selects and sends the corresponding GERAN/UTRAN security capability algorithm to the UE through the MME. During the handover from the LTE to 2G, the SGSN selects the security capability algorithm. However, during the handover from the LTE to 3G, according to the above description about the 3G network, the RNC, instead of the SGSN, selects the security capability algorithm; otherwise, the SGSN has to introduce a new requirement of selecting the security capability algorithm. Meanwhile, the SGSN must know the security capability of the RNC in a certain manner, and then sends the selected algorithm to the RNC, so that additional interaction between the SGSN and the RNC needs to be constructed.
During the handover from the 2G/3G to the LTE, the SGSN queries the UE for the NAS (encryption algorithm and integrity protection algorithm)/UP (encryption algorithm)/RRC (encryption algorithm and integrity protection algorithm) security capability. During the handover from the 2G/3G to the LTE, the SGSN sends the capabilities of the UE to the MME. Then, the MME selects and sends all the NAS/RRC/UP security capability algorithms to the UE through the SGSN.
In the implementation of the present invention, it is found in the prior art that, as the MME selects all the NAS/RRC/UP security capability algorithms, the MME must know the security capability of the corresponding eNB in a certain manner (for example, by configuring or extending interactive messages with the eNB), thus resulting in an inflexible configuration and a complicated process flow.

Security capability negotiation method, system, and equipment


A user interface apparatus and a method of improving user interface are provided. The user interface apparatus may detect a change in an incident light and may control a display to represent the detected change in the light to be overlaid on image content. Provided is a user interface apparatus including: a display configured to display image content; a detector configured to detect a change in an incident light; and a controller configured to control the display to overlay the detected change in the light on the image content.

1. Field
Methods and apparatuses consistent with exemplary embodiments relate to a user interface apparatus and a user interface method.
2. Description of the Related Art
Human-computer interaction (HCl) technology refers to technology for enhancing an interaction between a user and a computer. A user input may be transmitted to a computer using various user interfaces, for example, a mouse, a keyboard, and a touchscreen. Such a user interface may be implemented using a hardware component, a software component, or a combination of the hardware component and the software component.
Because a camera, a microphone, and other components are widely utilized in electronic devices, a user interface may further enhance an interaction between a user and a computer. Accordingly, various functions of the electronic devices may be efficiently utilized.

User interface apparatus and user interface method


In system and methods for pre-generating insurance claims, accident data associated with a vehicle accident involving a driver may be collected. The accident data may be analyzed, and a likely severity of the vehicle accident may be determined based upon the analysis of the accident data. An estimated insurance claim may be generated based upon the determined likely severity of the vehicle accident, and transmitted, via wireless communication, from one or more remote servers to a mobile device associated with the driver to facilitate presenting all, or a portion of, the estimated insurance claim to the driver or the insured. A wireless communication from the driver or insured indicating approval, rejection or modification of the estimated insurance claim may be received. The estimated insurance claim may be handled in accordance with the approval, rejection or modification.

When a vehicle accident occurs, insured drivers often do not promptly call their insurance providers to report the accident and initiate a claim. For example, a driver may have other pressing concerns, such as seeking medical assistance, finding and contacting a towing company, contacting individuals whom the driver had been on his or her way to meet, and so on. Moreover, the driver may not recall the details of the accident as clearly once some time has passed and he or she has been occupied with other tasks. As a result, the process of determining and making payouts to insured drivers may be delayed, and the payouts (or lack thereof) may not as accurately reflect the circumstances of the accident.
The present embodiments may overcome these and/or other deficiencies.

Methods of pre-generating insurance claims

State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company


The present disclosure provides a diffracted wave imaging method, device and electronic apparatus. The method comprises: acquiring pre-stack seismic wave field data of a to-be-processed area; extracting target data of a target imaging point; fitting target time sample points in the target data based on the Gaussian model and solving the fitting function to determine a distribution range of the stationary point position signal of the reflected wave in the target data; determining migration imaging data of the target imaging point based on the target data and the distribution range; and determining a diffracted wave imaging result of the to-be-processed area based on the migration imaging data of all the imaging points in the to-be-processed area.

