Systems and methods are disclosed for scheduling component activation. A computer-implemented method may include: detecting a first status of a head-mounted device with one or more physical computer processors; after a first time interval since detecting the first status, disabling a Wi-Fi component of the head-mounted device for a second time interval with the one or more physical computer processors; and after the second time interval, activating the Wi-Fi component for a third time interval with the one or more physical computer processors.

Augmented reality (AR) systems, virtual reality (VR) systems, and mixed reality (MR) systems may include batteries to power the corresponding system. Often, components of these systems may be activated at all times, even when a user is not using the systems or when the one or more components of the systems are not in use, which negatively affects battery life.

Systems and methods for scheduling component activation


A patient registers his audible sound when he is in good health. When he is not feeling well, and even when he is in good health, he may contact regularly with a medical institution. Once he pronounces words to his mobile phone, the audible sound will be stored in a storing portion for storing audible sound information of the patient and will be processed by a computer that gives diagnosis to the patient and the patient will be informed of the diagnosis through a public line.

Recently, a diagnosing system rendering a patient to receive a "distant medical care" by doctors, experts and the like while staying at home is gradually being constructed. The "distant medical care" is, for example, transmitting information on the body of the patient such as electrocardiogram data and audible sound of body to a medical institution through the internet and the like, and the doctor analyses the information and makes a diagnosis.
Especially the unexamined patent application publication No. 2000-033077 discloses a system in that the patient uses apparatuses such as an electrocardiograph and a stethoscope and transmits the information obtained with the devices to the medical institutions. In addition, the publication also discloses a system using so called "videophone system", that is, the patient takes a picture of himself and transmits the image-information such as his complexion to the medical institution.
However, with the medical system explained above, in a case when the patient is to transmit the electro-cardiogram data, for example, the apparatuses that patient needs to be equipped with will be large and cumbersome. In addition, the patient needs to have knowledge of experts on an electro-cardiograph. Furthermore, the image-information mentioned above merely takes pictures such as the complexion of the patient and his overall image, therefore, it is difficult to comprehend condition of the patient in concrete and precise way.
Moreover, in recent years, quite a lot of people are health conscious, not only among the people with illness but also among healthy people and so called "health fad" is not considered to decline in future.

Diagnostic system and portable telephone device


An IR resistance of each of unit cells is measured, and a highest unit cell voltage as a threshold voltage is set based on the IR resistance and load current. The setting of the highest unit cell voltage uses map data that approximates current-voltage characteristics of a unit cell when the fuel gas is insufficiently supplied. In that case, the highest unit cell voltage is determined based on the voltage with respect to the load current obtained from the map data, and the IR loss calculated from the IR resistance and the load current. This highest unit cell voltage is compared with the measured unit cell voltage. If the unit cell voltage is below the highest unit cell voltage, the power generation of the fuel cell is stopped or restrained.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a fuel cell system.
2. Description of the Related Art
Conventionally, the fuel cell is formed with a plurality of unit cells that is connected in series. Each unit cell generates electric power from a fuel gas containing hydrogen that is supplied to the anode, and an oxidant gas containing oxygen that is supplied to the cathode. The amount of supply of a reactant gas (i.e., the fuel gas or the oxidant gas) needed for each unit cell depends on the required generated current (i.e., load current). Therefore, in a fuel cell system, the amount of supply of the reactant gas is controlled in accordance with the load current so as not to become insufficient.
However, for some causes, a reactant gas in one or more unit cells may sometimes become lack of the amount of supply with respect to the needed amount. Examples of such cases include the case where a gas channel in a unit cell is occluded by the water produced due to the electric power generation, or the case where water is frozen in a gas channel and therefore occludes the gas channel. If the reactant gas becomes lack of the amount of supply with respect to the needed amount, the required current cannot be caused to flow solely by the power generation reactions of the reactant gases (i.e., normal power generation reactions). However, since the unit cells are connected in series, even the unit cell being lack of the supply of the reactant gas is required to cause the flow of the same amount of electric current as the other normal unit cells. Therefore, when the current is forced to flow in the unit cell lacking in the supply of the reactant gas, the following abnormal chemical reactions may occur.
A unit cell lacking in the supply of the fuel gas needs to extract electrons from the anode despite the absence of hydrogen. In consequence, there occur an oxidation reaction of water (2H2O→O2+4H++4e−), an oxidation reaction of carbon (C+2H2O→CO2+4H++4e−) and an elution reaction of Pt (Pt→Pt2++2e−) as well as an oxidation reaction of an electrolyte component, etc. On the other hand, a unit cell lacking in the supply of the oxidant gas needs to receive, at the cathode, electrons despite the absence of oxygen. In consequence, there occurs a phenomenon in which protons move from the anode side to the cathode side through an electrolyte membrane, and recombine with electrons. That is, a so-called "hydrogen pump phenomenon" occurs.
In particular, the abnormal chemical reactions due to the supply shortage of the fuel gas cause damage and degradation of the MEA (Membrane Electrode Assembly). Therefore, in the fuel cell system, it is important to detect the supply shortage of the fuel gas during an early period. Such detection may be achieved by measuring the voltage of each unit cell. The anode potential of the unit cell lacking in the supply of the fuel gas increases in response to the abnormal chemical reactions, and becomes higher than the cathode potential. That is, a so-called "reverse potential phenomenon" occurs. Therefore, via the voltage (i.e., the reverse potential) monitoring of each unit cell, it may be determined whether the supply the fuel gas is lacking.
According to fuel cell systems of related arts, if a cell voltage of any unit cell falls below a pre-set threshold voltage, a predetermined voltage recovery process is performed; for example, the load current is set to a lower value, or the power generation is temporarily stopped. Technologies related to the reverse potential of a fuel cell are described in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2006-147178 (JP-A-2006-147178), Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 11-67254 (JP-A-11-67254), Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2004-30979 (JP-A-2004-30979), Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2006-73501 (JP-A-2006-73501), Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2006-49259 (JP-A-2006-49259), and Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2004-241236 (JP-A-2004-241236).
When the fuel cell starts up at low temperature, in particular, starts up at a temperature below the freezing point, gas channels may be occluded by ice or water, and thereby the fuel gas may be insufficiently supplied to the fuel cell. To remove the ice or water occluding a gas channel, the self-heating of the fuel cell may be utilized. To increase the self-heating of the fuel cell, it is effective to cause the amount of supply of the oxidant gas to be in a shortage state. Therefore, by supplying the oxidant gas less than the required amount of the oxidant gas from the load current, the over-voltage of the cathode may be increased and therefore the self-heating of the fuel cell may be accelerated.
When the oxidant gas is supplied insufficiently, the cathode potential greatly falls from a steady operation potential. Furthermore, the resistance of the MEA becomes greater at low temperature, so that the voltage loss due to the resistance of the MEA also becomes conspicuous. As a result, the cell voltage may sometimes become negative, as in the case of the supply shortage of the fuel gas. However, unlike the increase in the anode potential due to the supply shortage of the fuel gas, the decrease in the cathode potential due to the supply shortage of the oxidant gas is allowable. If this is not allowed, the warm-up of the fuel cell cannot be accelerated, so that the startability of the fuel cell at low temperature will decline.
However, only the cell voltage may be measured practically, and thereby each of the anode potential and the cathode potential cannot be practically measured unless a reference electrode is provided. Therefore, according to the fuel cell system of the related arts, when it is forced to insufficiently supply the oxidant gas for the purpose of warming up the fuel cell system at low-temperature startup, it cannot be determined whether the reverse potential of a unit cell resulted from the increase in the anode potential. Hence, the threshold voltage used for the determination as to whether to start the aforementioned voltage recovery process cannot but be set to a higher value for the preferable protection of the membrane electrode assemblies.


The present invention relates to an anticorrosive agent for cavity preservation, and to the use thereof. The anticorrosive agent has a base composition of 40 to 50 wt. % base fluid, 3 to 10 wt. % alkyd resin, 10 to 20 wt. % sulfonate and/or salicylate component, 15 to 25 wt.˜% filler, 0.003 to 0.007 wt. % siccative catalyst, based in each case on the total mass of the anticorrosive agent. In addition to the base mixture, the anticorrosive agent includes 1 to 5 wt. % phyllosilicate and/or 1 to 8 wt.˜% ester wax and/or paraffin wax, based in each case on the total mass of the anticorrosive agent, for adjusting the rheological properties of the anticorrosive agent. The anticorrosive agent, however, does not include any aminic corrosion protection or binder components, or any anti-skinning agent.

