A cooling system for an engine with a supercharger is designed to reliably prevent seizing of the supercharger during an engine-soaking period. To this end, a cooling system for an engine with a supercharger includes a main cooling system for cooling the engine and a sub-cooling system for cooling the supercharger. The sub-cooling system is positioned alongside the main cooling system. The sub-cooling system includes cooling piping for cooling the supercharger and a tank for temporarily reserving cooling water. The tank is disposed substantially midway along the cooling piping at a location above a position where the supercharger is mounted.

There is an engine of the type having a supercharger provided therein (which supercharger is also referred to as a "turbocharger" or simply called a "turbo"). The supercharger causes exhaust gases from the engine to rotate a turbine. Then, a compressor, which is coaxially aligned with the turbine, supplies intake air under pressure to the engine.
The engine is provided with a main cooling system and a sub-cooling system. The former system cools the engine, while the latter does, e.g., the supercharger. The sub-cooling system is positioned alongside the main cooling system.
One example of a cooling system for the above engine with the supercharger is disclosed in published Japanese Examined Patent Application No. 2-52091. The cooling system for an internal combustion engine with a turbocharger can cool a bearing portion, even after the engine is deactivated. In addition, the cooling system has an increased amount of freedom in positioning of the turbocharger. Further, the cooling system facilitates replenishment of cooling water to an engine cooling system. Moreover, the cooling system is designed to promote the warm-up of the turbocharger, and further to reduce a load on a cooling pump.
Another example is disclosed in published Japanese Examined Patent Application No. 6-3143. A cooling system for an internal combustion engine with a turbocharger includes an engine cooling water-circulating circuit and a turbocharger cooling water-circulating circuit. The former circuit is formed between a water pump for the engine, a water jacket formed in the engine, and a radiator, while the latter circuit is formed between a water jacket for the turbocharger, a water-filling tank, and a water pump. The water jacket for the turbocharger is branched off from the above engine water jacket in communication therewith. The water-filling tank is positioned higher than the turbocharger. The water-filling tank has a water level set higher than a degassing portion of the radiator at an upper portion thereof. The cooling system is characterized by: an air chamber positioned in the water-filling tank at an upper portion thereof, the air chamber being communicated to a distal end of a cooling water outlet pipe, the cooling water outlet pipe being connected to a cooling water outlet of the above turbocharger water jacket, a cooling water return pipe, through which the aforesaid cooling water outlet and the intake side of the water pump are communicated to one another at the bottom of the tank, the cooling water outlet being open below the water level of the tank, a one-way valve designed to open only in an internal tank direction, the one-way valve being provided at an outlet opening of a degassing passage, the outlet opening being open above the water level of the tank, and a degassing pipe connected to a degassing portion of the radiator at the top portion thereof, the degassing pipe being communicated to the degassing passage through the one-way valve. This invention provides smooth movements of steam that are generated in the water jacket for the turbocharger during engine stop, and further permits the generated steam to promote circulation of the cooling water in the turbocharger cooling water-circulating circuit.
A further example is disclosed in published Japanese Examined Model Utility Application No. 8-2434. In a cooling system for a supercharger for use on an internal combustion engine, a housing covering a bearing portion of the supercharger is positioned higher than a liquid level of cooling water in a radiator. The cooling water is introduced into a cooling water passage in the housing, thereby cooling the bearing portion. The cooling system is characterized by: a cooling water supply passage, through which the cooling water passage in the housing is communicated to either the discharge side of a water pump or a cylinder block; a return passage through which the cooling water passage is communicated to either the intake side of the water pump or the radiator; a reservoir tank for use on the supercharger, which tank is communicated to a cooling water passage in the supercharger, the reservoir tank being positioned higher than the housing, the above supercharger reservoir tank and a reservoir tank for use on the radiator being communicated to one another through a cap for use on the supercharger; a valve for releasing pressure in the supercharger reservoir tank to the above radiator reservoir tank when the internal pressure of the supercharger reservoir tank exceeds a predetermined value, the valve being provided on the above supercharger cap; a valve for introducing cooling water into the supercharger reservoir tank from the radiator reservoir tank when the internal pressure of the supercharger reservoir tank falls below the predetermined value, the valve being provided on the supercharger cap. This invention can introduce the cooling water into the housing, thereby providing an improved cooling efficiency, even when the housing for the supercharger is positioned higher than the liquid level of the cooling water in the radiator.
A yet further example is disclosed in published Japanese Unexamined Model Utility Application No. 6-76622. In a cooling system for a supercharger for use on an internal combustion engine as disclosed in this publication, a center housing covering a journal portion of the supercharger is positioned higher than a water level of cooling water in a radiator. Some cooling water circulating in an engine cooling water circulation system is introduced into a cooling water passage in the center housing, thereby cooling the journal portion. The radiator is disposed substantially midway along the engine cooling water circulation system. A reservoir tank communicated to the cooling water passage in the center housing is positioned higher than the center housing. The reservoir tank is communicated to the radiator through a pressurization cap. The reservoir tank is communicated to an inlet port of a water pump in the engine cooling water circulation system. The pressurization cap is provided with a valve that is opened for releasing the inner pressure of the reservoir tank to the radiator when the internal pressure of the reservoir tank is greater than a predetermined pressure. The cooling system is characterized in that the valve of the pressurization cap has a valve opening pressure set to be 0.7 kg/cm2 or less. This invention controls a rise in temperature inside the center housing of the supercharger immediately after the engine is deactivated.
Other cooling systems for an engine having a supercharger incorporated therein are disclosed in published Japanese Unexamined Utility Model Applications 6-37531 and 7-4841.
In conventional cooling systems for an engine with a supercharger, there is one system of the type as illustrated in FIGS. 11 and 12. That is, a single hose 126 connects a thermocase 118 and a supercharger 112 in communication with one another. The thermocase 118 is attached to a cylinder head 106 of an engine 102. Cooling water flows from the thermocase 118 toward the supercharger 112 as shown by the arrows in FIG. 12.
As seen from FIG. 11, the hose 126 is positioned in front of an exhaust manifold 114. This layout has advantages in that the piping can be laid at the shortest distance, and further that there exists no substantial difference in height between the hose 126 and the exhaust manifold 114. However, in this layout, such piping presupposes the absence of any obstacle in front of the exhaust manifold 114.
In fact, an obstacle is usually present in front of the exhaust manifold 114, and the hose 126 cannot be placed in front of the exhaust manifold 114. Therefore, there has been a continuing desire for an improved method.
By way of a countermeasure to obviate the aforesaid inconvenience, a hose 226 (FIGS. 13 and 14) has an intermediate pipe 242 incorporated therein and located substantially midway along the hose 226. The hose 226 intercommunicates a thermocase 218 and a supercharger 212. The thermocase 218 is fitted to a cylinder head 206 of an engine 202.
As illustrated in FIGS. 13 and 14, in this piping structure, the intermediate pipe 242 bypasses an exhaust manifold 214, and is instead laid through an upper portion of the exhaust manifold 214. A bracket supports the intermediate pipe 242 onto the cylinder head cover. Cooling water flows from the thermocase 218 toward the supercharger 212 as shown by the arrows in FIG. 14.
In this case, however, there are differences in height along the piping. As a result, air (steam) is generated in the supercharger 212 at an engine-soaking period, and is then lodged in the intermediate pipe 242.
Such stagnant air (steam) causes airlock in a sub-cooling system for use on a supercharger. The occurrence of the airlock fails to feed sufficient cooling water into the supercharger, with consequential seizure of the supercharger.

Cooling system for engine with supercharger


A network registration method and apparatus, and a mobile terminal are presented. During re-registration with a network, after receiving a channel allocation rejection message sent by the network, a mobile terminal sorts all available frequency channels according to network resource statuses of frequency channels with which network registration failed before and that are in a low priority list. And then the mobile terminal tries to camp on all the available frequency channels according to an order of the sorting to determine a frequency channel to be camped on. The mobile terminal sends a network registration message to register with the frequency channel to be camped on.

Currently, when registering with a network, a mobile terminal needs to go through processes such as scanning frequency channels, decoding a system broadcast message, saving a frequency channel, camping on a cell, and sending a registration message, where the process of sending a registration message further includes a process of requesting a channel and a process of registration authentication. Because a cell has limited network resources, when the cell is overloaded and the network resources are insufficient in a process of registering with a network, the network sends a channel allocation rejection message to the mobile terminal, and does not allocate a network resource to the mobile terminal, so as to reject access from the mobile terminal.
In the prior art, after receiving the channel allocation rejection message sent by the network, the mobile terminal re-initiates a process of registering with the network. For the purpose of accelerating network search, the mobile terminal preferentially scans frequency channels that are successfully decoded before, sorts, according to signal strength, cells of available frequency channels that are obtained by means of scanning, and tries the cells one by one to determine whether one cell can be camped on.
However, in the re-registration process, if signals are strong in the cell with which registration failed before and that has limited network resources, though a frequency channel with abundant network resources exists in the network, the mobile terminal still selects the cell with limited network resources to perform registration, which leads to a failure in registering the mobile terminal with the network.

