A foreign object damage protecting electrical connector backshell adaptor including a nipple having a forward end, a rearward end, a hollow bore, and a wall surrounding the hollow bore; an adaptor mounting coupling nut fixedly attached to the nipple's forward end; a retention flange, the retention flange being fixedly attached to or formed wholly with the nipple's rearward end, the retention flange having a seam dividing the retention flange at least into a movable clamp jaw segment and an opposing clamp jaw segment; clamp actuating screws connected operatively to the retention flange for drawing the movable clamp jaw segment from a cable receiving position to a cable clamping position; a tubular sheath and receptacle extending rearwardly from and annularly about the retention flange; and an annular clamping band engaging the tubular sheath forwardly from the retention flange.

A commonly configured electrical connector backshell adaptor assembly comprises a metal tubular nipple having a hollow bore, such nipple commonly having a rotatable coupling nut or other common fastener mounted at its forward end. In use of such backshell adaptors, such forward end mounting means are utilized for securely attaching the adaptor to an electrical junction box or to an item of electronic equipment which is served by a cable bundle which extends through the nipple's bore.
The rearward end of such electrical connector backshell adaptor is known to present a pair of annular ridges which form an annular channel for receiving annular clamping means. Upon extension of the cable bundle through the bore of such adaptor, an electromagnetic flux (EMF) shielding cable sheath may be extended over the cable bundle and over the outer periphery of the adaptor's rearward extension. Thereafter, annular clamping means such as a constant force spring, a "Band-It" band, or a "Magna-form" ring may be utilized to attach the forward end of such cable sheath to the nipple. The extreme rearward end of such adaptor nipples commonly present an annular and radially outwardly extending flange, and such annular clamping means are commonly placed upon the nipple at a forward position in relation to such flange. Upon such annular clamping means positioning, the annular clamp and the flange work mechanically together for secure attachment of the sheath.
A problem associated with such common backshell adaptor assemblies is that such assemblies' cable bundle protecting sheaths are commonly capable of elastically longitudinally stretching a distance greater than the stretching tolerance of the contained cable bundles. As a result of such differential in stretching tolerances, a strong pulling force applied simultaneously to a sheath and to the cable bundle contained within the sheath, may cause the cables within the sheath to break or become disconnected while leaving the outer sheath intact. Such pull force damage events are highly undesirable since they may render electronic equipment served by the cable assembly inoperable.
In order to attempt to solve or ameliorate such pull force damage events, electrical connector backshell adaptors are known to be outfitted or specially equipped with a mechanical "O" clamp which receives and compressively engages both the sheath and a cable bundle contained by the sheath. Such "O" clamps are known to be positioned rearwardly from the adaptor by a pair of rearwardly extending support arms, the proximal ends of which are mounted upon the outer wall of the adaptor's nipple. In operation, such "O" clamp modifications transmit pulling forces applied to the bundle and sheath directly to the nipple, protecting the internally contained cable bundle from excessive strain.
A problem or defect associated with such known "O" clamp adaptations of backshell adaptors relates to the additional parts which are introduced into sensitive mechanical and electronic environments. Such "O" clamp assemblies commonly comprise numerous separate parts, such as a pair of extension arms, a pair of extension arm mounting screws, a pair of semi-circumferential clamping jaws, and a pair of clamp jaw actuating screws. Upon long use and exposure to vibrations, such added parts tend to loosen, resulting in undesirable shedding or dropping of metal parts. Shedding of loosened metal parts creates a risk of foreign object damage in the nature of electronic and/or mechanical interference with the functions of electronic equipment or machinery within which the backshell adaptor assembly is installed.
The instant inventive foreign object damage protecting electrical connector backshell adaptor solves or ameliorates the problems and defects set forth above, while preserving basic mechanical functions, as described above, by specially configuring the rearward retention flange portion of a backshell adaptor's nipple to dually function as an annular clamp and sheath retaining means and as a mechanical cable bundle compressing "O" clamp, such dual function adaptation allowing the assemblies' cable sheath to correspondingly dually function as a cable bundle protecting shield and as a foreign objects collecting receptacle.

Foreign object damage protecting electrical connector backshell adaptor


A museum augmented reality platform that interacts between computer devices and a server via a communication network. The augmented reality platform includes a multimedia recognition application located on the computer device, which receives live, real-time content and converts it into coordinates, and a client application located on the computer devices that transmit raw data packets including the coordinates. A server application provided on the server receives the data packets from the client application, recognizes content, and sends the content or other information to the computer devices in accordance with the source.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to augmented reality platforms, and more particularly, to augmented reality platforms incorporated in museum environments.
2. Description of the Related Art
Augmentation of reality has gone through trial and error over the last few decades, unable to locate a proper niche market regardless of the promising and profound technical boundaries it widens. Conventional solutions adopted for the recognition of multimedia content comprises use of images as multimedia sources and proprietary libraries for processing information. It implies that the speed of recognition depends on a user's computer. In addition, conventional solutions adopt a recognition that is obtained by comparing results with original source and the quality of results depends by first processing.
Other art describing the closest subject matter provide for a number of more or less complicated features that fail to solve the problem in an efficient and economical way. Applicant is not aware of any art that suggests the novel features of the present invention.


The present invention relates to a multilayer system comprising a base layer consisting of a thermoplastic, a primer layer, and a scratch resistant layer consisting of a scratch resistant top coat, the multilayer system being characterized in that the primer layer contains a certain UV absorber and a certain amount of acid, preferably acetic acid, is added to the scratch resistant top coat.

The present invention relates to a multilayer system comprising a base layer consisting of a thermoplastic, a primer layer, and a scratch resistant layer consisting of a scratch resistant top coat, the multilayer system being characterised in that the primer layer contains a certain UV absorber and a certain amount of acid, preferably acetic acid, is added to the scratch resistant top coat.
Owing to its good optical, mechanical and thermal properties and because of its relatively low weight, polycarbonate is suitable as an alternative material to glass and as a material for use in glazing applications. Its relatively low scratch resistance and weathering resistance are disadvantageous, however. These drawbacks are often compensated for by the application of coatings containing UV absorbers.
Biphenyl-substituted triazines (WO 2006/108520 A) are a very good class of UV absorbers according to the current prior art. This class of substances has an outstanding absorption in the UV range of 320 to 380 nm and also a very high inherent UV stability (WO 2000/066675 A1, U.S. Pat. No. 6,225,384). Owing to their very pronounced aromatic nature, most substances of this class known to date dissolve well only in non-polar and moderately polar media. The known commercially available triazines can be used in UV-curing coatings formulated on a purely organic basis. However, these kind of coatings are not adequate for applications requiring a relatively high degree of scratch resistance.
If the material is to be effectively protected against abrasion and scratches, sol-gel silicate coatings (see e.g. EP-A 0 339 257, U.S. Pat. No. 5,041,313) and other hybrid coatings (EP-A 0 570 165) are the current prior art. The properties of organosilane-based coatings include, in addition to excellent weathering and light stability, resistance to heat, alkalis, solvents and moisture. However, as non-polar additives are not soluble in these coating systems, commercially available moderately polar, mostly hydroxy-containing UV absorbers and/or inorganic UV absorbers, such as titanium dioxide, zinc oxide or cerium dioxide, are used as UV absorbers, although their action leaves room for improvement (EP-A 0 931 820). DE 10200901943.2 describes how the polarity of UV absorbers having a triazine structure can also be improved by modification with trialkoxysilane groups. The objective of this application is to provide triazine derivatives which dissolve in the polar scratch resistant top coat.
Alternatively or additionally, non-polar or moderately polar UV absorbers can also be dissolved in a primer layer which is applied underneath the scratch resistant layer. The primer layer contains organic binder materials which have good adhesion both to thermoplastic surfaces and to the scratch resistant top coat. Primer layers for adhesion improvement between thermoplastic base layers and siloxane-based scratch resistant top coat are known for example from U.S. Pat. No. 5,041,313 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,391,795 and from the patents cited therein and are used as adhesion promoter in the coating of polycarbonate. In addition to promoting, these primer layers can also contain a UV absorber as mentioned in U.S. Pat. No. 5,041,313 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,391,795, thereby contributing to the weathering resistance of the coated part.
A layer structure consisting of polycarbonate, primer and top coat is known from EP-A 6 727 32 in which the primer layer contains a UV stabiliser based on resorcinol derivatives.
It is also known from WO 2009/049904 A1 that primer layers containing triazine-based UV absorbers of formula (V):
in whichX═OR6, OCH2CH2OR6, OCH2CH(OH)CH2OR6 or OCH(R7)COOR8, in whichR6=branched or unbranched C1-C1 alkyl, C2-C20 alkenyl, C6-C12 aryl or —CO—C1-C18 alkyl,R7═H or branched or unbranched C1-C8 alkyl, andR8═C1-C12 alkyl, C2-C12 alkenyl or C5-C6 cycloalkyl,are particularly suitable and also have very good weathering resistance. The use of a combination of UV absorbers of the hydroxybenzophenone class, in particular resorcinol-based UV stabilisers with triazine-based UV stabilisers of formula (V), particularly in primer compositions for transparent thermoplastic substrates, such as in particular those consisting of polycarbonates, is also described as being particularly suitable.
The use of these triazines increases the UV absorption performance of the primer layer as compared with conventional primers in a comparable thickness. Alternatively, it is possible to lower the viscosity of the primer composition so that the thickness of the primer layer can be reduced. The minimum thickness of the UV-absorber-containing primer layer is determined by the desired UV protection, as the UV absorbers have a limited solubility in the primer composition.
If the concentration of the triazine UV absorber in the primer layer is too high, it precipitates out and the multilayer system becomes hazy.
To increase the adhesion of the scratch resistant top coat to the primer layer, it has proved advantageous to add acetic acid to it. Acetic acid in the scratch resistant-top coat leads to the formation of an interpenetration layer (IPL) between the primer and the scratch resistant top coat, which further improves the adhesion between the two layers. The scratch resistant top coat penetrates into the primer layer and a further mixed primer/scratch resistant interlayer is formed between the scratch resistant top coat layer and the primer layer. The formation of the IPL increases the long-term stability of the multilayer systems, as is demonstrated for example by reduced crazing in the scratch resistant top coat layer under weathering. The triazine compounds which were up to now used in the primer layer (see WO 2009/049904 A1) and which are suitable in particular for protecting polycarbonate, are insoluble in this IPL layer, however. Therefore when acetic acid is added to the scratch resistant top coat they concentrate in the remaining primer layer, whose thickness is reduced. As the acetic acid content in the scratch resistant top coat rises, the thickness of the IPL layer increases and hence the remaining primer layer becomes ever thinner, leading to haze caused by undissolved/precipitated UV absorber.
The objective was therefore to provide a multilayer system suitable for glazing applications which demonstrates both an effective and lasting UV protection combined with good weathering resistance and very good adhesion between the primer layer and the scratch resistant top coat arising from a thick interpenetration layer.

