A method for processing seismic data. The method includes receiving the seismic data acquired at one or more receivers due to one or more marine vibroseis sources that emit one or more vibroseis sweeps. The method then applies a receiver motion correction algorithm to the received seismic data to generate receiver motion corrected seismic data. After generating the receiver motion corrected seismic data, the method transforms the receiver motion corrected seismic data into a temporal Fourier domain to generate seismic data as a function of frequency. The method then reconstructs the transformed seismic data as a function of frequency to correct for one or more motions of the one or more marine vibroseis sources. After reconstructing the transformed seismic data, the method transforms the reconstructed seismic data to the time domain. The method then generates a seismic image of a subsurface of the Earth based on the transformed reconstructed seismic data.

1. Field of the Invention
Implementations of various technologies described herein generally relate to methods and systems for processing seismic data for a towed marine survey.
2. Description of the Related Art
The following descriptions and examples are not admitted to be prior art by virtue of their inclusion within this section.
Seismic data signals are typically acquired by measuring and recording data during a land or marine seismic survey. A land seismic survey may be performed by repeatedly firing an impulsive seismic energy source at the surface of the earth and recording the received signals at a set of sensors or receivers. Similarly, a marine seismic survey may be performed by repeatedly firing an impulsive seismic energy source (e.g., air-guns, dynamite, marine vibrators or the like) into the sea or at the seafloor and recording the received signals at a set of receivers.
In a towed marine seismic survey, the receivers are typically disposed on seismic streamers and the source is disposed on a seismic source array. Both, the seismic streamers and the seismic source array, may be towed across the sea by a vessel. The sensors may typically be laterally displaced at regular intervals along the seismic streamers. However, there may be situations where a non-regular distribution of the sensors may be preferred or where the source array and the streamers may be positioned at different depth levels.
During the marine seismic survey, the cycle of firing the source and recording the received signals may be repeated a plurality of times. Vibroseis is a seismic method in which a vibrator is used as an energy source to generate a controlled wavetrain. A vibrator is an instrument which produces mechanical oscillations used as a seismic source for vibroseis. As such, during a seismic survey, the vibroseis seismic source applies a sinusoidal vibration of continuously varying frequencies into the surrounding medium during a sweep period typically lasting several seconds. In upsweeping, the vibroseis seismic source initially applies a low frequency sinusoidal vibration and increases the frequency of the vibration with time. Conversely, in downsweeping, the vibroseis seismic source initially applies the highest frequency sinusoidal vibration and decreases the frequency of the vibration with time. In either case, the frequency usually changes linearly with respect to time.
In order to acquire a conventional seismic record from the vibroseis seismic source, the field record, which consists of the superposition of many long reflected wavetrains, should be correlated with a sweep wavetrain. The correlated record then resembles a conventional seismic record such as those created using an impulsive source, as opposed to a vibroseis source.
The vibroseis technique is usually associated with land seismic surveys, but it may also be used with marine seismic surveys. In order to use the vibroseis technique with marine seismic surveys, the seismic data acquired via the vibroseis sources should be processed to address the fact that the sources move a certain distance during the transmission of its wavetrain.


A MOSFET capable of achieving decrease in the number of steps in a manufacturing process and improvement in integration includes an SiC wafer composed of silicon carbide and a source contact electrode arranged in contact with the SiC wafer and containing titanium, aluminum, silicon, and carbon as well as a remaining inevitable impurity. The SiC wafer includes an n+ source region having an n conductivity type and a p+ region having a p conductivity type. Both of the n+ source region and the p+ region are in contact with the source contact electrode. The source contact electrode contains aluminum and titanium in a region including an interface with the SiC wafer.

In a semiconductor device, in many cases, a structure in which an n-type region having an n conductivity type and a p-type region having a p conductivity type are formed and an electrode is connected to the n-type region and the p-type region is adopted. With higher efficiency being achieved in recent years in an apparatus where a semiconductor device is included, a semiconductor device is also required to achieve higher efficiency. In order to achieve higher efficiency of a semiconductor device, the electrode above should be low not only in its own resistance (electrical resistance) but also in contact resistance with the n-type region and the p-type region above.
Meanwhile, in order to achieve a higher withstand voltage and lower loss of a semiconductor device and to enable use thereof in an environment at a high temperature, silicon carbide (SiC) has recently been adopted as a material for forming a semiconductor device. SiC is a wide-bandgap semiconductor greater in bandgap than silicon (Si) that has conventionally widely been used as a material for forming a semiconductor device. Therefore, by adopting SiC as a material for forming a semiconductor device, a higher withstand voltage, a lower ON resistance and the like of a semiconductor device can be achieved. In addition, a semiconductor device adopting SiC as a material is also advantageous in that lowering in characteristics when used in an environment at a high temperature is less likely than in a semiconductor device adopting Si as a material.
In adopting SiC as a material for a semiconductor device, however, it is difficult to avoid increase in Schottky barrier between a p-type region, an n-type region and an electrode as compared with an example where Si is adopted as a material for a semiconductor device. Consequently, a problem of difficulty in suppression of increase in contact resistance between a p-type region, an n-type region and an electrode has arisen.
In contrast, it has been known that contact resistance can be lowered by adopting Ni (nickel) as a material for an electrode in contact with an n-type SiC region containing an n-type impurity (an impurity having an n conductivity type) and adopting Ti (titanium)/Al (aluminum) or AlSi alloy as a material for an electrode in contact with a p-type SiC region containing a p-type impurity (an impurity having a p conductivity type) (see, for example, Satoshi TANIMOTO et al., "Practical Device-Directed Ohmic Contacts on 4H-SiC," IEICE Transactions C, the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers, April 2003, Vol. J86-C, No. 4, pp. 359-367 (Non-Patent Document 1)).


A data processing circuit multiplies, by 2.sup.a, input data supplied in a time-division multiplexed manner over a plurality of lines. The data processing circuit includes first, second, and third data selectors each having first, second, and third input terminals and a single output terminal. The first input terminal of the first selector is supplied with an input signal of "0". A first input line is connected in common to the second input terminal of the first data selector and the first input terminal of the second data selector. A second input line is connected in common to the third input terminal of the first data selector and the second input terminal of the second data selector. A third input line is connected in common to the third input terminal of the second data selector and the second input terminal of the third data selector. The first, second, and third input lines are supplied input data in a time-division multiplexed manner. Each of the first, second, and third data selectors selects one of the input data supplied to the first, second, and third input terminals and outputs the selected data through the output terminal.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a data processing circuit for multiplying, by 2.sup.a, input data supplied in a time-division multiplexed manner over a plurality of lines, for example.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Digital data processing circuits make a wide use of multipliers. To reduce the size of a digital data processing circuit, it is therefore required to reduce the size of the multipliers used because they are larger in circuit scale than adders.
FIG. 1 of the accompanying drawings shows a conventional multiplier. The multiplier shown in FIG. 1 comprises a plurality of connected adder circuits 1A, 1B, . . . each composed of a plurality of full adders.
The conventional multiplier is however large in overall circuit scale as it is simply made of plural connected adder circuits each comprising a plurality of full adders.
According to one proposal, a multiplier may comprise a combination of a processing circuit for multiplying each item of input data by 2.sup.a (a= . . . , -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, . . . ) and adder circuits. The input data may be transmitted in a time-division multiplexed manner over a plurality of lines to the multiplier.
Some systems for transmitting input data in a time-division multiplexed fashion will be described below with reference to FIGS. 2A, 2B, and 2C.
In the system shown in FIG. 2A, data rows A, B, C, . . . each having a word length of 3 bits are successively transmitted over a single signal line. More specifically, if it is assumed that the 3-bit data rows A, B, C, . . . are indicated by A=(A2, A1, A0), B=(B2, B1, B0), C=(C2, C1, C0), . . . , respectively, then the data are successively transmitted in the sequence of A0, A1, A2, B0, B1, 2B2, C0, . . . one bit in a cycle over the signal line.
In the system shown in FIG. 2B, data rows A, B, C, . . . each having a word length of 6 bits are transmitted as data of high-order 3 bits and low-order 3 bits over two signal lines. More specifically, if it is assumed that the 6-bit data rows A, B, C, . . . are indicated by A=(A5, A4, A3, A2, A1, A0), B=(B5, B4, B3, B2, B1, B0), C=(C5, C4, C3, C2, C1, C0), . . . , respectively, then the data are successively transmitted in the sequence of A0, A1, A2, B0, B1, B2, C0, . . . one bit in a cycle over the first signal line, and in the sequence of A3, A4, A5, B3, B4, B5, C3, . . . one bit in a cycle over the second signal line with a delay of 3 cycles with respect to the first signal line.
In the system shown in FIG. 2C, data rows A, B, C, . . . each having a word length of 9 bits are transmitted as data of high-order 3 bits, middle-order 3 bits, and low-order 3 bits over three signal lines. More specifically, if it is assumed that the 9-bit data A are indicated by A=(A8, . . . , A1, A0), then the low-order bits (A0, A1, A2) are transmitted over the first signal line, the middle-order bits (A3, A4, A5) are transmitted over the second signal line with a delay of 3 cycles, and the high-order bits (A6, A7, A8) are transmitted over the third signal line with a further delay of 3 cycles. If it is assumed that the 9-bit data B are indicated by B=(B8, . . . , B1, B0), then the bits (Bj, Bj+1, Bj+2) of the data B are transmitted, following the bits (Aj, Aj+1, Aj+2) of the data A, over the signal lines. The bits of the data C are thereafter transmitted following the data B.
According to a generalization of the data transmission systems shown in FIGS. 2A, 2B, and 2C, data rows A, B, C, . . . each having a word length of n (n is a multiple of 3) can be transmitted in a time-division multiplexed fashion over n/3 signal lines. The data structure of the data rows is expressed by the following equations (1): ##EQU1## where An-1, Bn-1, Cn-1 are MSBs and A0, B0, C0 are LSBs.
The data rows according to the equations (1) can also be transmitted in a time-division multiplexed manner over 2.times.n/6 signal lines, as shown in FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C. FIG. 3A shows a data transmission system in which data rows A, B, C, . . . each having a word length of 6 bits are transmitted over two signal lines. FIG. 3B shows a data transmission system in which data rows A, B, C, . . . each having a word length of 12 bits are transmitted over four signal lines. FIG. 3C shows a data transmission system in which data rows A, B, C, . . . each having a word length of 18 bits are transmitted over six signal lines. Furthermore, data rows A, B, C, . . . each having a word length of n (n is a multiple of 4) can be transmitted in a time-division multiplexed fashion over n/4 signal lines.

