The invention is a processing component used in electrophoresic conversion of coal fired flue gas carbon dioxide and nitrogen emissions into useful products in lieu of the more costly geosequestration of pollutant by-products produced in the electrical generating and transportation sectors of the economy. Carbon dioxide and facility stack nitrogen imbalance of coal-fired furnace emissions are chemically reacted with electric vehicle fuel cell spent electrolyte in the commercial production of plastic carbon polymers and nitrogen fertilizers.

The byproduct emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen (N2) from coal-fired steam electrical generating plant furnace scrubbers of Ref 2 and Ref. 3 are reacted with byproducts of electric vehicle spent nodular flocculant electrolytic fuel of Ref. 4. The said byproducts are manmade pollutants produced independently in the electrical generator and transportation sectors of the economy. The said byproducts are presently viewed as contaminating pollutants of air and water and incur a continuing operating overhead material product loss and disposal expense. The burning of one ton of coal produces thirteen (13) tons of emission product loss. Twenty three percent (23%) of these emissions are carbon dioxide (CO2) or about three tons. Carbon dioxide produced in the coal-fired furnace when captured in the scrubbers Ref. 2 and Ref. 3 become value added product used in the commercial manufacturing of organic chemicals in the electrophoresic process of the present invention. Facility stack nitrogen scrubbed free of carbon dioxide and acid gases and mercury become a value-added product used in nitrogen fixation for the commercial production of fertilizers within the same said electrophoresic equipment. The use of facility stack nitrogen shifts the oxygen and nitrogen ratio closer to its original ambient balance. These two sources of value-added byproducts are brought together as feed stocks in a highly activated gaseous field and allowed to cool in deliquescent contraction with reactant moisture to liquid form producing polymeric alkane carbon chains or in combination with nitrogen in forming cyanogenic (CN) compounds as in the polymeric formation of cyanic (CNOH) or cyanuric (C2N3H3) acids and most importantly ammonification (NH3) of reactants to form fertilizers and many other nitrated products used in the formulation of commercial chemicals and explosives.
In the beginning process spent electrolytic fuel of Ref. 4 from an electric vehicle fuel cell is reacted with sodium within an injector reaction chamber of Ref. 5. The reaction product produced in the said reaction chamber passes into a mixing chamber where it is mixed with CO2 and/or N2 of Refs. 2 and 3 which are then passed into a capacitor tuyere described in Ref. 6 where electrons (e−) are removed and protons (H+) are formed within a positively charged ionic stream that has many fragmented open bonded substances. Because free electrons have been removed in the said capacitor tuyere the said ionic stream is no longer able to assume its natural equilibrium balance and will form polymeric union as in the case of two molecules of carbon dioxide having similar placed open bonds will form aliphatic or aromatic dicarboxylic acids.
In the capacitor tuyere of Ref. 5 electrons (e−) are removed and protons (H+) are formed within a positively charged ionic stream that contains many fragmented open bonded substances. The said positively charged ionic stream enters the "Radial and Linear Alignment Chamber", hereinafter referred to as the alignment chamber. The positively charged substances within the said stream are oriented in magnetic resonance in two degrees of freedom (radially, axially) within the flowing gaseous stream. The speed of the gaseous flow within the said alignment chamber is subsonic and therefore ultrasonic 20Kc frequency in the receiver barrel outside of the said Alignment Chamber moves upstream kinetically effecting the remaining third dimension and degree of freedom physically bringing affinitive open bonds permanently closer together kinetically to share a singular bonding union.
Chemical reactions between substances within the alignment chamber occur as a result of their attraction for electrons (electrophilic) or for ionic atomic nuclei (nucleophilic). Because the capacitor tuyere removes electrons from an ionized stream the said stream is electro positive+. The electrons removed are used downstream in electrophilic or nucleophilic pairing. (Some first order reactions occur ahead of the capacitor tuyere in the injector reaction chamber). The capacitor tuyere is a force generator (creating charges) and therefore is assumed to operate as the first dynamic function necessary for chemical reaction in the process description which follows in the detailed description.

Radial and linear magnetic axial alignment chamber


A fastening device is provided for securing a shoelace knot. The fastening device has a base plate configured to conceal a portion of a knot of a tied shoelace, wherein the base plate has an upper surface and a lower surface. The fastening device also has a first clamping assembly arranged on the lower surface of the base plate. The first clamping assembly has an arm moveable between an open position and a closed position. The fastening device also has a second clamping assembly arranged on the lower surface of the base plate. The second clamping assembly has an arm moveable between an open position and a closed position. In addition, the arm of the first clamping assembly and the arm of the second clamping assembly are independently moveable.

Various types of devices are used to adjust or maintain the tightness of shoes on a person's feet. The most common device, of course, is the shoelace. One problem that arises with shoelaces, however, is that tied laces may have a tendency to become untied, especially when the wearer is physically active or when the laces are not tied properly. Untied shoelaces will often drag along the ground and become tattered and filthy. Also, when shoelaces are untied, the fit of the shoes may become too loose or may be uncomfortable for the wearer. Not only this, but untied shoelaces can also cause a person to trip and fall, causing injury.


A tubular reactor characterized by having short static mixing elements separated by coalescing zones is used to conduct multiphase liquid/liquid reactions. Small droplets of one of the phases are dispersed into the other phase by the static mixing elements. These droplets coalesce and at least partially phase separate as the mixture passes through the subsequent coalescing zone. The tubular reactor is particularly suitable for nitrating organic compounds while forming low levels of improperly nitrated by-products and low levels of nitrophenolics.

This invention relates to a tubular reactor, and for processes of conducting liquid/liquid multiphase reactions, particularly nitrations of aromatic compounds, in tubular reactors.
Reactions between immiscible or only slightly miscible liquids are commonly performed. Typical such reactions include an aqueous phase that is reacted with an immiscible organic phase. Because the desired chemical reactions usually occur mainly at the interface of the liquid phases, an important factor in obtaining a complete reaction or a commercially acceptable rate of reaction is to intensely mix the phases. There are various ways of accomplishing this. A common way is to conduct the reaction with mechanical mixing, such as by using an agitator blade. Cascade reactors are also known. Apparatus of these types have various shortcomings. Moving parts tend to wear out and need maintenance or replacement. Usually the apparatus is relatively expensive. Often, back-mixing occurs, leading to the formation of undesired byproducts or in some cases, over-reaction of the raw materials.
The problems associated with reactions between immiscible liquids are illustrated well by the nitration of aromatic compounds. Two commercially important nitrated aromatic compounds are mononitrobenzene (MNB) and dinitrotoluene, which are prepared by nitrating benzene and toluene, respectively. MNB is a common solvent and can be converted to another commercially important compound, aniline. Similarly, nitrated toluene products such as dinitrotoluene are used to make derivatives such as toluene diamine, which can be further converted to toluene diisocyanate, an important raw material for making polyurethane polymers.
Aromatic ring nitration reactions are ordinarily conducted by mixing the aromatic compound with nitric acid in the presence of sulfuric acid. An adiabatic process for producing mononitrobenzene is described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,256,999 to Castner. In Castner's process, as in all similar benzene nitration processes, the acids form a phase that is immiscible with the aromatic compound. Consequently, Castner describes using a series of agitated tanks for conducting the reaction in order to obtain a commercially acceptable reaction rate. However, the Castner process suffers from several difficulties, primarily low yields and the formation of high levels of nitrophenolic impurities. In addition, the Castner process forms undesirably high levels of overnitrated products, primarily dinitrobenzene.
The reliance on high shear mixing to deal with immiscible raw materials is reflected in other nitration processes as well. In U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,021,498 and 4,091,042, Alexanderson et al. describe using a "vigorously agitated" tubular reactor to conduct the reaction. This alone was not sufficient to satisfactorily produce the desired product, however. Consequently, Alexanderson et al. require careful selection of the proportions of starting materials in order to reduce the level of impurities in the product. This general approach to reducing impurities was continued in U.S. Pat. No. 5,313,009 to Guenkel et al., in which impurity formation is said to be reduced using a specially designed mixer, which produces extremely fine benzene bubbles in the acid phase, followed by a tubular reactor that may include additional static mixing elements. Like Alexanderson et al., Guenkel et al. found that very specific proportions of starting materials were necessary in order to obtain a product with low levels of impurities.
Other references are similar. In U.S. Pat. No. 3,431,312 to Engelbert et al., nitration is performed in a series of cascade reactors, all of which are equipped with mixers or stirrers. In U.S. Pat. No. 4,973,770 to Evans, the reaction is performed by forming a turbulent jet of nitric and sulfuric acid to produce droplets of mixed acid having a size of from less than 1 μm to about 10 μm in diameter and contacting the acid droplets with the nitratable organic compound. In U.S. Pat. No. 5,963,878, a pipe nitrator discharges into a stirred tank type reactor.
In the process described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,763,687 to Morisaki, the reaction is conducted in a tube or pipe reactor equipped with a number of specially designed static mixing elements.
Thus, nitrations of aromatic compounds typify many of the problems that attend multiphase liquid/liquid reactions. On the one hand, for economic reasons it is necessary to obtain an acceptable reaction rate, and this is usually facilitated by increasing the contact between the phases. On the other hand, over-contacting the phases can cause impurities, particularly nitrophenols and cresols to form. Similarly, back-mixing or over-contacting the phases may cause even the desired reaction to go too far. With nitration reactions, this is seen in the production of over-nitrated products such as dinitrobenzene (in MNB production). The formation of impurities in this manner reduces yield, thereby reducing the overall economic efficiency of the process.
Thus, it would be desirable to provide an apparatus with which multiphase liquid/liquid reactions can be conducted, which provides good control of the reaction and efficient mixing of the phases. It would also be desirable to provide a process for conducting multiphase liquid/liquid reactions efficiently, with good yields and low levels of impurities and byproducts being formed. In particular, it would be desirable to provide a method of nitrating aromatic compounds with good yields, low levels of nitrophenolic impurities and low levels of undesired by-products, using relatively inexpensive equipment.