Scratch resistant top coats having good adhesion


A device to be used with an adjusting element comprising a rod piston (3) displaceable with the aid of a motor (4) in a piston tube (2). The motor (4) is rotatably arranged at the adjusting element (1) through a worm gear (6), either directly or through a motor attachment (5), wherein the motor (4) extends in an extension plane in parallel with the piston tube (2), said worm gear (6) having a throat formation (7) for axial fixation of the position of the motor (4) in the adjusting element (1) while a free rotation of the motor (4) is practicable through 360° in order to make possible, in applications with limited space, an eligble position fixation of the motor (4) in a predetermined angle in relation to the adjusting element (1).

The most common type of motor controlled adjusting elements on the market today mostly have the motor arranged in line with the longitudinal direction of the adjusting means. Alternatively, the longitudinal direction of the motor can be displaced in relation to that of the adjusting element, but still in parallel therewith. Other solutions have adjusting elements with a rotatable motor support and in these cases the motor has to be dismounted from the adjusting means in order to provide another angle between these units, for example depending on lack of space at the installation spot. Then an assembly plate has been used between the motor and the piston tube. In this case it has been necessary to unscrew the motor in order to rotate it e.g. through 120° in the existing partition between the screws. The assembly plate can also be reversible towards the piston tube in order to obtain e.g. six different angle positions between motor and adjusting element. According to known solutions, also the rear attachment of the adjusting element have fixed positions such as with splines against the gear housing or corresponding means. However, also in these cases the adjusting element has to be disassembled in order to allow a change of the installation angles of the adjusting means.


A method for applying air freshener within an automobile is disclosed. The method includes the steps of retrieving an air freshener card, locating a substantially hidden position within the automobile, and placing the air freshener card at the substantially hidden position. An air freshener card and method for making the same is also disclosed.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to methods for applying air freshener within an automobile. The invention further relates to air fresheners and a dispensing assembly useful in performing the present method.
2. Description of the Prior Art
It has been common practice for many years to apply air freshener, or fragrance, within automobiles at carwashes and detailing centers. The air freshener is generally applied to freshen the smell within the automobile interior and lasts for approximately 1-2 days.
Air freshener is currently applied to liquid form and is generally sprayed under the seat of an automobile. Unfortunately, many operators applying the liquid air freshener are not very careful and the liquid air freshener often ends up on various undesirable potions of the automobile. For example, the liquid air freshener sometimes ends up on the dashboard of the automobile, where the liquid air freshener interacts with the plastic material of the dashboard to destroy the dashboard. When this occurs, the damage to the dashboard is irreparable and the only alternative is to replace the entire affected dashboard. The liquid air freshener also is inadvertently sprayed upon other undesirable portions of automobile interiors, necessitating costly repair and/or replacement of the damaged components.
The cost of replacing and repairing automobile interiors damaged by improperly applied liquid air freshener is generally borne by the owner of the carwash or detailing center and/or the manufacturing company for the liquid air freshener. As such, a great incentive exists to obviate the problem.
Training of employees helps in limiting the occurrence of damage to automobile interiors. However, training provides only limited success.
In addition to damaging automobile interiors, the formulation commonly employed with liquid air fresheners disperses the fragrance in an undesirable manner. For example, one known formulation includes approximately 80% by weight water, 10% by weight alcohol, 5-6% by weight surfactant, and 4-5% fragrance oil. The alcohol carrier of the formulation quickly vaporizes after the initial application and creates a very strong, often overwhelming, initial fragrance which rapidly diminishes thereafter.
Some operators may choose to use hanging air freshener hung from the review mirror of an automobile. Many people, however, find these air freshener cards distracting and/or unsightly, and choose not to use them within an automobile. In addition, the cost of providing hanging air fresheners is prohibitive when compared with the cost of simply spraying liquid air freshener. Specifically, the wholesale cost of hanging air fresheners is currently approximately $.50, while a sprayed liquid air freshener application generally costs the carwash or detailing center less than $0.06.
The use of hanging air fresheners in this manner is also undesirable from a marketing point of view. The fragrance from sprayed liquid air fresheners generally last a day or two, while the fragrance from hanging air freshener generally lasts two to three weeks. If hanging air freshener where used as a replacement for sprayed liquid air freshener, countertop sales of hanging air fresheners would certainly decrease.
As such, a need exists for a convenient and reliable method for discretely applying air freshener to the interior of an automobile. The present invention provides such a method.

Air freshener card, method of use and method of manufacture


A method of increasing the fatigue strength of crankshafts for reciprocating engines, especially internal combustion engines, is provided. When converting naturally aspirating production engines to supercharging to increase the power, the fatigue strength of the crankshaft quickly reaches a limit. Since for reasons of economy it is desirable not to alter the geometry of the crackshaft and to avoid expensive fine burnishing to increase the quality of the surface, and hence the fatigue strength associated therewith, the transition radius from the crankshaft pin to the crank web is inductively surface hardened, and at the same time the finish quality of the surface is reduced. The increased costs for the hardening are balanced by the reduced surface machining that is required.

The present invention relates to a method of increasing the fatigue strength of crankshafts for reciprocating engines, especially internal combustion engines, and includes the step of subjecting the transition radii from a crankshaft pin to adjacent crank webs to a special treatment.
Increasing the power of internal combustion engines is achieved via supercharging, which results in an increase of the mechanical forces in the overall piston drive. At the same time, in order to reduce costs for various engine models, it is desirable to avoid retooling and recalculation of components to the greatest extent possible.
For this purpose, it is attempted to increase the fatigue strength of components by improving the quality of the surface. Pursuant to known strength of material principles, the fatigue strength of a component can be increased by fine burnishing and polishing of the surface, and hence a reduction of the peak-to-valley height, i.e. the micro scoring. However, fine burnishing and polishing of the surface is relatively cost intensive.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to increase the fatigue strength of crankshafts in the region of the transition from the crankshaft pin to the crank web without altering the geometry and without expensive machining or finishing of the surface.

Method of increasing the fatigue strength of crankshafts


In an embodiment, an administrative computer system receives user login credentials from a user and makes at least one of the following determinations: that the user identifier does not match any existing user account, that the user identifier matches at least one existing user account, but that the user's account is in a locked state, or that the user identifier matches at least one existing user account, but the user's password does not match the user identifier. The administrative computer system then returns to the user the same response message regardless of which determination is made. The response indicates that the user's login credentials are invalid. The response also prevents the user from determining which of the credentials was invalid, as the response message is the same for each determination and is sent to the user after a measured response time that is the same for each determination.

Computers have become highly integrated in the workforce, in the home, in mobile devices, and many other places. Computers can process massive amounts of information quickly and efficiently. Software applications designed to run on computer systems allow users to perform a wide variety of functions including business applications, schoolwork, entertainment and more. Software applications are often designed to perform specific tasks, such as word processor applications for drafting documents, or email programs for sending, receiving and organizing email.
In many cases, software applications are designed to interact with other software applications or other computer systems. For example, internet browsers allow users to send requests to other computer systems. These requests are answered by data servers, whose responses are transmitted over the internet back to the user. In many cases, websites provide and/or tailor their offerings to users that have been authenticated by the website. Users typically authenticate by entering some form of user name (possibly an email address) and a password or pass phrase. If the user enters the wrong credentials, login is prevented and an error message is returned.
To prevent illegitimate users from guessing or using dictionary attacks or other means of repeatedly trying passwords, throttles are implemented. These typically limit the user (or a particular internet protocol (IP) address) to a certain number of failed logins within a period of time (e.g. three failed login attempts within ten minutes). CAPTCHAS (Completely Automated Public Turing tests to tell Computers and Humans Apart) may also be used to prevent scripts or other automated systems from repeatedly guessing user name and password combinations. The CAPTCHAS require the user to view a partially distorted image and enter the word or sequence of characters displayed in the image. CAPTCHAS are designed to be easily decipherable by a human, but very difficult to decipher for a computer system.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Efficiently throttling user authentication


