A pin connector is provided including a housing having a central orifice and an annular skirt laterally projecting therefrom. The skirt is bondable over a structurally integrated pad with integral wiring array. An array of compliant pins are insertable within holes in the pad. A pin retainer is disposed within the central orifice and includes an array of through holes formed therethrough. The array of compliant pins is disposed within the through holes of the pin retainer. The central orifice is adapted to receive a mating connector such that an array of contacts associated with the mating connector insert within the through holes of the pin retainer to make electrical contact with the array of compliant pins in the pin connector.

The present invention relates to pin connectors for interfacing wirings and more particularly, to a compliant pin connector for providing a durable interface between structurally integrated wiring and non-structurally integrated wiring.
Modern vehicles such as aircraft and space vehicles are beginning to employ a multitude of sensors and actuators to monitor vehicle performance and integrity, and to react or actuate various aspects of vehicle structure. : Structural integration of such sensors or active devices are part of technology development areas known as xe2x80x9cMultifunctional Structuresxe2x80x9d, xe2x80x9cSmart Structuresxe2x80x9d, and xe2x80x9cStructural Health Monitoringxe2x80x9d. To accommodate integration sensor or actuator devices with structure, new xe2x80x9cstructurally integrated connectorxe2x80x9d designs are desired. Traditional connector designs are often inadequate.
Structurally integrated wiring and connectors can also be used to replace traditional round wiring to provide a lower cost, weight, and reduced space solution. Traditional wiring installations use round wire cable bundles. Such round wire cable bundle wiring is labor intensive, subject to human error, undesirably increases the weight and complexity of the vehicle, and can be prone to durability concerns when applied to new smart or multifunctional structures.
To avoid these drawbacks, structurally integrated wiring has recently been developed. The integrated wiring design approach uses a flat flex circuit (single layer, or multi-layer board) for the structurally integrated design. These wirings are bonded onto or within the structural components of the vehicle. This minimizes the number of attachment parts (brackets, clips, etc) and installation steps needed. These wirings also increase the potential for automated processing which reduces the potential for human error.
One area related to structurally integrated wirings that needs further development is a connector to interface between the structurally integrated wiring and non-structurally integrated wiring. Most health management devices and structurally integrated wirings are in a flat form: Such wiring is bonded onto the surface or into the laminate of a composite structure. The wiring is protected by the structure but also experiences the same mechanical or thermal strains of the structure to which it is attached. As such, it would be desirable to provide a connector that works in conjunction with the flat configuration of the structurally integrated wiring. It would also be desirable to provide a connector that that provides durable electrical contacts during structural straining.
The above and other objects are provided by a connector including a body having a central orifice and a skirt laterally projecting from a periphery of the body. The skirt provides a bondable surface for securing the connector to a surface adjacent a structurally integrated wiring. As such, the skirt extends away from the body by at least an amount equal to the shortest distance across the body. A contact retainer (which is known in the art as a pin block) is disposed within the central orifice and includes an array of through holes formed therethrough. An array of contacts in the form of pins, sockets or a combination thereof, which preferably have a compliant pin feature at the opposite end, are inserted within the through holes of the contact retainer. The compliant pin portion is inserted into a structurally integrated connector pad. The central orifice is adapted to receive a mating connector such that an array of contacts in the form of pins, contacts or a combination thereof, associated with the mating connector insert within the through holes of the contact retainer to make electrical contact with the array of contacts in the contact connector.
Further areas of applicability of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description provided hereinafter. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limited the scope of the invention.

Connector interface pad for structurally integrated wiring


Disclosed are an array substrate, a method for fabricating the same, a display panel, and a display device, and the array substrate includes: an underlying substrate, and gate lines and data lines located on the underlying substrate, and intersecting with each other, a layer where the gate lines are located is between a layer where the data lines are located, and the underlying substrate; and the array substrate further includes a buffer layer located between the underlying substrate and the layer where the gate lines are located; and the buffer layer includes a plurality of through-holes, where orthographical projections of the through-holes onto the underlying substrate cover orthographical projections of the areas where the gate lines intersect with the data lines, onto the underlying substrate.

In the existing flow of fabricating an array substrate, in order to prevent components on an underlying substrate from entering an active layer in a process of forming the active layer, which would otherwise have degraded the performance of the active layer, a buffer layer is arranged between the active layer and the underlying substrate.

Array substrate, method for fabricating the same display panel, and display device

Hefei Xinsheng Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd.

Beijing BOE Technology Development Co., Ltd.


A ratchet wrench includes a ratchet wheel received in the bore of a head and having a number of teeth, and having an engaging hole for receiving a socket adapter. A pawl may control the ratchet wheel to be driven by the head. The socket adapter includes a shell engaged in the ratchet wheel, and a shank extended from the shell for engaging with a tool member. Two balls are engaged in the shell and the shank. A shaft is slidably engaged in the shell and the shank for selectively actuating the balls to engage with the lower portion of the ratchet wheel and the tool member simultaneously.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a ratchet wrench, and more particularly to a ratchet wrench having a securing device for solidly securing or retaining the socket adapter and/or the ratchet wheel to the handle of the ratchet wrench.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Various kinds of typical ratchet wrenches have been developed and used today. U.S. Pat. No. 6,257,096 to Ling discloses one of the typical ratchet wrenches and comprises a ratchet wheel rotatably received in each end of the handle, and a socket adapter engaged in the ratchet wheel for being driven by the ratchet wheel and for engaging with and for driving the other tool members, such as the sockets. A plastic O-ring is resiliently engaged between the ratchet wheel and the handle for retaining the ratchet wheel to the handle. However, the plastic O-ring will be twisted and damaged by the teeth formed or provided on the outer peripheral portion of the ratchet wheel when the ratchet wheel is rotated and driven by the handle. The handle includes no suitable retaining device for securing the ratchet wheel to the handle.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,006,631 to Miner et al. discloses the other typical adapter to be engaged in the typical ratchet. The typical adapter includes a release actuator received in a shell and having a beveled section for engaging with and for moving one or more balls outward of the shell to engage with and to secure the other tool member to the adapter. The typical ratchet includes a latching pin or a spring-biased projection engaged in the end thereof and for engaging with the adapter, in order to retain the adapter to the end of the handle. However, the end of the handle is normally O or ring-shaped and having a small thickness that have no space for receiving the spring-biased projection. The end of the handle should be drilled with a hole for receiving the spring-biased projection, such that the strength of the end of the handle will be greatly decreased. The handle also includes no suitable retaining device for solidly securing or retaining the ratchet wheel to the handle.
The present invention has arisen to mitigate and/or obviate the afore-described disadvantages of the conventional ratchet wrench.
The primary objective of the present invention is to provide a ratchet wrench including a securing device for solidly securing or retaining the socket adapter and/or the ratchet wheel to the handle of the ratchet wrench.
In accordance with one aspect of the invention, there is provided airatchet wrench comprising a handle including a head having a bore, a ratchet wheel rotatably received in the bore of the head, the ratchet wheel including an outer peripheral portion having a plurality of teeth, and including an engaging hole and an upper portion and a lower and inner peripheral portion, means for controlling a driving direction of the ratchet wheel by the head of the handle, a socket adapter including a shell engaged in the engaging hole of the ratchet wheel, and a shank extended from the shell for engaging with a tool member, a first ball engaged in the shell, a second ball engaged in the shank, and a shaft slidably engaged in the shell and the shank for selectively actuating the first ball to engage with the lower and inner peripheral portion of the ratchet wheel and to secure the ratchet wheel to the socket adapter, and for selectively actuating the second ball to engage with the tool member and to secure the tool member to the shank.
A third ball is further provided and engaged in the shell and engaged with the first ball, for allowing the first ball and the third ball to be actuated to engage with the lower and inner peripheral portion of the ratchet wheel.
The head of the handle includes an upper portion, the shell includes an enlarged knob provided on top and engaged with the upper portion of the ratchet wheel and engaged with the upper portion of the head.
A device may further be provided for retaining the upper portion of the ratchet wheel to the head.
The engaging hole of the ratchet wheel is a non-circular engaging hole, the shell includes an outer peripheral portion having a non-circular engaging surface for engaging with the non-circular engaging hole of the ratchet wheel and for allowing the shell to be rotated in concert with the ratchet wheel.
A spring-biased projection may further be provided in the shell for engaging with the ratchet wheel and for positioning the ratchet wheel to the shell.
A spring biasing device may further be provided for bias the shaft to actuate the first and the second balls.

