A method and apparatus for configuring a plurality of graphical user interfaces to display conversations including a message queue, and re-configuring the plurality of graphical user interfaces to display a first visual indication for a first group of conversations in response to a timer determining that a pre-determined time period has elapsed from the previous timestamp for the first group of conversations. Messages are received and associated with a timestamp, which may update the timestamp of a conversation. These messages are added to a conversation in the message queue and may be prioritized along with the other conversations. Further visual indications may be added to the plurality of graphical user interfaces based on actions of operator accounts.

Multiple users may collaborate in various environments, including in environments to respond to messages from clients. Communication amongst the multiple users is crucial to efficiently responding to the client messages and to ensure that a client is not lost due to neglect. As the number of users increases or as the users become more distributed in a physical space, the ability of the users to communicate with each other diminishes. Thus, collaborative features are needed.

System and method for in-account collaborative features


A four-electrode fluorescent, lamp having four filaments in a fluorescent lamp; each of the filament having two leads for being connected to a positive and a negative electrodes of a power source. A resistor is serially connected between a lead of one selective filament and a lead of another selective filaments. Each of the filaments is controlled by a transistor. A pair of capacitors are used to adjust the switching current of a pair of two transistors. The base of the transistor is connected to a respective diode set through a current limiting resistor. Each of the transistor is connected to a diode set. The four diodes are serially connected as a loop with two ends of the loop being connected to two ends of an AC power source. Thereby, a circuit for an alternative lighting four-electrode fluorescent lamp is formed.

The present invention relates to a four-electrode fluorescent lamp, and particularly to a circuit for an alternative lighting four-electrode fluorescent lamp.
In the prior art designs, fluorescent lamps have two Electrodes with each end of the lamp tube having one electrode and a simple circuit design. In actuation, the current consumed is large and vibration of illumination is great so that surge waves and noises generate to make uneasy feeling to uses. Moreover, in prior art design, an igniter is necessary. In starting process, flashing light generates go as to harm eyes of users.
Moreover, the cores of the lamps made of silicon steel or carbon iron powders as a hysteresis transformer which is heavy and generates magnetic fields and noises. Further, high frequency ignition is harmful to human, and particularly to hearing comprehension and brains. The medical instruments and aerospace surveillance systems will be interfered.
Accordingly, the primary object of the present invention is to provide a four-electrode fluorescent lamp having four filaments in a fluorescent lamp wherein each of the filament has two leads for being connected to a positive and a negative electrodes of a power source. A resistor is serially connected between a lead of one selective filament and a lead of another selective filament. Each of the filament is controlled by a transistor. A pair of capacitors are used to adjust the switching current of a pair of two transistors. The base of the transistor is connected to a respective diode set through a current limiting resistor. Each of the transistor is connected to a diode set. The four diodes are serially connected as a loop with two ends of the loop being connected to two ends of an AC power source. Thereby, a circuit for an alternative lighting four-electrode fluorescent lamp is formed.
The various objects and advantages of the present invention will is be more readily understood from the following detailed description when read in conjunction with the appended drawing.

Four-electrode fluorescent lamp and the circuit for arranging the same


The invention provides a measurement device and method for measuring a cyclist's power output, in response to an external force provided by said cyclist applied to a bicycle, including a force sensor (13), characterised in that said force sensor is embedded in a bicycle cleat (11) bolted to the shoe (10). The invention further provides an accelerometer (14) for measuring a cyclist's power output. The inventive device and method provides a number of advantages over prior art solutions. The device of the invention means that the installation does not need any part of the bicycle to be replaced. The present invention does not restrict the type of components that may be used on the bicycle. Because the sensors are embedded in the cleat it is very simple to move the system to another bicycle. The invention also allows for detailed analysis of pedalling style, leading to improvements in efficiency.

Continuous measurement of a cyclist's power output is important because it adds greatly to the information available for analysing training activities and competition performance. This is particularly relevant for high performance competitors. Achieving higher power output for longer periods is one of the most important ways in which a competitive cyclist can improve their performance. Cyclists' training programmes are frequently based on maintaining specified power output for specified durations. Monitoring of power output during competition allows a cyclist to adjust their effort to make best use of their energy. If power output is recorded during an activity, it can be examined and analysed afterwards to identify areas needing improvement and to help form future training programmes.
There is a number of existing prior art systems for measuring a cyclist's power output on a bicycle when a bicycle is moving. Typically a prior art system displays instantaneous power to the cyclist on a unit mounted on the handlebars, and provides a facility to record the variation in power over a period of a few hours and download the information onto a computer later for analysis. There are four principal commercial systems available, each using different sensing techniques. Unlike measuring speed or pedalling cadence or heart rate, which can be done by observing and counting some activity without interfering with it, measuring force or power is very difficult to do without inserting a sensing element as a part of the power transmission path. The four existing power measurement systems each insert a sensor at a different point in the power transmission path between the cyclist's feet and the tyre contact with the road, as described below.
The first known system is "PowerTap" which uses strain gauges embedded in the hub of the rear wheel of the bicycle. This measures the mechanical strain as the rotational power is transferred from the rear gear cogs through the hub mechanism into the wheel itself. This system requires the use of a special rear wheel, built with the PowerTap hub at its centre. The use of a special wheel is a serious disadvantage, as competitive cyclists change wheels frequently. This system is described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,418,797.
A second system known as "SRM" uses strain gauges embedded in the right hand pedal crank that drives the chain. This measures the strain as the rotational power is transferred from the crank to the large gear ring driving the chain. This system requires the use of a special crank set containing the measurement sensors. The operation of this system is further described in http://www.srm.de/englisch/index.html.
The third system known in the industry as "Ergomo" uses strain gauges embedded in the axle that joins the two pedal cranks together through the bottom of the bicycle frame. It measures the strain as the axle twists slightly when the pedals are pressed by the cyclist. It measures the power from the left pedal only, and assumes that the power from the right pedal is exactly the same (which is hardly ever the case in practice). This system requires the use of a special axle and bearing assembly between the cranks. The Ergomo system is described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,356,847.
The "Polar" system is the only existing power measurement system that does not require a part of the bicycle to be replaced. It works by using sensors to monitor the tension in the chain, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,356,848 The sensors are fitted close to the chain to monitor its speed and vibration. Installation requires measurement of the length and weight of the chain. It has a reputation for being difficult to install and calibrate, and for being less reliable than other systems.
All of the systems described above share a number of disadvantages. For example, installation of all these systems requires significant time, effort and expertise, and most cyclists will have to pay their local bike shop to do the job. The requirement to fit sensors and replacement parts to the bicycle means that the systems cannot be moved to another bicycle without significant time and effort. Most competitive cyclists own a number of bicycles, for different types of event, so this is a serious limitation. All but the Polar system require the use of special replacement parts, which limits the freedom of the cyclist to choose the parts that they want to use. None of the systems can accurately measure the power output from each foot, although they can infer it to some extent by relating variations in overall power output to the position of the pedals. This is not an accurate method, because it must assume that all the measured power comes from the foot on the downward stroke. It cannot take into account the power that the foot on the upward stroke may be adding (by pulling up) or subtracting (by pressing down). None of the above systems can measure "wasted" power, where a cyclist presses down on a pedal while it is on the up stroke. None of the above systems can measure how evenly and efficiently the cyclist is pressing on the pedal on the downward stroke.
PCT patent publication number WO2006121714 "Systems and methods of power output measurement" attempts to overcome the above mentioned problems. This PCT publication discloses a system for measuring the power output of a cyclist by placing sensors underneath the cyclist's shoe. A number of problems associated with this system include fitting the sensor between the cleat and shoe increases the distance from the cyclist's foot to the axle of the pedal, which reduces cycling efficiency. Variations in the force used to screw the cleat to the shoe will cause unknown force on the sensor, leading to an unknown "zero" point and calibration errors. The system takes no account of the need to measure the pedalling rate ("cadence") and the angular position of the crank at each instant. Rotational power at any instant cannot be calculated without knowing the applied force, the speed of rotation and the angular position of the crank thus leading to inaccurate data. The sensor and its connector are under the shoe, and therefore are exposed to damage during use.
PCT patent publication number WO2008/058164, assigned to Quarq, discloses a system that operates very similarly to the SRM system (described above). The system requires use of a special crank set with strain gauges embedded in the right hand side of the crank. The system also discloses the use of an accelerometer for certain measurements, when mounted on the crank assembly and requires a magnet on the bicycle. The system disclosed in Quarq is complex to implement as there is different crank sets for different manufacturers.
US patent publication number US 20070245835, assigned to Microsport, describes a system using measurements from a flexible force sensor inside a cyclist's shoe. The system measures only the compression force normal to the plane of the shoe and pedal. The system does not include any means to measure the direction of the force being applied through the pedals to the cranks, and uses pre-calculated estimates of direction based on assumptions of standard cycling styles.
There is therefore a need to provide a device, system and method to overcome the above mentioned problems. An object of the invention is to provide a device and method to measure, display and record the power output of a cyclist accurately and more effectively than current solutions on the market.

Device and method for measurement of cycling power output


An air conditioning system of a vehicle including a controller and sensors in communication with the controller. The sensors include an interior temperature sensor for determining the temperature of the vehicle interior and an inner surface temperature sensor for determining the temperature of the inner surface of the vehicle's windshield. The controller determines a dew-point for the vehicle interior based on the sensed interior temperature. The controller adjusts the dew-point or the inner surface temperature based on a correction value, and performs a defogging operation when the temperature of the inner surface of the windshield is less than the dew-point, wherein the dew-point or the inner surface temperature is adjusted.

