In operational environments where local loop generation equipment is used, communication interruptions between a central office and a customer premises device is minimized by using a dedicated communications link between the local loop generation equipment and the central office. A processing mechanism at the central office determines if, when, and under what circumstances the customer premises device will be notified in response to the activation of local loop generation equipment. This eliminates the need to place local loop generation equipment in series with a communications path that runs between the central office and the customer premises. The central office may provide the dedicated communications link in the form of a telephone line which is equipped to place outgoing local calls, but not equipped to receive incoming calls, and not equipped to place long-distance calls.

Ever-increasing numbers of telephone customers may be coupled to local loop generation equipment, examples of which are security systems, doorbell answering devices, and access control mechanisms. In particular, doorbell answering systems are commonly utilized in multi-family housing units. These systems generally place a switching mechanism in series with the tip/ring lines running from the telephone company central switching office to the customer premises. Normally, this switching mechanism is closed, completing a circuit between the switching office and the customer premises. In this closed state, customers are able to communicate voice and/or data over their telephone lines as if the access control system was not even present. However, this communication is subject to interruption at any time. When a visitor wishes to notify a person at a selected customer premises of his or her presence, the visitor pushes a button, or presses one or more keys on a keypad. The access control system responds to the button or key presses by opening up the circuit between the customer and the central switching office, and by providing a local loop between the visitor and the selected customer premises.
This open circuit is something of a nuisance if it interrupts a voice call already in progress. However, the open circuit is also problematic in cases where the transfer of data is interrupted. For example, many people use a computer modem to access the Internet over conventional telephone lines. Once the circuit between the central office (CO) and the computer modem is broken, the modem will disconnect from the telephone line. The subscriber loses data during this interruption, and may also be faced with the inconvenience of having to re-log into an online service.
The circuit between the central office and the customer is broken so that a local loop may be provided between the customer premises and an access door. After the circuit has been broken, the door answering system then feeds a ringing signal to the telephone line serving the subscriber's premises. When a person at the customer premises takes a telephone off-hook, voice communications are now enabled between this person and the visitor. If this person wishes to grant the visitor access, this person presses a specified DTMF tone sequence on the telephone keypad or, alternatively, presses a lock release button separate and apart from the telephone system to grant the visitor access.
Although the foregoing example deals with local loop generation equipment in the form of a doorbell answering system, other types of local loop generation equipment present similar problems. Whenever the local loop generation equipment creates a local loop, voice and data communications between the customer and the central office are interrupted.
Refer to FIG. 1, which is a hardware block diagram of an illustrative prior art access control system. This access control system places intercom equipment 105 in series between central office 101 and housing unit 103. For the sake of clarity, FIG. 1 shows only one housing unit 103, whereas, in a more typical application, intercom equipment 105 would be placed in series between tip/ring wire pairs running from the central office 101 to each of a plurality of housing units. Tip/ring lines 115, 117 from central office 101 are coupled to a switching mechanism 107 in intercom equipment 105. Switching mechanism 107 selectively switches tip/ring lines 115, 117 to tip/ring lines 119, 121 serving housing unit 103. Normally, switching mechanism 107 is closed, completing a circuit between the switching office and the customer premises by coupling tip line 115 to tip line 119, and ring line 117 to ring line 121. In this manner, customers are now able to place outgoing calls, and also to receive incoming calls, as if the intercom equipment 105 was not even present.
When a visitor wishes to notify a person at a selected housing unit 103 of his or her presence, the visitor pushes a button, or presses one or more keys on a keypad at a lobby interface device 111. In response to the receipt of these keypress signals at switching mechanism 107, microprocessor 109 activates switching mechanism 107 to break the connection between central office 101 and housing unit 103, and to connect housing unit 103 to lobby interface device 111, thereby forming a local loop between lobby interface device 111 and housing unit 103. More specifically, switching mechanism 107 opens up the circuit between tip line 115 and tip line 119, and also between ring line 117 and ring line 121, and closes the circuit between tip line 119 and tip line 123, as well as ring line 121 and ring line 125. The keypress signals are sent out over tip/ring lines 123, 125 which form the local loop between the lobby interface device 111 and the switching mechanism 107. The keypress signals could, but need not, be DTMF signals or pulse dialing signals.
The switching mechanism 107 forwards these keypress signals to microprocessor 109, which responds to the button or key presses by activating switching mechanism 107. The intercom equipment 105 then feeds a ringing signal, via switching mechanism 107, to a telephone at housing unit 103. When a person at housing unit 103 takes the telephone off-hook, voice communications are now enabled between this person and the visitor. If this person wishes to grant the visitor access, this person presses a specified DTMF tone sequence on the telephone keypad or, alternatively, presses a lock release button separate and apart from the telephone system to grant the visitor access.
Unfortunately, whenever a visitor activates the lobby interface device 111 to signal a resident, the resident may already be in data and/or voice communication with central office 101. If, for example, the resident is communicating over the Internet, the Internet connection will typically be lost. These breaks in communication may occur unexpectedly, unpredictably, and repeatedly, causing the resident to become frustrated with the overall quality of telephone service.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.


A wide-angle converter lens capable of being detachably mounted on an enlargement side of an imaging lens includes a first optical element, at least one optical element having negative refractive power, and at least one optical element having positive refractive power, wherein, when an average value of relative partial dispersions of the first optical element and all optical elements of which the sign of refractive power is the same as that of the first optical element is denoted by θgF_ave, a relative partial dispersion of the first optical element is denoted by θgF, and an Abbe number of the first optical element is denoted by νd, these numerical values satisfy appropriate relationships.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a wide-angle converter lens which can be mounted on an imaging lens used for a digital still camera, a video camera, a broadcasting camera, or the like, particularly, an imaging lens of which a variable magnification ratio is 10 or more, and of which a half angle of view ω at a wide-angle end is 30° or more.
2. Description of the Related Art
There have been conventionally proposed many wide-angle converter lenses, each of which is mounted on an object side of an imaging lens (master lens) and which changes a focal length of an entire photographing system to be short in the state of maintaining a focal plane of the entire system at a constant position.
For example, U.S. Pat. No. 7,463,424 discusses a wide-angle converter lens which includes, in order from an object side, a first lens unit having negative refractive power and a second lens unit having positive refractive power, in which four lens elements constitute an afocal system as a total system, and of which the focal length conversion magnification ratio is about 0.8.
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-119346 discusses a wide-angle converter lens which includes a first lens unit configured with two lenses having negative refractive power and a second lens unit configured with a lens having negative refractive power and a lens having positive refractive power, and of which the focal length conversion magnification ratio is about 0.65.
However, in U.S. Pat. No. 7,463,424, if the wide-angle converter lens is mounted on an imaging lens (hereinafter also referred to as "master lens"), axial chromatic aberration (longitudinal chromatic aberration) at the telephoto end with respect to a reference wavelength is in the "under" state for g-line, so that the achromatic balance of the imaging lens is changed.
In addition, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-119346, if the wide-angle converter lens is mounted on an imaging lens (master lens), similarly to U.S. Pat. No. 7,463,424, axial chromatic aberration at the telephoto end with respect to a reference wavelength is in the "under" state for g-line and in the "over" state for C-line. In other words, the achromatic balance of the imaging lens is changed.
In other words, if such a wide-angle converter lens described above is mounted on the imaging lens, the balance of chromatic aberration from the middle zoom range to the telephoto end, particularly, the balance of axial chromatic aberration is deteriorated.


A differential, having at least one drive gear, at least two axle gears, at least one compensating gear, and at least one connector element, in which the connector element is subjected to at least one first torque from the drive gear and transmits at least one second torque to at least one of the at least two axle gears. The drive gear is constructed in such a manner that the drive gear at least partially encloses at least one interior space, and the connector element is arranged at least partially inside the interior space enclosed at least partially by the drive gear.

The invention relates to a differential, having at least one drive gear, having at least two axle gears, having at least one compensating gear, and having at least one connector element, wherein the connector element receives at least one first torque from the drive gear, and wherein the connector element transmits at least one second torque to at least one of the at least two axle gears, by means of at least one compensating gear.
A differential gear, also called a compensating gear box, or a differential for short, is a special planetary gear which, for example in the case of a vehicle following a curved path, compensates for the different path lengths traveled by the two wheels of one axle, whereby the wheels rotate at different speeds. For this purpose, a connector element receives a drive torque from a drive gear, and thereby is brought into rotation. The drive gear itself is in turn connected to a transmission gearing, and is connected to the actual vehicle motor via this transmission gearing. Two axle gears are arranged in the connector element, and each transmit a torque to an axle segment connected to a wheel, wherein this torque is proportional to the prespecified drive torque. The compensating gear in this case has a torque-relevant connection to the axle gears. In the event that a difference in rotation speed arises between the two wheels, the compensating gear rotates with the effect that one axle rotates at a higher speed. The connector element in the prior art is generally a differential cage, wherein the axle gears and the compensating gears are arranged in the same, and the differential cage is connected on the periphery thereof to the drive gear. One design of a differential is disclosed in US patent publication no. US 2010/0062892 (=WO 2008/122276), for example.
Disadvantages in the designs given by the prior art arise particularly from the differential cage. The latter is commonly difficult to manufacture, leads to large space requirements, and involves high weight.