Tubular reactor having static mixing elements separated by coalescing zones


In a method of ordering a consumable supply produced by a card manufacturing device of an identification card manufacturing system, a request to order the consumable supply is received from a user. Next, supply information relating to the supply is retrieved and the supply information is provided to a first web address. Finally, a second web address, which is different from the first web address and is associated with the supply, is retrieved through the first web address based upon the supply information.

Identification card manufacturing systems generally include a computer, at least one card manufacturing application running on the computer, and at least one identification card manufacturing device such as an identification card printer or laminator. In the case of an identification card printer, the card manufacturing application can combine textual and graphical information to form a print job corresponding to an image that is to be printed by the identification card printer. The print job can then be processed by the identification card printer by printing an image to a card substrate fed from a card supply using a thermal print mechanism or an ink jet print mechanism. The thermal print mechanism utilizes a thermal print ribbon supply, whereas the ink jet print mechanism utilizes an ink cartridge supply. When the identification card manufacturing device is a laminator, the card producing application can control the operation of the identification card laminator to laminate the printed card using an overlaminate supply. Other identification card processing devices, such as data encoders and card flippers, can also be controlled by the identification card manufacturing application.
Such systems are typically shipped with the components configured in accordance with default factory settings. The settings relate to driver settings for the card manufacturing device, component settings for the card manufacturing device (e.g., printer settings), and other default settings. The user of the system has the ability to modify some of the default settings of the system to tailor the system to his or her needs. Unfortunately, modifications to the default settings can complicate troubleshooting efforts should problems arise. It would, therefore, be desirable to be able to quickly identify how the system has been modified from the default settings to assist support personnel in the troubleshooting process.
In an effort to provide improved security from identification card counterfeiting, some consumable supplies are now customized for the user by providing them with a memory containing supply information that can be used to limit the use of the supply with only the user's identification card manufacturing system. One purpose of such a practice is to prevent the generation of fraudulent cards through the unauthorized use of the supplies with other card manufacturing systems.
The supplies and the card manufacturing systems are preferably customized for the user by a particular dealer. It is preferable for the user to contact the same dealer for submitting orders for new supplies as well as to receive support for the user's card manufacturing system.
There is a continuing need to make the use of identification card manufacturing systems as convenient for the user as possible. For example, it would be desirable to improve the ordering process for the consumable supply through use of the supply information contained in the memory of the supply to direct the user to their particular dealer.

Identification card manufacturing system supply ordering and diagnostic report


A method can include: calculating a maximum sync anchor change number; and creating a sync action entry, the sync action entry having a sync action change number and a composite change clock number, the composite change clock number set: to the maximum sync anchor change number when the sync action change number of the sync action entry is less than the maximum sync anchor change number, and to the sync action change number of the sync action entry when the sync action change number of the sync action entry is less than a sync action change number of a subsequent sync action entry and the sync action change number of the sync action entry is greater than the maximum sync anchor change number.

People use various devices to manage information. For example, a person may use a desktop computer to manage a calendar, maintain an address book, and keep a to-do list. The person may also use a laptop computer, a tablet computer, or a smart phone to manage the same information. To be most useful, each device should have the latest version of the information. This can be accomplished by synchronizing the information between the different devices.
People may also share information with others. For example, students may share class notes, and a teacher may publish class assignments on a web site. People can get the latest updates by synchronizing each device.
Data synchronization generally involves detection and identification of changes on each device, together with conflict resolution. Various techniques exist for achieving these aspects of data synchronization, including (1) comparing data records item by item, (2) logging changes made at each device, exchanging logs, and applying changes from each device's log to the other device, and (3) comparing the versions of each data record and choosing the newest version.
To illustrate the prior art technique of synchronizing by comparing data records item by item, FIG. 1a shows a system comprising two exemplary peer devices; local device 110L and remote device 110R. Local device 110L includes a local data store 120L and remote device 110R contains remote data store 120R. FIG. 1b is an example of a local dataset 130L residing in local data store 120L and containing three exemplary data records. Remote dataset 130R is a copy of local dataset 130L residing in remote data store 120R. FIG. 1c shows datasets 140L and 140R after some changes have occurred to datasets 130L and 130R respectively. Record A has changed in local dataset 140L, record B has changed in both datasets 140L and 140R, and record C has been deleted in local dataset 140L. FIG. 1d shows datasets 150L and 150R after data stores 120L and 120R are synchronized. Record A is copied to remote dataset 150R, any conflicts in the changes in record B are resolved and the result is copied to datasets 150L and 150R, and record C is copied back to local dataset 150L. It is readily apparent that item by item record comparison suffers from a number of disadvantages; it gets slower as a dataset grows larger, it depends on the two devices sharing a common clock to find out which record is newer, and it does not handle deletion because it is not possible to tell whether a record has been added to one dataset or deleted from the other dataset after the last synchronization.
To illustrate the prior art technique of synchronizing data using a change log, FIG. 2a shows two exemplary change logs. Change log 210L summarizes the changes to local dataset 130L, and change log 210R summarizes the changes to remote dataset 130R. Change log 210L shows that data records A and B have been updated in local dataset 130L, record C has been deleted, and record D has been added. Change log 210R shows that record B has been updated in remote dataset 130R. FIG. 2b shows datasets 220L and 220R after data stores 120L and 120R are synchronized. Record A is copied to remote dataset 220R, any conflicts in the changes in record B are resolved and the result is copied to datasets 220L and 220R, record C is deleted from remote dataset 220R, and record D is copied to remote dataset 220R. Although the change log technique overcomes the record comparison and deletion disadvantages of the item by item comparison technique, it suffers from two new disadvantages; namely, additional storage for the change log and not knowing when to prune the change log if there are more than two peer devices being synchronized at different times. If a peer device is abandoned, the change log may never be pruned.
To illustrate the prior art technique of synchronizing data by comparing versions of each data record, FIG. 3a is an example of a local dataset 310L residing in local data store 120L and containing three exemplary data records. Remote dataset 310R is a copy of local dataset 310L residing in remote data store 120R. Each record is marked by a "version vector", a pair of version numbers, {L1,R1}, corresponding to record versions in the data stores of devices 110L and 110R. FIG. 3b shows datasets 320L and 320R after some changes have occurred to datasets 310L and 310R respectively. Record A has changed in local dataset 320L, record B has changed in both datasets 320L and 320R, and record C has been deleted in local dataset 320L. FIG. 3c shows datasets 330L and 330R after data stores 120L and 120R are synchronized. Record A is copied to remote dataset 330R, any conflicts in the changes in record B are resolved and the result is copied to dataset 330L and 330R, and record C is deleted from remote dataset 330R. Although the version comparison technique overcomes the disadvantages of record comparison and deletion as well as the overhead of a change log, each time a new peer device is introduced the version vector of each data record grows because it must store the version for the new device. Even when a device is abandoned, the version vector retains the version number of the abandoned device.
Additionally, none of the techniques described above handles an interrupted synchronization intrinsically. A synchronization operation between two devices may be interrupted for a variety of reasons. For example, the user may manually abort the synchronization operation to perform an urgent task, one of the devices may lose power unexpectedly, or the devices may move outside wireless range and lose connectivity. In general, an interrupted synchronization means restarting the synchronization from scratch, or requires additional information about the synchronization state for later restart.
Prior developments have not taught or suggested any solutions to overcome all of the limitations described above, and thus, solutions to overcome these limitations have long eluded those skilled in the art.