1. Field of the Disclosure
The present invention relates to an air conditioning system for a vehicle which is capable of defogging a window glass.
2. Description of the Related Art
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-232549 discloses an air conditioning apparatus for a vehicle which is adapted to suppress occurrence of fogging on a window glass (in the specification, a front windshield glass and a door glass are generically called "a window glass") in accordance with humidity in a passenger compartment of the vehicle. This related art discloses that a fogging prevention determination value for determining whether or not a window glass is fogged is corrected in accordance with a rate of change in humidity in the passenger compartment in order to suppress occurrence of fogging on the window glass due to a delay in response of a humidity sensor upon a rapid rise in temperature in the passenger compartment.


An automatic machine is designed for cleaning a compact disc and is formed of a housing, a motor, a transmission mechanism, a disc carrying seat, an application device, a drying device, a first lifting mechanism, a second lifting mechanism, and a control device. The motor is housed in the housing and controlled by the control device. The power of the motor is transmitted by the transmission mechanism to drive the disc carrying seat on which a compact disc to be cleaned is rotatably located. The application device is driven by the power of the motor via the transmission mechanism to rotate. The first lifting mechanism is disposed in the housing and is located between the transmission mechanism and the application device to drive the application device to move toward or away from the disc carrying seat. The second lifting mechanism is located between the transmission mechanism and the drying device for driving the drying device to move toward or away from the disc carrying seat.

The compact disc (CD), DVD, VCD are widely used to store the data. The reading of the data stored in the compact disc is done by a laser device. The quality of the data reading may be undermined by the fingerprints, dirt, or other foreign objects, which are often the main culprits of the mechanical breakdown of the laser device.
The conventional machines for cleaning the compact disc are capable of cleaning and drying a compact disc. The cleaning process of the conventional machines involves the manual spreading of a liquid cleaning agent on a compact disc to be cleaned in the machine. The compact disc is cleaned and dried by the machine. The liquid cleaning agent is made of a volatile liquid, which is harmful to the human skin. In addition, the volatile liquid gives off vapor, which contaminates the air of a room in which the cleaning of the compact disc is brought about. It is therefore readily apparent that the volatile cleaning agent is a health hazard unless the improvements are made on the operation of the conventional machines for cleaning the compact disc.

No. 115, Tai Tun 19 Street, Hsi Chun Area


An electronic device includes an image capture module, an image processing module, and a display module. The image capture module includes a first capture unit for capturing a first image and a second capture unit for capturing a second image. The first capture unit is simultaneously enabled with the second capture unit. The second image has an overlapping view with the first image. The image processing module includes an image cropping unit and an image stitching unit. The image cropping unit crops the first image to keep a first section of the first image, and further crops the second image to keep a second section of the second image. The first section is different from the second section. The image stitching unit stitches the first section and the second section into an integrated image. The display module displays the integrated image.

1. Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to electronic devices, and especially to an electronic device capable of processing images.
2. Description of Related Art
Electronic devices with built-in cameras such as computer displays are becoming more and more popular. The cameras, however, have a fixed orientation which limits the available field of view, which is inconvenient for users who desire to capture a wide-angle view.
Therefore, there is room for improvement in the art.

Electronic device for stitching different images into an integrated image and image processing method thereof

Hong Fu Jin Precision Industry (ShenZhen) Co., Ltd.


A display panel, a display screen, and a terminal device are provided. The display panel includes: a substrate; and a plurality of first electrodes disposed on the substrate, the plurality of the first electrodes extending in parallel with each other in a extending direction, and two adjacent first electrodes having an interval therebetween, a width of the first electrode changes continuously or intermittently in the extending direction of the first electrodes, two edges of the first electrode in the extending direction thereof are wavy lines, crests and troughs of the wavy line are both curves, and a radius of curvature of the curve at the crest is different from a radius of curvature of the curve at the trough.

With the rapid development of electronic devices, the demand of users for screen-to-body ratio becomes increasingly higher, so that electronic devices with full-screen displays are attracting more and more attention in the industry. As conventional electronic devices, such as mobile phones, tablet PC and the like, require to integrate components such as a front-facing camera, an earphone, and an infrared sensing element and the like, the full-screen display of the electronic device can be achieved by providing a notched area on the display screen and configuring a transparent display screen in the notched area.

Display panel, display screen, and display terminal

SUZHOU QINGYUE OPTOELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD

KUNSHAN GO-VISIONOX OPTO-ELECTRONICS CO., LTD.


A displaceable waste basket and a displaceable cabinet shelf tray is disclosed. The displaceable waste basket has a cabinet portion, a waste portion disposed inside the cabinet portion, and a recessed slide mechanism for displacing the waste portion from an extended position to a retracted position and vice versa so that the waste portion is hidden within the cabinet portion when the waste portion is in the retracted position and the waste portion being visible outside the cabinet portion when the waste portion is in the extended position.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a waste basket and items stored on a cabinet shelf.
More particularly, the present invention relates to a waste basket that is displaceable and cabinet shelves that are displaceable.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The U.S. Pat. No. 3,524,692 to Preston relates to the art of reciprocating racks or holders supported for movement relative to a cabinet between a closed or storing position in which the rack or holder and its contents are concealed within the cabinet and an open position outwardly of the cabinet and in which the contents of the rack or holder are accessible to the user.
The prior art discloses holders or racks mounted for travel into and out of a cabinet compartment and supported by rollers travelling in or on tracks.
A holder that can be manually rocked slightly in the opposite direction by an upward force exerted thereon to permit the rollers to pass under the stops and enable the holder to then be moved to a more fully extended position.
Ramps are formed in the tracks and disposed to be engaged by the rollers as the holder reaches a fully open position to enable the holder to rock downwardly and into a position to permit the waste receptacle supported thereby or the contents thereof to be readily removed from the holder.
The U.S. Pat. No. 3,524,692 to Preston teaches a holder for a waste basket mounted for movement on tracks between a retracted position, wherein the weight of the holder and its contents causes it to rock slightly during its movement toward an open position so that rollers which engage the tracks will strike stops to interrupt outward 20 movement of the holder before it has reached a fully open position and ride off the tracks.
The U.S. Pat. No. 3,528,718 to Johnson relates to garbage cans or containers including a lining therefore to enable movement of the can from a stored concealed and sealed condition to an extended position where it is capable of receiving waste material.
Waste containers including garbage cans are conventionally placed in a convenient corner or the like in the kitchen or other area in which the container is to be used. Frequently, removable liners are provided for such containers and these generally are in the form of conventional paper bags, plastic bags, or the like in which the mouth of the bag is merely laid over the top of the container.
Cans receiving kitchen wastes are usually provided with a can which can be opened by a step-on mechanism. Other developments in this art include garbage containers which are mounted in concealed relation within a cabinet or the like and when the container is moved to an exposed position, the container lid is automatically opened. An example of this type of construction is found in U.S. Pat. No. 2,934,390. An example of a garbage can with a liner is found in U.S. Pat. No. 1,886,406. However, such devices have not been accepted in the field of use as the structures have failed to dependably produce the desired results.
The U.S. Pat. No. 3,528,718 to Johnson teaches a container such as a garbage can of a relatively large capacity having a liner disposed therein with a detachable connection between the upper end of the liner and the upper end of the container to stabilize the liner within the container but yet enable ready removal thereof with the connecting structure and the liner serving as a rigidifying handle to enable lifting of the liner when it has been filled with waste material.
The garbage container forms a component 10 and includes a substantially flat bottom 12 of a rectangular configuration and upstanding end walls 14 and sidewalls 16 which terminate at the upper edge thereof in an outwardly extending flange 18 which in turn terminates in a downwardly extending flange 20.
The downwardly extending flange 20 is substantially continuous but discontinuously at 22 along the end walls thereof to provide handholds for facilitating removal of the container 10. Attached to the upper surface of the peripheral flange 18 is a rib 24 of cylindrical configuration which is secured thereto by any suitable means such as by an ahesive or being molded as an integral part thereof or attached thereto by a heat sealing operation or the like as at 26.
The central portion of the rib along each sidewall 16 is discontinuous at 8. Also, each side portion of the flange 18 is provided with a pair of depending projections 30 each of which is in the form of a shank having a rounded enlargement 32 on the lower end thereof which has a particular function.
The U.S. Pat. No. 4,120,548 Manor relates to bins which serve domestic purposes and which may be kept in a cupboard or similar compartment.
It is known to suspend the bin from and alongside of a parallelogram four-bar-linkage. The rear one of the bars extends vertically and in parallel with the inner side of the door of the respective cupboard, and is adapted to be affixed to a doorpost or like stationary member. The opposite front bar of the four-bar-linkage is provided with means for removably affixing thereto the bin. Some kind of stop means has to be provided in order to arrest the system in the elevated position to prevent it from collapsing back under the weight of the loaded bin.
The provision of such stop means has caused inconvenience in the use of the device and increased the manufacturing costs thereof.
In the usual cases where the bin assembly is installed in a kitchen cupboard. The conventional arrangement did not provide for the interchangeability between right and left-hand mounting requisites. Hence, two different types of holder units had to be produced and sold separately to the public, and/or always readily available in inventory.
The U.S. Pat. No. 4,120,548 to Manor teaches a displaceable garbage bin holder having a support frame swingable about a vertical axis provided at a rear side of the frame and a linkage system for the vertical displacement of the bin. The linkage system includes first, second, and third link-bars. The first link-bar is pivotably mounted at one end to the front end of the frame by a first journal. The second link-bar is pivotably mounted at one end to the front end of the frame by a second journal located below the first journal. The first link-bar is pivotably mounted to the opposite ends of the first and second link-bars by third and fourth journals, respectively. Means are provided for suspending a garbage-bin on the third link-bar and a handle for pivoting the linkage system about the first and second journals so that the third journal is displaced from a lower position to an elevated position beyond the upper dead-center of the linkage system defined by a line passing through the first and second journals for stably supporting the linkage system in an elevated position.
For interchangeability, the frame includes an upper frame-bar and a lower frame bar. The first and second link-bars are installed at one side of both the upper and lower frame-bars. The third link-bar extends across the opposite sides of the upper and lower frame-bars, respectively.
Numerous innovations for waste baskets have been provided in the prior art that are adapted to be used. Even though these innovations may be suitable for the specific individual purposes to which they address, they would not be suitable for the purposes of the present invention as heretofore described.