Small-scale, non-continuous geological bodies, such as faults, collapse columns and cracks, are often closely related to distributions of mineral resources. Precisely positioning the inhomogeneous and discontinuous geological bodies may effectively improve the success rate of exploration, reduce costs, and avoid possible occurrences of geological disasters and avoid risks. A diffracted wave is a seismic response to small-scale geological bodies and contains construction information of the small-scale geological bodies, and may be used to precisely position the inhomogeneous and discontinuous geological bodies and provide stronger underground space illuminance. However, compared to the reflected waves, the diffracted waves are characterized by more rapid amplitude attenuation and have much weaker energy during the propagation process, and are easily masked by the reflected waves with strong energy. Therefore, it is necessary to separate the diffracted wave from the reflected wave to enhance the diffracted response, so as to perform a high-precision imaging of the diffracted wave and a precise positioning of the small-scale geological bodies.
In the existing diffracted wave imaging methods, the diffracted wave is mostly separated in the common-offset domain or the post-stack domain, using only the difference in kinematic characteristics of the reflected wave and the diffracted wave, which does not facilitate the diffracted wave imaging. In addition, it is difficult to effectively estimate the Fresnel zone by the Fresnel zone estimation based diffracted wave common-imaging-point gather imaging method, having a larger error.
In summary, the diffracted wave imaging method in the prior art has the technical problem of a poor precision in imaging a diffracted wave.

Diffracted wave imaging method, device and electronic apparatus

CHINA UNIVERSITY OF MINING & TECHNOLOGY, BEIJING


A system for engaging hostile air or space threats with a defensive missile, where the defensive missile comprises an antenna for receiving global positioning system (GPS) signals. A global positioning system receiver is coupled to said antenna, for receiving global positioning system signals directly from global positioning system satellites and global positioning system signals reflected from the threat. A processing arrangement processes the direct and reflected global positioning system signals for determining the position and velocity of the threat. Vectoring controls are coupled to the processing arrangement, and are responsive to the location of the threat for directing the defensive missile toward the threat. In a particular embodiment, the antenna of the defensive missile is directionally controllable, and the defensive missile includes an antenna direction controller responsive to the processor for directing at least a beam of the antenna toward the threat.

In the tracking and engagement of hostile air or space threats, the ability to estimate the target position and velocity with high accuracy is extremely important. Current tracking capabilities include the use of radar. However, additional, independent tracking sources are important for increased accuracy and tracking continuity. This is especially important in the case where the radar track is dropped or the radar track errors are too large to support accurate missile guidance.
Improved or alternative methods are desired for tracking and engaging hostile air or space threats.


Technologies for updating an access control list (ACL) table while minimizing disruption includes a network device. The network device receives a request to store a rule in the ACL. The rule is associated with a precedence group. A precedence group is indicative of a placement priority of a given rule in the ACL. The network device determines, as a function of the precedence group, a placement for the requested rule in the ACL. The network device stores the rule according to the determined placement in the ACL.

In computer networks, a network device (e.g., a network switch, router, etc.) may include an access control list (ACL). Generally, an ACL refers to a strictly ordered list of rules applied to a device. The network device may process network traffic according to rules provided in the ACL. For example, an ACL may include rules that specify certain network hosts or addresses to which the network device should permit or deny access. A network device may implement an ACL in a table provided by a ternary content addressable memory (TCAM). Properties of the TCAM, such as a two-bit encode for search comparisons allows for high-speed searching through the ACL.
Typically, a network device inserts a given ACL rule into a TCAM table based on priority of the rule. For instance, a numeric identifier associated with a rule may be indicative of a priority of the rule. Rules are also packed to be adjacent one another, such that, e.g., a rule of priority 1 is stored in an entry having a row index that is immediately adjacent to an entry storing a rule of priority 5. Consequently, if a rule having a priority between the priority of other rules is to be added to the ACL table in the TCAM, the rules on the ACL would need to be moved to provide an available entry for the new rule. This is particularly inefficient in cases where many rules already stored in the ACL need to be moved to another entry to accommodate the new rule. Further, applications must be aware of the hardware used to implement the ACL (e.g., the TCAM) and keep track of all entries being used at any time.