Data synchronization using a composite change clock


A power line communication system and signaling protocol is usable for quick dimming of an electronic ballast. An encoding circuit transmits message frames having encoded control signals across a AC power line. Each of a first set of frames includes a bit pattern corresponding to a lighting zone, and a second set of frames includes hamming-encoded bit patterns corresponding to respective hexadecimal digits of a dimming level for the lighting zone. A ballast in a first (quick-dim) configuration detects the second set of frames, decodes the hamming-encoded digits and immediately adjusts the ballast output to the desired power level. The ballast in a second (normal) configuration determines the desired power level based on a pattern density in the first set of frames, and adjusts the output current of the ballast accordingly. If the ballast of the first configuration fails to detect the second set of frames, it defaults to pattern density recognition.

The present invention relates generally to providing dimming control signals for lighting ballasts. More particularly, this invention pertains to encoding dimming signals for a ballast over a power line to reduce the amount of time in implementing a desired change in lighting power levels.
Referring to FIG. 1, a single-burst signaling system 100 is shown as previously known in the art. This system uses a high frequency burst 102 of approximately 9.8 kHz transmitted coincident with the zero crossings 104 of the AC mains 106. The presence or absence of the burst within a group of eight zero crossings 108 (or one frame 108) represents the logical state of each bit 110. In the example shown, a single burst within a group of zero crossings, or set, decodes as "0". No bursts detected within a set decodes as "1". The bits are organized into repeating bit patterns having a one-to-zero density that is proportional to the desired dimming level. The repetitive bit patterns are encoded such that ones and zeros are proportionally distributed, allowing larger groups of bits 112 (super-frames 112) to be evaluated anywhere within the repeating pattern.
The single-burst signaling system unfortunately does not adequately accommodate more than one control channel. It is desirable in many modern ballasts to provide, in addition to dimming level control signals as above, remote capability for sending commissioning messages, tuning control of the maximum and/or minimum light output for a ballast, and daylight harvesting signals to automatically adjust the light output in response to changes in the ambient light level in a particular area. While multiplexing of signals from more than one source along a common communications line is known to those of skill in the art, a single-burst signaling system cannot distinguish between various sources along the line.
Various systems are further known to those of skill in the art for generating and detecting pulses carrying ballast control information over a power line. However, in some of these systems detection of the transmitted pulses is difficult where the pulse width changes in response to changes in the input voltage. Other systems have the disadvantage of causing unintentional lamp dimming in the presence of high levels of power line noise about the control signals transmitted to the ballast.
It is desirable to provide a system for generating and transmitting control signals from multiple control sources over a common power line to a ballast configured to detect the signals.
Further, various conventional methods of controlling lighting levels over the power line have a substantial delay (e.g., of about 26.7 seconds in one example) to slew from minimum to maximum brightness. It would be desirable to reduce the response time for a level change from, e.g., 26 seconds to only 2 seconds.
It would further be desirable to provide this feature while maintaining compatibility with existing systems already installed in the field.

Power line communication system and method for control of lamp dimming


Embodiments of a system and method for emotional tagging are generally described herein. A method may include receiving, at a device, biometric data and a timestamp, analyzing the biometric data to determine an emotional reaction occurred, tagging a portion of content with an emotional content tag based on the emotional reaction, wherein the portion of content was playing during a time corresponding to the timestamp, and sending the portion of content and the emotional content tag to a server. A method may include aggregating content tagged as emotional content, generating an emotional content video segment, and providing the emotional content video segment.

The way people watch media has changed tremendously from the days when personal schedules were set around TV shows to present day where media streaming over the Internet is predominant, often in small media segments, as made popular by online services. People often login into websites with video media services to watch small video segments (often less than 5 minutes), to do what some media experts call "Media Snacking." This type of consumption was made popular due to the busy lives of people and their need for small breaks that provide mental and emotional relief.


Some embodiments herein relate to a method performed by a wireless device (10) for handling communication of the wireless device (10) in a wireless communication network (1), wherein a first radio network node serves the wireless device (10) and the wireless communication network (1) further comprises a second radio network node (13). The wireless device receives a handover command from the first radio network node (12) indicating a handover to a cell served by the second radio network node (13), the handover command comprises a beam indication, such as a threshold, controlling which beam of the cell to select by the wireless device (10). The wireless device (10) further selects a beam of the cell based on at least the beam indication.

