A constant velocity universal joint including a housing having a plurality of longitudinally extending channels has an inner rotatable member having a plurality of radially disposed trunnions, each of which extends into a respective one of the channels. A ball and socket joint, including a ball member and a socket member, is disposed intermediate each trunnion and the housing. A bearing is located between each trunnion and the respective ball member to permit relatively frictionless axial movement between the trunnion and the respective ball member. The bearing includes a generally rectangularly shaped cage retaining a plurality of needle rollers on at least two of the sides of the cage. The central longitudinal axes of the needle rollers are disposed normally to the direction of axial movement of the trunnion with respect to the respective ball member.

Constant velocity universal joints (CVJ) are known in the art, as illustrated by commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No.4,840,600 to White et al., and the patents cited therein. As noted in the aforementioned commonly assigned U.S. patent, CVJs are used, for instance, in the transaxle of the front wheel drive system of a motor vehicle in which the engine transfers power through a transmission to the front wheels of the vehicle. In the aforementioned patent, as illustrated particularly in FIGS. 3-4 of that patent, one type of known CVJ utilizes a three-lobed housing, in which an inner rotatable member has three equi-angularly spaced, radially extending trunnions, each of which extends into one of the three lobes of the housing. Each trunnion supports a spherical ball and socket assembly positioned intermediate the trunnion and the housing to provide universal movement of the trunnion within the housing. Recirculating needle bearings are arranged between the socket and the housing to provide substantially frictionless axial movement between the housing and the rotatable member. This CVJ may be characterized as a recirculating needle CVJ.
Other similar CVJs are illustrated in each of U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,192,154 to Nakamora et al; 4,684,356 to Kamata et al; and 4,580,995 to Orain, each of which is cited in the aforementioned U.S. Pat. No. 4,840,600 to White et al.
In the known constructions and in the art in general a deficiency exists in the CVJ. In most known constant velocity joints, at the interface between the outer surface of the trunnion and the inner surface of the ball member disposed between the trunnion and the housing, there is sliding friction contact between the ball member and the trunnion. Of the known CVJs, only that of the aforementioned Orain patent discloses an antifriction bearing positioned at the aforesaid interface. However, the antifriction bearing disclosed in the Orain patent facilitates only frictionless movement of the trunnion with respect to the ball member in a direction parallel to the sliding axis of the CVJ. In the axial direction of movement between the ball member and the trunnion, a sliding friction interface still exists. At this sliding friction interface, the possibility exists for a "slip-stick" motion of the ball member as it translates axially relative to the trunnion. This slip-stick motion may create a roughness in the CVJ, which translates into a roughness or shudder potential in the automotive vehicle during operation.
It would be desirable, therefore, to reduce or eliminate entirely this potential slip-stick motion in a CVJ, as well as other potential vibration or resonance-inducing motions of the CVJ.

Friction reduced constant velocity universal joint


A fan assembly includes a chassis and a fan bracket secured in the chassis. The chassis has a bottom wall. The fan bracket includes a first sidewall and a second sidewall perpendicular to the bottom wall, and it is configured for securing the fans. A securing flange extends from an edge of the first sidewall, and is secured to the bottom wall of the chassis. A plurality of securing slots is defined in the securing flange. A plurality of first members engages in the securing slots and isolates the bottom wall of the chassis from the securing flange.

1. Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to fan assemblies with vibration absorbing members.
2. Description of Related Art
Heat dissipating devices perform the critical function of removing heat from a computer system. The heat dissipating device often includes one or more fans received in a bracket. For example, in a server system, a plurality of fans is provided to efficiently dissipate heat. The fans are secured to a bracket, and the bracket is mounted in a server enclosure. When the server system is running, vibration generated by the disk drive or other devices secured in the server system is transferred to the server enclosure and the bracket. The fans can be adversely affected by the vibration, such that heat dissipation efficiency is impaired.

Fan assembly with vibration absorbing member

Hong Fu Jin Precision Industry (ShenZhen) Co., Ltd.


Embodiments include herein are directed towards a method for static timing analysis. Embodiments included herein may include providing, using at least one processor, a database of predefined script tags and causing a display of a script at a graphical user interface. Embodiments may also include receiving an insertion of at least one tag from the database within the script and generating one or more timing reports based upon, at least in part, the script and the at least one tag.

Static timing analysis ("STA") is a method to assess the timing of any given digital circuit using software techniques and certain models that provide relevant characteristics of the digital circuit. High-performance integrated circuits have traditionally been characterized by the clock frequency at which they operate. Measuring the ability of a circuit to operate at the specified speed may require an ability to measure, during the design process, its delay at numerous steps. Moreover, any delay calculation should be incorporated into the inner loop of timing optimizers at various phases of design, such as logic synthesis, layout (e.g., placement and routing), and in in-place optimizations performed late in the design cycle. While such timing measurements may theoretically be performed using a rigorous circuit simulation, such an approach is likely to be too slow to be practical. Static timing analysis plays a vital role in facilitating the fast and reasonably accurate measurement of circuit timing. The speedup comes from the use of simplified timing models and by generally ignoring logical interactions in circuits. This has become a mainstay of design over the last few decades.

System and method for performing static timing analysis of electronic circuit designs using a tag-based approach


A fuel vapor purging method controls fuel vapor purging during stratified operation. Several factors influence vapor purge control, including fuel vapor concentration in the cylinder and temperature of the emission control device. The fuel vapor passes through the cylinder unburned by maintaining the concentration within allowable limits. The unburned fuel vapor reacts exothermically in the emission control device thereby generating heat. To guarantee that the fuel vapor reacts in the first emission control device, the fuel vapor purge is restricted to a certain temperature range. To guarantee that the fuel vapor does not burn in the cylinder, the concentration is kept to a restricted value.

In direct injection spark ignition engines, the engine operates at or near wide-open throttle during stratified air/fuel operation in which the combustion chambers contain stratified layers of different air/fuel mixtures. The strata closest to the spark plug contains a stoichiometric mixture or a mixture slightly rich of stoichiometry, and subsequent strata contain progressively leaner mixtures. The engine may also operate in a homogeneous mode of operation with a homogeneous mixture of air and fuel generated in the combustion chamber by early injection of fuel into the combustion chamber during its intake stroke. Homogeneous operation may be either lean of stoichiometry, at stoichiometry, or rich of stoichiometry.
Direct injection engines are also coupled to conventional three-way catalytic converters to reduce CO, HC, and NOx. When operating at air/fuel mixtures lean of stoichiometry, a NOx trap or catalyst is typically coupled downstream of the three-way catalytic converter to further reduce NOx.
Direct injection engines are also coupled to fuel vapor recovery systems to allow purging of fuel vapors. Conventional systems allow fuel vapor purging in the stratified mode only when the catalyst temperature is high enough to convert the unburned hydrocarbons. In other words, since the fuel vapor is inducted with the fresh charge, it forms a homogenous air/fuel mixture. Then, when the fuel is directly injected during the compression stroke to form a stratified mixture, only the stratified fuel burns since the homogenous fuel vapor mixture is too lean. Therefore, unburned fuel vapor may exit the engine cylinder. In some circumstances, to remove these vapors, the catalytic converter may have to be above a certain temperature, known to those skilled in the art as the light-off temperature. Therefore, fuel vapor purging during the stratified mode is restricted until the catalyst has reached this light-off temperature. Such a method is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,245,975.
The inventor herein has recognized a disadvantage with the above approach. When operating in the stratified mode, less heat is generated to increase or maintain catalyst or NOx trap temperature. Thus, it takes a long time after a cold start before purging is allowed. Also, with some catalyst formulations and catalyst configurations, the catalyst may not maintain this light-off temperature during certain conditions and purging is only possible in the homogeneous mode, thereby reducing fuel economy and allowable purge time. In other words, when operating in the stratified mode, catalyst or NOx trap temperature may fall below the light-off temperature, preventing purge and thereby limiting stratified operation.

Engine control method with multiple emission control devices


An illuminable electronic connector for facilitating connection with an electronic device has an illumination circuit with at least one illumination source, and an on-board power source for supplying power to the illumination source in at least some modes of operation. The connector may be configured to adjust brightness of the illumination source based on ambient light conditions using an on-board light sensor. A touch sensing input may also be provided to operate the illumination source. The connector may be further operable to enter a sleep mode when it enters a shipping phase of a supply chain and then to automatically activate the illumination source when it is unpackaged at the end of the shipping phase. An electronic device including an electronic visual interface, such as a mobile phone, may be also operated in a similar manner based on the phase of the device within a supply chain.

Connectable electronic devices such as desktop computers, laptop computers, tablet computers, smart phones, e-readers, speakers and the like, are typically capable of connection to other electronic devices or power sources via connectors such as cable connectors. For example, portable electronic devices having rechargeable batteries are typically charged by connecting the battery to an external power source via a charging connector. In a wired configuration, the charging connector needs to be physically coupled to the electronic device and to the power source. Physical coupling between the connector and the electronic device or the power source is normally achieved by connecting a connection element/interface of the connector to a corresponding port of the electronic device or power source. Existing interface types for connectors include, for example: Universal Serial Bus (USB), High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI), DisplayPort, Ethernet, Apple™ Lightning, Thunderbolt, Firewire, Serial AT Attachment (SATA) and eSATA, and HDBaseT.
Electronic connectors, such as charging or other cable connectors can be difficult to locate in low light or dark environments. Furthermore, achieving physical connection between the device connection element and the corresponding port of the electronic device can be a cumbersome task in such conditions. Many connection types are "keyed" which exacerbates this difficulty by requiring a specific orientation between the device connection element and the electronic device. Such difficulties present a need for an illuminated connector that can be located and that facilitates connection with the electronic device in low light conditions.
This need has prompted the development of illuminated charging connectors and cables, for example that include an illumination source configured to facilitate location and/or connection with an electronic device. The illumination source is usually powered by an external power source when the connector is connected to the same. Such connectors typically suffer from their own shortcomings, however. For example, an illuminated connector in a dark environment can be uncomfortable to some users, particularly when the level of illumination is too high. Also, requiring connection with an external power source can limit the usability of the illumination feature to certain locations. Conversely, when a cable is not plugged into a power source it will provide no illumination making it difficult to find in the dark.
It would be beneficial to improve the functionality of illuminated connectors and/or associated electronic devices to enhance usability or user satisfaction.
In this specification where reference has been made to patent specifications, other external documents, or other sources of information, this is generally for the purpose of providing a context for discussing the features of the invention. Unless specifically stated otherwise, reference to such external documents is not to be construed as an admission that such documents, or such sources of information, in any jurisdiction, are prior art, or form part of the common general knowledge in the art.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an illuminated connector, or to provide circuits, devices, systems and/or methods that alleviates some of the shortcomings of existing connectors or electronic devices mentioned herein, or to at least provide the public with a useful choice.

Illuminated charging connector or device and electronic device or system operable based on packaging status


A device is provided for reducing the number of ECG data sample points presented to a video display system to avoid overwhelming the video display screen with a number of ECG sample points and to present several seconds of data on the screen at the same time. The device ensures that the maximum and minimum values of the original ECG signal are displayed. A collection of consecutive points is broken into sub-groups which are each processed to produce representative amplitude values for each sub-group which representative values are then displayed on the display screen.. In the preferred embodiment, the device includes a microprocessor with electronic memory which calculates a representative amplitude value for each sub-group. The representative amplitude value is chosen depending on whether the sub-group contains a local maximum or a minimum in the values of consecutively sampled points or whether the data points of the sub-group are part of a curve leading to a local maximum or minimum. If the local minimum or maximum value of the sub-group appear between the end points of the sub-group, the maximum or minimum value of the sub-group is passed to the output depending on whether the curve is convex or concave shaped respectively.

1. Field of the Invention
The instant invention relates to a device for reducing the number of sample points presented to a video display device from a sampling system and more particularly to a device for reducing the number of sample points passed from an ECG processing system to a video display device while preserving the maximum and minimum values of the amplitudes of the ECG signal without causing distortion in the representative ECG signal.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In order to facilitate digital signal processing, the analog ECG signal produced by the heart and detected by an appropriate ECG detecting device is converted into a digital signal representative of the analog ECG signal. This digital signal is produced by sampling the analog ECG signal at prespecified time increments and recording the amplitude of the analog ECG signal at the particular time points. The greater the number of sample points measured per unit time, the greater the resolution of the corresponding digital signal. In particular, in order to accurately record the maximum and minimum amplitudes of the QRS portion of an signal, a high sample rate, typically 500 samples per second is used. It has been found that in the interval of one five hundredth of a second, the variation in the amplitude of the QRS signal is quite small. As a result, at a sample rate of 500 samples per second, the maximum and minimum amplitudes of the QRS signal are closely reproduced.
In typical video display devices, the graphic display screen consists of a display matrix having dimensions of 1000 pixels by 512 pixels. On such screens, it has been found useful to display about 9 seconds of ECG signals continuously on the screen for diagnostic purposes. If the EGG signal sampled at 500 samples per second is reproduced on such a display screen where the one thousand pixel axis corresponds to the time axis and if each sampled data point is reproduced on the display screen by an appropriately placed pixel, only two seconds worth of data could be displayed instead of the desired 9 seconds. Simple arithmetic shows that if 9 seconds worth of data points are to be displayed along the one thousands pixel time axis on the display screen, the number of data points presented to the display screen must be about 111 data points per second. Further arithmetic shows that if the rate of sending data points representative of the sampled ECG signal to the video display device of 500 data points per second is reduced by factor 2/9, this yields the desired display rate of about 111 data points per second. 111 data points per second will produce slightly more than 9 seconds worth of data on the display screen at one time.
FIG. 1 shows an ECG signal sampled at 500 samples per second. By comparison, FIG. 2 shows the same ECG signal sample at 111 samples per second. As can be seen, the lower sample rate produces an ECG trace with a reduced amplitude on the QRS complex.
In view of the foregoing, it is highly desirable to sample the analog ECG signal at a high sample rate such as 500 samples per second in order to accurately determine the maximum and minimum amplitudes of the QRS signals of an ECG signal. At the same time, it is highly desirable to send data points to the video display system at a reduced rate, as for example 2/9 of the sample rate of 500 data points per second, in order to present several seconds worth of sampling data on the display screen. Therefore, it is highly desirable to produce a device which converts the data collected at a high sample rate to data passed to the video display system at a lower rate while preserving an accurate representation of the originally monitored ECG signal. Specifically, it is highly desirable for the ECG trace produced by the video display system from data points passed to the video display system at a lower rate than the original sample rate of the ECG signal to accurately reproduce the maximum and minimum values of the ECG signal, particularly the QRS part of the ECG signal, despite the fact that fewer data points are used to represent the ECG signal.

Device and method for reducing number of data sample points sent to a video display system


A method for soft remodulation in a receiver of transmissions over a wireless telecommunication system, the method including obtaining from a FEC decoder a-posteriori LLR values, converting the a-posteriori LLR values into bit probabilities and computing improved soft symbols estimates as expected values using the bit probabilities in a recursive algorithm. Preferably, the step of converting is implemented using a pre-computed Look Up Table (LUT). Preferably, the step of computing is implemented in a Multiplier-Accumulator having a SIMD structure.

Modern communication systems, especially wireless communication systems, in order to provide enhanced performance in terms of packet error rate (PER) over selective fading communications channels, make use of advanced iterative equalization and decoding techniques. These schemes may include Turbo Equalization (TEQ) when a single stream (SISO) is transmitted and received, and Parallel or Successive Interference Cancellation (PIC or SIC, respectively), when multiple streams are transmitted and detected over MIMO (Multiple In Multiple Out) channels. In all the above iterative equalization and decoding schemes, when deployed in the receiver, all except the 1st iteration make use of the improved LLRs (Log Likelihood Ratios) obtained from the FEC (Forward Error Correcting) decoder output at the end of the previous iteration(s). This feedback information, improved LLR stream, is used to eventually compute estimated QAM symbols corresponding to the stream. These estimated QAM symbols, in combination with an estimated channel matrix, provide a basis for estimating and removing the interference caused by the stream from the received signal on the next iteration of equalization and decoding.
The aforementioned estimation of QAM symbols, or soft-modulation, includes computing probabilities from LLRs for each transmitted bit, then computing 'soft' QAM symbols from each K bit probabilities, with M=2K being the constellation order (K=2 for QPSK, K=4 for 16QAM, K=6 for 64 QAM, K=8 for 256QAM). A straight-forward approach to the soft modulation would involve a computational complexity growing exponentially with K (linearly in M). Since soft modulation is performed on each iteration of TEQ/SIC/PIC, there is a clear need for a reduced complexity algorithm for converting bit probabilities to soft QAM symbols.

Method for soft modulation in a wireless telecommunication network


Samples are printed on print media with at least first and second marking engines. A first lightness value of a solid area of a first sample printed with the first marking engine and a second lightness value of a solid area of a second sample printed with the second marking engine are determined. The first and second solid area lightness values are compared to one another. Based on the comparison, a lighter marking engine and a darker marking engine are identified. Tone reproduction curve of the lighter marking engine is adjusted to substantially match tone reproduction curve of the darker marking engine.

The present exemplary embodiment relates to printing systems. It finds particular application in conjunction with adjusting image quality in print or marking systems with multiple marking engines. However, it is to be appreciated that the present exemplary embodiment is also amenable to other like applications.
Document processing systems that include a plurality of marking engines provide increased production speed. In such systems, quality of printing from one engine to another is of great concern. Subtle changes that may be unnoticed in the output of a single marking engine can be highlighted in the output of a multi-engine marking system. For example, the facing pages of an opened booklet rendered or printed by a multi-engine printing system can be printed by different engines. For instance, the left-hand page in an open booklet may be printed by a first print engine while the right-hand page is printed by a second print engine. The first print engine may be printing images in a manner slightly darker than the ideal and well within a single engine tolerance; while the second print engine may be printing images in a manner slightly lighter than the ideal and also within the single engine tolerance. While an observer might not ever notice the subtle variations when reviewing the output of either engine alone, when the combined output is compiled and displayed adjacently, the variation in intensity from one marking engine to another may become noticeable and be perceived as an issue of quality by a user.
More problems arise in the multi-engine systems which include a mix of color and monochrome marking engines. The image quality in the product produced by monochrome and color printers may differ due to several factors. For example, the color printers are typically darker, produce more gloss, and characterized by higher halftone frequency. One approach to improve image consistency between color and monochrome engines is to reduce the gamut of the color marking engine to match closely the gamut of the monochrome marking engine. However, in such approach, the color intensity of the color printer is also reduced.
There is a need for methods and apparatuses that overcome the aforementioned problems and others.

Maximum gamut strategy for the printing systems


Disclosed herein is an aging resistance coating film for a hub, sequentially comprising an aluminum alloy matrix, a silane conversion film, a high-gloss organic resin coating, a periodic variable alloy black chromium coating film and a transparent resin coating. In the coating film, the thickness of the black chromium coating film is increased and the blackness thereof is adjusted according to different content of C. The residual stress of the deposited metal layer is reduced, the problem of cracking during heating and rapid cooling of the coating film is solved, and the binding force between the coating film and the underlying high-gloss resin material is improved. Also disclosed herein is a method for forming an aging resistance coating film for a hub, comprising: (1) silane pretreatment, (2) spraying of high-gloss medium powder, (3) PVD coating, and (4) spraying of transparent powder.

Vapor deposition surface treatment methods include evaporation, plasma multi-arc sputtering, magnetron sputtering and reactive sputtering. Magnetron sputtering is widely used in the manufacturing industry of automotive parts. Automotive hubs using magnetron sputtering as surface decoration have been applied and promoted in the after-market. The characteristic of magnetron sputtering is to make the surface of a part achieve the metallic mirror gloss decoration effect. By combining with conventional coating, not only is the part attractive, but also the coating performance can meet the automotive factory standards.
Magnetron sputtering is a method that the working gas is ionized in a vacuum chamber, the ionized ions bombard a metal target at a high speed under the mixed field action of an electric field and a magnetic field and the metal atoms or ions on the target sputter out and are deposited on the surface of a workpiece. This method can achieve a new effect of metallic appearance of a glossy mirror, and is environment-friendly and low in cost. The target may be a non-magnetic metal, a non-metal or an alloy. According to the corrosion resistance standard of a main engine plant coating, an appropriate metal or alloy is selected to meet the requirements for surface corrosion resistance, weather resistance, decorativeness and the like. The surface of the aluminum alloy cast hub is relatively rough and cannot be directly coated to form a smooth and bright coating film, so an organic coating must be sprayed onto the hub, and then a metal film is sputtered on the bright organic coating. In order to prolong the long-term gloss of the metal coating film, a transparent powder coating is sprayed onto the coating film, so that the coating film material achieves good binding force with the upper and lower organic coatings. The coating film itself must also have high corrosion resistance.
There are three types of magnetron sputtering methods: I, a black transparent paint is sprayed onto the bright white metal coating film to achieve a bright black chromium appearance; II, black high-gloss resin is sprayed onto the metal coating film to reduce the thickness of the coating film, so that the coating film is translucent, transmits the underlying black and is black and bright; the above two methods have respective advantages and disadvantages: in the first method, the color transparent paint easily produces color aberration, the black transparent paint is different in thickness and color, and the black transparent coating generally has a thickness of 10-30 microns, is poor in protection on the coating film and cannot achieve long-term use standards; and in the second method, the translucent coating film cannot completely cover the underlying resin, and long-term exposure and ultraviolet aging lead to interlayer adhesion failure.

Aging resistance coating film for hub and method for forming protective film


A pixel, an organic light emitting display including the same, and a driving method thereof, in which a gradation is represented using the frequency characteristic of an organic light emitting diode. The organic light emitting display includes a plurality of pixels which are connected by a plurality of scan lines for supplying scan signals, a plurality of data lines for supplying data signals, and a plurality of power source lines, each pixel having: a frequency supplying line through which a frequency signal corresponding to a sub-frame is supplied; a pixel circuit outputting a current corresponding to an output obtained by applying a logical operation to a corresponding one of the data signals and the frequency signal; and an organic light emitting diode for emitting light based on the current outputted from the pixel circuit. With this configuration, a desired gradation can be represented using the frequency characteristic of the organic light emitting diode on the basis of the sum of various brightness depending on a digital data signal and frequency signals that are different per sub-frame.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an organic light emitting display, and more particularly, to a pixel, an organic light emitting display including the same, and a driving method thereof, in which a gradation is represented using the frequency characteristic of an organic light emitting diode.
2. Discussion of Related Art
Recently, various flat panel displays have been developed as alternatives to a relatively heavy and bulky cathode ray tube (CRT) display. The flat panel display includes a liquid crystal display (LCD), a field emission display (FED), a plasma display panel (PDP), a light emitting diode (LED) display, etc.
Among the flat panel displays, the light emitting diode display can emit light for itself by electron-hole recombination to allow a fluorescent layer thereof to emit the light. The light emitting diode display can be classified into an inorganic light emitting diode display and an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display according to materials and structures thereof. Here, the organic light emitting diode display can also be referred to as an organic light emitting display or an electroluminescent display.
Unlike the liquid crystal display (LCD) requiring a separate light source, an organic light emitting display has an advantage of fast response time like the CRT display.
FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a pixel provided in a conventional organic light emitting display.
Referring to FIG. 1, a pixel 11 of a conventional organic light emitting display is disposed in a region where a scan line Sn intersects (or crosses) a data line Dm. The pixel 11 is selected when a scan signal is applied to the scan line Sn, and emits light based on a data signal applied to the data line Dm.
The pixel 11 is connected to a first power source VDD and a second power source VSS, and includes an organic light emitting diode OLED and a pixel circuit 40.
The organic light emitting diode OLED includes an anode electrode connected to the pixel circuit 40, and a cathode electrode connected to the second power source VSS.
The organic light emitting diode OLED includes an emitting layer, an electron transport layer, and a hole transport layer, which are interposed between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode. Additionally, the organic light emitting diode OLED may include an electron injection layer, and a hole injection layer. In this organic light emitting diode OLED, when a voltage is applied between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode, electrons emitted from the cathode electrode are moved to the emitting layer via the electron injection layer and the electron transport layer, and holes generated from the anode electrode are moved to the emitting layer via the hole injection layer and the hole transport layer. Then, the electrons from the electron transport layer and the holes from the hole transport layer are collided and recombined with each other in the emitting layer, thereby emitting the light.
The pixel circuit 40 includes a first transistor M1, a second transistor M2, and a capacitor C. Here, each of the second transistor M2 and the first transistor M1 includes a p-type metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET). Also, the second power source VSS has a lower voltage level than the first power source VDD. For example, the second power source VSS has a ground voltage level.
The first transistor M1 includes a gate electrode connected to the scan line Sn, a source electrode connected to the data line Dm, a drain electrode connected to a first node N1. Here, the first transistor M1 supplies the data signal from the data line Dm to the first node N1 in response to the scan signal supplied to the scan line Sn.
The capacitor C stores a voltage corresponding to the data signal applied to the first node N1 via the first transistor M1 while the scan signal is supplied to the scan line Sn, and then keeps the second transistor M2 turned on when the first transistor M1 is turned off.
The second transistor M2 includes a gate electrode connected to the first node N1 to which the drain electrode of the first transistor M1 and the capacitor C are connected in common, a source electrode connected to the first power source VDD, and a drain electrode connected to the anode electrode of the organic light emitting diode OLED. Here, the second transistor M2 adjusts the amount of current in correspondence to the data signal supplied from the data line Dm and applied to the organic light emitting diode OLED. Thus, the organic light emitting diode OLED emits light based on the current supplied from the first power source VDD via the second transistor M2.
The pixel 11 operates as follows. First, while the scan signal of a low state is applied to the scan line Sn, the first transistor M1 is turned on. Then, the data signal is supplied from the data line Dm to the gate electrode of the second transistor M2 via the first transistor M1 and the first node N1. At this time, the capacitor C stores a voltage corresponding to the voltage difference between the gate electrode of the second transistor M2 and the first power source VDD.
Thus, the second transistor M2 is turned on by the voltage applied to the first node N1, and supplies the current corresponding to the data signal to the organic light emitting diode OLED. Hence, the organic light emitting diode OLED emits light based on the current applied from the second transistor M2, thereby displaying an image.
Then, while the scan signal of a high state is applied to the scan line Sn, the second transistor M2 is kept being turned on by the voltage corresponding to the data signal stored in the capacitor C, so that the organic light emitting diode OLED emits light and displays an image in one frame.
Further, a conventional organic light emitting display additionally may include a compensation circuit (not shown) to compensate for the non-uniformity of the threshold voltages of a plurality of second transistors (e.g., the second transistor M2) due to a manufacturing process. However, although the conventional organic light emitting display may include the compensation circuit to operate in an offset compensation manner or a current programming manner, there is still a limit to display an image with uniform brightness.

Pixel, organic light emitting display comprising the same, and driving method thereof


A module includes a circuit board, a resin layer, an external connection conductor, a solder bump. The resin layer is disposed on a first principal surface of the circuit board. The external connection conductor is arranged in the resin layer, has a first end connected to the circuit board and a second end protruding through the surface of the resin layer and includes a projection extending along the surface of the resin layer in a portion that protrudes through the surface of the resin layer. The solder bump is disposed on the second end of the external connection conductor.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a module including an external connection conductor for used in external connection and a method of manufacturing the module.
2. Description of the Related Art
There is a known module that includes an external connection conductor for use in external connection, as illustrated in FIG. 7 (see, for example, paragraph Nos. 0005 to 0008 and 0012 and FIG. 16 in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2001-94033). The module 100 includes a circuit board 101 with wiring electrodes formed inside and on its surface, components 102 mounted on a first principal surface of the circuit board 101, external connection conductors 103 for use in external connection, and a resin layer 104 disposed near the first principal surface of the circuit board 101 and covering the components 102 and the external connection conductors 103. The external connection conductors 103 have first ends connected to the circuit board 101 and stand on the first principal surface of the circuit board 101. The external connection conductors 103 have second end faces exposed through the surface of the resin layer 104, and solder balls 105 are formed on their respective second end faces. The external connection conductors 103 and an external mother board or other element are connected to each other through the solder balls 105, and the module 100 and the mother board are electrically connected to each other.
In the above-described known module 100, the second end face of each of the external connection conductors 103 and the surface of the resin layer 104 lie in the same plane, that is, the second end face of the external connection conductor 103 and the surface of the resin layer 104 are flush with each other, as illustrated in FIG. 7. Thus, for example, if an external stress or an internal stress, such as the one caused by heat, is exerted on the module 100 in a state where the module 100 is connected to an external mother board, the stress concentrates on the interface between the external connection conductor 103 and the solder ball 105. That is, the stress-concentrated portion and the interface overlap with each other.
The external connection conductor 103 and the solder ball 105 are considered to be connected to each other with an intermetallic compound formed by interdiffusion of the conductive material of the external connection conductor 103 and the solder in the above-described interface. This intermetallic compound typically has a low mechanical strength and is fragile. Thus if an external stress or an internal stress, such as the one caused by heat, is exerted on the module 100 in a state where the module 100 is connected to a mother board or other element, the connection between the external connection conductor 103 and the solder ball 105 may be cracked or ruptured from the interface between them as a starting point. This leads to a problem in connection reliability.

Module and method of manufacturing the same


The urine analyzer 10 includes a sample preparation unit 30 for mixing a urine sample with a hemolytic agent to prepare a measurement sample, a flow cell 41 for flowing a measurement sample, a light source 42 for irradiating light on the measurement sample flowing through the flow cell 41, a light receiving unit 50 for receiving scattered light given off from the measurement sample by irradiation of light and outputting a scattered light signal, and an analysis unit 12 for detecting fat particles in the measurement sample by using a parameter reflecting the intensity of the scattered light signal output by the light receiving unit 50, and a parameter reflecting the width of the scattered light signal.

Various diseases can be diagnosed by counting and classifying tangible components in urine. For example, it is known that fat particles, which are fat-containing constituents, appear in the urine of patients suffering from nephrotic syndrome and chronic renal failure. It is possible to identify the possibility that a patient suffers from kidney disease such as nephrotic syndrome or chronic renal failure by analyzing whether fat particles appear in the urine collected from the patient.
WIPO Patent Publication No. 01/059462 discloses a method for measuring fat particles in urine by enzymatic reaction in which fatty particles such as fat droplets, fat bodies and fat globules are uniformly eluted in a urine sample with a surfactant, and an enzyme is caused to act on the eluted fat particles.


The present invention provides a two-unit zoom lens system comprising, in order from the object side, a first lens unit G1 having a negative refracting power and a second lens unit G2 consisting of a first positive sub-lens-unit P1 , a first negative sub-lens-unit N1, a second positive sub-lens-unit P2 and a second negative sub-lens-unit N2 and having a positive refracting power as a whole, and including an air gap between said first and second lens units, which is variable for zooming. In this zoom lens system which is made waterproof, inexpensive and of high performance, the amount of movement of the first lens unit G1 in association with zooming is reduced.

The present invention relates generally to a taking zoom lens system for lens shutter cameras, which comprises two units, the first unit having a negative refracting power and the second unit having a positive refracting power, and more particularly to a two-unit zoom lens system designed for waterproof purposes.
So far, many positive-unit preceding type zoom lens systems, represented by a two-unit or positive/negative-unit zoom lens system and a three-unit or positive/positive/negative-unit zoom lens system, have been proposed and practically used as zoom lens systems for lens shutter cameras. However, the positive-unit preceding type zoom lens systems are unpreferred, because the amount of movement of the first units in association with zooming is so increased that the mechanical structure for water is complicated.
In order to achieve waterproofness with a simple structure, it is thus desired to eliminate, or at least reduce, the amount of movement of the first unit in association with zooming. Negative-unit preceding type zoom lens systems have been known to have such a feature. In particular, a two-unit or negative/positive-unit type zoom lens system is often practically used as the standard zoom lens for a single-lens reflex camera's interchangeable lens. However, the single-lens reflex camera lens is not suitable for lens shutter cameras without making some modification thereto, because the back focus is long and hence the total lens length is increased.
As known so far in the art, reducing the total lens length may be achieved by constructing the unit on the image-taking side in positive/negative telephoto type. For instance, Japanese Provisional Patent Publication No. 62-50718 sets forth an example of applying this concept to a two-unit or negative/positive-unit zoom lens system.
According to Japanese Provisional Patent Publication No. 62-50718, reducing the total lens length is achieved by constructing the second unit having a positive refracting power of positive and negative lens components.
However, the zoom lens system set forth in Japanese Provisional Patent Publication No. 62-50718 has a cost problem, because it comprises as many as 9 lens components plus two additional aspherical surfaces.


A light fixture is configured to produce an output via a driver circuit to drive an array of LED light sources. Controlling the light fixture includes receiving a first light intensity value related to a light intensity value for the array of LED light sources, determining a first dimming curve based on the first light intensity value and a color temperature value to determine a first value, receiving a second light intensity value related to a light intensity value for the array of LED light sources at which the color temperature value for the output of the light fixture is achieved, wherein the second light intensity value is different than the first light intensity value, determining a second dimming curve based on the second light intensity value and the color temperature value to determine a second value, wherein the second dimming curve is different than the first dimming curve.

The color temperature of a white-light light source (e.g., an incandescent light bulb) corresponds to the temperature of an ideal black-body radiator that radiates light of a comparable hue, and is identified in units of absolute temperature, Kelvin ("K"). Color temperatures of approximately 5,000K or greater are commonly referred to as cool colors, and color temperatures between approximately 2,700K and 3,000K are commonly referred to as warm colors. The light output by an incandescent light bulb is thermal radiation and approximates an ideal black-body radiator. The color temperatures associated with the incandescent light bulb follow the Planckian locus through a particular color space (e.g., the CIE xyY color space) from low color temperatures (i.e., warm colors) to high color temperatures (i.e., cool colors). Color temperature is a convenient way to describe the color output of an incandescent light bulb or other similar white-light light sources.

Systems, devices, and methods for controlling an LED light source based on a color temperature scale factor


In one embodiment, an automated circuit test system is calibrated by electrically coupling a first calibration unit between a plurality of drivers and comparators of the test system, and then executing an AC timing calibration procedure to determine a timing delay for each of a first set of relationships. A second calibration unit is then electrically coupled between the plurality of drivers and comparators, and an AC timing calibration procedure is executed to determine a timing delay for each of a second set of relationships. The first and second calibration units comprise fixed wiring paths that respectively couple pairs of the drivers and comparators in accord with the first and second sets of relationships. A set of equations is solved based on the timing delays and driver/comparator relationships to determine relative timing errors introduced by signal paths of the test system including the drivers and comparators.

Prior to the manufacture and/or distribution of an electrical device (including a system or component such as a circuit board, integrated circuit, or system-on-a-chip (SOC)), the device is typically tested to determine whether it is built or functions as designed. Often, this testing is performed by an automated circuit test system (also known as automated test equipment (ATE)).
For the results of the test system to be meaningful, the system needs to be calibrated. That is, the intrinsic system errors that the test system may introduce during testing must be quantified.
To characterize the test system's intrinsic system errors, a calibrated driver may be sequentially coupled to each of the system's test signal comparators. A test signal initiated by the calibrated driver may then be read by each of the comparators; and the signals read by the comparators may be compared to an expected signal to determine their deviation therefrom. Likewise, a calibrated comparator may be sequentially coupled to each of the system's drivers. Test signals initiated by the drivers may then be read by the calibrated comparator; and the signals read by the calibrated comparator may be compared to an expected signal to determine their deviation therefrom.
In order to characterize a test system's intrinsic system errors using the above method, each of the system's drivers and comparators must be probed for the purpose of connecting it to the calibrated driver or comparator. One way to undertake such probing is via a robot that sequentially couples a calibrated testhead including a driver and a comparator to each of the test system's signal pins. However, such a robot is costly, and its mechanical tolerances are difficult to maintain.
Another way to undertake the probing of a test system's signal pins is via a relay signal selector. That is, a calibrated driver or comparator may be sequentially switched into contact with each of the system's drivers and comparators. However, relay signal selectors can cause signal degradation that makes system calibration difficult—especially during high-frequency AC timing calibration.

Systems, methods and computer programs for calibrating an automated circuit test system


A method for calibrating the accuracy of an optical touch monitor is provided. The optical touch monitor has a first lens and a second lens disposed at the same side of the optical touch monitor and faced towards the other side thereof. In the present method, one of a plurality of control points (CPs) on the optical touch monitor is touched by using a touch object. A first position and a second position of the touch object in images captured by the first lens and the second lens are substituted into a non-linear transformation function to calculate a weight matrix for system transformation. When the touch object touches a touch point on the optical touch monitor, a touch position of the touch object on the optical touch monitor is detected and transformed into screen coordinates of the optical touch monitor by using the weight matrix and the non-linear transformation function.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention generally relates to a method for calibrating a touch monitor, and more particularly, to a method for calibrating the accuracy of an optical touch monitor.
2. Description of Related Art
Along with the widespread of Windows 7 operating system, multi-touch all-in-one PC (AIO PC) has gradually become the mainstream product in the market. Capacitive touch monitor offers the best touch control effect among all existing resistive, capacitive, and rear projection touch monitors. However, it has the highest cost and will become less economical along with the increase of screen size.
In order to find a substitution for capacitive touch monitor, an optical touch monitor in which a touch position is detected by using a light-sensitive device or an optical lens is provided. Such optical touch monitor offers low cost and high accuracy and therefore is very competitive among all monitor products. Accordingly, it has become one of the most popular large-scale touch monitors.
In an optical touch monitor, the reflected light blocked by a user's finger is usually detected by using a plurality of light-sensitive devices or optical lenses, and the information detected by foregoing devices is then transformed into coordinates on the screen, so that a finger touch control function can be accomplished. Herein the optical touch monitor usually adopts a linear system and transforms the detected information into screen coordinates by using a linear coordinates transformation algorithm.
However, there may be an unlimited number of possibilities regarding the connection between two points (for example, as shown in FIG. 1, the connections between the points P1 and P2) when a non-linear system is actually adopted. In this case, calculation errors may be produced and the transformation result may not meet the actual requirement if the transformation model is still constructed by using the conventional interpolation technique.

Method for calibrating accuracy of optical touch monitor


According to one or more aspects, a control system for managing operational limits associated with two or more actuators includes a controller. The controller may continually monitor a first operational limit associated with a first actuator and a first operational limit associated with a second actuator. The controller may determine a first overall distributed control system operating limit based on the first operational limit associated with the first actuator, the first operational limit associated with the second actuator, and a type of operational limit associated with both operational limits.

In a typical cruise speed control (CSC) system of a modern advanced light jet aircraft, a full authority digital engine control (FADEC) unit (also referred to as an engine control unit (ECU)) modulates the engine fuel flow, by controlling the throttle position, to substantially maintain the flight speed constant. A challenge of the CSC system is that it has to operate within many boundaries as opposed to a full authority auto-throttle system that can be found in modern higher end aircraft. The CSC system is generally designed to operate in conjunction with an engine synchronization (SYNC) function, which has a very limited authority band relative to the overall authority of the actuation, in this case, engine thrust.
For example, the SYNC function can have an authority deviation of a few percent of the engine speed (N1) command. On the other hand, the SYNC function may not be available in the full cockpit throttle range, but rather, in a limited throttle/thrust lever angle (TLA). In addition, because each engine can be designed to maintain their independence even during the SYNC function operation and the cockpit controls of each engine are independent, the reference point for the command limiting in each engine can be different (asymmetric in case of a twin engine aircraft). And when another function, like the CSC system function is added to the engine control, it can have its own safety and/or authority limits. When all these different system/function limits are globally considered and when each of the limits has to be continuously obeyed during operation, a complex scenario can occur as to how to simultaneously coordinate and operate within the differing limits.

Method for dynamic command limiting in a distributed control system

HONDA PATENTS & TECHNOLOGIES NORTH AMERICA, LLC


An apparatus for processing image motion compensation information for an image processing system, which can add image motion compensation information and assign the bit number suitable for a specific data size required in signal processing added data with a simple structure. The apparatus includes an adding section for adding an inputted difference data per block and a data previously stored in a frame memory, an overflow/underflow checking section for checking overflow/underflow of summed data and reducing the bit size of the added data, and an overflow/underflow executing section for output-controlling the added data according to the checked overflow/underflow.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an apparatus for processing image motion compensation information for an image processing system, and more particularly to an apparatus for processing image motion compensation information for an image decoder of a high definition television (hereinafter referred to as HDTV) which can obtain motion-compensated image signal data by adding image motion compensation information and assign a corresponding bit number to added data so as to meet a specific data size which will be required in later signal process.
2. Description of the Prior Art
An image encoder of an HDTV detects image motion information per block and transmits motion distance information and difference signal per block. An image decoder reads a data moved as much as the motion distance information among image data previously memorized per frame by utilizing the motion distance information and the difference signal provided from the image encoder, and adds the read data to inputted image data, thereby obtaining motion-compensated image signal.
The added image data for motion compensation should be bit-assigned in order to reduce the bit size thereof to be suitable for later signal process. For example, it is required that 9-bit inputted difference signal data per block and 8-bit data from image frame memory are added and then the size of the 9-bit added data are reduced into 8-bit data. In this case, all data are structured as two's conplement data, and in particular, a color signal is motion-compensated as 8-bit data including a sign bit.
Conventionally, there has been a problem in that data processing for adding image motion compensation information or assigning the required bit size to motion-compensated image data cannot be performed sequentially and each processing circuit has a complicated structure.

Apparatus for processing image motion compensation information for an image processing system


An extended depth of field microscope system for phase object detection includes an imaging optical module and a phase/intensity converting module. The imaging optical module has an object lens group, in which an axial symmetric phase coding is added, to produce an axial symmetric spherical aberration. A point spread function (PSF) and an image with extended depth of field can be obtained with a predetermined level of similarity. The phase/intensity converting module converts the phase change of the light passing the phase object, into an image light with change of light intensity.

A phase object, such as a cell object, is transparent to light. However, the light may have a phase variation due to an internal structure of the phase object. Therefore, to obtain the internal structure of the phase object, the phase variation of the light is required to be detected for converting into image contrast. Namely, the image of the phase object is formed as the light passing through the phase object to generate bright and dark contrast due to an optical path difference.
Regarding a design of a microscope, the depth of field is usually quite short due to a large numerical aperture (NA). Moreover, although a confocal microscope may have effect to extend field depth, it takes long time for multiple imaging processes at different depths, causing low speed. Although the depth of field can be extended by reducing the aperture, light flux would decrease.
A present microscope system for phase object approximately has a phase contrast structure, a transmissive differential interference contrast (DIC) structure, or a reflective DIC structure. An image of a conventional microscope system for phase object maintains a high resolution only within a range of the depth of field, and the resolution of the image is severely decreased beyond the range of depth of field. In order to extend the depth of field, the conventional structure is added with a phase device to code a wavefront through a non-axial symmetric method.
Since the structure of phase device is non-axial symmetric, it is difficult to process the phase device, and the geometric structure in fabrication has a low accuracy. Besides, the generated point spread function (PSF) being generated is non-axial symmetric, which may increase difficulty in image restoration.

Extended depth of field microscope system

Industrial Technology Research Institute


Various methods and systems are provided for real-time facsimile (fax) transmission over a packet network. In one embodiment, among others, a method includes monitoring fax communications across a pass-through connection and controlling transfer of the fax communications to a fax-relay protocol connection based at least in part upon the monitored fax communications. In another embodiment, a method includes monitoring a state of a state machine communicating over a pass-through connection and, responsive to a re-invite to the fax-relay protocol, transferring from the pass-through connection to a fax-relay protocol connection based at least in part upon the state of the state machine.

Even with the advent of e-mail, facsimile (fax) remains an important and ubiquitous form of business communications. Virtually all businesses use fax; with some, it is critical to the business's mission. Some large multi-location enterprises send thousands of faxes every day between offices, spending tens-of-thousands of dollars every year on telephone toll charges.
The use of the Internet as an application platform for real-time media transport has disintermediated telecommunications. Users can transport voice calls across the Internet without the involvement of telephone companies. One of the earliest such services was that of Net2Phone®, which offered PC-to-PC communications for a fee paid to the company, not unlike a telephone company, but much less expensive.
Other services (e.g., Skype™) offer peer-to-peer (P2P) communication service over the Internet at no fee. The Skype™ P2P technology is characterized by a method of traversing firewalls and handling Network Address Translation (NAT) to allow Internet packets to flow in real time between the two correspondent Skype™ clients. Although there are other P2P networks, such as Napster™, File-Sharing, Collaboration, Freenet, and Gnutella, these networks are based on open-source software and are intended for data-file exchange, not real-time media data transfer, such as that required for a voice or a fax call.

Real-time facsimile transmission over a packet network


A projectile has a main body having a smooth end region, an intermediate sleeve over the smooth end region, a guide mechanism sleeve and guide fins. In one embodiment, the intermediate sleeve has an internal surface and an external thread, the intermediate sleeve being soldered at the internal surface to the smooth end region of the main body. The guide mechanism sleeve has an internal thread screwed with the internal thread onto the external thread of the intermediate sleeve at a tail region of the projectile. The guide fins are fixed to the guide mechanism sleeve. In a second embodiment, the projectile includes a longitudinally extending main body having an end region conically tapered toward a front end of the projectile, and a conically tapered intermediate sleeve having longitudinally extending slots, regions of the intermediate sleeve between the slots being radially elastic. The intermediate sleeve is fitted over the tapered end region of the main body so as to clamp the tapered end region. The guide mechanism sleeve which fixes the guide fins at a tail region of the projectile, has a conically tapered inner wall region lying frictionally locked against an outer surface of the intermediate sleeve.

The present invention relates to a projectile equipped with guide fins, particularly a heavy metal kinetic energy projectile having a large length/diameter ratio, in which the connection of the guide fins with the projectile is effected by means of a guide mechanism sleeve which is fastened to the tail region of the projectile.
Arrow stabilized kinetic energy projectiles are known whose tail region (which may be tapered) forms a support for a guide mechanism. The fins of the guide mechanism are disposed on a cylindrical sleeve.
The sleeve is fastened to the projectile, for example, by means of threads provided at a rear stub on the projectile. This type of connection involves the risk that the guide mechanism breaks off upon firing or upon contact with the target, for example with the first target plate (armor) of a multiple target, together with part of the penetrator, particularly if transverse stresses occur because the target is disposed at an angle. This results in a loss of mass and length of the projectile, adversely affecting its effectiveness.
According to German Patent No. 30 38 087 a thin tubular sleeve supporting the guide fins is connected to the tail region of the projectile by means of solder or glue. Such a connection, however, cannot be used if the stresses derived from the forces and heat under firing are too high (particularly where a glue connection is involved) and if materials are to be connected which cannot be soldered together, such as, for example, tungsten heavy metal and aluminum, tungsten heavy metal and magnesium, and tungsten heavy metal and plastic.
The basic requirements for such a connection are therefore, on the one hand, that it be tight enough that it is able to withstand the stresses of firing and that the guide mechanism will not break off during firing, and on the other hand, that the connection be released no later than upon impact on the target so that the guide mechanism does not impede penetration of the projectile into the target. In this latter connection, the tail region of the projectile, particularly the threaded stub, should be prevented from breaking off due to a notch effect. Finally, the guide mechanism must be as lightweight as possible and have such a small mass that when the guide mechanism and the means for fastening the guide mechanism to the projectile are released the total mass of the projectile body is not or is only slightly reduced, so that the penetration power of the projectile will not be adversely affected.


An electrolytic capacitor cell for use in implantable medical devices and associated method for manufacture are provided. The capacitor cell includes an electrode substrate having a dielectric layer formed thereon by atomic layer deposition. In various embodiments, the dielectric layer includes an oxide of one or more valve metals.

Many implantable medical devices (IMDs) that are used to treat or monitor patients suffering from a variety of conditions rely on electrochemical cells for providing the energy needed to power the device electronics and generate therapeutic electrical stimulation pulses. Examples of such IMDs include implantable pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs), which are electronic medical devices that monitor the electrical activity of the heart and provide electrical stimulation to one or more of the heart chambers as necessary. Pacemakers deliver relatively low-voltage pacing pulses in one or more heart chambers. ICDs can deliver high-voltage cardioversion and defibrillation shocks in addition to low-voltage pacing pulses
IMDs including pacemakers, ICDs, drug pumps, neurostimulators, physiological monitors such as hemodynamic monitors or ECG monitors, typically require at least one battery to power the various components and circuitry used for performing the device functions. Pacemakers and ICDs generally include pulse generating circuitry required for delivering pacing and/or cardioversion and defibrillation pulses, control circuitry, telemetry circuitry, recharge circuitry and other circuitry that require an energy source. In addition to a battery, ICDs include at least one high-voltage capacitor for use in generating high-voltage cardioversion and defibrillation pulses.
IMDs are preferably designed with a minimal size and mass to minimize patient discomfort and prevent tissue erosion at the implant site. Capacitors contribute substantially to the overall size and mass of an ICD. Capacitors for use in an ICD are typically provided with a hermetically-sealed encasement for housing an electrode assembly, including an anode and cathode, an electrolyte, and other components such as a separator, electrode connector feedthroughs and lead wires. The encasement includes a case and a cover that are sealed through joining processes such as laser welding after assembling the cell components within the case.
Factors affecting the performance of electrolytic capacitors include the effective surface area of the anodes and cathodes that can be contacted by the electrolyte, the dielectric constant of the oxide formed on the electrode surface, and the thickness and properties of the dielectric layer. To improve the capacitor cell performance, porous or surface-enhanced electrode substrate materials are used to effectively increase the electrode surface area. For example, flat electrolytic capacitors often include aluminum sheets that are etched or perforated to increase the electrode surface area. Pellet or slug-type electrodes are formed from a valve metal powder that is pressed and formed into a porous substrate.
Typically, an oxide dielectric layer is grown anodically upon exposed surfaces of the electrode when the electrode is immersed in a formation electrolyte. The composition of the oxide layer grown anodically is limited to oxides of the elements found in the electrode substrate. Deposition of a dielectric layer having a composition differing from the substrate composition may be deposited onto an electrode substrate, for example by physical vapor deposition. However, such deposition of a dielectric layer onto a highly structured substrate surface is not likely to achieve uniform coverage of the substrate surface, resulting in defects such as "pin holes". Non-uniform coverage of the substrate surface will result in inferior electrode performance.

Capacitor electrodes produced with atomic layer deposition for use in implantable medical devices


A touch input device for switching driving signals includes a touch panel and a panel driving circuit for driving the touch panel. The panel driving circuit includes a selecting circuit, a driving signal generating circuit, and a touch sensing circuit. The driving signal generating circuit transmits a driving signal to the touch panel. The selecting circuit includes a multiplexer, which controls sensing lines that do not comprise either an X directional measuring channel or a Y directional measuring channel to be grounded or floating in accordance with the driving signal.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a touch input device for switching driving signals, and more particularly, to a touch input device capable of switching different driving signals in accordance with different panels with different loading capacitance.
2. Description of the Related Art
Touch panels are widely applied in a variety of fields such as personal computers, smart phones, public information stations, home appliances, and industrial control devices. The touch panels include several categories including resistive touch screen, photoelectric touch screen, ultrasonic touch screen, flat capacitive touch screen, and projected capacitive touch screen, all of which are undergoing rapid advancements in technology. However, each of these touch screen categories will have drawbacks if applied to a common display panel, as each category has been developed specifically for a particular display.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a conventional touch panel 10. The touch panel 10 includes a plurality of X-directional sensing lines X1 to Xm, and a plurality of Y-directional sensing lines Y1 to Yn, wherein m and n are the same positive integer or different positive integers. The X-directional sensing lines X1 to Xm and the Y-directional sensing lines Y1 to Yn are embedded in different layers of the touch panel 10. Referring to FIG. 1, the X-directional sensing lines X1 to Xm and the Y-directional sensing lines Y1 to Yn are arranged in a staggered manner, thereby forming a sensing grid. In the sensing grid, a plurality of mutual capacitors 11 (not shown) are formed between every X-directional sensing line and every Y-directional sensing line. A plurality of parasitic capacitors (e.g., having self capacitance) 13 are formed between either every X-directional sensing line or every Y-directional sensing line and the ground. During operation of the conventional touch panel, a driving signal (e.g., a square wave signal) is inputted to a sensing line in a direction (e.g., an X-directional sensing line), while a sensing line in the other direction (e.g., a Y-directional sensing line) measures the coupling signal coupled with the X-directional sensing line to detect touch gesture. Since the conventional capacitive touch input device utilizes a single driving method to detect the touch gesture, it is difficult for touch panels with different loading capacitances to be applied to a variety of electronic devices due to limited options for compatibility or a limited hardware standard.
Therefore, there is a need to provide a touch input device capable of switching driving signals in accordance with a panel with different loading capacitances to solve the above problems.

Touch input device for switching driving signals


An attachment member for securing a structural building component (e.g., joist) to a support pedestal of an elevated building surface assembly. The attachment member includes a central portion and at least one joist support arm attached to the central portion. The central portion includes one or more features that allow it to be secured to a support pedestal, and the at least one support arm includes engagement flaps that can be attached to a structural building component to secure the structural building component to the attachment members, and hence to the support pedestal.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to the field of support structures utilized in construction. In particular, the invention relates to an attachment member for securing a structural building component such as a joist to a support pedestal that supports the building component, such as in an elevated building assembly.
2. Description of Related Art
Elevated building assemblies such as elevated floors, decks, terraces and walkways are desirable in many environments. One common system for creating an elevated building assembly includes a plurality of spaced-apart support pedestals upon which other building components are assembled and are supported above a fixed surface such as above a building roof or other exterior or interior surface. For example, in outdoor applications, a deck may be elevated above a fixed surface by the support pedestals to promote drainage, to provide a level structural surface for walking, and/or to prevent deterioration of or damage to the deck components. The support pedestals can have a fixed height, or can have an adjustable height such as to accommodate variations in the contour of the fixed surface upon which the support pedestals are placed, or to create desirable aesthetic and/or functional architectural features.
One example of a support pedestal is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,588,264 by Buzon, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. The support pedestal disclosed by Buzon can be used in outdoor or indoor environments and is capable of supporting heavy loads applied by many types of building surfaces. The pedestal includes a threaded base member and a threaded support member that is rotatably engaged with the base member to enable the height of the support pedestal to be adjusted by rotating the support member or the base member relative to the other. The support pedestal can also include a coupling member or extension member that can couple the base member to the support member for further increasing the height of the support pedestal, if necessary.
Elevated building assemblies can include surface tiles (e.g., pavers, wood tiles, etc.) that are supported directly by the pedestals. However, in many applications the building assembly includes joists or similar support components (e.g., battens) that support other building components (e.g., planks) and add rigidity and strength to the building assembly. Standard support components must be adequately attached to the support pedestals to ensure stability of the building assembly. Specifically, in some assemblies, the weight of the surface tiles is sufficient to keep the tiles safely supported by the pedestals.
U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007/0186498 by Buzon discloses an elevated floor including boards that are assembled on a framework made up of an arrangement of joists, where the joists are supported above a fixed surface by a number of support pedestals. Each joist can be fixed to the support pedestal through an intermediate component that is fixed to a support pedestal. Each joist can be fixed to the intermediate component and therefore to the support pedestal by inserting pins through perforations in the intermediate component and into a groove that is milled into the joist.
U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2010/0058679 by Greaves discloses a support for engaging a joist that includes a rotatable plate including two opposed upstanding walls defining a gap therebetween for receiving the joist. Rotation of the rotatable plate causes the walls to abut edges of the joist, where the upright walls include apertures for fastening the joist to the rotatable plate.

Attachment member and support structure for supporting a structural building component


A method for producing a brush head for a toothbrush head is disclosed. The method includes the steps of providing a bristle carrier; providing cleaning elements having first ends which will not be embedded in the bristle carrier and second ends which will be embedded in the bristle carrier, wherein the cleaning elements are selected from at least two different types of cleaning elements or at least two distinctive cleaning elements of the same type; placing the first ends of the cleaning elements in the bristle carrier in a carrier part for holding; and supplying different amounts of heat to the second ends in the bristle carrier by reflecting the heat supplied partially from the carrier part and/or absorbing the heat supplied partially by the carrier part resulting in the second end being molten.

Anchor and anchor-free methods are known in order to fasten cleaning elements, such as bristle tufts, in a bristle carrier or the brush head of a toothbrush. The anchor-free or hot-tufting methods fasten the cleaning elements in the brush head by means of a forming technique. Usually, the bristle tufts are melted at their ends to form thickenings in order to increase the pull-out resistance of the tufts. These thickenings can be over-molded with a plastic material to form a bristle carrier or a brush head, or the thickenings can be cast in a bristle carrier or a brush head mechanically by other forming techniques.
Theoretically these methods allow to generate bristle fields with different properties in different areas. In order to optimize the cleaning efficiency of toothbrushes, it may be helpful to provide different cleaning elements in different sections of the bristle field or to support cleaning elements or bristle tufts in a different manner, for example, to support a portion thereof rigidly in a section of hard plastic and another portion thereof flexibly in a section of soft plastic. To achieve these results it may be beneficial to melt the ends of differently composed groups of cleaning elements, for example, consisting of different bristle material, to different degrees, in order to achieve an optimum anchoring. However, this is difficult using hot-tufting methods which melt the ends of the tufts after the tufts have been configured into the desired bristle field, because the usually required application of heat to a bristle tuft always also affects adjacent tuft ends. This becomes even more difficult when not only bristle tufts but also differently designed cleaning elements, such as strips of soft plastic, are to be used and to be combined, for example, with bristle tufts.
Accordingly, there is a need for a toothbrush head and manufacturing method thereof, which allows for design flexibility, material flexibility, and support flexibility.

Brush head and method and tool for producing the same


A method and system for heterogeneous event detection. Sensor data is obtained and divided into discrete data windows. Each data window is defined by and corresponds to a time period of the sensor data. A time-frequency representation over the time period is calculated for each data window. A filter mask is calculated based on the data window corresponding to the time-frequency representation. The filter mask is applied for reverting the time-frequency representation to a time representation, resulting in filtered data. Features, such as extrema or other inflection points, are identified in the filtered data. The features define events, and transforming the time-frequency representation back into the time domain emphasizes differences between more and less prominent frequencies, facilitating identification of heterogeneous events. The method and system may be applied to body movements of people or animals, automaton movement, audio signals, light intensity, or any suitable time-dependent variable.

Human motion, such as walking, running, and jumping, may be characterized as a series of separate events with generally predictable trends, such as plantar pressure at the end of a step and acceleration of a foot through a step. Counting such events within a period of time to monitor activity levels may have application in fitness, healthcare, or other contexts. To count such events, wearable sensors, such as accelerometers, may be strapped onto an individual's wrist, foot, or core. Similarly, pressure or other sensors may be fitted into an insole of a shoe. Time-based data from these sensors may be applied to event detection and characterization.
In some cases, sensor readings may not come in the form of simple waveforms. Activities, particularly those performed by people in motion, are not always regular, and automated analysis of the resulting data sets may not be straightforward. Identifying individual steps or other events may be complicated due to irregularity of motion and the signal-to-noise ratio that may accompany sensing and data transmission. Sensor data of a single step may include several local maxima and minima. Successive steps may differ in speed and pace of the steps, and in intensity of the landing (e.g. light, heavy). Moreover, a person may perform heterogeneous activities, for instance, first walking for a number of steps, followed by running for a number of steps, tapping their feet, jumping, and resuming walking, walking on stairs or a ramp, or any number of other activities.
Many step-detection systems include a processor programmed to analyze time-based sensor data series and identify a step based on peaks and troughs. Smoothing may be employed to eliminate noise effects, thresholds may be applied to discard small peaks or troughs, and enveloping may be applied for reducing data variation. Previous methods may apply a low pass filter or other approach with predetermined threshold parameters, which are in many cases set arbitrarily, and on an underlying assumption that the user is performing only an identified activity that will result in a consistent data profile on each occurrence.

Method and system for heterogeneous event detection


The method of use of danazol for reducing or eliminating urinary incontinence and any associated frequent urination in a person suffering therefrom and pharmaceutical compositions therefor are disclosed.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to danazol or a pharmaceutical composition thereof for treatment of urinary incontinence and any associated frequent urination.
2. Information Disclosure Statement
The Merck Index (Eleventh Edition, Merck & Co., Rahway, N.J., 1989, monograph 2811) describes danazol under that name, which is the generic name, and by the chemical name 17.alpha.-pregn-4-en-20-yno[2,3-d]isoxazol-17-ol and sets forth the following information concerning biological properties and clinical utility thereof:
Anterior pituitary supressant [sic]. Anabolic steroid derivative of ethisterone, q..nu.., with mild androgenic side effects (an impeded androgen). . . . Clinical studies in endometriosis . . . Use in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura . . . in hemophilia . . . THERAP CAT: Antigonadotropin.
Physician's Desk Reference.RTM. (Forty-sixth Edition, 1992, pp. 2046-2047) describes danazol under the brand name DANOCRINE.RTM., which is a pharmaceutical composition of danazol in capsule form containing as active ingredient 50 milligrams, 100 milligrams or 200 milligrams of danazol per capsule and as inactive ingredients benzyl alcohol, gelatin, lactose, magnesium stearate, parabens, sodium propionate, starch and talc, with indication for use in endometriosis, fibrocystic breast disease and hereditary angioedema.
William J. Harrington, Jr. et al. (AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, Volume 7, Number 12, 1991, pp. 1031-1034) describes resolution of urinary incontinence in two women having tropical spastic paraparesis or HTLV-1 associated myelopathy (TSP/HAM) by treatment with danazol. The issue of the journal containing the reference was mailed to subscribers on Dec. 18, 1991 by the publisher, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., Publishers, 1651 Third Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10128. The first named author of the reference, William J. Harrington, Jr., is the presently named inventor, William Joseph Harrington, Jr.
Urinary incontinence and frequent urination are known secondary effects not only in persons having tropical spastic paraparesis or HTLV-1 associated myelopathy (TSP/HAM) but also in persons having spinal cord injury and multiple sclerosis. The invention is a medical advance in treating urinary incontinence and frequent urination.

Danazol for treatment of urinary incontinence


The invention relates to target-associative tags incorporating cysteamine as the target-associative moiety. The invention further relates to a method for producing a target-associative tag by addition of cysteamine as the target-associative moiety to another molecule or entity having a property or properties useful in discriminating or selecting between members of a set, where such properties could include, for example, fluorescence, mass, affinity, reactivity, size, absorbance, magnetism, subatomic spin characteristics, or an ability to associate specifically or preferentially with certain structures. The invention further relates to a method for analyzing, identifying, or purifying phosphorylated proteins or phosphorylated protein fragments using a tag having the properties of both fluorescence and affinity.

The subject invention relates to the art of preparing target-associative tags. Such tags are widely used in science, medicine, and elsewhere for a variety of purposes including as aids to visualization or purification. Typically, such tags comprise both a moiety having an ability to associate specifically or preferentially with certain structures ["targeting moiety"] and a moiety having a property or properties useful in discriminating or selecting between members of a set ["discriminating moiety"].
When a target-associative tag associates with its target, a tag-target conjugate is formed. In forming such a tag-target conjugate, the target typically acquires the useful property or properties of the tag. For example, an antibody-associative fluorescent tag can be associated with an antibody to confer the property of fluorescence upon the antibody. The association of the tag and the target in the tag-target conjugate can be based on the formation of one or more covalent bonds, an affinity interaction, a hydrophobic interaction, a hydrogen-bonding interaction, a magnetic interaction, or any other type of interaction that imparts an ability to associate specifically or preferentially with certain structures.
A tag-target conjugate may itself function as a target-associative tag in some cases. For example, when an antibody is tagged with a fluorophore to produce a fluorescent antibody, the fluorescent antibody can then be regarded as target-associative tag that may be directed against structures to which the antibody has an affinity.
There are a wide variety of properties that may be useful in a target-associative tag. In general, any property or properties useful in discriminating or selecting between members of a set could have utility in a target-associative tag. Such properties include, but are not limited to, fluorescence, mass, affinity, reactivity, size, absorbance, magnetism, subatomic spin characteristics, or an ability to associate specifically or preferentially with certain structures.
Practitioners skilled in the art will recognize that although target-associative tags have been described here as often comprising both a targeting moiety and a discriminating moiety, in some cases the classification of a given moiety as a targeting moiety or a discriminating moiety may be ambiguous or subject to context. For instance, a rhodamine moiety incorporated into a target-associative tag might often be regarded as a discriminating moiety in that it may exhibit fluorescence under certain conditions, but the same rhodamine moiety might also be regarded as a targeting moiety in that it may exhibit an affinity interaction with certain structures. In general, the set of all possible targeting moieties is a subset of the set of all possible discriminating moieties; every targeting moiety by definition has a property or properties useful in discriminating or selecting between members of a set in that every targeting moiety is able to specifically or preferentially associate with certain structures. In other words, every targeting moiety is also a discriminating moiety, but there may be discriminating moieties that are not targeting moieties.
While target-associative tags typically comprise both a targeting moiety and a discriminating moiety, it is possible that a single moiety could fulfill both roles. For example, in certain fluorogenic reagents known in the art it might be difficult, impossible, or simply of little descriptive utility to identify separate targeting and discriminating moieties. For example, 7-N,N-dimethylsulfonyl-4-(2,1,3-benzoxadiazolyl)isothiocyanate, also known as DBD-NCS, is a fluorogenic reagent used in peptide sequencing analysis. In associating with its target via the formation of a covalent bond, DBD-NCS is converted from a fluorogenic form to a fluorescent form. Thus the target-reactive moiety is a component of the fluorogenic/fluorescent moiety. Also, just as it is possible that a single moiety could fulfill the roles of both discriminating moiety and targeting moiety, it is also possible that a target-associative tag could contain multiple discriminating moieties or multiple targeting moieties or both.
One way of discriminating between members of a set is by fluorescent emission. For instance, the set of all structures within a cell can be differentiated by degree of fluorescence when visualizing the cell. Fluorescent target-associative tags are widely used for this purpose. For example, phalloidin is a cyclic peptide produced by the poisonous mushroom, Amanita phalloides. Conjugation of phalloidin as the targeting moiety and the fluorophore rhodamine as the discriminating moiety produces a target-associative tag that associates preferentially with actin bundles, allowing visualization of said actin bundles by fluorescence microscopy. Another common type of fluorescent target-associative tag is formed by conjugation of a fluorophore and an antibody. Such a fluorescent target-associative tag can be directed against structures to which the antibody has an affinity. For example, a target-associative tag consisting of the fluorophore Texas Red conjugated with a goat anti-mouse immunoglobulin can be directed against mouse primary antibodies for the purpose of visualizing cell structures.
Historically, initial difficulties in establishing the localization of phosphorylated residues in proteins led to the development of a scheme by which phosphoserine and phosphothreonine residues were modified by beta-elimination followed by nucleophilic attack to give a derivatized residue. Such a scheme has been known in the art for at least 32 years. [Simpson, D. L. et al., Biochemistry 111:1849-1856, 1972; Kolesnikova, V. Y. et al., Biokhimiya 39:235-240 (Engl. Trans.) 1974]. Subsequent refinement of the technique has frequently favored thiols as the preferred nucleophile, and the use of thiols as nucleophiles in the scheme has been known in the art for at least 25 years. [Clark, R. C. and Dijkstra, J., Int. J. Biochem. 11:577-585, 1979].
Many modifications of the beta-elimination/nucleophilic attack technique are known in the art, and such modifications frequently involve the use of target-associative tags as nucleophiles to imbue the derivatized phosphoresidues with a desired property. One type of modification incorporates fluorophores. Use of pyridoxamine and fluorescence detection allows detection of low picomolar quantities of a phosphorylated polypeptide. [Hastings, T. G. and Reimann E. M, FEB 231(2):431-436, 1988]. Use of fluorescein and laser-induced fluorescence allows detection of attomolar quantities of phosphoserine-containing peptides and proteins. [Fadden, P. and Haystead, T. A., Anal. Biochem. 225(1):81-88, 1995].
Another type of modification incorporates an affinity tag. Beta-elimination and subsequent nucleophilic attack by ethanedithiol, followed by addition of biotin to the resulting free thiol group, allows for affinity isolation and enrichment of protein fragments containing phosphorylated residues. [Adamczyk, M. et al., Rapid Comm. Mass. Spec. 15:1481-1488, 2001; Oda, Y. et al., Nature Biotechnol. 19:379-382, 2001]. A further refinement that utilizes nucleophilic attack by a tag containing both biotin and isotopic mass markers may be particularly useful for mass spectroscopy following affinity purification. [Goshe, M. B. et al., Anal. Chem. 73:2578-2586, 2001; Goshe, M. B. et al., Anal. Chem. 74:607-616, 2001]. An introduced thiol tag can also be used directly for affinity purification on an activated thiol resin. [McLachlin, D. T. and Chait, B. T., Anal. Chem. 75(24):6826-6836, 2003].
Target-associative tags that mimic lysine have been used in the beta-elimination/Michael addition scheme to introduce additional enzyme-mediated proteolysis sites at phosphoserine and phosphothreonine residues, thus facilitating the analysis of proteins containing such residues. [Knight, Z. A. et al., Nature Biotechnol. 21(9):1047-1054, 2003].

Fluorescent affinity tag to enhance phosphoprotein detection and characterization

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