A voltage regulator is provided that includes an error amplifier circuit having a reference voltage input port that receives a reference voltage, N input ports, N output ports, and N power transistors, where N is a positive integer that is greater than or equal to 2. Each of the power transistors has a gate that is connected to one of the N output ports. The error amplifier amplifies a difference between the reference voltage and each of N respective feedback voltages input to the N input ports, respectively, and outputs amplified voltages to the respective N output ports.

While advanced functionality of mobile devices increases with the rapid development of mobile devices, the capacity of batteries of mobile devices remains limited. For this reason, most mobile device manufacturers put more effort into increasing the use time of mobile devices rather than increasing battery capacity. In other words, most mobile device manufacturers focus more on improving battery use efficiency than increasing battery capacity.
Mobile devices typically include a low-dropout (LDO) regulator that is provided with an operating voltage from a power management IC included in the mobile device. The LDO regulator converts the operating voltage into an output voltage that is provided to a semiconductor chip of the mobile device. The LDO regulator needs to obtain a sufficient dropout voltage, i.e., a difference between an input voltage and an output voltage of the LDO regulator, in order to correctly generate the output voltage that is provided to the semiconductor chip. The LDO regulator has a feedback loop that includes an error amplifier and a power transistor. The error amplifier measures the difference between a reference voltage and the output voltage and adjusts the gate voltage of the power transistor in order to regulate the dropout voltage of the LDO regulator.
If the dropout voltage is too small, the overall feedback loop gain of the LDO regulator decreases. As a result, a large error occurs in the output voltage of the LDO regulator. However, although a sufficient dropout voltage is needed to prevent errors in the output voltage of the LDO regulator, the power efficiency of the LDO regulator decreases as the dropout voltage increases.
In some cases, a single LDO regulator is required to provide a plurality of output voltages. If a plurality of error amplifiers are used to provide the LDO regulator with a plurality of output voltages, the size of the chip that incorporates the LDO regulator and driving current may increase with the increase in the number of error amplifiers, which are undesirable effects.

Voltage regulator and integrated circuit including the same


A test support apparatus includes a base, a support bracket, a first positioning member mounted to the support bracket; and a positioning arm. The support bracket is pivotally mounted to the base and keeps an angle relative to the base. The support bracket supports a product. The positioning arm defines an elongated positioning slot. The positioning arm is mounted to the base. The first positioning member is positioned in different positions of the elongated positioning slot to change the angle.

1. Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to a test support apparatus.
2. Description of Related Art
Products, such as expansion cards, often need to go through various tests. When the expansion card is tested, the expansion card is mounted to a test support apparatus. The testing support apparatus cannot be adjusted to change the position of the expansion card.

Hong Fu Jin Precision Industry (WuHan) Co., Ltd.


The present invention relates to a method of improving the ground of a large section area. A double pipe, having a first nozzle directed in the lateral direction and a second nozzle surrounding the first nozzle, is inserted into a hole dug in the ground. A ground improving agent is injected at high pressure from the first nozzle through one pipe of the double pipe. A reproduced slurry, obtained by reproducing grouted slimes, is injected from the second nozzle through the other pipe of the double pipe at a lower pressure than the pressure of the ground improving agent. While rotating, the double pipe is lifted up from under ground. The ground improving agent, injected at the high pressure, is surrounded by the reproduced slurry injected at the lower pressure. The frictional resistance between the ground improving agent and the sediments is reduced, the arrival distance of the ground improving agent is increased, and the abrasive effect is obtained. Instead of surrounding the first nozzle, the second nozzle can be arranged at a position closer to the first nozzle. Further, a triple pipe, having the first and second nozzles and a third nozzle surrounding the first and second nozzles, can be inserted into the hole dug in the ground. The ground improving agent is injected at high pressure from the first nozzle through a first pipe in the triple pipe. The reproduced slurry, obtained by reproducing the grouted slimes, is injected from the second nozzle through a second pipe in the triple pipe at a lower pressure than the pressure of the ground improving agent. A gas is blown out from the third nozzle through a third pipe in the triple pipe. While rotating, the triple pipe is lifted up from under the ground. Both the ground improving agent injected at the high pressure and the reproduced slurry injected at the lower pressure are surrounded by the gas. This method results in reproduction of the grouted slimes, assurance of the necessary injection amount of the grouting ground improving agent, and suitabloe jet stream dynamic pressure distribution.

Examples of typical ground improving methods include a jet grouting method and a chemical churning piling method. According to the jet grouting method, a ground area is dug and grouted using a super high pressure jet water and an air surrounding the jet water. A ground injecting agent is injected and filled into a space dug and grouted by the jet water and air. This method has advantages such that the arrival distance of the jet water is extended and the ground can be grouted over a wide range (large section area). However, since the grouted slimes are blown up onto the ground due to the lifting operation of the air, a problem arises because the grouted slimes, blow up onto the ground, should be properly treated. Also, if cement milk is used as a ground improving agent, a problem arises such that part of the cement milk is blown up onto the ground and a secondary environmental pollution is caused due to the alkalinity of cement.
On the other hand, in the chemical churning piling method, the ground improving agent is injected into the ground at a high pressure, the ground is dug and grouted by the destructive power thereof, and a consolidation body of the ground improving agent is constructed in the ground. Since no air is used, no grouted slime is blown up onto the ground. Thus, the problem of treatment of the grouted slimes etc. does not occur. However, a drawback occurs because the arrival distance of the ground improving agent is relatively short and the ground cannot be grouted over a wide range.
The applicant has already proposed a ground improving method in which a ground improving agent (such as cement milk, cement bacillus, or the like), injected at a high pressure, is surrounded by a liquid (such as water) which is injected at a lower pressure. Frictional resistance between the ground improving agent and the sediments is reduced, thereby increasing the arrival distance of the ground improving agent.
The above-mentioned method itself is effective. However, in the case of using only an amount of jet stream which is the same as an amount of ground improving agent necessary for grouting, a problem arises because the amount of jet stream will be less than a necessary injection amount of the improved consolidation body of a large area. In addition, it is generally necessary to immediately throw away grouted slimes after the ground improving agent has been used. The costs for throwing away these slimes are expensive.
Examples of conventional techniques have been proposed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,084,648, entitled "PROCESS FOR THE HIGHPRESSURE GROUTING WITHIN THE EARTH AND APPARATUS ADAPTED FOR CARRYING OUT SAME", and U.S. Pat. No. 4,047,580, entitled "HIGH-VELOCITY JET DIGGING METHOD".

Method for improving ground of large section area


A light emitting diode including a GaN substrate, a first type semiconductor layer, a light emitting layer, a second type semiconductor layer, a first electrode, and a second electrode is provided. The GaN substrate has a first surface and a second surface opposite thereto, and the second surface has a plurality of protuberances, the height of the protuberance is h μm and the distribution density of the protuberance on the second surface is d cm−2, wherein 9.87×107≦h2d, and h≦1.8. The first type semiconductor is disposed on the first surface of the GaN substrate. The light emitting layer is disposed on a partial region of the first semiconductor layer, and the wavelength of the light emitted by the light emitting layer is from 375 nm to 415 nm. The second semiconductor layer is disposed on the light emitting layer.

1. Technical Field
The technical field relates to a light emitting diode (LED) and a fabricating method thereof, and particularly to an LED and a fabricating method thereof capable of enhancing a light extraction efficiency.
2. Description of Related Art
A light emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device constituted mainly by, for example, group III-V compound semiconductor materials. Since such semiconductor materials have a characteristic of converting electricity into light, when a current is applied to the semiconductor materials, electrons therein are combined with holes and excessive energy are released in form of light, thereby achieving an effect of luminosity.
Sapphire is often used as an epitaxy substrate in an LED, generally speaking. Since sapphire is a transparent material, an LED fabricated by using sapphire would scatter light to all directions without focusing the light and resulting in waste. Meanwhile, the scattered light is absorbed by each semiconductor layer inside the LED and heat is accumulated. Therefore, the emitting luminosity and efficiency of the gallium nitride (GaN) LEDs are lowered.
Additionally, since the GaN serving as the material for the epitaxial layer in the LED and sapphire substrates have mismatching lattice constants of around 16%, a large quantity of defects occurs at lattice growth junction, thus drastically weakening the luminous intensity. Moreover, the sapphire substrates adopted in conventional LEDs have lower heat dissipation coefficients than the GaN substrates, therefore due to the heat buildup, the luminous intensity is easily reduced.
Moreover, because of the difference between the indices of refraction of GaN and air, merely 4.54% of light generated in the LED can be successfully emitted from the GaN surface to the air. Therefore, the low light extraction efficiency causes drastic reduction in the external quantum efficiency of the LED, and accordingly the industry is earnestly pursuing an LED with high light extraction efficiency.

Light emitting diode and fabricating method thereof

Industrial Technology Research Institute


A material handling turntable includes a turntable including a top for receiving a load thereon and also a bottom. The turntable further includes a motor and gear set for driving said turntable in circular motion and also includes a low friction disc slidably receiving said bottom of said turntable thereon. Preferably the turntable is assembled from multiple pie sections fastened to each other wherein each pie section including a lattice work type frame with the bottom of each frame member defining a bottom load bearing surfaces making sliding contact with said low friction disc.