In a typical wireless communication network, wireless devices, also known as wireless communication devices, mobile stations, stations (STA) and/or user equipments (UE), communicate via a Radio access Network (RAN) to one or more core networks (CN). The RAN covers a geographical area which is divided into service areas or cell areas, with each service area or cell area being served by a radio network node such as an access node e.g. a Wi-Fi access point or a radio base station (RBS), which in some networks may also be called, for example, a NodeB, a gNodeB, or an eNodeB. The service area or cell area is a geographical area where radio coverage is provided by the access node. The access node operates on radio frequencies to communicate over an air interface with the wireless devices within range of the access node. The access node communicates over a downlink (DL) to the wireless device and the wireless device communicates over an uplink (UL) to the access node.
A Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) is a third generation telecommunication network, which evolved from the second generation (2G) Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). The UMTS terrestrial radio access network (UTRAN) is essentially a RAN using wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) and/or High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) for communication with user equipments. In a forum known as the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), telecommunications suppliers propose and agree upon standards for present and future generation networks and UTRAN specifically, and investigate enhanced data rate and radio capacity. In some RANs, e.g. as in UMTS, several access nodes may be connected, e.g., by landlines or microwave, to a controller node, such as a radio network controller (RNC) or a base station controller (BSC), which supervises and coordinates various activities of the plural access nodes connected thereto. The RNCs are typically connected to one or more core networks.
Specifications for the Evolved Packet System (EPS) have been completed within the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) and this work continues in the coming 3GPP releases, such as 4G and 5G networks. The EPS comprises the Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN), also known as the Long-Term Evolution (LTE) radio access network, and the Evolved Packet Core (EPC), also known as System Architecture Evolution (SAE) core network. E-UTRAN/LTE is a 3GPP radio access technology wherein the access nodes are directly connected to the EPC core network. As such, the Radio Access Network (RAN) of an EPS has an essentially "flat" architecture comprising access nodes connected directly to one or more core networks.
With the emerging 5G technologies, the use of very many transmit- and receive-antenna elements is of great interest as it makes it possible to utilize beamforming, such as transmit-side and receive-side beamforming. Transmit-side beamforming means that the transmitter can amplify the transmitted signals in a selected direction or directions, while suppressing the transmitted signals in other directions. Similarly, on the receive-side, a receiver can amplify signals from a selected direction or directions, while suppressing unwanted signals from other directions.
Beamforming allows the signal to be stronger for an individual connection. On the transmit-side this may be achieved by a concentration of the transmitted power in the desired direction(s), and on the receive-side this may be achieved by an increased receiver sensitivity in the desired direction(s). This beamforming enhances throughput and coverage of the connection. It also allows reducing the interference from unwanted signals, thereby enabling several simultaneous transmissions over multiple individual connections using the same resources in the time-frequency grid, so-called multi-user Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO).
Scheduled reference signals, called channel-state information reference signals (CSI-RS), are transmitted when needed for a particular connection. CSI comprises Channel Quality Indicator (CQI), Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI), and Rank Indicator (RI). The CQI is reported by wireless device to the radio network node. The wireless device indicates modulation scheme and coding scheme to the radio network node. To predict the downlink channel condition, CQI feedback by the wireless device may be used as an input. CQI reporting can be based on PMI and RI. PMI is indicated by the wireless device to the radio network node, which precoding matrix may be used for downlink transmission which is determined by RI. The wireless device further indicates the RI to the radio network node, i.e. the number of layers that should be used for downlink transmission to the wireless device. The decision when and how to transmit the CSI-RS is made by the radio network node and the decision is signalled to the involved wireless devices using a so-called measurement grant. When the wireless device receives a measurement grant it measures on a corresponding CSI-RS. The radio network node may choose to transmit CSI-RSs to a wireless device only using beam(s) that are known to be strong for that wireless device, to allow the wireless device to report more detailed information about those beams. Alternatively, the radio network node may choose to transmit CSI-RSs also using beam(s) that are not known to be strong for that wireless device, for instance to enable fast detection of new beam(s) in case the wireless device is moving.
The radio network nodes of a New Radio (NR) network transmit other reference signals as well. For instance, the radio network nodes may transmit so-called demodulation reference signals (DMRS) when transmitting control information or data to a wireless device. Such transmissions are typically made using beam(s) that are known to be strong for that wireless device.
In LTE, the main goal of CSI-RSs is to obtain channel state feedback for up to eight transmit antenna ports to assist the radio network node in its precoding operations. Release 10 supports transmission of CSI-RS for 1, 2, 4 and 8 transmit antenna ports. CSI-RSs also enable the wireless device to estimate the CSI for multiple cells rather than just its serving cell, to support future multi-cell cooperative transmission schemes. Notice that the purpose of CSI-RS measurements in LTE is not to support mobility across cells.
The CSI-RS resource allocation for a given subframe is shown in FIG. 1. Code Division Multiplexing (CDM) codes of length two are used, so that CSI-RSs on two antenna ports share two resource elements (RE) on a given subcarrier. The resource elements used in the case of two CSI-RS antenna ports are a subset of those used for four and eight antenna ports; this helps to simplify the implementation. The total number of supported antenna ports is forty, which can be used to give a frequency-reuse factor of five between cells with eight antenna ports per cell, or a factor of twenty in the case of two antenna ports.
The CSI-RS configuration is wireless device-specific i.e. provided via dedicated Radio Resource Control (RRC) signalling. When configured, CSI-RSs are present only in some subframes following a given duty cycle and subframe offset. The duty cycle and offset of the subframes containing CSI-RSs and the CSI-RS pattern used in those subframes are provided to a Release 10 wireless device through RRC signaling, e.g. see FIG. 2. The duty cycle and subframe offset are jointly coded, while the CSI-RS pattern is configured independently of these two parameters.
In summary, the CSI-RS configuration comprises the following (at least until Rel-10):                The number of CSI-RS: 1, 2, 4 or 8;        The CSI-RS periodicity: 5 ms, 10 ms, 20 ms, 40 ms or 80 ms;        The CSI-RS subframe offset within the CSI-RS period;        The exact CSR-RS configuration within a resource-block pair—that is exactly what resource elements from the 40 possible REs are used for the up to eight CSI-RS in a resource-block pair.
In the context of cooperative MIMO, it may be possible to improve the performance of channel estimation, and especially interference estimation, by coordinating CSI-RS transmissions across multiple service areas. In Release 10 it is therefore possible to 'mute' a set of REs in data transmissions from a service area. The locations of these REs, known as the 'muting pattern', can be chosen to avoid colliding with CSI-RS transmissions from other service areas and hence improve the inter-cell measurement quality. Notice that in the multi-cell case, there can be some level of coordination so that CSI-RS resource allocation tries to avoid the interference across Transmission and Reception Points (TRP)/service areas, as shown in the FIG. 3 where CSI-RS configuration 0 differs from CSI-RS configuration 1 that also differs from CSI-RS configuration 2. Another important aspect relates to how the wireless device receiver handle the CSI-RS. In LTE, Time and Frequency (T/F) synchronization is obtained from Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS)/Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS)/Cell Specific Reference Signal (CRS) and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is applied to relevant CSI-RS symbols and removes the embedded own-cell ID or RRC configured virtual cell ID (504 possibilities).
The work on Rel-13 FD-MIMO specification in LTE primary includes the support for beamforming in LTE. The wireless device can be configured with a set of CSI-RS processes that can be associated at the network side to different Downlink (DL) beams, which can be different for the different subframes. With beamformed CSI-RS, the wireless device should measure CSI on CSI-RS resources that are beamformed towards different directions, see FIG. 4.
Rel-13 FD-MIMO specification in LTE supports an enhanced CSI-RS reporting called Class B for beamformed CSI-RS. Therein, an LTE RRC_CONNECTED wireless device can be configured with K beams (where 8>K>1) where it can be 1, 2, 4 or 8 port number for each beam. For feedback purposes such as PMI, RI and CQI there is a CSI-RS Resource Indicator (CRI) per CSI-RS. The wireless device reports CRI to indicate the preferred beam where the CRI is wideband, RI/CQI/PMI is based on legacy codebook (i.e. Rel-12) and CRI reporting period is an integer multiple of the RI. For Rel-14 enhancements in Full Dimension (eFD)-MIMO, the following is being considered as potential enhancements such as the extension of CSI-RS antenna port number up to 32 i.e. {20, 24, 28, 32} CSI-RS ports and the introduction of aperiodic CSI-RS, see FIG. 5.
According to the TS 36.331 the CSI-RS configuration (encoded in the CSI-RS-Config IE) can either be transmitted in the RRCConnectionSetup, RRCConnectionResume or the RRC Connection Reconfiguration, with or without mobility Control Information (i.e. in a handover command). See FIG. 6.
It has been agreed in RAN1 that CSI-RS is going to be the primary RS for beam management. Compared to the beamformed CSI-RS in LTE, perhaps the main additional use case would be the analog beam sweep, possibly also used for fine T/F tracking. Hence, more flexibility for the NR CSI-RS in New Radio (NR) is also envisioned such as:                Possibly transmitted within 1, 2 or 4 symbols;        Configurable bandwidth (i.e. not always full system as in LTE);        Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol can carry CSI-RS only;        Aperiodic, semi-persistent and periodic transmissions;
Note: Most of the usage of CSI-RS in LTE and so far, mentioned in NR are related to measurement to support beam management. In addition to that, RAN1 and RAN2 have also agreed that CSI-RS can be used for Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements to support inter-cell mobility, although details have not been defined.
In the following, the mobility in LTE and in particular the handover preparation between eNodeBs (eNB) is described.
In LTE, the handover of a wireless device in RRC_CONNECTED state is a wireless device-assisted network-controlled Handover (HO), with HO preparation signalling in E-UTRAN:                Part of the HO command comes from the target eNB and is transparently forwarded to the wireless device by the source eNB;        To prepare the HO, the source eNB passes all necessary information to the target eNB (e.g. E-Radio Access Bearer (RAB) attributes and RRC context);        Both the source eNB and the wireless device keep some context, e.g. Cell—Radio Network Temporary Identifier (C-RNTI), to enable the return of the wireless device in case of HO failure;        The wireless device accesses the target cell via Random Access Channel (RACH) following a contention-free procedure using a dedicated RACH preamble or following a contention-based procedure if dedicated RACH preambles are not available; the wireless device uses the dedicated preamble until the handover procedure is finished (successfully or unsuccessfully);        If the RACH procedure towards the target cell is not successful within a certain time, the wireless device initiates radio link failure recovery using a suitable cell;        No Robust Header Compression (ROHC) context is transferred at handover;        ROHC context can be kept at handover within the same eNB.
The preparation and execution phase of the HO procedure is performed without CN involvement (EPC in the case of LTE), i.e. preparation messages are directly exchanged between the eNBs. The release of the resources at the source side during the HO completion phase is triggered by the eNB. The FIG. 7 depicts the basic handover scenario where neither Mobility Management Entity (MME) nor Serving Gateway changes:
Handover preparation in LTE is further described i.e. actions 3, 4, 5 and 6 in FIG. 7. The Handover preparation is initiated by the serving eNodeB that makes decision for a handover, possibly based on MEASUREMENT REPORT and RRM information to hand off the wireless device, see action 3. Then the follow steps occur:                Action 4: The source eNB issues a HANDOVER REQUEST message to the target eNB passing necessary information to prepare the HO at the target side (wireless device X2 signalling context reference at source eNB, wireless device S1 EPC signalling context reference, target cell ID, KeNB*, RRC context including the C-RNTI of the wireless device in the source eNB, AS-configuration, enhanced Radio access bearer (E-RAB) context and physical layer ID of the source cell+short Medium Access Control (MAC)-I for possible Radio Link Failure (RLF) recovery). Wireless device X2/wireless device S1 signalling references enable the target eNB to address the source eNB and the EPC. The E-RAB context includes necessary Radio Network Layer (RNL) and Transport Network Layer (TNL) addressing information, and Quality Of Service (QoS) profiles of the E-RABs.        Action 5: Admission Control may be performed by the target eNB dependent on the received E-RAB QoS information to increase the likelihood of a successful HO, if the resources can be granted by target eNB. The target eNB configures the required resources according to the received E-RAB QoS information and reserves a C-RNTI and optionally a RACH preamble. The AS-configuration to be used in the target cell can either be specified independently (i.e. an "establishment") or as a delta compared to the AS-configuration used in the source cell (i.e. a "reconfiguration").        Action 6: The target eNB prepares HO with Layer 1 (L1)/Layer 2 (L2) and sends the HANDOVER REQUEST ACKNOWLEDGE to the source eNB. The HANDOVER REQUEST ACKNOWLEDGE message includes a transparent container to be sent to the wireless device as an RRC message to perform the handover. The container includes a new C-RNTI, target eNB security algorithm identifiers for the selected security algorithms, may include a dedicated RACH preamble, and possibly some other parameters i.e. access parameters, System Information Blocks (SIB), etc. The HANDOVER REQUEST ACKNOWLEDGE message may also include RNL/TNL information for the forwarding tunnels, if necessary.
NOTE: As soon as the source eNB receives the HANDOVER REQUEST ACKNOWLEDGE, or as soon as the transmission of the handover command is initiated in the downlink, data forwarding may be initiated.
Handover preparation in NR is mainly a RAN3 issue in standardization and work related to intra-NR mobility has not started. On the other hand, in the RAN2 TR, a similar inter-node signalling as in LTE has been agreed as baseline. Hence, it is expected a similar Xn signalling exchanged between gNodeBs i.e. a Handover Request from serving to target, followed by a Handover Request Ack once admission control occurs in the target.
Thus, in LTE, a handover occurs from the serving cell to the neighbor cell. In order to assist the network, the wireless device is configured to perform RRM measurements for its own cell and compare with the quality of neighbor cells. In other words, the wireless device needs to measure the quality of neighbor cell, report these to the radio network node so a decision can be made.
The network may decide to handover the wireless device from a serving cell to possibly one of the neighbor cell candidates that have been reported. Then, the handover command follows (in LTE this is the RRCConnectionReconfiguration with the IE mobilityControlInformation) containing among other parameters the RACH configuration the wireless device should use the access the target cell such as the Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) time and frequency resources the wireless device should transmit the preamble (possibly also dedicated and allocated in the same message).
Since handover is a costly procedure in terms of radio signalling, and, in some cases (inter-gNodeB) network signalling, too frequent handovers and ping-pong handover should be avoided or at least minimized (especially because they may also increase the chances of failure). In addition, for battery saving reasons and load, too frequent measurement reports should be avoided or minimized. Hence, event-triggered reports based on filtered measurements are defined per cell in LTE. RAN4 then define requirements on evaluation period of 200 ms for a certain accuracy and wireless device implementation typically picks a snapshot of 40 ms to perform some coherence and on-coherent average over time and frequency.
In NR, there will be deployment in higher frequencies and beamforming will be widely used even for the basic control signals and channels, such as reference signals used for RRM. In addition, current design principles in 3GPP point to the direction where RACH resources are portioned per DL beam transmitting RS for RRM and synchronization, so called a Synchronization Signal (SS) Block Burst Set. So every SS Block may contain its own RACH configuration i.e. Time/Frequency (T/F) resources and even preamble sub-set. The SS Block will contain in its structure some kind of RS that may be used to indicate the beam, often called tertiary synchronization sequence (TSS), although it can possibly be transmitted as a codeword in the SS Block, jointly with the PSS/SSS and the Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH), see FIG. 8.
Even without directional reciprocity, the implementation enables the target cell to transmit the Random Access Response (RAR) in the strongest DL beam covering the wireless device thanks to the mapping between RACH configuration (including the preamble) and the target cell DL beam. That allows the wireless device to quickly access a narrow beam in the target right after handover execution.
In LTE, RACH resources are defined per cell i.e. when the wireless device receives the Handover (HO) command the wireless device can immediately initiate RACH, at least assuming the wireless device is synchronized (although dedicated resources can be configured); Meanwhile, in NR, RACH resources are defined per DL beam (or groups of DL beam) to allow an efficient RACH detection using analog beamforming (or groups of beams). Hence, the wireless device may select a DL beam before it initiates random access.
In that case, current solutions being discussed point in two possible directions:                wireless device receives a HO command with PRACH mapping to all possible TSS in the target cell;        wireless device receives a HO command with a subset of PRACH configurations mapped to a subset of TSS in the target cell;
In latest RAN2 #97bis meeting, there are following agreement made related to HO in NR.
Agreements
1 Handover command can contain at least cell identity of the target cell and RACH configuration(s) associated to the beams of the target cell. RACH configuration(s) can include configuration for contention-free random access.                1b wireless device selects a suitable beam from all beams of the target cell.        1c wireless device performs CBRA on the wireless device's selected beam if Contention Free Random Access (CFRA) resources are not provided for the wireless device's selected beam.
According to this agreement, network (NVV) only tell the wireless device which cell the wireless device should handover to similar as in LTE. While which beam within the target cell wireless device should access to is decided by the wireless device itself.
The agreement in NR has the advantage that the wireless device can select a beam with best radio link quality when it needs to access target cell which might be different from the best beam that it reported to the NW in a measurement report.
However, leaving control to the wireless device has some problems.
First, some beams with good radio link quality in the target cell may be loaded from NW perspective, however the wireless device does not know this. Therefore the wireless device may select those beam to access target cell. The wireless device may then not get a good performance.
Second, sometimes to guarantee the success of random access in target cell, NW will allocate designated preamble for the wireless device to use during random access, i.e. contention free random access (CFRA) procedure. According to current agreement, the wireless device may not select this beam, then the reservation of such preamble is a waste and the successfulness of random access in the target cell may be affected leading to a limited or reduced performance of the wireless communication network.