An orthotic device for insertion into a high-heeled shoe is provided. An orthotic device made in accordance with the instant invention virtually eliminates the problems associated with the wearing of high-heeled shoes, particularly pronation effects, general foot discomfort, posture problems, toe pain, and arch pain. The orthotic device comprises a right or semi-rigid shell for positioning beneath the heel of the foot and extending forwardly towards the toes of the foot. The shell terminates behind the five metatarsal heads of the foot, and is shaped whereby to permit the first metatarsal head freely to evert and plantarflex under load, and is shaped such that the heel of the foot is carried substantially parallel to or slightly backwardly inclined relative to the ground plane.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to orthotic devices, and more specifically to orthotic devices for use in high-heeled shoes.
The human foot may be subject to a number of abnormalities which cause pain. A number of corrective constructions have been devised for curing these problems. These corrective constructions are generally referred to in the art as "orthotics" and may be integrally formed in a shoe or adapted to be received by a shoe. Such orthotic devices commonly are used to correct abnormalities and/or to prevent foot problems or injury arising from the wearing of high-heeled dress shoes. While there has been substantial investigation by prior art workers into orthotic devices for use with athletic footwear, there has been little work into designing orthotics for reducing injury or increasing comfort of high-heeled dress shoes.
A standard high-heeled dress shoe is designed so that the heel of the foot wearing the shoe is carried higher than its toes. The height differential between the heel and the toes can vary significantly depending on the style of the shoe. It is not uncommon for heel heights to range from 11/2" to 3" or more above the toes in certain styles. Also, high-heeled shoes typically are designed with pointed toes in order to exhibit greater fashion appeal. While the design of these pointed toes also vary, it is generally common for fashion high-heeled shoes to maintain pointed toes regardless of the shape of the wearer's foot. A number of painful foot problems result from this design. For example, the downward slant of the inner sole of the shoe forces the wearer's foot to slide forward toward the toes. As the foot slides forward, the toes become jammed in the toe portion of the shoe. This can be very painful and it has been shown that at least 85% of all high-heeled shoe wearers experience such pain. Moreover, the downside slant of the inner sole places stress on the foot as the foot attempts to conform to the downward slant of the inner sole, causing the heel bone or calcaneus, to tilt downward, or plantarflex, thereby locking the first metatarsal phalangeal joint and preventing hallux extension or "toe lock". This causes the foot to pronate, greatly decreasing the overall foot comfort as well as adversely effecting the wearer's posture and ambulation all as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,597,195 to Dananberg, one of the inventors hereof. Therefore, wearers of high-heeled shoes often complain of problems associated with toe pain, arch pain, as well as general lower back problems.
Unfortunately, no teaching exists in the prior art to construct an orthotic device that adequately corrects foot posture while permitting conventional high-heeled shoes to be worn. Typically, an orthotic device consists of several components: the heel post of rear stabilizer component located directly beneath the heel seat of the orthotic, the shell or arch accommodating section which runs from the heel to a point just behind the metatarsal heads of the foot; and the extension component that runs from a point at the end of the orthotic shell to the point where the toes join the body of the foot, commonly called the sulcus.
Richardson et al, U.S. Pat. No. 1,778,002 discloses an orthotic in which the shank is provided with extensions which are intended to act as an arch support. The shank extensions contemplated in Richardson extend laterally from the shank of the sole, extending outwardly at en acute angle with respect to the sole. The disadvantage of this construction is that it requires a sole with relatively high sides to protect or conceal Richardson's orthotic device. Moreover, the wider or higher such lateral extensions are, the more pressure may be exerted on the side or arch, vamp, foxing, and order of the shoe, thereby distorting the shape of the shoe itself.
It is also known in the prior art to provide orthotics comprising pads attached to the insole. These may take the form of metatarsal pads, midtarsal pads, or heel spur pads, such as those disclosed by Riehle et al, U.S. Pat. No. 1,867,679, Frese, Jr. in U.S. Pat. No. 2,959,875, Nalick, U.S. Pat. No. 3,777,419, and Stemmons, U.S. Pat. No. 2,075,552.
Riso et al, U.S. Pat. No. 4,250,886 discloses an orthotic for a high-heeled shoe and comprising a sole including heel and forefoot receiving portions, the heel portion being elevated approximately 11/2" about the forefoot portion. Riso's orthotic also provides a metatarsal pad secured to the sole and dimensioned so as to have one marginal edge substantially adjacent and proximal to the head of the second metatarsal, a second metatarsal edge substantially adjacent and lateral the first metatarsal and a third metatarsal edge substantially adjacent and medial to the fifth metatarsal. However, Riso requires that the orthotic position of the foot such that a constant height of 11/2" is maintained between the heel and forefoot even if the heel height exceeds 11/2". Thus, in a shoe with a standard heel height of 13/4" an orthotic made in accordance with Riso would place a 1/4" pad under the forefoot to maintain the constant 11/2" between the heel and the forefoot, and a 2" heel would require a 1/2" pad under the forefoot. The inclusion of a pad of 1/4"-1/2" thickness in a modern high-heeled shoe would crowd the wearer's toes, resulting in toe pain, and exacerbating the problem of toe lock discussed in Dananberg U.S. Pat. No. 4,597,195.


A caster device includes a support unit, two caster wheels, a resilient member, two friction wheels, and two protruding teeth units. Each of the caster wheels has an inner wheel surface and a plurality of meshing teeth that are angularly arranged and that are formed on the inner wheel surface. Each of the protruding teeth units includes a plurality of protruding teeth. The support unit is downwardly movable against a resilient force of the resilient member to a stop position, where each of the friction wheels is in frictional contact with the meshing teeth of a respective one of the caster wheels, and where the protruding teeth of each of the protruding teeth units are meshed with the meshing teeth of the respective one of the caster wheels.

Conventionally, a plurality of caster devices are mounted at bottom of a piece of furniture, such as bottom of a chair, for enabling rolling movement of the piece of furniture. For convenience's sake, in an office setting, the chair is able to move via the rolling movement whether or not the chair is supporting a load. However, with an implementation of a brake mechanism on the caster devices, the chair is able to remain stationary and be restricted from the rolling movement when the chair is supporting a load.


A refrigerator oil for use with an HFC refrigerant containing HFC-134a and/or HFC-125, which comprises an alkylbenzene oil containing at least 60% by weight of alkylbenzenes having a molecular weight of 200 to 350. An oil composition for use in a refrigerator, which comprises the refrigerator oil mentioned above and an HFC refrigerant containing HFC-134a and/or HFC-125, together with or without an additive such as a phosphoric ester compound.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a refrigerator oil and a fluid composition for a refrigerator, and in particular to a refrigerator oil and a fluid composition containing said oil for use in a refrigerator, the refrigerator oil comprising an alkyl benzene having a specific feature and being suited for use with an HFC refrigerant containing 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) and/or pentafluoroethane (HFC-125).
2. Prior Art
Due to the recent problems as to the destruction of the ozone layer, the use of CFC (chlorofluorocarbon) and HCFC (hydrochlorofluorocarbon) which have been conventionally used as a refrigerant for a refrigerator is now restricted under a regulation. Therefore, as a replacement of these materials, HFC (hydrofluorocarbon) has been increasingly employed as a refrigerant.
Under the circumstances, PAG (polyalkyleneglycol) and esters which are compatible with HFC have been studied or used as an oil for a refrigerator using an HFC refrigerant. For example, the use of PAG is proposed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,755.316; Japanese Patent Unexamined Publications No. Hei 1-198694, No. Hei 1-256594, No. Hei 1-259093, No. Hei 1-259094, No. Hei 1-259095, No. Hei 1-274191, No. Hei 2-43290, No. Hei 2-55791 and No. Hei 2-84491. The use of esters is proposed in PCT. Publication No. Hei 3-505602; Japanese Patent Unexamined Publications No. Hei 3-88892, No. Hei 2-128991, No. Hei 3-128992, No. Hei 3-200895, No. Hei 3-227397, No. Hei 4-20597, No. Hei 4-72390, No. Hei 4-218592 and No. Hei 4-249593.
However, PAG is rather high in hygroscopicity and poor in electric characteristics (volume resistivity). On the other hand, ester-based oils are readily hydrolyzed to generate an acid thus possibly giving rise to various problems. Moreover, these oils are accompanied with a serious problem that they are inferior in lubricity as compared with a mineral oil/CFC or a mineral oil/HCFC.
On the other hand, Japanese Patent Unexamined Publications No. Hei 5-157379 describes a refrigerating system for an HFC-134a refrigerant wherein there is used a refrigerator oil which is incompatible with a refrigerant. As an example of such an oil, an alkylbenzene is disclosed therein. However, it has been found that if an ordinary alkylbenzene is to be used as a refrigerator oil for HFC-134a and/or HFC-125, some specific means is required to be taken on the side of the system, and that if an ordinary alkylbenzene is used as a refrigerator oil for HFC-134a and/or HFC-125 without taking such specific means, the seizure of a refrigerating compressor used may possibly be caused after a long period of its operation.
The present inventors took notice of an alkylbenzene which is free from hydrolysis and hygroscopicity and made an extensive study to finally find out that if an alkylbenzene having a specific property is used as a refrigerator oil for HFC-134a and/or HFC-125, the seizure of the refrigerating compressor can be avoided, thus indicating an excellent lubricity of the alkylbenzene, and that the alkylbenzene is capable of maintaining a high reliability for a long period of time. This invention has thus been accomplished in one aspect.
It has further been found out by the present inventors that when a phosphoric ester compound is added in a specific ratio to the above alkylbenzene having a specific property and the resulting mixture is used as a refrigerator oil in a refrigerator, the wear resistance and load resistance of the refrigerator can be improved. This invention has thus been accomplished in another aspect.

Fluid composition comprising HFC refrigerant and alkylbenzene-based refrigerator oil


A communication device used in an optical communication system, the communication device includes a mode change over device configured to switch between a learning mode for learning a normal state of an optical transmission path before operation and a monitoring mode for monitoring a state of the optical transmission path during operation, an anomaly detector configured to detect an anomaly of the optical transmission path using a prediction model determined by the learning mode when the monitoring mode is selected, and a data writer configured to extract waveform data including information related to the anomaly to output the extracted waveform data to an outside when the anomaly is detected.