Ratchet wrench having socket adapter securing device

No. 10, Lane 143, Sec. 1, Hsin Shen South Road


A method and apparatus for operating a pressure vessel containing a bed of particulate material comprising substantially leveling the bed and employing a fluid flow distributor above the bed.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to the operation of a pressure vessel and apparatus for carrying out such operation.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Although, for sake of clarity and brevity, this invention will be described in respect of the solution polymerization of ethylene, it is to be understood that this invention applies generally to curvilinear pressure vessels that operate at an elevated pressure, e.g., at least about 1,000 psig, and that contain a bed of particulate material through which a process fluid is to flow in a substantially uniform manner. For example, this invention can be applied to adsorbent beds, catalyst beds, and fixed beds such as those used in processes such as polymer formation.
Heretofore, linear high density polyethylene (HDPE) has been formed by polymerizing ethylene while dissolved in a solvent such as hexane. The resulting solvent solution also contains a polymerization catalyst such as the combination of TiCl4 and VOCl3. The polymerization reaction is carried out in a single liquid phase containing at least the above components using a series of stirred reactors followed by a tubular (plug flow) reactor. Downstream of the last reactor a catalyst deactivator such as acetylacetone is injected into the solution, and the resulting mixture introduced into an adsorption vessel which is a pressure vessel. In the adsorber catalyst compounds and decomposition components of the deactivator are adsorbed from the single phase solution. The polymerization reaction is carried out at an elevated temperature of from about 150 to about 280 degrees Centigrade (C.) at a pressure of from about 2,000 to about 4,000 psig. Thus, the adsorption step of this process is carried out at a very high pressure, and this requires, for sake of capital costs, an adsorber configuration that is curvilinear, typically spherical.
The adsorbent material used in this pressure vessel is typically a particulate material. These particles adsorb from the single phase liquid solution various catalyst moieties such as titanium compounds, vanadium compounds, and by-products of the decomposition of the catalyst deactivator. The adsorbent for the exemplary HDPE process above is typically activated alumina particles such as alumina spheres about 1.7 millimeters in diameter. As these particles adsorb catalyst and deactivator compounds from the single phase liquid passing through the adsorbent bed, they change in color, typically from an initially white color to varying shades of gray, to black, the darker the adsorbent particle, the greater the extent of adsorption of the aforementioned materials by that particle.
The particulate adsorbent, when initially loaded into the adsorber, is gravity poured through a nozzle opening in an upper portion of the vessel down into the interior of the vessel, and allowed to pile up therein to a predetermined level. This invariably leaves an adsorbent bed in the vessel with an uneven upper surface, typically an inverted conical surface that rises to a peak approaching, but below, the opening through which it was poured. This conical pile of particulates normally piles up at its natural angle of repose, e.g., about a 30 degree angle from the horizontal for the alumina particles used in an HDPE adsorber.
After the conical pile of adsorbant is formed in the vessel, the vessel is put into operation and the high temperature, high pressure, single phase solution aforesaid is passed into the nozzle in the vessel for contact with the adsorbent bed. This nozzle is typically an upstanding conduit whose long axis is substantially vertical. The single phase liquid solution is then passed into the nozzle at an angle that is transverse, e.g., a 90 degree angle, to the long axis of the conduit so that the solution must make a sharp turn downward in order to enter the interior of the vessel where the adsorbent bed lies.
In the exemplary HDPE process, as with many other processes, a conventional plug flow reactor is employed upstream of the adsorber to accomplish product uniformity with a uniform residence time distribution for the reactants in that reactor. By "plug flow," what is meant is substantially uniform fluid velocity distribution across a transverse cross-section of a reactor, and maintenance of that flow as that fluid passes longitudinally through the reactor from its entrance to its exit. This gives all portions of that process fluid essentially uniform residence time in the reactor. This same plug flow concept can be applied to other vessels, including, but not limited to, adsorbent vessels.
The curvilinear shape of a high pressure adsorber, the conical shape of the adsorbent bed in the adsorber, and the right angle turn the single phase solution must make after it enters the nozzle of the adsorber, all work against achieving anything like plug flow of the solution through the adsorbent bed. This causes mal-distribution of solution as it passes to and through the bed, which results in channeling of solution through localized portions of the bed. This channeling causes underutilization of the adsorbent throughout substantial volumes of that bed, while other portions, where the channeling occurs, are forced to treat too much solution. The result of channeling can be seen in a used alumina bed height profile wherein some portions (groups) of alumina particles are black, while other groups are still white, indicating no adsorption at all.
The HDPE process must be carried out in a single phase solution. If two phases (a polymer rich phase and a solution rich phase) were allowed to form, a phenomenon known in the art as "frosting" or "two-phasing" occurs wherein solid polymer forms in the interior of the reactors and adsorbers, and deposits there. Process conditions such as temperature, pressure, and mass composition of the single phase solution stream can determine whether the stream will stay in the single phase or move toward two-phasing. If two-phasing is allowed to continue unchecked, the vessels in which it is occurring will eventually plug up with solid polyethylene thereby requiring shut down of the plant, and clean up of at least the affected vessels, a costly event in terms of lost production and clean-up costs.
Mal-distribution of single phase solution flow through an adsorber bed can cause two-phasing and polymer deposition in the bed due to an undesired change in pressure where the solution channels through the bed. This can lead to plugging of at least sections of the bed, up to, and including, the entire bed if left unchecked. This then necessitates a premature and costly shut down of the adsorber and replacement of the bed with fresh adsorbent.
Thus, it is highly desirable to operate an HDPE adsorber in a manner that more closely approaches plug flow through the particulate bed. This invention does just that by attacking both the distribution of the process fluid over the bed, and the configuration of the uneven, upper surface of the bed itself. This premise applies as well to other bed containing pressure vessels such as catalyst containing vessels, and the like.

Residence time distribution method and apparatus for operating a curvilinear pressure vessel where transport phenomena take place


An operating method of a storage device comprising a nonvolatile memory device comprising a first memory stack and a second memory stack, and a memory controller coupled to control the nonvolatile memory device, the operating method includes determining a first read voltage level with which a first memory cell of the first memory stack is successfully read, and performing a read operation on a second memory cell of the second memory stack using a second read voltage determined based on the first read voltage level.

The inventive concept relates to a nonvolatile memory device, and more particularly, to a nonvolatile memory including a plurality of memory stacks.
Semiconductor memory devices are memory devices implemented by using semiconductors such as silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), gallium arsenide (GaAs), and indium phosphide (InP). The semiconductor memory devices are classified into volatile memory devices and nonvolatile memory devices.
Nonvolatile memory devices are memory devices of which data stored therein do not disappear even when power supply is interrupted. Nonvolatile memory devices may include read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), erasable PROM (EPROM), electrically EPROM (EEPROM), flash memory device, phase-change random access memory (RAM) (PRAM), magneto-resistive RAM (MRAM), resistive RAM (RRAM), and ferroelectric RAM (FRAM), etc. Flash memory devices may be classified into a negative-OR (NOR)-type and a negative-AND (NAND)-type.
A nonvolatile memory device may have a 3D memory cell array, and a double stack structure has been developed which is generated by stacking a plurality of memory stacks generated through independent channel hole forming processes. In regard to a memory cell array of the double stack structure, an input/output method different from that of a conventional single stack structure has been used.

Nonvolatile memory device and operating method of the same


A method for determining the ion channel activity of a substance comprises the steps of (i) expressing the substance as a heterologous protein in a host cell, and (ii) determining changes in permeability of the plasma membrane of the host cell induced by expression of the heterologous protein. A screening method for determining ion channel modulating activity of a test substance is also disclosed.