Wireless device, radio network node, and methods performed therein for communicating in a wireless communication network


A knocking control device for a watercraft engine includes a knocking learning value renewing section for changing a knocking learning value toward a low octane number ignition timing map when the knock sensor detects a knocking condition. The device changes the knocking learning value toward a high octane number ignition timing map when the knock sensor does not detect a knocking condition. An ignition timing determining section retards or advances an ignition timing based upon the knocking learning value given from the knocking learning value renewing section. The knocking learning value renewing section is constructed not to change the knocking learning value toward the high octane number ignition timing map, when an engine speed is in the vicinity of a full throttle condition.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a knocking control device, and, more particularly, to a knocking control device for a watercraft engine.
2. Description of the Related Art
A knocking control device for an automobile engine is described in JP-A-2001-082242. This knocking control device is equipped with a control function to determine whether the fuel has a high octane number or a low octane number from a signal of a knock sensor. This is done even though the engine, which is specified for high octane number gasoline, is supplied with regular gasoline. The device is also provided with a knocking learning control routine under which an ignition timing map for the high octane number and another ignition timing map for the low octane number are complementarily mixed at a certain rate with each other to determine ignition timing. A coefficient of the rate for the complemental mixing is called a knocking learning value.

Knocking control device for watercraft engine


Techniques and mechanisms for conversion of code of a first type to bytecode. Apex provides various unique characteristics. When converting to bytecode, these characteristics are handled to provide bytecode functionality. Some of the unique characteristics of Apex include Autoboxing, SOQL, Properties, Comparisons, Modifiers, Code coverage mechanisms and Sharing mechanisms.

The subject matter discussed in the background section should not be assumed to be prior art merely as a result of its mention in the background section. Similarly, a problem mentioned in the background section or associated with the subject matter of the background section should not be assumed to have been previously recognized. The subject matter in the background section merely represents different approaches.
In conventional database systems, users access their data resources in one logical database. A user of such a conventional system typically retrieves data from and stores data on the system using the user's own systems. A user system might remotely access one of a plurality of server systems that might in turn access the database system. Data retrieval from the system might include the issuance of a query from the user system to the database system. The database system might process the request for information received in the query and send to the user system information relevant to the request.
As an on demand platform, Apex™ provides a set of features for building business applications including, for example, data models and objects to manage data, a workflow engine for managing collaboration of that data, a user interface model to handle forms and other interactions, and a Web services application programming interface (API) for programmatic access and integration. These platform technologies support custom applications and integrations, and allow developers to build applications utilizing this on demand model.
Apex code is "on demand," running without requiring local servers or software. Apex code may run in a multi-tenant environment, providing the economic and manageability benefits of a shared service while keeping the definition, data and behavior of each customer's application separate from each other. For developers, the combination of these capabilities with this on-demand, multi-tenant delivery provides convenience, scalability, and safety of an on-demand database, combined with the flexibility and control of a procedural language.
Apex code provides a powerful and productive approach to creating functionality and logic, allowing developers to focus on elements specific to their application, while leaving other elements to the platform's framework. Apex code is a successful and innovative language in part because of its multi-tenant design. Multitenancy allows Apex to scale to a large number of customers with a relatively modest hardware investment. Apex code is abstracted and governed, utilizing only as many resources as is allowed.
Performance is a key requirement for any programming language. It is especially important in a multitenant environment where processor cycles spent interpreting code for a given customer have a direct and negative impact on other customers sharing the same environment. Thus, improving performance not only results in quicker response times for users but also less impact on other tenants in terms of the overall load on the system.
All languages tend to have some start-up cost associated with getting code into a state where it can be executed. This cost includes, for example, the processing required to load the executable form of the code and to link it with dependent code. Unlike most programming languages, however, start-up costs tend to dominate in a multi-tenant language where the interpreter may be called upon to execute code from any one of possibly thousands of tenants. The ability to cache executable code to avoid the start-up costs on subsequent requests is limited by the large working set. In addition, the requests tend to be relatively short, making the start-up cost a larger proportion of the overall request time.