The demand for large-capacity and high-speed optical communication systems is increasing due to the spread of information communication terminals represented by smartphones and the advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology. In order to implement high-speed and large-capacity communication, optical networks exceeding 100 Gbps using a coherent method are spreading. In the coherent method, a received optical signal is detected by local oscillation light, and a waveform distortion generated in the transmission path is compensated by digital signal processing after being converted into an electrical signal. The individual chromatic dispersion compensators, which have been required in the related art, and the optical amplifier for compensating for the insertion loss may be omitted, so that the system may be reduced in size and cost.
On the other hand, optical communication network systems are becoming more complex, and it is required to open the specifications and coupling methods and operate and manage them stably at reasonable costs. It is desired provide a system that automatically monitors the state of a transmission path or network to detect the sign of an anomaly early and solve the problem.
A configuration for continuously monitoring the parameters of the optical transmission path with a digital coherent receiver has been offered.
Related technologies are disclosed in, for example, Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 11-008590 and F. N. Hauske, et al., "Optical Performance Monitoring in Digital Coherent Receivers", IEEE Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 27, no. 16, pp. 3623-3631. Aug. 15, 2009.

Communication device and communication method


A tissue oxygenation device for creating and oxygen gradient that promotes the diffusion of oxygen from underlying capillaries and subcutaneous tissue up through and over an overlying target site of skin tissue, comprising: a gas impermeable encasement which forms a chamber which surrounds the target site when the encasement is positioned over the target site; an oxygen scavenging member comprising an oxygen scavenger, wherein the oxygen scavenging member is contained within the chamber such that the oxygen scavenger is exposed to oxygen within the chamber, and further wherein the oxygen scavenger removes oxygen contained within the chamber at a continuous rate; and an adjustable cuff, wherein the adjustable cuff comprises a pliable body which is attached to the gas impermeable encasement on an end of the body and to the target site at another end of the body; wherein the gas impermeable encasement and the adjustable cuff jointly operate to seal the target site within the chamber.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to medical devices and processes for the promotion of the healing of skin tissue by increasing tissue oxygenation through and over the skin tissue under non-hyperbaric conditions.
2. Background of the Invention.
The integrity of local skin microcirculation and appropriate levels of skin oxygenation are critical factors in the maintenance of tissue integrity and in the promotion of wound healing. A common method used to increase skin tissue oxygenation involves hyperbaric oxygen therapy ("HBOT"). However, although HBOT may be efficient in some instances in increasing tissue oxygenation, it remains a cumbersome treatment option, and its use is limited to no more than a few hours per week. Additionally, some commonly observed side effects resulting from use of HBOT include e.g., ear and sinus trauma, oxygen toxicity to the central nervous system and to pulmonary tissue, and acceleration of cataract maturation.
Accordingly, what is needed is a device that can treat oxygen deprived tissue in an efficient and cost-effective manner, and which reduces the risk of the occurrence of certain side effects associated with the use of HBOT-based treatment methods.

Method and device for tissue oxygenation


A space adjustable rack for storing fragile wine/Champaign/cocktail glasses during transportation and for storing the glasses in house is provided. The space adjustable precious alcohol beverage glass storing rack can hold glasses of different sizes at the same time. The rack of the current application is comprised of a bottom structure, pluralities of latitudinal spacing blades, and pluralities of longitudinal spacing blades. The space adjustable rack protects those wine/Champaign/cocktail glasses from severe vibration impact caused by earthquake and transportation.

Most of glasses for drinking beverages, especially wine glasses, Champaign glasses, and cocktail are manufactured in a beautiful shape and various sizes. Therefore, endurance to impact is not significantly considered. However, some of them are very expensive for the name value of the designer. Conventional method of packaging such expensive but very fragile glasses for transportation is to pack them between plastic-packing materials such as puffs of polyester foams. Meanwhile, means for storing those fragile glasses in house is very limited. Most popular mean is a rack to hang the glasses up side down between two long thin rods. Structures of existing wine glass racks known to these days are not stable enough to protect the wine glasses hang on there when vibration impact caused by earth quake or similar movement of the rack itself. It is the purpose of the current application to provide a rack that can protect the fragile contents from breaking due to severe vibration impact caused by earthquake and/or by sudden stop of a transportation means.

Space adjustable rack for cocktail glasses to endure earthquake


An ion implanting apparatus includes a magnetic quadrupole lens disposed between an ion source and an RFQ accelerator. The magnetic quadrupole lens carries out mass spectrometry of an ion beam extracted from the ion source while converging the ion beam, and reduces the divergence of the ion beam due to the space charge effect as compared to an electrostatic quadrupole lens. The use of the magnetic quadrupole lens makes it possible to utilize to a maximum extent the ion beam extracted from the ion source and to restrict to a minimum the reduction in the current of the ion beam during passage of the ion beam, thereby making it possible to generate a high-energy ion beam having a large current on the order of several tens of milliamperes.

The present invention relates to an ion implanting unit utilizing a radio frequency linear ion accelerator, and relates more particularly to an ion implanting unit suitable for generating a high energy ion beam having a large current.
An ion implanting unit utilizing a conventional radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) ion accelerator is disclosed in Japanese Patent Unexamined Publication No. JP-A-60-121656. This prior art technology has a characteristic that it can implant high-energy ions having an energy in the range of several hundred keV to several MeV.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram for showing the configuration of the prior art technology.
As shown in this drawing, the conventional ion implanting unit has a basic structure which includes an ion source 1 for generating ions to be implanted into a material to be processed in a vacuum, a sector-type mass spectrometer 6 for carrying out mass spectrometry of an ion beam that has been extracted from this ion source 1, an RFQ accelerator 3 for accelerating ions produced from this mass spectrometer 6 with a radio frequency voltage, and an ion implanting chamber 4 for implanting ions outputted from this RFQ accelerator 3 into the material to be processed.
A conventional example of the case where a quadrupole lens is disposed between the mass spectrometer 6 and the RFQ accelerator 3 for the purpose of converging an ion beam that has been injected into the RFQ accelerator 3 is disclosed, for example, in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B50, 1990, pp. 478-480.
As described above, all of the prior art techniques employ a sector-type mass spectrometer 6 in order to select desired ions out of various kinds of ions which are included in the ion beam that has been extracted from the ion source 1.
Also, when the quadrupole lens is disposed between the mass spectrometer 6 and the RFQ accelerator 3 for the purpose of converging the ion beam that has been incident to the RFQ accelerator 3, all of the prior art techniques employ an electrostatic quadrupole lens as shown in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B37/38, 1989, pp. 94-97.
As described above, according to the prior art techniques, the use of the RFQ accelerator makes it possible to implant high-energy ions but the ion beam that has been extracted from the ion source 1 is not utilized to the maximum extent, so that a current value is reduced to half or below during the passage of the beam from the ion source 1 to the ion implanting chamber 4, with a result that a large current cannot be obtained. The above problem occurs for the following reasons. In the example of FIG. 3, the sector-type mass spectrometer 6 is used to carry out mass spectrometry of the ion beam that has been extracted from the ion source 1. The sector-type mass spectrometer 6, however, provides low transmissivity because it utilizes a weak convergent lens. Further, when the electrostatic quadrupole lens is disposed between the mass spectrometer 6 and the RFQ accelerator 3, the electrostatic quadrupole lens separates electrons in the beam, and therefore it is not possible to restrict the divergence of the beam due to the space charge effect, with a result that the ion beam cannot be sufficiently converged to the incident opening of the RFQ accelerator 3.


The present invention relates to compositions and methods for inhibiting nonenzymatic cross-linking (protein aging). Accordingly, a composition is disclosed which comprises; an agent capable of inhibiting the formation of advanced glycosylation endproducts of target proteins by reacting with the carbonyl moiety of the early glycosylation product of such target proteins formed by their initial glycosylation. Suitable agents contain an active nitrogen-containing group, such as a hydrazine group. Particular agents comprise aminoguanidine derivatives. the method comprises contacting the target protein with the composition. Both industrial and therapeutic applications for the invention are envisioned, as food spoilage and animal protein aging can be treated.