Biological cells are encapsulated in a membrane made of a double layer of lipids separating the intracellular contents from the outside. The lipid bilayer "sandwich" has a hydrophobic interior that prevents movement of charged particles such as ions across it. However, there are protein macromolecules that penetrate the membrane and act as portholes to allow ions to pass between the inside and outside of a cell. These structures that allow rapid movements of ions (many millions per second) across a cell membrane, with no need for an immediate energy input, are called "ion channels". The forces that influence the movement of ions through a channel are electrical and chemical. The electrical force is the electrical potential across the membrane, the chemical force is the difference in concentration of an ion on the two sides of the membrane: the combination of the two is the electrochemical gradient for an ion. If the electrochemical gradient for an ion is not zero, ions will flow through a channel when it opens (as long as the channel lets them through).
There are many varieties of ion channels that differ in their selectively, methods of gating, conductance and kinetic properties. Channels can be selective for sodium ions, or for potassium ions, or for calcium ions, or for chloride ions, or form protons etc and are classified according to the ions that pass through them most freely. For example, sodium channels are more permeable to sodium than to any other cations or anions. Channels are also classified according to the way in which they are turned on or gated. For example, voltage-activated channels open or close in response to changes in membrane potential. Ligand-gated channels are turned io when ligands such as neurotranmitters or hormones bind to their surface. Proteins to which ligands bind are commonly called receptors and many receptors are part of the same macromolecule that forms the ion channel. However, some channels are indirectly linked to receptors by second messenger systems and the channel is then separate from the receptor. Channels can also have very different conductances. Conductance, the reciprocal of resistance, is a measure of the ease with which ions pass through a channel and is given by the ratio of the current to the driving force. The conductance of different channels can range from picosiemens to hundreds of picosiemens (corresponding to resistances of 109 to 1012 ohms). Finally, channels can have very different "duty cycles". Some are open most of the time while others open infrequently. Some flicker rapidly between open and closed states while others do not. Changes in the environment of channels (e.g the presence of drugs) can change these characteristics. Indeed it is becoming clear that many drugs exert their effects on cells and organs by binding to surface receptors and influencing channel behaviour.
The function of all cells in an animal or other organism depends on the ion channels formed by membrane proteins which provide a pathway for movement of ions between compartments in a cell and between the interior and exterior of cells. These movements of ions are essential for normal cell function, and all biological cells (including bacteria and even enveloped viruses such as the influenza and HIV viruses) contain ion channels. Ion channels are fundamental to cellular functions such as transmission of signals in nervous systems, cell division, production of antibodies by lymphocytes, replication of virus particles within cells and secretion of fluid and electrolytes.
A wide variety of diseases such as cystic fibrosis, muscular dystrophies, stroke, epilepsy and cardiac arrhythmias are related to disorders of ion channel function. In addition, it has recently been discovered that some viruses have proteins that form ion channels that are needed in the normal life-cycle of the virus. For example, there is now good evidence that a protein (M2) in influenza A virus forms an ion channel that is necessary for virus replication, and drugs such as amantadine that block this channel inhibit replication of the influenza A virus. Amantadine (1-aminoadamantane hydrochloride) and its analogue rimantidine have been found empirically to be effective in the prophylaxis and treatment of influenza caused by the influenza A virus. These drugs, at the therapeutic concentrations, inhibit replication of the influenza A virus both in vitro and in vivo. However, they can become ineffective because of the development of resistant strains of the virus and this reduces their value as therapeutic agents.
Other drugs which work by modulating ion channel function include calcium channel blockers which are used as anti-anginal and antihypertensive agents, barbiturates which cause sleep and inhibit epileptic seizures by increasing movements of chloride ions across receptors activated by gamma-amininobutyric acid (GABA), and benzodiazepines which relieve anxiety and produce anaesthesia by increasing GABA receptor activity.
In the past, the discovery of drugs which block ion channels has been largely serendipitous. Drugs that have been discovered in this way include general anaesthetics such as ether and halothane, the barbiturates and benzodiazepines. Thus, ether was originally used like alcohol at parties, and the reversible anaesthetic effect of halothane was discovered during leakage of refrigerant from a compressor. Similarly, the discovery of the antiarryhthmic action of quinidine followed use of quinine as an antimalarial drug.
Realisation that ion channels could prove to be an important site of drug action has lead to a search for effective ways of screening the activity of potential therapeutic substances that affect ion channel activity. Although electrophysiological techniques can be used to detect current flow when ions move across channels, the methods are too tedious and time-consuming for routine screening of ion channel activity.
Vpu is a small phosphorylated integral membrane protein encoded by the HIV-1 genome which associates with the Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum membranes in infected cells, but has not been detected in the plasma membrane nor in the viral envelope. The protein is 80-82 amino acids long depending on the viral isolate, with an N-terminal transmembrane anchor and a hydrophilic cytoplasmic C-terminal domain. The C-terminal domain contains a 12 amino-acid sequence that is conserved in all isolates and contains two serine residues that are phosphorylated. Using standard techniques associated with reconstitution of the purified HIV-1 Vpu protein in planar lipid bilayers, it has been shown that the Vpu protein forms cation selective ion channels in phospholipid bilayers (8). Further work is now directed to finding drugs that block these channels, and testing them as potential anti-HIV-1 therapeutic agents. While screening for such drugs is possible using the above mentioned planar lipid bilayer method, this method has the disadvantage of requiring large quantities of highly purified Vpu protein and is limited in that only one compound can be tested per bilayer, making it a relatively slow and inefficient screening assay.
Because of these disadvantages, there is a need for an ion channel assay system that can be used both to detect the ion channel activity of biologically important peptides and proteins, and to screen the effectiveness of potential therapeutic substances that might interact with ion channels and modulate ion channel function.
Some organisms such as bacteria accumulate amino acids and other substances by using the energy of a cation concentration gradient. If a substance such as a peptide, polypeptide or protein that forms a channel is inserted in the cell membrane and dissipates the gradient, the organism can no longer accumulate essential substances and growth is inhibited. This growth inhibition can be detected directly. Thus, the activity of potential therapeutic substances that might influence the function of a channel can be quickly screened by examining their effects on growth of an organism containing the channel-forming peptide, polypeptide or protein.

Method for determining ion channel activity of a substance


A latching system is provided for an electrical connector which includes a connector housing mounting a plurality of conductive terminals in a terminal module for contacting the terminals of an appropriate mating connecting device. At least one elongated latch arm has a front latching end and a rear end. The latch arm has an enlarged integral pivot portion intermediate its opposite ends. The housing includes an elongated groove for receiving the elongated latch arm. The groove has an enlarged journal portion for receiving the pivot portion of the latch arm. The groove has an enlarged cavity portion at one side thereof. A spring independent of the latch arm is located in the enlarged cavity portion of the groove for pivoting the latch arm in a latching direction.

This invention generally relates to the art of electrical connectors and, particularly, to a latching system for such connectors.
Generally, an electrical connector typically includes some form of housing which mounts a plurality of conductive terminals for connection to the terminals of a complementary mating connecting device such as a second connector. When the connector is mated with the mating device or second connector, some form of latching means often is provided to prevent the connectors from becoming unintentionally unmated.
Heretofore, many latching devices, arms or the like have been formed integrally with the connector housing. However, such integral latch arms cause problems in that they often do not provide sufficient latching forces and they are prone to damage or breakage. Latch arms which are independent of the connector housing have been used but, when a pair of latch arms are used, they are difficult to unlatch simultaneously. Also, spring members, which are integrally formed with the latch arm, do not always provide consistently predictable forces without the use of tight manufacturing control. Inconsistent forces can cause differential latching side loads which can result in one side of the connector assembly becoming decoupled and causing signal loss and potential damage to the latched components. In addition, the latch arms with separate spring members are not easily manufactured due to, for example, means for attaching the spring member to the latch arm. The present invention is directed to solving these problems by providing an improved latch arm arrangement in an electrical connector assembly.
An object, therefore, of the invention is to provide a new and improved latching system for an electrical connector.
In the exemplary embodiment of the invention, a connector housing has a front mating end and a rear terminating end. The housing mounts a plurality of conductive terminals for contacting the terminals of an appropriate mating connecting device. At least one elongated latch arm has a front latching end and a rear actuating/unlatching end. The latch arm has an enlarged integral pivot portion intermediate its front and rear ends. The housing includes an elongated groove extending between its front mating end and rear terminating end. The groove receives the elongated latch arm, with the front latching end of the arm near the front mating end of the housing and the rear actuating/unlatching end of the arm exposed at the rear terminating end of the housing. The groove has an enlarged journal portion for receiving the enlarged pivot portion of the latch arm. The groove also has an enlarged cavity portion at one side thereof. A spring is provided independent of the latch arm for pivoting the latch arm about the pivot portion thereof and biasing the front latching end of the latch arm in a latching direction. The spring is located in the enlarged cavity portion of the elongated groove in the connector housing.
As disclosed herein, a pair of the elongated latch arms are provided and are positioned in a corresponding pair of the elongated grooves at opposite sides of the connector housing. Preferably, the elongated latch arms are fabricated of metal material. An insulating covering is provided over the rear actuating/unlatching end of each latch arm. The spring also is preferably fabricated of metal material.
According to one aspect of the invention, the spring for each latch arm and the enlarged cavity portion for each respective groove are located rearwardly of the pivot portion of the respective latch arm and the journal portion of the groove. The springs are located inside the latch arms behind the pivot portions of the arms to bias the front latching ends of the arms in inwardly latching directions.
According to another aspect of the invention, each spring is formed as a leaf spring which has opposite ends folded back over an intermediate portion thereof. The opposite ends are adjacent each other and spaced from the intermediate portion.

Latching system for electrical connectors


A method of filing geographical maps and a method of reading the filed ma The maps cover a zone called scale zone. For filing, the maps are arranged in order, each map is turned through a digitization angle, it is digitized by a scanner and the useless portions are cut out therefrom, the maps are located so as to determine the deformation thereof, the digitized, cut out and located maps are stored on a buffer by juxtaposing them, and the information of the buffer is stored on a digital optical disk. For reading, the map containing a point with given geographical coordinates to be placed in the center of a display screen is determined by its contour.