Technologies for updating an access control list table without causing disruption


A method for implementing single radio voice call continuity, comprises: User Equipment (UE) establishing an IP Multimedia Core Network Subsystem (IMS) session with a remote user through a Packet Switch (PS) network, wherein the IMS session is anchored to an enhanced Mobile Switch Center (eMSC); the PS network sending a handover request to the eMSC for handing over the IMS session to gain access through a Circuit Switch (CS) network; the eMSC receiving the handover request, establishing a media link, and relating a newly established media link with a remote media link of the IMS session, so that the UE can communicate with the remote user through the newly established media link and the remote media link. The present invention also provides a system and an eMSC for supporting single radio voice call continuity.

IP multimedia core network subsystem (IMS) is an IP-based network architecture proposed by the 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP), and it constructs an open and flexible service environment to support multimedia applications and provides users with enriched multimedia services.
In the IMS service system, the control layer and the service layer are with separated, and the control layer only provides the service layer with necessary functions such as triggering, routing and charging rather than specific services.
The functions of service triggering and controlling in the control layer are implemented by the call session control function (CSCF). There are three kinds of CSCFs: proxy-CSCF (P-CSCF), Interrogating-CSCF (I-CSCF) and Serving-CSCF (S-CSCF), wherein S-CSCF takes the main responsibility, and the I-CSCF is an optional network element.
The service layer consists of a series of application servers (AS) to provide specific services, and the AS can be an individual entity or exist in the S-CSCF.
According to the user's contract information, the S-CSCF of the control layer controls the service triggering, calls the services in the AS, and implements the service function. The AS and S-CSCF can be collectively called service equipment (SE).
The end-to-end equipment in the session is called user equipment (UE) and is in charge of the interaction with the users; some UEs can access the network by a variety of methods including accessing the network via the 3GPP packet switch (PS) domain, accessing the network via other non-3GPP PS domain and even accessing the network via the circuit switch (CS) domain.
If the CS network is configured with an enhanced mobile switch center (eMSC), the eMSC provides a session initial protocol (SIP) interface to interact with the IMS network, then the interaction between the IMS network and the CS network can be implemented via the eMSC.
For a UE having a variety of access methods, if the UE can use only one access method at a certain time, and it is performing a certain service such as a call with a certain access method, the UE and the network can provide a certain method not to interrupt the service being performed by the UE when the UE moves to other domains and needs to change the access method in use, and this capability is called single terminal radio voice call continuity, simplified as single radio voice call continuity (SRVCC).
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the SRVCC, and it describes the signaling leg and media leg for establishing a session between the single radio voice call terminal UE-1 and the IMS terminal UE-2, and the signaling leg and media leg between the UE-1 and the UE-2 after the SRVCC happens, and to simplify the illustration and description, the S-CSCF and service continuity AS (SC AS) are combined as one entity and between them, the SIP based on IMS standard is used for communication.
Before the SRVCC happens, a session is established between the UE-1 and the UE-2, whose signaling legs are described as follows:
A102: the signaling leg between the UE-1 and the P-CSCF which communicate with each other via the SIP of the IMS; for the SC AS, this belongs to the access leg;
A104: the signaling leg between the P-CSCF and the SC AS/S-CSCF that communicate with each other via the SIP of the IMS; for the SC AS, this also belongs to the access leg;
R101: the signaling leg between the SC AS/S-CSCF and the UE-2 that communicate with each other via the SIP of the IMS, and for the SC AS, this is a remote leg;
After the SRVCC happens, both the signaling leg and the media leg between the UE-1 and the UE-2 change, wherein, the change of the signaling leg is described as follows:
A112: the signaling leg between the UE-1 and the eMSC that communicate with each other via signaling protocol of the CS domain, and for the SC AS, this is an access leg;
A114: the signaling leg between the eMSC and the SC AS/S-CSCF that communicate with each other via the SIP of the IMS, and for the SC AS, this also belongs to the access leg;
R101: the signaling leg between the SC AS/S-CSCF and the UE-2 that communicate with each other via the SIP of the IMS, and for the SC AS, this is a remote leg, and this remote leg does not change after the SRVCC happens.
FIG. 2 is an architecture diagram of the existing SRVCC, and it describes each related part in the network or each network element participating in the implementation of the SRVCC, as well as the interfaces or the connection relationship between them, and the description is as follows:
Description of the related network elements:
UE: user terminal equipment having SRVCC capability;
CS network: a network providing users with the conventional CS services;
PS network: a network providing users with the PS services;
eMSC: processing the handover request sent by the PS network, performing the inter-domain transfer of the session, relating the CS handover operation with the inter-domain transfer operation and so on;
IMS network: a network providing users with the IMS services.
Description of the related interfaces:
S202: the air interface between the UE and the CS network (briefly called the CS air interface) which is used to implement information interaction between the UE and the CS network, such as the standard Um interface;