The present invention relates generally to the reaction that occurs between glucose and proteins, and more particularly to the inhibition by various aminoguanidine derivatives of the reaction of nonenzymatically glycosylated proteins leading to advanced glycosylation end products.
The reaction between glucose and proteins has been known for some time. Its earliest manifestation was in the appearance of brown pigments during the cooking of food, which was identified by Maillard in 1912, who observed that glucose or other reducing sugars react with amino acids to form adducts that undergo a series of dehydrations and rearrangements to form stable brown pigments. Maillard, C. R. Acad. Sci., 154, pp. 66-68, (1912).
In the years that followed the initial discovery by Maillard, food chemists studied the hypothesized reaction in detail and determined that stored and heat treated foods undergo nonenzymatic browning as a result of the reaction between glucose and the polypeptide chain, and that the proteins are resultingly cross-linked and correspondingly exhibit decreased bioavailability. Finot, P. A. (1982) in Modification of Proteins, eds, Feehey, R. E. and Whitaker, J. R., American Chemical Society, 198, pp. 91-124, Washington, D.C. At this point, it was determined that the pigments responsible for the development of the brown color that develops as a result of protein glycosylation possessed characteristic spectra and fluorescent properties. However, the chemical structure of the pigments had not been specifically elucidated.
The reaction between reducing sugars and food proteins discussed above was found in recent years to have its parallel in vivo. Thus, the nonenzymatic reaction between glucose and the free amino groups on proteins to yield the Amadori product, has been shown to occur with hemoglobin, wherein a rearrangement of the amino terminal of the beta-chain of hemoglobin by reaction with glucose, forms the adduct known as hemoglobin A.sub.1c. The reaction has also been found to occur with a variety of other body proteins, such as lens crystallins, collagen and nerve proteins. See, Bunn et al, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm., 67, pp. 103-109 (1975); Koenig et al, J. Biol. Chem., 252, pp. 2992-2997 (1977); Monnier, and Cerami, A., in Maillard Reaction in Food add Nutrition, ed. Waller, G. A., American Chemical Society, 215, pp.431-448 (1983); and Monnier and Cerami, Clinics in Endocrinology and Metabolism, 11, pp. 431-452 (1982). Moreover, brown pigments with spectral and fluorescent properties similar to those of late-stage Maillard products have also been observed in vivo in association with several long-lived proteins, such as lens proteins and collagen from aged individuals. An age related linear increase in pigment was observed in human dura collagen between the ages of 20 to 90 years. See, Monnier, and Cerami, Science, 211, pp. 491-493 (1981 ); Monnier, and Cerami, Biochem. Biophys. Acta, 760, pp. 97-103 (1983); and, Monnier et al., "Accelerated Age-Related Browning of Human Collagen in Diabetes Mellitus", Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 81, pp. 583-587 (1984). Interestingly, the aging of collagen can be mimicked in vitro by the cross-linking induced by glucose; and the capture of other proteins and the formation of adducts by collagen, also noted, is theorized to occur by a cross-linking reaction, and is believed to account for the observed accumulation of albumin and antibodies in kidney basement membrane. See, Brownlee et al, J. Exp. Med., 158, pp. 1739-1744 (1983); and Kohn et al, Diabetes, 33, No. 1, pp. 57-59 (1984).
2-Furoyl-4(5)-2(furanyl)-1H-imidazole has been isolated from the acid hydrolysates of browned proteins and is believed to be a cross-linker from the nonenzymatic browning of proteins, Pongor et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 81, 2684 (1984), and U.S. Pat. No. 4,665,192, issued May 12, 1987, and entitled "Methods and Agents for Measuring Protein Aging".
Methods of inhibiting the Maillard reaction in vivo using aminoguanidine are known, Brownlee et al., Science, 232, 1629 (1986), and U.S. Pat. No. 4,758,583, issued Jul. 19, 1988, and entitled "Method and Agents for Inhibiting Protein Aging". In the food industry, sulfites were found years ago to inhibit the Maillard reaction and are commonly used in processed and stored foods. Recently, however, sulfites in food have been implicated in severe and even fatal reactions in asthmatics. As a consequence, the sulfite treatment of fresh fruits and vegetables has been banned. The mechanism for the allergic reaction is not known. A need thus exists for a suitable agent for the inhibition of nonenzymatic browning for use in processed and stored foods, as well as in various other pharmaceutical and diagnostic products.
Additionally, the discovery of a suitable agent for the inhibition of nonenzymatic cross-linking would provide a means of reducing or obviating the effects of protein aging, especially in such disease states as diabetes mellitus, etc.

1,4 piperizino inhibitors of non-enzymatic cross-linking of proteins


A method for disaster recovery for distributed storage is provided. The method includes distributing erasure coded data to N storage systems at N sites so that the data is recoverable from N−1 storage systems at N−1 sites in case of failure of one of the N storage systems. The method includes coordinating movement of one or more storage devices of a replacement storage system to each of the N−1 sites and transferring data for rebuilding the erasure coded data, from each of the N−1 storage systems to the one or more storage devices of the replacement storage system, responsive to the failure of the one of the N storage systems. The method includes coordinating movement of the one or more storage devices of the replacement storage system to the one of the N sites or a further replacement site, to restore recoverability of the distributed archival storage.

Archival storage needs to protect against data loss as inexpensively as possible. One known approach to doing this is to use distributed erasure coded storage, in which a system with N sites stores N−1 sites' worth of data and one site worth of redundancy. If a disaster occurs, the typical solution is to read all of the remaining sites and transfer the data to the new site, which uses the information to reconstruct the data lost when the site was destroyed. As larger amounts of data are stored, the length of time to transfer data to the new site after a disaster increases. In order to decrease this transfer time, one solution is to purchase or lease higher bandwidth network connections to the new site. Even so, the amount of recovery time may be larger than desired. Therefore, there is a need in the art for a solution which overcomes the drawbacks described above.

Disaster recovery for high-bandwidth distributed archives


An electronic cigarette and an inhaling shell are disclosed. A mouthpiece is disposed at one end of an inhaling tube, a tobacco-liquid cup and atomizing device are disposed in the inhaling tube. The atomizing device includes an atomizing cup and an atomizer. The atomizer includes an electric heat wire and a fiber piece. The atomizing cup includes a cup seat, a cup cylinder, a support tube fixed on the cup seat and a liquid-storage member fitted around the support tube. The fiber piece is fixed on the support tube with both ends against an inner wall of the liquid-storage member to absorb tobacco liquid for atomization. The electronic cigarette and the atomizing device of the present invention facilitate disassembly and assembly, maintenance, and replacement, facilitate repeatedly adding tobacco liquid into the tobacco-liquid cup, and simplify manufacturing the electronic cigarette. The configuration of an air-puffing passage thereof makes the inhaling shell more compact.

An inhaling shell of an existing electronic cigarette includes a non-transparent inhaling tube, an atomizing device disposed in the inhaling tube which includes electric heat wire and atomizing cup, a tobacco-liquid cup disposed in the inhaling tube for storing tobacco liquid, an elongated liquid-guide tube for guiding tobacco liquid to flow into the atomizing device, a mouthpiece disposed at one end of the inhaling tube, an air-puffing passage for transporting aerosol to outside of the inhaling tube which is generated from tobacco-liquid vaporization by atomizing device. The air-puffing passage is configured in the inhaling tube and molded with the inhaling tube by an integrated molding process. Both ends of the electric heat wire are soldered to first and second electrodes by a wire-bond process or a copper-tube riveting process.
The inhaling shell of the existing electronic cigarette has such disadvantages that: the atomizing device is single use only and it is inconvenient to repeatedly add tobacco liquid into the tobacco-liquid cup; the atomizing device and the tobacco-liquid cup are fixed in the inhaling tube and non-replaceable; the electric heat wire of the atomizing device is connected to electric circuit by wire-bond process or copper-tube riveting process, which process is very complicated and inconvenient for installation; additionally, liquid-guide tube extends into the tobacco-liquid cup, which is complicated and inconvenient for installation, and results in fluid leaking and bad results of guiding tobacco liquid; moreover, the air-puffing passage is configured and integrated in the inhaling tube, it is necessary to specially preset space for the air-puffing passage, and thus results in an incompact inner structure or a bigger dimension of the inhaling tube; and for the opaque inhaling tube, tobacco-liquid volume in the tobacco-liquid cup is unobservable, thus unfavorable-smell gas generated from burning electric heat wire will be inhaled after the tobacco liquid is exhausted.

Electronic cigarette and inhaling shell thereof

HUIZOU KIMREE TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD., SHENZHEN BRANCH


A dual-energy detector array for a radiation system is provided. The dual-energy detector array includes a circuit board assembly having a first side and a second side. A first conversion package is coupled to the first side of the circuit board assembly and has a first effective photon energy. A second conversion package is coupled to the second side of the circuit board assembly and has a second effective photon energy different than the first effective photon energy. A radiation filtering material is disposed within the circuit board assembly between the first conversion package and the second conversion package. The radiation filtering material attenuates at least some of the radiation photons impinging thereon.

The present application relates to measuring radiation attenuation by an object exposed to radiation. It finds particular application in the field of computed tomography (CT) imaging utilized in medical, security, and/or industrial applications, for example. However, it also relates to other radiation imaging modalities where converting radiation energy into electrical signals may be useful, such as for imaging and/or object detection.
Today, CT and other imaging modalities (e.g., mammography, digital radiography, etc.) are useful to provide information, or images, of interior features of an object under examination. Generally, the object is exposed to polychromatic radiation comprising photons (e.g., such as x-rays, gamma rays, etc.), and an image(s) is formed based upon the radiation absorbed and/or attenuated by the interior features of the object, or rather a number of radiation photons that are able to pass through the object. Generally, highly dense features of the object absorb and/or attenuate more radiation than less dense features, and thus a feature having a higher density, such as a bone or metal, for example, will be apparent when surrounded by less dense features, such as muscle or clothing.
The detector array typically comprises a plurality of detector cells, respectively configured to convert detected radiation into electrical signals. Based upon the number of radiation photons detected by respective detector cells and/or the electrical charge generated by respective detector cells between samplings, images can be reconstructed that are indicative of the density, effective atomic number (z), shape, and/or other properties of the object and/or features thereof.
Conventionally, radiation imaging systems employed a single energy scanner, which measures the attenuation of an integrated radiation spectrum and provides the density information of the object or rather features comprised therein. Using this density information respective features can be identified and/or classified (e.g., as a potential threat or non-threat item). While measuring the densities of the features has proven to be a useful tool for identification of the features, density information is sometimes insufficient. For example, some items of interest (e.g., threat items, tumors, etc.) may have substantially similar densities and shapes as items that are not of interest, which may make it difficult to identify some items based merely upon the measured density.
More recently, some radiation imaging systems have begun to use dual-energy scanners, which measure both the density and effective atomic number (z), of features within the object. In this way, items can be identified and/or classified based upon density and/or chemical makeup information, for example. Applications for dual-energy scanners may comprise, but are not limited to, bone densitometry, explosive detection, and/or quantitative computed tomography (CT).
Dual-energy imaging systems generally measure the absorption characteristics of features within the object under examination for a plurality of energy spectra (e.g., a higher energy spectrum and a lower energy spectrum). This approach is made possible because radiation undergoes different types of interactions with matter at different energies. In the diagnostic range of radiation energies up to 200 keV, for example, radiation interacts with matter primarily through Compton scattering and photoelectric interactions. These two types of interactions depend differently on the energy of the incident radiation. The cross-section for Compton scattering is proportional to the electron density of the object, while the photoelectric cross-section is proportional to the electron density times the atomic number cubed. Thus, by separately measuring radiation attenuation at two or more different energy spectra, the Compton scattering and photoelectric interactions can be independently measured. Based upon these independent measurements, density and effective atomic number (z) for items comprised in the object under examination can be determined.
One technique for obtaining such measurements is known as "source switching." In source switching, the energy spectrum of the radiation is switched between at least two distinguished or different energy spectra. This may be done through a variety of procedures. In one procedure, the voltage applied to a radiation source is varied causing the emitted radiation's energy to vary with the change in voltage. In another procedure, two or more spatially separated sources are configured to alternate radiation emissions (e.g., by alternating power to the sources). Where there are two energy sources, for example, one of the sources may be configured to emit radiation within a first, higher energy spectrum while the other may be configured to emit radiation within a second, lower energy spectrum.
Another technique uses a dual-energy, indirect conversion detector array (e.g., generally of sandwich type design) that comprises two scintillators and two photodetectors. A first scintillator and photodetector are configured to measure object attenuation at a first effective photon energy (e.g., where the first effective photon energy corresponds to a mean energy detected by the first scintillator) and a second scintillator and photodetector are configured to measure object attenuation at a second effective photon energy (e.g., where the second effective photon energy corresponds to a mean energy detected by the second scintillator).