The invention refers to a corrosion protection agent for the preservation of cavities and the use thereof.
It is known from prior art that, in particular, cavities in car bodies and the chassis of motor vehicles, which are exposed to water and/or humid and salty ambient air during operation of the vehicle, should be protected against corrosion by means of a corrosion protection agent. Cavities in a motor vehicle, which should be protected against corrosion, are, for example, present in the door sills, the columns, the doors and near the wings and wheel housings.
In order to seal the cavities, a cavity preserving agent which has a good creeping capability and also penetrates into cracks and seams is introduced into the cavities to form a permanently water-repellent protective layer over parts or over the entire surface of the cavity. Therein, the liquid preserving agent is, for example, sprayed into the cavity using a spray lance that is introduced through a discharge opening or using special spray nozzles in separate openings, allowing the preserving agent to creep into the cracks and seams. After a certain time, the liquid preserving agent solidifies wherefore, if need be, heating is required to stabilise the corrosion protection film formed.
In the manufacturing process of motor vehicles, rapid solidification is required, so that the cavity preserving agent which, on the one hand, may cause contamination to the component and, therefore, time-consuming cleaning work having to be carried out before the component is painted or the finished vehicle is output is prevented from exiting during the process steps following cavity sealing. On the other hand, exiting cavity preserving agent may cause contamination of the shop floor which, in addition to an increased amount of cleaning work, is connected with an increased risk of accident to the workers.
Furthermore, the protection film formed by the hardened preserving agent should have a certain flexibility and flowability in order to compensate for component movements or changes in the volume of the cavity due to temperature-related thermal expansion.
So-called full solid waxes which are not diluted with solvents or water may contain thermally active additives which are, for example, dispersed particles of solid polymers or waxes with a low softening point. After the agent has been sprayed and distributed into the cavity, the component is exposed to increased temperature conditions, with the result that the thermally active additives dissolve completely or partially. After cooling down, the cavity preserving agent gels so that it cannot flow out during the following process steps any more, while the actual hardening takes place through a later chemical cross-linking reaction.
JP 2009 208 015 describes a corrosion protection treatment for a car body in which the wax which contains such a drop stop additive, i.e., a thixotropic agent of the heating type, is applied onto a region of the car body that was subjected to a corrosion protection treatment, wherein the wax that was liquefied by heating is allowed to penetrate into the bottleneck of the car body, to thicken and to cool down. Any further heating of the wax will no longer reduce the viscosity, with the result that the wax remains in the bottleneck.
DE 10 2008 011 489 A1 discloses a known cavity preserving agent which solidifies without being heated. A cross-linkable component (alkyd resins, acrylic resins, polyesters, native and synthetic oils and resins with OH functionality, oxidised waxes and petroleum jellies, preferably castor oil) is admixed to this cavity preserving agent in an amount of 5 to 15 percent by weight in relation to the ready-to-use cavity preserving agent, to which a cross-linking component has been added. The cross-linking component (amines, peroxides, isocyanates, preferably di-isocyanates) is present in an amount of 0.1 to 10 percent by weight, with the result that the cavity preserving agent, after having penetrated into the vehicle component, solidifies to obtain a gel-type consistency and then hardens after excessive cavity preserving agent has been allowed to drip out of the vehicle component. Therein, the basic cavity preserving agent may have anti-corrosion additives, such as calcium sulphonate, oxidatively cross-linking binding agents, such as alkyd resins, flexibilisers, such as mineral oil, fillers, such as talcum, rheologic additives, such as inorganic thickeners, e.g., bentonites, organic or inorganic bases also contributing to corrosion protection, such as triethylene diamine, catalysts for oxidative hardening of the binding agent, such as manganese salts, and other additives, such as 2-butanonoxime, for example in order to prevent a skin from forming when letting the agent stand.
DE 42 40 810 A1 discloses a coating agent which is based on waxes, wax-like compounds, drying oils or alkyd resins the drop behaviour of which is improved by a mixture of a polymer powder and a softening agent which gel at an increased temperature. The coating agent from comparative example 1 has, for example, a solid body content of 60% and a viscosity of 80 mPa and consists of a resin solution and a grinding paste which are homogeneously mixed with one another:
23.6 parts of hydrocarbon resin consisting of vinyl toluene/styrene/indene
4.0 parts of oxidised petroleum jellies, acid number 50
4.0 parts of a mixture consisting of micro paraffin wax and slack wax, solidification point approx. 65° C.
1.1 parts of acid alkyl-aryl-polyglycol ether phosphate
2.2 parts of a mixture consisting of fatty acid alkanolamides
33.1 parts of solvent naphtha 135/180
in the resin solution and
8.0 parts of overbased calcium sulphonate in mineral oil (e.g. PCA 11507 from Exxon)
3.0 parts of a calcium sulphonate/calcium carbonate complex with added solvent naphtha
9.4 parts of technical white oil
6.0 parts of precipitated chalk
1.7 parts of magnesium montmorillonite
3.0 parts of solvent naphtha 135/180
0.9 parts of n-propanol
in the grinding paste.
A further composition for a corrosion protection agent for the preservation of cavities is described in EP 2 865 723 B1. It can be applied and solidified without heating and does not contain any volatile organic compounds. This composition is comprised of 25 to 40 weight percent of base fluid which consists of VOC-free solvents, mineral oils, esters and combinations thereof, as well as of 19 to 25 weight percent of polyester resin, 7.0 to 11.0 weight percent of a wax mixture consisting of at least two solid paraffins differing in their solidification point, 12.0 to 18 weight percent of a corrosion protection additive selected from alkaline and earth alkaline sulphonates, salicylates, wool greases and combinations thereof, 15 to 25 weight percent of filler, and 0.4 to 0.6 weight percent of an additive or an additive mixture, comprising skin preventing agents, siccative or colourant. This corrosion protection agent has an optimised rheology, with the result that it will have a low defined viscosity after having been sheared, for example by stirring, so that it can also be applied at room temperature. If the corrosion protection agent comes to rest on the component after having been applied, the viscosity rises again considerably, wherein the drop inhibition thus obtained is determined by the wax mixture and the sulphonates.
In either case, heating is not required to stabilise the corrosion protection film; on components which are already warm or which are to be heated after cavity preservation, however, there will be no specific improvement as compared to conventional full solid waxes with thermally active drop stop additives—on the contrary, the drop inhibition may even rather decline if the components are heated.
Based on this prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved cavity preserving agent.

Anticorrosive agent for cavity preservation, and use thereof


A transforming dart mechanism is described. The transforming dart mechanism includes an inner collar and an outer collar. A dart body is positioned through the inner collar, while fins are pivotally attached with the outer collar. A deployable canopy is affixed with the fins. Thus, in operation, a user can position the fins and deployable canopy against the dart body in a collapsed state. When in the collapsed state, a user can shoot the toy dart horn a to dart gun and upon contacting a target, the fins and deployable canopy expand into an expanded state.

(1) Field of Invention
The present invention relates to a toy dart and more particularly, to a to dart that transforms from a collapsed state to an expanded state upon hitting a target.
(2) Description of Related Art
Toy darts have long been known in the art. Toy darts typically include an elongated foam body with a suction-cup tip. Pneumatic powered guns or other shooting devices are commonly used to shoot the toy darts at a target Of other item upon which the dart can become attached (via its suction cup). While operable for sticking to their target, traditional toy darts do not provide any enhanced features.
Thus, a continuing need exists for a toy dart that provides enhanced features upon hitting a target.


A method for triggering a terminal to send a sounding reference signal includes: obtaining requirement information of measurement, where the requirement information includes a position and a bandwidth of a frequency hand to be measured; selecting a resource for a terminal from at least two preset resource patterns according to the requirement information, where multiple types of resource information are preset in each resource pattern of the at least two preset resource patterns to indicate a resource; and triggering the terminal to utilize the selected resource to send, a sounding reference signal.

In a long term evolution advanced (LTE-A, Long Term Evolution Advanced) communication system, a terminal needs to transmit a sounding reference signal (SRS, Sounding Reference Signal) to an evolved NodeB (eNB, E-UTRAN NodeB) to help the eNodeB obtain uplink channel information, so as to implement functions, such as frequency selective scheduling and link adaptation.
In a multi-antenna transmitting, mode, the eNodeB needs to measure each antenna port of the terminal. Therefore, each antenna port sends an SRS periodically, which inevitably leads to insufficiency of SRS resources. In fact, in many cases, the terminal does not need to keep sending the SRS all the time. Therefore, in the prior art, it is proposed that sending the SRS dynamically and non-periodically is used to reduce resource requirements. That is, the eNodeB determines whether a terminal needs to send the SRS according to actual conditions. If the terminal needs to send the SRS, the eNodeB sends trigger information through a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH, Physical Downlink Control Channel) to instruct the terminal to send the SRS. After triggered, the terminal sends the SRS according to resource information. The resource information includes SRS sending time, a frequency band position occupied by the SRS, a bandwidth, a cyclic shift (CS, Cyclic Shift), a comb, and so on.
Currently, there are mainly two methods for obtaining resource information. A first one is that the eNodeB carries the resource information in a trigger command when delivering the trigger command to the terminal; and a second one is that the eNodeB presets an SRS resource pattern (hereinafter referred to as resource pattern) for each terminal through higher-layer signaling, and when the terminal is triggered, the terminal finds proper resource information in the resource pattern according to trigger time, and then uses the resource information to send the SRS. Because the resource information involves many parameters, if the first method is adopted. PDCCH load is high. Therefore, in the prior an., the second method is mainly adopted to obtain the resource information,
Adopting the second method may reduce the PDCCH load, but it is not flexible. For example, if a bandwidth in the preset resource pattern is narrow, when a wide frequency hand is measured, the SRS needs to be sent for many times to cover the frequency band that needs to be measured, which leads to high PDCCH overhead and long measurement delay; if a bandwidth in the preset resource pattern is very wide, when a narrow frequency band is measured, a frequency band that needs no measurement originally is also covered by a sent SRS, which leads to a waste of resources.