S204: the air interface between the UE and the PS network (briefly called the PS air interface) which is used to implement information interaction between the UE and the PS network, such as the standard Uu interface;
S206: the interface between the CS network and the eMSC (also called the CS signaling interface) is different according to different network element which is specifically connected, and the interface between the eMSC and the base station subsystem is the standard Iu-CS interface, and the interface between the eMSC and other mobile switch centers is a standard interoffice signaling interface, that is, the E interface or the Nc interface;
S208: the signaling interface between the PS network and the eMSC (also called the inter-domain handover signaling interface) is to provide inter-domain handover support, and this interface is the standard Sv interface;
S210: the signaling interface between the PS network and the Internet, such as the standard SGi interface, this interface provides IP data bearer for the information interaction between the UE and the Internet, and since the IMS network is based on the Internet, it can be considered as a special kind of Internet;
S212: the signaling leg between the eMSC and the IMS network, it might be the standard I2 interface based on the SIP of the IMS between the eMSC and the IMS network, or consist of the standard Nc interface between the eMSC and the media gateway and the standard Mg interface between the media gateway and the IMS network which are connected; if it is the latter, the media gateway will translates the message at the Nc interface into the SIP message of the IMS, or vise versa; the Nc interface can be based on the SIP (Nc-SIP) or the ISDN user protocol (ISUP) (Nc-ISUP). Although both the Nc-SIP and the I2 interface are based on the SIP, the protocol only specifies the message format, and the message content depends on applications, and using I2 interface indicates that the eMSC supports the IMS related applications, while using Nc-SIP interface indicates that the eMSC supports the conventional CS related applications.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the method for implementing the existing SRVCC, and it describes that an IMS session is established between the UE-1 and the UE-2 so that an IMS media leg is established, and the IMS media leg consists of the media leg between the UE-1 and the PS network and the media leg between the PS network and the UE-2, and after the SRVCC happens in the UE-1, the UE-1 and the network implementation let the UE-1 use the CS domain to establish a media leg and maintain the process of original session continuity, the process comprises the following steps:
Step 301: the UE-1 sends a measurement report to the PS network that serves it via the S204 interface to the PS network, thus to report the signal intensity measurement information of the cells;
Step 302: according to the signal intensity information of each cell in the measurement report, the PS network (original PS network) that serves the UE-1 judges that the nearby CS network is more suitable to serve the UE-1, and then decides to perform handover operation;
Step 303: the corresponding network element in the original PS network, such as the mobile management entity (MME), sends a handover request to the eMSC via the S208 interface between the PS network and the eMSC, such as sending a handover request message which carries the number information of the UE-1 and the number information of the SC AS used for identifying the radio voice call continuity request and acquired by the PS network via the home subscriber server (HSS);
Step 304: the eMSC performs the standard CS handover procedure to prepare the media link resources of the target CS network;
Step 305: after completing the CS handover procedure, the eMSC sends a handover response message to the PS network via the S208 interface, such as sending a handover response message;
Step 306: after the PS network receives the handover response message, it sends a handover command message to the UE-1 via the S204 interface to notify the UE-1 to hand over to the CS domain;
Step 307: after the UE-1 receives the handover command message, it tunes the access method to access via the CS domain;
until now, a CS media leg is established between the UE-1 and the eMSC, and this media leg consists of the CS media leg between the UE-1 and the CS network and the CS media leg between the CS network and the eMSC.
The following steps follows step 303, and they have no order relationship with steps 304˜307.
Step 308: after the eMSC receives the handover request message sent from the PS network, it sends a call request to the SC AS;
the abovementioned call request is sent via the signaling leg of S212 (called interconnected signaling leg), therefore, it can be a SIP INVITE message or a ISUP initial address message (IAM); this call request carries the number information of the UE-1 and the number information of the SC AS, wherein, the number information of the SC AS is the called information, and the number information of the UE-1 is the calling information.
Step 309: the SC AS finally receives the SIP INVITE message of the IMS forwarded by the CSCF, and the SC AS judges that this is one service continuity request according to the called information, and searches out the call in process that is related to this call according to the calling information;
Step 310: the SC AS sends an IMS update request to the UE-2 via the CSCF on the signaling leg of the related call in process, such as sending an UPDATE or a reINVITE message;
Step 311: After the UE-2 receives the update request, it responds a update agreeing message, such as a "200 OK" message;
Step 312: After the SC AS receives the update agreeing message forwarded from the CSCF, it sends a call response message, such as a "200 OK" message, to the eMSC via the signaling leg of S212, and what the eMSC finally receives might be the "200 OK" message of SIP or the answer message (ANM) of ISUP;
until now, a new media leg is established between the eMSC and the UE-2, and the eMSC connects the newly established media leg with the CS media leg so as to make the UE-1 continuously communicate with the UE-2.

Method for realizing single radio voice call continuity and single radio voice call continuity system


Improving the results and process of machine learning service in computer program development. A client's codebase is accessed. A set of features are extracted from the client's codebase. One or more features from the set of features are then selected. Thereafter, at least one of the selected features is sent to a machine learning service that uses the received feature(s) to build custom model(s) for the client's computer system.

Computers and related technology have impacted many aspects of society. Indeed, a computer's ability to process information and to execute applications has transformed the way we both live and work. A computer operates by executing a set of executable instructions (e.g., source code). These instructions are typically created in a development environment by a code developer who is designing an application. In many instances, the developer will iteratively change the code in an effort to improve the code's execution and to remove any coding bugs or errors.
A computer programming project often comprises a large collection of codebases that make up the project. A "codebase" may include source code, associated databases, test files, and/or metadata such as change history and changes made. Source code contained in a codebase often includes not only source code written by different programmers but also multiple preexisting code libraries. Newly created program instructions merge into a larger codebase, and are then compiled, interpreted, and/or built into executable files and other libraries. A computer then executes the executable files to provide the developed functionalities.
Different tools have been created to assist a developer in writing, editing, testing, and debugging an application's source code. Some of these tools include source code editors, debuggers, and integrated development environments (IDES), just to name a few. In addition to using helpful tools, the process of generating and refining source code can be further improved by receiving suggestions from other entities.
The subject matter claimed herein is not limited to embodiments that solve any disadvantages or that operate only in environments such as those described above. Rather, this background is only provided to illustrate one exemplary technology area where some embodiments described herein may be practice.

Extracting program features for assisting software development


A non-slip high chair cushion, having globules C of rubbery polymeric material deposited on a scrim fabric A as by dipping same in a plastic foam material, prevents an infant from sliding forwardly out of the high chair.

This invention relates to a non-slip cushion for high chairs which prevents an infant from sliding out of the high chair and which additionally restricts squirming of the infant.
As has been well recognized in the art, the infant must assume a substantially erect posture when seated in a conventional high chair to avoid sliding forwardly or outwardly therefrom. The infant will not maintain the desired position if allowed to squirm. Various devices have been proposed to improve the posture of the infant or to otherwise prevent the infant from sliding out of the high chair. For instance, U.S. Pat. No. 4,712,833 illustrates a wedge-shaped cushion to prevent forward sliding of the infant. Also, U.S. Pat. No. 3,311,410 illustrates an anti-slip bar having a convex upper side to prevent forward sliding of an infant from a high chair.
Accordingly, it is an important object of the present invention to provide a non-slip high chair cushion which provides sufficient frictional force both between the cushion and the high chair seat and between the cushion and the bottom of the baby to prevent the baby from falling from the high chair.
Another important object of the invention is to provide a non-slip high chair cushion which covers a substantial portion of the upper surface of the high chair seat so as to provide a significant surface area of frictional resistance to movement of the cushion with respect to the high chair seat.
Another important object of the invention is to provide a non-slip high chair cushion having a scrim material which possesses resistance to deformation at right angles to each other.


A press die includes: a die base; a plurality of die members arranged on the die base so as to produce a forming surface; a plurality of shims each of which is interposed between the die base and each of the plurality of die members; and a frame that surrounds the die base, the plurality of die members, and the plurality of shims. Each of the plurality of shims has a hardness higher than the plurality of die members. A regulating means that carries out a regulation so that an amount of displacement of each of the plurality of die members caused by pressure applied during press forming becomes smaller in proportion to proximity of the die member to the frame is provided between the die base and the plurality of die members or provided on the die base.

The present disclosure relates to a press die that is used to form, for example, a fuel cell separator.
A generally known separator that is used for a fuel cell includes a plate made of a hard metal material, such as titanium, in which concavo-convex portions through which hydrogen, oxygen, etc., are allowed to flow are formed.
Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2015-131344 discloses a press die apparatus that has a press die to form the thus structured separator. This press die apparatus includes a lower die that has a concavo-convex upper surface serving as a forming surface and an upper die that has a concavo-convex lower surface corresponding to the forming surface of the lower die. The upper die is disposed so that it can move closer to and away from the lower die. The upper die is moved toward the lower die in a state in which a workpiece plate is placed on the forming surface of the lower die, and, as a result, the workpiece plate is pressed between the forming surfaces of both dies to form concavo-convex portions.
The conventional upper and lower dies disclosed by Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2015-131344 each have a base and a plurality of quadrangular-prism-shaped die members that are disposed on the base and that are fitted in a frame in a mutually aligned state. The forming surface is defined by forward end surfaces of the die members.


A chip package is provided. The chip package includes a sensing device. The chip package also includes a first conductive structure disposed on the sensing device and electrically connected to the sensing device. The chip package further includes a chip and a second conductive structure disposed on the sensing device. The chip includes an integrated circuit device. The second conductive structure is positioned on the chip and is electrically connected to the integrated circuit device and the first conductive structure. In addition, the chip package includes an insulating layer covering the sensing device and the chip. The insulating layer has a hole. The first conductive structure is positioned under the bottom of the hole. The top surface of the insulating layer is coplanar with the top surface of the second conductive structure. A method for forming the chip package is also provided.

Field of the Invention
The invention relates to chip package technology, and in particular to a chip package and methods for forming the same.
Description of the Related Art
The chip packaging process is an important step in the fabrication of electronic products. Chip packages not only protect the chips therein from outer environmental contaminants, but they also provide electrical connection paths between electronic elements inside and those outside of the chip packages.
There are differences between development of sensing chips and integrated circuit chips. Under consideration for fabrication cost, chip packages having sensing functions and other integrated circuit chips are separately and independently disposed on a printed circuit board and are electrically connected to each other through wires.
However, the size of the printed circuit board is limited in this fabrication process. As a result, it is difficult to further decrease the size of the electronic products made therefrom.
Thus, there exists a need in the art for development of a chip package and methods for forming the same capable of mitigating or eliminating the aforementioned problems.

Method for forming chip package having chip connected to sensing device with redistribution layer in insulator layer


Mounting systems for securing a solar array to a mounting frame and clamping systems thereof are disclosed. The clamping systems may include one or more hooks for connecting a solar panel module to mounting frame. The hooks may be disposed on one or more wings of a clamp plate that extend from a rail structure of the clamp plate. The rail structure may form a rail chamber which receives a mounting rail.

Solar arrays are devices that convert light energy into other forms of useful energy (e.g., electricity or thermal energy). One example of a solar array is a photovoltaic array that converts sunlight into electricity. Photovoltaic array assemblies include a photovoltaic panel module that is connected to a mounting frame. The mounting frame supports the modules of the photovoltaic array and connects the modules to an anchoring structure.
Conventionally, several tools are needed to connect the photovoltaic panel modules (e.g., pliers, adjustable wrenches, screwdrivers, pneumatic tools and a compressor, and rivets) to the mounting frame and the modules are connected to the frame by two or more users. The mounting system may also include one or more separate parts (e.g., separate fasteners) that are used to mount the module in the field such as clips, bolts, nuts, screws and the like. Use of separate tools and parts for mounting the solar panel module to the mounting frame in the field adds complexity and time to the mounting process.
A need exists for mounting systems that enable photovoltaic panel modules to be connected to the mounting frame with less or no tools and/or that allow the modules to be connected by a single user.
This section is intended to introduce the reader to various aspects of art that may be related to various aspects of the disclosure, which are described and/or claimed below. This discussion is believed to be helpful in providing the reader with background information to facilitate a better understanding of the various aspects of the present disclosure. Accordingly, it should be understood that these statements are to be read in this light, and not as admissions of prior art.

Mounting systems for securing a solar array and clamping systems thereof


A method and apparatus for obtaining a product chemistry from a solid block is provided. The product is housed within a dispenser, which utilizes a liquid and a gas to erode the block and produce a concentrate solution. The liquid and gas characteristics can be adjusted in the field to achieve a predetermined concentrate level in the solution. The introduction of air into the dispenser saves water, while producing higher concentrate levels.

Dissolution parameters of a solid product into a liquid solution, such as a liquid detergent used for cleaning and sanitizing, change based on the operating parameters of and inputs to the dissolution process. Spraying liquid onto a solid product to dissolve it into a liquid solution is one technique. With this technique, operating parameters change in part based on characteristics within a dispenser apparatus, such as the distance between the solid product and spray nozzle of the dispenser and change in pressure and temperature of liquid being sprayed onto the solid product. Changes in a nozzle's flow rate, spray pattern, spray angle, and nozzle flow can also affect operating parameters of the dispenser, thereby affecting the chemistry, effectiveness, and efficiency of the concentration of the resulting liquid solution. In addition, dissolution of a solid product by spraying generally requires additional space within the dispenser for the nozzles spray pattern to develop and the basin to collect the dissolved product, which results in a larger dispenser.
Dispensing systems using turbulent flow technology have recently begun utilizing harder solid chemical blocks, which result in low concentration capabilities inside the dispenser. With turbulent flow technology, there are various adjustment options to control the solution concentration that exits the dispenser, such as submersion depth, pluck-to-product height, the number and size of holes in the manifold diffuser, the hole layout, the water temperature, the water pressure, and the like. But there is a limit to these adjustment levels. For example, the holes in the diffuser can only be made to a minimum diameter before fowling with dried chemistry over the life of the dispenser. Also, there is a minimum number of holes required to fully cover the solid chemical blocks' surface to achieve even erosion. The turbulent flow technology platform has been moving toward more challenging block erosions, such as for rinse aids, laundry detergents, and healthcare enzymes. As these blocks have become more and more difficult to dispense, the upper bounds of concentration adjustability become limiting factors.
Therefore, a need exists in the art for a method and apparatus for adjustment of the turbulent flow technology in the field to increase solution concentration and to minimize water usage.

Method for increasing dissolution of solid chemistry blocks