Detector array for radiation imaging modality


In an image reproduction window, an image reproduction area in which images are reproduced, and an operating area in which a slide bar is displayed are provided. When a slider of the slide bar is moved, the number of images to be displayed in one frame in the image reproduction area is increased or decreased in accordance with a position of the slider. The number of images in one frame increases as a displacement amount of the slider increases. When the slider is moved within a range in which the number of images to be displayed in one frame does not change, only a frame change interval is changed while the number of images in one frame is unchanged.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an image reproduction apparatus and an image reproduction program for displaying a multi-image frame on a monitor screen.
2. Description of the Related Art
Still images captured by a digital still camera, hereinafter simply referred to as images, are usually printed out on photographic papers or the like. The images can also be displayed on a monitor screen of a personal computer, which is used as an image viewer. In most cases, an image viewer software has a slide show function which automatically displays a plurality of images sequentially at specified time intervals. By using this function, the plurality of images can be viewed with a simple operation.
To view the images as a slide show, a display time of each image, that is, a frame change interval needs to be set up. For instance, to view the images, the frame change interval is set long. On the other hand, to search an intended image among a plurality of images, the frame change interval is set short. Note that it is also possible to change over the frames manually by a frame advance function.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 07-203373 discloses an image reproduction apparatus which displays plural images (thumbnail images) in a matrix for an image search. This image reproduction apparatus helps to perform the image search efficiently by changing the frame having plural images to a next frame having other images. Further, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2002-112087 discloses an image reproduction apparatus which is capable of changing over between a normal search mode and a fast search mode. In the normal search mode, each image is shifted one by one in a frame so that the earliest image is disappeared from the frame, and instead a new image is introduced. In the fast search mode, the images are changed over on a frame basis in the same manner as in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 7-203373.
In many cases, the image viewer software has a function to change not only the frame change interval, but also the number of images displayed in one frame as described above. To search an intended image in a short time, a user needs to individually adjust the frame change interval and the number of images displayed in one frame, so as to find an optimum combination of the frame change interval and the number of images.
However, when the number of images displayed in one frame is changed, time required for viewing all the images displayed in one frame is also changed. For instance, when the number of images displayed in one frame is increased, the time required for viewing the displayed images is also increased. Accordingly, it becomes necessary to extend the frame change interval. Thus, every time the number of images displayed in one frame is changed, the frame change interval needs to be changed, and this is troublesome and inconvenient.

Image reproduction apparatus and image reproduction program


A strain-relief member having a body formed from a block copolymer and designed for use in a fiber optic drop cable assembly. The body has a central channel and a cylindrical connector-end portion sized to surround an end-portion of a connector. The body also has a tapered cable-end portion sized to surround an end portion of a fiber optic cable that connects to the connector and that has a preferential bend axis. The strain-relief member is configured to limit an amount of strain in the strength components to less than 0.041 when subjected to flex and proof testing. A fiber optic drop cable assembly that has a fiber optic cable with a preferential bend axis and that employs the strain-relief member is also disclosed.

Various types of connectors have been developed for connecting fiber optic cables to optical system components such as active or passive optical devices, or to other optical cables. Most optical fiber connectors are attached to a strain-relief device on the end of the connector opposite the terminated fiber. As the name suggests, the strain-relief device reduces strain on the fiber optic cable and connector, such as, for example, during pulling on the cable, to avoid violating the minimum bend radius of the optical fiber within the cable. Such bending could lead to attenuation and even breakage of the optical transmission component and strength components in the fiber optic cable.
Fiber optic cables include an optical transmission component that carries optical signals to a home or other locations from a connection point (e.g., a local splice box or fiber distribution terminal (FDT)) on the distribution cable in so-called fiber-to-the-X (FTTX) networks. Such fiber optic cables are referred to in the art as "drop cables." Certain types of drop cables are "flat" drop cables, meaning that the cross-section of the drop cable is oblong to accommodate either a ribbon-type arrangement of the optical fibers therein or to accommodate strength components that run the length of the fiber on opposite sides of the centrally carried fibers. Exemplary drop cables are ROC™, RPX®, SST-Drop™, and ALTOS® Figure-8 Loose Tube cables, available from Corning Cable Systems LLC, Hickory, N.C. A connectorized drop cable is called a "drop cable assembly."
When deployed in the field, a drop cable assembly can experience a mechanical load that strains the connectorized end of the assembly. The in-plane configuration of the strength components and the optical transmission component gives rise to preferential and non-preferential bend axes that cause the drop cable assembly to twist when subjected to bending about the non-preferential axis. The twisting action places a great deal of strain on the strength components and the optical transmission component that, if not mitigated, can damage the drop cable assembly. Unfortunately, conventional strain-relief members used for other types of drop cables (including round cross-section drop cables) are not capable of mitigating the strain that occurs in a drop cable assembly having a preferential bend axis when the assembly is subjected to a mechanical load over a range of possible operating temperatures.

Strain-relief member and fiber optic drop cable assembly using same


A package for an oral care implement comprising a container having a display portion and a periphery, and a backing attached to the container for defining an interior for receiving an oral care implement. The backing further comprises a first portion attached to a portion of the periphery for defining an interior of the container and a second portion attached to the display portion; wherein the second portion of the backing further comprises a separable portion that facilitates separation of the first portion of the backing from the display portion and thereby facilitates access to the interior of the container.

In the commercialization of toothbrushes, the current trend is to package toothbrushes in blister packages. While the use of blister packages has proved to be cost-effective and effective at adequately protecting the toothbrush contained therein, existing blister packages are often difficult to open. While easy-open blister packages have been introduced into the art, existing easy-open blister packages are either complex to manufacture and/or compromise the containment of the product. Still a further issue with existing easy-open blister packages is that sharp protruding edges may be exposed that can prevent shipping, cause inadvertent opening, and/or injury to the end user. Thus, a need exists for an improved easy-open blister package that eliminates one or more of the aforementioned deficiencies.

Packaged oral care implement and package


Example embodiments described herein may comprise a transfer of firmware execution within a non-volatile memory device to one or more replacement instructions at least in part in response to a match between a code fetch address and an address stored in a trap address register.

Subject matter disclosed herein may relate to non-volatile memory devices, and may relate more particularly to code patching for non-volatile memory devices.
Non-volatile memory devices may be found in a wide range of electronic devices. In particular, non-volatile memory devices may be used in computers, digital cameras, cellular telephones, personal digital assistants, etc. Non-volatile memory devices may comprise a controller to manage access operations to an array of non-volatile memory cells. To manage memory array access operations, a non-volatile memory device controller may execute firmware instructions stored in a read-only memory located in the non-volatile memory device. Firmware instructions may be programmed into a non-volatile memory device read-only memory during manufacturing, in at least some circumstances.
Reference is made in the following detailed description to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, wherein like numerals may designate like parts throughout to indicate corresponding or analogous elements. It will be appreciated that for simplicity and/or clarity of illustration, elements illustrated in the figures have not necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some of the elements may be exaggerated relative to other elements for clarity. Further, it is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized. Furthermore, structural or logical changes may be made without departing from the scope of claimed subject matter. It should also be noted that directions or references, for example, up, down, top, bottom, and so on, may be used to facilitate discussion of the drawings and are not intended to restrict the application of claimed subject matter. Therefore, the following detailed description is not to be taken to limit the scope of claimed subject matter or their equivalents.


A cartridge for positioning a cutting insert onto a machining tool has a central longitudinal axis, along which the cutting insert is configured to be positioned and an end wall for supporting the cartridge. The end wall defines a first surface extending beyond the end wall and transversally to the central longitudinal axis. The cartridge includes a rear wall for supporting the cartridge against the machining tool and defining a second surface extending beyond the rear wall and a front clamping wall having a clamping hole. The clamping hole extends along a clamping direction and is configured to receive a clamping screw for clamping the cartridge onto the machining tool, wherein the clamping direction is arranged to intersect the first and second surfaces.