Method for triggering terminal to send sounding reference signal, terminal, and base station


A fault analysis method includes: using a matrix of two sets of microgrid power distribution networks to analyze and solve a fault current, and for various types of faults of the distributed power distribution system, obtaining appropriate boundary conditions to calculate a variety of different types of single or simultaneous fault currents of load points. The present invention may be further applied to a situation where a bus or impedance or parallel loop is added. The present invention has good robustness and execution speed, and requires small memory space for calculation of analysis and identification of a power flow fault of the distributed power distribution system, and may be actually applied to an instrument control system for identification and analysis of a fault of a large-scalemicrogrid distribution system.

Referring to FIG. 1, it shows that a fault current of an asymmetrical fault of a conventional system must be analyzed by use of a symmetrical component method. Specifically, the system is decomposed into a positive, a negative and a zero phase sequence network, and serial and parallel connections of the positive, the negative and the zero phase sequence network are respectively performed according to various types of asymmetrical faults, such as a single line-to-ground (SLG) fault, a two-phase short circuit fault, and a double line-to-ground (DLG) fault, to solve the fault current of the asymmetrical fault. The process is rather cumbersome and time-consuming. Moreover, when a bus or impedance is added to the system, a Jacobian matrix or Y admittance matrix therein must be calculated and analyzed again, and the process is rather complicated, which reduces the execution speed and consumes a great deal of memory space. In addition, the conventional symmetrical component method is mainly applied to a three-phase network, which may be decomposed into three phase sequence networks, that is, a positive, a negative and a zero phase sequence network. However, when the power distribution system is a three-phase and single-phase mixed network, the application of the symmetrical component method is limited, and in actual application, power networks of a majority of microgrid power distribution systems are in a three-phase and single-phase mixed state, so that for the application of a smart instrument, it is necessary to provide an innovative and progressive system fault analysis and identification method, to solve the foregoing problem.
Many applications, such as network optimization, reactive-power planning, feeder reconfiguration, state estimation, short-circuit-analysis etc. are necessary to construct microgrid distribution automation (MGDA) effectively. These are the important tools for improving reliability and efficiency for off-line planning and real time operation of the protective needs of MGDA. A microgrid is made up of large numbers of on-site distributed generators (DGs), which may include microturbine generations (MTGs), battery energy storage systems (BESSs), photovoltaic cells, diesel engines, wind energy conversion systems, fuel cells, etc. The MGDA is expected to improve the penetration ratio of renewable energy so that it will diminish CO2 emissions. A robust and efficient faults analysis program is needed to solve MGDA networks in real-time. The real-time asymmetrical faults analysis is oriented toward applications in the operations area rather than in planning analysis. The results of such asymmetrical fault studies can be used for microgrid distribution (MGD) adaptive relay coordination and settings when feeder reconfiguration is performed automatically.
Therefore, the present invention provides a method for analyzing and identifying a power flow asymmetrical fault of a microgrid power distribution system, and particularly for symmetrical and asymmetrical fault analysis, which is not limited by the three-phase and single-phase mixed situation. The application of the present invention is more practical.

Microgrid power distribution system and power flow asymmetrical fault analysis method therefor

INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR ENERGY RESEARCH ATOMIC ENERGY COUNCIL, EXECUTIVE YUAN


A quill shaft which translates rotational energy between a gear and a drive shaft having a drive shaft spline includes a first leg having an inner spline which meshes with the drive shaft spline and a second leg concentric with the first leg and radially offset and separated from the first leg by a gap. The second leg includes an outer spline which meshes with the gear. The first leg is connected to the second leg at one end to allow for change to a gap size during while translating the rotational energy between the gear and a drive shaft.

The subject matter disclosed herein relates to the art of rotary wing aircraft and, more specifically, to rotor systems for rotary wing aircraft.
In typical rotary winged aircraft, for example, helicopters, rotary power is transmitted from an engine through a gearbox into the rotor system. The gearbox includes a housing-mounted large diameter bull gear that drives a main rotor shaft which in turn drives a main rotor of the aircraft. During aircraft operations, however, flight loads on the main rotor causes misalignment and/or relative movement or deflection between the bull gear and the rotor shaft.
To accommodate the relative deflections, a complex system of parts is included to connect the bull gear to the main rotor shaft. Referring to FIG. 5, the first is an adapter 100. The adapter 100 is engaged to the main rotor shaft 102 via a spline 104 at its inner diameter and is fixed to the main rotor shaft 102 via a nut 116. Typically, due to their size and other factors such as material properties of the main rotor shaft 102, splines 104 on main rotor shafts 102 cannot be crowned, making this arrangement necessary. The adapter 100 has a second spline 106 at its outer diameter that is crowned to allow for the misalignment between the main rotor shaft 102 and the bull gear 108. The second component, a quill shaft 110 has a pair of splines separated by a considerable axial distance. One spline of the pair of splines, typically the lower spline 114, is crowned to accommodate the predicted misalignment. The upper spline 112 of the quill shaft 110 is an internal spline and mates with the adapter 100, while the lower spline 114 is an external spline and mates with the bull gear 108.
There are many disadvantages to such a system. First, the number and size of components results in a heavy assembly. Second, the height required, in particular by the quill shaft, increases assembly envelope and weight. Additionally, the assembly relies on crowned splines, which tend to exhibit wear issues in applications such as these. Finally, this system easily accommodates angular or circumferential misalignments relative to the main rotor axis, but has limited capability to accommodate radial deflection.


The invention generally concerns compositions and methods for genetic vaccination with amyloid beta (Aβ) protein. Such vaccines may provide effective treatment for neurodegenerative disease such as Alzheimer's disease. Vaccination methods are can be used to induce a Th2 type immune response directed to Aβ. This immune response id shown to substantially reduce Aβ concentration and Aβ plaque size in an Alzheimer's model system.

I. Field of the Invention
The invention relates generally to the fields of neurology and immunology. Specifically, the invention concerns nucleic acid vaccines for treating and preventing Alzheimer's disease.
II. Description of Related Art
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, and currently there is no cure or effective treatment to prevent its progression. The cause of AD has been associated with the accumulation, aggregation, and deposition of amyloid beta peptides (Aβ) in cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and other subcortical structures (Selkoe, 2001; Rosenberg, 2000). Aβ is derived proteolytically from a glycosylated membrane protein known as beta-amyloid precursor protein or APP (Haass et al., 1992; Shoji et al., 1992). APP is ubiquitously expressed but is expressed at the highest levels in the central nervous system (Lahiri & Ge, 2004; Fox et al., 1997). The processed Aβ in brain is 39 to 43 amino acids in length with the major species being 40 and 42 amino acids (Aβ40 and Aβ42, respectively). In particular, the aggregated form of Aβ42 has been identified to play a major role in the initiation of neuropathology of AD (Iwatsubo et al., 1994; Iwatsubo et al., 1995; Yankner, 1996).
In recent years, reduction in the level of Aβ in brain has become a major therapeutic goal in prevention and treatment of AD. In transgenic mice carrying mutations causal of AD, reduction of the amyloid burden in brain and cognitive improvement have been achieved by active immunization of these mice with Aβ42 peptide or by infusion of anti-Aβ antibodies (Selkoe, 1999; Monsonego and Weiner, 2003; Schenk et al., 1999; Morgan et al., 2000; DeMattos et al., 2001). These results lead to a clinical trial of patients with Alzheimer's disease that was conducted by active Aβ42 peptide immunization. Unfortunately, the trial was halted due to the complications associated with cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) mediated meningoencephalitis that occurred in about 6% of immunized AD patients (Schenk, 2002; Rosenberg, 2005). Nonetheless, neuropsychological testing of immunized patients showed some slowing of cognitive loss in a subset of patients who exhibited significant anti-Aβ antibody production and subsequent Aβ plaque reduction and clearance upon post-mortem examination (Kotilinek et al., 2002; Hock et al., 2003; Sorbi, 2005; Fox et al., 2005 and Gilman et al., 2005).
A variety of Aβ vaccine strategies have been proposed in the art. For example, U.S. patent publns. 2004/0091945 and 2004/0138296 concern Aβ peptide vaccine compositions for the treatment AD. Peptide Aβ vaccines are also discussed in PCT publication WO 99/27944. However, previous peptide vaccination strategies have resulted in Aβ specific Th1 type immune responses and CTL mediated meningoencephalitis. It has also been suggested that DNA vaccination may be a possible approach to Aβ vaccination U.S. Pat. No. 6,787,140 and PCT publication WO 2005/014041. However, it was not clear how such genetic vaccines might stimulate an improved immune response profile (i.e. a Th2 type response) or what kinds of genetic vaccines would be the most effective. Thus, to date there has not been described an Aβ gene vaccine that can induce a robust Th2 type immune response that results in Aβ plaque reduction.

The Board of Regents of the University of Texas System


The present invention provides a resonance-type optical receiver circuit which keeps predetermined small distortion even when the received light level becomes high. The resonance-type optical receiver circuit varies the resistance value of variable resistance element 80, which is used as a load resistor to optical detector 4, in response to the intensity of output signal 10 of an amplifier. The load resistor varies in response to a variations of the received light level of the optical detector in this manner to keep the input to the amplifier lower than a fixed value.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a resonance-type optical receiver circuit for a optical communication system and to a method of receiving the light waves for the circuit.
2. Description of Related Art
A resonance-type optical receiver circuit includes a tuning circuit interposed between an optical detector and an amplifier. At the tuning frequency of the tuning circuit, the load impedance of the optical detector is high and circuit noise of the optical receiver circuit is suppressed. Accordingly, when a high frequency signal such as a radio signal which is low in ratio (fractional band width) between a required band and a center frequency is transmitted, a high reception sensitivity can be realized by employing a resonance-type optical receiver circuit. Known circuit types of the resonance-type optical receiver circuits include, for example, the parallel tuning type, the transformer tuning type, the mixed tuning type and the third-order band pass tuning type. Those resonance-type optical receiver circuits are disclosed in G. Jacobsen et al., "Tuned Front-End Design for Heterodyne Optical Receivers", Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol. 7, No. 1, p. 105, 1989; Kamal E. Alameh et al., "Tuned Optical Receivers for Microwave Subcarrier Multiplexed Lightwave System", Journal of IEEE transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 38, No. 5, May 1990; Thomas B. Darcie et al., "Resonant P-i-n FET Receivers for Lightwave Subcarrier System", Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol. 6, No. 4, April 1988; and Noboru Takachio et al., "A Novel Resonance-Type Optical Receiver for High-Speed Optical Heterodyne Transmission System", Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol. 7, No. 9, September 1989. The resonance-type optical receiver circuits disclosed, however, are publications of the results of research into circuits to prevent noise involved in receiving.
In order to realize a high receiving sensitivity with a resonance-type optical receiver circuit, the load impedance of the optical detector must be high. However, where the load impedance of the optical detector is high, when a light signal of a high level is inputted, the input level to the amplifier in the optical receiver circuit is so high that the output signal of the optical receiver circuit may possibly be distorted. Distortion due to the high level input results a serious problem particularly when a high frequency signal in which a large number of carriers is multiplied optically transmitted.
Further, in a resonance-type optical receiver circuit, it is necessary to have the tuning frequency coincide exactly with the frequency of the received signal. However, under the influence of the quality dispersion of parts, the tuning frequency is sometimes drifts from the frequency of the received signal. This frequency drift matters when a resonance-type optical receiver circuit is actually manufactured or actually used.
Further, in resonance-type optical receiver circuits, an inductor is connected between the optical detector and the ground. Accordingly, when the signal has a very low frequency, the load impedance of the optical detector is low and the level of the signal inputted to the amplifier is very low. Further, with regard to the dc signals, the output of the optical detector is almost equivalent to be short-circuited directly to the ground, so that the dc signal is not inputted to the amplifier. Accordingly, with conventional resonance-type optical receiver circuits, it is difficult to receive a low frequency signal (for example, a base band signal of a television signal or a digital signal, or a modulation signal having a very low carrier frequency) simultaneously with a high frequency signal.

Resonance-type optical receiver circuit having a maximum amplifier input controlled by using an amplifier feedback and its method of receiving


In various embodiments, methods and systems are disclosed for integrating a remote presentation protocol with a datagram based transport. In one embodiment, an integrated protocol is configured to support lossless or reduced loss transport based on Retransmission (ARQ) combined with Forward Error Correction (FEC). The protocol involves encoding and decoding of data packets including feedback headers and FEC packets, continuous measurement of RTT, RTO and packet delay, dynamically evaluating loss probability to determine and adjust the ratio of FEC, congestion management based on dynamically detecting increase in packet delay, and fast data transmission rate ramp-up based on detecting a decrease in packet delay.

Remote computing systems can enable users to remotely access hosted resources. Servers on the remote computing systems can execute programs and transmit signals indicative of a user interface to clients that can connect by sending signals over a network conforming to a communication protocol such as the TCP/IP protocol. Each connecting client may be provided a remote presentation session, i.e., an execution environment that includes a set of resources. Each client can transmit signals indicative of user input to the server and the server can apply the user input to the appropriate session. The clients may use remote presentation protocols such as the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) to connect to a server resource.
Remote presentation protocols are typically session level protocols that use a TCP-type connection between the client and the host. When a remote presentation session is established over a wide area network, round trip time and data packet loss may result in delays that negatively impact real time end user experience, such as tearing and jitter.

Remote presentation over lossy transport with forward error correction


An electrical filter assembly including a housing; at least one electrical wire extending into the housing; and a filter subassembly on the housing, the filter subassembly comprising a lead frame and a filter circuit connected to the lead frame. The filter circuit has a plurality of capacitors attached to the lead frame as a modular block. The lead frame comprises at least one insulation displacement contact section which makes electrical connection with the at least one electrical wire.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an electrical filter assembly and, more particularly, to an electrical filter assembly having a filter subassembly with an insulation displacement contact (IDC) connection.
2. Brief Description of Prior Developments
U.S. Pat. No. 5,099,762 discloses an electrostatic discharge immune electric initiator. U.S. Pat. No. 6,276,953 discloses an orientationless squib connector assembly for automotive air bag assemblies. For a filtered connector intended to be used in a small space, such as an automobile air bag connector, increasing the size of the connector is not desired. U.S. Pat. No. 6,152,775, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety, discloses a filtered electrical connector with multiple ferrite members.
Air bag electrical connectors which use ferrite hoods are good for filtering electromagnetic interference around 500 MHz. However, automobiles are now being provided with electronics, such as mobile telephones and Global Positioning System (GPS) devices which can generate electromagnetic interference in the area of about 2-4 GHz. This electromagnetic interference can induce current in conductors leading to an air bag gas generator and cause an accidental discharge of the gas generator. There is a need to provide an air bag connector which can filter electromagnetic interference above 2 GHz and thereby prevent accidental discharge of an air bag gas generator from such interference.

Electrical filter assembly having IDC connection


A footprint for adaptable MMIC arrays is disclosed in which the size, number and location of the array components is optimized for the fabrication by depositing a personalizing metal interconnecting layer on the array, of essentially any MMIC circuit from a single footprint layout.

In the fabrication of microwave monolithic integrated circuits (MMICs), it is often necessary to design application-specific circuits of which only a relatively small number will ever be made. Integrated circuit design and manufacture is notoriously expensive, not only because it involves a great deal of work on the part of the engineering professionals and highly skilled technicians, but also because each manufactured circuit must be individually characterized to deal with inherent slight differences in the manufacturing process of the semiconductor layers.
To overcome this problem and make MMIC design more affordable, it has previously been proposed by Turner et al. in the article "Application Specific MMIC: A Unique and Affordable Approach to MMIC Development (IEEE Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Monolithic Circuits Symposium, 1988) to manufacture a footprint consisting of all of the chip circuitry, except for the metallic interconnection layer, in quantity on large wafers, and to build different kinds of circuits by subsequently covering the footprint with an appropriate metallic interconnection layer.
Basically, the footprint or MMIC array is a monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) chip which has a set pattern or array of unconnected field effect transistors (FETs), diodes and N+ and nichrome resistors. An entire wafer can have this array repeated across its surface. Multiple wafers can thus be processed and put into storage. When circuits are needed quickly for a program, a variety of masks for the formation of metallic and dielectric layers defining capacitors, interconnection between the footprint elements, and airbridges can be rapidly produced or taken from a library of pre-designed mask sets. Thus, a variety of metallic and dielectric patterns can be easily added to identical footprint chips to form a variety of microwave circuits, and the types of circuits and quantity of circuits needed can be quickly acquired. Another significant advantage to having an array which allows for many types of circuits to be realized and wafers to be fabricated and stored, is that once the first wafers finished with top metallization are characterized, then all the remaining wafers will have very similar electrical characteristics. This then removes much of the design risk inherent in MMIC design, i.e. the process variation from the nominal models used in design. Once the wafers are characterized, exact models can be used instead of statistical models.
In practice, an important aspect of the manufacture of footprint chips that lend themselves to the realization of a commercially viable number of different microwave circuits is the nature and placement of the chip components. Prior art approaches to the footprint technique encountered problems because the positioning of the circuit elements on the footprint made it difficult to design interconnection layers for many different applications. Also, it was difficult to change the value of the nichrome resistors on the chip from one application to another, or to so interconnect the chip components as to allow operation in the multi-gigahertz range.
Although prior art footprints have proven generally suitable for their intended purposes, they possess inherent deficiencies which detract from their overall effectiveness and desirability. Specifically, the prior art approach has several notable deficiencies which limit its practical applicability. For one, it includes low frequency components intermixed with microwave components of the footprint thereby wasting 25% to 75% of the available chip area. Each quadrant of the prior art footprint is specialized for a specific type of function, thereby reducing its flexibility and reusability.
Secondly, the prior art does not have dual axis symmetry (i.e. symmetry about both the x axis and the y axis). The prior art footprints have only x-axis symmetry. The lack of this symmetry degrades MMIC performance when the circuit design is balance driven (i.e. push-pull amplifiers, double balanced mixers, etc.). Mixers especially require dual axis symmetry due to their having 3 ports, each of which should be symmetrical. Another very important benefit of dual axis symmetry is the ability to mirror or rotate designs 180.degree. to facilitate layout of larger scale integrations and allow manipulation of relative I/O port locations.
Thirdly, the prior art has gate connections on only one side of the FETs. This tends to introduce layout parasitics and leads to awkward circuit implementations.
Fourthly, the prior art footprints use a coplanar ground approach to allow the use of wafer probe testing; however, coplanar circuits require large amounts of "real estate" to form top-side ground planes.
Lastly, the above-mentioned prior art disclosure requires a total of seven separate footprints to realize a limited array of functions. The need for many different footprints reduces the usefulness of the adaptability concept. If a semiconductor wafer is populated with many different footprints and each one is only suited to a narrow range of applications, then the option to replicate only one or two designs across the entire wafer is not possible without wasting the remaining footprint sites. This would be important if a single design were needed in high volume.
It is therefore desirable to provide a footprint which is highly adaptable to a large variety of circuits with relatively simple interconnection designs.


An ECU drives a brake device of a vehicle to reduce a collision risk with an object or collision damage of the vehicle. The ECU acquires position information of the object based on a combination of data transmitted from a radar device and an in-vehicle camera. The ECU performs a first judgment to detect whether to drive the brake device based on the acquired position information of the object. The ECU further performs a second judgment to detect whether to drive the brake device based on another calculation process. The ECU diagnoses the result of the first judgment. When the result of the first judgment is correct, an operation limitation part in the ECU transmits the result of the first judgment to the control processing part to drive the brake device, and when incorrect, prohibits the transmission of the result of the first judgment to the control processing part.

Recently, there has been proposed a technique regarding a pre-crash safety (PCS) system. The PCS system is driven when collision risk of an own vehicle increases to a high level in order to prevent a collision of the own vehicle with another vehicle, a pedestrian or a structure on a roadway, etc. When an incorrect calculation, used for driving the safety device, occurs due to a memory error, etc., the incorrect calculation often causes incorrect driving of the safety device.
In order to solve this problem, Patent document 1 has provided an automobile brake device. This automobile brake device has a control unit of a hierarchy structure having plural units, in which each unit calculates a braking force instruction value based on another braking force instruction value transmitted from a high hierarchy-level unit and sensor information transmitted from various sensors, and sequentially transmits the calculated braking force instruction value to a low hierarchy-level unit.
In the automobile brake device, the high hierarchy-level unit diagnoses the calculation results of the low hierarchy-level which is at one level lower. When a diagnosis result indicates that an incorrect calculation has occurred in the low hierarchy-level, the high hierarchy-level unit transmits to another lower unit at two levels lower. This control makes it possible to suppress the low hierarchy-level, in which an incorrect calculation occurs, from operating, and to drive the automobile brake device only by using the units which operate correctly.

Vehicle control device and vehicle control method


A digital broadcast receiver schedules the startup of its software on the basis of the number of data transfer channels and core processing units available to transfer the necessary programs into main storage and execute them, the execution priority order of the programs, the time required to transfer each necessary program into main storage, and the time required to initialize each program. If a snapshot startup option exists for a program, the initialization time is compared with the time required for transferring the snapshot of the program's working data and for further post-processing. Consideration of the data transfer times and initialization times as well as execution priority enables the shortest schedule to be determined.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a digital broadcast receiver, more particularly to a digital broadcast receiver that is ready to start displaying a video picture from a received digital broadcast signal a short time after being powered on, and to the startup method it employs.
2. Description of the Related Art
To offer various digital broadcasting services, besides audio and video information, digital broadcasters transmit additional information such as text or still picture data information and bidirectional interactive information based on input from the viewer. The software programs (also referred to as application programs) for executing such services have functions that are more varied and advanced than the functions used to receive conventional broadcasting. Digital broadcast receivers therefore use a general-purpose operating system (OS) to execute the programs.
In a digital broadcast receiver using an OS, software program data for each of these digital broadcasting services are read from a nonvolatile memory, where the programs are stored, into a random access memory (RAM) where the programs are executed, the reading and execution being under the control of a central processing unit (CPU). When a software program is executed, it generally starts by carrying out preparatory (initialization) processing which is necessary before the processing that implements the service functions can be carried out. Some of the functions implemented by software programs require a prodigious amount of initialization computation, which can take considerable time. The snapshot startup feature of the OS is sometimes used to shorten the startup time.
When a software program is initialized, the results of the initialization process are stored in the RAM. Data generated after the initialization process are also stored in the RAM. The data stored in the RAM during and after initialization will be referred to as working data. To prepare for a snapshot startup, the operating system saves the working data into the nonvolatile memory. Then in a snapshot startup, the operating system reads the software program data and the working data from the nonvolatile memory into the RAM, performs the minimum necessary amount of post-processing, and immediately lets the program start executing its function, skipping the initialization process. The combination of the software program data and the working data read in a snapshot startup will be referred to as snapshot data.
Even though the lengthy initialization processing of the software programs that implement the various functions of a digital broadcast receiver is skipped, however, the amount of working data that must be loaded into the RAM is large. If the digital broadcast receiver were to create a single snapshot of all the software programs it is executing, a great amount of snapshot data would have to be read from the nonvolatile memory at the next startup. This type of snapshot startup could take longer than a normal startup.
A startup method disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2009-176151 (page 4, FIG. 2) therefore creates separate snapshots of different programs and reads the separate snapshots in a sequence determined from data dependencies of the working data, or simply in the sequence in which the programs are needed. The time required to transfer snapshot data from the nonvolatile memory to the RAM and the time required for post-processing after the snapshot data have been read has not been considered, however, in determining the order in which the snapshots are read in conventional digital broadcast receivers. If the startup procedure includes snapshot data requiring a long transfer time or lengthy post-processing, the startup time is not necessarily reduced to any significant extent.
For example, if the snapshot data reading sequence is determined in accordance with the data dependencies of the working data so as to minimize the rewriting of data in the RAM, snapshot data that are not necessary for receiving ordinary broadcasts may be read before other more essential snapshot data. When the snapshot data transfer time is long, this can significantly delay the start of broadcast reception.
An alternative startup method, disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2010-140156 (page 3, FIG. 1), determines what components of the receiver are required to start a particular function and reads only the snapshot data needed by those components. When a plurality of functions are started in sequence, however, this method does not always reduce the startup time. For example, suppose that the snapshot data of function A (e.g., tuner control) and function B (decoder control) are read to start receiving a broadcast. The software program of function A has a high priority level and a relatively small snapshot data size, and its snapshot post-processing is very short. The software program of function B has a lower priority level and more snapshot data, and requires more snapshot post-processing. If the order in which the software programs are started is determined just by execution priority, then the programs of functions A and B will be started from their individual snapshots in this order (A->B). The reverse order (B->A), however, might shorten the startup time by allowing the snapshot data of function A to be read during the post-processing of function B. In some other cases, such as when the first two functions to be started are a broadcast receiving function and an electronic program guide function, the electronic program guide function cannot start during the initialization of the broadcast receiving function. The electronic program guide function and all other functions must wait until the broadcast receiving function is completely started.

Digital broadcast receiver and software startup method


A light-emitting element includes a first interlayer that is disposed between a first and second light-emitting layers so as to be in contact with them and is constituted by containing the same or the same type of material as the host material of the first light-emitting layer and not substantially containing materials having a light-emitting property; and a second interlayer that is disposed between the second and a third light-emitting layer so as to be in contact with them and is constituted by containing the same or the same type of material as the host material of the second light-emitting layer and/or the host material of the third light-emitting layer and not substantially containing materials having a light-emitting property.

1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to a light-emitting element, a display device, and an electronic apparatus.
2. Related Art
An organic electroluminescence element (so-called organic EL element) is a light-emitting element having a structure in which at least one light-emitting organic layer is interposed between an anode and a cathode. In such a light-emitting element, by applying an electric field between the cathode and the anode, electrons are injected into the light-emitting layer from the cathode side, and holes are injected into the light-emitting layer from the anode side. As a result, the electrons and the holes are recombined in the light-emitting layer to generate excitons, and the energy when the excitons return to the ground state is emitted as light.
As such a light-emitting element, for example, a light-emitting element in which three light-emitting layers corresponding to three colors, red (R), green (G), and blue (B), are laminated between a cathode and an anode to emit white light is known (for example, see JP-A-2006-172762). Such a light-emitting element that emits white light can display a full-color image by being used in combination with color filters arranged so that three colors of red (R), green (G), and blue (B) are allocated to each pixel.
In the light-emitting element disclosed in JP-A-2006-172762, the energy of excitons can be prevented from moving between the light-emitting layers by disposing an interlayer between the light-emitting layers. On this occasion, if the interlayer is bipolar allowing both electrons and holes to move, electrons and holes can be injected into each light-emitting layer while retaining excellent resistance of the interlayer against electrons and holes, which allows to emit white light.
However, in the light-emitting element disclosed in JP-A-2006-172762, since the interlayers having the same structure are disposed between the light-emitting layers that emit the respective color lights, the numbers of electrons and holes injected into the light-emitting layers differ from one another among the light-emitting layers. As a result, there is a problem in that the light-emitting layers cannot be allowed to emit light in a balanced manner.

Light-emitting element, display device, and electronic apparatus having a plurality of interlayers


A self-aligning bearing assembly utilizing PDC buttons for forming opposing circumferential arrays of bearing surfaces, is particularly suitable for use in a fluid environment, such as being immersed in flowing water when supporting the rotor of a hydroelectric turbine. One bearing surface is supported for rotation with the rotor. The opposing bearing surface is supported by a spherical joint in a stationary housing. When the rotor is subjected to hydraulic loading, the opposing bearing surface can be tilted to self-align with the rotor axis.

Bearings are known to support a rotor against radial loading. When the radial bearings are used in a fluid environment, such as being submerged in the fluid, the fluid may or may not be a lubricating fluid and may contain particulates which enter the gap between bearing surfaces. The fluid environment may cause reduced life of the bearings and ineffective operation thereof.
An example of one such bearing assembly, used in a hydroelectric application, supports a rotor which is connected between turbine blades submerged in a flow of water and a generator at surface, wherein the bearing assembly supports a lower end of the rotor and is fully submerged in the water.
There is a need in industry for improved bearing assemblies which are operative in a fluid environment and which are not subject to failure as a result of the fluid or particulates therein.

PDC bearing for use in a fluid environment


A method for producing an organic light emitting diode (OLED) unit includes: (a) forming an electrode pad on a substrate; (b) forming an insulating layer to cover and to partially expose the electrode pad; (c) forming an electrically conductive oxide layer on the insulating layer in such a manner that the exposed electrode pad is covered by and electrically coupled to the electrically conductive oxide layer; and (d) forming an organic illuminating multilayer structure on the substrate, the organic illuminating multilayer structure including an inner electrode that is electrically coupled to the electrode pad.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to an illuminating device, more particularly to an organic light emitting diode illuminating device.
2. Description of the Related Art
Referring to FIG. 1, Taiwanese Patent No. I307559 discloses a conventional organic light emitting diode (abbreviated as OLED hereinafter) illuminating device 1, which includes a substrate 11, a bottom electrode layer 12, an organic light emitting structure 13 disposed on the bottom electrode layer 12, a top electrode layer 14 disposed on the organic light emitting structure 13, and a packaging cover 15.
The bottom electrode layer 12 is formed on a top surface of the substrate 11 and has an inner electrode zone 122 and an outer electrode zone 121 that is electrically coupled to the inner electrode zone 121 and that is exposed from the organic light emitting structure 13. The top electrode layer 14 has an inner electrode zone 142 that covers the organic light emitting structure 13, and an outer electrode zone 141 that is electrically coupled to the inner electrode zone 142 of the top electrode layer 14, that is formed on the top surface of the substrate 11, and that is spaced apart from the bottom electrode layer 12. The packaging cover 15 partially covers the outer electrode zones 121, 141 of the top and bottom electrode layers 12, 14.
People who have ordinary skill in the art would appreciate that the top and bottom electrode layers 12, 14 are usually made of a metallic material having high electrical conductivity. Although the packaging cover 15 of the conventional OLED illuminating device 1 can prevent the inner electrode zones 122, 142 of the top and bottom electrode layers 12, 14 from being exposed to the exterior environment, the outer electrode zones 121, 141 of the top and bottom electrode layers 12, 14, which are partially exposed to the exterior environment, are highly susceptible to damage caused by reaction with atmospheric components such as oxygen and water, thereby adversely affecting electrical property thereof. Moreover, when a functional testing is performed, a probe which is in contact with the outer electrode zones 121, 141 of the top and bottom electrode layers 12, 14 may cause damage thereto and adversely affect the electrical property thereof.
U.S. Pat. No. 7,026,660 B2 discloses a conventional OLED device provided with a polyimide layer to encapsulate contact conductors, but bond pads thereof are exposed to the exterior environment and may still suffer from damage caused by detrimental reaction with atmospheric constituents such as oxygen and water.
Therefore, there is a need in the art to improve the structure of the OLED illuminating device so as to prolong the service life of the OLED illuminating device.

OLED unit, method for making the same, and OLED illuminating device comprising the same


An object of the invention is to provide a server unit, which is so structured as to enable efficient cooling and which can be installed in great numbers in a server unit cabinet, and which comprises a cartridge type server unit 3 comprising (a) a printed circuit board 31 for a server unit, which is equipped with a central processing unit (CPU) and main memory and which serves as a computer with the supply of external electric power at constant voltage, (b) a heat sink 33 supported by the printed circuit board 31 for the server unit, and (c) a front panel 35 which supports the printed circuit board 31 for the server unit; wherein the front panel 35 supports the printed circuit board 31 so that a flat surface of the printed circuit board 31 is positioned vertically when the server unit 3 is accommodated, wherein a part of a heat sink 33 makes contact with highly heat-generating components mounted on the printed circuit board 31 via heat conduction means, and wherein a heat pipe 331 is provided to transmit heat from said contacting part to another part of the heat sink.

The present invention relates to a cartridge type server unit comprising (a) a printed circuit board for a server unit, mounted with a CPU and memory which operate with external constant voltage, (b) a front panel which supports the printed circuit board for the server unit, and (c) connectors provided on the printed circuit board for the server unit, and eliminating the need of additional wiring. The invention also relates to a server unit cabinet which accommodates multiple pieces of said server unit therein.
With rapid development of the Internet, burdens on Internet servers have become so large that servers might hang up. To cope with an increased load on servers, one option is to increase the capacity of a server itself. However, such a capacity increase has a limit, and multiple server units are installed to disperse the increased load.
If multiple server units are grouped so as to function as a single server, each server unit is not required to be a high-performance workstation, but a so-called PC server can well do for the purpose. In this case, several hundred PC servers must be installed on one site. When a user accesses this site, he/she will be led to one of the installed PC servers. An increase in the load can be coped with by increasing PC servers.
To install several hundred server units, a considerably large space is required. If it is taken into account that a power source, a cooling method, and safety control be provided, the cost for the installation space will further increase. In addition, it is predicted that several server units will be added every month. The maintenance work including accurate wiring and replacement of server units which have failed will become a very serious problem.
Normally, on a site where a larger number of server units are installed, multiple server units are accommodated in a server unit rack which extends vertically, so that the space can be effectively utilized in that direction. For example, a server unit rack called a 19xe2x80x3 rack has a width of 19 inches (482.6 mm) and a height equivalent to 42 units (1871.1 mm: 1 U=44.45 mm). If typical tower type server units are used, a single rack allows only 4 to 6 units to be installed.
In order to solve this problem with the space for installing server units, a server unit with a thickness of 1 U has been developed. 42 units of said server have been stacked without clearance in a single rack. In this method, however, since a CPU and an HDD must be incorporated in a space of 1 U in thickness, it is difficult to handle heating from these components. As a result, the thickness of a server unit has been changed from 1 U back to 2 U, and clearance for ventilation has been provided for each server unit. Therefore, the number of server units which can practically be installed has decreased to approximately a half.
When a larger number of server units are to be accommodated in a server unit cabinet, it is necessary to supply each server unit with electric power and to connect wiring for signal input/output. These connections are made on the rear of the server unit cabinet. To ensure accuracy, therefore, great care must be taken and troublesome work is required.
The present invention aims to provide a server unit which is designed to allow a larger number of server units to be accommodated in a server unit cabinet and to be efficiently cooled therein.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a server unit cabinet which can be installed in a server unit rack and which allows multiple server units to be accommodated therein.
An even further object of the invention contemplates the provision of structures of the server unit and server unit cabinet which allow for easily and efficiently making a connection between the server unit and any external device and for quite easily making a connection for power supply.
In order to solve said problem, this invention comprises (a) a printed circuit board for a server unit, which is equipped with a central processing unit (CPU) and main memory and which serves as a computer with the supply of external electric power, (b) a heat sink supported by the printed circuit board for the server unit, and (c) a front panel which supports the printed circuit board for the server unit. The structure of said server unit is such that the front panel supports the printed circuit board for the server unit so as to vertically position a flat surface of the printed circuit board for the server unit when accommodating the server unit, that a part of the heat sink makes contact with highly heat-generating components mounted on the printed circuit board for the server unit via heat conduction means, and that heat conduction means are provided to transmit heat from said contacting part to another part of the heat sink.
According to the invention, the cartridge type server unit is such that a connector having a signal input/output terminal and a power inlet terminal is provided on one side opposite to the side supported by the front panel of the printed circuit board for the server unit.
According to the invention, the cartridge type server unit is such that an extension connector to which an extension board is connected is provided on one surface of the printed circuit board for the server unit.
According to the invention, the cartridge type server unit is such that a heat pipe is used to form the heat transmission means to be provided for the heat sink.
According to the invention, the cartridge type server unit is such that an input/output connector for maintenance use is provided on the front panel and that air vents for cooling are provided on the lower part of the front panel.
In order to further solve the problem, the invention provides a server unit cabinet for accommodating multiple pieces of said cartridge type server unit and at least one constant-voltage power source therein with a server unit space for accommodating multiple server units, a power source space for mounting at least one constant-voltage power source, a signal transmission means space for accommodating signal transmission means, and a cooling space for accommodating cooling means. The invention further provides the server unit cabinet with a server unit connector having a signal input/output terminal and a constant-voltage outlet terminal, and with a power connector having a signal input/output point, an external power inlet terminal, and a constant-voltage power inlet terminal. The invention even further provides the server unit cabinet with (a) a wiring circuit board which includes wiring between the constant-voltage inlet terminal of the power connector and the constant-voltage outlet terminal of the server unit connector, and wiring between the signal input/output terminal of the server unit connector and the signal input/output point, (b) an external signal input/output connector provided on the front of the server unit cabinet, and (c) signal transmission means which connects between said external signal input/output connector and the signal input/output point of said wiring circuit board.
According to the invention the server unit cabinet is such that the input/output point provided on the wiring circuit board is structured as a relay connector, and that the signal transmission means are a cable having a connector which is connected to said relay connector.
According to the invention, the server unit cabinet is such that the signal transmission means connecting between the input/output point provided on the wiring circuit board and the external signal input/output connector are wiring.
According to the invention, the server unit cabinet is such that cooling fans are used as the cooling means.
According to the invention, the server unit cabinet is such that means for guiding a server unit so that a connector provided on the server unit connects to the server unit connector on the wiring circuit board, are provided in the server unit space.
According to the invention, the server unit cabinet is such that means for guiding a constant-voltage power source so that a connector provided on the constant-voltage power source connects to the power connector on the wiring circuit board, are provided in the power source space.

Server unit comprising stacked multiple server unit cabinets accommodating multiple cartridge type server units

c/o Internet Research Institute, Inc., Shinmuromachi Bldg. 10F., 4-3, Nihonbashimuromachi 2-chome, Chuo-ku


The present invention provides an over-coating composition comprising a basic compound for coating a photoresist composition to provide a vertical photoresist pattern.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an over-coating composition and processes for forming a fine pattern using the same. In particular, the present invention relates to an over-coating composition comprising a basic compound, and methods for forming ultrafine (i.e.,  less than 150 nm) patterns using the same. The over-coating composition of the present invention is particularly suitable in a photolithography process using photoresist resins having a low light transmittance.
2. Description of the Background Art
In a photolithography process, an exposure of photoresist to light of a particular wavelength generates an acid from the photoacid generator present in the photoresist. The photo generated acid causes the main chain or the branched chain of the resin to decompose or become cross-linked. In addition, the acid removes the acid labile group and changes the polarity of the photoresist in the exposed region. This polarity change creates a solubility difference between the exposed portion and the unexposed portion in a developing solution, thereby allowing a pattern formation. The resolution of the pattern that is formed depends on the wavelength, i.e., in general, a shorter wavelength allows formation of more minute patterns.
Fine photoresist patterns of 150 nm L/S have successfully been developed using a light source which produces light having wavelength of 248 nm (KrF). Attempts at forming high quality fine circuit patterns smaller than 150 nm have thus far been relatively unsuccessful. These attempts have used light sources which generate short wavelengths such as ArF (193 nm), F2 (157 nm) and EUV (13 nm) and have employed photoresist resins having a low transmittance to the short wavelengths, resulting in poor quality patterns. For example, a photoresist resin which has been used with i-line (365 nm) and KrF (248 nm) light sources contains aromatic compounds, which have a relatively high absorbance of 193 nm wavelength light. Photoresists comprising acrylic or alicyclic resins which do not contain aromatic compounds have also been synthesized and used; unfortunately, these resins also have a relatively high absorbance of 193 nm wavelength light.
Use of conventional chemically amplified photoresist resins having a low transmittance is undesirable because the low transmittance results in more light reaching the upper portion of the photoresist than the bottom portion, which results in higher acid concentration in the upper portion of the photoresist than in the bottom portion of the photoresist, which can result in a bulk slope profile pattern. See FIG. 1b. This is contrasted to a pattern formed when the photoresist resin has a relatively low light absorbance. In this case, the amount of light reaching the upper and bottom portions of the photoresist is nearly identical, thus forming a desired vertical pattern. See FIG. 1a.
In order to overcome the above disadvantages, efforts have been directed at synthesizing resins having a low light absorbance, in particular for light wavelengths of 157 nm (F2) and 13 nm (EUV). Unfortunately, these attempts have proven unsuccessful as acids generated in the exposed area of the photoresists are neutralized by atmospheric amines during the time between the exposure and post exposure baking (xe2x80x9cpost exposure delay effectxe2x80x9d). Since pattern formation depends on acids that are generated by the exposure, neutralization of acids by atmospheric amine compounds reduces, prevents or alters a pattern or the pattern may have a T-shape (xe2x80x9cT-toppingxe2x80x9d). This problem is especially acute when the concentration of environmental amines is over 30 ppb, which can lead to no pattern formation.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an over-coating composition containing a basic compound that can solve the above-mentioned problems.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a process for forming a photoresist pattern by using the above over-coating composition.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a semiconductor device produced by using the above described over-coating composition.

Over-coating composition for photoresist, and processes for forming photoresist patterns using the same

Hyundai Electronics Industries Co., Ltd.


A method and a network device for establishing FlexE path includes a first forwarding node receiving a first path establishment request message sent by a first source node, where the first path establishment request message is used to establish a first FlexE path between the first source node and a first destination node, and the first FlexE path is used to transmit a first service flow; the first forwarding node establishing a second FlexE path between the first forwarding node and a second forwarding node based on the first path establishment request message, and deleting an established third FlexE path between the first forwarding node and the second forwarding node after the second FlexE path is established; and the first forwarding node establishing and storing a correspondence between the first FlexE path and the second FlexE path.

A flexible ethernet and ethernet technology developed based on a conventional ethernet. Bandwidth of services of different flexible ethernet clients (FlexE Client) can be separated at a port by using the FlexE technology. Therefore, such a technology may also be applied to an Internet Protocol (IP) ethernet, to ensure quality of service (QoS) of a specific service. For example, a node 11, a node 13, a node 14, a node 16, and a node 17 are connected to each other through the FlexE, a service flow 1 whose source node is the node 13 and destination node is the node 16 may be carried by establishing an end-to-end FlexE path (or channel) 1 that passes through the node 14 and that is between the node 13 and the node 16, and a service flow 2 whose source node is the node 11 and destination node is the node 17 may be carried by establishing an end-to-end FlexE path 2 that is between the node 11 and the node 17 and whose forwarding nodes are successively the node 13, the node 14, and the node 16. Exclusive bandwidth assurance and service separation may be provided for the service flow 1 and the service flow 2, to ensure QoS of the service flow 1 and QoS of the service flow 2.
As shown in FIG. 3, when the FlexE path 2 is established, an end-to-end FlexE path between the node 13 and the edge node 16 needs to be re-established. The re-established FlexE path is used as a part of the FlexE path 2. When the service flow 2 arrives at the node 13, the service flow is carried by using the re-established FlexE path. In this way, the nodes 13 and 16 need to maintain at least two FlexE paths (namely, the FlexE path 1 and the FlexE path 2). Consequently, management complexity of edge forwarding nodes B1 and B2 is increased, and signaling overheads caused by maintaining the FlexE paths are increased.

Flexible ethernet path establishment method and network device


There is provided a communication method using a human body as a medium. A modulation apparatus using a frequency selective baseband according to an aspect of the invention may include: a serial-to-parallel conversion unit converting serial data supplied from an upper layer into parallel data consisting of M+1 number of data input bits; and a frequency selective spreader selecting one subgroup among a plurality of subgroups obtained by dividing 2N number (where N is a positive integer) of spreading codes used for frequency spreading by 2M (where M is a positive integer, and M<N is satisfied), and selecting and outputting one spreading code among 2M number of spreading codes of the one subgroup by using the M number of data input bits, and spreading codes obtained by performing bit circular shifts on the 2M number of spreading codes. Accordingly, the number of transmission data is increased to improve a transmission data rate, strong interference induced from users and other electronic devices is reduced, and stable human body communication having low power consumption is performed.

A human body communication technology exchanges signals between devices connected to a human body by using the human body having conductivity as a communication channel. A user s touch allows network communications between various kinds of portable devices, such as personal digital assistants (PDAs), portable personal computers, digital cameras, MP3 players, and cellular phones, and network communications between a user and fixed devices, such as printers, TVs, and door entry systems.
Currently, examples of a human body communication method may include a technique using a limited passband, scrambling using a unique user identification (ID), channel coding, interleaving, and spreading.
However, the human body communication methods use a passband having an intermediate frequency (fc), which is used by most of the communication systems, in order to use a limited frequency band. Therefore, the communication systems require an analog transceiver including a digital-to-analog converter, an analog-to-digital converter, an intermediate frequency converter, and the like, which increases power consumption.
Further, the current human body communication methods are inefficient due to a limited frequency band that is used to obtain a processing gain in a time domain/frequency domain spreading method because this makes it difficult to increase a data transmission rate and achieve stable data transmission and reception.

Modulation and demodulation apparatus using frequency selective baseband and transmission and reception apparatus using the same

Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute


An apparatus comprises a first plurality of buffers configured to store operations belonging to a first virtual channel and a control circuit coupled to the first plurality of buffers. The first virtual channel includes first operations and second operations, wherein each of the first operations depend on at least one of the second operations during use. A first number of the first operations is less than or equal to a maximum. It is ambiguous, for a first received operation in the first virtual channel, whether the first received operation is one of the first operations or the second operations. A total number of the first plurality of buffers exceeds the maximum.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention is related to the field of deadlock prevention in communications between coherent agents in a distributed coherent system.
2. Description of the Related Art
In various systems in which multiple agents may initiate operations, system deadlock is a possibility. Particularly, operations may be part of a complex set of operations required to complete a communication between agents in the system. In such cases, the operations may have various dependencies on one another, requiring operations to be able to bypass one another at the communication medium to complete the overall communication. If the bypassing is not possible, deadlock may occur. Thus, mechanisms to prevent deadlock are needed.
One mechanism used to prevent deadlock is virtual channels. A virtual channel may be though of as an abstract connection over a communication medium. Each virtual channel used on the communication medium is defined to flow over the communication medium logically independent of the other virtual channels on that communication medium. For example, buffers on each side of the communication medium may be defined for the virtual channels, and separate (independent) flow controls may be used for each virtual channel. Thus, if one virtual channel is blocked (e.g. due to a lack of receiving buffers on the other end of the communication medium, or for some logical reason such as a protocol requirement or dependency), other virtual channels may still communicate over the communication medium. In some cases, a given virtual channel may be implemented as a separate physical communication medium. In other cases, however, virtual channels may share at least a portion of a communication medium between a source and a destination.
By assigning operations that may have dependencies on each other to separate virtual channels, the operations may be permitted to occur in the correct order since the virtual channels may not block each other due to physical or resource constraints. That is, if a first operation is stalled due to a dependency on a second operation, the fact that the second operation is in a different virtual channel than the first operation ensures that the second operation will not be blocked from transmission by the first operation.
In some cases, false dependencies between operations may occur. For example, such false dependencies may occur if there is ambiguity as to the dependency (or lack thereof). If ambiguity may not be resolved at the time an operation is to be placed in a virtual channel, then a false dependency may be created to ensure that the coherency mechanism works correctly for either resolution of the ambiguity. The dependency is false if the dependency is created (to resolve the ambiguity) but in reality the dependency does not exist. False dependencies may lead to deadlock in the system even with the use of virtual channels.


A turbine nozzle support assembly includes nozzle segments each having an inner band with an integral retention flange extending radially inwardly therefrom. A plurality of retention tabs extend radially inwardly and are spaced axially aft of the retention flange to define a capture slot therebetween. A nozzle support includes a radially outwardly extending upper flange having a plurality of support pins extending axially, forwardly therefrom and disposed in complementary retention apertures in the retention flanges of the nozzle segments. A retention key is disposed in the capture slot axially between the upper flange and the retention tabs for axially retaining the nozzle segments on the nozzle support.

In a typical gas turbine engine, a stationary turbine nozzle is disposed at the outlet of a combustor for channeling combustion gases therefrom into a high pressure turbine disposed downstream therefrom. Accordingly, the turbine nozzle is subject to the hot combustion gases and therefore includes suitable cooling arrangements using a portion of compressed air bled from the conventional compressor feeding the combustor. In this environment, the turbine nozzle is subject to differential thermal expansion with adjoining components both radially and axially. This can lead to thermal distortion of the turbine nozzle which must be suitably accommodated for reducing undesirable thermally induced stresses therein and for reducing undesirable leakage of the cooling air which would decrease overall efficiency of the engine.
Accordingly, turbine nozzles are typically segmented around the circumference thereof with each nozzle segment having two or more stationary nozzle vanes therein. Suitable seals are provided between the adjacent nozzle segments, with each of the segments typically being supported by a stationary nozzle support for allowing limited movement or floating thereof to accommodate the differential thermal expansion and contraction between adjacent components. When the engine is operated at suitable power settings, the combustion gases exert an axially aft force against the turbine nozzle segments which rigidly holds the nozzle segments against the nozzle support at the radially inner end of the nozzle as well as holds the radially outer end of the nozzle against a conventional shroud hanger disposed downstream therefrom. However, during assembly and at low power settings of the engine, at idle for example, there is little or no gas load to positively locate the nozzle segments against the nozzle support. Accordingly, suitable means must be provided to hold the nozzle segments in place during assembly and to minimize vibration and wear at low power conditions when the combustion gases do not develop sufficient axial force to firmly hold the nozzle segments in position.
In one conventional configuration, the inner band of a nozzle segment is directly bolted to the nozzle support. This arrangement, however, creates bending stresses in the nozzle and support due to differential thermal expansion and contraction, as well as provides a large area of contact between the nozzle and its support through which heat is conducted from the nozzle vanes into the support increasing the temperature thereof and reducing its useful life. Furthermore, holes required for receiving the bolts inherently create stress concentrations and provide potential leakage paths which must be suitably accommodated in a more complex design. And, the nuts and bolts required to assemble this configuration add undesirable weight to the engine and increase assembly and disassembly time. Boltless support configurations are also conventionally known which use retention pins in tongue-and-groove type configurations between the nozzle inner band and the nozzle support for providing a floating assembly thereof for accommodating differential thermal expansion and contraction. However, these configurations require various seals and are relatively complex.


A front pillar substructure that enables reduction in deformation of a front pillar. One embodiment of the present disclosure provides a front pillar substructure including a front pillar, and a rocker being joined to the front pillar. The front pillar includes an inner panel located inside with respect to the rocker, and an outer panel arranged so as to interpose the rocker between the inner panel and the outer panel. The outer panel includes an upper panel, and a lower panel overlapped with and joined to the upper panel, the lower panel extending downward with respect to the upper panel. The upper panel or the lower panel includes a bent section bending in the width direction when viewed from the front-rear direction, the bent section being located inside with respect to a joint region where the upper panel and the lower panel are joined.

The present disclosure relates to a front pillar substructure.
At the time of an offset collision or a small overlap collision where parts of a vehicle front are impacted, an excessive load from a front wheel moving rearward due to the collision is imposed on a front pillar and a rocker forming a body structure of a vehicle compartment. Deformation of the front pillar and the rocker due to the load at such small overlap collisions causes the vehicle compartment to be greatly deformed.
In order to inhibit deformation of a vehicle compartment at the time of a small overlap collision, a structure has been devised to reduce load transmission to a rocker by bending a front pillar at a joint part joined to the rocker (see International Publication No. WO2014/155539).


An amplifier (170) includes first and second depletion mode transistors (161, 162) operating in response to first and second complementary signals (VAMP+, VAMPxe2x88x92), respectively, which route a first current (ISTACK1) from a first supply terminal (171) to an output (169) of the amplifier. Third and fourth depletion mode transistors (163, 164) receive the first and second complementary signals to route a second current (ISTACK2) from a second supply terminal (Ground) to the output. The first and second currents are summed to produce an output signal (VAMP2).

The present invention relates in general to electronic circuits and, more particularly, to amplifying circuits that operate at low supply voltage levels.
As integrated circuits achieve higher levels of integration, there is a corresponding need to operate the circuits at reduced voltage levels in order to maintain power dissipation at manageable levels. For example, it is anticipated that future microprocessors and other digital circuits will need to operate with power supply voltages of 0.5 volts to maintain an acceptable die temperature. Future circuits are expected to operate with even lower supply voltages.
A low supply voltage typically is produced by a voltage regulator implemented as an integrated circuit. The regulator includes an error amplifier to sense the supply voltage and feed back an error signal that adjusts the voltage level to maintain regulation. The error amplifier and its associated circuitry preferably also operate at a low voltage in order to achieve a low power dissipation by the regulator circuit.
Most if not all integrated circuit amplifiers operate only at supply voltages that exceed the conduction threshold of the integrated circuit""s transistors. When the supply voltage drops below the conduction threshold level, the transistors cease to function and gain of the amplifiers drops quickly to zero. In a case where the amplifier is being used in a voltage regulator, the rapid loss of gain can cause the regulator""s output voltage to transition out of its specified range, which can damage both the regulator and the circuits operating from the regulator""s output supply voltage.
Accordingly, there is a need for an amplifier circuit and method of amplifying that maintains functionality at lower supply voltages than what is currently available.

Semiconductor Components Industries, L.L.C.