This invention relates to material handling equipment. It has been developed specifically for the automobile industry for handling parts on a mass production line. However; from what follows, it will be apparent that this has applications in other production areas and is not limited to the production of automobiles or other motor vehicles.
On a production line, such as an automobile parts production line, parts, such as doors, trunk lids, hoods, body panels, etc., are stamped form sheet metal at a press and are produced at the rate, currently, of eight to twenty five per minute. The handling of these parts on the line is largely automated but at the end of the line, the parts are removed manually by crews of workers. The parts are moved into a rack that is mounted on a riser. Usually the parts are placed vertically in slots in a rack and thereafter are moved to a storage location; usually by a fork lift truck for storage before further processing and assembly.
The standard procedure is to provide a table onto which the stamped parts discharge from a conveyor. As the parts arrive at the table they are manually removed then placed in a rack. When a rack is filled, it is moved to a location from which it can be carried by forklift to storage.
Commonly the racks are placed on turntables at the end of the press line. The turntable can rotate from the loading position to an unloading position at which they are picked up by forklift to be moved to a temporary storage location. Thereafter the turntable is rotated to a position at which empty racks can be positioned and then the table is turned to the loading position once more to repeat the cycle.
Currently the turntables are supported by air bearings and are moved to the load, unload and reload rack positions by a mechanical drive. The riser mechanism can be adjusted for height to accommodate the ergonomic requirements of the crew and the geometry of the parts of the plan, but the loads placed on the conveyor are ones, which involve significant and taxing physical effort. While with the air bearing arrangement the loads once moving require little effort but to start these loads and to stop them with accuracy is demanding and inaccurate. Thus it is proposed that the table be mechanically rotated giving accuracy of position and increased speed. The most attractive proposition was using an air motor to assist in turning the table simply because air is abundant and compressors are commonly involved in production line processes. However, simply because compressed air is available, it is not abundant and cheap. Vast amounts are needed to inflate air bearings underneath the bulk of a large table and its load. These applications did not achieve higher index speed and are too expensive to operate and maintain.
In order to achieve enough rigidity for turntables supported on air bearings, it is necessary to have a fairly massive structure to tolerate the vertical loading and achieve smooth operation of the turntable. The rigidity and strength requirements results in turntables being considerably heavier than the present invention. The large mass associated with turntables riding on air bearings results in high inertia conditions that require large amounts of horse power in order to accelerate and decelerate the table to a preselected position.
In addition, in order to provide for the rigidity and strength that is necessary, the tables tend to be very thick which usually means that the turntable is mounted above the normal floor level. Therefore tow motors and/or tractors cannot simply drive onto the turntable, but must take precautions to ensure that any moving vehicles do not bump into the elevated turntable and that the load is carefully placed onto the turntable from a distal position.
It is common to have two or even more turntables receive from a production line with a crew to each turntable. The receiving table being a hexagonal outline with a base receiving from the line, two adjacent sides defining paths to two turntables, two sides facing the turntables and aside opposite the base side which could, conceivably, accommodate a third turntable. The conditions clearly are crowded and, shared by a crew and forklifts are fraught with risk.
The turntables are usually elevated and risers are positioned on them to hold the racks so that the turntables are occupying spaces, which are dedicated to them and are useless for other purposes. To this state of the art comes the inventor/engineer with a dramatic new proposal.
The inventor proposes a new turntable one or more of which can be placed at the end or intermediate location of a production line and which can be moved between a load, unload and reload positions with precision and can be moved to intermediate positions between the load and unload positions to accommodate a crew requirement with precision and safety. To achieve this the inventor uses a disc depending on a central bearing and housed within a peripheral curbing and drive comprising a motor, a drive gear, a chain, or other flexible element trained around a drive gear and the periphery of the disc. The disc has a generally flat top surface and has an annular flange at or adjacent to its periphery about which the chain is trained. The disc and flange together have a height equal to the thickness of the floor finishing layer so that by removal of that layer to expose the sub flooring the, disc can be located with its top surface flush with the surrounding floor. This provides significant safety advantages over existing arrangements and it permits the space the disc occupies to be used for multiple purposes.
With such an arrangement it becomes necessary only to excavate sub floor in a small region to accommodate the drive mechanism.
It is desirable to have a turntable which has low total mass which results in a low total inertia which results in a turntable requiring much less power to accelerate and decelerate efficiently and accurately. Additionally such a turntable has a much lower profile and/or overall thickness resulting in a turntable which in most cases can be mounted flush to the existing floor line due to the shallower profile.
The present invention a material handling turntable comprises:
a) a turntable including a top for receiving a load thereon and a bottom;
b) a means for driving said turntable in circular motion;
c) a bearing means for supporting vertical loading on said turntable operably adapted to slidably interact with said bottom of said turntable.
Preferably wherein said bearing means includes a low friction disc slidably receiving said bottom of said turntable thereon.
Preferably wherein said turntable assembled from multiple pie sections fastened to each other.
Preferably wherein each pie section including a lattice work type frame with the bottom of each frame member defining a bottom load bearing surfaces making sliding contact with said bearing means.
Preferably wherein each frame member including U shaped steel beams laid on their side with one leg of the U shaped channel defining the load bearing surfaces at the bottom.
Preferably wherein each pie section attached to a central hub at one end and to adjacent pie sections at the other broad end.
Preferably wherein each pie section is attached with one locating pin to the central hub and with one fastener at each side of the broad end of the pie to each adjacent pie section.
Preferably wherein each pie section fixed in place at three attachment points.
Preferably wherein said drive means including a chain trained around the outer periphery of said turntable which is driven by a sprocket to rotate said table.
Preferably wherein said chain is trained onto a frictional element located on the outer periphery of said turntable for holding said chain in place and imparting rotational forces.
Preferably wherein said low friction disc comprised of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene pad.
Preferably wherein said top including top plates providing for a substantially level loading surface.
Preferably wherein the number and size of pie sections is selected for ease of transportation on a flatbed trailer.
Preferably wherein said drive means including control means for controlling the rotation and positioning accuracy of said turntable.
Preferably wherein said drive means including a feed back drive system with servo motors.
Preferably wherein the turntable including a central precision bearing for supporting any radial forces.


A vacuum cleaner hose with a connection sleeve includes a hose (1) having an inner wall, a protective envelope (2) for electrical conductors (3) attached at an inner wall of the hose (1), a rear connection part (4a) formed at a connection sleeve (4) and engaging partially into the hose (1), a receiver (4b) extending from the rearward end of the connection sleeve (4) and formed for an insertion of a coordinated end of the protective envelope (2), wherein an end of the receiver (4b) is disposed opposite to an end for insertion and is closed. The receiver (4b) is formed as a tube molded to the inner jacket face of the rear connection part (4). The tube exhibits a first recess (4d) directed rearwardly from the closed end of the tube.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a vacuum cleaner hose with a connection sleeve.
2. Brief Description of thee Background of the Invention Including Prior Art
A vacuum cleaner hose with a connection sleeve is already known. Here the receiver for the end of the protective envelope comprises a projection furnished in the rear connection part, wherein the projection starts from the flanks of a slot disposed in the wall of the projection. The conventional construction has proven advantageously. However the slot in the wall of the rear connection part is not completely satisfying, since the slot can interfere with the radial stiffness of the rear connection part. In case of a use of a hose and/or of the connection sleeve, a sealing failure can be generated between the hose and the part of the rear connection part engaging into the hose, wherein the sealing failure decreases the suction force in the hose.
1. Purposes of the Invention
It is an object of the invention to furnish a vacuum cleaner hose with a connection sleeve such that a sealing failure between the hose and the connection sleeve is avoided.
These and other objects and advantages of the present invention will become evident from the description which follows.
2. Brief Description of the Invention
The present invention provides that a stiffness of the rear connection part is accomplished by having the rear connection part of the connection sleeve circumferentially closed up to the recess for the leading out of the electrical conductors, whereby a sealing failure is avoided between the hose and the rear connection part of the connection sleeve.
The novel features which are considered as characteristic for the invention are set forth in the appended claims. The invention itself, however, both as to its construction and its method of operation, together with additional objects and advantages thereof, will be best understood from the following description of specific embodiments when read in connection with the accompanying drawing. An embodiment of the invention is schematically illustrated in the drawing.

Vacuum cleaner hose with a connection sleeve


An apparatus and method for writing a product information code (PIC) to a head-disc assembly (HDA) of a disc drive data handling system to facilitate subsequent identification of the HDA. The PIC is configured as a sequence of n multi-bit encoded words. Servo data are written to a disc of the HDA as a number of p angularly spaced apart servo data fields, the servo data used by a servo control circuit to effect head positional control. The n encoded words are distributed across a subset n of the p servo data fields so that the n encoded words replace at least a portion of the servo data in the n servo data fields. Preferably, the n encoded words are written to Gray code (track address) fields of the n servo data fields and are provided with error detection and correction capabilities.

This invention relates generally to the field of data handling devices, and more particularly, but not by way of limitation, to a method and apparatus for embedding a product identification code in servo fields of a disc drive head-disc assembly.
Disc drives are data handling systems used to magnetically store and retrieve digital data files. A typical disc drive comprises two main assemblies: (1) a head-disc assembly constituting the major mechanical systems of the disc drive; and (2) a printed circuit board assembly which incorporates communication and control electronics for the drive.
A typical head-disc assembly (HDA) comprises a rigid base deck that cooperates with a top cover to form a sealed housing. Supported within the housing are one or more rigid magnetic storage discs arranged about a spindle motor for rotation at a constant high speed. A corresponding array of read/write heads are provided to transfer data between tracks defined on the disc surfaces and a host device (such as a computer) in which the disc drive is mounted. The heads are mounted to a rotary actuator assembly and are controllably positioned adjacent the tracks through the application of current to an actuator motor (such as a voice coil motor, VCM).
The disc drive printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) is typically mounted to an exterior surface of the HDA. The PCBA supports a top-level processor which controls disc drive operation, read/write channel circuitry used to transfer data between the host computer and the discs, and servo control circuitry which operates as a closed loop control system to control the position of the heads. The servo control circuitry detects head position from servo data stored in servo fields on the discs. The servo data are typically written to the discs during a servo track writing operation that takes place during HDA manufacturing.
In disc drives of the present generation, it is typical to use an embedded servo scheme whereby both servo data and user data are stored on each of the tracks. The servo data are typically arranged as a series of radially extending servo wedges, like spokes on a wheel. Each servo wedge comprises adjacent servo fields that are radially and angularly aligned, with one series of servo fields provided to each particular track. During a disc drive formatting operation, data fields (xe2x80x9cdata sectorsxe2x80x9d) are formed on the tracks in the areas between adjacent servo fields, with each data field configured to store a fixed-size block of data, such as 512 bytes.
The data fields are primarily provided to store user data from the user of the host device, and most of the tracks on the disc surfaces are provided for this purpose. However, it has been found advantageous to provide a small number of non-user accessible tracks at the edges of the discs (sometimes referred to as xe2x80x9chiddenxe2x80x9d or xe2x80x9cguard bandxe2x80x9d tracks). The data fields on these tracks are a convenient location to store control data to parametrically configure the disc drive electronic systems (e.g., the read/write channel and servo circuit). During an initialization routine during which the disc drive is powered up, the heads can be caused to access and load the control data into a volatile memory device (such as dynamic random access memory, DRAM) on the PCBA. Thereafter, as various heads are moved to different locations on the disc surfaces during normal drive operation, the appropriate parameters for the particular head/disc location can be loaded and used by the disc drive electronics to optimize drive performance.
In high-volume manufacturing environments in which hundreds, if not thousands of nominally identical disc drives are produced daily, it has been found advantageous to assign each HDA a unique product identification code. Such code can comprise a unique serial number and/or a configuration code indicative of a particular mechanical configuration or revision level of the HDA. Such product identification codes are often expressed as a multi-character alphanumeric code, and stored in bar-code format on an external label applied to an exterior surface of the HDA housing. In this way, optical scanners (bar code readers) can be used throughout the manufacturing process to register movement of the HDA to various manufacturing assembly and test stations. This promotes the efficient tracking of the HDA and helps ensure that appropriate operations are performed based on the particular configuration of the HDA.
It is desirable to store the product identification code within the HDA itself to allow subsequent access of the code during subsequent manufacturing and field use. One approach to storing the product information code within the HDA involves writing the code to a data sectors on a selected track, such as a non-user accessible guard band track. The product information code can then be accessed by instructing the disc drive to access the associated data sector and output the code to the host using the read/write channel circuitry. This approach is discussed, for example, by U.S. Pat. No. 6,154,790 issued Nov. 28, 2000 to Pruett, et al.
Another approach to storing the product information code within the confines of the HDA is to provide the HDA with a separate, dedicated non-volatile memory device (such as an electrically erasable, electrically programmable read only memory, EEPROM) which can be used to store and retain the product information code. A programmable processor on the disc drive PCBA can then read the dedicated non-volatile memory device in the HDA and transfer the code to the host device. This approach is discussed, for example, by U.S. Pat. No. 6,057,981 issued May 2, 2000 to Fish et al.
While operable, there are nevertheless limitations associated with these and other prior art approaches to storing a product information code within an HDA. As to the approach disclosed by Pruett et al., writing the product information code to a data sector on a hidden track generally requires the presence of the read/write channel circuitry to initially format the track to add the necessary data sectors in the area between adjacent servo fields, and then to write (and read verify) the product information code therein. However, since servo track writing is typically performed before attachment of the PCBA to the HDA, steps must be taken to connect an additional board to the HDA to provide the read/write channel electronics necessary to carry out this operation. This adds cost and delays to the manufacturing process. Moreover, such approach increases overhead in that it requires use of one or more data sectors that necessarily become unavailable for use to store user data or other control data for the drive.
Including a dedicated EEPROM within the HDA, as disclosed by Fish et al., provides advantages in that the product information code can be accessed quickly and easily without the need to first spin-up and access the discs. However, the addition of an EEPROM to the HDA undesirably adds cost to the disc drive and complexity to the programming code used by the drive.
Thus, there is a continual need for improvements in the art whereby product information relating to an HDA can be stored in and retrieved from the HDA in a fast and cost efficient manner. It is to such improvements that the present invention is directed.
The present invention is directed to an apparatus and method for writing a product information code (PIC) to a head-disc assembly (HDA) of a disc drive data handling system.
In accordance with preferred embodiments, the HDA comprises a housing which encloses a rotatable disc and a read/write head. The PIC is written to the HDA by initially configuring the code as a sequence of n multi-bit encoded words. Servo data are written to the disc as a number p of angularly spaced apart servo data fields. The servo data fields are subsequently transduced by the read/write head to provide the servo data to a servo control circuit of the disc drive to effect head positional control.
During the writing of the servo data to the disc, the n encoded words are distributed across the p servo data fields by selecting a subset of n servo data fields from the p data fields and writing each one of the n encoded words to a different one of the n servo data fields. In this way, the n encoded words replace at least a portion of the servo data in the n servo data fields.
Preferably, each of the p servo data fields comprises a Gray code field configured to store track address information for a track defined by said servo data field. The n encoded words are respectively written to the Gray code fields of the n servo data fields so that the n encoded words are provided in lieu of the track address information on the selected track.
In another related aspect, the PIC is preferably initially defined as a sequence of m typographical characters, such as alphanumeric characters 0-9, space (xe2x80x9c xe2x80x9d), and A-Z, expressed in accordance with the American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) code convention. The encoded words comprise the 7-bit ASCII code bits as well as additional parity bits formed from selected combinations of the ASCII code bits. In yet another aspect, the n encoded words include additional error correction words configured to detect and correct up to a selected number of errors during subsequent access of the n encoded words. In this way, the encoding of the initial PIC provides the resulting encoded words with error detection and correction capabilities.
The n encoded words are preferably written to non-adjacent servo data fields to enable the servo control circuit to better perform head positional control operations. To subsequently access the PIC, the head is moved to a position adjacent a selected track to which the n encoded words are stored, accumulating and decoding the encoded words, and then outputting the initial PIC to a host device.
These and various other features as well as advantages which characterize the present invention will be apparent from a reading of the following detailed description and a review of the associated drawings.

Head-disc assembly with embedded product identification code


Provided is a method for improving thermal stability of polypropylene carbonate and, more particularly, a method of end capping a molecular chain of polypropylene carbonate using a urethane group by adding isocyanates or diisocyanates to a polypropylene carbonate resin, which may optionally be a mixture containing tertiary polyol, so as to delay thermal degradation of the polypropylene carbonate at a high temperature, thereby securing desired thermal stability. Especially, the method capable of being easily applied to reactive extrusion after preparing the polypropylene carbonate has been proposed, thus simplifying production processes and ensuring economical advantages. Moreover, the above method does not deteriorate transparency and specific smoke density characteristics at combustion, which are advantages of the polypropylene carbonate.

It has been known for a while that polypropylene carbonate produced in a manufacturing process using carbon dioxide as a raw material is considered important in terms of an eco-friendly resin. Contrary to a process using existing phosgene or dimethyl carbonate, the recent process uses carbon dioxide as a raw material, in turn highly contributing to a reduction in greenhouse gas, which causes global warming. Compared to other polycarbonates, polypropylene carbonate has propylene carbonate as a repeating unit of a molecule and such a repeating unit exhibits competitive tendencies of either generating a cyclic propylene carbonate mono-molecule, which is thermodynamically stable or growing into a polymer. Depending upon a catalyst, the repeating unit may become a cyclic propylene carbonate mono-molecule or, otherwise, grow into a polypropylene carbonate polymer. In the case where the polypropylene carbonate polymer is exposed to heat and receives active energy for thermal degradation, the polymer may begin to be degraded by thermodynamic equilibrium. A mechanism for thermal degradation of polypropylene carbonate may be generally classified into two types: scissoring, wherein any part in the middle of a molecular ring is broken, and back-biting, wherein a cyclic propylene carbonate is separated in a series from the end of molecule. According to studies in the related arts, it was reported that reacting a hydroxyl group at the end of polypropylene carbonate with an organic acid such as acetic acid anhydride or phthalic acid anhydride and sealing the same using an ester group may increase thermal stability. However, the above method must adopt esterification under a catalyst, after preparing the solution by dissolving polypropylene carbonate in a solvent. Therefore, in order to apply the foregoing method to commercial manufacturing, an additional reaction process and a drying process to remove a solvent are necessary, thus causing difficulties in ensuring desired low cost production.

Method for improving thermal stability of polypropylene carbonate


One scanning method of transform-based digital data processing includes: when processing data blocks, recording characteristics information for different block categories individually; conditionally adjusting scan orders of data processing of the block categories according to the characteristics information; and performing the data processing upon a current data block according to a scan order corresponding to a block category to which the current data block belongs. Another scanning method of transform-based digital data processing includes: recording characteristics information when processing data blocks; conditionally adjusting a scan order according to the characteristics information; keeping at least one position in the scan order fixed regardless of changes made to the scan order; and performing a data processing upon a current data block according to the scan order.

The present invention relates to processing digital data such as video data or image data, and more particularly, to scanning methods of transform-based digital data processing that refer to characteristics information to conditionally adjust the scan order used for encoding/decoding data blocks and related apparatus thereof.
Transform-based digital data processing is generally employed in an encoder to compress/encode video data/image data to be transmitted, and also employed in a decoder to decompress/decode the compressed/encoded data generated from the encoder. Taking MPEG-4 or H.264 standard for example, a discrete cosine transform (DCT) is involved in encoding data to be transmitted, and an inverse discrete cosine transform (IDCT) is involved in decoding encoded data. FIG. 1 is a simplified block diagram illustrating an encoder according to the related art. The conventional encoder 100 includes a DCT coder 102, a quantizer 104, a scan unit 106, and an entropy encoder 108. The DCT coder 102 receives digital data (e.g., video data or image data), and then transforms the digital data in a spatial domain into transform coefficients in a frequency domain. The quantizer 104 then quantizes the transform coefficients (i.e., DCT coefficients) to generate quantized transform coefficients. In general, the encoder 100 processes the digital data block by block. Therefore, the scan unit 106 is implemented to use a predetermined scan order to convert the two-dimensional data obtained through the preceding circuit into one-dimensional data passed to the following circuit for further processing, such as entropy encoding and/or quantization in encoding process, or entropy decoding and/or inverse-quantization in decoding process. A well-known zigzag scan order is commonly used for scanning the quantized transform coefficients (i.e., quantized DCT coefficients) at different positions in each data block. Please refer to FIG. 2, which illustrates certain exemplary conventional zigzag scan orders for a frame coded block with a block size of 4×4, a frame coded block with a block size of 8×8, a field coded block with a block size of 4×4, and a field coded block with a blocksize of 8×8, respectively.
After receiving the scan output from the scan unit 106, the entropy encoder 108 generates a bitstream through a run-level encoding scheme and variable-length coding. The run-level encoding is to encode each non-zero coefficient as a (run, level) pair, where "run" represents the number of zeros between a previous non-zero coefficient and a current non-zero coefficient, and "level" represents the value of the current non-zero coefficient. For example, assuming that a data sequence includes following values: 0, 3, 0, 1, −1, −1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, the (run, level) pairs of the exemplary data sequence are (1,3), (1,1), (0,−1), (0,−1), and (1,1). Each of the derived (run, level) pairs is then encoded using a variable-length code.
FIG. 3 is a simplified block diagram illustrating a decoder according to the related art. The conventional decoder 200 includes an entropy decoder 202, an inverse scan unit 204, an inverse quantizer 206, and an IDCT decoder 208. The decoder 200 is to reverse the operations performed by the encoder 100. The entropy decoder 202 decodes the bitstream generated from the encoder 100 into (run, level) pairs for each data block, and then outputs a sequence consisting of zero values and non-zero values according to the (run, level) pairs. Next, the inverse scan unit 204 restores two-dimensional data blocks of quantized DCT coefficients according to the same zigzag scan order employed in the encoder 100. These two-dimensional data blocks are input to the inverse quantizer 206, and the an output of the inverse quantizer 206 is inverse transformed in the IDCT decoder 208 to generate reproduced digital data.
As mentioned above, the quantized coefficients at different positions in a data block are scanned according to the selected zigzag scan order. The result of the (run, level) pairs highly depends on the zigzag scan order used for scanning the quantized coefficients. Therefore, the coding performance is related to the employed scan order. The same zigzag scan order might not be efficient for coding all of the data blocks in the raw digital data. Using a fixed scan order would therefore result in poor coding performance.

Scanning methods of transform-based digital data processing that conditionally adjust scan order according to characteristics information and related apparatus thereof


A crematory lift has a frame with a vertically extending member with a carriage with tines mounted for vertical displacement. A support bed is pivotably mounted to the carriage tines and has a ball segment on its rearward end with rotatable balls permitting sideward positioning of a decedent thereon and a roller segment on the forward end which permits the forward displacement of the decedent. A hydraulic actuator extends between the carriage and the support bed rear where it is remote from the oven's heat and operates to raise and incline the support bed to discharge the decedent into the oven. The support bed has four forward strap mounts with U-shaped slots with strap support tabs which receive straps for lifting of a decedent positioned below the support bed.

The present invention relates to lift devices to present the body of a deceased person (called "the decedent") to a mortuary crematory oven.
When a decedent is to be cremated, the body, usually within a coffin, box, or other container, is introduced into a high temperature crematory oven, which may reach temperatures of over 1,800 degrees F. In one common current practice, the container is placed on a forklift and is aligned with the crematory oven opening and is supported on paperboard rollers within the oven. Once the oven is fired up, these paperboard rollers are consumed. The support bed is essentially inside the oven, and the lift truck is used to raise the container to the level of the crematory oven opening, which is never at floor level, but always elevated.
This approach to inserting the container into the crematory oven can be dangerous when the decedent exceeds 400 pounds. If the container comes off the disposable rollers or twists it can become jammed in the oven entrance. To correct the situation there is no simple answer, like a train coming off the tracks, special corrective equipment is needed. It becomes necessary to bring in heavy equipment like a tractor to try to engage the container, perhaps apply levers, and work to dislodge the container, all with an open oven, which, even if the flames are not being fed, could be very hot from previous use. In a worst-case scenario, the crematory facility itself can catch fire and be consumed. Such a conventional approach then, is not only inconvenient, but potentially hazardous, and in any event runs the risk of falling short of the level of decorum and respect which ought to be shown to the decedent to be cremated.
Other automated known crematory feed apparatus, involving fixed lift tables and drives can be very costly. What is needed is an arrangement for introducing a decedent to a crematory oven which is safe and effective to use, and yet which is simple to construct and operate.

Multi-access heat tolerant crematory lift


A tire pressure system for a vehicle includes an inflation/deflation system that includes a compressor and a valve in fluid communication with four tires. Each of the four tires have a tire pressure. At least one sensor is configured to receive at least one of vehicle location data, vehicle environmental data and other sensor information. A controller is in communication with the inflation/deflation system and the at least one sensor. The controller is configured to select at least one of the four tires to adjust the tire pressure of the selected at least one of the four tires. The controller is configured to control at least one of the valve and compressor to achieve at least one of desired fuel economy and desired road control of the selected at least one of the four tires.

This disclosure relates to an integrated tire inflation/deflation adjustment system, which provides improved fuel economy as well as enhanced vehicle control.
Driving a vehicle with low tire pressure negates many of the fuel economy efforts made by carmakers to reduce vehicle rolling resistance. Various approaches are being developed to provide consistent, desired rolling resistance from the tires. One example approach incorporates an air maintenance system, which periodically "tops off" the tire pressure to a desired pressure, providing consistently firm tires that reduce rolling resistance that helps improve fuel economy. Such systems may not be desirable in all driving conditions.

Integrated tire inflation/deflation adjustment system


A method for operating an engine with a fuel reformer is presented. In one embodiment a first fuel is reformed into a gaseous fuel comprising H, CO, and CH4. The engine is operated by injecting the gaseous fuel and a second fuel to a cylinder of the engine in response to an available amount of gaseous fuel, engine speed and engine load. Further, an engine actuator may be adjusted to vary cylinder charge dilution in response to the available amount of gaseous fuel.

Operating an engine with more than a single fuel allows an engine to operate in a way that may improve engine operation as compared to when only a single fuel type is available. For example, an engine operating with reformed fuel may be able to tolerate a higher level of cylinder dilution than an engine operating solely with gasoline. On the other hand, it may be desirable to operate the engine solely with gasoline when reformate is unavailable or in low supply. Thus, it may be desirable to adjust operation of an engine depending on an amount of available fuel. U.S. Patent Application 2008/0221778 describes a system wherein engine speed and load are set differently when a quantity of fuel stored in a second fuel tank is less than a predetermined value.
While it may make sense to adjust engine speed and load in response to an amount of fuel in a fuel tank, simply limiting engine speed and load may not leverage the remaining fuel in a way that improves engine operation with the remaining fuel. Further, although it may be desirable to limit engine speed and load, such limiting may provide little benefit if the engine is operating at high dilution levels.
The inventors herein have recognized the above-mentioned disadvantages and have developed a method for improving engine operation. One embodiment of the present description includes a method for operating an engine, comprising: reforming a first fuel into a gaseous fuel; operating said engine by injecting said gaseous fuel and a second fuel to a cylinder of said engine in response to an available amount of said gaseous fuel, engine speed, and engine load; and adjusting an engine actuator to vary cylinder charge dilution in response to said available amount of said gaseous fuel.
By adjusting cylinder charge dilution in response to an available amount of gaseous fuel it may be possible to extend engine operation at higher dilution levels. For example, it may be desirable to reduce the amount of gaseous fuel injected to engine cylinders and to reduce cylinder charge dilution from a first amount to a second amount at particular engine operating conditions to conserve gaseous fuel when the amount of gaseous stored in a storage tank is less than a predetermined amount. Reducing the amount of injected gaseous fuel may allow the engine to operate at higher dilution levels for a longer period of time. Further, cylinder charge dilution may be adjusted in response to the type of fuel stored in the gaseous fuel storage tank to take advantage of unique fuel attributes. For example, if the gaseous fuel is comprised of vaporized alcohol, the engine may be operated at a first dilution level. On the other hand, if the gaseous fuel is comprised of reformate, the engine may be operated at a second dilution level, the second dilution level greater than the first dilution level.
The present description may provide several advantages. Specifically, the approach may reduce engine emissions and improve fuel economy by better utilizing gaseous fuel. Further, the method may allow a smaller fuel reformer to provide reformate to the engine.
The above advantages and other advantages, and features of the present description will be readily apparent from the following Detailed Description when taken alone or in connection with the accompanying drawings.
It should be understood that the summary above is provided to introduce in simplified form a selection of concepts that are further described in the detailed description. It is not meant to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, the scope of which is defined uniquely by the claims that follow the detailed description. Furthermore, the claimed subject matter is not limited to implementations that solve any disadvantages noted above or in any part of this disclosure.

Method for operating a charge diluted engine


A process is provided for preparing a synthetic chabazite having a Si/Al ratio of 1.8 to 2.3 by mixing an alumina source, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, a TMA reagent at a ratio of (TMA).sub.2 O:Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 of 0.08 to 0.0001, and a silica source to form a gel, crystallizing the gel by heating at a temperature of from about 25.degree. to 150.degree. C. for at least one hour, and separating the resulting chabazite product.

Recent requirements of the electronics industry for purer gases have increased interest in the use of zeolitic adsorbents for removing trace nitrogen from argon. Polyvalent chabazites have been disclosed as useful adsorbents for removing trace nitrogen from argon, for purifying methane, and for quantitatively separating oxygen from argon in chromatographic applications. The intrinsic properties of calcium-exchanged chabazites, realized only after proper dehydration, expand the range of contaminant gases which can be removed economically from bulk gases using standard adsorption techniques.
However, the availability of high-grade chabazite is extremely limited. Pure chabazite exists only rarely in nature and is too expensive to be used as a commercial adsorbent for large scale processes. In the invention herein, chabazite is meant to include a large number of synthetic zeolites having the chabazite topology and included under the general IUPAC structure code of chabazite (CHA). Synthetic analogues of chabazite are known. Examples include zeolites D, R, G, and ZK-14 (Breck, Zeolite Molecular Sieves, John Wiley and Sons, New York, N. Y., p 110 (1974) and Cartleidge, et al., Zeolites, 4, 226 (1984)). These phases could have minor variations in their crystal structure. Known methods for preparing synthetic chabazites having the preferred composition are not useful commercially since they suffer from low yields, poor product purity, long cystallization times, and difficult, if not impossible, scale-up. Before chabazite-based adsorbents can be exploited commercially, a synthetic method for preparing a pure chabazite by an economically attractive process is needed.
Some workers in the field have proposed methods for preparing synthetic chabazites. For example, Barrer, et al. describe the preparation of Zeolite G (J. Chem. Soc., 2882-2891 (1956) and J. S. C. Dalton, 1254-1259 (1972). The potassium form of these zeolites can be prepared from a variety of silica alumina sources which produce a number of phases of different composition (SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 1.0 to 4.5). However, such preparations only worked in very dilute gels and required up to several weeks to crystallize.
Zeolite R, a synthetic chabazite-like phase first prepared by Milton (British Patent No. 841,812 (1960)), only forms in the limited composition range of SiO2/Al203=3.44 to 3.66. However, we have found that synthesis of zeolite R using methods taught by Milton is a kinetically controlled process which does not lend itself to scale-up. Because temperature, crystallization time, agitation, reagent source, and scale are important and even interdependent, it has not been possible to identify conditions under which such a method could be used to produce commercial quantities of pure synthetic chabazite reproducibly. Other methods of synthesis suffer similar problems on scale-up. For example, the method reported by Tsitsishvili, et al. (Soobshcheniya akademii nauk Gurzinoskoi SSR, 97, No 3, 621-624 (1980) produces chabazite contaminated with erionite and/or zeolite EAB when practiced on a large scale.
Another method for preparing synthetic chabazite designated ZK-14 is described by Cartleidge, et al. in Zeolites, 4, 218 (1984). This method is carried out in very dilute gels using high levels of tetramethylammonium hydroxide as a template, and produces low yields of zeolite per unit volume of reactor at high reagent cost.
While the tetramethylammonium cation (TMA) as discussed by Lok, et al. in The Role of Organic Molecules in Molecular Sieve Synthesis, Zeolites, 3, 282-291 (1983) is known to have structure-directing and gel chemistry-altering effects, it is nevertheless known to be poisonous as well as too costly for most commercial applications (See the discussion by Narita, Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev., 24, 507-512 (1985)). It is, therefore, desirable to reduce the amount of TMA required to form chabazite.
There is no known method for producing commercially significant quantities of chabazite. Accordingly, a method for the rapid preparation of a nitrogen-adsorbing synthetic chabazite of the desired structure on a large scale in high yield from readily available starting materials is needed.

Process for the preparation of an improved chabazite for the purification of bulk gases


This invention relates to a zero alcohol offset printing system, comprises the following parts: Plate cylinder (3), its outer cylindrical surface is covered by printing plate (4); Ink exertion system (1), which comprises ink source (8) and several inking rollers, to exert ink to the printing plate; Dampening liquid exertion system (2), which comprises dampening liquid source (7) and several dampening rollers, to exert dampening liquid to the printing plate; wherein the dampening rollers include a distributor roller (6); wherein the structure of the distributor roller (6) is as follows: it comprises a metal cylinder surrounded by a ceramic layer, and the ceramic layer has texture on its outer surface; wherein the content of alcohol or ether in the dampening liquid is zero.

Traditional offset printing use the theory that dampening liquid cannot mix with ink, nature of the patterned area on the printing plate is hydrophobic and has affinity to ink, so as to print ink onto this area. The non-patterned area on the printing plate is coated with a thin dampening liquid film, which is hydrophilic and is repellent to ink. Thus, the non-patterned area not be covered by the dampening liquid will not be printed by ink, and there is no dampening liquid film on printed area. In order to let the dampening liquid film smoothly formed, the surface tension of water need to be reduced. Therefore in the nowadays offset printing technique, ethanol, Isopropyl Alcohol (IPA), ether or other substituting agent has to be added to the dampening liquid to reduce the water surface tension.
However, there are many disadvantages of ethanol, IPA, ether or other substituting agent: 1. IPA is a harmful material with high volatility, no matter it is emitted to the air or to the nature, it will have pollution to environment, especially in a relatively close printing workshop, the volatilized IPA vapor will be seriously harmful to human's health; 2. Ethanol & IPA are flammable, their flash point is so low that they can easily burn or explode, so they are extremely unsafe; 3. Increase printing operational cost; 4. Causing many printing problems, since ethanol, IPA, ether or other substituting agent can dissolve and dilute ink, the ink at the boundary between the ink surface and water surface will be easily erode and incur printing problems such as poor ink drying, ink nebulization, ink's pile up, ink easily pull out, ink fading, etc.
Over the years, people have tried to improve the formulation of ink or dampening liquid so as to solve the above-mentioned problems. For example, they have tried to change the formulation of ink to enhance its resistance to the dampening liquid erosion, or to change the formulation of the dampening liquid to reduce its erosion to ink, wherein the later is getting more interest of the people. With a growing concern and attention of humans on the environment, health, safety, people's research turn into the use of ethanol or isopropyl alcohol substituting agent to reduce or even eliminate the percentage of ethanol or isopropyl alcohol in the dampening liquid. In domestic and international, now people are adding substituting agents of ethanol (these substituting agents all belong to alcohols or ethers substances, such as propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol methyl ether, etc.) into the dampening liquid, so as to replace ethanol or isopropyl alcohol (IPA). But these substituting agents can not completely replace ethanol or isopropyl alcohol (IPA). Thus, some so-called "non-alcohol" dampening liquids containing these substituting agents cannot be totally free of alcohol, actually they generally have an alcohol content of at least 5 wt %.
Furthermore, these substituting agents are expensive, apart from the increase of printing cost, they still cannot solve the problems such as ink erosion, environment pollution, health harm, etc., For example, the substituting agent to alcohol and ether has more erosion to ink and incur to more problems than ethanol during the printing operation, such as poor ink drying, ink fading, ink nebulization, ink's pile up, ink easily pull out, and poor color control, etc.
Currently in the offset printing technology field, people are willing to invent or innovate an absolute zero alcohol offset printing system (i.e., the dampening liquid in this offset printing system is totally free of alcohol), so as to solve above long lasting problems.
The present invention uses a different approach to solve the above technical problems, and firstly proposes a zero alcohol offset printing system in the domestic and international level and successfully implements it.

YUNNAN JOY PRINTING TECHNOLOGY, CO., LTD.


Acoustic shock is reduced by attenuating an input signal based on tones detected through frequency domain analysis. The spectrum of the input signal is obtained. A relative energy signal includes a plurality of relative energy elements, each representing the relative energy in a corresponding frequency bin of the input signal spectrum. A difference signal includes a plurality of difference elements, each representing a difference between a corresponding frequency bin value and an adjacent frequency bin value. A plurality of detection signals are determined, each detecting the presence of a sound element in the input signal based on at least one of the relative energy signal and the difference signal. The detection signals are combined to produce an attenuation signal for attenuating the input signal.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to preventing acoustic shock in voice communication systems.
2. Background Art
Exposure to noise can cause various health problems including permanent hearing loss, temporary hearing loss, tinnitus, headaches, depression, increased sensitivity to loud noises, and the like. The risk of injury and the extent of any resulting injury are functions of the intensity of noise levels, the length of exposure, the type of noise, and the sensitivity level of the person exposed. Acoustic shock can occur due to a sudden or unexpected noise or due to prolonged exposure to noise. Various types of workers are susceptible to injury from acoustic shock, including telephone operators, telemarketers, technical support personnel, and the like, who spend a great many hours using a telephone. Other activities that expose a person to prolonged sound sources may also be susceptible.
A telephone near-end user can experience unpleasant sounds resulting in acoustic shock when an outgoing call inadvertently connects with a fax machine, modem, or similar device. Acoustic shock can also occur when a far-end user hits a telephone button, generating a DTMF signal. Other sources of acoustic shock can include noise coupled into a telecommunication system from natural or man-made sources, failure of telecommunications equipment, and the like.
Different standards exist for limiting acoustic pressure in headsets and handsets. The North American A-weighted curves are based on a 90 dBA eight hour time weighted average free field noise exposure limit. In other words, a user cannot be subjected to more than 90 dBA noise level during an eight hour period. The CERN standard permits an 85 dBA exposure limit over eight hours. Both standards are measured at the ear reference point (ERP). Both standards permit higher noise levels for shorter periods of time. In calculating exposure, acoustic pressure values may be corrected according to several factors including non-occupational exposure, whether the noise was received from a headset or a handset, signal bandwidth, and the like.
What is needed is to prevent acoustic shock, as much as possible, without excessively inhibiting desirable signal components such as speech, dial tones, ring tones, and the like. Acoustic shock should be prevented without the use of a computationally intensive algorithm, permitting inexpensive implementation within handsets, headsets, and other telecommunications equipment.


A multilevel speed regulation method for a jack and a multilevel speed regulation jack use a hydraulic speed regulation line which includes at least two parallel hydraulic sub-lines extending between the input and output cylinders and the pressure applied by the output cylinder against the load is taken as the control signal to control the opening and closure of the hydraulic sub-lines or their combination at different speed levels. Application of the method in this invention provides the jack with the capability to automatically transfer between different speed levels in the case of different loads, and thus the lifting efficiency is improved. Additionally, this invention also provides a multilevel speed regulation jack, in which a hydraulic speed regulation line of at least three speed levels is connected in series between the input and output cylinders. This hydraulic speed regulation line consists of at least two parallel hydraulic sub-lines. The jack in this invention is capable of transferring between different lifting speeds, and thus the lifting efficiency of the jack is enhanced.

A jack is one of the commonly used tools in our daily life. It is typically used to lift a load a preset lift distance with smaller forces than that required to lift it directly. Its input piston, which has a small surface area to move with a small force, pushes the hydraulic oil into the output cylinder, thus driving the output piston, which has a larger surface area to lift the load. In accordance with the Law of Conservation of Energy, the input piston travels a much larger distance than the output piston does. As a result, it is typically necessary to pump the input piston repeatedly. In this process, each pump cycle of the input piston results in the same lift distance of the load, being independent of the magnitude of the load. As a result, in the case of an idle, or no, load, light load, or heavy load, it is necessary to pump the input piston repeatedly. The load goes up very slowly even if the load is small. This wastes both time and effort.
To solve the above-identified problem, a hydraulic jack described in Chinese Pat. No. 99209440.2 adopts a double-jacket piston structurexe2x80x94a smaller piston is located within a larger one of the input cylinder. There are two pressurized surfaces in the input cylinder. In the case of an idle load, the jack uses its larger piston to pump oil to increase the quantity of hydraulic oil pumped into the output cylinder, thus making the lift distance for each pumping cycle larger and thus increasing the overall lifting speed. In the case of a heavy load, the jack then uses its smaller piston, which is equivalent to a piston of a conventional jack. This configuration can therefore yield a saving of effort relative to a conventional jack.
Although the double-jacket piston structure solves the problem of wasted time and effort in the case of an idle load, a problem can arise during the process of changing from a small to a large load, when it is used to lift a light load. Besides, if this kind of jack is used to lift a small weight, it still needs the same number of pumping cycles as when it is used to lift a heavy weight, and the problem of wasted time still remains. Moreover, since it adopts a structure with a smaller piston in a larger one, the manufacture process and structural strength are limited, thus the area ratio of the pressurized surface in the case of an idle load and a heavy load is relatively small. As a result, there is little improvement in lifting speed in the case of an idle load. Practical application indicates that this jack still needs many pumping cycles to reach the necessary height; its efficiency is thus not high.
There is another type of hydraulic jack, which opens a blind hole in the middle of the piston of its output cylinder. An oil pipe is inserted into the blind hole. In the case of an idle load, when the piston of the input cylinder is pressed, the hydraulic oil flows into the blind hole via this oil pipe to push the piston for a rapid lift against the end face of the blind hole. In the case of a heavy load, part of the hydraulic oil opens a sequential valve and flows into the output cylinder. The force applied against the ring type surface of the piston of the output cylinder by the oil which flows into the output cylinder together with that applied against the end face of the blind hole by the oil which flows into the blind hole, jointly lift the load at a slow speed. Since the blind hole has a small area to receive force, the lift speed of the jack is very fast in the case of an idle load. Generally, the piston of the output cylinder can reach the height with only one or two pump cycles or strokes. On the other hand, in the case of a heavy load, since the whole end face of the piston of the output cylinder is taken as the area to receive force, the purpose of saving effort is also achieved.
However, it is found from practical application of this type of hydraulic jack that it cannot meet the requirements as expected above. The reason is that when the hydraulic oil is pressed into the output cylinder via the oil pipe, the piston of the output cylinder goes up rapidly; the pressure in the ring type cavity of the output cylinder goes down swiftly to suck hydraulic oil from the oil tank. However, since the piston moves relatively fast and the area of the ring type cavity changes very much, the sucked hydraulic oil cannot fully fill up the ring type cavity, resulting in a phenomenon of inefficient oil suction. Since there exists some air in the ring type cavity of the output cylinder, when the output cylinder starts to lift load, the load applies forces to the piston and makes the piston fall back a certain distance, thus reducing the speed of lift of the load. Moreover, after repeated pump cycles, the air held in the ring type cavity of the output cylinder flows into the input cylinder via the oil path, bringing about the same phenomenon of inefficient oil suction for the input cylinder; this reduces the lift distance for each pump cycle, and moreover the lifting efficiency. Additionally, this type of jack has also another disadvantage. Since the lifting force comes from the joint effort of the hydraulic oil flowing into the blind hole via the oil pipe and that flowing into the ring type cavity of the output cylinder via the one-way valve, the area of the blind hole and that of the ring type cavity changes at each pump press, it is necessary to ensure a balance between the pressures from the hydraulic oil flowing into the ring type cavity and that flowing into the blind hole to achieve a steady movement of the output piston. Unfortunately, it is very difficult to accomplish such a result in practical batch production process. As a result, when the controlled hydraulic oil enters the ring type cavity and is locked there, cracks of the thin-wall oil pipe can occur often owing to a large pressure in the blind hole. This results in low rate of finished products for this type of jack and thus increases its production cost.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a multilevel speed regulation method for a jack, which enables the jack to transfer between different lift speed levels in the case of different loads and avoid the phenomenon of time waste in the case of an idle load and a light load, so that the objectives of saving both time and effort and increasing lifting efficiency are achieved.
It is also an object of the present invention to provide a multilevel speed regulation jack, which can transfer between different lift speeds in the case of different loads, so that the lifting efficiency of the jack is enhanced.
The purposes of the present invention are achieved by using the following technical arrangement. In the multilevel speed regulation method and system for a jack, a hydraulic speed regulation line is arranged between the input and output cylinders, which includes at least two parallel hydraulic sub-lines to form a hydraulic speed regulation line with at least three speed levels. It takes the pressure applied by the output cylinder against the load as its control signal to control the opening and closure of the hydraulic sub-lines and their combination at different speed levels in the hydraulic speed regulation line.
The hydraulic speed regulation line comprises, in one implementation, three or more than three parallel hydraulic sub-lines, and, with one hydraulic sub-line added, two speed levels are added accordingly. A control valve is set in the hydraulic sub-lines to control the opening and closure through the control signal taken from the load pressure. The opening pressure of the hydraulic sub-lines is set in sequence and opens with the increase of the load.
In general, according to another aspect, the invention features a multilevel speed regulation jack, which includes at least one input cylinder and one output cylinder, and one oil path interconnecting the input cylinder and output cylinder, wherein there is a hydraulic speed regulation line connected in series between the input and output cylinders that provides at least three speed levels. This hydraulic speed regulation line comprises at least two parallel hydraulic sub-lines and takes the load pressure of the output cylinder as its control signal to control the opening and closure of the hydraulic sub-lines or their combination at different speed levels.
In one embodiment, the hydraulic speed regulation line comprises three or more parallel hydraulic sub-lines. Control valves are set in the hydraulic sub-lines to control the opening and closure through the control signal taken from the load pressure. The opening pressure of the hydraulic sub-lines is set in sequence and opens with increases of the load. The control valve set in the hydraulic sub-lines can be either a one-way valve or a sequential valve.
The operating process and principle of the present invention is: in case of an idle load or a very light load, when the piston of the input cylinder is pressed, the hydraulic oil is pumped to the input cavity of the speed regulation cylinder in the hydraulic sub-lines at a high speed level to push its piston to press the hydraulic oil in the output cylinder, and with the opening of the control valve, the hydraulic oil flows into the output cylinder and then pushes the piston of the output cylinder to lift the load rapidly at the first speed V1. When the piston in this input cylinder is raised, the piston in the speed regulation cylinder returns to its original position under the forces from the flexible restoring mechanism, and meanwhile, the output cavity connected to the oil storage cylinder sucks oil and fills up the output cylinder. When the piston in the input cylinder is pressed once again, then the above process repeats. In this process, since the end face of the piston in the input cavity of the speed regulation cylinder is smaller than that of the piston in the output cylinder, the lift distance to lift the load each time is increased and also the lifting speed enhanced. With the increase in load against the output cylinder, and when the pressure of the input oil becomes larger enough to open the control valve in the next hydraulic sub-line, this control valve opens. Part of the hydraulic oil now pushes the piston of the speed regulation cylinder at the next speed level, and delivers the hydraulic oil in the output cavity of the speed regulation cylinder at the next level to the output cylinder, and thus pushing the piston to lift load at the second speed V2. Since the difference between the areas of the input cavity and output cavity of the speed regulation cylinder at the next level is less than that of the high-speed hydraulic sub-line, then the lift speed V1 is less than V2. As a result, in accordance with the Law of Conservation of Energy, the capacity to lift load increases for the same input pressure. With the increase of load, the back pressure thus produced closes the control valve in the high-speed hydraulic sub-line, and the hydraulic oil pumped by the input cylinder is fully applied to the speed regulation cylinder at the next level to drive the piston to deliver the hydraulic oil in the output cavity to the output cylinder, thus the piston in the output cylinder lifts load at the third speed V3. As above, the third speed V3 is less than the second speed V2. However, the lifting capacity in this case increases further, being capable to lift the load in this stage. As the load increases, the control valve in the low-speed hydraulic sub-line opens. Now part of the hydraulic oil is pumped directly to the output cylinder via this hydraulic sub-line and forces the piston of the output cylinder to lift the load at the forth speed V4. Still as above, the forth speed V4 is less than the third speed V3. However, the lifting capacity in this case increases still further, being capable enough to lift the heavier load in this stage. As the load increases still further, the sequential valve of the hydraulic sub-line at the next level closes under the force from the back pressure, the hydraulic oil pumped by the input cylinder is fully delivered to the output cylinder via the low-speed hydraulic sub-line and forces the piston of the output cylinder to lift load at the fifth speed V5. Still as above, the fifth speed V5 is less than the forth speed V4. However, the lifting capacity in this case reaches its maximum value. In such a case, since the hydraulic oil delivered into the output cylinder is directly pumped from the input cylinder, its operational principle is the same as that of a conventional jack.
In the above operating process of this invention, the transfer between various lifting speeds is automatically done with the change of the load. With the same effort each time, a load is lifted that increases continuously by regulating the speed without a need for any additional operations. This invention enhances the lifting efficiency and features simple and fast operation, achieving the purposes of saving both time and effort. Besides, in the speed regulation process, except that the input cylinder absorbs oil as does a conventional jack when the low-speed hydraulic sub-line between the input cylinder and output cylinder of the last hydraulic sub-line opens, there is no oil added in the input cylinder at all other speed levels. It only takes the hydraulic oil as a medium of pressure transfer to transfer the pressure applied against the piston of the input cylinder. As a result, it does not involve the problem of inadequate absorption of oil in the input cylinder as occurs with the present technology. Furthermore, the absorption process of oil after the input cylinder directly pumps hydraulic oil into the output cylinder via the low-speed hydraulic sub-line does not exist; it can do as well as a conventional jack does. All of the above works to avoid the phenomenon of filling back during lifting and thus ensures the efficiency of the load lifting process.
According to one embodiment, an overload protection device is provided for this invention. When the load that the output cylinder is lifting exceeds the pressure that the jack can bear, the high-pressure oil in the input cylinder will open the overflow valve for pressure relief. The hydraulic oil flows back into the oil tank via the overflow valve, and therefore prevents damage to the jack.
In the jack in this invention, several more hydraulic speed regulation sub-lines can be connected in parallel to the hydraulic sub-lines connected to the input cylinder. With one hydraulic sub-line added, two speed levels are added accordingly, which makes the jack""s speed adjustable at multi-levels during its operation. In terms of its design, different specifications of the jack can be worked out according the magnitude of the load so that in application, different jacks of different specifications can be selected, depending on the specific requirements. When it is used to lift relatively smaller loads, a jack with relatively fewer speed levels can be selected. On the other hand, when it is used to lift a relatively larger load, a jack with relatively more speed levels can be selected. Since the jack from the present invention demonstrates different lifting capacities when it is working at different speed levels, it is, in fact, equivalent to a conventional jack with the corresponding lifting capacity. The effect when it is working at different speed levels in parallel, it is equivalent to several jacks of different specifications working at different load ranges with the increase of the load when it is used to lift load. As a result, the present invention incorporates functions of several conventional jacks of different specifications into one jack, and automatically regulates its speed in correspondence with the load changes. It is simple and convenient in lifting operations with enhanced lifting efficiency and equipment utilization rate.
The above and other features of the invention including various novel details of construction and combinations of parts, and other advantages, will now be more particularly described with reference to the accompanying drawings and pointed out in the claims. It will be understood that the particular method and device embodying the invention are shown by way of illustration and not as a limitation of the invention. The principles and features of this invention may be employed in various and numerous embodiments without departing from the scope of the invention.

Multilevel speed regulation jack and method of operation

No. 15, Qiaolian Lane, Nongfengliqun Road


The invention describes a method of manufacturing a color cathode-ray tube having a color selection electrode attached to a plurality of support studs distributed about and affixed to an interior surface portion of a faceplate panel. The manufacturing steps include: attaching a plurality of support means, each of which includes stud-engaging means, and at least one of the stud-engaging means comprising a washer having a stud-receiving aperture therethrough, to the color selection electrode; positioning the color selection electrode within the faceplate panel with the stud-engaging means positioned on the support studs; and, then, welding the washer to the support means. The method is improved over the prior method, which utilized a mechanical shield for preventing weld-generated debris from contacting the faceplate panel and/or the color selection electrode, by directing a stream of air, during the welding step, between the faceplate panel and the color selection electrode toward the stud having the washer thereon sufficient to direct the weld-generated debris away from the faceplate panel.

U.S. Pat. No. 3,334,259 issued to T. M. Shrader on Aug. 1, 1967 discloses a color selection electrode, or shadow mask, having a plurality of strap-like support springs, usually four, attached to a frame which supports the mask. The mask-frame assembly is positioned within a faceplate panel and is spaced therefrom using a suitable spacer device. The support springs are depressed toward the mask frame and flat washers are inserted over support studs embedded into the interior wall of the faceplate. The washers are located between the support springs and the studs and at this point in the manufacturing process the washers are free to move, relative to the support springs, to facilitate obtaining the precisely desired distance, called the Q-spacing, between the mask and the faceplate and a precise alignment of the stud-receiving apertures of the washers with the support studs. The washers are then attached to the support springs using temporary tack welds. Then, with the completely assembled mask assembly removed from the panel, a more secure weld using larger equipment is provided. The reason for making the initial tack weld is that larger welding equipment cannot easily be fitted into the space between the mask frame and the faceplate panel sidewall when the mask assembly is disposed within the panel. A drawback of the patented structure is that the tack weld tends to be relatively weak and often breaks when the mask assembly is removed from the panel. Additionally, the insertion and removal process for final welding is inefficient and adds to the assembly cost of the tube.
In order to improve manufacturing efficiency, it is now usual for the studs to be affixed at a controlled height above the surface of the panel to obtain the desired Q-spacing. Four studs are usually provided, one near the midpoint of the upper long side of the sidewall, one near the midpoint of each of the short sides of the sidewall, and one displaced slightly from the midpoint of the lower long side so that the mask cannot be inserted incorrectly. The support springs attached to the upper long side and the short sides of the mask now include stud-engaging apertures in their distal end; however, the support spring that engages the stud located on the lower long side of the panel continues to use a washer disposed between the distal end of the spring and the stud to provide a manufacturing tolerance to compensate for manufacturing variations or tolerances in stud placement and spring location.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,467,242 issued to L. P. Wilbur, Jr., et al. on Aug. 21, 1984 discloses an off-set washer which provides additional compression of the support spring to which the washer is attached. The height of the off-set can be adjusted to provide sufficient space between the mask frame and the faceplate panel sidewall to permit the washer to be permanently welded to the distal end of the support spring.
It is known that electrical resistance welding frequently produces weld splash, or weld-generated debris, consisting of metal particles of the joined parts. This weld splash is initially molten and thus usually adheres to the surface on which it lands. To minimize weld-splash, which can become dislodged to create particles within the tube, it is known to shield the adjacent sidewall of the faceplate with a mechanical device, such as a plastic strip, which functions as a protective shield. Such a shield, however, infringes on the available welding space and must be accurately located if it is to function properly. An improperly located shield, in addition to being ineffective in preventing weld splash from impinging on the sidewall of the faceplate panel, can also interfere with the welding electrode, causing improper washer-to-support spring welds.

Method of manufacturing a color cathode-ray tube