It is known in the field of machining to use machining tools having a least a cartridge on which a cutting insert is mounted so that the position of the cutting insert can be adjusted independently relative to the other cutting inserts of the machining tool. This allows the machining tool to have cutting inserts able to machine passes having different depths so that one same machining tool can for example perform rough and finishing operations.
For adjusting the position of the cartridge relative to the machining tool, it is known to couple the cartridge with a wedge having, as the cartridge, an oblique surface so that when the wedge is displaced in a first direction, the cartridge and thus the cutting insert mounted onto which is displaced in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction.
Example of such an assembly gathering a cartridge and a wedge mounted onto a machining tool is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,839,772. The cutting tool disclosed in this latter document comprises a recess formed in its periphery to receive the wedge at the bottom of the recess. The cartridge is disposed so as to contact the wedge and the lateral walls of the recess. A positioning screw having differential pitches is both screwed within a threaded hole of the cutting tool and a threaded hole of the wedge. Screwing the positioning screw results in displacing the wedge in a direction along which the positioning screw extends. Both the wedge and the cartridge have an oblique contact surface so that when the wedge is displaced along the extending direction of the positioning screw, the cartridge is displaced along a direction perpendicular to the extending direction. Then, so as to set the cutting insert position, the cutting tool comprises a screw allowing, when screwed in a clamped position, the cartridge to be pressed into contact with the lateral wall of the recess.
However, an important drawback of this cutting tool is that, when adjusting the cutting insert position, if the cartridge is displaced beyond a predetermined position, the cartridge cannot be displaced in the opposite direction to set the cartridge at the predetermined position. Indeed, the clamping screw has to be totally unscrewed so as to release the cartridge from clamping and the positioning screw has to be unscrewed so as to move back the wedge in an initial position. Then, operation of setting the cartridge can be performed again. Therefore, the setting operation of this cutting tool is difficult and leads the operator to waste a lot of time. This is particularly noticeable when the cutting insert comprises several cartridges.

Cutting insert positioning cartridge and system for a machining tool and a machining tool comprising such a positioning system


A pressure vessel is provided having an outer support layer having an inner surface; a composite wrap disposed adjacent to the inner surface; and a liner disposed adjacent to the fiber composite wrap. Further provided is an adapter disposed at a first end of the pressure vessel and configured for charging a cavity formed by the pressure vessel with a compressed fuel, wherein the adapter includes a first pressure relief device; and a second pressure relief device disposed at a second end of the pressure vessel. The second pressure relief device defines a passage through the outer support layer and the composite wrap and has a chamber and a diaphragm disposed between the chamber and the cavity. Also described are a fuel cell propulsion system and a vehicle including the provided pressure vessel.

Fuel cell power systems have been proposed as a clean, efficient and environmentally responsible power source for electric vehicles and various other applications. One type of fuel cell power system employs use of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) to catalytically facilitate reaction of fuels (such as hydrogen) and oxidants (such as air or oxygen) into electricity. Typically, the fuel cell power system has more than one fuel cell that includes an anode and a cathode with the PEM therebetween. The anode receives the hydrogen gas and the cathode receives the oxygen. The hydrogen gas is ionized in the anode to generate free hydrogen ions and electrons. The hydrogen ions pass through the electrolyte to the cathode. The hydrogen ions react with the oxygen and the electrons in the cathode to generate water as a by-product. The electrons from the anode cannot pass through the PEM, and are instead directed through a load to perform work before being sent to the cathode. The work acts to operate the vehicle. Many fuels cells are combined in a fuel cell stack to generate the desired power.
The fuel cell power system can include a processor that converts a liquid fuel, such as alcohols (methanol or ethanol), hydrocarbons (gasoline), and/or mixtures thereof, such as blends of ethanol/methanol and gasoline, to the hydrogen gas for the fuel cell stack. Such liquid fuels are easy to store on the vehicle. Further, there is a nationwide infrastructure for supplying the liquid fuels. Gaseous hydrocarbons, such as methane, propane, natural gas, LPG, etc., are also suitable fuels for both vehicle and non-vehicle fuel cell applications. Various reformers or processors are known in the art for converting the liquid fuel to gaseous hydrogen suitable for the fuel cell.
Alternatively, the hydrogen gas can be processed separate from the vehicle and stored at a filling stations and the like. The hydrogen gas is transferred from the filling station to a high pressure vessel or container on the vehicle to supply the desired hydrogen gas to the fuel cell engine as needed. The high pressure vessels are typically classified into one of four types: a Type I vessel having an all-metal construction; a Type II having a metal lined construction with a fiberglass hoop wrap; a Type III having a metal lined construction with a composite full wrap; and a Type IV having a plastic lined construction with a composite full wrap.
High pressure vessels containing a compressed hydrogen gas must have a mechanical stability and an integrity that militates against a rupture or bursting of the pressure vessel from the pressure within. It is also typically desirable to make the pressure vessels on vehicles lightweight so as not to significantly affect the weight requirements of the vehicle. The current trend in the industry is to employ the Type IV pressure vessel for storing the compressed hydrogen gas on the vehicle.
As is reported by Immel in U.S. Pat. No. 6,742,554, herein incorporated by reference in its entirety, the Type IV pressure vessel contemplated in the industry for storage of hydrogen gas is cylindrical in shape to provide the desired integrity, and includes an outer structural wall and an inner liner defining a container chamber therein. The combination of the outer wall and the liner provide the desired structural integrity, pressure containment, and gas tightness in a light-weight and cost effective manner.
The Type IV pressure vessel typically includes an adapter that provides the inlet and outlet opening for the hydrogen gas contained therein. The adapter typically houses the various valves, pressure regulators, piping connectors, excess flow limiter, etc. that allow the pressure vessel to be filled with the compressed hydrogen gas, and allow the compressed gas to be discharged from the pressure vessel at or near ambient pressure, or a higher pressure, to be sent to the fuel cell engine. The adapter is generally made of steel to provide a desired structural strength for storing compressed hydrogen gas. A suitable adhesive, sealing ring, or the like is employed to seal the liner to the adapter in a gas tight manner, and secure the adapter to the outer wall.
High pressure vessels are also generally designed with a thermally activated safety valve or pressure relief device (PRD), typically located at the adapter or opening of the pressure vessel. A PRD is a necessary component for a variety of safety reasons, including situations involving accidental damage to the fuel cell power system and the potential for resulting high temperatures or fire. The use of more than one PRD is desirable, in particular where high temperatures might occur at a side opposite the PRD in conventional pressure vessels. However, having more than one PRD has required an expensive construction that includes the drilling of an additional liner opening for placement of a second adapter and PRD. This drilling operation generally must occur during the final stages of a vessel manufacturing process and must be very precise in order to maintain the vessel integrity. A risk of irreparably damaging the vessel at these stages is also significant.
There is a continuing need for a high pressure vessel for the storage of hydrogen having a second pressure relief device for improved safety. Desirably, the pressure vessel also is constructed without significantly affecting the complexity of the vessel construction.

Thermally activated safety valve for pressure vessels


Polyacrylamide (PAM)-coated nanosand that may be a relative permeability modifier (RPM) and that is applied to treat a wellbore in a subterranean formation. The treatment may be for excess water production. The PAM-coated nanosand is PAM-hydrogel-coated nanosand. The PAM-coated nanosand os nanosand coated with PAM hydrogel. The PAM hydrogel includes crosslinked PAM in water. Application of the PAM-coated nanosand may reduce water production from the subterranean formation into the wellbore. The PAM hydrogel of the PAM-coated nanosand may expand in a water zone of the subterranean formation to restrict water flow into the wellbore. The PAM hydrogel of the PAM-coated nanosand may contract in an oil zone of the subterranean formation so not to significantly restrict crude oil flow into the wellbore.

A wellbore in a subterranean formation in the Earth crust may be treated. The wellbore treatments may be to facilitate production of hydrocarbon, such as crude oil or natural gas, from the subterranean formation. The treatments of the wellbore may treat the subterranean formation. A wellbore treatment may include to treat problematic sections of a wellbore. An example of a problematic section of a wellbore is a water zone in which water enters the wellbore from the hydrocarbon formation or underlying water aquifer. The influx of water into the wellbore during drilling and during the subsequent production of oil and gas can add cost. The production of water along with the oil and gas from the hydrocarbon formation can lead to surface processing of the water and injection of the water back into the hydrocarbon formation for disposal or pressure maintenance. Such processing and injection of water produced from the wellbore water zone causes increased costs of the oil and gas production.

Coated nanosand as relative permeability modifier


The invention starts with a wiper arm (10, 28; 42, 44) with at least one fan nozzle (20, 46, 70, 88) through which wash water is sprayed on an as-needed basis in a fan stream (22, 54, 76, 78, 90, 94, 98, 102, 106, 110, 114) onto a part of vehicle window (68) lying in the wiper direction (58, 59) in front of a wiper blade (16, 18; 36, 48), wherein the fan stream (22, 54, 76, 78, 90, 94, 98, 102, 106, 110, 114) hits the vehicle window (68) in the area of an impact line (24, 56, 80, 82, 92, 96, 100, 104, 108). It is proposed that the impact line (24, 56, 80, 82, 92, 96, 100, 104, 108) essentially runs parallel to the wiper blade (16, 18; 36, 48).