Network registration method and apparatus, and mobile terminal


A method and apparatus are provided for implementing communications in a communications network. The apparatus for implementing communications includes a system interface to the communications network. A scheduler schedules enqueued cells and enqueued frames to be transmitted. A segmenter segments frames and cells in into cells or frames applied to a media adaptation block for transmission in a selected one of multiple modes.

The present invention relates generally to the data processing field, and more particularly, relates to a method and communications adapter apparatus for implementing communications over a data communications network.
An Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) network described in xe2x80x9cATM: Theory and Applicationxe2x80x9d by David E. McDysan and Darren L. Spohn, McGraw-Hill, 1994 is an internationally agreed upon technique for transmission, multiplexing and switching in a broadband network. ATM networks are designed to support the integration of high quality voice, video, and high speed data traffic. ATM networks use fixed size cells as a unit of transmission. As technology increases, it is expected that the Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) technology and ATM networks will supply much of the need for high speed network interconnection.
In the face of emerging proprietary optical transmission protocols, SONET (Synchronous Optical Network) was provided as an open standard for synchronous data transmission on optical media. The standard was approved in 1988 by the predecessor to today""s International Telecommunication Union, and in 1989 by the American National Standards Institute. SONET is widely deployed in the US. Using time division multiplexing, SONET works by dividing a fiber transmission path into multiple logical channels called tributaries. A tributary""s basic unit of transmission is an STS-1 (synchronous transport signal, level 1) or OC-1 (optical carrier, level 1) signal. STS describes a transmission""s signals while in an electrical state, and OC describes the same traffic after being converted into optical signals. STS-1 and OC-1 both operate at 51.84 Mbps. OC-2 is twice as fast, OC-3 is three times as fast, and so on. SONET is based on direct synchronous multiplexing, where separate signals are multiplexed directly into higher speed signals. For example, an OC-12 circuit might carry traffic from four OC-3 links. SONET line rates are currently operating up to OC-192 (9.953 Gbps). This is considerably faster than ATM""s maximum current rate of 622 Mbps or Ethernet""s current rate of 1 Gbps.
Ethernet is the original and still common name for the communications technique that has been standardized by the IEEE as some of the 802.x standards. 802.3 is the general Ethernet standard and 802.x are the link layer standards covering a variety of speeds.
A Packet over SONET communications interface is described in xe2x80x9cPOS-PHY(trademark) SATURN COMPATIBLE PACKET OVER SONET INTERFACE SPECIFICATION FOR PHYSICAL LAYER DEVICES (Level 2)xe2x80x9d by PMC-Sierra, Inc. Saturn Group, Issue 2, January, 1998. Also, RFC 2171 documents a multiple access protocol for transmission of network-protocol datagrams, encapsulated in High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) over SONET/SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy).
Asynchronous Transfer Mode or ATM is a communication technology whose use is becoming more widespread in some areas while receiving competition from Gigabit Ethernet and Packet Over SONET (POS) in other areas. The system designer and IS administrator is faced with the daunting task of choosing one technology over another, and allocating scarce development resource to optimize in their individual system one or another of these technologies. If there were a way to isolate the differences of these various technologies from the preparation for the use of the technology, the benefits would be widespread.
To this end, a need exists to design and construct communication adapters that provide a simple, efficient, and versatile interface to a system and at the same time be capable of communicating in a variety of modes.
Important objects of the present invention are to provide an improved method and apparatus for implementing communications in a communications network; to provide a method and apparatus for providing a variety of modes for communications and to provide such method and apparatus that overcome disadvantages of prior art arrangements.
In brief, a method and apparatus are provided for implementing communications in a communications network. The apparatus for implementing communications includes a system interface to the communications network. A scheduler schedules enqueued cells and enqueued frames to be transmitted. A segmenter segments frames into cells or frames applied to a media adaptation block for transmission in a selected one of multiple modes.

Communications adapter for implementing communications in a network and providing multiple modes of communications

International Business Machines Corporation


A brake system is disclosed. The brake system includes a front brake, a rear brake, a right brake lever for operating the front brake, and a left brake lever for operating the rear brake. The brake system also includes a brake pedal for operating the front brake and rear brake such that the front brake and rear brake work in an interlocked manner.

1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to straddle type vehicle brake systems.
2. Description of the Background Art
Brake systems that can be used in a motorcycle, a type of a straddle type vehicle, are known, as disclosed in JP Hei9(1997)-58434 A. The brake system disclosed in this document includes a front brake operating lever and a rear brake operating lever. The rear brake operating lever is configured to cause the front and rear brakes to work in an interlocked manner.
More specifically, the rear brake operating lever is coupled with an equalizer, which is connected with a rear brake cable connected with a rear brake and an interlocking cable connected with the front brake operating lever. The equalizer is configured to divide the force received by the rear brake operating lever among the rear brake cable and the interlocking cable.
The interlocking cable is connected with the front brake operating lever to operate the same. Thus, the operating force transferred to the interlocking cable via the equalizer operates the front brake operating lever to actuate the front brake.
A property setting spring is provided on the interlocking cable for biasing the interlocking cable in the direction opposite that of the force applied to the front brake operating lever by the interlocking cable. Thus, if the operating force generated as the rear brake operating lever is operated is smaller than the biasing force of the property setting spring, the operating force is transferred to the rear brake cable via the equalizer. Thus, in this case, only the rear brake is actuated. On the other hand, if the operating force generated as the rear brake operating lever is operated is equal to or larger than the biasing force of the property setting spring, the operating force is transferred to the interlocking cable and then the front brake operating lever via the equalizer. Thus, in this case, not only the rear brake, but also the front brake is actuated.

Straddle type vehicle brake system and straddle type vehicle


Framed event access in an ordered event stream (OES) storage system is disclosed. Events can be written to one or more segments of an OES and can have an inherent write sequence. Segments can be parallel segments. Reading events from parallel segments can result in a read sequence that does not match the write sequence. This mismatch can be more severe as segment length increases, as event density disparities increase, as access times diverge for different segments, or for numerous other reasons. Event framing can compartmentalize divergence between the write and read sequence. In an aspect, readers in the several segments of the OES can be constrained to read within a frame defined by frame boundaries until all readers have reached the frame boundary, then can advance to a next frame. The restriction can act as a pseudo-synchronization of readers that can mitigate difference between write and read sequences.

Conventional data storage techniques can employ an event stream, e.g., storing data corresponding to stream events in a logical order. In a conventional system, an event stream can provide for storing a generally unbounded stream of events whereby a portion of the stored events can then be read out in the order they were stored. One use of data storage is in bulk data storage. Access to stored events according to an order is desirable. Framed event access can provide ordering of event access contemporaneously via one or more segments of an event stream storage system.

Framed event access in an ordered event stream storage system


A piston for an internal combustion engine comprises a sealed cooling gallery extending circumferentially around a center axis beneath a bowl rim of an upper crown. A metal-containing composition having a high thermal conductivity fills a portion of the sealed cooling gallery to dissipate heat. The metal-containing composition includes a base material having a melting temperature less than 181° C. and a plurality of metal particles having a thermal conductivity greater than the thermal conductivity of the base material. For example, the metal-containing composition can comprise copper particles dispersed in silicone oil, or copper particles dispersed in a mixture of alkali metals. During high temperature operation, as the piston reciprocates in the cylinder bore, the base material is liquid and flows throughout the cooling gallery to dissipate heat away from the upper and lower crowns.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to pistons for internal combustion engines, and methods for manufacturing the same.
2. Related Art
Pistons used in internal combustion engines, such as heavy duty diesel pistons, are exposed to extremely high temperatures during operation, especially along the upper crown of the piston. Therefore, to moderate temperatures, the pistons are typically designed with a cooling gallery beneath the upper crown, and cooling oil is sprayed into the cooling gallery as the piston reciprocates along a cylinder bore of the engine. The oil flows along the inner surface of the upper crown and dissipates heat away from the upper crown. However, to control the piston temperature during operation, a high flow of oil must be maintained constantly. In addition, the oil degrades over time due to the high temperatures of the internal combustion engine, and the oil must be changed periodically to maintain engine life.

Piston with a cooling gallery partially filled with a thermally conductive metal-containing composition


This application provides an ultrasonic fingerprint recognition module including: a base substrate; at least one ultrasonic wave signal receiver and at least one ultrasonic wave signal transmitter on the base substrate, which are on a same side of the base substrate and spaced apart from each other in a first direction parallel to the base substrate; a piezoelectric sensing layer on a side of the at least one ultrasonic wave signal transmitter and the at least one ultrasonic wave signal receiver distal to the base substrate; and an electrode layer on a side of the piezoelectric sensing layer distal to the base substrate.

Compared with capacitive touch screen-based fingerprint technology, ultrasonic fingerprint technology has many unique advantages, such as the ability of passing through a smartphone case made of glass or plastic to perform scanning which is not affected by contaminant such as sweat, hand cream or condensation that may be present on fingers. Thus, a more stable and accurate fingerprint recognition method is provided by the ultrasonic fingerprint technology.