Methods and systems for evaluating bytecode in an on-demand service environment including translation of apex to bytecode


A centric clamping device, which contains a main body, two clamping jaws, guided so they can be displaced on the main body, and an adjusting spindle, supported by a spindle bearing so that it can rotate on the main body for the opposing adjustment of the two clamping jaws. A high-precision spindle bearing, optimally protected against soiling, is attained in that the spindle bearing is located in a bearing block and two bearing sleeves, which can be adjusted axially within the bearing block.

Centric clamping devices usually have a main body, which can be clamped, for example, on a machine table, two clamping jaws that are guided so they can be displaced on the main body via longitudinal guides, and an adjusting spindle for the opposing adjustment of the two clamping jaws. With the aid of the adjusting spindles, the clamping jaws, situated so they can be displaced on the main body, can be simultaneously moved apart and together, wherein a centric clamping of workpieces is made possible.
From DE 10 2012 112 755 A1, a generic centric clamping device is known. It has a main body, two clamping jaws that are guided so they can be displaced on the main body, and an adjusting spindle that is supported on the main body so it can rotate by means of a spindle bearing for the opposing adjustment of the two clamping jaws. In this known clamping device, the spindle support consists of a bearing support that is affixed to the main body by means of screws, which contains a shell-shaped bearing bridge to engage with an annular groove of the adjusting spindle.
In DE 20 2004 009 517 U1, a clamping device with a main body and two clamping jaws is disclosed; the jaws are situated opposite one another on the main body and are guided in a displaceable manner toward one another and away from one another along a common axle. The adjustment of the clamping jaws is carried out via an adjusting spindle, which is supported so it can rotate in a central bearing housing and, on its end sections, has external threaded sections with opposite gradients, which are screwed into the clamping jaws.
DE 10 2013 104 467 A1 discloses a centric clamping device in which two clamping jaws that can be adjusted contrary to one another on a main body are guided in such a manner that they can be displaced. The clamping jaws can be adjusted via a threaded spindle that is supported so it can rotate in a middle bearing block.
DE 297 23 435 U1 discloses a centric clamping device with two linearly guided clamping slides that can be moved relative to one another. The adjustment of the clamping slides is carried out by a threaded spindle that is supported so it can rotate within a bearing block; the spindle has opposing threaded sections on its two ends for engagement with threaded nuts of two pistons.
From EP 1 688 219 A1 is known a clamping device with a first clamping jaw that is firmly situated on a main body and a second clamping jaw that is guided so it can be adjusted on the main body. The second clamping jaw can be adjusted by means of a screw spindle that is situated in a spindle recess of the main body. To avoid soiling, the spindle recess of the main body between the two clamping jaws is covered by a cover element over the entire adjustment section of the clamping jaws.
DE 10 2007 027 808 B3 concerns a clamping device in which the carriers of the clamping jaws are designed as half-shells that enclose the adjusting spindle.


A force sensing and exercise device for assessment and therapeutic usage is described herein. The force sensing device may include a registration plate, to form a ridge with a body part of a patient and provide a fixed point from which measurements are taken. The force sensing device allows for linear movement as a component of the measurement and the ability to vary exercise resistance continuously over an exercise range. Tactile and auditory feedback is provided to a patient to indicate than an exercise objective has been achieved.

Speech, language, and swallowing difficulties can result from a variety of causes including stroke, brain injury/deterioration, developmental delays/disorders, learning disabilities, cerebral palsy, cleft palate, voice pathology, mental retardation, hearing loss, or emotional problems, and the difficulties can be either congenital, developmental, or acquired.
Speech-language pathologists assess, diagnose, treat, and help to prevent disorders related to speech, language, cognitive-communication, voice, swallowing, and fluency. Treatment modalities may include range of motion and isometric exercises of oral mechanisms. In typical clinical practice, a patient performs isometric exercises against a tongue depressor that is held by a clinician.
As a result, diagnostic baseline data and therapeutic progress is measured by a subjective and qualitative assessment of force against the tongue depressor held by the clinician, or more specifically, the speech pathologist. These types of measurements are inaccurate because the perception of the exerted force against the tongue depressor is inexact and may vary from session to session. Furthermore, patients may be treated by different speech pathologists and thus the overall progress of the patient is subjectively assed by several clinicians.
Although the potential to obtain a reliable measure of tongue strength in multiple directions is described by U.S. Pat. No. 4,697,601 (Durke), devices such as those described by Durke remain too expensive and too cumbersome for clinical use. Durke describes a device using strain gauges to measure tongue force simultaneously in three directions by having an individual push against a tongue cup. A bifurcated tooth plate is fastened to the device, and serves as a means of patient registration (the physical connection between the patient and the fixed point against which measurements are taken). Otherwise, without the bifurcated tooth plate, if the therapist were simply to try and hold the device in place while the patient pushes against it then the therapist influence could easily be as great, or greater, than the effect tying to be measured.
Patient registration is a primary differentiation point between devices designed to measure tongue strength. Early attempts, such as those described by U.S. Pat. No. 4,585,012 (Rumburg), describe table mounted devices where an individual places their chin into a chin rest or a device strapped to a patient's head.
At the other end of the spectrum is the IOWA Oral Performance Instrument described by U.S. Pat. No. 5,119,831 (Robin), which provides no fixed means of patient registration. The clinician simply holds onto a tube placed into the patient's mouth, which has a pressure sensing bulb at its extreme end, that the patient compresses against another body part.
The IOWA Oral Performance Instrument is one of the few devices to be commercially available and has been studied by numerous authors. In clinical practice, it is most often used to measure the pressure an individual can exert against the roof (hard palate) of the patient's mouth. The measurement bulb may also be adhered to a lateral tongue bulb holder. Once adhered, the patient bites down on the holder to create a registration point for side-to-side (lateral) and sticking out the tongue (protrusion) measurements. Therefore, for lateral and protrusion measurements, the patient is required to not only push against the bulb but to simultaneously bite down to keep the device in place, just as would be required by the device described by Durke.
In order to get around the requirement that a patient simultaneously bite and push, U.S. Pat. No. 5,954,973 (Staehlin) and U.S. Pat. No. 6,702,765 (Robbins) both employ a mouth piece that substantially conforms to the patient's anatomy as a means of patient registration. U.S. Pat. No. 6,511,441 (Wakumoto) goes so far as to attach electrodes directly to the patient's hard palate. These customized mouth pieces are expensive to produce and expensive and time consuming for the therapist to employ in daily practice.
Therefore, present devices lack a simple and efficient means of providing patient registration that does not require the patient to simultaneously bite and push.
Unfortunately, a lack of an efficient means of patient registration is not the only deficiency of the devices described above. In almost all the devices, a patient is simply pushing against a "wall" without any sense of movement or work being done. This lack of movement leads to increased patient training needs (especially for those with tongue desensitization), and lack of motivation. It simply is not a fun and enjoyable exercise to repeatedly push against a wall.
Not only is there a lack of a motivational factor in the devices described above, the relevance of simply focusing on peak force (or duration that an individual can maintain 50% of the peak force, referred to as endurance), has been consistently questioned in literature and at clinical conferences.
The Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders Vol. 52, pages 367-387 November 1987 (Kent) suggests that maximum performance measures may not be relevant to speech because "speaking under ordinary circumstances does not tax the performance capabilities of the speech system." Although it has been more than 20 years since Kent called for a "second generation of speech production measures," the focus of most devices on peak measurement fails to meet the need of providing measurable objective exercise in the range actually utilized in speech production.
In addition, speech production can be effected by repeated use (saying words). However, there is little clinical correlation between real life fatigue and a patient's endurance based upon how long they can push their tongue against a wall. Additional measures are still needed.
U.S. Pat. No. 7,238,145 (Robbins) describes a means of adjusting exercise resistance. However, the adjustment is based on discrete (fixed) settings, rather than continuous (fractional values within a range). Additionally, there is limited feedback indicating exercise completion and difficulty in patient registration.