1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates first and foremost to the filing of geographical maps.
2. Description of Related Art
Filing of geographical maps involves the prior acquisition of numerous information--it is that which is to be filed--so as to be able to re-read this information afterwards. Such filing must be particularly useful, in the navigational, air, sea or even land sectors, e.g. at the time of preparing a mission, so as to apprehend not only a vast geographical sector but also portions of this sector. Filing must also have the advantage of being able to "read" the information stored in combination with other information, such as flight plans, trajectories to follow, objectives to reach, superimposed on the first.
In short, filing must have the advantage of not requiring cumbersome space for the storage of maps.
The means at present available for filing maps are essentially photographic (production of films) and mechanical (passing of films).
Considering the unwieldiness of such means, the advantages which filing ought to provide are not.

Method of filing geographical maps and method of reading the filed maps

Societe d'Applications Generales d'Electricite et de Mecanique S.A.G.E.M.


A current sharing apparatus and a method thereof are provided. The current sharing apparatus comprises an input terminal, an output terminal, a current-sharing control terminal, a pass transistor, a constant voltage generating unit, a feedback control circuit and a current-sharing control unit. The current-sharing control terminal provides a current-sharing control interface. The pass transistor receives an input voltage and provides an output voltage and an output current. The feedback control circuit senses the output current to provide a current-sense signal and regulates a control signal of the pass transistor for controlling an output of the current-sharing apparatus. Moreover, the current-sharing control unit electrically coupled to the current-sharing control terminal and the feedback control circuit generates a bus signal in response to the current-sense signal and a reference voltage and generates a reference signal in response to the reference voltage, the bus signal and the current-sense signal.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a current-sharing apparatus and a method thereof, and more particularly, to a current-sharing apparatus for automatically regulating the respective current-sharing amount and a method thereof.
2. Description of the Related Art
In general, the lifespan of an electronic element is significantly correlated to its operating temperature. The operating temperature also varies in direct proportion to a current flowing across the electronic element. For example, when an input voltage of a voltage regulator is very high, an output current and a voltage drop of the voltage regulator inevitably generate a certain amount of power consumption. Such power consumption increases the operating temperature of the voltage regulator.
The voltage regulator is commonly applied in the power management system of various electronic products for providing a regulated electrical power. FIG. 1 schematically shows a circuit diagram of a conventional voltage regulator. The voltage regulator comprises an unregulated DC input voltage VIN, a pass transistor 10, a regulated DC output voltage VO and a voltage divider composed of resistors 31 and 32. In addition, the voltage regulator further comprises a feedback control circuit electrically coupled to the pass transistor 10. Moreover, the feedback control circuit comprises an error amplifier 20 and a reference voltage VREF generated by a constant voltage generating unit 40. The feedback control circuit is electrically coupled to the DC output voltage VO via the voltage divider, and the resistors 31 and 32 are connected in series between the regulated DC output voltage VO and a ground reference. A joint of the resistors 31 and 32 is electrically coupled to a positive terminal of the error amplifier 20, and the reference voltage VREF is electrically coupled to a negative terminal of the error amplifier 20. In addition, an output terminal of the error amplifier 20 is electrically coupled to a gate of the pass transistor 10. Moreover, the feedback control circuit controls the impedance of the pass transistor 10 by modulating a gate voltage of the pass transistor 10. Currents with different levels are provided to an output terminal of the voltage regulator by the pass transistor 10 in response to the gate voltage of the pass transistor 10. Accordingly, a stable DC voltage is provided regardless the variances of the load condition and the input voltage of the voltage regulator.
A disadvantage of the conventional voltage regulator is that the operating temperature is too high when the input voltage is high. Another disadvantage of the conventional voltage regulator is that a voltage drop VD of the pass transistor 10 and the output current IO inevitably generate a power consumption PD. The power consumption PD causes an increment of the operating temperature of the voltage regulator. Since the operating temperature significantly impacts the lifespan of the voltage regulator, in order to improve its reliability, the operating temperature must be reduced as much as possible. Packaging process is also another factor to impact the operating temperature of the voltage regulator. It determines the thermo resistance and limits the thermo radiation. However, the packaging process with lower thermo resistance leads to a higher cost.


An electronic apparatus includes a touch panel, a vibration generator configured to vibrate the touch pane, a sound generator, and a controller. In response to an operation by the user onto the operation unit, in addition to a control provided to the vibration generator to cause the touch panel to vibrate, the controller performs (i) a control provided to the display screen to change displaying of the operation unit, or (ii) a control provided to the sound generator to generate a sound, or (iv) both the control provided to the vibration generator and the control provided to the sound generator.

An operation function of a device equipped with a touch sensor, for example, a touch sensor of a smartphone or a car navigation system is executed by operating an icon, a switch, or the like displayed on the liquid crystal display with a finger. However, when operating a switch or the like displayed on the touch sensor, compared to mechanical switches such as a tact switch and a metal contact switch, feedback at the time of operation, for example, a click feeling or a feeling of unevenness is not transmitted to the user's finger.


A semiconductor memory device includes a stacked body including a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer stacked on the first electrode layer, and first and second interconnections on a first surface of the stacked body. The first and second electrode layers have first and second end surfaces respectively in the first surface. The first interconnection is electrically connected to the first electrode layer through a first region of the first end surface; and the second interconnection is electrically connected to the second electrode layer through a second region of the second end surface. The first and second interconnections extend in a first direction on the first surface. The first and second regions are arranged in a second direction crossing the first direction with a crossing angle smaller than 90 degrees. The first region and the second region each have a boundary along the second direction.

A NAND type semiconductor memory device, which comprises three-dimensionally arranged memory cells, includes a plurality of word lines stacked and a semiconductor channel body extending therethrough. The memory cells provided along the semiconductor channel body are driven by the word lines respectively. Although the stacked word lines need to be electrically connected to interconnections respectively, the connection structure thereof may be complicated in such a semiconductor memory device. Thus, there is a demand for a simple structure capable of connecting the stacked word lines to the interconnections respectively.

Semiconductor memory device and method for manufacturing same


A method and apparatus for replenishing the water supply in a water pan of a water smoker grill. An external water supply is permanently or removably attached to the side of a water smoker grill. A water supply tube extends from the external water supply into the water pan of the water smoker grill. As water is boiled off from the water pan and the level in the water pan descends below a minimum level below the level of the outlet tube, water is allowed to replenish the water supply in the water pan, thereby increasing the cooking time without having to remove the lid of the water smoker grill to replace the water.

Water smoker grills are used along with barbecues to provide a different type of cooking method for meats and vegetables. It is well known that a water smoker grill uses some form of heat source, usually electrical, gas or charcoal, to boil water which then cooks the meat or vegetables in question. In order to add flavor to the food being cooked, flavored chips of varying types are placed in the heat source, and the smoke particles from these flavor chips then provide a pleasing smoky flavor to the food being cooked.
The heat source in the water smoker grills heats a pan of water which then boils, providing heat and moisture which aids in the cooking of the food in question.
Existing water smoker grills allow the water pan to be filled either through a side opening where water must somehow be poured into the pan or, as is frequently the case, the user simply raises the top or lid of the smoke grill and pours water down into the pan.
The difficulty with water smoker grills is that the water supply in the pan boils away, requiring the pan to be refilled periodically during the course of cooking. Whenever this must be done, the refill method is awkward and can result in water being poured on the food being cooked, or the water might partially go into the water pan and partially onto the heat source, thus extinguishing the heat source, or in the case of an electrical grill, water will fall upon the electrical element, potentially causing damage to the element. In addition, raising the lid of the water smoker grill lets heat out of the grill. Thereafter, for cooking to continue, the heat must build up inside the grill over a period of time. Thus, cooking is interrupted while water is being added to the water pan. Failure to refill the water pan at the appropriate time results in the food being over cooked and dried out.
What would be useful is a method of refilling the water pan such that water will not get onto the heat source, or the food during replenishment of the water supply. This would lend itself to a more even cooking of the food and would also allow the water smoker grill to cook in an unattended fashion for a longer period of time since water will not be needed midway through the cooking process.

Water smoker grill with automatic water replenishment


An underwater manipulator arm robot comprises: a plurality of links that are connected to one another by joint modules for generating a flexural motion of the robot; multiple thrust devices located at different points along the length of the robot for applying thrust to the robot for propulsion and/or guidance; and at least one tool, or at least one connection point for a tool, attached to the robot; wherein the flexural motion and/or thrust devices enable movement of the robot and control of the orientation and/or location of the tool.

Submersible robots are used for various purposes in the prior art. Autonomous and remotely controlled robots can take many forms and sizes and have been adapted for numerous purposes. Some known designs are used only for surveillance and monitoring, and are not able to interact directly with other objects, on a physical level. Such robots include so-called 'snake robots', which move with an eel-like or fish-like motion. Other known designs include gliders using buoyancy driven propulsion for mapping and monitoring, ROVs (remotely operated vehicles) and AUVs (autonomous underwater vehicles) with manipulators for physical interaction with other objects, such as robotic arms holding grasping mechanisms and other tools. The ROV or AUV must provide a stable base in order to support the arm, and hence such vehicles are relatively large and cumbersome. Gliders are limited in accuracy when it comes to guidance, navigation and control, and are only able to work effectively as they undulate downwards or upwards. This makes it difficult to use underwater manipulator robots when it is required to manipulate an object in a small space, or when the access to the working area is narrow.


Methods for creating coatings composed of a single material or a composite of multiple materials, beginning with ESC to deposit the base layer and then using other methods for the binding step beyond CVI. Also, for certain materials and applications, some pre-processing or pre-treatment of the coating materials is necessary prior to deposition in order to achieve a satisfactory coating. This application discloses methods for pre-deposition treatment of materials prior to ESC deposition. It also discloses methods for post-processing that provide additional functionality or performance characteristics of the coating. Finally, this application discloses certain apparatus and equipment for accomplishing the methods described herein.

The present invention relates to methods and apparatus for making coatings and articles from various material compositions involving use of electrostatic spray as the core method of coating deposition. These coatings may be used for a variety of applications, including as examples: abrasion-resistant coatings for cutting tools and wear parts, solid lubricant coatings for tools and wear parts, bio-friendly or biocidal coatings for biomedical implants, and thin film coatings for microelectronics, among others. Using the processes and equipment designs described in the detailed description section hereof, coatings may be applied to many different substrate materials and parts having simple or complex 3-dimensional geometries.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,607,782 issued Aug. 19, 2003 to Ajay P. Malshe, et al., disclosed a method that uses electrostatic spray coating (ESC) to deposit a base layer or preform on a substrate, followed by chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) to introduce a binder phase that creates a composite coating with good adherence of the binder to the initial phase particles and adherence of the composite coating to the substrate.

Methods and apparatus for making coatings using electrostatic spray

The Board of Trustees of the University of Arkansas


There is provided an information processing system, comprising: a viewing apparatus equipped with a content reproduction unit that reproduces content containing video data or audio data; a radio communication apparatus equipped with a storage unit in which user data correlated to a user to whom said radio communication apparatus belongs are stored and a data transmitting unit that transmits viewer data that include part of or all of said user data stored in said storage unit; and an information processing apparatus equipped with an analyzing unit that analyzes, based upon the user data, a viewership effect of the content reproduced by said viewing apparatus and a content distribution unit that distributes content data to be used to reproduce the content to said viewing apparatus.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an information processing system and a viewership effect measuring method.
2. Description of the Related Art
Ratings measured by a ratings measuring apparatus are widely used as an index indicating the promotion effect of a television program or as an index indicating the level of viewer interest in a matter presented in a broadcast program. A standard ratings measuring apparatus detects a channel that is tuned-in from the antenna line of the receiver onto which the television signal corresponding to the tuned-in channel leaks and transmits information related to the detected tuned-in channel to a center via a communication network.
There are also systems adopted in practical applications whereby tuned-in channels are detected as described above and also ratings information corresponding to various viewer demographic groups is collected by allowing viewers watching television to manually indicate their attributes. The ratings information collected in correspondence to the individual viewer demographic groups, enabling accurate analysis of the viewing tendency of each viewer demographic group, proves to be a useful tool for television programming and for formulating effective advertising targeting strategies. However, such a system requires the viewers themselves to indicate their individual attributes and thus imposes an operational onus on the viewers. There is an added issue in that accurate information may not always be collected through such a system.
These challenges are addressed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 3974953 disclosing a technology whereby a dictionary containing preregistered images is referenced to match an image obtained by capturing a image of a current viewer in order to collect attribute information indicating the attributes of the particular viewer without requiring any viewer operation.

Image processing system and viewership effect measuring method


A surface mountable multiformat card reader for vending equipment is disclosed. According to one aspect, the subject matter described herein includes a surface mountable card reader that comprises a mounting bracket for attaching to a vending machine. The surface mountable card reader also includes a card reader housing that extends outward from the mounting bracket. The housing, which includes a channel spaced outwardly from the mounting bracket for receiving a magnetic stripe card, comprises a radio frequency (RF) proximity reader that is adapted for receiving data via an RF signal from a contactless card. The housing also comprises a magnetic stripe reader that is adapted for receiving data from magnetic stripe cards that pass through the channel.

Installation of various payment media readers in vending equipment is limited by the available front panel space and internal clearances. The vending machine industry provides various cutouts in a vending machine's front panel for various types of currency acceptors or payment card (e.g., credit card, debit card, etc.) acceptors. Consequently, there is typically only enough space to accommodate a bill acceptor or an insertion type card reader. Specifically, the physical form and dimensions of a conventional bill acceptor prevents the installation of an insertion type card reader since the bill acceptor requires internal clearances for the currency stacking mechanism. Thus, a vending machine operator is usually required to choose between a currency acceptor and an insertion type card reader. However, since space is more often limited by internal clearances as opposed to the space on the vending machine's front panel, implementation of alternative payment mechanisms and readers may be possible.
One type of reader that it may be desirable to implement on a vending machine is a radio frequency (RF) proximity reader for reading contactless cards brought in proximity to the reader. It may also be desirable to allow users to use both contactless cards and conventional magnetic stripe cards to purchase goods from vending machines. However, current insertion-type card readers do not read contactless RF cards and their internal circuitry and footprint on the front panel of a vending machine limits the ability to add RF card readers.
Accordingly, there exists a need for providing the capability to read magnetic and contactless RF cards in a vending machine.

Surface mountable multiformat reader for vending machine application


A compact fluid actuated working cylinder is disclosed having a cam driven by a piston via a flexible tension member. At the ends of the cylinder housing there are deflection pulleys for providing continuous tension for the tension member. The pulleys are each mounted on pulley supports which extend from secondary bores in the main cylinder housing. The pulley supports are spring loaded and urge the two pulleys away from the cylinder housing and each other. The pulley supports are preferably rectangular in cross-section to protect against torsion.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a fluid actuated working cylinder having a cam driven by a piston via a flexible tension member. More specifically, this invention relates to a compact working cylinder which utilizes spring loaded deflection elements to maintain constant tension on the tension member.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The prior art is characterized by working cylinders shown in West German Patent No. 28 30 058, U.K. Patent Application 2 051 957 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,472,981. A working cylinder is generally constructed of a cylinder having a two faced piston slidably mounted therein, a cam or other sliding element mounted exterior to the cylinder, and a tensioning member connecting the two elements. A cylinder of this type is utilized to replace a piston and piston rod device because of its generally smaller size, in applications where such size is critical.
The cylinder is generally designed such that a chamber is formed on either side of the piston in the cylinder. The two chambers may be selectively pressurized to move the piston along the longitudinal axis of the cylinder. Movement of the piston thus results in equal movement of the cam on the exterior of the device because of the interconnection therebetween of the tensioning member.
Peter, U.S. Pat. No. 4,472,981 discloses a system in which the piston is mounted within the cylinder and the cam is adapted to be displaced by an inelastic tensioning member. The cam is suspended from the tensioning member and runs longitudinally along the exterior of the cylinder. The primary focus of the reference is the use of springs in the cam member, where the tensioning member is affixed. During operation, the piston and cam are repeatedly and quickly displaced. This rapid and sudden movement tends to wear the rollers and tensioning belts quickly. Springs are utilized to connect the ends of the tensioning belts to the cam, and are adapted to absorb some of the shock of a rapid movement or change of direction of the cam and piston.
During operation of any of the working cylinders, changes in the length of the tensioning member, or deviations in the length of replacement tensioning members is encountered. Additionally, mounting of the tensioning member is time consuming and difficult if the rollers must be permanently adjusted to tension the belt. The relatively small displacement of the springs does not allow for large tension in the tensioning members, nor will it compensate for anything but the smallest of deviations in the length of the tensioning member. Finally, the exterior mounting of the cam and its suspension or support from the tensioning member increase the chances of damage or interference with the movement of the cam.
United Kingdom Application 2 051 957 discloses a device utilizing two interconnected parallel cylinders, one of which is smaller than the other. A piston is mounted in each cylinder, and both are connected by tensioning members from each face to the corresponding face of the other piston. This device thus creates two pressure chambers, formed by the two pistons, one on each set of piston faces. The tensioning members are passed from one cylinder to the other and reverse direction therebetween by being passed over a pulley. The pulleys are connected to shafts which extend outside the cylinder housing and translate the movement of the pistons to other forms. The shafts themselves may be utilized for angular displacement, or pulleys may be mounted thereon with belts mounted across the exterior pulleys to achieve linear displacement in proportion to the movement of the internal pistons and tensioning members.
This device utilizes a self-tensioning system in one embodiment, in which one of the shafts is mounted in a cylinder head which is moveable with relation to the main cylinder housing. The cylinder head is held in position by a plurality of spring loaded studs, which urge the cylinder head away from the main cylinder housing. In this fashion, tension is maintained on both the internal tensioning members and the outer belts, as the shaft about which they are mounted is displaced away from the second, immobile shaft. This device, while providing for tensioning of the tensioning members and external belts, suffers from the same detrimental characteristics as the device described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,472,981. The exterior mounting of the linear motion belts allows for damage or interference with the motion of the device. Similarly, the size of the device is increased by the space required for external pulleys and belts.
Lastly, West German Patent No. 28 30 058 describes a working cylinder having deflection pulleys located in the end areas of the cylinder housing. Each deflector pulley is positioned on an axle that is mounted transverse to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder housing and serves as support for the deflector pulley. Spring-loaded devices are provided which apply loading to the axle in a direction away from the cylinder, so that the tension member is under constant tension.
The disadvantage of this working cylinder is, like the other devices described above, the particular arrangement of the deflector pulleys on the working cylinder. These pulleys are very bulky in design and require considerable space. What is lacking in the art, therefore, is a working cylinder which provides a self-tensioning feature, but is at the same time compact and resistant to external interference with its operation.

Compact fluid actuated working cylinder with spring loaded tensioning member

WABCO Westinghouse Steuerungstechnik GmbH & Co.


There is disclosed an exit trim that permits simplified changing of the handing of a lever handle between a left hand and a right hand orientation. The handing orientation of the lever handle can be repositioned without disassembling the exit trim or removing components positioned within the exit trim.

Lever handles for doors can be repositioned approximately 180 degrees apart depending on whether the lever handle will be used on a door that opens from the left hand side or a door that opens from the right hand side. Typically lever handles are changed between right hand and left hand orientations by removing and reorienting portions of the handle assembly and/or disassembling the exit trim to gain access to and re-orienting adjustable internal components to allow operation of the internal mechanisms when the handing is reversed. These can be both time consuming and cumbersome for the exit trim installer, particularly in a field installation situation.
In addition, attempts at unauthorized entry can result in damage to the internal components of the exit trim when an excessive over-turn force is applied to a lever handle. As a result, the damaged internal components must be identified and then replaced to allow the door to function properly. Accordingly there remains a need for further contributions in this area of technology.


Systems, devices and methods that enable advertisement on mobile computing applications are provided. More specifically, described herein are devices and methods that are capable of delivering relatively more friendly advertising information to a user while causing less interference on graphics-based user interfaces of such devices. Integral projector modules which may be embedded in mobile computing devices are also provided. These modules may be capable of externally projecting advertising content upon most any surface.

Online advertising is an important advertising medium that continues to grow rapidly as use of and access to the Internet expands. In particular, the Internet continues to make available ever-increasing amounts of information which may be stored in databases and accessed therefrom. Additionally, with the proliferation of portable terminals (e.g., notebook computers, cellular telephones, personal data assistants (PDAs), smartphones and other similar communication devices), users are becoming more mobile, and hence, more reliant upon information accessible via the Internet. Accordingly, the connectivity available via the Internet is frequently used to "surf" or lookup information available on the Web.
Mobile computing applications such as electronic mail (e-mail) or Internet browsing has particularly become more and more popular on mobile devices. Unfortunately, online advertising has not effectively leveraged the proliferation of mobile devices, especially not on mobile devices having small display screens. Consider cellular phones, smart phones or PDA devices as examples, most of these devices have a display screen size about two inches to four inches. This limited display real estate makes it difficult, if not impossible, to effectively place advertising information onto the screen together with user information such as, browser search results, video, application user interfaces, etc. Conventional systems typically replace user content with advertisement content. As may be understood, this diminishes the user experience and compromises effectiveness of the advertisement.

Advertisement content selection and presentation


This disclosure belongs to the field of biomedical technology, and particularly refers to a trifunctional molecule and the application thereof. The structure of the trifunctional molecule includes a first functional domain, a second functional domain and a third functional domain. These domains are capable of simultaneously binding to CD19, CD3, and T cell positive (negative) costimulatory factors, thereby producing the first and second signal required for T cell activation. The trifunctional molecule is a recombinant protein peptide chain, which can be produced by a eukaryotic cell expression system. The product has a single structure, simple purification process, high protein yield, and preparation process and product stability. The trifunctional molecule is superior to the anti-CD19/anti-CD3 BiTE bispecific antibody in killing CD19-positive target cells. Compared with the CAR-T technology targeting CD19, the trifunctional molecule is more convenient to use, the dose is controllable, and the side effects of CAR-T are avoided.

The human CD19 antigen is a transmembrane glycoprotein of 95 kDa, which belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. In addition to being expressed on the surface of normal B lymphocytes, CD19 is also highly expressed in B cell malignancies. Therefore, the anti-CD19 monoclonal full-length antibody has been developed for the treatment of acute/chronic lymphocytic leukemia and B-cell lymphoma (Wang K et al., Experimental Hematology & Oncology, 1:36-42, 2012). In view of the inability of anti-CD19 monoclonal antibodies to efficiently recruit cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs, CD3 and CD8 positive T cells that specifically recognize antigenic peptide/MHC class I complexes on the surface of target cells, release of perforin after self-activation thus induce target cells rupture and death, can also secrete cytotoxin and granzyme to induce apoptosis of target cells by DNA damage), bispecific antibodies connecting T cells and lymphoma B cells have been designed and developed, as well as chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy (CAR-T) (Zhukovsky E A et al., Current Opinion in Immunology, 40:24-35, 2016).
Currently, a fairly developed type of bispecific antibody targeting CD19 is an anti-CD19/anti-CD3 bispecific T cell engager (BiTE). The structure of BiTE consists of two single-chain variable fragment (scFv) domains that covalently linked by a flexible linker. (Goebeler M E et al, Leukemia & Lymphoma, 57: 1021-1032, 2016). During the cellular immunity of the body, the TCR/CD3 complex on the surface of CD8-positive T cells specifically recognizes the endogenous antigen peptide/MHC class I complex on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APC). This leads to the interaction of CD3 with the cytoplasmic domain of the co-receptor CD8, thus activates the protein tyrosine kinase that links to the tail of the cytoplasmic domain. The activated tyrosine kinase induces tyrosine phosphorylation of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) of the CD3 cytoplasmic domain. This initiates a signaling cascade that activates transcription factors to activate T cells. Anti-CD19/anti-CD3 BiTE bispecific antibody with the binding activity of human CD3 and CD19 antigens, is able to form a cell-cell association between T cells and B tumor cells, which simultaneously provides T cell initial activation signal and enhances its ability of killing target tumor cells. However, the BiTE bispecific antibody does not contain the Fc region and has small molecular weight (˜54 kDa), so it can cross the hematuria barrier and the cerebral blood barrier during tumor treatment. Thus it has low bioavailability and requires continuous intravenous injection. Also it is neurotoxic.
Furthermore, activation of human T cells requires a dual signaling pathway (Baxter A G et al, Nature Reviews Immunology, 2: 439-446, 2002). First, the antigen peptide-MHC complex on the membrane of APC cells interacts with the TCR/CD3 complex on the membrane of T cells to generate a first signal, allowing T cells to be partially activated. The costimulatory ligands on the membrane of APC cells (CD80, CD86, 4-1BBL, B7RP-1, OX40L, GITRL, CD40, CD70, PD-L1, PD-L2, Galectin-9, and HVEM, etc.) bind to co-stimulatory molecules on the membrane of T cells (such as CD28, 4-1BB, ICOS, OX40, GITR, CD40L, CD27, CTLA-4, PD-1, LAG-3, TIM-3, TIGIT, BTLA, etc.) to produce a second signal which fully activates T cells. Costimulatory molecules can be either positive (co-stimulation) or negative (co-inhibition). Co-stimulatory molecules include CD28 4-1BB, ICOS, OX40, GITR, CD40L and CD27, interacting with the corresponding ligands CD80, CD86, 4-1BBL, B7RP-1, OX40L, GITRL, CD70, etc. The co-stimulatory signal can lead to complete activation of T cells. While CTLA-4, PD-1, LAG-3, TIM-3, TIGIT and BTLA are negative costimulatory (co-inhibition) molecules, and the corresponding ligands include CD80, CD86, PD-L1, PD-L2, Galectin-9, HVEM, etc. The negative costimulatory signal is primarily for the down-regulation and termination of T cell activation. Studies have shown that the first signaling pathway itself cannot fully activate T cells, which usually leads to its disability and activation induced cell death (AICD). To solve this problem, a bispecific antibody against a tumor antigen and anti-T cell positive/negative costimulatory molecule can be used in combination with an anti-tumor antigen/anti-CD3 bispecific antibody to enhance T cell activation and tumor cell Killing efficacy (Jung G et al, Int J Cancer, 91: 225-230, 2001; Kodama H et al, Immunol Lett, 81: 99-106, 2002). However, this method has many inconveniences in practice. It increases the workload and manufacturing cost of recombinant bispecific antibody expression and purification, and requires optimization of relative proportion between two bispecific antibodies for T cell activation and proliferation. In contrast, CAR-T technology can active T cell in a better way. The structure of CAR typically includes a tumor-associated antigen binding region, an extracellular hinge region, a transmembrane region, and an intracellular signaling region. The intracellular signaling domain is responsible for T cell activation. The first stimulation signal is provided by the tyrosine activation motif from the CD3 chain, and then it is amplified by the CD28 costimulatory signal to promote T cell proliferation and activation. It also induces secretion of cytokines and anti-apoptotic proteins, thus delays cell death. However, CAR-T technology is deficient in some aspects. First, the technology relies on virus transduction to genetically modify T cells, which places high requirements on experimental technology. Secondly, the in vitro expanded and activated CAR-T cells need to be infused to the patient and the dosage is more difficult to control compared to the antibody drugs. In addition, the enormous number of CAR-T cells can lead to cytokine storm in a short period of time. The side effect can be high fever, hypotension, shock and even death.

Trifunctional molecule and application thereof


A computing apparatus and corresponding method for operating are disclosed. The computing apparatus may comprise a set of interconnected central processing units (CPUs). Each CPU may embed an operating system including a kernel comprising a protocol stack. At least one of the CPUs may further embed executable instructions for allocating multiple strands among the rest of the CPUs. The protocol stack may comprise a Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), a User Datagram Protocol/Internet Protocol (UDP/IP) stack, an Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) stack or any other suitable Internet protocol. The method for operating the computing apparatus may comprise receiving input/output (I/O) requests, generating multiple strands according to the I/O requests, and allocating the multiple strands to one or more CPUs.

Computing devices such as desktop computers, laptop computers, cell phones, smartphones, personal digital assistants (PDA), and many other electronic devices are widely deployed. The primary element of such computing devices is a central processing unit (CPU), or a processor, which is responsible for executing instructions of one or more computer programs. The CPU executes each program instruction in sequence to perform the basic arithmetical, logical, and input/output operations of the computing device. Design and implementation of such devices in general, and CPUs in particular, may vary; however, their fundamental functionalities remain very similar.
Traditionally, in a computing device, the CPU is coupled to a memory and an Input/Output (I/O) subsystem, directly or through a bus, to perform the main functions of computing devices such as inputting and outputting data, processing data, and so forth. The memory may embed an operating system (OS), computer programs, applications, and so forth.
Conventional operating systems are quite similar in architecture, in that each tends to have conventional file and memory operations, storage and graphical user interface operations, and so forth. Architectures of conventional operating systems include a layered design, device drivers, and Application Programming Interfaces (APIs).
In conventional operating systems, a core kernel essentially has master control over all the operations of the overlying software, components, device drivers, applications, and so forth. Traditionally, operating systems implement 'multi-tasking' through time slicing and sequential allocation of computer resources to various threads and processes. A thread generally runs within a process and shares resources, e.g., memory, with other threads within the same process, whereas a process generally runs 'self-contained' within its own right and completely independently of any other process. In multi-tasking, when a computing device includes a single processor, the operating system instructs the processor to switch between different threads and implement them sequentially. Switching generally happens frequently enough that the user may perceive the threads (or tasks) as running simultaneously.
Many conventional computing devices utilize multiprocessors, or multicore processors, which may truly allocate multiple threads or tasks to run at the same time on different cores. However, conventional multicore processor architectures involve a small number of cores (typically 2, 4, 6, or 8 cores) due to the design limitations of traditional hardware and traditional operating systems. In the case of a conventional multicore processor, the computing device still must implement time slicing and switching between different threads on each of its cores when performing several tasks involving multithreading allocated through the cores. In other words, even conventional multicore processors cannot implement true multitasking.
Traditional processor architectures are also known to experience hanging, cycling, or crashing of the threads when applications are poorly written or purposely malicious. In many instances, a thread crash may bring the whole processor down and result in time-division multiplexing of various threads or processes.
Conventional processor designs use a fixed-frequency, continuously running crystal as the timing mechanism for clocking through microprocessor execution cycles. Thus, the crystal and the processor may continue running even if nothing is being accomplished in the computing device, uselessly cycling around and waiting for a process to actually perform an action. This timing paradigm results in wasted energy. First, the crystal and processor transistors typically execute at their maximum speed at all times, thereby consuming excess power and generating excess heat. Secondly, it is inefficient to continue running clock cycles if no substantive process is actually running. However, these inefficiencies are unavoidable in the conventional operating system design.
Furthermore, conventional operating systems require various modifications and enhancements each year, such as incorporation of new communications layers for Ethernet drivers, Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) stacks, Web browsers, and the like. Generally, these new layers are added on top of the conventional operating system, thereby increasing complexity, decreasing performance, and often leading to software crashes and security flaws.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Massively multicore processor and operating system to manage strands in hardware


A multiple mailbox mount has a vertical post adapted to be anchored in the ground. A body having two opposed, spaced-apart, vertical ends, a continuously-semicircular curved section extending between the vertical ends, and a midpoint, is attached to the vertical post at the midpoint. A horizontal bar extends between the vertical ends of the body.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to mounting apparatus for mailboxes, and in particular to a multiple mailbox mount having improved safety characteristics when accidentally struck by vehicles.
2. Description of Prior Art
On rural highways mailboxes are often placed close to the edge of the pavement, where the mail carrier and homeowner can reach them from inside a vehicle. Multiple mailboxes are often mounted on a common mount, for convenience and efficiency.
A mailbox mounted near a highway is considered a hazard and is required by law to be designed to do as little damage as possible to a vehicle that hits it. The mounting post must be a break-away design with a base that will not cause a small vehicle to roll over. The top of the mount must be designed so it won't separate from the post and become a missile that could penetrate the windshield of a vehicle during an accident.
Multiple mailbox mounts in the past have usually included at least one vertical post and a horizontal member at the desired level for access to the mailboxes. High-mass materials such as wood or metal are frequently used in such relatively primitive structures. In the event of a vehicle collision with the structure, the horizontal member can be freed from one or more of the vertical posts with inertia sufficient to permit it to intrude into the interior of the vehicle, with obvious hazard to the driver and passengers. There is thus a need for a low-mass multiple mailbox mount that preserves the integrity of the horizontal member to vertical post attachments, with a yieldable vertical post to ground connection, such that the integral structure is impacted away from or under the vehicle and intrusion into the vehicle is made less likely. Ready reconnection of the vertical post to ground connection after impact is also desirable.
One such yieldable, readily-reconnectable, post to ground connection is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,003,919, entitled "Post Mount Assembly," issued Feb. 28, 2006, to Ronald D. Riker and assigned to the assignee of the present invention, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference as if fully set forth. A superior mailbox to mount connection is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,178,772, entitled "Mailbox Post Bracket," issued Feb. 20, 2007 to Ronald D. Riker and assigned to the assignee of the present invention, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference as if fully set forth.


The present invention provides a display panel and a display device. The display panel includes a touch layer, a main display region, and a functional add-on region. A plurality of first pixels are arranged in the functional add-on region, and the touch layer is provided with an opening corresponding to the functional add-on region. A transmittance of the touch layer corresponding to the functional add-on region is greater than a transmittance of the touch layer corresponding to the main display region.

The present invention relates to the field of display technologies, and in particular, to a display panel and a display device.
In the design of OLED display panels, it has always been a problem to realize cameras under the OLED display panel and transparent display. A main problem to realize transparent display and under-screen cameras is how to improve a transmittance of a panel. At present, since touch layers have a greater influence on a transmission of light, they will affect photographing and imaging of photosensitive elements such as an under-screen camera, which makes it difficult to realize a corresponding area of the camera having a touch function and a light transmission function at the same time.

Wuhan China Star Optoelectronics Semiconduetor Display Technology Co., Ltd.


A first aspect of the disclosure concerns a driving assembly for a power toothbrush which includes a drive member, specifically an E-core electromagnet, a driven member which is responsive to the action of the drive member and a workpiece mounted on the distal end of the driven member. The drive assembly includes an interface registration member, to one end surface portion of which is secured the end face of E-core electromagnet, another portion of which is configured to produce a selected registration of the driven member and the driving assembly, and still another portion of which is configured to produce a selected registration of the interface member relative to the handle of the toothbrush.

In the manufacture of small appliances, such as power toothbrushes, it is important that the drive assembly portion thereof be in precise physical alignment relative to the driven member which, for instance, could be a pivoted arm on which a workpiece (a brushhead) is mounted. In a typical known approach, a carrier is assembled with a number of internal parts of the appliance mounted thereon. The carrier is then installed into a handle housing, typically from a bottom (proximal) end thereof, over which is secured a cover. The driven member is mounted to the other (distal) end of the handle housing. Reliable alignment of the driving assembly with the driven member is thus often difficult because the interface between the driving assembly and the driven member is at the opposite end of the handle housing from the point of installation of the driving assembly.
Misalignment, due to relative sideways or even rotational movement between the driving assembly and the driven element readily occurs. The interface between the driving assembly and the driven element is typically part of the housing, thus making the housing a critical element in the proper operation of the appliance. A spring or other part is often used to hold the driving assembly to the interface, but this adds to the overall expense, size and complexity of the device. Due to manufacturing and tooling considerations, this bottom loading approach also requires that the housing be larger at the bottom than at the top, which is undesirable from an aesthetic and ergonomic standpoint.
In another aspect of the invention, a driving assembly may include an electromagnet having a center core winding. The core member which holds the winding, referred to as a bobbin, is secured at one end to the electromagnet frame, which includes the electrical pin connections/terminals to the coil winding and the battery, while the other end is secured to or is a part of a mounting/interface element which is secured to the handle portion of the appliance and to which is secured a head portion of the device.
The mounting element and the portion of the bobbin secured thereto is exposed to the operating environment of the appliance; e.g. toothpaste and water or other dentifrices for a power toothbrush. The portion of the bobbin secured to the mounting element thus must also be of a material which can stand exposure to the operating environment of the appliance, such as toothpaste and water for a power toothbrush, as well as being attractive to the consumer including the capability of being colored.
The portion of the bobbin attached to or part of the frame must be heat-resistant to withstand the elevated temperatures encountered during soldering of the wire terminations from the core winding to the pin connections which also receive wire connections from the battery. This portion of the bobbin must also be high strength, to withstand the coil winding process.
Unfortunately, no single material has all of the above capabilities/characteristics. Hence, there have been design compromises with respect to the construction of winding bobbins in power toothbrushes in particular, either in the design of the bobbin itself and/or its relationship with the other portions of the drive assembly. Further, a single part requires a complex and hence expensive manufacturing tool. In this aspect of the invention, it is desirable to have a bobbin assembly which satisfies all of the above-described requirements.

Bobin assembly for a driving assembly used in a personal care appliance

Abstract: A second aspect of the disclosure concerns a split bobbin assembly for an electrical coil portion of an electromagnet in a power toothbrush. The split bobbin assembly includes a first portion which mates with a portion of the appliance which is exposed to the operating environment of the appliance and is made from a material which has sufficient chemical-resistant properties for tolerance of exposure to the environment. A second portion of the split bobbin is made from a material which is resistant to heat so as to withstand soldering of the electrical coil wires to the terminal pins positioned in a base part of the bobbin assembly. Connecting elements on the first and second portions join the two portions together.


A wire stripper blade for cutting to the center conductor of a coaxial cable, the blade having a V-notch in the cirmcumferential periphery thereof. When the wire stripper is rotated about the cable, the corners of the V-notch cut through and sever the braid sheath and inner insulation layer of the cable, while the center conductor remains within a circle defined by the corners of the V-notch, which circle is spaced apart from and concentric with the center conductor. The use of a V-notch eliminates dragging of the braid and the possibility of one or more wire strands thereof wrapping around the center conductor. It also eliminates nicking of the center conductor which can cause poor transmission signals.

1. Field of the Invention.
This invention relates to wire strippers generally and, more particularly, to a novel blade for wire strippers which includes a V-notch useful when a wire stripper is used for stripping coaxial cable.
2. Background Art.
Wire strippers are well known devices for removing insulation from wire or cable. One such stripper is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,805,302, issued Feb. 21, 1989, and assigned to the assignee of the present invention, the entire disclosure of which patent is hereby made a part hereof by reference. A preferred embodiment of the disclosure of that patent is directed to a wire stripper having one or more rotatable and/or fixed circular cutting blades; although, the present invention is not limited to circular cutting blades and may be employed, as well, with wire cutters having straight cutting blades.
Wire strippers for coaxial cable typically employ two cutting blades which are rotated about the cable, one of which blades cuts through and severs an outer layer of insulation and the other of which blades cuts through and severs a braided or foil sheath and an inner layer of insulation which surrounds a centrally disposed conductor. The blades are limited in amount of radial motion relative to the central axis of the cable, with the intention that they cut through and sever only that which they are intended to cut through and sever. It is particularly important that the center conductor not be cut or nicked during the stripping operation. A problem has developed in that the dimensional tolerances of the jacket diameter vary, thus permitting differences in cut depth. Strippers, therefore, tend to cut or nick the center conductors of cables having the smaller jacket diameters within the tolerance range.
To avoid the above problem, stripping blades have been developed which include a square notch, with the corners of the square notch cutting through the braid sheath and the inner layer of insulation, while the center conductor remains within a circle spaced from and concentric with the center conductor without the center conductor being cut or nicked, the circle being defined by the rotating corners of the square notch. While the square notch avoids damage to the center conductor, such known stripping blades with square notches have a substantial disadvantage in that the square corners of the notch tend to "drag" the braid sheath and one or more of the fine wire strands comprising the braid may become wrapped around the center connector. Often, this wrapping is unnoticed by the technician stripping the cable to make a connection and the result may be that an end connector is placed on the cable with a built-in short-circuit.
Accordingly, it is a principal object of the present invention to provide a blade for wire strippers which overcomes the disadvantages of conventional square-notch-blade wire strippers.
Other objects of the present invention, as well as particular features and advantages thereof, will be elucidated in, or apparent from, the following description and the accompanying drawing figures.


A ternary FeCoNi alloy film exhibiting a high magnetic flux density is produced by performing electrodeposition at a cathodic electrode using an electrolytic bath for electrodeposition fed with Fe, Co and Ni ions from sulfates, hydrochlorides or mixtures thereof containing respective divalent ions of Fe, Co and Ni, said bath containing a composition having ratios of divalent ion concentrations in the bath in the ranges: EQU 0.05.ltoreq.[Co.sup.2+ ]/[Ni.sup.2+ ].ltoreq.0.6 and EQU 0.05.ltoreq.[Fe.sup.2+ ]/[Ni.sup.2+ ].ltoreq.2.0,. at an electrodepositing current density J in the range: EQU 1<J<60 [mA/cm.sup.2 ].

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a process for producing a thin soft-magnetic alloy film having a high saturation magnetic flux density for use in high density magnetic recording and reproducing heads.
2. Description of the Related Art
Magnetic head materials effective as recording mediums having a high coercive force (Hc) as required for high density magnetic recording has to exhibit a high saturation magnetic density (Bs). As conventional soft-magnetic materials for thin film magnetic heads having a high Bs value, those which can be produced by an electrodeposition technique capable of patterning at a high accuracy through a low temperature process are limited to a binary Ni-Fe alloy (Permalloy) having a Bs value as Bs.perspectiveto.9,000 Gauss. In order to more sufficiently improve the magnetic recording and reproducing efficiency of the magnetic heads, however, it is desired that a thin film having a higher Bs value and excellent soft-magnetic properties can be produced by such an electrodeposition technique as having the same advantages as that for production of Permalloy.
Though thin ternary Fe-Co-Ni alloy films exhibit an extremely high Bs value when Bs=10,000 to 21,000 Guass and have excellent soft-magnetic properties, each of the components of the electrodeposited alloys has its own order at which it is preferentially deposited in a deposition sequence of the components and therefore, deposition of a plurality of components (as alloy deposition) is frequently difficult, or, if it is possible, control of the composition has many limitations. Specifically, no technique for electrodepositing thin films of a ternary alloy such as a Fe-Co-Ni system has been known heretofore.
Primarily, in electrodeposition of respective components from a solution containing ions such as Fe, Ni and Co, potentially noblest ions are expected to be preferentially deposited. As can be observed in electrodeposition of the known binary Fe-Ni alloy, a complex reaction such as discharge of H.sup.+ ion is associated on a cathodic electrode during the electrodeposition so that there is a problem of an increase of pH value in the vicinity of the cathodic electrode. That is, since each ion is discharged and electrodeposited through a layer of Fe hydroxides stable at a high pH value in the vicinity of the cathodic electrode, it is considered possible for component ions to be co-deposited during the electrodeposition (anormal co-deposition). For this reason, actually a variety of alloy compositions may be electrodeposited depending upon a ratio in concentration of ions in the electrodepositing bath.
The ratio of elements in electrodeposited alloy films may depend naturally upon various electrodeposition conditions such as a pH value throughout the electrodepositing bath, a current density at a cathode and the like, interalia, greately upon a ratio of respective ion concentrations (the absolute ion concentrations of respective components are not critical).
If a ratio of divalent Fe ion (Fe.sup.2+) to other ions is too high, the influence of the Fe ion on the Fe hydroxide layer at the cathode at the time of Fe ion discharge offers primarily problems as described above, such as surface roughness due to the incorporation of oxidized Fe in the electrodeposited films, occurrence of adverse effect on the stable discharge of other ions (Co.sup.2+, Ni.sup.2+) resulting in instability of film composition and incapability of electrodeposition of the ternary alloy.

Process for producing a thin alloy film having high saturation magnetic flux density

Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.