Ultrasonic fingerprint recognition module, fabricating method thereof, and display device

CHENGDU BOE OPTOELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.


The document discloses transferrable hyperbolic metamaterial particles (THMMP) that display broadband, selective, omnidirectional absorption and can be transferred to secondary substrates, allowing enhanced flexibility and selective transmission. A device having metamaterial nanostructures includes a substrate and metamaterial nanostructures engaged to the substrate to form an optical layer to interact with light incident to the optical layer to exhibit optical reflection or absorption or transmission that is substantially uniform over a spectral range of different optical wavelengths associated with materials and structural features of the metamaterial nanostructures, each metamaterial nanostructure including different material layers that are interleaved to form a multi-layer nanostructure.

Various natural or man-made materials exhibit material properties based on their material compositions. With advancement in material engineering, various artificially engineered structures based on combinations of different materials and structures have been or are being developed as "metamaterials" that exhibit new and useful material properties or behaviors. Notably, various metamaterials may be designed to exhibit unique properties, which are not attainable with naturally occurring materials and arise from their specially designed "meta-atom" structure rather than their chemical compositions. For example, some metamaterials have been shown to have a negative permittivity ε, a negative permeability μ, or a negative refractive index n (i.e., negative ε and μsimultaneously) at the desired electromagnetic wave spectral ranges.

The Regents of the University of California


The invention relates to a method for producing a conversion element for an optoelectronic component comprising the steps of: A) Producing a first layer, for that purpose: A1) Providing a polysiloxane precursor material, which is liquid, A2) Mixing a phosphor to the polysiloxane precursor material, wherein the phosphor is suitable for conversion of radiation, A3) Curing the arrangement produced under step A2) to produce a first layer having a phosphor mixed in a cured polysiloxane material, which comprises a three-dimensional crosslinking network based primarily on T-units, where the ratio of T-units to all units is greater than 80%, B) Producing a phosphor-free second layer, for that purpose: B1) Providing the polysiloxane precursor material, which is liquid, B2) Mixing a filler to the polysiloxane precursor material, wherein the filler is in a cured and powdered form, wherein the filler has a refractive index, which is equal to the refractive index of the cured polysiloxane material, B3) Curing the arrangement produced under step B2) to produce a second layer having a filler mixed in the cured polysiloxane material, which comprises a three-dimensional crosslinking network based primarily on T-units, wherein the produced conversion element is formed as a plate having a thickness of at least 100 μm.

The invention relates to methods for producing a conversion element for an optoelectronic component. The invention further relates to an optoelectronic component, in particular a light-emitting diode.
There is a need in the industry for optoelectronic components for a down-conversion material that, when combined with the blue light-emitting chip, generates a warm white spectrum with good color rendering. This generally implies that at least two phosphor compositions are required, for example a green garnet-type phosphor and a red nitride-type phosphor. Additionally, this down-conversion material must simultaneously tolerate both high blue light fluxes and high temperatures over long periods of time. The standard ways of making down-conversion materials all have drawbacks when a warm white, high CRI solution is needed. For example, the familiar phosphor and silicone down-converters, which are found in many products today, are not sufficient because the silicone materials degrade rapidly at high light flux and temperatures. Single crystal and ceramic down-conversion materials can tolerate high light flux and temperatures because they have relatively high thermal stability and thermal conductivities, but they are generally limited to one phosphor composition, which means that they cannot produce the required warm white spectrum. The phosphor-in-glass and phosphor-on-glass down-conversion approaches are suitable for accommodating multiple phosphor compositions but only if the processing temperature is kept below about 350° C. or the red nitride phosphors start to degrade. The phosphor-in-glass and phosphor-on-glass down-converters have better thermal stability than the phosphor and silicone down-converters but their thermal conductivities are inferior to the ceramic or single crystal alternatives. The downside of the phosphor-in-glass or phosphor-on-glass approach is that the most stable glasses require processing temperatures above 350° C. There is still a need for a material that can accommodate more than one phosphor composition, is stable at high temperatures and high light flux and can be processed safely at under 350° C.
On surface-emitting, or thin-film type, optoelectronic components, like LEDs, the top surface of the LED chips is where the major share of light is emitted. For such LEDs it is common to place the down-converting element as close to the top surface as possible. One of the main reasons for this is thermal management. Stokes heat generated in the down-conversion process can be effectively removed through the LED device. Most thin-film type LEDs require at least one wire bond near the top surface in order to supply electricity. These wire bonds protrude above the top of the chip. The distance above the chip surface depends on the design of a given product but is typically in the order of about 125 μm. These wire bonds are fragile and cannot be exposed so that they are typically encapsulated in a protective material. For high-luminescence applications it is an often used practice to glue a down-converter directly on the chip surface. Then, to reduce emission from the sides of the down-converter, the sides of the converters are covered by a highly reflective material. The most common reflective material is titanium dioxide powder dispersed in a silicone. Not only does the titania-in-silicone prevent side emission, it also provides protection for the bond wires. This places a limitation on the thickness of the down-converter. It should be at least as tall as the distance by which the bond wire protrudes above the chip so that the side casting process completely covers the wire bond but does not block the forward light path.
Therefore, for uses in an LED package, the down-converter needs to be about 125 μm thick or even thicker. This thickness limitation is not ideal from a thermal management point of view. It is better if a conversion element is located in a more concentrated area near the chip. In this way, the Stokes heat can be removed from the phosphor through the LED chip. Therefore, there is a need for a conversion element that has the conversion material concentrated in a small volume with a thickness of less than 150 μm. The remainder of the 150 μm thickness can come as an additional layer or additional layers that do not contain down-conversion material.

Methods for producing a conversion element and an optoelectronic component


An electric control valve for a coolant compressor comprises a valve housing, an electric actuating drive, a valve body displaceable by the electric actuating drive between a first position and a second position inside the valve housing, a position sensor determining a position of the valve body, a suction-pressure sensor, and a control system. The control system is adapted to control a coolant flow from a high-pressure region into a crankcase-chamber-pressure region of the coolant compressor by controlling the position of the valve body via the electric actuating drive based on the suction pressure received from the suction-pressure sensor. The control system moves the valve body to the first position to connect the high-pressure region and the crankcase-chamber-pressure region if the suction pressure is below a predetermined threshold.

A known electric control valve for a coolant compressor in a motor vehicle, for example as disclosed in DE 10 2011 117 354 A1, controls the coolant flow from a high-pressure region into a crankcase-chamber-pressure region of the coolant compressor. In a crankcase of a coolant compressor, a plurality of pistons are arranged so as to pump coolant into a high-pressure chamber. The movement of the pistons is guided by a rotating wobble plate.
If the wobble plate, which rotates by a belt drive, has a tilt angle other than zero, this leads to an axial stroke movement of the pistons during a rotation of the wobble plate. Coolant is thus sucked up from the suction chamber of the coolant compressor and pumped into the pressure chamber. The suction chamber is connected to the connector of the coolant compressor that is on the suction pressure side, and this connector is in turn connected, when mounted in the motor vehicle, to the suction-pressure region of the air-conditioning system; in particular to the output of the evaporator. The pressure chamber is connected to the output of the coolant compressor that is on the high pressure side, and this output is in turn connected to the input of the evaporator by way of the high-pressure region of the air-conditioning system, in particular via a heat exchanger (condenser) and an expansion valve. To adjust the delivery volume and control the coolant flow, it is known to vary the tilt angle of the wobble plate in the coolant compressor. If, for example, the coolant compressor is pre-set for a maximum delivery volume, pivoting the wobble plate back brings about a decrease in the axial stroke movement of the pistons of the coolant compressor and thus a reduction in the delivery volume of coolant.
It is further known to undertake this type of control of the coolant flow using a control valve. In this case, the coolant flow between the high-pressure region and the crankcase-chamber-pressure region is controlled by way of the control valve. The control valve has three connectors in the valve housing which are connected respectively to the high-pressure region, the suction-pressure region, and the crankcase-chamber-pressure region of the coolant compressor. The control valve controls the coolant flow between the high-pressure region and the crankcase-chamber-pressure region.
If, for example, in one position the control valve opens the connection between the high-pressure region and the crankcase-chamber-pressure region of the coolant compressor, coolant flows through the control valve from the high-pressure region into the crankcase-chamber-pressure region; this results in a rise in pressure in the crankcase-chamber-pressure region. If in a further position the control valve closes the connection between the high-pressure region and the crankcase-chamber-pressure region of the coolant compressor, coolant flows through the permanently open passage provided in the coolant compressor from the crankcase-chamber-pressure region into the suction-pressure region; this results in a fall in pressure in the crankcase-chamber-pressure region. As a result of the rise in pressure brought about by the control valve in the crankcase-chamber-pressure region, the wobble plate is caused to pivot back. This decreases the axial stroke movement of the pistons of the coolant compressor and the delivery volume of the coolant compressor is reduced. As a result, the pressure in the high-pressure region of the air-conditioning system does not increase any further.
As a result of the fall in pressure brought about by the control valve in the crankcase-chamber-pressure region, the wobble plate is caused to pivot out (in other words to tilt). This increases the axial stroke movement of the pistons of the coolant compressor and the delivery volume of the coolant compressor is increased. As a result, the pressure in the high-pressure region of the air-conditioning system increases further. Usually, the wobble plate is held in a tilted initial position by spring tension, in such a way that, in the event of a subsequent fall in pressure in the crankcase-chamber-pressure region, the wobble plate pivots back into the initial position and ensures an initial setting for the delivery volume in the coolant compressor.
Conventionally, a protection mechanism is integrated into a coolant compressor and prevents the coolant evaporator from icing up, which would reduce or prevent the airflow into the passenger compartment. The coolant evaporator starts to ice up as soon as the suction pressure falls below a particular pressure. An example implementation of a protection mechanism of this type includes a bellows, made of metal, integrated into the control valve, and arranged in the control valve in such a way that it can throttle the coolant compressor down. For this purpose, the bellows is filled with a gas mixture at a particular pressure.
If the pressure prevailing in the suction-pressure region of the control valve falls substantially below the fill pressure of the bellows, the volume of the gas mixture in the bellows increases in relative terms. As a result of the construction, the bellows then unfolds in a concertina shape and accordingly becomes longer. Conversely, if the pressure prevailing in the suction-pressure region of the control valve substantially exceeds the fill pressure of the bellows, the volume of the gas mixture in the bellows decreases in relative terms. As a result of the construction, the bellows then folds up in a concertina shape and accordingly becomes shorter.
This mode of operation of the bellows is exploited by the safety mechanism for the control valve in that the bellows cooperates with the valve body in such a way that, if there is a fall below a critical pressure in the suction-pressure region, it mechanically transfers the valve body into the position in which the coolant compressor is throttled down. During the construction of a control valve, the fill pressure and the type of gas mixture in the bellows are specifically selected in such a way that, if there is a fall below a minimum pressure in the suction-pressure region of the control valve, the bellows moves the valve body into the position in which the high-pressure region is connected to the crankcase-chamber-pressure region.
The rise in pressure in the crankcase-chamber-pressure region, brought about by the bellows, causes the wobble plate to pivot back. As a result, the axial stroke movement of the pistons of the coolant compressor and the delivery volume of the coolant compressor are reduced and the coolant compressor is throttled down. As a result, the pressure in the suction region of the coolant compressor does not fall below the limit value and the coolant evaporator is prevented from icing up.
A bellows of this type, however, is a mechanically operating component which has a slow response time as a result of the construction and also deteriorates with age. Thus, for example, frequent unfolding in a concertina shape and subsequent folding up of the bellows results in material fatigue therein. Further, under some circumstances, it cannot be ensured that the bellows filled with a gas mixture will remain tight throughout its service life.

Electric control valve for a coolant compressor


Noise abatement within a signal stream containing unwanted signal referred to as noise is performed by acquiring a digitized noise signal and using a digital processor circuit to subdivide the acquired noise signal into different frequency band segments and thereby generate a plurality of segmented noise signals. Then individually for each segmented noise signal, the processor shifts in time the segmented noise signal by an amount dependent on a selected frequency of the segmented noise signal to produce a plurality of shifted segmented noise signals. The precise time shift applied to each noise segment considers the frequency content of the segment and the system processing time. Individually for each segmented noise signal, amplitude scaling is applied. The shifted and amplitude-scaled segmented noise signals are then combined to form a composite anti-noise signal which is output into the signal stream to abate the noise through destructive interference.

Scientists and engineers have been working on the problem of electronic, automatic noise cancelling (ANC) for decades. The basic physics of wave propagation suggests it is possible to create an "anti-noise" wave that is 180 degrees out of phase with the noise signal, and cancel the noise completely through destructive interference. This works reasonably well for simple, repetitive, low-frequency sounds. However, it does not work well for dynamic, rapidly changing sounds, or those containing higher frequencies.
The best current systems (using a hybrid design combining feed forward and feedback), can reduce repetitive noise (like an engine or fan) at frequencies up to 2 kHz using variants of LMS (Least Mean Square) Adaptive Filtering to create the anti-noise signal by repetitively estimating the transfer function that will create the least noise practical at the output. Although companies continue to invest in improving ANC results, their activity appears to be focused on improving upon these existing techniques Moreover, despite having greater processing power available, it appears that ANC using various adaptive filters has an upper frequency limit somewhere below 4 kHz and the ability to attenuate signals by between 10 dB and 30 dB.

Noise cancellation using segmented, frequency-dependent phase cancellation


A shoring device is disclosed comprising a piston and a cylinder. The piston is axially expanded by compressed gas, whereby the shoring device engages two opposing surfaces. Removable swivel sideplates comprise détente sphere attachments by which the sideplates reversibly attach to the piston and cylinder. These attached removable swivel sideplates contain set screws which engage the sides of trenches and excavations which are lined with timbers or other materials.

My invention relates to a shoring device comprising a piston, cylinder and removable swivel side plates combined with either an (i) inner ratcheting ring or (ii) pin and collar ring. More particularly, this invention relates to a shoring device with two removable side plates which attach to a cylinder and/or piston with a détente sphere attachment. Each détente sphere inserts within a corresponding aperture of a piston or cylinder. These removable swivel side plates with détente sphere attachments insure reliable attachment to the cylinder and piston without the expense, extra weight and handling of détente pins or other attaching and connecting devices.
In experimental trials, my pneumatic shoring device withstood pneumatic pressures within the cylinder of at least 300 psi (pounds per square inch) for a minimum of fifteen seconds. My new device is intended for, but not exclusively, public works and construction, rescue and other projects in which shoring is necessary.
As workers shore trenches, they must quickly install shoring to prevent collapse of the trench walls. If shoring is not installed, soil cohesion is lost and it becomes almost impossible to maintain a safe trench. The prior art as best depicted in expired U.S. Pat. No. 3,851,856(Berg) provided a shoring device with an inlet connecting to a pressure source for expanding the device tightly against trench walls. There is also a rotational outer ratcheting ring mounted on one cylinder end, which receives the piston. This rotational outer ratcheting ring extends axially from the cylinder and surrounds a proximal piston end.
Still referring to the Berg device, the rotational member is prevented from rotation in part by a cam-like ridge along the proximal member edge. Subsequent to cylinder pressurization the piston remains extended by securing the cam-like ridge on the rotational member with an abutting cam pin. However the only structure in Berg's device which prevents the piston from random axial movement projectile is a small diameter pin. This small diameter pin penetrates the rotational member and abuts the cylinder, after the abutting cam pin is already in place. The small diameter pin end abuts the cylinder, and can be further tightened against the cylinder by a t-bolt.
Berg does not disclose removable swivel side plates which (i) attach to the piston or cylinder with a spring biased détente sphere; and which (ii) reversibly protrude within corresponding cylinder or piston apertures. In contrast, my new shoring device comprises removable swivel side plates, each with a single, or two opposing détente sphere attachments. In one prototype an inner ratcheting ring preferably attaches to the cylinder with allen screws (threaded with hexagonal head depressions), as well as by a circular metal lip which engages one cylinder end. The inner ratcheting ring reduces the likelihood that the piston becomes a projectile. This safety feature occurs because the piston abuts the inner lip, and so the piston cannot move laterally. This outer ratcheting collar is described in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 6,746,183 B1.
The outer removable ratcheting collar encloses the inner ratcheting ring and interlocks with inner ratcheting ring serrations. Outer ratcheting collar preferably comprises one rectangular protrusion which interlocks with the inner serrated ring. This interlocking prevents counter-clockwise rotation of the outer ratcheting collar, thereby preventing collapse of the piston upon the ground or floor.
With respect to the pin and collar shoring device, described previously in application Ser. No. 10/826,093, a continuous circular indentation prevents the flat threaded pin furthermost point from skidding along the cylinder surface. The cylinder is not weakened by repeated contract, because the outer cam collar provides the direct contact surface. My outer cam collar is more economical to replace, and protects the cylinder from wear and tear from the threaded pin.
In addition, my inner pin and collar shoring device comprises a continuous circular lip which abuts the piston and prevents it from falling from the cylinder or becoming a projectile during operation. My new inner ring engages one cylinder end, thereby reducing the possibility that the piston will fall from the cylinder during operation. This metal lip abuts the piston to prevent piston lateral movement, which is an important safety advantage which over Berg's device.
The modified pin collar shoring device also comprises the same removable swivel side plates with détente sphere attachments which (i) contain small spring biased détente spheres, and (ii) reversibly attach each removable swivel side plate without additional cumbersome détente pins or other attaching devices. With the pin and collar model, the outer cam collar encloses the inner ring and comprises the threaded pin which tightly abuts the circular continuous indentation. The cam edges, together with a straight metal cam pin, prevent counter-clockwise rotation of the outer cam collar. This improved pin and collar shoring device is engineered to assist underground workers in compliance with the OSHA regulation governing excavations, i.e., 29 C.F.R. 1926.650. In sum, this new shoring device, in either prototypes and with either a single or an opposing pair of détente sphere attachments, solves a problem in the art which Berg does not resolve.
Shoring is the placement of cross bracing and other components within a trench to support trench walls. There are two important theories of shoring: first is the theory of "zero-movement", in which shoring is designed to prevent wall movement. Shoring is not sufficiently strong to retain a moving wall of soil: it merely prevents a soil wall from initially moving. The second theory of shoring is designated the "Arch Effect." Shoring is effective because it creates forces as it pushes again trench walls. The network of cross braces and uprights or wale-plates creates an arch effect which retains soil. The shoring and cross bracing actually retains soil, and not the plywood or sheeting.
An operator applies plywood or sheeting to prevent surface soil from falling and injuring a worker. To achieve "zero movement" and the "arch effect," all gaps and voids must be filled where the cross brace bears on the trench wall. Other than the mandatory inspection for damage before each use and an occasional cleaning, there are no maintenance requirements.
My preferred pneumatic shoring devices (comprising either a pin collar or outer ratcheting collar) with détente sphere attachments, also comprises a contiguous pressurized gas channel through the cylinder to the piston. In the best mode, this contiguous pressurized gas channel includes a circular channel segment along the lower floor surface of a cylinder rubber end cup.