System and method for tongue force detection and exercise


The present disclosure relates to a 5G or pre-5G communication system to be provided to support a higher data transmission rate after a 4G communication system such as LTE. Disclosed is a method and device for providing a data service through a mobile communication network. The method of the present invention comprises the steps of: receiving a connection request message including a device identifier of a terminal which is not subscribed to a mobile communication network; determining, using the device identifier of the terminal, whether the terminal corresponds to a contract for using the mobile communication network; configuring the terminal to perform limited access to the mobile communication network according to the contract when the terminal corresponds to the contract for using the mobile communication network; and transmitting, to the terminal, a connection acceptance message granting the limited access.

To satisfy demands for wireless data traffic having increased since commercialization of 4th-Generation (4G) communication systems, efforts have been made to develop improved 5th-Generation (5G) communication systems or pre-5G communication systems. For this reason, the 5G communication system or the pre-5G communication system is also called a beyond-4G-network communication system or a post-Long Term Evolution (LTE) system.
To achieve a high data rate, implementation of the 5G communication system in an ultra-high frequency (mmWave) band (e.g., a 60 GHz band) is under consideration. In the 5G communication system, beamforming, massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO), full dimensional MIMO (FD-MIMO), an array antenna, analog beamforming, and large-scale antenna technologies have been discussed to alleviate a propagation path loss and to increase a propagation distance in the ultra-high frequency band.
For system network improvement, in the 5G communication system, techniques such as an evolved small cell, an advanced small cell, a cloud radio access network (RAN), an ultra-dense network, a device to device (D2D) communication, a wireless backhaul, a moving network, cooperative communication, coordinated multi-points (CoMPs), and interference cancellation have been developed.
In the 5G system, advanced coding modulation (ACM) schemes including hybrid frequency-shift keying (FSK) and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) modulation (FQAM) and sliding window superposition coding (SWSC), and advanced access schemes including filter bank multi carrier (FBMC), non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), and sparse code multiple access (SCMA) have been developed.
The LTE standards, 4G mobile communication of the 3rd-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), support sponsored data connectivity in which a service provider may pay a mobile communication fee for a terminal using a service. In the sponsored data connectivity standards, a sponsor makes a business contract with a mobile network operator and pays a mobile communication fee for a service of a specific application service provider (ASP) used by a subscriber. The sponsor and the ASP may be separate operators or an identical operator. The sponsor or the ASP exchange information about a policy and charging rules function (PCRF), a policy, and charging of an operator network through an application function (AF) of the 3GPP standards.
However, the sponsored data connectivity standards assume that users have already subscribed to a mobile network operator, thus failing to provide a technique for sponsoring a mobile communication fee for users or terminals not subscribing to a mobile communication network operated by the mobile network operator. Considering the recent increasing demands for portable terminals needing sponsored Internet connection, including portable electronic book terminals, the conventional sponsored data connectivity standards, which essentially need subscriptions to mobile network operators, do not sufficiently provide user convenience.

Method and device for providing data service through mobile communication network


An actuator assembly of a disc drive having an actuator arm rotatably mounted adjacent a data disc. The actuator arm has a top surface and a bottom surface, and includes a head gimbal assembly support portion located at one end of the actuator arm. The actuator assembly further includes an arm circuit fastened to the top surface of the actuator arm. The actuator assembly may additionally include a head gimbal assembly that electrically couples the data transducer and the arm circuit. The gimbal circuit is partially routed along the head gimbal assembly and over the top surface of the actuator arm. Alignment apertures on the arm circuit and the head gimbal circuit and alignment pins on the actuator arm may be used for positioning of the circuits over the top surface of the actuator arm.

The present invention relates to an actuator assembly for a disc drive, and more specifically to disc drives utilizing alignment pins and alignment apertures in xe2x80x9ctop-downxe2x80x9d assembly of actuator arm configurations.
Disc drives are data storage devices that store digital data in magnetic form on a storage medium on a rotating data disc. Modern disc drives comprise one or more rigid data discs that are coated with a magnetizable medium and mounted on the hub of a spindle motor for rotation at a constant high speed. An array of data transducers are mounted to an actuator arm and a servo system is used to move the actuator arm such that a particular transducer is positioned over a desired location for writing or reading information to and from the disc. During a write operation, the transducer writes data onto the disc and during a read operation the transducer senses the data previously written on the disc and transfers the information to an external environment.
There is a continuing push for disc drives with smaller physical dimensions. Smaller sized disc drives, however, are generally difficult to manufacture due to the complex assembly of conventional disc drives. Typical disc drives, for example, include a multiple arm housing that allows multiple head gimbal assemblies to be attached. A coil in a voice coil motor is generally attached to the housing by either adhesive bonding or overmolding. Moreover, a bearing cartridge and side mounted pre-amplifier circuit is also typically attached to the housing. Such arrangements tend to increase the physical size of conventional disc drives to greater than desirable dimensions.
Embodiments of the present invention solve the above and other problems by mounting an arm circuit in a xe2x80x9ctop-downxe2x80x9d configuration on the top or bottom surface of an actuator arm using alignment pins and alignment apertures. Thus, an embodiment generally involves an actuator assembly for reading and writing data from and to a data disc. The actuator assembly includes an actuator arm rotatably mounted adjacent the data disc. The actuator arm has a top surface and a bottom surface, and includes a head gimbal assembly support portion located at one end of the actuator arm. The actuator assembly includes an arm circuit fastened to the top surface of the actuator arm. The actuator assembly further includes an arm circuit alignment aperture on the arm circuit and an arm circuit alignment pin on the actuator arm. The arm circuit alignment aperture receives the arm circuit alignment pin for positioning of the arm circuit on the top surface of the actuator arm.
The actuator assembly includes a head gimbal assembly. The head gimbal assembly is fastened to the head gimbal assembly support portion of the actuator arm and contains a data transducer for writing and reading data to and from the data disc. Furthermore, the actuator assembly may include a gimbal circuit that electrically couples the data transducer and the arm circuit. The gimbal circuit is partially routed along the head gimbal assembly and over the top surface of the actuator arm. The actuator assembly in accordance with an embodiment also includes a gimbal circuit alignment aperture on the gimbal circuit and a gimbal circuit alignment pin on the actuator arm. The gimbal circuit alignment aperture receives the gimbal circuit alignment pin to position of the gimbal circuit accurately over and on the top surface of the actuator arm. The head gimbal assembly can then be swaged, laser-welded, or screw mounted to the actuator arm.
These and various other features as well as advantages, which characterize an embodiment of the present invention, will be apparent from a reading of the following detailed description and a review of the associated drawings.


When an exposed part of a semiconductor chip is reduced in size, a tendency of development of a crack on the semiconductor chip is suppressed. A pressure of injection of a resin MR into a second space creates a gap on a contact part SEL where an elastic film LAF and a semiconductor chip CHP1 are in contact, and a resin MR2 different in constituent from the resin MR infiltrates into the gap. As a result, in an area of semiconductor chip CHP1 that is exposed from the resin MR, the resin MR2 is formed in an area other than a flow detecting unit FDU and an area around it. Hence, an area of semiconductor chip CHP1 that is exposed from the resins MR and MR2 can be reduced in size.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Publication No. 2011-122984 (Patent Document 1) describes a technique of injecting a resin while clamping a base material carrying a semiconductor chip by a mold having an elastic film attached thereto, as a manufacturing method for a flow sensor in which a flow detecting unit that detects a flow of a gas (air) is partially exposed from a sealing body.
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Publication No. 2004-74713 (Patent Document 2) describes a technique of clamping a component by a mold having a mold-releasing film sheet attached thereto and injecting a resin, as a manufacturing method for a semiconductor package.

Flow sensor and manufacturing method for the same


Architecture that facilitates the broadcast of a custom signature message to one or more portable wireless devices that enter an associated area of coverage. A subscriber to the service pays a premium to have the rights to broadcast the custom message to all users who enter and/or leave the cell. The rights can be exclusive for a coverage area over an extended period of time. For example, a company can subscribe to broadcast a single message to all wireless users who enter a cell for a period of one year. Subscriber account information includes quality-of-service (QoS) data that indicates the highest level of service such that when a wireless device is detected as entering the cell, only the subscriber's message will be broadcast to all users for a brief time.

Wireless portable communication devices have become ubiquitous in everyday communications, whether the device is a cellular telephone, personal digital assistant (PDA), or simple messaging device, to name just a few. Cellular telephones are the mobile communications device of choice for which evolve an ever-increasing number of enhancements and services. Thus, competition for cellular users and the associated services is very competitive. Companies are continually striving to find more ways in which to leverage existing devices and systems for minimal cost.
One technology employed is messaging. Messaging can be accomplished according to several different technologies, including but not limited to SMS (Short Messaging Service) and the more advanced MMS (Multimedia Messaging Service). Using these technologies, companies can provide added value to existing and new telephones that allow users to generate and transmit short messages to another's mobile device.
However, what is needed is another way in which existing telecommunications infrastructure and devices can be leveraged at a modest cost.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.