A wiper arm which has spray nozzles arranged on its articulated part or rather on a wiper rod connected as a single piece to the articulated part is known from DE 198 15 171 A1 These spray nozzles are located in a nozzle body, which is housed in an indentation of the articulated part with a spray opening for the spray stream or clipped in, projecting downward, in a lateral holding device on the wiper rod. Even two nozzle bodies can be provided, which are connected to one another by a rigid or flexible connecting piece. The nozzle bodies are easy to replace and are well protected against environmental influences.
Fan nozzles are also known, which generate a fan stream by the nozzle opening being embodied as a slot that the fan plane determines or by several nozzle outlets being arranged in a fan plane. The fan nozzles are arranged on the side of the wiper arm that points in the upward direction and its fan stream has a slight inclination toward the vehicle window, wherein the impact line of the fan stream on the vehicle window is inclined and runs at a considerable distance to the wiper blade. Therefore, the fan stream provides the air stream with a large contact surface so that it blows a great portion of the wash water over the vehicle window into the surrounding area. As a result, a relatively large amount of wash water is required, which increases costs and harms the environment, particularly if cleaning compounds and antifreeze agents have been added to the wash water as usually is the case.


Disclosed are a method and device for implementing a microwave device trusteeship. The method includes: a plurality of all-outdoor units (AOUs) are configured into a trusteeship mode; res the AOUs already configured into the trusteeship mode are respectively connected to the ports of the service units of an IP device; by accessing the IP device by the AOUs configured into a trusteeship mode, the connected AOUs are configured at the corresponding ports of the service unit of the IP device, and the virtual slot numbers of the connected AOUs are generated; and the IP device selects at least two AOUs from the plurality of AOUs already configured into a trusteeship mode to form a protection group, and sets a transmission unit number for each selected corresponding AOU, so as to virtually set each of the selected AOUs as a transmission unit of the IP device. The present invention enables a user to achieve the management of protection configuration, XPIC configuration, PLA configuration and other configurations, thereby achieving the unified management and quick configuration of all-outdoor devices, and facilitating the cooperative usage of the devices.

Microwave communication has played a pivotal role in the field of communications, and as a quick means of communication, plays an integral role in the mobile network. However, with the evolution of network technology, base stations gradually develop towards the direction of small coverage, high-density deployment, and large-capacity transmission.
The traditional split type microwave device is divided into two parts: an indoor unit and an outdoor unit, which are connected via an intermediate frequency to respectively achieve the baseband modulation and radio frequency transceiving functions. In this way, in the future large-scale deployment of the LTE, a lot of venues need to be rented, the installation is complex, and the power consumption of the device is large. To solve such problems, a device to integrate all of the baseband and modem units into an outdoor device unit emerged. Currently, this type of device can transmit all IP services, and if an IP service is accessed, the device can be directly connected to the base station to achieve "zero land occupation" all-outdoor installation; if various types of services are accessed, it needs to be used in conjunction with an IP transmission device to provide the transmission of a variety of services.
Currently, an all-outdoor device can be independently configured and managed, but in order to ensure the stability of the transmission service of the microwave device, the all-outdoor device needs to support various air interface configurations of the air interface service, including: 1+1HSB, 1+1HSB+SD, 1+1HSB+FD, 2+0XPIC, 2+0XPIC(PLA), 2+2XPIC+HSB, 2+2XPIC+HSB+SD. For these above-mentioned types of service models, two or more devices need to be used in conjunction, and configuration items between the devices need to be identical or have a certain corresponding relationship; in this case, if a way of independent configuration is used, it not only increases the complexity of the user configuration, but also is extremely easy to cause a configuration error situation, thus bringing inconvenience to the testing, installation and maintenance of the device. The present invention proposes a method for trusting an all-outdoor device to mainly solve this problem.

Method and device for implementing microwave device trusteeship


The present invention describes a lithium-substituted magnesium ferrite material based hydroelectric cell and process for preparation thereof. A novel galvanic cell process of generating electric current in distilled water by lithium substituted magnesium ferrite hydroelectric cell has been developed. A synthesis process of ferrite pellet having zinc anode and silver inert electrode has been developed. The material splits water molecules and conducts ions within porous ferrite. Split ions electrochemically react with electrodes and form zinc hydroxide at anode and hydrogen gas at silver electrode. This hydroelectric cell has generated 5 mA short circuit current and 950 mV open cell voltage. Current increased to 20 mA by thermally deposited Zn electrode on a ferrite pellet. The cell is very economical and highly sensitive towards electrolysis of water molecules. It is a green source for producing energy and has a potential to excel from existing electrochemical batteries.

Hazardous gases produced by petroleum and coal are major threats to earth's environment. There is a need for alternative green energy sources. Among green energy sources, solar cells and fuel cells are technologies that are growing fast. However, these energy sources are expensive and involve tedious manufacturing processes. The eighteenth century discovery of voltaic piles of zinc and silver disks interweaved with saturated electrolyte absorbent paper brought a revolution in portable power sources. Different combinations of electrodes and electrolytes were experimented. Since then electrochemical batteries are being abundantly used for generating energy by chemical reaction for low power consumption devices. Popular conventional secondary power sources that are used include lithium ion batteries, silver-zinc batteries, lead acid batteries, and alkaline batteries. Among all primary and secondary electrochemical batteries, a combination of electrodes with electrolytes are essential and specific to the power requirement. Modifications in electrode material for electrochemical cells are an ongoing process to improve life and performance of the cell. But electrolytes are still i-s a must for either dry or wet cell chemical reactions to proceed. To improve electrode performance various depolarizer materials have been invented. There are still areas for improvement in existing components and processes of conventional galvanic cells by making modifications in the methods and materials used.
Electrolysis cells with a solid synthetic polymer electrolyte for water dissolution are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,312,436, 4,039,409 and 4,057,479. The limitations for the dissociation of water molecules require bipolar plates with a continuous supply of electricity and water on both sides of the electrolyte membrane attached with a porous catalyst thereof. A tedious manufacturing process is involved in making such an electrolytic cell. Here in this invention a simple and easy hydroelectric cell consisting of a lithium substituted magnesium ferrite pellet with one side having a zinc plate as an anode and other side a silver comb electrode thereof with the ability to dissociate water molecules as well as to cause ion conduction similar to solid electrolyte.
An alkali metal electrode, an alkali ion-conduction membrane and a cathode for separating an alkali metal anode from a cathode are described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,323,817 B2, The limitation of the separation of an electrolyte from contacting and corroding an anode is the critical layer thickness of a porous and non-porous ion-conducting membrane. Another limitation of the described cell is well suited for seawater/marine devices only. Here a solid ceramic material consisting of electrodes of zinc and silver is serving as a water splitter and solid electrolyte for ion conduction. Another important feature of this material is that it can generate energy in pure water without adding any electrolyte.
Another galvanic seawater cell with an inert cathode electrode using oxygen in seawater as a depolarizer is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,427,871, WO89/11165, PTC/N090/0056. The limitations of these cells is that they required seawater and dissolved oxygen in the cells. The other disadvantage is that seawater contains other metal cations like magnesium, calcium, etc., and gets deposited on a cathode that degraded the performance of the cell. Here in this invention deionized water is used for the cell to generate electric energy. The use of deionised water decreases the probability of premature degradation of the cell due to metal cations on the electrodes, and decreases the performance of the cell.
Humidity sensitivity of Mg1-xLixFe2O4 (0.0<x<0.6) samples prepared by solid-state reaction of inorganic precursors MgSO4, LiNO3, Fe (NO3)3 9H2O, NaOH and NaCl have been described in SCI Journal Sensors And Actuators B 129 (2008) 909-914. The main drawback of the samples is the porosity of the samples is in the range 2.6 to 9.7%. Also NaOH was added to convert metal nitrates and sulfates into hydroxides, whereas NaCl restricted the growth of grains to keep the size as small as possible. Whereas, in the present invention, carbonates of magnesium and lithium and oxides of iron have been used to prepare the sample of porosity 32-38%. No other chemicals other than oxides and carbonates are required.
Ferrites compositions of the formula: LixMg0.5Ni0.5-2xFe2+xO4, where x=0.00 to 0.25 in steps of 0.05, are prepared by a standard double sintering method sintered at a temperature of 1200° C. in air for 6 hours have been described in Advanced Chemistry Letters, 1 (2), 104 (2013). The effect of nickel in magnetic and dielectric properties have been studied in said compound. The limitation of the compound is very high sintering temperature 1200° C. required to synthesize said compound. Porosity of the said compound is between 11-14%. Here, in the present invention, the sintering temperature is lower at 1000° C., and the porosity of the compound is in the range 32-38%.
In the present invention, a simple and easy energy generating cell based on water splitting by lithium substituted magnesium ferrite without adding any electrolyte and a collection of ions using a pair of zinc and silver electrodes has been proposed. The main feature is the ability to generate electrical energy for the time scale of several hours in deionized/ordinary water. In this invention, lithium substituted magnesium ferrite has been synthesized which can dissociate water molecules and allows ion conduction also. To collect the dissociated ions, zinc as an anode electrode and silver as an inert electrode are used on lithium substituted magnesium ferrite pellet. After dipping in deionized water, a 4 mA current and potential of 950 mV is developed across the hydroelectric cell and is stable for 10 minutes. The cell was stable at 0.3 mA and 800 mV even after 380 h. This cell can be reused after ultrasonic cleaning and drying. The output current has been increased to 40 mA and 950 mV for a larger 17 cm2 area cell. The byproducts of the cell reaction are zinc hydroxide and hydrogen gas, which can be further enhanced by a series of a combination of cells. A high purity zinc hydroxide precipitate which is then heated produces zinc oxide nanoparticles obtained by this cell reaction at the anode. As a result of the cell reaction, hydrogen gas is also produced at the inert electrode which can be collected for utilizing as a fuel. No hazardous byproducts are produced by this cell. Another important feature of this hydroelectric cell is the ability to generate economical green electrical energy. So it is a clean energy source with a cost effective price.

Lithium-substituted magnesium ferrite material based hydroelectric cell and process for preparation thereof

COUNCIL OF SCIENTIFIC & INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH