An optical media is constructed by superimposing a Fourier transform lens film 3 including a Fourier transform lens 2 on which optical image 10 is formed, and a light permeating sheet 5 provided with a plurality of light permeating portions 4 through which light can pass in a point-like manner. Viewing incident light coming from the side of the light permeating sheet 5 through light permeating portions 4 with eyes on the side of Fourier transform lens film 3. Due to this, an optical image 10 can be formed on the Fourier transform lens 2.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an optical medium which can visualize an optical image using a Fourier transform lens, and to a method of observing the image using the Fourier transform lens having the optical image formed thereon.
2. Background Art
In the past, various premium products and post cards have been utilized as advertising media, and become recently important items used as tools, in particular, for promotion of new products and events.
Such tools tend to become less popular. Therefore, there is a need for something that has a new design and unpredictability and contributes to promotion activity.
For example, a post card with a photographic image, in which a lenticular lens is incorporated, has been proposed (e.g., see Patent Document 1).
However, in the case of such a post card with a photographic image, in which a lenticular lens is incorporated, a plurality of photographs to be projected must be prepared, and lenses corresponding to the number of photographs must be formed. This is problematic in taking a large cost.
As recently known advertising media, various products have been developed and proposed.
For example, advertisement of a product is carried out by providing a column for advertisement in a newspaper or magazine, and forming an expression of a printed image in the column, comprising characters, figures, patterns and the like, having a relation to a presentation of the product to be advertised, including a trade name, a trademark, a manufacturer, an explanation or the like.
Alternatively, advertisement is practiced by preparing leaflets or catalogs concerning a product, and distributing them to an unspecified large number of people to make the product printed thereon be widely known and attract public interest.
Moreover, in some cases, a product is advertised utilizing, for example, neon signs in a street, chiefly depending on the sense of sight, but in other cases, a product is advertised utilizing radios or broadcasting on the street or the like, mainly depending on a voice. Otherwise, such advertisement is sometimes carried out using televisions, chiefly depending on a voice and an image.
However, the advertisement depending on such advertising media is for advertising a product to an unspecified large number of people. Usually, each of them is not so much interested in the advertised product, even if he or she views or listens to it.
Recently, people have had tendency to exhibit strong dislike against noise and loudness caused by advertisement and thus be bored therewith. Accordingly, they probably avoid viewing or listening to advertisement of a product in which they are not so interested, and they would throw away leaflets or catalogs for the advertisement without taking a look. Therefore, such people do not pay any attention to advertisement of a product, and the effect of such advertisement cannot be expected.
Also, optical media by which optical images can be observed have been used as promotion media or toys for use in advertisement or promotions of new products.
Such an optical medium utilizes, for example, a Fourier transform lens, and is constructed so that it can visually show various optical images formed in advance thereon using light irradiation or the like and the user can observe and enjoy the images (e.g., see Patent Document 2).
In an optical media utilizing a conventional Fourier transform lens, when observing an optical image formed on the Fourier transform lens with eyes, the Fourier transform lens must be irradiated with light emitted from a point light source on the side opposite to the side on which the user is observing the image with his eyes.
As such a point light source, for example, the sun, a candle, a spot light, fireworks or the like can be used. However, if viewing the Fourier transform lens while holding the lens toward the sun, there is a significant risk of damaging the eyes due to too strong light.
Especially, in a case where a medium using such a Fourier transform lens is utilized for distribution to children, a measure must be taken to prevent accidents, such as by printing on the medium a note for instructing or warning the children not to observe the Fourier transform lens while directing it toward the sun.
However, it is probable that the children will not become aware of the note or cannot read it, or otherwise it is possible that they will use the Fourier transform lens aimlessly or unintentionally directing it toward the sun. Thus, a risk that a user takes an inappropriate use of the lens still remains.
To attract interest of consumers, it is effective to use a new optical medium utilizing a Fourier transform lens as a means for promotion. However, a process for laminating a sheet having a Fourier transform lens formed thereon onto a sheet having information for advertisement printed thereon must be carried out, thereby requiring significant time, labor and cost. Accordingly, it is currently difficult to readily use a medium utilizing a Fourier transform lens as a means for advertisement.
Documents Cited:
Patent Document 1: TOKUKAI No. 2001-166402, KOHO
Patent Document 2: TOKUKAI No. 2004-7758, KOHO


An emergency alarm system includes a portable digital pulse transmitter having a failsafe mode of activation by the user thereof. A coded pulse signal is transmitted to a decoding device in a digital receiver. The receiver has a latch relay which is connected in circuit with a power source and an alarm device. The alarm system may have a water sensor for setting off the alarm in the event the user falls in the water and may have remotely activated transmitters for locating the user with a receiver and directional antenna.

The present invention relates to emergency alarm systems, specifically to personal security alarm systems that can be remotely operated for the purpose of alerting the general public and/or police of an emergency condition.
Prior art devices are known to employ remotely controlled relays for energizing an alarm system in which an RF transmitter is used with a receiver for activating a relay switch and thus energizing the alarm system by means of a suitable power supply. In many of the known devices no provision is made for false alarms, a condition which is often encountered with conventional systems because of the presence of a human factor. For example, in cases where a radio transmitter is used, the transmitter may be inadvertently activated by a sudden jerk of the transmitter by the user thereof or by some such other sudden change in condition as to cause the transmitter to be activated and thus initiate a false alarm.
Prior U.S. Pat. Nos. showing alarm systems can be seen in the following U.S. Pat. Nos.: Cutler et al., 3,641,540 Wireless Alarm System; Bogue et al., 3,825,833 Personal Security Device; Welling, 4,063,410 Digital Watch Including A Signal Transmitter; Hartley, 4,074,269 Burglar Alarm for Use With an Automatic Garage Door Opener; Cataldo, 4,121,160 Switch Means for Radio Alarm Device; Oros, 4,157,540 Wireless Alarm System; Doell, 4,189,721 Personal Alarm System; Cham et al., 4,249,170 Annunciator; Akerberg, 4,347,501 Installation for Transmitting Alarm Signals; Hanson, 4,375,701 Battery or AC Driven Radio Receiver Power Supply; Berg, 4,404,549 Latching Portable Personal Security Alarm; Pyle, 4,446,454 Home Security System; Fulhorst 4,523,178 Wireless Alarm System in Conjunction With At Least One Vehicle; and Levental, 4,535,324 Remote Activated Alarm Triggering Device.


A satellite system uses cloud computing virtualized gateways, radio transport protocol and on-ground beamforming to improve wireless communication. A digitized ground based subsystem for use with the satellite system can be employed in transmitting an optical feeder uplink beam to a communications platform that includes a multiple element antenna array. The ground based subsystem is configured to receive the optical feeder uplink beam and, in dependence thereon, use the multiple element antenna feed array to produce and transmit a plurality of RF service downlink beams to a single or plurality of service terminals.

The background description provided herein gives context for the present disclosure. Work of the presently named inventors, as well as aspects of the description that may not otherwise qualify as prior art at the time of filing, are neither expressly nor impliedly admitted as prior art.
As the need for high bandwidth satellite communications continuously increases so does the need for greater flexibility in delivering the communications services in the manner that best suites the applications supported and associated customer requirements.
Satellite communications architectures suffer from several problems with their implementations and critically from an inflexibility that leads to the inability to maximize the efficiency of the end-to-end satellite communication resource. With current architectures it is extremely difficult to contract one-hundred percent (100%) of the available radio frequency (RF) spectrum and/or power on a satellite with the customer base (especially with HTS, VHTS and UHTS), but crucially these systems prohibit achieving anywhere near high levels of satellite communications resource utilization as multiple segments of all sizes can lie dormant for frequent and/or extensive periods while the end customers no longer use the assets. This represent two fundamental issues, firstly the customer pays for an asset that they neither utilize completely or fully need, and secondly there are no effective solutions or technologies to significantly increase the overall satellite communications resource utilization across a varied and varying customer base. This situation further suffers when specific customers wish the ability to modify their contracted satellite communications resources in a dynamic, scheduled and/or ad-hoc sporadic manner, to no avail.
This problem is further exacerbated by the fact that satellite communications cover huge geographic areas, which means that its 'last-mile' segment (satellite-subscriber terminal) can capture huge customer numbers, segments and/or applications, representing a huge, stymied demand. This stymied demand is represented by different customer segments with differing applications of varying network configurations, beam laydowns and coverage, demand schedules, satellite baseband air interface types, and/or associated remote end subscriber terminal support. Current technology suffers from the inability to flexibly manage and operate effectively and efficiently across a customer base representing unique segments requiring network bandwidth in different places, in different times, and/or in differing formats.
Such inflexibility is caused by current architectural issues in both the ground and space segment components.
Current gateway architectures are highly dependent on vast implementations of multiple bespoke, vendor proprietary dedicated hardware infrastructure. Many of which are non-interoperable and all of which operate significant portions within the hardware analog RF domain to transmit signals internally and externally of the gateway. This leads to a highly fractalized or stove-piped infrastructure that is cumbersome, inflexible, and exceedingly difficult to operate, maintain, upgrade, augment and/or reconfigure at short notice and/or in a dynamic manner.
Current architectures utilize gateway-satellite links that are operated in the analog RF domain, one of the few communications infrastructures left that operates the middle-mile (gateway-satellite) in a restrictive analog domain.
The analog RF domain is an extensive and inherently hard-coded environment to operate within and satellite communications suffers from restricting the analog RF domain solely to the last-mile (satellite-subscriber terminal).
The RF gateway-satellite feeder link architectures require many concurrent geographically dispersed gateways to support high throughput satellites (HTS), very high throughput satellites (VHTS) and ultra high throughput satellites (UHTS). Even the availability of 5 GHz at V band, and dual polarization, a satellite with terabit/second (Tbps) capacity would need between forty (40) and seventy (70) gateways depending on spectral efficiency achieved, as described in the conference paper titled "Optical Feeder Links for VHTS—System Perspectives", by Mata-Calvo et al. (Conference Proceedings of the Ka Band Communications, Navigation and Earth Observation Conference 2015. Ka Conference 2015, 12-14 Oct. 2015, Bologna Italy). Note that Q/V band and Ka band gateways typically require additional resiliency and redundancy implementations to achieve high availability.
Satellite communications offer large swath views of the Earth's surface provides an ideal platform for beamforming and the laydown of capacity. Emerging and developing high-throughput satellite communications beamforming technologies are focusing on complex, physically limited and highly expensive satellite onboard processing hardware where the beamforming computational burden is placed on the satellite and hard-coded for the duration of the mission, which can run anywhere up to fifteen to twenty (15-20) years or higher. This limits the investment in a satellite as the hardware specification and capabilities are locked typically at least 2 year prior to launch and will be obsolete even prior to reaching orbit, let alone 15-20 years later. Such hardware dependent systems suffer from being fixed implementations and thus non-upgradeable after launch. They are highly dependent on the hardware capabilities coded and locked in at the level of technology available at best two (2) years prior to launch.
Such onboard satellite communications beamforming systems rely on the hard-coded gateway implementations, gateway hardware RF stove piping, analog RF gateway to satellite feeder links, and/or extensive and complex RF componentry onboard the satellite. Further, the onboard satellite communication beamforming systems do not support the complex issues of integration with the higher layers (OSI Layer 2 and above) of multiple and/or dynamic satellite baseband air interface operations of today let alone those of the future.
The satellite communications industry has developed a multi-vendor ecosystem through multiple satellite operators, service providers and/or satellite baseband air interface systems. Although this open-system approach enables multi-application and multi-vendor markets that delivers innovation and competition, it suffers from the hard-coded ecosystems that restrict the ability to holistically view, utilize, adapt, and maximize the return on available satellite communications resource such as RF spectrum, power, human resource, space and/or ground investments. Additionally, current technology does not allow implementations that deliver the ability to holistically view, utilize, adapt, coordinate, and maximize the return on available satellite communications resource across multiple satellites owned and operated by a single and/or multiple satellite operators.
U.S. Pat. No. 10,142,021 proposes a solution to some of the multiple RF gateway and onboard processing issues by utilizing an optical feeder link between the gateway and satellite and placing the beamforming burden on the ground with a ground based beamforming system (GBBF). However, it suffers from multiple limitations and problems, such as:                expanding the rigid, inflexible, costly, and cumbersome hard-coded and stove-piped gateway environment and implementations;        operation in the analog domain within the middle-mile;        requiring extensive and inflexible hard-coded GBBF hardware and gateway analog RF to optical conversion hardware;        requiring the utilization of much higher power demanding analog RF modulated optical terminal system (gateway and satellite);        requiring complex, extensive and highly lossy analog RF chains on board the satellite;        providing no effective operational system to manage multiple optical gateways to provide high availability. Even though optical feeder links provide vastly greater capacity when compared to RF variants even in V band, there is still a need to compensate link blockage by clouds through optical feeder link diversity. By analysis of long-term cloud data, it can be shown that in the Mediterranean, around eleven (11) gateway stations can be sufficient to fulfill availability requirements for satellite communications systems, while this number can even be reduced when an inter-hemispherical ground network exploiting anti-correlated seasonal weather statistics, as described in the paper titled "Preliminary Results of Terabit-per-second Long-Range Free-Space Optical Transmission Experiment THRUST", by Giggenbach et al. (Proc. of SPIE 9647-21, 2015). Resiliency and redundancy suffer heavily when multiple hardware gateways must be exactly matched with hard-coded stove-piped configurations resulting in costly implementations that are impossible to modify in a real-time environment and entail complex coordination for any required systems upgrades;        offers no solution to support beamforming integration with dynamic and/or multi satellite baseband air interface operation; and        operation only with an extensive hardware dependent fractalized gateway infrastructure including hard-coded satellite baseband air interface systems.
Several ground to space Terabit per second (Tbps) optical feeder link technologies that operate within the digital domain are currently in process, however these technologies only provide a baseband link from the gateway to the satellite (e.g., raw Internet Protocol (IP) user data between the gateway and the satellite). As such, they suffer from multiple limitations and problems, such as:                onboard processing cost, obsolescence, and capability limitations;        requiring extensive and multiple onboard modulation and demodulation technologies to convert RF to/from baseband;        no comprehensive integration of onboard satellite baseband air interface, or multiple and/or dynamic satellite baseband air interface support;        lack of onboard scalability and flexibility in matching satellite baseband air interface functions with beamforming functions;        no holistic, comprehensive and/or effective management of end-to-end satellite communications resource such as RF spectrum, power, space and/or ground investments; and        inability to holistically view, utilize, adapt, coordinate, and maximize the return on available satellite communications resource either across the satellite or multiple satellites owned and operated by a single and/or multiple satellite operators.
Thus, there exists a need in the art for satellite communications services that can be delivered via a highly flexible, scalable, dynamic, interchangeable, and easily adaptable end-to-end architecture.

Architecture of a communications subsystem supporting multi radio frequency band transmission


Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer program products, for ranking images are disclosed. An image search subsystem generates an adjustment factor representative of a quality measure of an image relative to a search query. The quality represents a relevance of the image to the query. The adjustment factor can be computed based on relevance data for the image to the query and image similarity data representing a relative similarity between the image and other images relevant to the query. The relevance data can be based on user actions in response to the image being included in search results for the query. The adjustment factor can be scaled based on whether the relevance data and the image similarity data both indicate that the image is relevant to the search query. A relevance score is computed based on the adjustment factor (e.g., a product of the adjustment factor and relevance score).

This specification relates to digital information retrieval, and particularly to processing search results.
The Internet enables access to a wide variety of resources, such as video or audio files, web pages for particular subjects, book articles, or news articles. A search system can identify resources in response to a search query that includes one or more search terms or phrases. The search system ranks the resources based on their relevance to the search query and resource importance and provides search results that reference the identified resources. The search results are typically ordered according to a rank score that is assigned to each of the resources based on the relevance of the resource to the search query.
The relevance of a resource to a search query can be determined, in part, based on the textual content of the resource or textual content associated with the resource. For example, text included in the content of a resource can be compared to the search query to determine whether the resource is relevant to the search query. In turn, rank scores can be assigned to the resources based on the relevance determination and the resources can be ordered, in part, based on the rank scores.
While textual features associated with a resource can provide information by which a search system can determine the relevance of the resource to the search query, some resources do not contain much, if any, textual content that can be used to accurately determine the relevancy of the resource. Similarly, textual content associated with the resource may be misleading as to the relevance of the image to the search query and can lead to inconsistent relevance data. An image is an example of a resource that may not be associated with textual content that facilitates accurate determination of the relevance of the image to the search query.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.


A disposable absorbent article with a mechanical fastening system having disposal mechanism so as to provide convenient disposal of the absorbent article. The mechanical fastening system preferably comprises a tape tab having a first fastening element, a landing member comprising a second fastening element engageable with the first fastening element, and disposal mechanism for allowing the absorbent article to be secured in a configuration that provides convenient disposal of the absorbent article. The disposal mechanism preferably comprises a second fastening element affixed to the backing surface of at least one of the tape tab, so that the first fastening element of the opposite tape tab will engage the second fastening element of the disposal mechanism so as to secure the absorbent article in its disposal configuration.

This invention relates to fastening systems for disposable absorbent articles, and more particularly, to an improved mechanical fastening system for such disposable absorbent articles that provides convenient disposal of the absorbent article.
The use of adhesive tape fastening systems for securing the corners of a disposable absorbent article such as a diaper is well known in the art. Examples of these types of adhesive tape fastening systems are described in U.S. Pat. Re. No. 26,151 entitled xe2x80x9cDisposable Diaperxe2x80x9d which issued to Robert C. Duncan et al. on Jan. 31, 1967; and U.S. Pat. No. 3,848,594 entitled xe2x80x9cTape Fastening Systems for Disposable Diaperxe2x80x9d issued to Kenneth B. Buell on Nov. 19, 1974.
Adhesive tape fastening systems provide a secure means for keeping a disposable absorbent article on the wearer during use. In addition, refastenable adhesive tape fastening systems allow the disposable absorbent article to be folded or rolled up into a tight package for disposal, secured in the disposal configuration, and easily disposed in waste receptacles. When such adhesive tape fasteners are secured to the rolled-up absorbent article, the contents of the absorbent article are generally prevented from spilling or leaking out while the absorbent article is being thrown away.
Adhesive tape fastening systems have, however, a number of shortcomings, one of which is that they are easily contaminated by oils and powders that come in contact with the adhesive positioned on the tape tabs such that the adhesive does not readily adhere to the absorbent article with sufficient strength to provide an effective side closure. In addition, an adhesive tape fastening system may cause the backsheet of the absorbent article to rip or tear when the fastening system is unfastened to check if the absorbent article has been soiled or to adjust its fit, thereby leaving a hole in the backsheet that renders the fastening system unrefastenable and the absorbent article unuseable. Thus, it would be advantageous to provide a fastening system that is not easily contaminated by oils and powders, that is more convenient to refasten, and that does not render the absorbent article or the fastening system unuseable after unfastening it.
A number of concepts have been proposed for providing washable diapers with mechanical fastening systems disposed on the body portion of the absorbent article. While mechanical fastening systems, such as hook and loop-type mechanical fasteners, generally provide fastening systems that are not easily contaminated by oils and powders and that are more convenient for refastening than adhesive tape fastening systems, mechanical fastening systems do not provide a disposal mechanism by which the absorbent article may be folded or rolled up into a configuration for disposal, secured in the disposal configuration, and conveniently thrown away. Typically, the hook fastening material is positioned in a first end region of the absorbent article and the loop fastening material is disposed in a second end region of the absorbent article. Thus, when the absorbent article is folded or rolled up for disposal, the loop fastening material is typically tucked underneath other portions of the absorbent article so that the loop fastening material is not exposed such that the hook fastening material is prevented from engaging the loop fastening material. In addition, because the hook fastening material is incapable of being fastened to the exposed areas of the absorbent article, especially the backsheet, the absorbent article cannot be conveniently secured in a configuration for disposal. Thus, it would be advantageous to provide a mechanical fastening system capable of providing convenient disposal of the absorbent article.
It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide a disposable absorbent article having an improved fastening system.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a disposable absorbent article having an improved mechanical fastening system.
It is an additional object of the present invention to provide a disposable absorbent article having a mechanical fastening system provided with disposal means to provide convenient disposal of the disposable absorbent article.
These and other objects of the present invention will be more readily apparent when considered in reference to the following description and when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings.
According to the present invention, a disposable absorbent article such as a diaper is provided with a mechanical fastening system having disposal means so as to provide convenient disposal of the absorbent article.
While the mechanical fastening system may take many forms, it preferably comprises a closure member comprising a tape tab and a first fastening element, a landing member comprising a second fastening element engageable with the first fastening element of the closure member, and disposal means. In use, the first fastening element engages the second fastening element to provide a secure side closure for the absorbent article. After the absorbent article has been soiled, it is folded or rolled up into a configuration for disposal that generally prevents the contents of the soiled absorbent article from spilling or leaking out of the absorbent article. The absorbent article is then secured in its disposal configuration by the disposal means.
The disposal means of the present invention may comprise any means wherein the absorbent article may be secured in a disposal configuration so as to contain the contents of the soiled diaper. Thus, the disposal means may comprise a number of different elements positioned on either the body portion or the fastening system of the absorbent article. Preferably, the disposal means comprises a second fastening element affixed to the backing surface of at least one of the tape tabs so that the first fastening element of the opposite tape tab will engage the second fastening element of the disposal means so as to secure the absorbent article in its disposal configuration. Thus, the disposal means may comprise a mechanical fastening element such as a hook fastening material or a loop fastening material that is positioned on the tape tab. Alternatively, the disposal means may comprise any other mechanical fastening element, an adhesive attachment means disposed on the body portion or the fastening system, or a separate adhesive tape tab or tape tabs positioned on the body portion for use when the absorbent article has been soiled.

Mechanical fastening systems with disposal means for disposable absorbent articles


Individual stages of a multistage electronic receiver include a pair of conductive isolation regions around each stage to isolate each stage from the other stages and thereby prevent feedback and external noise problems. Each pair of isolation regions includes a P+ ring and an N+ ring adjacent to each other to shunt hole carriers and electron carriers, respectively. Removal of the carriers does not have to wait for recombination of the carriers. The region which has the same conductivity type as the substrate extends entirely through an epitaxial or diffused layer to the substrate to collect hole carriers in the substrate.

The invention relates generally to semiconductor devices, and deals more particularly with a semiconductor macro circuit which is electrically isolated from other adjacent semiconductor macro circuits integral therewith and other sources of external electrical noise.
There are many semiconductor technologies presently known. One common technology provides semiconductor devices produced in an epitaxially grown layer on a substrate of opposite conductivity or polarity. Another common technology provides semiconductor devices produced in a diffused layer.
External noise and internal feedback problems have arisen, particularly when the semiconductor devices form sensitive, high gain amplifiers. In such a case, a small amount of external noise or internal feedback can obscure the input signal or even drive the amplifier into oscillations. One route of the noise is laterally through the semiconductor epitaxially layer or diffused layer which contains the semiconductor devices or laterally through the lower substrate layer, to the input of a transistor or other sensitive device.
Heretofore, it was known to provide a single, low impedance isolation ring around a sensitive transistor i.e., a high gain (high beta) transistor used as an amplifier stage. For example, if the transistor is formed in an epitaxial layer, an isolation ring of opposite polarity to the epitaxial layer is diffused from the surface of the epitaxial layer to the substrate, and either floated or tied to a voltage. The voltage is ground voltage if the isolation ring is P type and positive power supply voltage if the isolation ring is N type. For a P type isolation ring, noise in the form of hole carriers traveling laterally through the epitaxial layer is shunted through the isolation ring to ground. For an N-type isolation ring, noise in the form of electron carriers travelling through the epitaxial layer is shunted through the isolation ring to the power supply voltage. Thus, the single isolation ring has proven effective in isolating the transistor from moderate levels of noise. If many sensitive transistors are provided in the same epitaxial or diffused layer, then each can be protected by its own single isolation ring.
Nevertheless, some noise hole carriers or electron carriers travel underneath the isolation ring through the substrate, and then interfere with the adjacent semiconductor devices. The noise problem does not dissipate until the noise hole carriers and electron carriers recombine, and this can slow the operation of the main device. Therefore, in high gain amplifiers, additional prior art precautions have been taken. The semiconductor chip containing an input stage/pre-amplifier can be physically separated by a spacing from the semiconductor chip containing the output/driver stage so that noise from the output/driver stage cannot feed back through the semiconductor layers to the input stage. While such a technique is effective in reducing the feedback, this technique is undesirable because it requires fabrication and interconnection of two separate chips.
Accordingly, a general object of the present invention is to provide a highly effective technique for isolating a stage of amplification or other macro device from external noise or internal feedback.
Another general object of the present invention is to provide a technique of the foregoing type which can be used to isolate different stages of a single amplifier yet permit the entire amplifier to be made from a single semiconductor chip.
A more specific object of the present invention is to provide an isolation technique which need not wait for recombination of hole and electron carriers.


A projection display system includes a projection lens assembly that has multiple projection lens elements that are configured to receive light imparted with display information by a pixelated display device. The projection lens elements project the light toward a display screen. A pixel-shifting element is included within the projection lens assembly to cyclically shift between at least two positions within the projection lens assembly to form at a display screen at least two interlaced arrays of pixels. An electro-mechanical transducer is coupled to the pixel-shifting element to impart on it the cyclic shifting between positions.

In many types of display systems images are formed by pixelated optical modulators such as conventional liquid crystal displays, digital micromirror devices, liquid crystal-on-silicon modulators, etc. Although there are many advantages of these pixelated displays, they can also bring with them the disadvantage of fixed and relatively coarse addressability. Resolution relates to the number of pixels in a pixelated display panel, and addressability relates to the number of pixel locations in a display image (i.e., the display panel resolution times the number of distinct positions that each pixel can occupy in a display image).
Another problem is that each picture element in some pixelated displays includes a central imaging area or aperture that transmits or reflects image information and is bounded by an opaque border. The opaque borders can encompass significant portions of the picture elements relative to the optical apertures. In projection display systems, the projected images of these picture elements can have discernible image artifacts relating to the picture element borders. The image artifacts can include rough image edges and visible dark disruptions in image consistency.
Attempts have been made to improve the image appearance by physically shifting light from pixelated display devices in order to shift pixel images and thereby increase addressability. In one instance, a pixelated front projector shifted display pixels using a pixel-shifting device preceding or following a projection lens assembly. In one implementation, a pixel-shifting assembly included silicone material pressed between two glass plates. The assembly was positioned after a projection lens assembly and three solenoids operated together to tilt the glass plates relative to each other to effect fill-in pixel scanning. In another implementation, a cantilevered glass plate was positioned in front of a projection lens assembly and driven by a pair of modulators also to effect fill-in pixel scanning.
While providing in-fill pixel scanning both of the implementations can suffer from disadvantages relating to maintaining optimal image clarity. The pixel-shifting assembly positioned after a projection lens operates in a diverging optical space where light from the projection lens is diverging as it propagates toward a display screen. Shifting pixel locations in such a diverging optical space can introduce defects relating to differences in the propagation angles of light being projected toward different portions of the display screen. The pixel-shifting assembly positioned before a projection lens operates in a telecentric optical space in which the tilted plate causes astigmatism and reduces the lens performance.
These disadvantages could be even more greatly exaggerated if the addressability improvement methods for front projectors were employed in rear projectors. A front projector is positioned in front of a reflective display screen, together with the viewers of any displayed image. In contrast, a rear projector is positioned behind a transmissive display screen, opposite the viewers of the displayed images. Rear projectors typically have relatively short focal lengths relative to the size of the display screen, so projection lens assemblies in these projectors have much steeper projection angles of up to about 45 degrees compared to projection angles of about 25-30 degrees for projection lens assemblies in front projectors. As a consequence, addressability improvements for front projectors are likely to be substantially less successful for rear projectors.

Pixel-shifting projection lens assembly to provide optical interlacing for increased addressability


A liquid container that can be mounted to a mounting portion in a stable state is provided. An ink cartridge includes: a first surface that has formed therein a liquid supply opening through which the ink can flow from the ink chamber to the outside, and is on the side in the direction of insertion into the mounting portion; a second surface that opposes the first surface; a third surface that intersects the first surface and the second surface; a fourth surface that opposes the third surface; a fifth surface that intersects the first surface, the second surface, and the third surface; and a sixth surface that opposes the fifth surface. Protrusion portions are respectively provided on the fifth surface side and the sixth surface side of at least one of the third surface and the fourth surface, and the protrusion portions come into contact with the mounting portion.

1. Technical Field
The invention relates to a liquid container that has a liquid storage chamber capable of storing a liquid and is removably mounted to a mounting portion provided in a liquid consuming apparatus.
2. Related Art
There are heretofore-known inkjet-type printers (liquid consuming apparatuses) that consume ink (a liquid) by ejecting it and can receive mounting of an ink cartridge (liquid container) provided with an ink chamber (liquid storage chamber) capable of storing ink that is to be consumed. In these printers, ink is supplied from the ink cartridge to the printer, and therefore the ink cartridge that is to be mounted to the mounting portion of the printer is preferably mounted without positional shift.
In view of this, known ink cartridges have been configured such that the mounting position in the mounting portion (container holder), which has guiding ribs extending along the ink cartridge insertion direction, is determined by projection portions provided on the case member of the ink cartridge being brought into contact with the guiding ribs (e.g., see JP-A-2010-253688).
Incidentally, known ink cartridges having the above configuration are configured such that projection portions that come into contact with guiding ribs of the mounting portion are provided on one side of the case member of the ink cartridge in the width direction that intersects the ink cartridge insertion direction. For this reason, on the side opposite to the side where the projection portions are provided, it is possible for the position where the case member of the ink cartridge comes into contact with the guiding ribs to vary due to warping of the case member, dimensional variations in manufacturing, or the like. As a result, there is a problem in that the ink cartridge is mounted in the mounting portion in an unstable state in which the mounting position is not likely to be determined due to variations in the position of contact with the guiding ribs.
Note that these actual situations are not limited to ink cartridges mounted to inkjet-type printers, but rather are generally common to liquid containers mounted to mounting portions provided in liquid consuming apparatuses.


A method of forming (and an apparatus for forming) a metal containing layer on a substrate, particularly a semiconductor substrate or substrate assembly for use in manufacturing a semiconductor or memory device structure, using one or more homoleptic and/or heteroleptic precursor compounds that include, for example, guanidinate, phosphoguanidinate, isoureate, thioisoureate, and/or selenoisoureate ligands using a vapor deposition process is provided.

In integrated circuit manufacturing, microelectronic devices such as capacitors are the basic energy storage devices in random access memory devices, such as dynamic random access memory (DRAM) devices, static random access memory (SRAM) devices, and ferroelectric memory (FERAM) devices. Capacitors typically consist of two conductors, such as parallel metal or polysilicon plates, which act as the electrodes (i.e., the storage node electrode and the cell plate capacitor electrode), insulated from each other by a layer of dielectric material.
The continuous shrinkage of microelectronic devices such as capacitors and gates over the years has led to a situation where the materials traditionally used in integrated circuit technology are approaching their performance limits. Silicon (i.e., doped polysilicon) has generally been the substrate of choice, and silicon dioxide (SiO2) has frequently been used as the dielectric material with silicon to construct microelectronic devices. However, when the SiO2 layer is thinned to 1 nanometer (nm) (i.e., a thickness of only 4 or 5 molecules), as is desired in the newest micro devices, the layer no longer effectively performs as an insulator due to the tunneling current running through it.
Thus, new high dielectric constant materials are needed to extend device performance. Such materials need to demonstrate high permittivity, barrier height to prevent tunneling, stability in direct contact with silicon, and good interface quality and film morphology. Furthermore, such materials must be compatible with the gate material, electrodes, semiconductor processing temperatures, and operating conditions.
Additionally, as integrated circuit (IC) dimensions shrink, the ability to deposit conformal thin films with excellent step coverage at low deposition temperatures is becoming increasingly important. Thin films are used, for example, in and/or for MOSFET gate dielectrics, DRAM capacitor dielectrics, adhesion promoting layers, diffusion barrier layers, electrode layers, seed layers, and/or for many other various functions. Low temperature processing is desired, for example, to better control certain reactions and to prevent degradation of previously deposited materials and their interfaces.
High quality thin oxide films of metals, such as ZrO2, Ta2O5, HfO2, Al2O3, Nb2O5, and YSZ deposited on semiconductor wafers have recently gained interest for use in memories (e.g., dynamic random access memory (DRAM) devices, static random access memory (SRAM) devices, and ferroelectric memory (FERAM) devices). These materials have high dielectric constants and therefore are attractive as replacements in memories for SiO2 where very thin layers are required. These metal oxide layers are thermodynamically stable in the presence of silicon, minimizing silicon oxidation upon thermal annealing, and appear to be compatible with metal gate electrodes. Additionally, Nb2O5, Nb2O5, La2O3, and/or Pr2O3 doped/laminated Al2O3, Ta2O5, and HfO2 films have been shown to be useful for capacitor and gate dielectrics. Nb2O5 doping/laminating has been shown to decrease leakage and stabilize crystalline phases.
Efforts have been made to investigate various deposition processes to form layers, especially dielectric layers, based on metal oxides and/or metal nitrides. Such deposition processes have included vapor deposition, metal thermal oxidation, and high vacuum sputtering. Vapor deposition processes, which include chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and atomic layer deposition (ALD) are very appealing, as they provide for excellent control of dielectric uniformity and thickness on a substrate.

Systems and methods for forming metal-containing layers using vapor deposition processes


A dual-polarization common aperture antenna having fully populated common aperture dual polarized arrays. The inventive antenna includes a first and second arrays of radiating slots disposed in a faceplate. The second array is generally orthogonal and therefor cross-polarized relative to the first array. The first array is waveguide fed and the second array is stripline fed. In the illustrative implementation, the first array and the second array share a common aperture. The common aperture is fully populated and each array uses the aperture in its entirety. The first and second arrays of slots are arranged for four-way symmetry. Each slot in the first array is a vertically oriented, iris-excited shunt slot fed by a rectangular waveguide and centered on a broad wall thereof. The second array is a standing wave array in which each slot is an air cavity backed slot fed by an inverted micro-stripline offset from a center thereof.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to antennas. More specifically, the present invention relates to radio frequency (radar) antennas for missile seekers and other applications.
2. Description of the Related Art
Radio frequency (RF) antennas are used in many communication, ranging and detection (radar) applications. In missile applications, the RF antenna is implemented as part of a missile seeker. The seeker comprises the antenna along with a transmitter and a receiver. Typically, missile seekers transmit and receive a beam having a single polarization. The polarization of a beam is the orientation of the electric field thereof. Hence, the polarization of a beam may be vertical, horizontal or circular.
Several dual polarization antennas are known in the art. One is a reflector antenna with dual polarization feed. This type of antenna is bulky, exhibits poor efficiency, and poor isolation between the two polarizations. This type of antenna is also very limited in its ability offer low sidelobe radiation performance. Furthermore, this type antenna can generally be used only for an electrically very large aperture (i.e. an aperture having a diameter larger than fifteen wavelengths).
A second approach involves the use of an array of dual polarized patches. This type of antenna offers low cost and low profile, but the bandwidth of each element is typically so narrow that it is very difficult to achieve high performance. The efficiency of this array is also typically poor due to dielectric losses and stripline conductor losses.
A third approach involves the use of a dual polarization rectangular waveguide array consisting of a stack-up of a rectangular waveguide-fed offset longitudinal slot array and a waveguide-fed tilted edge slot array. Unfortunately, this array exhibits poor performance because the offset slot excites an undesirable TM01 odd mode in the parallel plate region formed by the tilted edge slot waveguides. The excited TM01 odd mode causes high sidelobes and RF loss. A further performance limitation results from the coupling between apertures caused by the tilted edge slot containing a cross-polarization component.
A fourth approach involves the use of an arched notch dipole card array erected over a rectangular waveguide fed offset longitudinal slot array. In this approach, the arch is provided to improve the performance of the principal polarization slot array and minimize interactions between the two apertures. Unfortunately, the design of this type of array is very difficult because there is no easy or convenient method to account for the presence of the arched dipole array in the design of the slot array (every slot sees a different unit cell). The requirement to maximize the spacing between the face of the slot array and the arch cards to reduce interaction conflicts with the desired placement of the notch radiators on the quarter-wavelength above this surface for optimal image current formation. This limitation becomes especially severe at higher frequencies of operation.
Finally, a fifth approach involves the use of a common aperture for dual polarization array with a flat plate centered longitudinal shunt slot array and a stripline-fed notch-dipole array. This approach was disclosed and claimed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,166,701 issued Dec. 26, 2000 to Pyong K. Park et al. and entitled DUAL POLARIZATION ANTENNA ARRAY WITH RADIATING SLOTS AND NOTCH DIPOLE ELEMENTS SHARING A COMMON APERTURE the teachings of which are incorporated herein by reference. This approach is very useful for very high frequency (Ka-band or higher) applications and electrically medium to large size arrays. For lower frequency applications such as X-band, and small diameter apertures, such as under seven wavelengths, the dipole card height is greater than a half-inch, which is often more than the available antenna depth. Therefore, it may not be practical to use this approach for lower frequency applications and electrically small to medium size antennas.
Accordingly, inasmuch as current trends in radar communication and antenna system design requirements emphasize the reduction of cost and volume while achieving high performance, a need exists in the art for an antenna design which offers an improved capability.
The need in the art is addressed by the dual-polarization common aperture antenna of the present invention. The inventive antenna includes first and second arrays of radiating slots disposed in a faceplate. The second array is generally orthogonal and therefor cross-polarized relative to the first array. The first array is waveguide fed and the second array is inverted micro-stripline fed.
In the illustrative implementation, the first array and the second array share a common aperture. The common aperture is fully populated and each array uses the aperture in its entirety. The first and second arrays of slots are arranged for four-way symmetry. Each slot in the first array is a horizontally oriented, iris-excited shunt slot fed by a rectangular waveguide and centered on a broad wall thereof. The second array is a standing wave array in which each slot is an air cavity backed slot fed by an inverted micro-stripline offset from a center thereof.

Dual-polarization common aperture antenna with rectangular wave-guide fed centered longitudinal slot array and micro-stripline fed air cavity back transverse series slot array


A guard, fabricated from a water-resistant, lightweight, nonwoven, antimicrobial fabric, is constructed to be worn by a user for protecting a closed, post-operative sternal incision against exposure to water during bathing and showering. The guard avoids the need for manually holding a protective cover over the incision, and thereby frees the arms and hands of the user, or of a caregiver, for washing, lathering and rinsing.

The purpose of the guard of the present invention is to help protect a closed, post-operative sternal incision during showering and bathing. It is important to keep such an incision dry, during the healing process, to decrease the risks of irritation and infection; a bandage or dressing, as well as the adhesive properties of any kind of tissue, glue, or adhesive strip applied to the incision, should also be protected against water contact.
It would be highly desirable for a person showering or bathing, post-operatively, to have his or her hands and arms free for body- and hair-washing, lathering, and rinsing, without needing to hold some type of protective cover over the closed incision, thus affording convenience and promoting a sense of independence. In regard to infants and babies, it would be similarly desirable to provide a caregiver with the ability to use both hands for holding and washing the child, making the bathing process much safer while keeping the closed incision dry, or at least substantially so.
Thus, it is the broad object of the present invention to provide a novel guard for the protection of a post-operative sternal incision against exposure to water during showering or bathing. It is a more specific object of the invention to provide such a guard which can be worn by an individual, thus leaving his or her arms and hands, or those of a caregiver, free for washing, lathering, and rinsing. Additional objects of the invention are to provide a guard having the foregoing features and advantages which also affords protection against microorganism growth, is convenient to use, is disposable, recyclable, environmentally conscientious, and inexpensive to manufacture.

Guard for post-operative sternal incision


A disposable bag for collecting grass clippings or the like has ventilation holes in only a portion of its surface. The bag has a narrow mouth mounted to a connector assembly, or, alternatively, directly to a discharge chute of a mower. The disposable bag is supported by a cradle assembly mounted to the handlebars of the mower.

The present invention relates to disposable bags and, more particularly, to a disposable bag and mounting apparatus for mounting the disposable bag to a lawn mower or other debris collecting device.
The present invention is applicable not only to lawn mowers, but also to any exhausting devices which cut, mulch, or collect a product and create either refuse or by-product which needs to be stored or disposed of.
A number of devices are known in the art for collecting grass clippings in a disposable bag in order to reduce the amount of labor involved in collecting, bagging, and disposing of grass clippings or the like.
One known device is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,186,546 to Machado et al. That patent discloses a disposable bag with ventilating holes.
Another device is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,030,273 to Leader. That patent discloses a lawn mower equipped with a bagging chute for delivering grass clippings to a disposable plastic or paper bag having air ventilating holes. The mouth of the bag is attached to the chute with a cord, and the bottom of the bag is supported by a platform which is an extension of the chute housing.
Another device is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,251,982 to Skaja et al. That patent discloses a grass catching accessory attachable to a rotary power lawn mower, the device including a basket in which a plastic trash can liner is placed and a box shaped spout mounted to the mower having a tubular mouthpiece around which the bag mouth is fitted.
Those devices suffer from a number of defects preventing their commercial success. Among other problems, those known bags have ventilation holes which permit collected debris to fly into the face of an operator of the device.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a disposable bag that is easier to handle and which suppresses dust and other debris which would otherwise interfere with the operator of the device while at the same time providing adequate breathing characteristics.
Another object is to use the mower's own handlebars to support the disposable bag.
Another object is to provide a disposable bag made of transparent or translucent material so that the user may observe the grass collection process and determine when the bag has been filled to capacity in order to know with certainty when to change the bag and thus avoid overfilling and grass buildup and congestion in the mower.
Still another object is to provide a connecting device which conforms and attaches in a stable fashion to the discharge chute of the lawn mower or other exhausting device.
Another object is to provide a connecting device which redirects the airflow coming out of the exhausting device discharge chute in order to provide optimum air path characteristics to ensure that the disposable bag fills from the back of the bag to the front of the bag in an even and distributive fashion.
Still another object is to provide a connector which enhances and amplifies airflow to promote efficient filling and packing in the disposable bag.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a supporting apparatus for the disposable bag which includes a protective barrier between the bag and the user, which barrier "breaths" so as not to suppress the venting function of the disposable bag.
Another object is to provide a supporting device which flexes as the exhausting device passes over rough ground and which can also bend to accommodate storage of the exhausting device when, for example, the user pivots the exhausting device handlebars forward over the device when not in use.
Additional objects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objects and advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

Disposable bag and mounting apparatus for a lawn mower

Snapper Power Equipment, Division of Fuqua Industries, Inc.


A flange finisher strip has a reinforcement member and elastomeric cover. The reinforcement member is channel shaped in cross section with a member extending inwardly into the channel. A retaining mechanism is associated with the extending member to secure the strip onto a flange.

The present invention relates to flange finisher strips and, more particularly, to weatherstrips for automotive vehicles
Flange finisher strips are used in the automotive industry to mount weatherstrips to seal the edges of windows, doors, trunks, engine compartments or the like. Flange finisher strips are also used to cover flange edges for decorative and/or protective purposes. Generally, flange finishers are installed onto a flange during the assembly of the automotive vehicle and, hence, it is desirable that the flange finisher strip be easily installed. On the other hand, it is also generally intended that the installation be permanent, hence, it is also desirable that the flange finisher be highly resistant to removal from the flange.
Belt weatherstripping as well as other weatherstripping is well known in the automotive art. Belt weatherstripping may be used along the flange at the bottom of a movable window of an automotive vehicle to cover the flange, to seal the window and to improve the appearance of the vehicle. In this case, belt weatherstripping may have a show surface which is presented to view from the outside of the vehicle.
Although weatherstrips are known in the art, there remains a need for improved retention means to secure the weatherstrip onto the associated flange. In particular, there is a need for weatherstrips to have an improved tolerance to irregularities on or in the flange. Thus, it would be desirable in the case of belt weatherstripping, if the weatherstrip would present a consistent smooth outer show surface even when mounted on an irregular flange. It would also be desirable if the show surface of the belt weatherstrip were accurately and consistently positioned regardless of irregularities in the associated flange. It, of course, also would be desirable if the weatherstrip were easily mounted or installed on the flange with relatively little force but, once mounted, would require substantial force to remove.
Accordingly, the present invention provides an improved flange finisher especially suitable for use as a belt weatherstrip on the automotive vehicle. The weatherstrip has an improved retention means which is easily installed on a flange but is then difficult to remove. Furthermore, the weatherstrip may present a consistent show surface and is tolerant to irregularities in the associated flange.
These and other advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and claims.

Belt weatherstrip for automotive vehicle


A system, according to one embodiment, includes a master key for encryption of data; an encryption key site accessible by computer and storing a first piece of the master key; a configuration file resident in a computer file system, the configuration file storing a second piece of the master key; a computer database storing a third piece of the master key; a master-key seal key used to encrypt the master key, wherein a secure self managed data (SSMD) key is obtained by assembling and decrypting the first piece, the second piece and the third piece using the master-key seal key; a unique ID for the data; a classification level for the data; and an expiration time for the data, wherein the data, the unique ID, the classification level, and the expiration time are encrypted together using the SSMD key to form an SSMD encoded data.

1. Technical Field
Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to data security and, more particularly, to providing secure data that is self-protecting.
2. Related Art
Secure data is desired or needed in many different fields of endeavor, especially with the increased availability and use of the Internet and electronic data storage. Financial or personal data, for example, can be especially sensitive and may require that only one or a very select few people can access the data. Companies invest large amounts of time, money, and resources into making sure sensitive data is secure. Data security may be useful both to the public (e.g., consumers) as well as to the government for compliance with regulations requiring certain levels of security for companies managing or using secure data. Examples of secure data include a person's date of birth, social security number, mother's maiden name, place of birth, financial institution account numbers, and account passwords. Means to secure data include, for example, investing in secure databases with secure firewall networks, installing management applications to determine when certain data expire or are to be archived, and encrypting data with keys.
Most, if not all, however, of current means for securing data require investment in the infrastructure needed to protect the data.


A bearing assembly for a gear pump that includes a bearing housing, a bearing, and a biasing member. The bearing housing has a housing bore that extends between a first housing end and a second housing end along a bearing axis. The bearing is disposed within the housing bore. The bearing has an outer diameter extending between a first bearing end and a second bearing end. The biasing member is disposed between the bearing and the bearing housing to apply a biasing load to the bearing.

Gear pumps are provided with bearings and gears that require tight clearances to maintain volumetric efficiencies. Commonly the bearings gears are machined to closely fit within a gear pump housing. Alternatively, the bearings or gears may be provided with larger clearances that may reduce volumetric efficiencies of the gear pump.

High efficiency gear pump bearing assembly


An additive for gasoline, especially gasoline containing ethanol in an amount of up to about 15%, reduces the potential for phase separation of water from the gasoline. The additive has two components. The first component consists essentially of glycol butyl ether. The second component consists essentially of nonylphenol polyethylene glycol ether with minor amounts of polyethylene glycol and dinonylphenyl polyoxyethylene. Typically, the additive has the first component present in an amount in the range of from about 90 to about 95% by volume, with the balance being the second component. The additive is effective when added to the gasoline in an amount in the range of from about 0.52% to 0.63% by volume.

Many sources of fuel today contain some amount of ethanol, because of the oxygen content, which assists in reducing emissions. One fuel type commonly supplemented with ethanol is gasoline used in engines for machines such as vehicles, boats, planes, and other equipment. Ethanol has a natural affinity for water and if improperly stored, fuel comprising of ethanol-blended gasoline may absorb water potentially leading to phase separation. Phase separation occurs when the water present exceeds the amount that can be held by the ethanol. Once separated, the water in the fuel may freeze in fuel lines under freezing temperatures and lead to engine damages.
When phase separation occurs, there will be two or three distinct layers formed in the tank. Of these, the auto fuel will be the top layer, with a layer of water at the bottom. An intermediate layer, if present, will be an ethanol-water mixture, which will often be of a milky color.
Phase separation is temperature dependent. For example, an auto fuel with 10% ethanol ("E-10") can hold approximately 0.05% water at 60° F., which amounts to about 3.8 teaspoons of water per gallon of fuel. When the temperature drops to 20° F., the fuel can only hold about 2.8 teaspoons of water.
Phase separation can happen in an underground or an aboveground storage tank, a vehicle tank, a boat tank, in any type of equipment tank, and even in the gas can in your garage.
The position of a phase separation interface relative to the fuel pick-up point will determine the observed effect of the phase separation. If the pick-up tube is in the water layer, most likely the engine will fail to start. If the engine is running and suddenly draws water you can have damage from thermal shock or hydro-lock. If the pick-up tube draws ethanol-water mixture or just ethanol, the engine will operate in an extreme lean condition, which can cause significant damage or even catastrophic failure. Even if the pick-up tube draws the gasoline, it will operate poorly due to lower octane that is the result of no longer having the ethanol in the fuel.
Ethanol separation can also affect fiberglass fuel tanks, especially as seen in boats but before the early 1990s. Ethanol can attack the materials from which the tanks are made.
Another additive previously used in gasolines, methyl teriary-butyl ether ("MTBE"), has effectively been displaced by ethanol. This is due to its carcinogenic nature and its ability to pollute ground water in the event of a fuel spill or leak.
Before MTBE or ethanol were used as fuel additives, a low-molecular weight alcohol such as methanol or ethanol water commonly used to eliminate phase separation. Now that ethanol is already in the fuel, the effectiveness of that former
It is therefore an unmet advantage to provide an effective phase separation reduction composition for use with ethanol-containing fuels.

Composition to reduce phase separation in automobile fuels


A process for designing of PCR-based detection method for Chlamydia trachomatis comprising designing of PCR primers from the genome sequence of Chlamydia trachomatis selecting DNA sequence of genes for PCR based diagnostic of Chlamydia trachomatis, optimizing the PCR conditions of the PCR primers; subjecting the said genes and primers to the step of characterization.

This invention relates to a designing of PCR based detection method for chlamydia trachomatis.
Culture method: Chlamydiae were first detected by light microscopy in conjuctival scrapings from orangutangs inoculated with material from trachoma patients in 1907. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of light microscopy, however, are not satisfactory. Because Chlamydia depends on ATP and other nutritional factors from a host cell it can reproduce only in other cell. The inclusion body, containing thousands of C. trachomatis can be visualized by staining with fluorescein-conjugated antibody directed against one of the organism's surface antigens. Because the inclusion body is highly characteristic, cell culture is considered to have a specificity of 100%.
Sensitivity of this method is as low as 50% as organisms may lose infectivity during transportation and storage, which will reduce the likelihood of propagation. In addition, the surface area of the cell culture layer and/or the amount of sample material added to the cell culture influence the sensitivity. Cell culture, however, is time-consuming, laborious and expensive and can therefore be provided by only a few central laboratories.
Antigen detection: Antigen detection methods comprise Enzyme-inked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and Direct immunofluorescence assays (DFA). The currently commercially available ELISA all use the LPS as antigen. The LPS part of Chlamydia binds to immobilized anti-LPS antibodies and the ELISA tests are therefore genus specific and detect all Chlamydia species. A secondary antibody that is bound to the Chlamydia is linked to an enzyme, which generates a colour change, measured as optical density, on addition of subtrate. In DFA, fluorescein-conjugated antibodies directed against either the LPS or the MOMP component react with the Chlamydia surface. The fluorescein can subsequently be visualized by fluorescence microscopy.
The diagnostic efficacy of these methods is not high enough to warrant clinical use unless the need for a fast result overweighs the lower diagnostic accuracy. Also, the ELISA tests may reveal positive results in the presence of other organisms such as E. coli and Bacteroides sp, and Staphylococcus aureus may be captured instead of Chlamydia due to binding to the Fc region of the antibodies, thereby causing false-positive reactions. DFA requires skilled personnel in order to differentiate C. trachomatis organisms from non-specific fluorescent particles.
DNA/RNA detection: DNA/RNA detection assays can be divided into probe assays and amplification assays. In probe assays a synthesized single stranded oligonucleotide hybridizes to a part of C. trachomatis DNA or RNA. The most widely used probe technique is the Gen-Probe assay, in which a probe reacts with ribosomal RNA (rRNA) of C. trachomatis, which is present in hundreds of copies in each organism.
The diagnostic performance of non-amplified probe technique is not substantially different from that of the best ELISA.
Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs): In nucleic acid amplification Tests specific probes hybridize to C. trachomatis DNA or RNA and the DNA/RNA flanked by the primers (target DNA) is exponentially copied. Target gene—The Plasmid: The plasmid is unique for C. trachomatis, is well conserved within the species, and is present in approximately 10 copies in each C. trachomatis organism. Using the plasmid as target DNA should therefore theoretically lower the detection limit by a factor of 10 compared with a single chromosomal gene, for example MOMP gene.
The 16S-rRNA gene: By using the 16S-rRNA gene, which is present in all bacteria and is the most conserved gene known, all Chlamydia species can be detected by just one primer set. This is done by constructing the primers to anneal at the genus-specific regions of the 16S-rRNA gene. The genus specific regions flank variable-regions that are specific for each species. The amplified products comprise the variable region flanked by the two genus specific regions. The species can be determined by specific probe or RFLP, or by DNA sequencing.
Target gene for NAATs Target gene for NAATs The Plasmid: Some studies give evidence or suggest that the plasmid-free variants are present in clinical samples, and although it may seem that plasmid is involved in DNA replication, it has been possible to culture a plasmid-free variant. Thus, the infections caused by plasmid-free variants will be undetected if the plasmid is used as target gene.
The 16S-rRNA gene: Due to high homology of the 16S RNA gene with other organisms, optimal reaction conditions are crucial in order to avoid annealing of primers to 16S-rRNA gene of the other organisms that are present in all non-sterile clinical samples.

The Secretary, Department of Biotechnology


An electromagnetic effect protective cap assembly for enclosing an end portion of a fastener assembly extending through a structure, includes a sidewall configured to define an interior space and having an end portion of the sidewall which defines a first opening aligned with the interior space which allows passage of the end portion of the fastener assembly through the first opening and into the interior space. The protective cap further includes a second opening which is defined by and extends through the sidewall and is spaced apart from the first opening. In addition, the protective cap further includes a valve member positioned in blocking relationship with respect to the second opening with the valve member positioned between the interior space and an exterior of the sidewall.

EME protective caps are used within an aircraft construction to mitigate electromagnetic effects, from lightning strikes. The protective caps are used particularly in areas of the aircraft such as within fuel tanks and other areas within the aircraft which may contain sensitive equipment and/or flammable material. The protective caps are secured to a structure of the aircraft with an adhesive sealant wherein the protective caps enclose an end portion of a fastener assembly extending from the structure.
During the lifetime of an aircraft the protective caps are removed from the structure of the aircraft to which they are secured to inspect the substructure and integrity of the fastener assembly, which would include for example the threaded fastener and any collars, nuts, washers and any other related securement components. When maintenance is complete, protective caps need to be installed at the locations where the protective caps were removed. Installation of the protective caps, whether at the time of completion of maintenance or at the time of original fabrication of the aircraft, involve the installer holding the protective cap in position against the structure enclosing the end portion of the fastener assembly while the adhesive sealant adequately cures thereby securing the protective cap to the structure.
The installer holding the protective cap in position while the adhesive sealant adequately cures is time consuming and costly. This is particularly the case when the protective cap is positioned upside down, on an incline or on a vertical surface of a structure and needs to be held in that position by the installer and resist the force applied to the protective cap by gravity. The protective cap needs to be held in position for a sufficient amount of time for the sealant to adequately cure and avoid separation of the protective cap from the structure or sliding of the protective cap relative to the structure. As a result, there is a need to efficiently and cost effectively hold the protective cap in position against the structure during cure of the adhesive sealant in the interface between the protective cap and the structure and not involve excessive time of the installer to hold the protective cap in position waiting for the adhesive sealant to cure.


The invention provides an adjusting method of a system for changing a working frequency in an operation system for a computer system. The adjusting method includes establishing a look-up table, and detecting a newest value of the working frequency. An adjustment value can be obtained from the look-up table according to the newest value of the working frequency. In addition, a phase difference of a control signal of a memory is adjusted in the computer system according to the adjustment value and the working frequency is executed stably in optimum status according to the present invention.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention is related to an adjusting method of a computer system and memory, more particularly, to the adjusting method for changing a working frequency according to a phase difference of a control signal of the memory, and the computer system and the memory still execute stably while loading an operation system.
2. Description of the Related Art
With the requirements of multi-media development and the computer system revolution improves, the memory with higher speed, preferred function and lower power consumption is needed. Some kinds of memory technologies, such as Rambus DRAM, DDR SDRAM, and standard SDRAM for PC133 are competitiveness in the market. High speed memory such as DDR can be manufactured by conventional apparatuses, and will be the next generation of DRAM standard. For DDR, the speed of transmitting data is doubled to increase the speed of execution.
FIG. 1A is a time-domain diagram of Data Queue Strobe (DQS) signal of DDR in a normal status. Referred to FIG. 1A, in the normal status, the cross point of the DQS signal 102 and the reference voltage signal 104 is about the time point of the positive peak value A or the negative peak value B of the data timing signal 106. In other words, when the voltage differential value of the data timing signal 106 meets a maximum absolute value, the DQS signal 102 crosses with the reference voltage signal 104 for the memory executing stably.
FIG. 1B is a time-domain diagram of DQS signal in an overclock rate status. Referred to FIG. 1B, when a computer executes in either a higher clock rate or a lower clock rate compared with a normal status, the curves of the DQS signal 102 and the data timing signal 106 become deformed, not as the smooth curves that shown in FIG. 1A. At the moment, the cross point of the DQS signal 102 and the reference voltage signal 104 will not possible equal to the time point that meets a maximum absolute value of the voltage differential value of the data timing signal 106. As a result, the memory cannot work stably.

Method for adjusting computer system and memory


For conserving bedding material such as wood shavings when cleaning livestock environments such as horse stalls, a lightweight manure fork, specially configured with an open flat working region with relatively short tines, is combined with a highly efficient fan-type blower unit attached to the handle. Delivering air-flow onto the tined working region in short blasts under finger control, the worker simply manipulates the fork in the normal manner to remove the manure; the loose bedding material is blown off the fork and back onto surrounding regions of the stall, thus saving a substantial portion of the usual replenishment costs. The invention thus accomplishes substantial overall cost savings and environmental conservation without requiring special supervision, unusual diligence, effort or skill on the part of the worker.

Manual cleaning of horse stalls or other livestock facilities, as conventionally practiced, is typically performed utilizing a commercially-available specially-shaped fork consisting of a scoop portion configured with a row of extending tines, typically molded from plastic, and a handle attached to the scoop portion. In conventional practice of stall cleaning, there is substantial waste because much of the wood shaving bedding material becomes removed and discarded along with the manure, thus necessitating frequent costly replenishment that can amount to many bags of shavings per week per animal, representing a substantial cost factor.
The main approach presently available to control this cost factor is to train, motivate and supervise workers to take the extra time and diligent effort to salvage the wood shavings; however such special training and effort is likely to be merely a tradeoff, shifting the cost to labor and supervision, and could result in zero or negative savings overall. The cost of wasted bedding material is particularly high in prestigious operations and expensive boarding sites where the stalls must be kept in top condition by frequent cleaning and where wood shavings are utilized plentifully for aesthetic and show purposes.

Combined manure fork and fan-type shavings blower


An infant is positioned on its side between two pads to restrain its movement during rest time or sleeping. A strap passed around the infant and under the arms maintains the infant's position with respect to the pads. In one embodiment, a diaper-like holding device is secured to the infant and the pads attached thereto. In another embodiment, the pads are positioned on a support member and the infant is positioned on its side between the pads.

In the United States, it has been considered advisable to position infants, herein referring to as newborn babies up to the age of one year, so that they will sleep on their stomachs, a prone position, to keep the infants from choking if they burp or spit-up while sleeping. The American Academy of Pediatrics has recently recommended to doctors that infants sleep supine, that is on their sides or backs, because of a link between an increased risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) and the prone position. SIDS is a mysterious affliction that strikes infants without warning and the infants suddenly stop breathing for reasons that is still not understood and that don't show up on autopsies. In a period of 1980 to 1987 in the United States, there was a male death rate of 0.16% from SIDS, with a female death rate somewhat less. While the syndrome can occur anytime during the first year of life, about 90% of the cases cluster in babies 2 to 6 months of age. SIDS strikes about 1 in every 1,000 infants in the United States and kills an estimated 6,000 babies yearly.


An airship docking station includes one or more sources of relatively high speed airflow to facilitate landing an airship in turbulent or gusting air conditions. The sources of airflow are arranged to produce an envelope of airflow over the surface of the airship to stabilize the airship as it lands and is moved into a docked position where it can be secured. The docking station allows an airship to land with reduced or eliminated risk of damage to the airship, payload or ground personnel injury compared to current methods in use. The docking station and method thus ensure more consistent wind conditions adjacent the docking station. Protection from buffeting by gusting winds also facilitates automated or semi-automated airship landing with fewer or no ground personnel.

Airships, which in the context of this invention includes any airship, aerostat, dirigible, blimp, or other lighter-than-air vehicle, generally owe their buoyancy to inflatable bladders containing a material that is lighter than air—pressurized helium or hydrogen gas, for example. Some airships include a power source for independent travel, and others are connected to the ground through a tether, such as for the purposes of surveillance or marketing. Airships typically have an aerodynamic shape to weathervane to face into the wind and to minimize wind-generated drag forces.
Although some airships can remain aloft for a long time, airships typically need to return to the ground periodically—to avoid severe weather conditions, or for repair and scheduled maintenance of either the airship or payload equipment carried by the airship, such as radar and electro-optical sensors. Landing/docking an airship typically requires 10-15 people on the ground to stabilize the airship and prevent damage to its skin or payload until it is secured. This landing process can be risky to technical payloads and dangerous to ground personnel during times of gusty winds and turbulence. Recent U.S. military experience with tethered airships has shown a frequent occurrence of either damage to a critical sensor from a ground strike or loss of the entire airship due to a broken cable. At times over the past 10 years the loss of an airship occurred at an average rate of once per month, thus reducing the situational awareness of potential threats in the area.


A videoconferencing system has a videoconferencing unit that use portable devices as peripherals for the system. The portable devices obtain near-end audio and send the audio to the videoconferencing unit via a wireless connection. In turn, the videoconferencing unit sends the near-end audio from the loudest portable device along with near-end video to the far-end. The portable devices can control the videoconferencing unit and can initially establish the videoconference by connecting with the far-end and then transferring operations to the videoconferencing unit. To deal with acoustic coupling between the unit's loudspeaker and the portable device's microphone, the unit uses an echo canceller that is compensated for differences in the clocks used in the A/D and D/A converters of the loudspeaker and microphone.

Videoconferencing units are complex devices, requiring complicated functions to operate. Therefore, videoconferencing vendors create special remote controls and menus to operate the units, but these can be hard to learn and use. This is especially true when the unit has several functional capabilities.
Additionally, good quality microphone pickup in a videoconference requires the participants to be no more than 3-feet from the microphones. Therefore, videoconferencing vendors provide special microphones for placement on tables near the participants in a conference room. The microphones often have wires that can get in the way. As a solution, wireless microphones are available for videoconferencing systems, but they need to be repeatedly recharged if used often, which can be inconvenient.
The subject matter of the present disclosure is directed to overcoming, or at least reducing the effects of, one or more of the problems set forth above.

Pairing devices in conference using ultrasonic beacon and subsequent control thereof


A shield device for any phone with an antenna that emits and receives microwaves, in particular cellular phones. The shield device protects a user by blocking the passage of microwaves to and from the cellular phone antenna while the phone is in use. In the first embodiment of the invention, the shield device comprises a rectangular shaped body with an upper tab for attaching the shield device to the antenna and two opposing lower tabs for attaching the shield device to the upper portion of the cellular phone. The shield device consists of a cover with a pocket for receiving the shielding member. In a second embodiment of the invention, the shield device contemplates a semi-circular hollow tubular member adapted to fit over an antenna. The tubular member has an elastic bottom portion adapted to fit firmly over the antenna ferrule. The bottom portion of the tubular member consists of a resilient disk member, thus protecting the user from any microwaves emitted and received by the antenna. In a third embodiment of the invention, the shield device comprises a hollow tubular member with telescoping members of a collapsible, retractable form.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to shield devices and more particularly pertains to a shield device for cellular phones which may be used to protect a user from microwaves emitted and received by an antenna.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The use of shield devices is known in the prior art. More specifically, shield devices heretofore devised and utilized for the purpose of protecting a user from electromagnetic waves emitted from portable phones are known to consist basically of familiar, expected and obvious structural configurations, notwithstanding the myriad of designs encompassed by the crowded prior art which have been developed for the fulfillment of countless objectives and requirements.
The present invention is directed to improving devices for protecting a user from microwaves emitted and received by a phone antenna in a manner which is safe, secure, economical and aesthetically pleasing.
It is common to install electromagnetic shielding devices for portable phones and other electronic equipment which is subject to electromagnetic interference from internally and externally generated electromagnetic signals.
Such a device is shown and described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,124,889 and is installed within the casing of the phone itself.
Another example of a shield device is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,783,666 and is designed to protect antenna arrays from weather conditions.
Other relevant patents include U.S. Pat. Nos. DES. 305,334, DES. 309,302, and 5,079,562.
There is concern about the possibility of harmful effects to users of cellular phones from microwaves emitted and received by the antenna when the phone is in use. Drawbacks of the prior art shield device comprise lack of protection for a user from the microwave leakage. The present invention is unique in responding to the above concern.
In this respect, the shield device according to the present invention substantially departs from the conventional concepts and designs of the prior art, and in so doing provides an apparatus primarily developed for the purpose of protecting a user from microwaves emitted and received by the cellular phone antenna.
Therefore, it can be appreciated that there exists a continuing need for new and improved shield device which can protect a user from cellular phone antenna microwave leakage. In this regard, the present invention substantially fulfills this need.