Shoring device with removable swivel side plates containing detente sphere attachments


A split-tip catheter and methods for deploying a split-tip catheter in a right atrium are provided. The catheter is configured with a distal portion including a first and a second distal end regions elastically divergable from alignment along a splitting plane to regain a relaxed configuration. The first distal end region terminates in a first tip having a first forward opening, and the second distal end region terminates in a second tip having a second forward opening. Catheter deployment may include directing the first forward opening generally towards an anterior right atrium wall portion and applying the first forward opening to withdraw blood from the right atrium.

The present invention, in some embodiments thereof, relates to medical catheter apparatus and in particular to dialysis catheters having dual or split tip.
Split-tip dialysis catheters are mostly used in current days for chronic use of exchanging blood to and from the patient and the hemodialysis machine. During an exemplary hemodialysis procedure, a multiple lumen catheter is inserted into a body and blood is withdrawn through an arterial lumen of the catheter. This blood is supplied to a hemodialysis machine which dialyzes, or cleans, the blood to remove waste and excess water. The dialyzed blood is returned to the patient through a venous lumen of the catheter. Flow in the catheter may need to be reversed from time to time so that blood will flow in opposite direction in both arterial lumen and venous lumen to as mentioned above.
Some complications may occur in split tip catheters. At first, recirculation of blood flow is a known phenomenon in which the dialyzed blood exiting a catheter's lumen is directly returned to the other lumen without efficiently affecting surroundings. Another complication of hemodialysis catheters is flow occlusion. Flow occlusion is primarily caused by blockage of the arterial lumen. Common causes of occlusion are fibrin sheath formation, thrombus formation and positional occlusion. With positional occlusion of the catheter, there can be difficulty in removing blood from the patient. For example, a tip of the catheter has, to some extent, freedom of movement inside the patient, and this can cause occlusion, as a tip of the catheter or a side hole may be sucked against a blood vessel or heart wall.
In addition, split or dual tip dialysis catheters pose a unique feature in their current design, which makes them more prone to clotting complications. The area immediately below the separation zone of the two lumens (i.e., immediately distal to the junction) is a source of problem. With current known designs, in which the two lumens are separated directly away from each other, there is a dead space with slow and turbulent flow which makes this area very likely to form a clot. Those blood clots are a major complication of split tip dialysis catheters and are associated with increased morbidity.
The following Patent documents are believed to represent the current state of the art: U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,800,414; 5,947,953; 7,108,674; 7,182,746; 7,776,005; 8,066,660; and 8,092,415.

Deploying split-tip hemodialysis catheter in a right atrium


A window for insertion into an opening in a wall comprising a first frame which is adapted to abut against the outer face of the wall, a frame member provided with a rebate for a window pane and a second frame with a flange adapted to abut against the inner face of the wall. The frame member is integral with the first frame and adapted to cover the core of the wall, and includes a plurality of pairs of ribs. The ribs of each pair are connected by a strip to form an elongated opening therebetween. The second frame includes a toothed connection device consisting of tongues provided with a toothing and arranged in the longitudinal direction of the frame, the insertion of the window comprising clipping together the two frames from each side of the wall. In order to make it possible to manufacture the window frames as single pieces by injection molding, and at the same time to obtain a strong resistance to burglary, the tongues are divided into a number of spaced tongues on the second frame, the connection device on the first frame comprising correspondingly spaced openings, and the toothing is arranged on the narrow sides of the tongues to cooperate with a toothing arranged on ribs on the frame member running transverse to the frame member.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a window for insertion into walls of various thicknesses and including connection means which cannot be easily detected from the outside, providing good resistance to burglary.
2. Description of the Related Art
Extruded windows are known, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,407,100. The frames are constructed from extruded profile sections being cut at the ends at an angle of 45.degree., before being assembled by gluing, to form closed frames of the desired size. By assembling the window frames at the corners, it is possible to produce window frames of any size. However, the cutting and assembly add to the number of time consuming steps needed in production, and the assembly must be made carefully in order to avoid weakness in the frame. The design of the profiles of these known windows comprises various hollow spaces and cannot be manufactured by methods other than extrusion molding from plastic and aluminum. The windows made from extruded profiles, however, may be made with a good resistance against burglary, owing to the hidden design of the connection means.
French Patent No. 2,154,931 discloses a window including burglary resistant means. The toothed connection means comprises hooks gripping into openings in the frame member of the first frame. On each of the sides of the window a few hooks and corresponding openings are used for holding together the two frames after insertion. A disadvantage of this known window type is that the placement of the hooks is easily detectable from the outside and can be overcome by a burglar, whereby the window is not effectively secured against burglary. Furthermore, there is only one position in which the hooks are locked, whereby the window is intolerant to variations in the thickness of the wall in which it is to be inserted.


In an embedded business apparatus, a Web server function receives a network protocol request including an IP address by a network protocol daemon and a port number, processes the request, and responds to the request by sending a network protocol response. The request includes an obtained request of port information including a port number specifying the port, and the Web server function includes the response including the port information obtained by processing the obtained request and including Web information making it possible for a user to input a change instruction for changing the port information.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to embedded business apparatuses including a Web server function, and more particularly to an embedded business apparatus including a Web server function in that a port to use can be registered by using a port identification uniquely identifying a port corresponding to a network protocol and in that a Web application can change a port number independently of the port number.
2. Description of the Related Art
Recently, an image forming apparatus such as a facsimile, a copier, a printer, or a like provides information or conducts a process through a network.
For example, Japanese Laid-open Patent Application No. 10-173890 discloses that a user can send an HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) request from a Web browser of a terminal and can operate a facsimile transmission function with respect to the image forming apparatus including a facsimile function through the network.
Moreover, Japanese Laid-open Patent Application No. 2002-236627 discloses that regarding security for a computer connecting to the network, in a case of connecting the computer having a firewall to the network due to a data transmission, a service port number of a server application can be dynamically changed before conducting a socket process. As a mechanism for dynamically changing a port number, it is offered to determine a service port number by changing for each communication by using a random number that is unique along a time series. In this mechanism, a client terminal connecting to such computer determines the service port number. Thus, the client can communicate with the computer by using the same service port number as the service port number determined by the computer.
Currently, in a field of the business apparatus such as the image forming apparatus, since a Web server function is implemented for the business apparatus, the user can refer to or set a status of the business apparatus by using the Web browser of the terminal of the user not only inside an office but also outside the office, through the Internet.
As a protocol in a case of accessing the business apparatus though the Internet, an HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) is generally used. A port number to use for an HTTP communication is "80" which is well-known as a regular port number to use for the HTTP communication.
However, since the port number "80" as a regular use is widely well-known, the port number "80" can be a target for an ill-disposed third party to attack. Thus, as a purpose to improve security, it is needed to change a port number used in the HTTP communication.
However, if the Web browser does not indicate a port number of the Web server to connect in the HTTP communication, automatically "80" is used for the port number for the HTTP communication. Thus, if a port number different from "80" is used, the user is required to manually indicate a specific port number. Accordingly, it is needed to have all users know a new port number when the Web server changes the port number to use for the HTTP communication other than "80".
In a general Web server providing contents for any user through the Internet, it is practically impossible to have all users know the change of the port number.
On the other hand, in a case of a general business apparatus which is assumed to be used by only the specific small number of users within an office or through the Internet, it may be considered that it is possible to have all these specific users know the change of the port number.
However, in a conventional business apparatus, since a protocol daemon (httpd) encompasses the port number for use in-house only, it is not possible to easily change contents concerning the port number.
Moreover, in the future, considering the security, in order to prevent the Web application from an attack coming from an unexpected port, a port is registered to the Web server for each Web application in the Web server of the business apparatus. In a method for registering a port number directly to the Web server, it is difficult to promptly associate with a change of the port number.

Embedded business apparatus including web server function


A card edge connector includes an insulative housing defining a central slot expanding along a transverse direction with a plurality of contacts disposed therein, and a pair of side arms disposed at opposite ends thereof. A pair of card ejecting devices are assembled on the side arms, each comprising an ejecting member attached to the side arm and an operation member which can rotate in a plane perpendicular to the card edge connector. The ejecting member comprises a block portion projecting into the central slot and moving along a front-to-rear direction perpendicular to the transverse direction by the urging of the operation member.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a card edge connector, and more particularly to a card edge connector with a rotatable card ejecting device for ejecting a memory module received in the card edge connector.
2. Description of the Related Art
U.S. Pat. No. 7,264,491 issued to McBroom et al. on Sep. 4, 2007 discloses a card edge connector for receiving a memory module therein. The card edge connector comprises an elongated insulative housing, a plurality of contacts mounted in the insulative housing and a card ejecting device. The insulative housing defines a central slot expanding along a transverse direction and a pair of side arms disposed at opposite ends thereof. The card ejecting device is assembled on the side arms and rotated about the side arms in the transverse direction when the memory module needs to be released from the central slot, therefore the card ejecting device may take up a large space at opposite ends of the insulative housing. Obviously, an improved card edge connector is highly desired to overcome the aforementioned problem.

Card edge connector assembly with rotatable card ejecting device


Coherent beam combining of laser gain elements achieves high output power in a diffraction limited beam. An active beam combining system coherently combines optical beams emitted by semiconductor laser gain elements in an external resonant cavity configuration. A beam combiner in the resonant cavity combines the outputs of the laser gain elements into a single coherent output beam whose power is monitored by a photodetector. A processor uses the photodetector's output to adjust the phases of the respective optical beams emitted by the laser gain elements so as to increase or maximize the coherent output beam's power. The processor may vary the optical beams' phases according to a stochastic parallel gradient descent (SPGD) algorithm for active phase control. Experimental results show a beam combining efficiency of 81% with an upper limit of 90% or higher and without the scaling limits imposed on passive-phasing systems.

Individual laser emitters are typically limited in output power due to thermal effects which degrade the laser efficiency, distort the wavefront, and limit the beam quality. Limits on individual emitter performance can be mitigated at least in part by coherently combining several of the outputs from many emitters to form a single high-power beam. This conventional technique, which is known as coherent beam combining (CBC), is an attractive way to achieve high output power in a single diffraction-limited beam.
There are two types of conventional CBC: (1) tiled aperture CBC and (2) filled aperture CBC. In a tiled aperture configuration, also known as a side-by-side configuration, mutually coherent beams from multiple emitters propagate parallel to each other to form a single beam with a small divergence angle and a large area. In practice, however, there are often gaps between adjacent beams-in the other words, this configuration suffers from a low fill factor. Unfortunately, these gaps yield undesired sidelobes in the far field.
In a filled aperture configuration, a grating or coupler combines beams from multiple emitters to form a single output beam. When combining N beams, the coupler acts as an N-port beamsplitter: if the input beams are mutually coherent, then constructive interference yields the coherent output beam at one port, and destructive interference yields little to no output power at the other ports. The degree of mutual coherence limits the amount of power that can be coupled into the coherent output beam.
The emitters in a filled aperture configuration may be mutually cohered using passive feedback from a resonant cavity. Each element emits light at a finite number of discrete longitudinal modes, and only some of these lines resonate within the cavity, which also supports a finite number of discrete modes. Ideally, the cavity and the emitters support only one common mode; the other emitter modes do not resonate within the cavity. As a result, the output power of the emitters is coherently coupled into the common mode to produce a high-power output beam. Because each of these transverse modes has a finite bandwidth and associated optical path length, however, the likelihood of supporting only one common mode goes down as the number of emitters goes up. This imposes a practical limit on the number of output beams that can be coherently combined using passive feedback in a resonant cavity. In some examples, the limit is only seven or eight output beams, which curtails the maximum possible power of the coherently combined beams. For more information on this limit, see Dmitrii Kouznetsov et al., "Limits of Coherent Addition of Lasers: Simple Estimate," Optical Review, Vol. 12, No. 6 (2005) 445-447, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

Methods, systems, and apparatus for coherent beam combining


A carotenoid producing bacterium belonging to the genus Paracoccus that selectively produces canthaxanthin so that the amount thereof is not less than 90 percent by weight of the total amount of produced carotenoids including β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, echinenone, canthaxanthin, 3-hydroxyechinenone, 3′-hydroxyechinenone, zeaxanthin, phoenicoxanthin, adonixanthin, and astaxanthin. A method for producing canthaxanthin by culturing the above bacterium, and then collecting carotenoids from bacterial cells or a culture solution after the culturing.

Carotenoids, such as astaxanthin, zeaxanthin, phoenicoxanthin, canthaxanthin, adonixanthin, and β-carotene, have been used as a naturally occurring pigment which is added to food, medicine, quasi-drugs, cosmetics and the like. In addition, because of their antioxidant properties, the carotenoids have also been widely used as an antioxidant substance. The carotenoids described above are widely distributed in plants, animals, and microorganisms, and several hundred types of natural carotenoids have already been identified (for example, see Non-Patent Document 1).
As microorganisms which synthesize functional carotenoids, a bacterium belonging to the genus Agrobacterium (which was later reclassified into the genus Paracoccus) was reported by Yokoyama et al (for example, see Non-Patent Document 2). The above bacterium is characterized by synthesizing astaxanthin, which is one of the functional carotenoids, at a high concentration. In addition, a biosynthetic pathway of astaxanthin by the above bacterium was investigated, and a detailed gene-level mechanism was reported (for example, see Non-Patent Document 3). According to the reported biosynthetic pathway, for the synthesis of carotenoids, mevalonic acid, which is a primary metabolite and which is used as a starting material, is processed through a metabolic synthetic pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis to produce farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) having 15 carbon atoms, and the farnesyl pyrophosphate thus formed is then condensed with isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) having 5 carbon atoms, so that geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) having 20 carbon atoms is synthesized. Next, two geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate molecules are condensed with each other, so that phytoene is synthesized. Phytoene is converted into lycopene by a series of desaturation reactions, and this lycopene is further processed by a ring-forming reaction, so that β-carotene is synthesized. Next, when β-carotene is oxidized by a ketonization reaction, canthaxanthin is produced, and when β-carotene is hydroxylated, zeaxanthin is produced. Furthermore, when oxidation reaction is further advanced by ketonization and hydroxylation, astaxanthin is synthesized. The carotenoid biosynthetic pathway described above is shown in FIG. 1.
In addition, it was also reported that some microorganism has no gene encoding the afore-mentioned enzyme which performs ketonization of β-carotene, and hence it selectively synthesizes zeaxanthin (for example, see Non-Patent Document 4). When the same scheme as described above can be applied to the case of canthaxanthin, that is, if a microorganism which has no gene encoding a β-carotene hydroxylase is present, canthaxanthin can be selectively synthesized; however, separation of a novel microorganism that selectively synthesizes canthaxanthin has not be reported as of today.
Canthaxanthin is an effective substance as a functional carotenoid to revive the colors of farm-raised fish, hen eggs, and the like; however, canthaxanthin is obtained from a carotenoid extract by purification and is then simply used. Since the carotenoid extract contains many carotenoids having chemical properties similar to those of canthaxanthin, extraction and purification thereof have not been easily performed (for example, see Patent Documents 1 and 2). Accordingly, a substance, such as a microorganism, which accumulates canthaxanthin at a high concentration, has been desired.    [Patent Document 1] Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 6-237787    [Patent Document 2] Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2003-304875    [Non-Patent Document 1] Eric A. Johnson et al., Microbial carotenoids, Advances in Biochemical Engineering, Vol 53, pp. 119 to 178 (1995).    [Non-Patent Document 2] A Yokoyama et al., Production of astaxanthin and 4-ketozeaxanthin by marine bacterium, Agrobacterium aurantiacum, Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 58: 1842 to 1844 (1994).    [Non-Patent Document 3] N. Misawa et al., Structure and functional analysis of a marine bacterial carotenoid biosynthesis gene cluster and astaxanthin biosynthetic pathway proposed at the gene level, J. Bacteriology, 177: 6575 to 6584 (1995).    [Non-Patent Document 4] L. Pasamontes et al., Isolation and characterization of carotenoid biosynthesis genes of Flavobacterium sp. strain R1534, GENE, 185: 35 to 41(1997).

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Microorganism and method for producing canthaxanthin


A container (1) for transportation and/or storage of items is provided with under-slung lifting formations (8, 9) for aiding lifting of the container, rotatable support members (10, 11) upon which the container may be moved, and/or means (17) for securing like containers positioned in side by side relationship to be releasably secured to one another. The invention enables securing together containers in side by side relationship and moving/lifting the containers together between picking or loading locations. Following loading of the containers with at least some material at the distributed picking/loading locations, the containers may be disengaged and separated for onward transportation in separation.

1. Field
The present invention relates to a container, and in particular to a container suited for the transportation and/or storage of sheet items, particularly fragile delicate or non-uniform shape items such as, for example different sized vehicle windscreens or the like.
2. Related Art
Prior art containers are disclosed in for example EP1737764 and GB2408673. Such containers are particularly suited to shipping and storage of vehicle windscreens. Typically such containers are loaded with windscreens at a large centralised distribution centre and then shipped to a local depot or workshop for fitting as replacement windscreens.
Demand at the large centralised distribution centre is high and large containers are best suited to efficient loading. Containers are moved around the distribution centre between various locations where the appropriate selection of windscreens is 'picked' to demand, dependant upon the requirement at the local depot or workshop. Large containers full of windscreens selected to order can be easily accommodated at larger busier local depots or branches. However for smaller, less busy local depots or branches it would be preferable for smaller containers loaded with fewer windscreens to be shipped. An obvious solution would be for larger containers to be loaded with fewer containers. This would provide for inefficiency at the centralised distribution centre.
An improved container and handling or distribution procedure have now been devised.


Provided is a rescue capsule for shelter in tunnel construction, relating to lifesaving equipment. The rescue capsule includes a housing. A cavity of the housing includes an equipment compartment which is located at an upper portion of the cavity and a passenger compartment which is located at a lower portion of the cavity. An exterior of the housing is provided with an external skeleton. The exterior of the housing is further provided with an external indicating sign and an external rescue indicator. The housing is further provided with an explosion-proof sealing door. An oxygen cylinder, a power supply, a maintenance box, a first air purifier and a medical box are provided in the equipment compartment. Areas where the maintenance box and the medical box of the equipment compartment are provided communicate with the passenger compartment.

China has a vast stretch of territory, of which mountains and heavy hills account for about 75%. Tunnels are inevitably required to be constructed to allow roads to cross mountainous or hilly areas. The tunnel is a basic form for utilizing the underground space, and is an important component for forming transportation networks, such as railways, highways and urban subways. China has made a remarkable achievement based on the mature drilling techniques such as the drill-blasting method, drilling with tunnel boring machines and shield tunneling method, etc., tunnel construction and support technique adapted to geological conditions and modern operation and management modes. Nowadays, China has the rapidest development speed, the largest number and the most complicated construction conditions in tunnels and underground engineering. However, the accumulation and mastery of key techniques of tunnel constructions in China are still in the primary stage, and resolutions for accidents, such as collapses, water inrush and burst, hole shrinkage and support cracking are under-developed, which seriously threatens the safety of front-line construction workers and even causes severe casualties and property loses. The delayed blocking collapse of the tunnel is the most dangerous accident among those construction accidents threatening the safety of construction workers. During such tunnel accident, the construction workers cannot escape from dangerous areas in time, which leads to severe casualties.
The conventional method for solving the delayed blocking collapse is to place escape pipes on the bottom of tunnel sidewall. In principle, such escape pipe may help those front-line construction workers to escape from accidents, but connection of round pipes are not convenient, and multiple round pipes are connected via sleeve pipes, so connecting portions are easy to be broken. According to long-term construction site investigation, due to the disadvantages of too much interfaces, unsealing and inconvenient storage and transportation, the round pipes used at the construction site are often found to be placed outside the tunnel. When the blocking collapse happens in tunnels, the escape pipes are a hidden threat for the safety of the construction workers, because the outside escape pipes which cannot be used for the emergency escape may even hamper on-site rescues. Therefore, when tunnels are subjected to an accident, such tunnel escape pipes have a certain impact on the escape of the construction workers inside the tunnel and the rescue of the rescue workers outside the tunnel.

Rescue capsule for shelter in tunnel construction


The present disclosure provides a squeezing threaded rod, a squeezing component and a food processor. The squeezing threaded rod includes: a rod body, and the rod body includes a feeding segment, a squeezing segment connected with the feeding segment and a residue discharge segment connected with the squeezing segment; and the area of the cross section of the rod body gradually increases from the feeding segment to the squeezing segment. In the squeezing threaded rod provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure, the stress direction of juice squeezing and residue discharge thereof is consistent with the thrust direction of the rod body, in this case, the juice squeezing force and the residue discharge force can be increased, the food residues at a residue discharge opening can be discharged more easily, then the phenomenon that the food residues block the residue discharge opening can be reduced.

Juicers existing on the market extrude juice and discharge residues through spiral heads and rubber plugs installed on the bottom of juicing cups, but as the stress direction of residue discharge is inconsistent with the rotation thrust direction of the spiral heads, the juice squeezing force and the residue discharge force are insufficient, and thus the phenomena that residue discharge openings are blocked and that the residues are not dry occur frequently.
Therefore, how to propose a juicer in which the stress direction of juice squeezing and residue discharge is consistent with the thrust direction of a rod body so as to avoid the phenomena that residues are not dry and that a residue discharge opening is blocked easily has become an urgent problem to be solved at present.

Squeezing threaded rod, squeezing component, and food processor


A new and distinct Impatiens plant named xe2x80x98Balpixsangxe2x80x99, characterized by its small salmon colored flowers, compact growth habit and dark green leaves.

Latin name of the genus and species of plant claimed: Impatiens walleriana.
Variety denomination: xe2x80x98Balpixsangxe2x80x99.
The present invention comprises a new and distinct Impatiens plant, botanically known as Impatiens walleriana and hereinafter referred to by the cultivar name xe2x80x98Balpixsangxe2x80x99.
xe2x80x98Balpixsangxe2x80x99 is a product of a planned breeding program with the objective of developing Impatiens cultivars with small flowers and compact growth habits.
The female or seed parent of xe2x80x98Balpixsangxe2x80x99 was Impatiens variety xe2x80x98Orange Chicoxe2x80x99 (unpatented) which has a more compact growth habit than xe2x80x98Balpixsangxe2x80x99. The male or pollen parent of xe2x80x98Balpixsangxe2x80x99 was the proprietary Impatiens variety designated 3111-1-9 (unpatented) which has larger flowers than xe2x80x98Balpixsangxe2x80x99. The new cultivar was discovered and selected as a single flowering plant within the progeny of the above stated cross during January 2000 in a controlled environment at Elburn, Ill. The new cultivar was designated BFP-560.
Asexual reproduction of the new cultivar has been carried out at West Chicago, Ill. by terminal tip cuttings and has demonstrated that the unique characteristics of the new cultivar as herein described are firmly fixed and retained through successive generations of such asexual propagation.
It was found that the cultivar of the present invention:
(a) exhibits small salmon colored flowers;
(b) forms dark green foliage;
(c) exhibits a good basal branching character; and
(c) exhibits a compact growth habit.
The new cultivar of the present invention can be compared to xe2x80x98Fify Salmonxe2x80x99 (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 11,559). However, in side by side comparisons, plants of the new cultivar are more vigorous, have larger leaves and have flowers that are slightly darker and more orange in color than xe2x80x98Fify Salmonxe2x80x99.

Ball Floraplant, a division of Ball Horticultural Company


The present disclosure is directed to turbine engines and systems for active stability control of rotating compression systems utilizing an electric machine operatively coupled thereto. In one exemplary aspect, an electric machine operatively coupled with a compression system, e.g., via a shaft system, is controlled to provide shaft damping for instability fluctuations of the pressurized fluid stream within the compression system. Based on control data indicative of a system state of the compression system, a control parameter of the electric machine is adjusted to control or change an output of the shaft system. Adjusting the shaft system output by adjusting one or more control parameters of the electric machine allows the compression system to dampen instability fluctuations of the fluid stream within the compression system. A method for active stability control of a compression system operatively coupled with an electric machine via a shaft system is also provided.

Compression systems may be subject to certain flow instabilities during operation, including rotating stall and surge. Example compression systems include rotating compressors and pumps. Generally, surge is caused by oscillations of mass flow and pressure through the compression system and rotating stall is caused by locally reduced or blocked flow within the compression system. Both surge and rotating stall are undesirable. Particularly, surge oscillations or rapid pulsations in the flow may damage components of the compression system as well as other components positioned upstream and/or downstream of the compression system. Rotating stall results in inefficient operation of the compression system. Rotating stall and surge have other drawbacks as well.
Many compression systems, such as axial and centrifugal compressors for turbine engines, have an associated compressor map that describes the compressor's characteristics. For instance, compressor maps typically include a surge line that demarcates a stable operating region from an unstable operating region for various characteristic curves, e.g., speed settings of the turbine engine. If the mass flow through the compressor falls above the surge line, or more particularly to the left of the surge line, a flow instability results. On the other hand, if the mass flow through the compressor is below the surge line, or more particularly to the right of the surge line, the compression system is operating at a stable operating point or range.
Conventionally, to prevent surge, a surge margin or surge control line is drawn at a distance from the surge line and surge avoidance controls of the compression system ensure that the operating point of the compression system does not cross the surge control line. That is, the surge avoidance controls ensure that the operating point is at or right of the surge control line. However, such surge avoidance schemes restrict the operating range of the compression system and thus limit efficiency.
Other techniques for accounting for surge and rotating stall in addition or alternatively to surge avoidance controls include active surge control schemes that seek to stabilize surge and rotating stall rather than avoiding them. For instance, compressors may include various variable geometry components that may be actuated to control surge and rotating stall. For example, recycle, bleed, and throttle valves, variable guide vanes, etc. have been utilized for active surge control. While such active surge components are generally effective in controlling surge and rotating stall, they add extra weight, require additional components, and in many instances impart a penalty on the efficiency of the compression system.
Thus, a compression system and methods of operating the same that address one or more of the challenges noted above would be useful.

Active stability control of compression systems utilizing electric machines


An accessory for addition to a standard carpenter's level includes: a light source fastenable into the finger slot common to such levels and fiber optic, light-transmitting tubes extending from the light source to illuminate the bubble vials of the level.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to carpenter levels and more particularly pertains to means which may be used to illuminate the bubble vials thereof.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The use of lighted bubble vials in carpenter levels is known in the prior art. More specifically, devices heretofore devised and utilized for the purpose of such illumination are known to consist basically of familiar, expected and obvious structural configurations, notwithstanding the myriad of designs encompassed by the crowded prior art which have been developed for the fulfillment of countless objectives and requirements. Such devices have been built into the levels as a component thereof, requiring the purchase of a complicated level. Instances of such are shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,075,978; 5,025,567; 5,020,232; 4,912,854; 4,876,798; 4,407,075; and Des. 269,255.
In this respect, the device according to the present invention substantially departs from the conventional concepts and designs of the prior art, and in so doing provides an apparatus primarily developed for the purpose of being added to any existing carpenter's level without requiring the purchase of a new and complicated level and in case of malfunction, allowing replacement of the illuminating unit only.
Therefore, it can be appreciated that there exists a continuing need for new and improved carpenter's level illuminating systems which can be economically added to existing levels. In this regard, the present invention substantially fulfills this need.


A compound of formula I or formula II, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a tautomer thereof is disclosed.

COVID-19 (new coronavirus pneumonia) is highly contagious and highly pathogenic, and its mutant strains Delta and Omicron have stronger transmission ability. The endless mutant strains make the global epidemic situation more complicated. The novel coronavirus has posed a serious threat to human health, social stability and economic development.
3CLpro (3C-like protease, also known as major protease MPpro), as an important non-structural protein in coronaviruses, has a cleavage site similar to the 3C protease of microRNA virus, and plays an important role in the replication and transcription of progeny viruses. 3CLpro has three domains. Domains I and II are mainly composed of β-sheet structure, and domain III is mainly composed of α-helix structure. The active site is located in the groove formed between domains I and II. Domain III is involved in dimer formation. Compared with domain III, the sequence conservation of domain I and domain II of different coronaviruses is higher, which is consistent with their active sites being located in the first two domains. 3CLpro uses conservative cysteine and histidine as catalytic amino acids to form a catalytic duplex, in which cysteine is a nucleophilic attack group and histidine is a basic group. Coronavirus 3CLpro is essential for viral replication and highly conserved, making it an ideal anti-coronavirus drug target.
Proteolytic targeting chimeric molecules (PROTACs) are one of the most disruptive technologies in drug development in recent years. Proteolytic targeted chimera (PROTAC) is a technique for chemically degrading proteins. It can bind the target protein and E3 ubiquitin ligase at the same time, make the target protein close to E3 ubiquitin ligase, ubiquitinate the target protein, and then degrade the target protein through the degradation of the ubiquitinproteasome system (UPS). It is worth mentioning that, regardless of the function of the target protein, it can be degraded by PROTAC technology.

Protacs based on VHL ligand targeting coronavirus 3CL protease and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract: In formula I and II, n is 1-6.

SHAANXI PANLONG PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD.


The solid oxide fuel cell of the present invention has a substrate (1); an electrolyte (3) that is disposed on one surface of the substrate (1); and at least one electrode element E having an anode (5) and a cathode (7) disposed on the same surface of the electrolyte (3) with a predetermined space therebetween.

Planar-type, tubular-type and other types of cell designs have been conventionally proposed for solid oxide fuel cells.
A planar-type cell comprises an anode and a cathode disposed on the front and back surfaces, respectively, of a flat electrolyte. A thus-formed cell is used in a condition where a plurality of such cells are laminated having an interconnector (separator) between adjacent cells. The interconnectors (separator) connect cells in series or in parallel, and completely separate the fuel gas supplied to each cell from the oxidizing gas. A gas seal is provided between each cell and separator (for example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 1993-3045). However, in this planar-type cell, because the gas seal is provided by applying pressure to the cell, the cell is easily damaged by oscillation, heat cycles, etc. This poses a significant problem in bringing the fuel cell to practical use.
In contrast, a tubular-type cell disclosed in, for example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 1993-94830, comprises an anode and a cathode disposed on the external surface and internal surface respectively, of a tubular electrolyte. Among tubular-type cells, vertical stripe-type and horizontal stripe-type fuel cells have been proposed. Although a tubular-type fuel cell is advantageous in having excellent gas-sealing properties, its production is complicated because its construction is more complex than that of a planar type cell and this makes the construction cost thereof high.
Furthermore, these cell designs have the following drawbacks: both in planar-type cells and tubular-type cells, the electrolyte needs to be thin to improve performance, and the ohmic resistance of the electrolyte material needs to be reduced. However, an unduly thin electrolyte lacks sufficient strength and decreases the vibration resistance and durability of the cell.
For this reason, a non-diaphragm-type solid oxide fuel cell has been proposed to take the place of the above-mentioned planar-type and tubular-type fuel cells, wherein, as disclosed in, for example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 1996-264195, an anode and a cathode are arranged on the same surface of a solid electrolyte substrate, and electricity is generated by supplying a mixed gas of fuel and oxidizing gas. Because fuel gas and oxidizing gas do not need to be separated in this fuel cell, a separator and gas seal become unnecessary, and the construction and the production thereof can be significantly simplified.
In a non-diaphragm-type solid oxide fuel cell, because an anode and a cathode are formed in the vicinity of each other on the same surface of a solid electrolyte and conduction of oxygen ions occurs mainly on the surface of the electrolyte, the thickness of the electrolyte does not significantly effect the cell performance as it does in planar-type or tubular-type cells. Therefore, the electrolyte may be thickened while maintaining the same level of cell performance, and this can reduce its vulnerability to damage.
As described above, in prior-art solid oxide fuel cells, the vulnerability to damage is alleviated by thickening the electrolyte. However, because in many cases only those portions in the vicinity of the surface of the electrolyte contribute to the cell reaction, cell performance will not be significantly improved even if the electrolyte is thickened. Therefore, thickening the electrolyte merely increases its production costs.
The present invention aims to solve the above problem and provides a solid oxide fuel cell that can alleviate the vulnerability to damage, reduce its production costs, and obtain high power output.


A flash memory device includes a main body, a cover and an elastic member connecting the main body and the cover. The main body includes a hinge protrusion formed thereon. The cover includes a tail and a pair of parallel plates facing each other and spaced by an interval corresponding to a thickness of the main body. At least one plate defines an opening for receiving the hinge protrusion so that the cover is rotatable with respect to the main body. The elastic member is fastened to the cover to abut against the protrusion, or fastened to the main body to abut against the cover, when the cover is rotatable relative to the main body.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a personal computer peripheral device, and more particularly to a flash memory device with rotary cover.
2. Description of the Prior Art
With the fast development of the electrical domain, flash memory is currently used in variety of apparatus including digital cellular phone, digital camera, PC card, and digital setup box or inner controller for notebook computer. In the meantime, a USB interface plays a role of plug and play between a computer and a flash memory device. The computer could read data stored in the flash memory device through such USB interface or could record necessary data on the flash memory device.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,926,544 B2 discloses a conventional flash memory device which comprises a main body with a USB interface projecting from a front end of the main body, and a cover rotatable relative to the main body. The main body comprises a pair of hinge protuberances on opposite surfaces thereof. The cover comprises a pair of parallel plate members defining a pair of hinge holes for receiving the hinge protuberances, so that the cover can be rotatable around the hinge protuberances with respect to the main body, whereby the USB interface is either received in an inner space of the cover or rotated for exposuring to the outside of the cover. However, it is understandable that the main body and the cover might become loose after long-time friction between the hinge protuberances and the hinge holes. As a result, relative rotary movement easily occurs between the main body and the cover, thereby the USB interface is easily to be exposed outside from the cover although the USB interface is not need to be used. In this condition, alien substances can penetrate into the exposed USB interface which can't be protected by the cover any more, therefore the USB interface might be damaged.
Hence, an improved flash memory device is needed to solve the problem above.