System for multiplying digital input data in a multiplier circuit


The present invention provides a method and system for managing various Regulations, Policies and Risks (RPR). These RPR are managed for supporting Governance, Risk and Compliance requirements of an organization. The method includes defining a tree structure for a context. The tree structure is defined for one or more RPR and one or more roles of a plurality of users of the organization. The RPR are intervened across various trees. A plurality of nodes is defined for the tree. Each node includes a plurality of attributes and one or more attribute functions.

The present invention relates to the field of Governance, Risk and Compliance (GRC). More specifically, the present invention relates to a method and system for managing a plurality of Regulations, Policies and Risks (RPR) to support GRC requirements of an organization.
Organizations need to be compliant with various regulations. These regulations are propagated by various regulatory authorities such as state government, local government, and so forth. Examples of these regulations include, but are not limited to, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX), the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA), the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), and so forth. Some of these regulations are cross-industry regulations while others are specific to an industry. Industry-specific regulations are called industry standards and they usually provide formats and procedures to be followed in order to comply with the standard. Examples of industry standards include, but are not limited to, Good Practices quality guidelines and regulations (G×P), used in many fields, including pharmaceutical and food industries. Organizations also define internal regulations to improve their performance by defining various internal policies, rules, and so forth.
Presently, organizations comply with various regulations and industry standards by managing them individually. For example, if an organization needs to comply with the SOX and the OSHA regulations, then it defines one system for managing the SOX regulation and another system for managing the OSHA regulation. Typically, committees are formed to determine the policies and processes that the organization needs to follow to comply with a regulation. Further, these committees determine various infrastructural needs for the organization to comply with the regulation. Thereafter, a system is set up to handle the compliance requirements. Typically, the systems designed for managing regulations become outdated with updates in the regulations.
The organizations face a number of problems in managing various regulations and industry standards. Typically, the regulations and industry standards are frequently amended by regulatory authorities. In addition, new regulations are frequently propagated by these regulatory authorities. Therefore, new systems need to be designed frequently for managing various regulations. Furthermore, the existing systems need to be upgraded frequently due to amendments in the regulations. The design and up-gradation of these systems is a manual process. In many cases, various regulations and policies have overlapping compliance requirements. Therefore, managing the regulations becomes effort intensive, duplicated, non-standardized, and prone to discrepancies. These organizations need to monitor the compliance processes regularly. However, frequent amendments in the regulations and standards make it difficult for the organizations to continuously monitor these compliance processes.
In light of the discussion above, there is a need for a method, system and computer program product for efficiently managing various regulations. Further, such a method should be standardized and should enable faster adoption to amendments in regulations. Moreover, such a method should enable continuous monitoring of various compliance processes.

Method and system for managing a plurality of regulations, policies and risks


A terminal structure includes a wiring layer, a protective insulation layer, an open portion, and a connection terminal. The protective insulation layer covers the wiring layer. The open portion extends through the protective insulation layer in a thickness-wise direction to expose part of an upper surface of the wiring layer. The connection terminal is formed on the wiring layer exposed from the open portion. The open portion includes a wall surface, a depression, and a projection. The wall surface extends downward from an upper surface of the protective insulation layer. The depression is depressed into the protective insulation layer from the wall surface toward an outer side of the open portion. The projection is formed under the depression, continuously with the depression, and projected from the depression into the open portion further inward than the wall surface in a plan view. The depression is filled with the connection terminal.

Various shapes and structures have been suggested for a wiring substrate on which electronic components such as a semiconductor element and the like are mounted. In recent years, an increase in integration and sophistication of semiconductor elements has resulted in a higher demand for finer wiring of the wiring substrate on which semiconductor elements are mounted. To meet such a demand, a wiring substrate includes an insulating layer applied to a base substrate on which a wiring pattern is formed. A via hole extends through the insulating layer in a thickness-wise direction, and a rod-shaped connection terminal is formed on the wiring pattern exposed through the via hole (refer to Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2012-54519).


The alkoxide compound of the present invention is represented by general formula (I) below. The alkoxide compound of the present invention is an iron compound that can be delivered in a liquid state and is easily vaporized due to its high vapor pressure. The compound particularly enables production of thin films with excellent composition controllability, and hence is suitable for producing multi-component thin films by CVD.

Iron-containing thin films are mainly used as members of electronic components such as high dielectric capacitors, ferroelectric capacitors, gate insulators, and barrier films and magnetic bodies.
Methods for producing the above-mentioned thin films include flame deposition, sputtering, ion-plating, MOD processes such as coating thermal decomposition, sol-gel process and the like, chemical vapor deposition (hereinafter, may be simply described as CVD), and others. The optimum production process is chemical vapor deposition including ALD (Atomic Layer Deposition) because it has a number of advantages such as excellent performances in composition control and step-coverage, suitability for mass production, and capability of hybrid integration.
In MOD and CVD processes, compounds using organic ligands are used as precursors supplying metal to thin films. As the organic ligand, there has been reported an alcohol having an ether group or a dialkylamino group at the terminal, which provides a precursor with relatively high vapor pressure and hence is suitable for forming thin films by CVD. As for silicon, Patent Document 1 reports a silicon alkoxide containing a ligand derived from an alcohol having a terminal alkoxy group. There have been also reported various metal compounds containing ligands derived from alcohols having a terminal amino group, which is a donor group coordinating to a metal atom. Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3 report titanium compounds and zirconium compounds, Non-patent Document 1 reports lanthanide compounds, and Non-patent Document 2 reports copper aminoalkoxide compounds.
As for iron, however, there is no report on an alkoxide compound having a terminal amino group or no report on evaluation of the method for forming thin films using such a compound.
Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. H6-321824
Patent Document 2: Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2000-351784
Patent Document 3: Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2003-119171
Non-Patent Document 1: Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 36, No. 16, 1997, p. 3545-3552
Non-Patent Document 2: Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 36, No. 14, 1997, p. 2930-2937

Alkoxide compound, thin film-forming material and method for forming thin film

Abstract: (In the formula, R1 and R2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or C1-4 alkyl group, R3 and R4 each represent a C1-4 alkyl group, and A represents a C1-8 alkanediyl group.)


An extraction system for removing an object from a bore, the extraction system comprising an extraction pole assembly comprising a plurality of extraction poles, each extraction pole having a proximal end and a distal end; and a plurality of centering couplers, each centering coupler of the plurality of centering couplers comprising a partial spherical outer surface sized to complement a diameter of the bore, a proximal end configured to couple to a distal end of an extraction pole, and a distal end configured to couple to a proximal end of the extraction pole. The extraction pole assembly can be operable with a press assembly comprising a clamp configured to secure to the structure having the bore, and an extendable member configured to provide an input force to an extraction pole of the extraction pole assembly.

Artillery projectiles, such as "guided" projectiles comprising complex guidance systems, are becoming increasingly sophisticated and expensive. In view of the high cost of a projectile, it is increasingly important to recover any unused projectiles that are not fired, or during field testing. For example, a projectile may be loaded into a barrel of a projectile firing device, but not subsequently fired, such as is the case during field testing situations. In such instances, the projectile should be removed from the breech such that it can be used at a later time. However, the projectile often fits snuggly within the breech and cannot be easily removed.
Various methods have been used in the past to remove projectiles from the breech. The prior methods have included dropping a weight down an inclined barrel to dislodge the projectile and inserting a push rod in the barrel and pressing the push rod with either a hydraulic jack or hitting the push rod with a hammer to dislodge the projectile. While the previous attempts were typically successful in removing the projectile from the breech, they have several potential shortcomings. For example, the dropped weight could damage the rifling of the barrel or damage the projectile. Similarly, the push rod can damage the projectile, or the push rod can bend, binding in the barrel and potentially damaging the inner surface of the barrel.
Reference will now be made to the examples illustrated, and specific language will be used herein to describe the same. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of the invention is thereby intended.

Extraction pole assembly for extracting projectiles from a bore


Dynamic control channel establishment for an access network is described in which a centralized controller provides seamless end-to-end service from a core-facing edge of a network to access nodes. For example, a method includes receiving, by the centralized controller, a discover message originating from a network node, which includes an intermediate node list that specifies a plurality of network nodes the discover message traversed from the network node to an edge node, determining, based on the plurality of nodes specified by the discover message, a path from the edge node to the network node, allocating each of a plurality of Multi-protocol Label Switching (MPLS) labels to a respective outgoing interface of each of the plurality of network nodes, and outputting one or more control messages for configuring the network node, wherein the control messages are encapsulated within a label stack comprising the allocated plurality of labels.

A wide variety of computing devices connect to service provider networks to access resources and services provided by packet-based data networks, such as the Internet, enterprise intranets, content providers and virtual private networks (VPNs). For example, many fixed computing devices utilize fixed communication links, such as optical, digital subscriber line, or cable-based connections, of service provider networks to access the packet-based services. In addition, a vast amount of mobile computing devices, such as cellular or mobile smart phones and feature phones, tablet computers, and laptop computers, utilize mobile connections, such as cellular radio access networks of the service provider networks, to access the packet-based services.
Each service provider network typically provides an extensive access network infrastructure to provide packet-based data services to the offered services. The access network typically includes a vast collection of access nodes, aggregation nodes and high-speed edge routers interconnected by communication links. These access devices typically execute various protocols and exchange signaling messages to anchor and manage subscriber sessions and communication flows associated with the subscribers. For example, the access devices typically provide complex and varied mechanisms for authenticating subscribers, identifying subscriber traffic, applying subscriber policies to manage subscriber traffic on a per-subscriber basis, applying various services to the traffic and generally forwarding the traffic within the service provider network.
As such, access networks represent a fundamental challenge for service providers and often require the service providers to make difficult tradeoffs over a wide range of user densities. For example, in some environments, user densities may exceed several hundred thousand users per square kilometer. In other environments, user densities may be as sparse as one or two users per square kilometer. Due to this diversity of requirements, access networks typically make use of a host of heterogeneous communication equipment and technologies.

Dynamic control channel establishment for software-defined networks having centralized control


A material for an optical component comprising polytungstic acid having peroxo groups, and an optical component, at least part of which is constituted of a thin film of the above-mentioned material. By using this material, a thin film of an inorganic material having an excellent stability is formed by the inexpensive wet painting method. An optical component using the above-mentioned thin film can be formed on an arbitrary substrate with high accuracy at a low temperature of about 100.degree. C. or below. The polytungstic acid may contain carbon as a heteroatom and/or may have Nb, Ti, V, Ta and/or Mo substituted for part of W.

The present invention relates to an optical material suitable for micro optical components such as a thin-film wave guide, a micro lens, a micro prism, etc. used in an optical integrated circuit or the like, and an optical component using the same.
Materials for a lens, a prism, or a thin-film wave guide, which have heretofore been used, include LiNbO.sub.3 having Ti, V, or Ni diffused therein (see R. V. Schmit and I. P. Kaminow, Appl. Phys. Letts, 25 (1974), 458), ZnO deposited by sputtering (see P. K. Tien, Appl. Opt. 10 (1971), 2395) and polymethyl methacrylate. In the case of an inorganic material, the technique concerning the above-mentioned conventional materials requires a vacuum technique such as evaporation or sputtering for formation of a thin film and a micro pattern. In these so-called dry processes, an expensive apparatus and a complicated operation are needed, and formation of a film takes time and hence the productivity is unsatisfactory.
On the other hand, in the case of an organic polymer material, a uniform and good coating film can be obtained by the simple and inexpensive wet painting method. Thus, investigations have been widely made on this material. However, the optical properties are unstable and variation thereof with time is large.
Under such circumstances, an optical material suitable for micro optical components, which is made of a highly stable inorganic material having a high refractive index and a notably high transparency to light having longer wavelengths than those of ultraviolet rays, has been eagerly demanded. Further, it has been eagerly demanded that a coating film can be prepared therefrom by a simple painting method without the need of the vacuum technique.

Material for micro optical component and optical component using the same


Prioritized user interfaces are disclosed. A user interface may include a menu including a plurality of selectable items displayed in respective menu positions. A menu position of at least one of the plurality of selectable items is assigned based on a prioritization level of the at least one selectable item. The prioritization level is based at least partially on a selection metric for the at least one selectable item. The user interface may also include a menu locator indicating a location of a menu within a multi-level menu structure. The menu locator may include a first indicator of a position within a first level of the multi-level menu structure and a second indicator of a position within a second level of the multi-level menu structure.

In recent years, wireless-enabled electronic devices have become more pervasive. Historically, wireless capability may have been the near-exclusive domain of wireless telephones and pagers, but the category of wireless-enabled devices has grown to include several different device types including Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs), gaming devices, audio players, video players, and more.
Many of these devices, from wireless telephones to portable audio players, have also become more feature-rich. With the increased availability of new features, services, and technologies, device use has become more complex and user interface strategy has become more important.
User-interface designers often develop and test many different interfaces in an effort to ensure that device users will be able to easily and quickly navigate through the "laundry list" of available options. The increasingly complex interfaces being developed today face the additional challenge of a relatively small display space. Presenting a single screen with all the available features represented by a unique icon, word or phrase may not be possible.
As such, a need exists for a better interface—one that presents a device user with an easy to use and timely technique for accessing desired features.


It is an object of the invention to provide a polymersome excellent in the safety and feeling in use; in particular, there is no sticky feeling but there is a good refreshing feeling; and with excellent base-agent stability. A polymersome of the present invention comprises a block-type alkylene oxide derivative represented by the following formula (I) as the membrane component:R1O-[(EO)l(AO)m(EO)n]—R2  (I)wherein AO is an oxyalkylene group having 3 to 4 carbon atoms, EO is an oxyethylene group, m and 1+n are the average addition mole numbers for the oxyalkylene group and the oxyethylene group, respectively, and 1≦m≦70, 1≦l+n≦70; the percentage of the oxyethylene groups with respect to the sum of the oxyalkylene groups having 3 to 4 carbon atoms and the oxyethylene groups is 20 to 80 mass %; the addition pattern of the oxyalkylene groups having 3 to 4 carbon atoms and the oxyethylene groups is block-type; and R1 and R2 are identical or different hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

If a drug is microencapsulated and administered in vivo, the metabolism of the drug in vivo is suppressed, and the medicinal effect can be maintained over a long period of time. Because of such a merit, various microencapsulation technologies for active ingredients have been searched in the fields of drugs, cosmetics, food, etc. As one of these technologies, the so-called vesicles are attracting attention. The vesicles are small enclosed sacs having a bimolecular membrane structure and formed of amphiphilic substances. Because of the unique structure, the containment of active ingredients is possible, and they are attracting attention as the carrier in drug delivery system.
Numerous amphiphilic substances that form vesicles have been investigated. In particular, vesicles consisting of phospholipids derived from biological sources are called liposomes, and various studies have been carried out from the viewpoint of safety to the body. For example, there is a report that a vesicle dispersion was formed by combining a phospholipid and a specific cationic surfactant, and this was applied to cosmetics (for example, refer to Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2006-193461). However, the liposome components are mainly derived from natural sources; therefore, they are affected by pH and temperature as well as electrolytes. Thus, there are numerous restrictions in terms of stability over time.
There are also numerous reports of synthetic surfactants as other amphiphilic substances that form vesicles. In Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2006-104142, for example, the technology wherein a mono(long-chain aliphatic)tri(short-chain alkyl)ammonium salt, a di(long-chain aliphatic)di(short-chain alkyl)ammonium salt, and a higher alcohol are used has been disclosed. In recent years, vesicle compositions wherein multi-chain multi-hydrophilic group type surfactants are used have been investigated (refer to Japanese unexamined Patent Publication No. 2006-290894).
However, the technology for hair cosmetics in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2006-104142 was sometimes unfavorable in terms of skin safety depending on the blending quantity of the cationic surfactant. In the technology in Japanese unexamined Patent Publication No. 2006-290894, an amino acid-based surfactant was used. Thus, the vesicles can be obtained by a simple method; however, the stability of the vesicles over time was not satisfactory.
In particular, the vesicles wherein amphiphilic diblock and multiblock copolymers, in which at least one block is hydrophobic and at least one block is hydrophilic, are used as the amphiphilic substance are called "polymersomes". Their excellent mechanical stability and unique chemical properties, compared with the conventional liposomes and micelles, have been attracting attention (for example, refer to Science, 2002, 297, 967-973 and Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS), 2005, 102, 2922-2927).
Polymersomes can be stably prepared by numerous technologies common to those of liposomes (for example, refer to E. Biotechnol. Bioeng., 2001, 73, 135-145). Moreover, many-micron giant vesicles and monodisperse vesicles with a diameter of 100 nanometers can be obtained by film rehydration, sonication, and extrusion.
Polymersomes are also known to have a capability not only to entrap water-soluble hydrophilic compounds (drugs, vitamins, fluorophores, etc.) inside of their aqueous cavities but also to entrap hydrophobic molecules within their thick lamellar membranes. In addition, the size, membrane thickness, and the stabilities of those synthetic vesicles can be rationally adjusted by selecting a chemical structure of the block copolymer, number average molecular weight, hydrophilic to hydrophobic volume fraction, and various intermediary preparation methods. Accordingly, polymersomes can be provided with numerous attractive characteristics that are expected to be applied to various uses in medical imaging, drug delivery, and cosmetic devices (for example, refer to Journal of Controlled Release, 2005, 101, 187-198).
Specific vesicles of PEO-PEE (polyethylene oxide-polyethylethylene) or PEO-PBD (polyethylene oxide-polybutadiene) are known to form polymersomes with a membrane thickness of improved stability (for example, about 100 nm) compared with liposomes. For example, the PEO-PEE diblock copolymer introduced by Hillmeyer and Bates (refer to Macromolecules, 1996, 29, 6994-7002), especially EO 40-EE 37 (designated OE7, where EO is an ethylene oxide monomer and EE is an ethylethylene monomer), is reported to form a very thick membrane and show higher mechanical stability compared with any natural lipid membrane (refer to Science, 1999, 284, 1143-1164).

Polymersomes and production method thereof


A hub device includes an upstream port, multiple downstream ports, a first and a second sub-hub module, a data-format detector, a transaction translator, and a controller. The upstream port is coupled to a host device supporting a first and/or a second data format. Each downstream port is coupled to one of a plurality of slave devices supporting a first and/or a second data format. The first sub-hub module supports transmission of data in the first data format. The second sub-hub module supports transmission of data in the second data format. The data-format detector detects the data format supported by the host device and the slave devices. The transaction translator transforms the data format between the first data format and the second data format. The controller determines whether to control the transaction translator to perform data-format transformation.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a data transmission method, and more particularly to a hub device and a data transmission method.
2. Description of the Related Art
The Universal Serial Bus (USB), which is a standard for data transmission between a host device and a slave device, is commonly used in electronic devices. The data transmission bandwidth of USB 2.0 (also called high-speed USB) standard is 480 Mbps, and the data transmission bandwidth of USB 3.0 (also called Super Speed USB) is up to 5 Gbps.
Although USB 3.0 is an outstanding new standard, the USB 2.0 devices are still commonly used and continue to be prevalent on the market. Therefore, the USB 2.0 devices cannot be immediately replaced by the USB 3.0 devices. In this regard, the USB 3.0 host devices still have to support both USB 2.0 and 3.0 slave devices.
However, as defined in the USB 3.0 specifications, the USB 3.0 hub device includes a super speed sub-hub for supporting USB 3.0 data transmission and a USB 2.0 sub-hub for supporting USB 2.0 data transmission. Both of them are coupled between an upstream port for connecting to the host device and multiple downstream ports for connecting to the slave devices.
The upstream bus between the super speed sub-hub and the upstream port is USB 3.0 bus, and the upstream bus between the USB 2.0 sub-hub and the upstream port is USB 2.0 bus. When the USB 2.0 slave device is coupled to one of the downstream ports of the hub device, the data transmission path is formed by the USB 2.0 sub-hub through the USB 2.0 bus to the upstream port.
Therefore, when multiple USB 2.0 slave devices are concurrently coupled to the hub device, the slave devices share the 480 Mbps bandwidth of the upstream USB 2.0 bus. For example, when one USB 2.0 slave device is coupled to the hub device, the USB 2.0 slave device can use 480 Mbps bandwidth. When two USB 2.0 slave devices are coupled to the hub device, each USB 2.0 slave device may only use 480/2=240 Mbps bandwidth. When four USB 2.0 slave devices are coupled to the hub device, each USB 2.0 slave device may only use 480/4=120 Mbps bandwidth.
In other words, when multiple USB 2.0 slave devices are concurrently coupled to the hub device, the bandwidth that can be used is limited to the bandwidth of the upstream USB 2.0 bus, while the large bandwidth provided by the USB 3.0 bus between the super speed sub-hub and the upstream port is left unused.

Data transmission methods and hub devices utilizing the same


An X-ray transmission film 2 of a SiN film is formed on the surface of a mask base 1. Formed on the surface of the X-ray transmission film 2 are an LSI pattern 3, and an alignment mark 4 composed of a convex portion 4a and a concave portion 4b. On the surface of the convex portion 4a is an alignment light reflection grating pattern 5 of a tungsten film. Formed on the surface of the concave portion 4b is a metal film 7 of a tungsten film.. With this arrangement, a laser light beam 13 does not reach a semiconductor substrate 30 through the alignment mark 4. Thus, when detecting a first-order reflection diffracted light beam 14 from the alignment mark 4 by means of a photodetector, there is no inclusion of unwanted reflected light beams from the semiconductor substrate 30.

This invention relates to an X-ray mask for use in the X-ray lithography in semiconductor device process, and further it pertains to a process of producing the X-ray mask.
High-density, high-speed semiconductor devices, specially large scale integrated (LSI) circuits, which have been developed in recent years, inevitably require the microstructure of the components. In semiconductor device process, the wavelength of light, used in a photolithographic process, plays an important role, since the shorter the wavelength is, the tinier the component becomes. Soft X-rays (hereinafter referred to just as "X-rays") have a very short wavelength, in the vicinity of 1 nm. X-ray lithography, using such an X-ray source, is most attractive as a next generation lithographic system, accordingly.
Generally, an X-ray mask for use in the X-ray lithography employs a thin X-ray transmission film composed of a light element material for minimizing damping that occurs as an X-ray passes through the X-ray mask, and an X-ray absorption film deposited on the X-ray transmission film composed of a heavy metal with an X-ray adsorbability for transferring patterns (i.e., the absorber patterns) onto a semiconductor substrate.
With reference to the accompanying drawings, the aforesaid conventional X-ray mask is now described below. FIG. 33 shows, in cross section, a conventional X-ray mask G. In the figure, the reference numeral 1 denotes a frame-like mask base of a Si substrate. Formed on the surface of the base 1 is an X-ray transmission film 2 (a membrane) of a SiN film. On the surface of the X-ray transmission film 2 are LSI patterns 3. Also, alignment marks 4 are formed on the X-ray transmission film 2. Both the LSI pattern 3 and the alignment mark 4 are X-ray absorbers of tungsten films.
The X-ray mask G is now detailed. The X-ray transmission film 2 with a thickness of 2 .mu.m is formed on the surface of the base 1. On the surface of the X-ray transmission film 2 are the LSI pattern 3 and the alignment mark 4 with a thickness of 0.7 .mu.m. Further, an etching is applied to the back of the base 1 within an exposure region for X-ray transmission.
The X-ray transmission film 2 may be composed of a Si film or a thin diamond film in place of a SiN film. As for the LSI pattern 3 and the alignment mark 4, a thin heavy metal film of Au, Ta or the similar materials may be used instead of using a tungsten film.
The X-ray lithography based on X-ray sources, however, suffers a drawback in that converging lenses for X-rays are nonexistent, because of which the step-and-repeat projection with demagnification is difficult to perform. As a result of this reason, a full-scale, vary tiny transfer pattern with the same size as an image pattern on a semiconductor substrate must be formed on the X-ray mask G.
For the foregoing X-ray lithography, the X-ray mask G is placed proximal to a semiconductor substrate 30 having thereon alignment marks 31 and a resist 32 on its surface, with a gap of, for example, about 20 .mu.m between them (see FIG. 34). Then the X-ray mask G is aligned with respect to the semiconductor substrate 30. X-rays (synchrotron orbital radiation (SOR)) given off from an accumulation ring (not shown) and directed by beam lines are irradiated.
The X-ray lithographic system described above employs a detecting method for detecting possible misregistration between the X-ray mask G and the semiconductor substrate 30. In such a misregistration detecting method, the alignment mark 4, of a diffraction grating, formed on the X-ray mask G and the alignment mark 31, of a diffraction grating, formed on the semiconductor substrate 30 are at the same time irradiated with laser light beams (i.e., alignment light beams). Then the reflection diffracted light beam from the alignment mark 4 is compared with another from the alignment mark 31, which has been known as one of the most accurate alignment methods. This method will be detailed below.
As shown in FIG. 34, a laser light beam 13A incident upon the back of the X-ray mask G passes through the X-ray transmission film 2 so that the alignment mark 4 is irradiated. This results in the generation of reflection diffracted light beams. A first-order reflection diffracted light beam 14 of the reflection diffracted light beams is detected with a first photodetector (not shown). A laser light beam 13B, on the other hand, passes through a region of the X-ray transmission film 2 without the alignment mark 4 and irradiates the alignment mark 31 on the semiconductor substrate 30. This results in the generation of another first-order reflection diffracted light beam 15. The first-order reflection diffracted light beam 15 from the alignment mark 31 on the semiconductor substrate 30 is detected by a second photodetector (not shown). The first-order reflection diffracted light beam 14 is compared with the first-order reflection diffracted light beam 15 for phase difference, in order to detect a misregistration between the X-ray mask G and the semiconductor substrate 30.
However, in accordance with the above-described misregistration detecting method which uses the conventional X-ray mask G, a zero-order transmission diffracted light beam 16 is reflected by the surface of the semiconductor substrate 30 so that it again irradiates the alignment mark 4 to form an unwanted diffracted light beam 17 composed of a first-order transmission diffracted light beam. The trouble is that the unwanted diffracted light beam 17 diffracts with the first-order reflection diffracted light beam 14 necessary for detecting a misregistration. This results in the superposition of the first-order reflection diffracted light beam 14 and the unwanted diffracted light beam 17. The superimposed light beams are detected by the first photodetector. Considerable detection errors are likely to occur in detecting the first-order reflection diffracted light beam 14.
Additionally, the conventional X-ray mask G presents a further problem that detection errors may be caused not only by the aforesaid zero-order transmission diffracted light beam 16 but also by another first-order transmission diffracted light beam 18 or a high-order transmission diffracted light beam (not shown).
Further, the generation of transmission light beams that penetrate the X-ray transmission film 2 means that the first reflection diffracted light beam 14 used for the detection of misregistration has lower light strength compared to the laser light beam 13A irradiated upon the alignment mark 4. This results in a poor signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio.
Japanese published Patent Application 2-293748 discloses a technique to prevent an alignment light beam irradiated on the alignment mark 4 from passing through it (the alignment mark 4) as well as from finally reaching the semiconductor substrate 30. This prior art technique shows an X-ray mask with an alignment mark having on its surface an alignment light absorption film of colored gelatin. Such a proposed X-ray mask, however, has a disadvantage in that the light strength of a first-order reflection diffracted light beam used for detecting a misregistration cannot be intensified because the alignment light absorption film absorbs the alignment light beams. The prior art technique does not contribute to the improvement of S/N ratio.

X-ray mask and process comprising convex-concave alignment mark with alignment reflection film

Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.


A cooking vessel for cooking foodstuff includes a base that has an outer sidewall, a generally hollow interior and a generally open top. A lid is removably mounted to the base and complementarily covers the open top of the base in a first position. The lid includes a handle that extends outwardly from the lid away from the base in the first position. A lid holder is rotatably mounted to the outer sidewall of the base. The lid holder engages with the handle to support the lid in a second position. The open top of the base at least partially exposes the hollow interior when the lid is in the second position. The lid holder is rotatable between a support position and a storage position. The lid holder extends partially above the open top of the base in the support position and is entirely below the open top in the storage position.

This invention generally relates to lid holder for a cooking vessel and, more particularly, to a lid holder that is rotatably attached to an outer sidewall of a cooking vessel and engages with a lid handle to hold the lid in a generally vertical position.
Cooking vessels, such as pots, pans and slow cookers, often have a removable lid to prevent excessive evaporation and heat loss during cooking and between servings. There is often a need to intermittently remove, hold or store the hot lid while performing various activities required during cooking or serving. Because of the constrained confines and clutter of most kitchens and the short time period needed for accessing the contents of the cooking vessel, it is desirable to keep the lid close to the cooking vessel while accessing the contents of the cooking vessel. Additionally, the condensation and/or foodstuff left on the inner surface of the lid may drip from the lid and fall on nearby surfaces creating a mess and/or damaging certain surfaces such as wooden tables. Lid holders for holding the lid proximate the cooking vessel are known such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 1,745,548 and 5,683,010. However, known lid holders do not position the lid such that the moisture on the interior lid surface drips back into the cooking vessel. Additionally, known lid holders are either positioned on the rim or the handles of the cooking vessel thereby hindering normal use of the cooking vessel.
What is therefore needed, but not provided in the prior art, is a lid holder that is mounted on the outer sidewall of the cooking vessel and engages with the lid handle to direct the moisture draining from the lid back into the cooking vessel and leaves the rim and handles of the cooking vessel unobstructed. Additionally, it is desirable to provide a lid holder that is rotatable from a lid support position to a storage position.


An electric hub unit includes a hub composed of first casing and a second casing. An electric unit is located between the first and second casings. An axle extends through two respective centers of the first and second casings. The first casing has a reception recess defined in one side thereof. A first extension and a second extension extend axially from the first casing and toward in opposite directions. A bearing is located in the inside of the second extension. A socket unit has a tubular portion and a ratchet unit is connected to the socket unit. The socket unit is mounted to outside of the first casing, and a bearing and a plate are located between the tubular portion and the first extension. The hub unit prevents water and foreign objects from entering into the hub.

The electric bicycles are developed to correspond the environmental issues and reduce carbon generated which contaminates the environment. The conventional electric bicycles comprise an electric device which drives the bicycle forward. Also, the conventional electric bicycles can be operated electrically and manually.
Generally, the electric device is installed to the rear wheel hub and the hub is connected with a chain on one end thereof so as to provide the flexibility of operations by either electric power or manual power.
Taiwan Utility Application No. 087206708 discloses a fixed axle with an active gear connected to the axle and the active gear is driven by a first driving unit cooperated with an electro-magnetic driving member. A toothed ring is pivotably connected to the axle. A planet gear unit is connected to the active gear and located between the active gear and the toothed ring. The planet gear unit is rotated about the active gear and drive the toothed ring. A driving part drives the wheel. A second driving unit is a one-way driving unit and located between the driving part and the toothed ring which drive the driving part in one direction. The driving part is freely rotated while the toothed ring is not driven.
Taiwan Utility Application No. 092121507 discloses an axle connected to the bicycle frame and two protrusions protrude from the outer periphery of the axle. A casing is mounted to the outside of the axle. Two bearings are cooperated with the axle which is rotated smoothly. A generating device is located between the axle and the casing and generates power by the relative rotational movement between the casing and the axle. The gear cluster is connected to the first side of the casing and cannot rotate backward. A freewheel is connected to the casing and transfers the forward force to the bicycle.
The electro-magnetic driving member of Taiwan Utility Application No. 087206708 is securely connected to the axle and located on one side of the driving part (casing). The driving force from the electro-magnetic device is transferred to the active gear via the first driving unit and the driving force then is transferred to the toothed ring via the planet gear unit. The toothed ring transferred the driving force to the driving part via the one-way second driving unit. The driving part is individually rotated while the toothed ring and the planet gear unit are not driven. Taiwan Utility Application No. 092121507 installs the generating device between the casing and the axle. The flywheel is connected to the first side of the casing and cooperated with the gear cluster connected with a chain to drive the casing. The generating device of Taiwan Utility Application No. 092121507 is located within the casing, nevertheless, there is no bearing located between the flywheel and the cover. Besides, the sealing feature between the flywheel and the cover is poor so that the water easily enters into the inside of the generating device.
The present invention intends to provide an improved electric hub unit for bicycles and improves the shortcomings of the conventional electric hub units.


A market-based labeling system and method provides tools to assist a user in accurately generating labels. The system includes a processor-based device, such as a computer, that has associated input/output devices, such as a keyboard and a display. The processor-based device also includes a user-friendly labeling application, which may be implemented as a set of instructions to be executed by the processor. The labeling application may guide the user through a series of steps to produce a set of labels. The labeling application preferably generates the user interfaces and a file that may be viewed, edited, saved and/or printed on an associated printer. The labeling application may include one or more modules, each module being geared toward labels for a particular market. This labeling application tool may run on a general purpose processor, such as a computer, and may interface with general purpose labeling software. Alternatively, the labeling application tool may be embedded in a labeling device, such as a portable hand-held printer. Also, methods are provided for quickly and accurately generating labels by adapting a labeling application tool to the user and the user's market. For example, one method allows a user to select between a guided, interview-type process for identifying labeling requirements and a user-directed process for identifying labeling requirements. The methods may be implemented in software.

In many industries, personnel are responsible for producing identifiers, such as labels or tags, for use in association with products, components of products, cabling, network hardware, packaging, organization, etc. The labeling requirements for each product, for example, may be defined by one or more of a myriad of sources, ranging in form from undocumented industry usage, to proprietary specifications, to national and/or international standards. The specific labeling requirements vary depending, among other things, upon the market segment, the application and the job size. Educating personnel to be familiar with the specific labeling requirements of even one particular application may be a daunting and never-ending task, particularly in an area where the labeling requirements are regulated by continually evolving standards, such as the labeling of network hardware.
Labeling systems have been developed to assist users in creating labels. Known labeling systems, however, suffer from being either (i) so generalized that the user is required to have significant specialized knowledge about the particular application, which adds time, increases the potential for errors in label generation, and limits the user's ability to become proficient with a variety of labeling applications, or (ii) so specific that the user cannot utilize the labeling system outside of the narrow application for which it was developed. Thus, improved labeling systems and methods are needed.


An organic light-emitting diode display and a method of driving the same are disclosed. In one aspect, the display includes a light emission control line configured to provide a light emission control signal and a power line configured to provide a power voltage. An operation control TFT is electrically connected to the power line and configured to be turned on based on the light emission control signal so as to provide the power voltage. A driving TFT is electrically connected to the operation control TFT, an OLED is electrically connected to the driving TFT, and an initialization TFT is configured to provide the power voltage to the driving TFT. In a frame of the OLED display, the power voltage provided when the initialization TFT is turned on and the power voltage provided when the operation control TFT is turned on are different from each other.

Field
The described technology generally relates to an organic light-emitting diode display and a method of driving the same.
Description of the Related Technology
The luminance of an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) is controlled by a current or a voltage. Since OLED displays are suitable for use in high contrast and rapid response devices, they are commonly used in mobile phones, smartphones, laptop computers, digital broadcasting terminals, personal digital assistants (PDA), portable multimedia players (PMP), navigations, slate computers, tablet computers, ultrabooks, wearable devices, digital TVs, desktop computers, digital signage, and the like.
An OLED display includes scan lines, data lines, power lines, and pixel circuits connected to the scan, data, and power lines in a matrix form. Further, each of the pixel circuits typically includes an OLED, a plurality of transistors that respectively include a switching transistor transmitting a data signal, and a driving transistor driving the OLED according to the data signal, as well as a capacitor maintaining data voltage.
As the resolution of display devices increases, the pixels are integrated with greater densities. Since each pixel occupies a limited area, a predetermined area must ensure that the thin film transistors and capacitors can be formed.
The above information disclosed in this Background section is only to enhance the understanding of the background and therefore it may contain information that does not constitute the prior art that is already known in this country to a person of ordinary skill in the art.

Organic light-emitting diode display and method of driving the same


A main board of a manual scoreboard includes recessed areas along the top edge for receiving scoring card hangers, and a holder for a writing instrument. At least one recessed area on the bottom edge of the board is provided for receiving a clamp such as a spring clip to removably attach the manual scoreboard to a support member or, in another embodiment, for receiving support members which hold the scoreboard upright on a flat surface such as a table. A multi-function clip which is removably attached to the main board keeps scoring cards for two teams stable against the wind on both the front and back sides of the main board and is also used to rotatably attach the main board to the spring clip.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to scoring devices that are portable, self contained, and capable of being used in a wide variety of sporting events.
2. Description of Related Art
Portable scoreboards for keeping score at various games is known in the prior art. More specifically, by way of example, U.S. PreGrant Publication No. 2007/0074650 to Bailey discloses a game scoreboard for displaying game scores of two opponents, which scoreboard comprises front and rear panels with multiple scoring discs mounted on each of the panels, such that the discs may be overlapped to reduce the size of the scoreboard and display game scores on the front side of the discs.
U.S. Pat. No. 7,117,619 to Huber discloses a two-sided, multi-sport scoring banner which sticks and clicks on the board and consisting of a plurality of flexible scoring elements sandwiched between a front face and a back face. A set of scoring symbols on the scoring element allows the score to be displayed through a plurality of windows in the front and back faces of the banner.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,041,934 to Alexson discloses a portable scoring apparatus having a carrying case of two half sections joined together by a flexible connecting section. The two half sections can be open during use and closed during transport. A plurality of scoring elements having numbers are secured to an inside surface of one of the half sections and are pivotable so that they can be supported by the inside surface of the second half section.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,615,636 to Gustafson discloses a portable scoreboard which includes a mounting frame, a leg member having an end attached to the mounting frame, a plurality of cards with scores arranged in two stacks which are aligned along the length of the mounting frame, and a ring member threaded through an apertures in the cards so that they can be rotated for viewing.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,294,913 to Mower discloses a portable electronic scoreboard having a housing with a display face, an electronic mechanism disposed within the housing, and a score registering assembly. The housing back can be attached to a pole or a wall. The score assembly is positioned to detect the passage of a basketball through a basketball goal.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,025,748 to Pettis discloses a portable scoring device which includes a retractable and extendable post section equipped with a ground penetrating tip and a foot brace for driving and anchoring the post section into the ground.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,831,956 to Thater discloses a portable tennis scoring apparatus constructed of a durable fabric which, when unfolded has adequate room for indicating players' names, set, game and point scoring tallies and promotional, organizational or sponsorship information. The tennis scoring apparatus is also large enough to be clearly visible to players and spectators.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,280,291 to Maynes discloses a two-sided portable scoreboard for simultaneously displaying a set of two-digit scores both frontally and rearwardly. A pair of disks is sandwiched between a front and rear plate for each set of scores to be displayed. The disks are axially mounted so that a portion of each overlaps a portion of the other, their centers being positioned so that one is slightly more than a radial distance from the other. Windows are placed in both the front and rear plates to allow a desired sequence of scoring symbols to be viewed there through as the disks are rotated.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,045,788 to Castelli discloses a portable self-contained scoreboard having a plurality of variable numeral displays. Some of the numeral displays are constructed to function as a controllable clock which can count up or count down. The clock numerals can also be manually controlled to indicate other information.


A method may provide wireless communications in a network including a first base station and a second base station, with the first base station operating within a coverage area of the second base station. The method may include providing soft-cell communications in an extended range area of the first base station, with the extended range area being outside a primary range area of the first base station. A number of wireless devices in the extended range area connected and/or communicating with the first base station may be tracked. Responsive to the number of wireless devices in the extended range area connected and/or communicating with the first base station exceeding a threshold (Threshold_N), the extended range area over which soft-cell communications are provided may be reduced.

In a typical cellular radio system, wireless terminals (also referred to as user equipment unit nodes or UEs, and/or mobile terminals/stations) communicate via a radio access network (RAN) with one or more core networks. The RAN covers a geographical area which is divided into cell areas, with each cell area being served by a radio base station (also referred to as a RAN node, a "NodeB", and/or enhanced NodeB "eNodeB"). A cell area is a geographical area where radio coverage is provided by the base station equipment at a base station site. The base stations communicate through radio communication channels with wireless terminals within range of the base stations.
Deployment of wireless sensors has taken place in 3GPP networks. In this type of communication (termed herein Machine To Machine or M2M communication, or Machine Type Communication or MTC), devices may consume relatively little power and may be relatively low cost. Accordingly, these devices may not have advanced processing chains in the transmitter and/or receiver. Therefore, link budgets dictating these communications may be different than normal cellular radio links between base stations and UEs. More particularly, ranges of these links are expected to be much shorter than ranges of typical UE radio links.
At least at the beginning of the deployment of wireless sensors, no additional and/or no significant additional deployment of base stations (e.g., macro or pico base stations, or relay nodes) is expected to provide additional service for these M2M/MTC wireless sensors/devices. Therefore, M2M devices located in areas with relatively poor coverage may be expected. In most cases, these devices are expected to be static. In addition, traffic is expected to be mainly on the uplink which may be a challenging radio link. To provide sufficiently error-free communication in this type of radio link, proposals have been made, for example, including longer Transmission Time Intervals (TTIs), advanced receivers at the base stations, etc.
One proposal to combat poor link budgets is significantly increased deployments of relatively small, low-power base stations (e.g., pico and/or femto base stations) and/or relay nodes in areas close to wireless sensor hotspots. Hence, it is expected that service to these devices/sensors may be provided using heterogeneous deployments including different types of network nodes, such as macro base station towers, Closed Subscriber Group (CSG) Home eNBs, pico/femto base stations, etc. It is also expected that in many of these networks, "soft-cell" features/operations may be implemented, because "soft-cell" may provide relatively smooth operation of heterogeneous networks and/or increased resource efficiency. In such systems, all cooperating base stations may be open to all of the users in the network and to a backhaul linking the cooperating base stations (typically a macro base station or tower and a number of pico/small base stations located in the macro cell area).
Notwithstanding networks/methods discussed above, there continues to exist a need in the art for improved communications for M2M/MTC devices.

Methods controlling extended range areas in heterogeneous networks and related network nodes


Configurations for automated synchronization of browser data from a desktop web client (e.g., a desktop web browner) to a web client on a mobile device are provided. In particular, session data including navigation history data of one or more visited web pages on the desktop web client can be synchronized with a mobile device. Initially, session data from the desktop web client can be received over a network. In some configurations, a notification can then be transmitted to a mobile device for indicating session data is available for synchronizing with a mobile web client on the mobile device. The session data is then transmitted to the mobile web client. On the mobile device, the received session data can be displayed in a window of the mobile web client.

In a given web client (e.g., a web browser), web content can be displayed in the web client. For example, web content can include a mixture of text and graphics (e.g., images or photos, etc.). Different web clients are available for displaying web content. For example, a desktop web client can display web content. In another example, a mobile web client on a mobile device can display web content.

Browsing context continuation across multiple devices


An assembly for mounting a hydrant to a roof. The assembly includes a housing that is adapted to fit about a standpipe that is disposed through a roof top. The assembly additionally has a sealing member that is positioned between the housing and the standpipe and a mounting plate that is connected to the housing to mount the hydrant to the roof.

This invention is directed to a mounting assembly for a hydrant, and more particularly to an assembly for mounting a yard hydrant to a roof.
Hydrants are sometimes installed on the roof of a building for cleaning purposes such as washing condenser or air conditioning coils. To mount the hydrant, different makeshift devices have been used. For example, bollards have been installed and then the hydrant is secured to the roof. Alternatively, a hydrant has been attached to a plastic shift box that is tarred over. Neither of these approaches provides a stable connection that also prevents water leakage. Accordingly, there is a need in the art for a mounting assembly that addresses these problems.
Therefore, a principal object of the present invention is to provide an assembly to mount a hydrant to a roof that minimizes leakage, provides support and is easy to install.
These and other objects, features, or advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the specification and claims.


The present invention discloses a display pixel structure, a liquid crystal panel, a liquid crystal display (LCD) device and a driving method. Said display pixel structure comprises multiple parallel pixel areas; each said pixel area comprises two single rows of first sib-pixel area and second sub-pixel area which are mutually parallel; said second sub-pixel area comprises multiple pixel elements; every three adjacent pixel elements form a group; and the three pixel elements of each group are respectively corresponding to three primary colors. The present invention has the advantages that the corresponding phase retardation coating is not exceeded within the range of wider light; the XTALK problem under the condition of large-angle light is avoided; the viewed color is not changed because the light emitted by each pixel of the second sub-pixel area is not blocked; and higher aperture opening ratio is obtained.

Three dimensional (3D) displays are gradually popular and become the main recreation trends. The key point for creating the 3D effect is that the left eye and the right eye of a person receive different signals so that both the eyes of the person can feel the stereo effect. The polarization 3D is developed on the display screen, as shown in FIG. 1; phase retardation coatings are additionally added on the original display screen; the phase retardation coating corresponding to the left eye is the left-eye phase retardation coating 4, and the phase retardation coating corresponding to the right eye is the right-eye phase retardation coating 5; so that the left-eye and right-eye pixel signals on the screen become different polarized light, and the left eye and the right eye receive different signals by selecting signals through the glasses 8. The polarization 3D has a disadvantage, namely wrong pixel signals will be received when large angles exist in the upper part and the lower part.
As shown in FIG. 2, the key point for achieving clear stereo image is that the left eye can not receive the signal of the right eye, and the right eye can not receive the signal of the left eye. Otherwise, XTALK will be formed. Considering the large-angle light, such as A; the light of the right-eye pixel 31 entering the right-eye phase retardation coating 5 is a correct optical signal. For case B, the light of the right-eye pixel 31 enters the left-eye phase retardation coating 4, which results in XTALK, and affects the effect of the 3D image; namely the 3D visual angle becomes poor.
As shown in FIG. 3, in order to solve the aforementioned problems, the width of a black matrix 6 on the CF glass is increased, and the large-angle light is blocked so that the light can not enter the wrong phase retardation coating, as shown on the mark 61 in FIG. 3. However, the mode can cause the aperture opening ratio of the panel to become small (particularly during two dimensional (2D) operation), and the energy consumption performance to become poor. There is the other mode: changing the range of the pixel light-emitting area 7, and reduce the wrong light to produce and enter the phase retardation coatings. However, in order to control the light-emitting area, two data lines or two gates must be used to independently control the pixels. The cost of IC will be increased, and it does not applicable to the mode of charging sharing. Because charging sharing comprises main area and sub area, there is a voltage relationship between the main area and the sub area. At high gray scale, the sub area will be bright and will not keep the permanent black.
As shown in FIG. 4, the pixels 3 are horizontally arranged in order; each pixel is composed of three colors of RGB, and comprises one gate (namely one gate line) and three data lines. In order to reduce the cost of the data line IC, the 3G1D pixel structure is usually used. As shown in FIG. 5, in the Tri-gate pixel arrangement (3G1D), each pixel 3 is also composed of three colors of RGB, and comprises three gates (namely three gate lines) and one data line. The pixel structure has the advantage that the number of the data line IC can be reduced, but has the problem when the Tri-gate pixels (3G1D) are matched with the polarization 3D: for example, the black matrix 6 must be used to prevent the signal of the junction of the left eye and right eye from entering the wrong phase retardation coating; as shown in FIG. 6, because the specific color is blocked at this moment, the viewed color is changed (the upper pixel lacks blue, and the lower pixel lacks red).

Display pixel structure, liquid crystal panel, liquid crystal display device and driving method

Shenzhen China Star Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd.


A microwave frequency group delay corrector operates by reflecting the microwave on a correcting complex impedance (jx). It makes use of a power divider (13), of the Wilkinson type. The complex impedance (20) is connected to the port (14) which is normally the inlet port to the power divider (13). The microwave (E) is applied to one of the other two ports (15), and the remaining other port (16) is used as the port from which the phase corrected outlet microwave (S) is taken.

Microwave telecommunications circuits making use of components such as filters, amplifiers, mixers, . . ., introduce group delay distortion. The term "group delay" or GD is used to designate the value of the delay due to a component having a transfer function, said delay being proportional to the frequency derivative of the phase. For example, in a lowpass filter this delay is a function of frequency, giving rise to a bell-shaped curve with a maximum situated at the cut-off frequency of the filter.
In radio beam transmission, and in particular in digital transmissions, it is important to be able to correct the group delay in order to avoid bit errors. Correction is generally performed at intermediate frequency, or sometimes in base band if the distortion is symmetrical. When demodulation is performed directly at microwave frequency, without using an intermediate frequency, it is necessary to correct group delay directly at microwave frequency.
Such correction must be capable of correcting the phase of the microwave as a function of frequency without changing its amplitude since that would itself constitute a source of bit errors in a digital transmission. The commonly adopted solution consists in general in reflecting the microwave on a mismatched complex impedance, with the curve showing the phase of this complex impedance as a function of frequency being complementary to the curve of the group delay to be corrected. By adding the delay curve to the group delay curve, a delay curve is obtained which is uniform as a function of frequency.
A first known type of GD corrector uses a 90.degree. 3 dB coupler and two accurately identical complex impedances. This prior corrector is shown diagrammatically in accompanying FIG. 1. It uses a 90.degree. 3 dB coupler referenced 5. The input microwave signal E is applied to inlet port 1 of the coupler 5. It exits via ports 3 and 4 of the coupler with respective phase shifts of 0.degree. and of 90.degree. . These two waves are reflected from respective complex impedances 6 and 7 of value jX, and having a phase curve which is complementary to the phase curve to be corrected, with the waves finally recombining in-phase at outlet port 2 of the coupler 5 (microwave outlet S), and combining antiphase at the inlet port 1 of the coupler.
This first form of prior corrector suffers from the following drawbacks:
the two complex impedances 6 and 7 must have exactly identical complex impedances jX, otherwise the waves will no longer be exactly antiphase when they combine at the inlet port 1 and as a result the corrector will not act as an allpass transmission filter;
the coupler must provide perfectly symmetrical coupling and a completely accurate 90.degree. phase shift, otherwise the corrector will not behave as an allpass filter; and
the corrector is difficult to adjust: the two complex impedances 6 and 7 must be adjusted identically both in amplitude and in frequency, otherwise the corrector will not behave as an allpass filter.
Another known type of GD corrector uses a ferrite microwave circulator together with only one correction complex impedance. The diagram for this corrector is shown in accompanying FIG. 2.
The inlet microwave E is applied to port 10 of circulator 8. It exits via the second port 11, is reflected on complex impedance 9 of value jX, re-enters the circulator 8 via port 11, and leaves the circulator S via its third port 12.
This other prior corrector suffers from the following drawbacks:
it is difficult to adjust for low amplitude GD since the ferrite circulator has its own relatively large GD;
such a circulator is difficult to integrate in microstrip technology circuits, particularly when the microwave frequency is about 1 GHz; and
a ferrite circulator is relatively expensive, thereby increasing the overall cost of a GD corrector of this type.
The invention seeks to remedy these drawbacks.

Circuit for correcting group delay at microwave frequencies

Alcatel Transmission Par Faisceaus Hertziens A.T.F.H.


Disclosed is an opto-electrical cross connect device of high density including a shelf having a plurality of guide rails at its inner portions; a switch motherboard disposed on the rear surface of the shelf; an electric crosspoint switch positioned on the front surface of the switch motherboard; a plurality of switch connectors positioned on the front surface of the switch motherboard; an optical transceiver board mounted in the guide rail of the shelf; and, a transceiver connector disposed at the rear end of the optical transceiver board for connecting to the switch connector of the switch motherboard.

This application makes reference to and claims all benefits accruing under 35 U.S.C. Section 119 from an application entitled xe2x80x9cOPTO-ELECTRICAL CROSS CONNECT DEVICE OF HIGH DENSITY,xe2x80x9d filed in the Korean Industrial Property Office on Aug. 5, 2000, and assigned Serial No.2000-45478.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to optical communication systems, and, in particular, to an optical cross-connect system.
2. Description of the Related Art
In an optical communication system, an optical cross-connect device is typically provided at an intermediate node connecting the upper node, such as a central base station, and the lower node, such as a subscriber. The optical cross-connect devices can be used in a wide variety of physical circuit topologies to improve the performance of existing networks or to create a new network. In particular, the optical cross-connect device can be used to transmit and allocate channel signals, optimize traffic flows, and control the congestion and growth of an optical network.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a conventional opto-electrical cross-connect device. As shown in FIG. 1, the conventional cross-connect device includes an Nxc3x97N electric cross-connect switch 120 at its center portion for rearranging the routing for the Nxc3x97N optical signals, a switch board 110 with a plurality of 2N radio frequency connectors 130 along its four side ends, and 2N optical transceivers 140 connected to the respective radio frequency connectors 130 of the switch board 110 via the 2N signal cables 150. In the event that the value, xe2x80x9cNxe2x80x9d, representing the number of subsystems increases, the corresponding number of the signal cables also increases. Thus, it becomes cumbersome to perform the interconnections of the 2N signal cables 150 to the growing number of systems and subsystems. In addition, the size of the switch board 110 increases to accommodate more of the 2N radio frequency connectors 130 at its side ends.
Therefore, there is a need for a novel packaging system that minimizes the size of the overall layout and maximizes the workable volume of the package.
The present invention is directed to an optical cross-connect device, which can improve spatial efficiency without requiring the interconnection of signal cables.
According to an aspect of the invention, there is an optical cross-connect device that can improve the integration of the optical transceivers coupled thereto.
To achieve the above objects, there is provided an opto-electrical cross connect device of high density, including: a shelf with a plurality of guide rails at its inner portions; a switch motherboard disposed on the rear surface of the shelf; an electric crosspoint switch positioned on the front surface of the switch motherboard; a plurality of switch connectors positioned on the front surface of the switch motherboard; an optical transceiver board mounted in the guide rail of the shelf; and a transceiver connector disposed at the rear end of the optical transceiver board, for connecting to the switch connector of the switch motherboard.
The foregoing and other features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following, more detailed description of preferred embodiments as illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which reference characters refer to the same parts throughout the various views. The drawings are not necessarily to scale; the emphasis instead is placed upon illustrating the principles of the invention.

Opto-electrical cross connect device of high density


A divider panel assembly for a carton which has a handle panel and an anchor panel which are interconnected by tear bars is cut to form the tear bars in a manner which will maintain the strength of the handle panel while facilitating the separation of the handle panel and the anchor panel. The joint between the handle panel and the anchor panel is formed by providing a plurality of cuts at the connection between the handle panel and the anchor panel. Each joint has first, second and third cuts which are arranged to form tear bars therebetween which are of a greater length than the tear bars previously known so as to facilitate the initial movement of the handle with respect to the anchor panel and the ease with which the tear bars may ultimately be torn. All of the cuts which form the joining means extend in or below the severance plane.

This invention relates to dividers for use in cartons in which a handle is formed integrally with the divider. In particular, this invention relates to a structure in which the handle is detachably secured to the divider during the assembly of the divider and can be separated therefrom so as to be raised to extend above the carton in which the divider is located.
The divider of the type to which the present invention is directed is described in Canadian Patent No. 946,335. In this divider construction, the handle is initially connected to the anchor panel by so-called bars which are formed by cutting the divider panel in a manner which will serve to cause the bars to tear when the handle panel is lifted upwardly away from the anchor panel.
It has been found in practice that the preferred bar structure is a modified version of that illustrated in FIG. 5 of Patent 946,335 in which two bars are provided. The modification involves extending the uppermost and lowermost cut lines so that they extend downwardly and upwardly respectively in a spaced parallel relationship with respect to the angularly inclined portion of the Z-shaped central cut line.
It has been found that it is advantageous to provide two bars rather than the single bar which is illustrated in FIG. 7 of Patent 946,335 because the provision of two bars increases the strength of the initial connection between the handle panel and the anchor panel which is important during the initial forming and folding of the divider panel.
The handle described in Patent 946,335 is formed with a shoulder which bears against the folded upper edge of the anchor panel to support the weight of the carton and its contents when the carton is being carried by the handle. The strength of this shoulder is dependent upon the height of the shoulder panel. As is shown in FIG. 4 of Patent 946,335, the cut lines used to form the double bar connect includes cuts that extend above the horizontal severance plane along which the handle is severed from the anchor panel in use. As a result, the weakest point of the handle is along the line that extends from the intersection of the upper edge of the shoulder and the vertical side edge of the handle portion and the uppermost cut- line of the adjacent connecting bars.
It will also be noted that the pattern of the cut lines of Patent 946,335 is such that the cut lines of each set of connecting bars are identical to one another. That is to say, the cut lines are each of the same "hand". As a result of this structure, when the handle panel is initially raised, the panel will tend to move laterally. This results in a twisting or bending of the connecting arms and can make the initial tearing operation somewhat more difficult.
It will be noted that the free length of the interconnecting arms formed by the cut pattern of Patent 946,335 is relatively short. As a result, very little vertical movement of the handle is permitted before it is necessary to tear the bars to free the handle. Generally the most difficult operation involved in manipulating the handle panel to its raised position is the effort required to tear the connecting bars to release the handle from the anchor panel. This is made more difficult because it is necessary to apply the forces necessary to tear the handle before the handle is raised to a sufficient extent to provide good finger access to the opening in the handle.

Severable connection between a handle and a divider panel of a carton


A high pressure fluid fitting is provided for repeated connection and disconnection. The fitting includes a threaded nipple and a flanged nipple configured for abutting end-to-end mating with one another. A thrust bearing formed from a metal harder than the flanged nipple is positioned adjacent the flange and on the side thereof opposite the mating face of the flanged nipple. A coupling nut with an inwardly extending annular flange is disposed over the flanged nipple and is threadedly engageable with the threaded nipple. The flange of the coupling nut moves against the thrust bearing and urges the nipples into tight sealing engagement. The smoothness and hardness and chemical dissimilarity of the thrust bearing avoid galling and other friction related damage to the fitting, and hence lead to an extended life for the fitting.

1. Field of the Invention
The subject invention relates to fittings for high pressure and vacuum fluid lines used in environments where repeated connections and disconnections are necessary.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Gaseous fluids at pressures of 3,500 psi. and higher are used in many manufacturing processees, including the manufacture of microprocessors and other electronic components. High pressure gases also are used in various chemical engineering processes, in medical applications and in machining or welding operations. The particular gaseous fluid may vary from one industrial application to the next.
Gas for industrial applications typically is delivered to the manufacturing site in gas containers which are appropriately constructed to contain the high pressure gas therein, and which can be selectively connected and disconnected into a manufacturing system.
Purity of the specified gas often is critical to the manufacturing process. Thus, it is important for the supplier of high pressure gas to supply the gas in containers that prevent transfer leaching of contaminants from the container and/or from the attached fittings into the gas stream. It is also necessary to prevent diffusion or leakage of atmospheric contaminants through the gas delivery system and into the gas stream.
The typical prior art fitting for high pressure fluid applications includes a first generally tubular component having a fluid passage extending therethrough and having an array of external threads. A second tubular component with a fluid passage extending therethrough is dimensioned to mate in end-to-end relationship with the first component. The second component, however, generally will not include threads, but rather is provided with a pressure bearing flange or shoulder extending outwardly in proximity to the mating end. A coupling nut with an array of internal threads is dimensioned to threadedly mate with the external threads on the first tubular component of the fitting. The coupling nut further includes an inwardly extending flange dimensioned for engaging the pressure bearing flange of the second tubular component. The prior art fitting is connected by aligning the first and second components in end-to-end axial relationship to one another. The nut is then threadedly engaged with the first component. Sufficient tightening of the nut draws the abutting ends of the aligned components into tight engagement with one another.
Nonmetallic fittings and nonmetallic washers or gaskets may be employed in fittings for low pressure systems and for systems where purity of the fluid being transported is not adversely affected. However, nonmetallic fittings may not provide adequate strength for high pressure fluid applications and may permit diffusion of atmospheric moisture, oxygen and other contaminants into the high pressure gas stream. Additionally, nonmetallic washers or gaskets may wear quickly and generate wear debris which may be transported into the high purity fluid stream. Furthermore, nonmetallic fittings, especially those with a low melting point, are almost certain to fail in a fire, and hence could yield a catastrophic release of high pressure gas. Thus, fittings for high pressure, high purity fluid systems typically will avoid or minimize the use of nonmetallic materials.
Metallic fittings generally can provide a virtually leak-free connection that prevents escape of high pressure gas from the fitting and that similarly prevents diffusion of atmospheric contaminants into the gas stream, or leakage into vacuum lines. However, the forces applied between the mating surfaces of the two opposed metallic fitting components must be high and must be within certain specified range. Mating forces in a high pressure gas fitting that are too low may permit escape of the high pressure gas and/or may permit diffusion of atmospheric contaminants into the high pressure stream. Conversely, fittings that are connected with a mating force that is too high are likely to accelerate wear due to friction between the assembled components of the fitting, and may cause sealing surfaces to distort or break down after several cycles due to excessive contact pressure.
Mating pressures within a specified range typically are achieved by tightening a fitting with a torque wrench or by tightening a fitting to a specified range of motion. The torque required for proper sealing depends, in part, upon the coefficient of friction between the surfaces in the fitting that slide relative to one another. The torque required to achieve an effective seal in a high pressure, high purity fluid system can be achieved relatively easily in fittings that do not require repeated connection and disconnection. However, the unavoidable rubbing between opposed surfaces can be a significant problem in high sealing integrity systems subjected to repeated connection and disconnection. More particularly, the rubbing of unlubricated metallic surfaces over one another in high pressure fluid systems subjected to repeated connection and disconnection typically will produce wear or galling on one or both of the sliding unlubricated surfaces. This wear often causes the surfaces to become rougher, and thereby leading to an increase in the coefficient of friction. Additionally, wear debris may be generated and may ultimately enter into the fluid stream. Still further, the frictional erosion or galling of interconnected components may eventually lead to gaps between interconnected components with a corresponding leakage of the fluid. Thus, the torque required to achieve an effective seal may increase over the life of the fitting, resulting in further acceleration of wear and related problems as described above. In extreme conditions the rough tightly interconnected components of a fitting may effectively weld together in response to the heat and pressure generated during tightening.
The materials from which the prior art fitting is manufactured must be selected in accordance with their fluid capability. For example, strength in the presence of high pressure, corrosion resistance, chemical inertness, machinability and cost all are important factors. Force bearing characteristics and frictional resistance generally are of secondary consideration. Exotic alloys that meet all requirements might conceivably be available. However, these alloys are very expensive and impose a substantial cost penalty on the manufacturer.
The prior art has attempted to deal with galling by positioning ball bearings between interfaces that are likely to be subject to frictional wear. A joint with such ball bearings is shown, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,118,141 which issued to Miyashita on Jun. 2, 1992. The ball bearings and accompanying races add significantly to the cost and size of the fitting and can complicate manufacturing and assembly processes. The limited load carrying capability of a ball bearing may also prevent conventional metallic seal geometry, with an adverse effect on cost and reliability.
The prior art has also attempted to use dry film lubricants, such as molybdenum disulfide, to reduce wear and control friction. However, these dry film lubricants will wear away in response to high pressure and repeated connection and disconnection. Additionally, the tiny dust-like particles which comprise the dry film lubricants create the potential for contaminating the fluid stream.
In view of the above, it is an object of the subject invention to provide a high pressure fitting with increased wear resistance and a longer life.
It is another object of the subject invention to provide a cost effective fitting for repeated connections and disconnections in a high pressure fluid system.
A further object of the subject invention is to provide a long-lasting fitting without significantly increasing the dimensions required for the fitting.
Still another object of the subject invention is to provide a high seal integrity fitting for repeated connection and disconnection without complicating the connection and disconnection procedure.
Yet another object of the subject invention is to minimize torque that could produce rotary sliding on the sealing surfaces.

High pressure gas fitting for repeated connection and disconnection