The efficiency of an induction motor is improved while suppressing the generation of magnetic flux saturation of a rotor core. In an induction motor, “a magnetic path width of a rotor” which is the product of a circumferential width of a rotor tooth formed in the rotor and the number of rotor teeth is equal to or larger than “a magnetic path width of a stator” which is the product of a circumferential width of a stator tooth formed in the stator and the number of stator teeth.

1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to an induction motor, a compressor and a refrigerating cycle apparatus, and more particularly to a squirrel-cage-type induction motor, a compressor which includes the induction motor and a refrigerating cycle apparatus which includes the compressor.
2. Background Art
Conventionally, with respect to a squirrel-cage-type induction motor which includes a squirrel-cage-type rotor which is formed by housing a cage-shaped winding constituted by short circuiting both ends of a plurality of rod-shaped conductors using short circuiting rings in slots of a rotor core, and a stator core provided with a winding, there has been disclosed a squirrel-cage-type induction motor in which an axial length of the rotor core is larger than an axial length of the stator core (see JP-A-9-215286 (patent document 1) (pages 3 to 4, FIG. 1), for example).

Induction motor, compressor and refrigerating cycle apparatus


The present invention provides a method and apparatus for use with a hierarchical cache system. The method may include concurrently flushing one or more first caches and a second cache of a multi-level cache. Each first cache is smaller and at a lower level in the multi-level cache than the second level cache.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to processor-based systems, and, more particularly, to concurrent flushing of the multiple caches.
2. Description of the Related Art
Many processing devices utilize caches to reduce the average time required to access information stored in a memory. A cache is a smaller and faster memory that stores copies of instructions and/or data that are expected to be used relatively frequently. For example, central processing units (CPUs) are generally associated with a cache or a hierarchy of cache memory elements. Processors other than CPUs, such as, for example, graphics processing units and others, are also known to use caches. Instructions or data that are expected to be used by the CPU are moved from (relatively large and slow) main memory into the cache. When the CPU needs to read or write a location in the main memory, it first checks to see whether the desired memory location is included in the cache memory. If this location is included in the cache (a cache hit), then the CPU can perform the read or write operation on the copy in the cache memory location. If this location is not included in the cache (a cache miss), then the CPU needs to access the information stored in the main memory and, in some cases, the information can be copied from the main memory and added to the cache. Proper configuration and operation of the cache can reduce the latency of memory accesses below the latency of the main memory to a value close to the value of the cache memory.
One widely used architecture for a CPU cache memory is a hierarchical cache that divides the cache into two levels known as the L1 cache and the L2 cache. The L1 cache is typically a smaller and faster memory than the L2 cache, which is smaller and faster than the main memory. The CPU first attempts to locate needed memory locations in the L1 cache and then proceeds to look successively in the L2 cache and the main memory when it is unable to find the memory location in the cache. The L1 cache can be further subdivided into separate L1 caches for storing instructions (L1-I) and data (L1-D). The L1-I cache can be placed near entities that require more frequent access to instructions than data, whereas the L1-D can be placed closer to entities that require more frequent access to data than instructions. The L2 cache is typically associated with both the L1-I and L1-D caches and can store copies of instructions or data that are retrieved from the main memory. Frequently used instructions are copied from the L2 cache into the L1-I cache and frequently used data can be copied from the L2 cache into the L1-D cache. The L2 cache is therefore referred to as a unified cache.
Caches are typically flushed prior to powering down the CPU. Flushing includes writing back modified or "dirty" cache lines to the main memory and invalidating all of the lines in the cache. Microcode can be used to sequentially flush different cache elements in the CPU cache. For example, in conventional processors that include an integrated L2 cache, microcode first flushes the L1 cache by writing dirty cache lines into main memory. Once flushing of the L1 cache is complete, the microcode flushes the L2 cache by writing dirty cache lines into the main memory.

Method for concurrent flush of L1 and L2 caches


A system includes one or more memory devices storing instructions, and one or more processors configured to execute the instructions to perform steps of a method for providing network security. The system may receive customer credentials in association with an attempted transaction initiated by a user device that is connected to a local network. The system may receive network identification data associated with the local network and generate a network confidence score based on the network identification data and a historical local network footprint. The system may determine a security action based on the network confidence score.

Electronic transactions such as money transfers, bill payments, and purchases are commonly initiated using a remote device via the Internet. Although financial service providers typically require login credentials to authenticate the identity of a user attempting to initiate such a transaction, those login credentials can be compromised by hacking, identify theft, and other such means. In response, financial service providers may attempt to provide additional means of authenticating a user, such as attempting to verify that the user is initiating the transaction using a known and/or commonly used device or network.
For example, a financial service provider may detect and track the external Internet Protocol (IP) address, Basic Service Set Identifier (BSSID), or Service Set Identifier (SSID) of a device or network over the course of multiple transactions to determine whether there is consistency in the device and/or network that is being used to initiate the transactions in association with the particular customer login credentials. If the system detects that the user is attempting to login from a device or network that is unknown or not commonly used, then the system may determine that there is an increased potential that the attempt to initiate the transaction may be fraudulent. However, this additional method of attempting to assess the legitimacy of the device/network/transaction may be insufficient, because external IP addresses, BSSIDs, and SSIDs may easy to spoof or may be fooled by the presence of a virtual private network (VPN) or other such means of obfuscating or misrepresenting the identity of the network used by the remote device, allowing scammers to impersonate the device and/or network to circumvent this additional security check.
Accordingly, there is a need for improved systems and methods for providing network security by estimating the authenticity of a local network used by a device to initiate a remote transaction or login to an account. Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to this and other considerations.

Systems and methods for estimating authenticity of local network of device initiating remote transaction


To make it possible to easily and accurately form a cutout indicative of the presence of a code in printed matter. An apparatus according to the present invention includes a unit configured to determine a position of attachment of a code including voice information in an image and an attaching unit configured to attach a mark in a position based on the determined position of code attachment in the image, wherein the mark indicates a position to be cut out from a sheet, on a side of which the image and the attached mark are to be printed and a cutout caused by the cutting indicates a position of code attachment.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an image forming apparatus capable of handling a code and a control method thereof.
2. Description of the Related Art
For example, it is possible for a two-dimensional code to include a by far larger amount of information per printed area compared to a general character string having the same printed area, and therefore, the two-dimensional code begins to be used widely also as information transmission means in a variety of fields. In recent years, for example, it is put to practical use to optically read a QR code (registered trademark) printed on printed matter by a camera of a mobile telephone etc., to decode the code, and to read the coded character string aloud. It can be said that the reading aloud technology of decoded results such as this is a convenient technology for the visually impaired.
However, it is difficult for the visually impaired to accurately grasp which part of the printed matter a code is included in and besides that, it is difficult to know even the fact itself that a code is included in the printed matter.
To solve the former problem, the apparatus that enables accurate reading of a two-dimensional code printed on printed matter by a comparatively simple operation has been proposed (see Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2009-087306).
To solve the latter problem, it has been stipulated that a cutout be formed in printed matter to which a code is attached so that it is possible for the visually impaired to immediately recognize that a code is attached to the printed matter in the field of the two-dimensional code called, for example, a voice code. It has been also stipulated that a voice code be printed without exception in the bottom-right corner of a document and a cutout be also provided without exception in the vicinity thereof, thereby allowing the presence and the position of the voice code to be grasped by the cutout (with regard to the voice code, see Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-076959).
As described above, for the voice code, for example, there is a rule to print a voice code in a specified position of printed matter on which a code is printed and to form a cutout indicative of the presence of the voice code in the vicinity thereof. Because of this, a cutout is formed manually in printed matter after printing by a dedicated tool or printing is performed using a sheet provided with a cutout in advance.
In these circumstances, for example, in the case where a cutout is formed manually, such a problem may arise that a voice code cannot be read correctly because of formation of the cutout in an erroneous position.
Further, in the case of the voice code, the number of cutouts to be formed differs depending on whether the voice code is printed on both sides or only on one side of printed matter, and therefore, it is necessary to check each time how the voice code is printed at the time of forming a cutout. This is a task that requires a very large amount of effort and time.
Such a problem may commonly occur in the case where there is a similar rule for a code other than the voice code.

Apparatus, method, and image forming apparatus