A mechanical refrigerant thermal expansion valve has a sensing port sealed with a cupped shape closure received therein and sealed about the cup rim. A cover assembly is removeably attached to the valve over the cup with a thermistor extending into the cup which is filled with thermally conductive grease for thermal conductivity between the cup and the thermistor. The cover assembly has an electrical connector provided thereon. The thermistor is preferably mounted on printed circuit board potted in the cover which may include electronic signal logic and power switching circuitry.

The present invention relates to systems for controlling the flow of refrigerant in a refrigeration or air conditioning system of the type employing the well known mechanical thermal expansion valve. Typically, valves of this type have an auxiliary passage therethrough adapted for attachment to the discharge line of the refrigerant evaporator for receiving flow therefrom and for connection to the compressor suction return line. The auxiliary passage through the valve body provides a convenient location to sense the temperature of the evaporator discharge for purposes of providing an electric control signal which may be employed in a micro-computer for controlling the operation of the compressor clutch and condenser cooling fan.
Where it is desired to provide electrical sensing of the temperature in the auxiliary refrigerant passage in the thermostatic expansion valve, it has been found desirable to employ a thermistor in the passage for direct fluid temperature sensing. However, providing the mounting of the thermistor through the valve block from the exterior thereof and to provide adequate sealing around the thermistor for preventing leakage of the gaseous refrigerant has been troublesome in high volume mass production. Heretofore, it has been the practice to mount the thermistor on a metal flange and secure the flange to the periphery of a port formed in the valve bodY to access the auxiliary refrigerant passage. This technique for mounting the thermistor as a sub-assembly has been found to be troublesome in high volume production of the valves where breakage of the thermistor has been experienced during the sealing operation which typically employ metal staking. Accordingly, it has been desired to provide a way or means of attaching a thermistor to a sensing port in the valve block after the port has been sealed to retain the pressurized gaseous refrigerant.
It has further been desired in providing a refrigerant temperature sensor in a thermal expansion valve passage to incorporate electronic circuitry at the thermistor location in order that the circuitry may be heat sinked to the low temperature valve block and thereby provide cooling for solid state switching devices handling substantial electrical current flow.

Sensing refrigerant temperature in a thermostatic expansion valve


A method, computer program product, and system for sharing cloud data resources among associated users. Upon receipt of a request from an associate of a primary user to share a cloud data resource, a sharing profile of the primary user is evaluated to determine if the associate is permitted to share the requested resource, and if so, the requested resource is made available to the associate. The shared cloud data resource can be a database application, data object, data storage resource, or a portion thereof.

1. Technical Field
The present invention relates generally to cloud database systems, and more particularly to methods and systems for sharing cloud data resources with social network associates.
2. Discussion of Related Art
Cloud computing provides services and computer environments by combining hardware resources such as CPU, memory and storage, with software resources such as applications, in response to user requests. Cloud computing generally involves various hardware resources and software resources combined and provided to a user, and it is relatively difficult for the user to determine an appropriate usage amount of such resources. A typical cloud-computing model charges users for resources as they are used, and enables a user to reserve extra resources for an additional fee. If resources are not used, however, they may be unnecessarily idle, but if resources are insufficient, it may not be possible to complete a particular task in a timely fashion.

Sharing cloud data resources with social network associates

International Business Machines Corporation


A contact vibration detection device 100 for detecting contact vibration due to contact between a rotational shaft 12 and a stationary part 13 includes: a rotation waveform determination unit 101 configured to determine a rotation waveform of the rotational shaft 12 based on displacement of the rotational shaft 12 during rotation; a parameter change detection unit 102 configured to detect a change in a parameter of at least one of an effective value of the rotation waveform or a phase angle of the rotation waveform; and a contact vibration determination unit 103 configured to determine whether the contact vibration occurs based on presence or absence of the change in the parameter.

In a rotary machine such as a turbo machine, a turbine, and a compressor, a rotational shaft rotates. During rotation of the rotational shaft, the rotational shaft may come into contact with a stationary part such as a seal part and an oil thrower part, which causes contact vibration. Further, contact between the rotational shaft and the stationary part increases the temperature of the contact portion and causes the rotational shaft to bend. When the rotational shaft bends, the degree of unbalance may change. In this case, contact vibration is further amplified.
As described above, once contact vibration occurs, contact vibration may gradually increase. Therefore, it is preferable to stop rotation of the rotary machine when contact vibration is detected, in view of appropriate maintenance of the rotary machine. Thereby, it is possible to investigate the cause of contact vibration in a stopped state and extend the lifetime of the rotary machine.
One of contact vibration detection techniques is disclosed in Patent Document 1. Patent Document 1 describes that vibration of a rotary machine is detected by a vibration detector (especially see paragraph 0015). In this technique, vibration vector is determined based on the detected vibration, and the presence or absence of contact vibration is determined based on the determined vibration vector (especially see paragraphs 0016, 0017, and 0021).

Contact vibration detection device, rotary machine including the same, and contact vibration detection method

MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES MARINE MACHINERY & EQUIPMENT CO., LTD


A divider for a bag includes a generally planar panel, a first attachment mechanism coupled to the panel offset from a first edge of the panel, and a second attachment mechanism offset from a second edge of the panel. The first and second attachment mechanisms each includes a first configuration wherein it extends from the respective first and second edges towards the other of the first and second attachment mechanism, and a second configuration wherein the respective attachment mechanism is rotated to be generally perpendicular to the panel and configured to attach to opposing first and second walls of a bag.

Dividers are well-known for all types of bags in order to divide an interior compartment into several smaller compartments. Dividers are particularly used for camera bags so that accessories and other items may be stored together in a bag, but are protected from damage of hitting against each other by the dividers. For example, camera bodies, camera lenses, batteries, memory cards, and other items may be stored in camera bags and separated by dividers. In some instances, the dividers may be movable and removable to adjust the size and configuration of the compartments within the interior of the bag.
For example, FIGS. 1-2 show a camera bag 100 with an interior 102 separated into different compartments by dividers 104. As can be seen in FIG. 2, and in more detail in FIG. 3, dividers 104 typically include a padded center or divider portion 114 and first and second attachment mechanisms or wings 106a, 106b attached to opposite sides of divider portion 114. Divider portion 114 typically includes a foam interior covered by a material such as nylon. Wings 106a, 106b typically include a hook or loop material 116a, 116b (typically hook material) to removably attach divider 104 to a corresponding loop or hook material 108 or 110 (typically loop material) attached to walls of the camera bag 100.
FIG. 2 shows two exemplary ways that the loop material 108 or 110 may be disposed within a bag for a divider 104 to attached thereto. Loop material 110 is in the form of a strip. Several strips may be disposed at different locations within the bag for the hook material 106a, 106b of divider 104 to attached thereto. However, the use of such strips limits the possible configurations of the interior compartments formed by dividers 104 because the dividers can only be placed at the location of the strips. Loop material 108, as shown in FIG. 2, is a larger rectangle of material that covers a large area of a wall 112 of bag 100. This larger patch of loop material 108 allows a divider 104 to be placed anywhere along wall 112 and a corresponding opposite wall 113 with a corresponding patch of loop material (not shown). This type of arrangement, while permitting flexibility in the location of dividers 104, and thereby flexibility in the size of the compartments created by dividers 104, may be frustrating to users because the hook material 116a, 116b of wings 106a, 106b may attach to loop material 108 at undesirable locations. Thus, it is difficult to adjust the location of dividers 104 in small increments and difficult to locate the dividers 104 at a precise desired location. Further, in some instances it is difficult to completely or fully insert dividers 104 into interior 102 because the hook material 116a, 11b of wings 106a, 106b catches on the loop material 108 or 110 prior to full insertion. Accordingly, there is a need for a divider system that permits flexibility in location of the divider while also allowing precise placement, full insertion, and attachment of the divider.


A band pass filter is comprised of one or more filter units each having a V-shaped microwave strip line provided with two variable capacity elements at its two open ends and a high frequency elimination element connected to the apex thereof through which a control voltage for the variable capacity elements is applied.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a band pass filter which is preferably applied to, for example, a radio apparatus used in an earth station for satellite communication. Further, the band pass filter can be a type with a variable center frequency.
In a radio apparatus used in an earth station for satellite communication, it is a recent trend to enable the center frequency of the band pass filter (hereinafter referred to simply as BPF), which is located at a stage after a frequency conversion stage in the apparatus, variable, in order to make the local oscillator in the apparatus operate as a synthesizer. This is because, the frequency allocation for each earth station is often changed for a variety of reasons. Therefore, it is desired for each earth station to have a variable frequency local oscillator. For this, the BPF should accordingly also be a variable center frequency type.
In the prior art, as will be explained hereinafter in detail, the variable center frequency BPF produces the following two disadvantages. The first is that the BPF becomes relatively large in size. The second is that insertion loss by the insertion of a center frequency varying means into the BPF is increased. This causes a undesired reduction of attenuation level in a frequency range outside the frequency range to be passed through the BPF and also undesired distortion of the filtering characteristics.


An object is promoted by a governance domain, e.g., to a non-governance domain, by monitoring the object for a lifecycle state transition, publishing, using a processor, an alert as a feed if the monitored object transitions from one lifecycle state to another lifecycle state and exposing an application programming interface through which a production service registry obtains a copy of the monitored object. Correspondingly, a non-governance domain obtains an object through feed-based promotion by subscribing to a feed including information about lifecycle state transitions of an object of interest to the non-governance domain, where the feed is from a governance domain, monitoring the feed for alerts on the object transitioning lifecycle states, notifying a promotion handler on the non-governance domain that the object has transitioned lifecycle states and obtaining the object from the governance domain.

Various aspects of the present invention relate generally to the promotion of service registry objects and in particular to the promotion of service registry objects in an enterprise architecture.
In a service oriented architecture, a software enterprise service bus (ESB) is used to facilitate communication between different domains on the bus. Each domain on an ESB usually includes a service registry. The main function of the service registry is to act as a repository for data such as the associated domain's service-related data and descriptions of the domain's service-related data. For instance, the service registry can be used to store the physical documents or objects related to the description of a service (e.g., service endpoint objects).
A governance service registry (e.g., WebSphere Service Registry and Repository by International Business Machines Corp.) on a governance domain stores an object and associates the object with a governance lifecycle, which includes various states. When the object reaches a certain state in its lifecycle, the object is promoted from the governance service registry to a production service registry in a production environment.
For example, a service endpoint object stores information about a simple object access protocol (SOAP) endpoint address of a web service definition language (WSDL) service in a governance service registry. When the WSDL service transitions to a lifecycle state "Approved for Production," the SOAP endpoint is promoted to a production service registry.

Feed-based promotion of service registry objects


A light source comprises a plurality of light emitting diodes arranged around the perimeter of a reflective optical element, wherein each of the light emitting diodes selectively generates a light beam directed to the reflective optical element. The reflective optical element generates a light path by collimating and reflecting the selectively generated light beams from each of the light emitting diodes.

In a projection system, an image-bearing light beam is generated from a light engine and ultimately cast onto a viewing surface. Light engines commonly include a light source, a means for generating color (e.g., a color wheel), and a light modulator, which modulates the light beam before projecting a resultant image onto the viewing surface. To generate a light beam, a light source typically includes a mercury lamp or a plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs). Although mercury lamps have long been a reliable light source, their size and inability to produce adequate light in the upper wavelengths of the visible range make them less suitable for modern projection systems. LEDs, on the other hand, provide a reliable and less expensive alternative to using mercury lamps. The problem, however, is that LEDs generally produce unfocused and undirected light that is difficult to converge and direct.
In addition, light sources generally require a color wheel, or other subtractive color device, wherein colored light is produced by filtering white light. With respect to color wheels in particular, there are also moving parts, which are disadvantageous from a maintenance standpoint.
The embodiments described hereinafter were developed in light of these and other drawbacks associated with known light source configurations.

Projection light source having multiple light emitting diodes

Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.


A speed cooking oven (1) has a cooking cavity (2), and a microwave waveguide (20a) with slotted antenna (70) which efficiently emits electromagnetic energy (51a) to assist with the speed cooking of food product (10).

This invention pertains to the art of cooking appliances and, more particularly, to a speed cooking oven that utilizes slotted antenna for efficient distribution of microwave energy to a food product within the cooking chamber of the speed cooking oven. The invention has particular application to high speed cooking of food products at very high quality standards.
As used herein the terms "conventional cooking oven", "conventional cooking" and "conventional means", have the same meaning and refer to cooking at the quality level and at the speed that is currently widely utilized.
An important aspect of proper speed cooking is that the food product produced in a speed cook oven (in one seventh to one tenth the time of a conventional oven) is at or above the taste, appearance, quality and performance levels of the same food product cooked by conventional means.
Fast cooking ovens in the 2 to 3 times speed range have also been developed but are limited by inefficiencies. The first limitation is that the microwave launch system cannot equally illuminate multiple racks or pans of food. As a result, the efficiency of the microwave energy system must be purposely reduced (limited) in order to avoid hot spots and poor cooking quality. Second, in a top (roof) launch or bottom (floor) launch microwave system, cooking pans or other cooking vessels containing the food are situated directly above (in a bottom launch system) or directly below (in a top launch system) the microwave launch system. This obscures the microwave energy from the pans further away from the microwave illumination source. To compensate for the non-uniform illumination of the microwaves within the oven cavity, the design of the microwave system is purposely limited in order to achieve uniformity. As a result, most traditional microwave convection ovens are actually single rack ovens. Many of these top or bottom launch systems require either a mechanical device (generally referred to as a mode stirrer) or a turntable that rotates a platter or plate upon which the food rests (in a top launch microwave system), or in some cases both a mode stirrer and a rotating tray is utilized, to stir the electromagnetic energy field ("e-field") produced by the magnetrons. As used herein the terms "microwave energy", "electromagnetic energy", "e-field" and "e-fields" all have the same meaning.
A disadvantage of bottom launch microwave systems is that it is difficult to provide a microwave seal to the cavity floor (microwave energy launching through the oven floor via a circular waveguide) to prevent grease and liquid contamination of the waveguide chamber. A waveguide launcher sealing material must be utilized that allows for the passage of the e-field through the sealing material without any leakage of the seal. This is important because grease, water vapor or other particulate contamination of the microwave waveguide causes premature failure of the magnetron used to generate the e-field within the waveguide. Some speed cook ovens use an impingement approach where vertical air jets are generated from the oven cavity roof and floor simultaneously. The oven cavity bottom air jets (floor impingement jets) provide for bottom side cooking and browning while the oven cavity roof jets provide top side cooking and browning. In these devices, the e-field is launched from above the food product but this approach has disadvantages because the general oven construction is complex and the supply duct to the roof air plate must also act as a waveguide launcher for the e-fields. As used herein the terms "microwave waveguide", "waveguide", "waveguide launcher", "guide" and "launcher" have the same meaning. This requires that the roof jet plate be transparent to the e-field (e.g., ceramic plate with jet impingement holes) so that the e-field can be launched through the ceramic plate. Additionally, the floor ducts may become complex parts to manufacture in the event they are designed to be removed for cleaning and/or servicing.
Generally, metal cooking devices such as cooking pans, cookie sheets and other metal cookware are traditionally used in conventional cooking. Because e-fields cannot penetrate these metal devices, all of the microwave energy must enter the top and side surfaces of the food product and speed cooking is therefore slowed by the use of metal pans because e-fields cannot penetrate the metal pans but are instead deflected (redistributed) within the oven cavity by the metal pans. To overcome this disadvantage, some ovens utilize a top launch microwave system. The theory has been to provide microwave energy through the top surface of the food product, but this application of microwave energy applies excessive microwave energy to the top of the product, causing over cooking, producing a tough, rubbery food product. The overcooking problem is especially acute when cooking proteins, such as meat. In order to prevent this microwave overcook condition, one method historically utilized has been to reduce the microwave energy that is available for cooking the food product. The result of limiting the microwave energy to the food product is that the microwave energy is more evenly distributed over the cook cavity, but this reduction in applied microwave energy results in a slower cooking process, defeating the desire for a speed cooking oven.
Other methods of distributing microwave energy launch e-fields from below the food product. This is not optimum because microwave energy that is to enter the upper surface of the food product must bounce around within the oven cook cavity in a random and inefficient manner in order to enter the top side of the food.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide efficient electromagnetic distribution for speed-cooking within single-rack and multiple rack ovens capable of cooking most food products 5 to 10 times faster than conventional cooking.
A further object is to provide such a speed-cooking oven with a continuous floor that is not interrupted by microwave launching systems and is easy for the user to clean and maintain.
Still another objects is to provide a speed cooking oven that is capable of high quality speed cooking within metal pans, pots, sheet pans and other metal cooking devices commonly found in residential and commercial kitchens.
It is a further object to provide such an oven with a microwave distribution system which is more cost effective to manufacture and easier to clean and maintain.
Yet another object is to provide such a microwave distribution system which is more reliable due to improvements and simplifications.
Another object is to provide such a microwave distribution system that eliminates line of sight slot antenna interference.
Other objectives, features and advantages will be apparent in the written description which follows.

Speed cooking oven with slotted microwave antenna


A catalyst for reacting carbon monoxide and oxygen to form carbon dioxide, comprising platinum black deposited on a platinum wire, and having a moderate activation temperature of about 150.degree.-300.degree. C. A catalytic apparatus includes this catalyst, means for directly heating the catalyst, and electronic means for controlling and monitoring the heating of the catalyst. Carbon dioxide laser systems incorporating this catalytic apparatus are also disclosed.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to a catalyst for converting carbon monoxide and oxygen into carbon dioxide. More particularly, the present invention relates to a catalyst comprising platinum black deposited on platinum wire which is effective for converting carbon monoxide and oxygen to carbon dioxide at a moderate temperature within the range of about 150 to 300.degree. C.
2. Description of Related Art
In a carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) laser system, carbon dioxide, which is the active lasing medium, is contained in a sealed laser cavity which also houses a pair of electrodes for applying an electric discharge to the carbon dioxide. When a electric discharge is applied, laser emission is produced by the CO.sub.2. However, the electric discharge also dissociates the CO.sub.2 into carbon monoxide (CO) and atomic oxygen (0), as indicated by Equation (1) below. EQU CO.sub.2 .fwdarw.CO+O (1)
The atomic oxygen so formed then reacts with itself to form molecular oxygen (O.sub.2) as shown in Equation (2). EQU O+O.fwdarw.O.sub.2 (2)
The net reaction is the conversion of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide and molecular oxygen as shown in Equation (3). EQU CO.sub.2 .fwdarw.CO+1/2O.sub.2 (3)
The oxygen formed by this process causes a rapid loss in laser power and other erratic discharge behavior including arcing. Thus, it is desirable to remove this oxygen. To accomplish this result, it has been the practice in the art to use a catalyst to promote the reaction of the CO and O.sub.2 to re-form the CO.sub.2 starting material. One such catalyst comprises an electrically heated platinum wire which operates at 1000.degree. C., as disclosed, for example, by D. S. Stark and M. R. Harris, in the publication "Platinum-Catalysed Recombination of CO and O.sub.2 in Sealed CO.sub.2 TEA Laser Gases," J. Phys. E: Sci Instrum, Vol. 11, 1978, pages 316-319. However, the use of this high temperature is undesirable because it requires increased power input and generates heat, which may lead to distortion of the laser cavity or optical bench. Another catalyst which has been used for this purpose is Hopcalite, as disclosed, for example, by R. B. Gibson et al, in the publication "Sealed Multiatmosphere CO.sub.2 TEA Laser: Seed-gas Compatible System Using Unheated Oxide Catalyst," Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 32, No. 11, 1978, pages 726-727. Hopcalite is a mixture of 60 percent magnesium oxide and 40 percent cuprous oxide that is provided in powder or granular form, and is available from Mine Safety Appliances Company of Evans City, Pa. Unfortunately, very small particulates from the granules become dispersed throughout the laser cavity and cover the optical elements, thus degrading the laser performance. In addition, Hopcalite has been found to rapidly deactivate when stored in a laser gas mixture or in the presence of water. Other catalysts which have been used for this purpose comprise mixtures of noble metal catalysts on ceramic substrates, as disclosed for example in U.S. Pat. No. 4,639,432. However, such catalysts are sensitive to contamination or lack the required activity.
Consequently, there exists in the field of carbon dioxide lasers the need for a catalyst for removing oxygen and, in particular, for reacting the oxygen and carbon monoxide by-products to form carbon dioxide, which is effective at moderate temperatures and is not easily contaminated. This catalyst would also be desirable for other applications where carbon monoxide and oxygen are combined to form carbon dioxide or where oxygen must be removed in the presence of carbon monoxide.

Platinum catalyst for forming carbon dioxide


A manipulator is provided for a plate bending machine containing an arm which extends in the vertical direction and a pair of bracket members in which one bracket member can freely approach and withdraw from the other, wherein the bracket members are provided with engaging members which can engage with and be released from an engaging section formed on the jaws for grasping a plate material. A jaw exchanging device which contains in turn a plurality of jaw release structures which can mount and remove the jaws of the manipulator and can retain the jaw before mounting and after removal thereof, and a transfer structure which can transfer the plurality of jaw release structures together between the manipulator and a jaw storage magazine, and selectively transfer any one of the jaw release structures to a jaw changing position on the manipulator in a position on the side of the manipulator are also provided.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a manipulator which is capable of handling a plate material which is subjected to a bending process in a bending machine such as a press break and the like, and a robotic device equipped with this manipulator, and, in particular, to a manipulator for a plate processing machine wherein a jaw can be exchanged according to the shape of plate being handled, and a robotic device equipped with this manipulator.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Conventionally, a manipulator has been developed for automatically handling the workpiece in a plate bending machine such as a press break, where a plate bending operation is performed.
A conventional manipulator is usually set up in a prescribed position in front of the bending process machine. In this type of manipulator the arm is provided on a supporting column in a manner to allow both free vertical and rotary movement, and also to provide free expansion, contraction, and rotation. A plate clamping device is provided on the end of the arm for freely grasping a workpiece.
In a conventional manipulator with the abovementioned configuration, for the plate clamping device to have a wide range of movement, the arm must be long, and the overall configuration results in a large manipulator, which is a drawback. In addition, the positioning of a plate in the plate bending device of the plate bending process machine is performed entirely by the manipulator. It is therefore necessary to construct a high-precision manipulator to improve the precision of the positioning of the plate. This leads to the problem of excessively high production costs.
In order to eliminate these problem, the inventor of the present invention has developed a highly servicable manipulator for handling plate material in a plate bending machine similar to a press break, which is described in Japanese Patent Application SHO-62-313760.
However, even in this manipulator, when performing a process such as bending and the like, when the area of the point where the plate can be clamped is small the jaw of the plate clamping device must be changed in a manual operation conforming to the state of the clamping, which is a drawback. In addition, it is difficult to automate this operation, which makes it inconvenient.

Automatic change of fingers of the single arm bending robot


A spline channel in a frame member is used in combination with a spline for securing a screen to the frame member. The spline channel includes a bottom wall having two end walls extending upwardly therefrom and terminating in inwardly extending lips. One of the lips extends further inwardly than the other of the two lips. The spline includes opposite side edges, one of which is forced into the recess beneath the longest lip so as to force the screen into the recess between the spline and the end wall of the channel. The opposite edge of the spline is then pressed downwardly until it snaps into the channel and holds the screen in place.

This invention relates to a method and means for securing a screen to a frame.
Screens are often attached to rectangular frames for use in windows and doors. Often the frames are made of aluminum extrusions having an elongated groove or channel therein. The edges of the screen are placed within the channel and a square or round elongated bead material is pressed into the groove over the screen to secure the screen to the frame.
There are several disadvantages to the use of the square or round beads for attaching to the frame. One disadvantage is that the bead is usually less than an eighth of an inch in diameter, and therefore it is difficult to cut the screen exactly to size. Often times the edge of the screen will be slightly short of the bead, thereby leaving a hole adjacent the edge of the frame, or the screen will be too long and extend through the channel and protrude from the outside edge of the channel after the bead is inserted.
Another disadvantage of the use of the square or round beads for securing the screen to the channel is that the resulting attachment is not very strong. When the screen is in use, a small force against the screen can cause the screen to pull free from the bead and the channel, thereby creating a hole adjacent the edge of the screen.
Therefore, a primary object of the present invention is the provision of an improved method and means for securing a screen to a frame.
A further object of the present invention is the provision of an improved method and means for securing a screen to a frame, whereby the screen will withstand a stronger force than prior devices without tearing away from the attachment to the frame.
A further object of the present invention is the provision of a method and means for securing a screen to the frame, whereby the spline attaching the screen to the frame can be easily installed.
A further object of the present invention is the provision of an improved method and means for securing a screen to a frame which will simplify and make easier the trimming of the screen to fit the frame.
A further object of the present invention is the provision of a method and means for securing a screen to a frame which is economical to manufacture, durable in use, and efficient in operation.

Method and means for securing screen to a frame


Highlights from a community of users highlighting portions of an electronic digital work may produce aggregated highlights. Users may have access to public and purchase versions of the aggregated highlights. Reconciliation of highlights across multiple versions of the same digital work may also take place, with the reconciled highlights incorporated into the aggregated highlights.

Electronic devices such as electronic book readers ("e-book readers"), cellular telephones, personal digital assistant (PDA), portable media players, tablet computers, netbooks, and the like, may display digital works such as electronic books or other electronic media content to a user. Users may include purchasers of the electronic media, prospective purchasers of the electronic media, or other consumers, for example, library patrons. As the quantity of available electronic media content continues grow, filtering of and providing access to portions of electronic media content considered relevant to users and communities of users has become more desirable. Such access may function as a community-driven reputation system for passages in the work, and may render information more easily accessible and further encourage sales of electronic media content.


An improved PMA STT MTJ storage element, and a method for forming it, are described. By inserting a suitable oxide layer between the storage and cap layers, improved PMA properties are obtained, increasing the potential for a larger Eb/kT thermal factor as well as a larger MR. Another important advantage is better compatibility with high processing temperatures, potentially facilitating integration with CMOS.

Among the critical requirements for PMA STT MRAM MTJ storage is to provide (1) a strong PMA, implying a high magnetocrystalline anisotropy field (Hk) to ensure a high thermal stability factor Eb/kT, (2) a high magnetoresistance ratio (MR), and (3) preferably, compatibility with high-temperature processing at or above 300° C. (which helps to increase the MR for the most commonly used MgO-based MTJs).
PMA STT storage elements proposed to date typically utilize Co- and/or Fe-based magnetic layers or multilayers, most commonly a CoFeB-based layer, grown on top of the MgO MTJ tunnel barrier. An example is shown in FIG. 1. Represented there as layer 1 are the MTJ bottom layers (seed layer, antiferromagnetic layer etc.). Layer 2 is the reference layer, in contact with magnesia tunnel barrier layer 3 whose upper side is contacted by (free) storage layer 4.
The PMA of storage layer 4 is induced by the interfacial anisotropy at the MgO/storage layer interface where the lattice mismatch between layers 3 and 4 generates strain at their interface. Completing this prior art design is protective cap layer 5 most commonly made of Ta and selected to not deteriorate the storage layer's magnetic and magnetoresistive properties.
Such storage layer designs, however, suffer from several drawbacks, including (1) a weak PMA as a consequence of being induced at only one interface and thus not allowing magnetic elements, such as CoFeB, to be thick enough for Eb to maximize the MR, and (2) making possible diffusion of cap layer material into the storage layer and/or the MgO barrier during processing at or above 300° C., resulting in loss of PMA and/or MR.
While there have been attempts at mitigating drawback (1), by applying a cap layer that provides additional interfacial anisotropy, there remains a need to further improve the strength of the storage layer's PMA. Drawback (2) remains largely unaddressed in the designs that are currently being described in the prior art.

Storage element for STT MRAM applications


An easily removable tent topper designed to be installed on a truck bed when needed and be road worthy at highway speeds. The tent topper comprises a plurality of roll bar shaped assemblies and a tent. The tent has openings therein at preselected locations which permit the tent to engage a plurality of adjustable pins, the pins being part of the roll bar shaped assemblies. These pins, with their associated adjustment knobs, permit stretching or making taut the tent. Furthermore, the tent topper can be easily removed, disassembled, and stored in the truck cab behind the seat, as many truck owners do not like to permanently affix camper-type shells on their truck beds.

(a) Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a tent topper designed to fit on a truck bed and be road worthy at highway speeds. The tent of the tent topper has a plurality of openings therein at preselected locations which permit the tent to engage a plurality of adjustable pins. These pins, with their associated adjustment knobs, provide a means for stretching or making taut the tent to make the topper road worthy at highway speeds. Furthermore, the tent topper can be easily removed from the truck, disassembled, and stored in, for example, a suitcase-type container in the truck cab behind the seat, as many truck owners do not like to permanently affix camper-type shells on their truck beds.
(b) Description of the Prior Art
There are known canvas-type covers for boats and truck beds which are supported by some type of frame. In addition to the teachings described below, the military has used truck-type vehicles having canvas covered truck beds for many years. However, these covers, as well as the covers described below, do not provide a means for stretching the covers to make the covers more road worthy. This generally results in the covers "flapping" at highway speeds. Also, the covers do not provide the best protection in inclement weather.
U.S. Pat. No. 2,493,833, to Reynolds, teaches a boat canopy and frame having bows 12 comprising a pair of end sections 13 pivotally connected to a short section 14 at their inner ends and u-shaped clamp members 16 with bolt 17 at their other end for fastening bows 12 to boat side rail 11. Canopy 18 is supported by a pair of bows and is not affixed to the boat.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,915,440, to Daniel et al., teaches a plurality of fixedly attached u-shaped rigid supports which telescope. The rigid supports support a flexible cover which is secured to the truck bed by a plurality of snap fasteners.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,066,063, to Mullally, teaches a removable cover for a truck cargo box.


Sugar beet pectins are provided, which are characterized by unique properties which render them particularly useful in the preparation of food or drug comestibles. By incorporating the sugar beet pectins into food or drug products, improved properties, including physicochemical, rheological and nutritional properties are obtained.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates in general to sugar beet pectins. In one aspect, this invention is directed to a pectin extract obtained from sugar beet. In another aspect, this invention relates to sugar beet pectin having utility in comestibles.
2. Background of the Related Art
Spent sugar beet pulp consists largely of structural polysaccharide complexes associated with the primary cell wall of parenchymatous tissue. This tissue has been subjected to an exhaustive hot water extraction to remove sugar and other intracellular constituents. Subsequent extraction of spent beet pulp under hydrolytic conditions generates solubilized forms of the non-cellulosic components whose yield and chemical classification vary depending on the severity of hydrolysis condition and the specific extractive method employed. Past reports tended to segregate the solubilized polysaccharides into largely neutral carbohydrate complexes (hemicelluloses) and acidic carbohydrate complexes (pectins). More recent investigations suggest that both the neutral and acidic carbohydrates may be covalently associated components of the non-cellulosic structural macropolysaccharides compromising the cell wall of parenchymatous plant tissue. These reports imply that hemicellulose or pectin isolates represent highly heterogeneous fragments resulting from natural or induced hydrolysis occurring during their preparation. (F. M. Rombouts and J. F. Thibault, "Sugar Beet Pectins: Chemical Structure and Gelation Through Oxidative Coupling" in Chemistry and Function of Pectins, pp. 49-60, 1986, edited by M. L. Fishman and J. J. Jen, ACS, Washington, D. C.; I.C.M. Dea and J. K. Madden, "Acetylated Pectic Polysaccharides of Sugar Beet" in Food Hydrocolloids, Vol. 1, pp. 71-88, 1986; L. Phatak, K. C. Chang and G. Brown, "Isolation and Characterization of Pectin in Sugar Beet Pulp" in J. of Food Science, Vol. 53, pp. 830-833, 1988). These and other investigators postulate a rhamnogalacturonide backbone with neutral sugar appendages composed largely of arabinogalactan emanating from the backbone in clusters along the chain. Several types of ester functionality are present -- the uronic acid component of the backbone is highly esterified as the methylester feruloyelster groups are believed to be located on the neutral carbohydrate appendages and a substantial degree of acetyl ester function is present which cannot at present be assigned to either pendant or backbone structure (or both). For descriptive purpose associated with the specification of this invention and the appended claims, the polysaccharide complex isolated by extractive hydrolysis of spent sugar beet pulp as described herein will be referred to as a pectin, or modified pectin.
Commercial pectins are derived from citrus and apple pulps. They are characterized by high viscosity of low solids aqueous solutions and form gels in the presence of high solids sucrose solutions under mildly acidic conditions. Commercial pectins derived from other plant sources have long been sought. Commercial pectin production from sugar beet commenced in Europe during World War II but ceased when citrus and apple pulps again became available. Sugar beet pectins were generally of inferior jelly grade and their function was enhanced by conversion to low ester pectinic acids which produce ionically crosslinked gels in the presence of polyvalent cations (R. H. McDowell, U.K. Patent 555,842, Sept. 9, 1943). Probably because of a preoccupation with commercial pectin replacement in jams, jellies and gels which still persists (F. M. Rombouts, J. F. Thibault and C. Merrier, French Patent 8,307,208, 1983) there has been virtuallY no other commercial use of this interesting hydrocolloid complex. While others have commented academically on potential application based on chemical or physical characterization, there has been no reduction to practice of any use of beet pectin other than that of its use as a gel forming additive in fruit spreads.
Moreover, prior to the present invention, there was no process available which utilized a plug flow reactor to achieve hydrolytic extractions which provide a sugar beet pectin having properties which extended their scope of utility beyond jams, jellies and similar fruit spreads.
Accordingly, one or more of the following objects can be achieved by the practice of the present invention. It is an object of this invention to provide a sugar beet pectin extract having utility in comestibles. Another object of this invention is to provide a sugar beet pectin extract having characteristics not possessed by commercially available pectin products. A further object of this invention is to provide sugar beet pectins having applications in comestibles other than in fruit spreads. Another object of this invention is to provide sugar beet pectins having emulsion stabilizing properties for comestibles, such as flavor oils, vegetable oils, dairy products and the like. A further object is to provide sugar beet pectins which supply a source of soluble dietary fiber which can be added to comestibles. A still further object is to provide sugar beet pectins which can replace loss of texture or mouth feel when sugar substitutes are used in the preparation of comestibles. A further object is to provide a non-hydroscopic adhesive or film former for binding granulated or extruded food products. These and other objects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art in the light of the teachings herein set forth.

Sugar beet pectins and their use in comestibles


An arc discharge lamp (60) contains an arc tube (62) containing an arc generating and sustaining medium. The arc tube (62) has at least one press seal (64). Means (66) for coupling electrical energy to the interior of the arc tube includes an electrical current-carrying frame member (68) and in-leads (68a) and (68b) sealed into the lamp stem (90) and connected to a base (not shown). A starting source (70) comprises a sealed cavity (72) formed in the press seal (64). A second fill material is contained within the sealed cavity (72). The starting source (70) emits ultraviolet radiation when the lamp (60) is energized, which assists in initiation of the arc discharge within the interior of the arc tube (62). An electrical energy coupler (74) is provided for coupling electrical energy to the sealed cavity (72). The electrical energy coupler (74) comprises an electrically conducting element (76) having a proximal end (78) affixed to the electrical current-carrying frame (68) and a distal end (80) overlying the starting source (70), thus providing a capacitve coupling.

High pressure metal halide arc discharge lamps typically comprise an arc tube, which encloses an ionizable fill material and two electrodes at opposing ends of the tube. To reduce the time it takes to start the lamp, a starter electrode may be disposed inside the arc tube near one of the main electrodes, as shown in Freese et. al., U.S. Pat. No. 3,900,761. A discharge can be initiated between the starter electrode and one of the main electrodes at a voltage that is much lower than the voltage required to ignite an arc between the two main electrodes. The ultraviolet radiation from this discharge produces photoelectrons, which enhance gas breakdown and discharge formation in the arc tube between the two main electrodes.
Zaslavsky et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,818,915, issued Apr. 4, 1989, discloses a UV enhancer that is separate from the arc tube. The '915 patent describes a UV enhancer that typically has a borosilicate glass envelope enclosing an ionizable fill material and a single electrode. The single electrode has a getter, which can remove certain gases when the envelope heats and outgases. When energized, the UV enhancer produces ultraviolet radiation, which illuminates the path between the main electrodes within the arc tube, thus decreasing the time for generating a high intensity arc discharge.
The starter electrode approach and the separate UV enhancer each require additional parts and manufacturing steps. The extra parts and steps add to the lamp manufacturing cost.
Another form of starting aid employs a radioactive material, usually Kr85; however, this also increases the expense of the lamp and, of course, requires special handling in the storage of the material.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,323,091 to Morris discloses a UV starting aid that is incorporated into the press seal of the arc tube.
Further, to minimize sodium loss during lamp operation, the arc tube is mounted upon a floating frame, that is, a frame that carries no electrical current. The arc tube, and a shroud if the discharge lamp is a protected lamp, is supported from the frame, which itself is mounted to at least the base of the lamp envelope. (See, for example, the above-cited '915 patent).
So-called unprotected lamps, that is, lamps without a shroud for operation in an enclosed fixture, occasionally employ supports that do function as a part of the electrical circuitry of the lamp. It is with a starting aid for the latter form of lamp that this application is primarily directed.

Starting aid for low wattage metal halide lamps


Creation of new edges in a network may be used as an indication of a potential attack on the network. Historical data of a frequency with which nodes in a network create and receive new edges may be analyzed. Baseline models of behavior among the edges in the network may be established based on the analysis of the historical data. A new edge that deviates from a respective baseline model by more than a predetermined threshold during a time window may be detected. The new edge may be flagged as potentially anomalous when the deviation from the respective baseline model is detected. Probabilities for both new and existing edges may be obtained for all edges in a path or other subgraph. The probabilities may then be combined to obtain a score for the path or other subgraph. A threshold may be obtained by calculating an empirical distribution of the scores under historical conditions.

Conventional anomaly detection approaches generally do not monitor internal network communications, but rather monitor communications that cross the network perimeter. Accordingly, once attackers have penetrated the perimeter, they are not analyzed in a statistical way. Signature-based approaches exist that attempt to match previously known intrusion behavior with observed behavior.
However, signature-based approaches have the disadvantage of being unable to detect new behavior, and almost all attacks are new. Also, conventional approaches generally do not model individual edges. Accordingly, an improved way to detect attackers that models individual edges, and more particularly, the creation of new edges (i.e., communications between a pair of computers that have not communicated in the past), may be beneficial.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Using new edges for anomaly detection in computer networks


A photoreceptor web installation/removing apparatus of a printer includes a roller unit installed in a main body of the printer and having a frame for supporting both ends of a support roller that supports a photoreceptor web. The installation/removing apparatus further includes a pair of mobile brackets, installed on the frame, for supporting both ends of a tension roller. A belt installation cartridge accommodates a new photoreceptor web to be installed on the roller unit and is capable of being inserted in the main body of the printer to encompass the roller unit. A belt removing cartridge removes the photoreceptor web installed on the roller unit and is capable of being inserted in the main body of the printer. A locking/releasing device selectively locks to and releases from the roller unit, the belt installation cartridge or the belt removing cartridge when inserted in the main body of the printer. A recognition device recognizes the type of belt cartridge inserted in the main body of the printer.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a photoreceptor web installing/removing apparatus for a printer, having an improved structure so that a photoreceptor web can be easily installed on a roller unit and removed therefrom.
2. Description of the Related Art
In general, as shown in FIG. 1, a printer or copier includes a roller unit 10 installed in a main body 1 of the printer and a photoreceptor web 20 installed so as to circulate around the roller unit 10. The roller unit 10 includes a frame 13 by which a plurality of support rollers 11, for supporting the photoreceptor web 20, are supported. A mobile bracket 14 is movably installed on the frame 13 by which a bracket tension roller 12 for adjusting the tension of the photoreceptor web 20 is supported. The photoreceptor web 20 circulates on a continuous path while being supported by the rollers 11 and 12. An image formed on a surface of the photoreceptor web 20 is developed by a predetermined development device (not shown).
The photoreceptor web 20 is flexible. Therefore, to easily install the photoreceptor web 20 on the roller unit 10 or remove it therefrom, a belt installation cartridge 30 and a belt removing cartridge 40 (see FIG. 2) are used. The belt installation cartridge 30, accommodating the photoreceptor web 20 inside, is inserted in the main body 1 of the printer so as to encompass the roller unit 10 and install the photoreceptor web 20 on the roller unit 10. After the photoreceptor web 20 is installed, the belt installation cartridge 30 is pulled back. Also, to replace the photoreceptor web 20, the belt removing cartridge 40 is inserted in the main body 1 of the printer so as to encompass the roller unit 10. Next, the photoreceptor web 20 is clamped by a predetermined clamping device (not shown) provided on the belt removing cartridge 40. Then, as the belt removing cartridge 40 is removed from the main body 1 of the printer, the photoreceptor web 20 is removed from the roller unit 10.
However, the belt cartridges 30 and 40 may not be completely inserted in the main body 1, and even when they are completely inserted, they may not be firmly secured, or may be inserted at an incline. In any of these cases, the photoreceptor web 20 may be incorrectly installed on the roller unit 10, or the photoreceptor web 20 may not be smoothly removed. Further, it is inconvenient for a user to carefully check whether the belt cartridge is completed and firmly inserted.

Photoreceptor web installing/removing apparatus for a printer


An approach for using a storage library to translate commands from one command language into a different command language. The approach includes receiving a storage request in a command language from an application. The storage request is directed to a target storage device that uses a different command language. The storage request is translated into the different command language of the target storage device using a storage library of command languages and the storage request is performed.

Various levels of storage sub-systems are available in the real storage market. For example, there are multiple RAID controllers that provide for data reliability. Accessing storage devices (e.g., disks, solid-state drives, etc.) behind sub-system controllers is more difficult than a directly attached storage device. Additionally, access to storage devices behind the sub-system controllers may be further complicated since each sub-system provider may use a proprietary access mechanism. Software developers building an application to interface with a storage system including one or more storage sub-systems (e.g., multiple RAID controllers from various providers) typically have to understand the proprietary interface for each sub-system and write code to interface with each sub-system separately. Thus, there is a need for a single library to access storage devices, which may be behind various sub-system controllers or directly attached to the storage system, seamlessly.

Library for seamless management of storage devices


A metalcutting insert is provided with an alumina based ceramic composition composed of (in volume percent, v/o): about 1.5 to 37.5 silicon carbide whiskers; about 5 to 17.5 zirconia; residue of a magnesium oxide addition added in an amount effective to enhance the metalcutting lifetime of the cutting edge of the insert; and an alumina based matrix in which the silicon carbide whiskers, zirconia and residue of magnesium oxide are substantially homogeneously distributed. At least 2 v/o of the alumina based ceramic composition is tetragonal zirconia.

The present invention relates to alumina based ceramic cutting tools containing zirconia and silicon carbide. It especially relates to ceramic cutting tools useful in the high speed, rough machining of ferrous and nonferrous metals and alloys.
In the past, zirconia has been added in specified amounts to selected alumina-silicon carbide whisker reinforced compositions described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,534,345 and 4,507,224 to provide enhanced fracture toughness and/or flexural strength (see: U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,657,877 and 4,749,667; Japanese Patent Publication No. Sho 62-265182; Clausen et al, "Whisker-Reinforced Oxide Ceramics," Journal de Physique Colloque Cl, Supplement au No. 2, Tome 47, February 1986, Pages C1-693 to C1-702; Becher et al, "Toughening of Ceramics by Whisker Reinforcement," Fracture Mechanics of Ceramics 7, ed. by Bradt et al, Plenum Press, New York (1986), Pages 61-73).
It has been indicated that the zirconia should be in the monoclinic and/or (metastable) tetragonal phase to obtain improved fracture toughness and/or flexural strength. It has been further indicated that the metastable tetragonal phase is obtained by reducing zirconia particle size or through the use of a cubic zirconia stabilization promoter such as yttria, calcia, magnesia and the rare earth oxides in amounts below that required to fully stabilize the cubic zirconia phase.
Cutting tools composed of a variety of compositions containing alumina, zirconia and silicon carbide whiskers with or without other additives have been proposed (see: European Patent Application No. 86107916.8 (published Jan, 21, 1987 as No. 0208910); U.S. Pat. No. 4,749,667; "Multitoughening Ceramic," Techno Japan, Vol. 19, No. 10, October 1986, Page 78; and European Patent Application No. 86301597.0 published Sept. 17, 1986, as No. 0194811).
None of the foregoing documents teaches or suggests that, for metalcutting inserts for use in the high speed roughing of ferrous and nonferrous metals and alloys, cutting performance can be significantly improved by controlling the alumina based ceramic composition to within the combination of critical ranges now discovered by the applicants for zirconia, magnesia, silicon carbide and tetragonal zirconia contents.

Alumina-zirconia-silicon carbide-magnesia ceramic cutting tools


In a steam power plant, a first cooling circuit includes a condenser for condensing steam and a first pump for pumping a first cooling fluid through the condenser in order to cool the condenser. A third cooling circuit is a closed cycle cooling circuit that utilizes a second cooling fluid for cooling down at least one component that is different from the condenser. A second cooling circuit includes a heat exchanger that thermally couples the first cooling fluid and the second cooling fluid and utilizes the first cooling fluid in the heat exchanger for cooling down the second fluid and further includes a second pump for pumping the first cooling fluid through the second cooling circuit independently from an operation of the first pump.

In a common steam power plant three cooling circuits are used to perform various cooling operations.
A first cooling circuit is often termed "circulating water piping and culvert system" or main cooling circuit, abbreviated "PAB". It provides the highest cooling power in the power plant. It comprises a condenser and a first pipe system that is split into a hot part and a cold part. The cold part connects a cold-fluid outlet of a cooling tower with an inlet of the condenser. The hot part connects a hot-fluid inlet of the cooling tower with an outlet of the condenser. The cooling tower is used to cool a first cooling fluid. The PAB has at least one first pump, which is often termed circulating water pump or main pump. The first pump is located inside of the cooling tower. When switched on, the first pump pumps a first cooling fluid (water) from the cooling tower through the cold part of the first pipe system, through the condenser where it heats up, through the hot part of the first pipe system and back to the cooling tower. In the condenser the first fluid cools down the condenser. The cooled condenser cools down the hot steam to condense the steam. The hot steam is fed into the condenser after departing from a steam turbine. The steam turbine is driven by the steam and used to drive a generator that generates electricity.
A second cooling circuit is often termed "service water piping and culvert system" or auxiliary cooling system, abbreviated "PCB". It comprises a second pipe system and a heat exchanger. The heat exchanger comprises an inlet and an outlet. Also the second pipe system is split into a cold part and a hot part. The cold part connects the cold-fluid outlet of the cooling tower with the inlet of the heat exchanger. The hot part connects the hot-fluid inlet of the cooling tower with the outlet of the heat exchanger. At its hot part the second pipe system is partly realized by a section of the first pipe system that is connected with the cooling tower. This part is termed "first common pipe section". Also at its cold part the second pipe system is partly realized by a section of the first pipe system that is connected with the cooling tower. This part is termed "second common pipe system".
The PCB uses the first cooling fluid to cool down the heat exchanger. Only during operation of the first pump the first cooling fluid flows from the cooling tower through the cold part of the second pipe system, the heat exchanger where it heats up and the hot part of the second pipe system back into the cooling tower.
Sometimes the second cooling circuit is equipped with a small booster pump located in its cold part but not in the second common pipe section. The booster pump boosts the flow of the first fluid after it branches of from the second common pipe section. The booster pump is necessary if a plate heat exchanger is used. In operation the booster pump increase the pressure in the plate heat exchanger if the pressure drop over the PCB is higher than over the PAB. This ensures a sufficient high flow rate of the first cooling fluid that flows through the plate heat exchanger, which in turn avoids damages of the heat exchanger. The operation of the booster pump is always synchronized with the operation of the first pump.
The third cooling circuit is often termed "closed cooling water system" or component cooling system, abbreviated "PGB". It is a closed cooling circuit that comprises a third pipe system and a number of component coolers that are thermally coupled with components to be cooled. Also the heat exchanger is part of the PGB. The third pipe system connects the heat exchanger with the component coolers. The component coolers are commonly known and a non-compulsory list of such component coolers may comprise: condensate pump coolers, coolers for a HTF-system (including pumps etc.), evacuation pumps coolers (e.g. for the condenser), ST lube oil coolers, generator coolers, feed water pump coolers, sampling coolers, and so on. The PGB also shows a number of closed cooling water pumps to pump a second cooling fluid (water). In the PGB the second cooling fluid is circulated between the heat exchanger and component coolers. In the heat exchanger the first cooling fluid is thermally coupled with the second cooling fluid but physically kept separate from the second cooling fluid. Heat is transferred from the second cooling fluid into the first cooling fluid.
A problem of the known steam power plant and the known method is that a proper cooling of the components can only be achieved by the aid of the first pump being in operation. The first pump is a main pump and as such without an operation of the main pump the entire cooling system is out of service. This is of particular disadvantage in case of solar steam power plants that do not have heat storage means for power generation during the night. In general, the power plant does not deliver power during its standby-mode, e.g. night operation. Typically, the solar steam power plant is driven into the standby mode on a daily basis during the night hours. Sometimes, e.g. during winter season, the standby mode is selected even multiple times a day. In contrast to its power-mode operation (power generation operation) it consumes power during the standby-mode because some components must remain in operation in order to rapidly re-start the power-mode in the morning. In addition, although no steam for generating power is produced by solar radiation, a so termed "sealing steam" is generated. In practice, saturated auxiliary steam is produced which is than overheated and becomes sealing steam. The sealing steam is fed into the turbine separately from steam used to produce electricity. From the turbine the sealing steam is at least partly guided into the condenser. Hence, in order to prevent the components and the condenser from damages due to overheating there must be a cooling operation during the standby-mode. The cooling of the components and the condenser requires the main pump to be active. In the cooling system the main pump is one of the largest power consumers and as a consequence the entire power plant shows a relatively low efficiency. A control unit of the plant keeps the main pump switched on during standby-mode.


The present invention is directed to compounds, compositions and methods for treating or preventing hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in human subjects or other animal hosts. The compounds are as also pharmaceutically acceptable, salts, prodrugs, and other derivatives thereof as pharmaceutical compositions and methods for treatment or prevention of HCV infection.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has infected more than 180 million people worldwide. It is estimated that three to four million persons are newly infected each year, 70% of whom will develop chronic hepatitis. HCV is responsible for 50-76% of all liver cancer cases, and two thirds of all liver transplants in the developed world. Standard therapy [pegylated interferon alfa plus ribavirin (a nucleoside analog)] is only effective in 50-60% of patients and is associated with significant side-effects. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new HCV drugs.
Hepatitis C virus genome comprises a positive-strand RNA enclosed in a nucleocapsid and lipid envelope and consists of 9.6 kb ribonucleotides and has a single open reading frame (ORP) encoding which encodes a large polypeptide of about 3000 amino acids (Dymock et al. Antiviral Chemistry & Chemotherapy 2000, 11, 79). Following maturation, this polypeptide is cut into at least 10 proteins by cellular and viral proteases to produce the structural and non-structural (NS) proteins. In the case of HCV, the generation of mature non-structural proteins (NS2, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, NS5A, and NS5B) is effected by two viral proteases: 1) a metalloprotease that cleaves at the NS2-NS3 junction; and 2) a serine protease contained within the N-terminal region of NS3 (NS3 protease) which mediates all the subsequent cleavages downstream of NS3. The NS4A protein appears to serve multiple functions including the NS4A/NS3 complex formation, which appears to enhance the proteolytic efficiency of the NS3 protein. NS5B (also referred to herein as HCV polymerase), possesses polymerase activity and is involved in the synthesis of double-stranded RNA from the single-stranded viral RNA genome that serves as the template. NS5A is a nonstructural 56-58 kDa protein which modulates HCV replication as a component of replication complex. NS5A is highly phosphorylated by cellular protein kinases and the phosphorylation sites are conserved among HCV genotypes (Katze et al, 2001; Kim et al, 1999)
The discovery of novel antiviral strategies to selectively inhibit HCV replication has long been hindered by the lack of convenient cell culture models for the propagation of HCV ("Recent Advances in Nucleoside Monophosphate Prodrugs as Anti-hepatitis C Virus Agents" Bobeck, D. R.; Coats, S. J.; Schinazi, R. F. Antivir. Ther. 2010; Book Chapter: "Approaches for the Development of Antiviral Compounds: The Case of Hepatitis C Virus." Raymond F. Schinazi, Steven J. Coats, Leda C. Bassit, Johan Lennerstrand, James H. Nettles, and Selwyn J. Hurwitz in: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol. 189, 25-51: Antiviral Strategies; Edited by: Hans-Georg Kriusslich and Ralf Bartenschlager© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2009). This hurdle has been overcome first with the establishment of the HCV replicon system in 1999 (Bartenschlager, R., Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 2002, 1, 911-916 and Bartenschlager, R., J. Hepatol. 2005, 43, 210-216) and, in 2005, with the development of robust HCV cell culture models (Wakita, T., et al., Nat. Med. 2005, 11, 791-6; Zhong, J., et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2005, 102, 9294-9; Lindenbach, B. D., et al., Science 2005, 309, 623-6).
It would be advantageous to provide new antiviral agents, compositions including these agents, and methods of treatment using these agents, particularly to treat HCV and drug-resistant HCV. The present invention provides such agents, compositions and methods.

Potent and selective inhibitors of hepatitis C virus