A pair of end plates disposed respectively at end faces of a battery stack are connected by bind bars and apply pressure to the battery stack to immobilize the battery stack. Each of the end plates includes a locking hole extending along a surface of the end plate. The end plate is fixed to a base plate by a fixing bolt inserted through the locking hole. The locking hole includes a deformation space that allows deformation of the fixing bolt when cell reaction force of the battery stack is caused.

A typical battery module includes a battery stack including a plurality of prismatic battery cells, a pair of end plates disposed respectively at end faces of the battery stack, and bind bars connecting the pair of end plates (refer to PTL 1). The battery stack of this battery module is bound by the end plates and the bind bars, so that expansion of the prismatic battery cells of the battery stack can be suppressed. In cases where this battery module is mounted to a vehicle or the like, the end plates are each fixed to a chassis of the vehicle by means of fixing bolts that are passed through the end plate along a surface of the end plate for the purpose of preventing binding parts from coming loose when the prismatic battery cells expand during charge and discharge, or when the battery module experiences vibration, impact and others from the vehicle running.

Battery module and vehicle equipped with same


A light-emitting device which includes a semiconductor layer; a first insulating layer over the semiconductor layer; a gate electrode and a first conductive layer over the first insulating layer; a second insulating layer over the gate electrode and the first conductive layer; source and drain electrodes and a second conductive layer over the second insulating layer; a third insulating layer over the source and drain electrodes and the second conductive layer; a first electrode and a third conductive layer over the third insulating layer; a planarization film covering an end portion of the first electrode; an electroluminescent layer over the first electrode; and a second electrode over the electroluminescent layer and the planarization film is provided. The second electrode is electrically connected to the third conductive layer through an opening portion provided in the planarization film. The opening portion overlaps with the first, second, and third conductive layers.

1. Field of the Invention
The technical field of the present invention relates to a light-emitting device, a display device (e.g., an EL display device or a liquid crystal display device), a semiconductor device, and the like.
2. Description of the Related Art
Patent Document 1 discloses a light-emitting device in which a pixel electrode is placed over a wiring, which is used for a pixel circuit, with an insulating layer provided therebetween.

Light-emitting device, display device, and semiconductor device

Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd.


A method for protecting a network having multiple network subscribers against a cyberattack, in which bits or bit sequences of a message are transmitted between the network subscribers in the network via different voltage levels on at least one transmission route of the network. For this purpose, at least one characteristic of the voltage levels or of the transmitted bits or bit sequences is actively modified in at least one of the network subscribers or on the at least one transmission route and the origin of the transmitted bits or of the at least one transmission route is determined on the basis of the at least one characteristic. The cyberattack on the network is detected or the cyberattack on the network is localized in the network as a function of the ascertained origin.

A method from WO2012/159940 A2 uses a fingerprint for characterizing a vehicle network in order to be able to ascertain a manipulation of the vehicle network. The fingerprint for this purpose is obtained in particular from a network configuration.
Patent document EP 2 433 457 B1 discusses a security system for vehicles as well as methods for intrusion detection as well as measures for reaction in the event that a respective cyberattack is ascertained.

Method for protecting a network against a cyberattack


A network resource access system for providing access by a user to network resources over a communications network, the system comprising: a resource registry including stored resource records associated with each of the network resources and a stored user profile containing a list of network resources such that the network resources have a ranking relative to each other based at least in part on user behavior with respect to usage of each of the network resources, the user profile associated with the user such that the list of network resources contains the network resources previously accessed by the user; and a resource service for receiving an access query from a network terminal identifying the user and associated with submission of application data for processing by a selected network resource from the list, the resource service further configured for accessing the user profile to identify a suggested network resource from the list in view of the relative ranking and for sending identification of the suggested network resource to the network terminal in response to the access query.

Local area networks are widely used as a mechanism for making available computer resources, such as file servers, scanners, and printers, to a multitude of computer users. Wide area networks, such as the Internet, have evolved as a mechanism for providing distributed computer resources without regard to physical geography. Recently, the Internet Print Protocol ("IPP") has emerged as a mechanism to control access to printing resources over the Internet.
However, there exists disadvantages in prior art systems for providing appropriate network resources to a user based on changing circumstances of the user, where those network resources can be accessible to the user via one or more extranets, intranets and/or different geographical locations. This problem of determining an appropriate network resource that is acceptable to the user for a given circumstance can be exacerbated by having to continually scan by the user's network terminal for available network resources when the user wishes to change from one network resource to another based on changes in user operation of the network terminal, such as change in physical location of the user, change in network location of the network terminal, etc.

System for suggesting network resource for use by a network terminal based on network resource ranking

Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.


A roof and rain gutter ice melt system and assembly provide a base panel and a cover panel. The base panel is functionally adapted to be mounted at a roof edge at the back wall of a conventional rain gutter. In one embodiment, the base panel also includes means for supporting a heat cable within it. Electrical energization of the heat cable results in the conduction of heat through the base panel and through the cover panel, the cover panel including means of overlapping and engaging the base panel. A second heat cable is disposed in the floor of the rain gutter. In an alternative embodiment, the heat cable is disposed within a roof edge panel. In either alternative embodiment, a front panel can be provided to allow the front lip of the rain gutter to be heated atop a metal gutter screen.

A number of static and dynamic factors can combine to create ice dams at the edge of a roof. Such factors include the way that the roof is constructed and insulated, both of which impact the amount of heat loss that is created at the roof edge via heat conduction and convection. Other factors typically include snowfall amounts, snow cover amounts, outside temperatures and radiation, or the exposure of the roof and roof edge to direct sunlight, or the absence of such exposure.
Where the factors mentioned above cannot be controlled, a roof and rain gutter ice melt system and assembly can be used to eliminate such ice dams, or to prevent creation of an ice dam in the first instance. In the experience of this inventor, a number of configurations have been used to accomplish the intended purpose of eliminating or preventing ice dams. Some configurations, though effective, are often complex in construction which makes them potentially expensive to fabricate and also expensive to install. Some configurations are also relatively expensive to operate due to inherent inefficiencies in the system or assembly.
In the view of this inventor, there is a need for a simplified system and assembly that provides the functionality of eliminating or preventing ice dams and that is also relatively simple in construction and installation. In the experience of this inventor, such a system and assembly exists and is the subject of the present invention.

Roof and rain gutter ice melt system and assembly


An ethylene-.alpha.-olefin copolymer comprising ethylene and an .alpha.-olefin having from 3 to 10 carbon atoms, the copolymer having an .alpha.-olefin content of from 1.0 to 8.0 mol %, a density of from 0.900 to 0.930 g/cm.sup.3, and a melt flow rate of from 0.1 to 100 g/10 min., the programed-temperature thermogram of said copolymer as determined with a differential scanning calorimeter after being completely melted and then gradually cooled showing an endothermic peak (a) in a range of from 75.degree. to 100.degree. C. and an endothermic peak (b) in a range of from 120.degree. to 140.degree. C., with the ratio of an endotherm at the endothermic peak (b), .DELTA.Hb, to an endotherm at the endothermic peak (a), .DELTA.Ha, i.e., .DELTA.Hb/.DELTA.Ha, being from 0.03 to 2.0. The copolymer provides a film exhibiting excellent physical properties required for packaging film.

Low-density polyethylene exhibits excellent water- and moisture-resistance, moderate softness, relatively good transparency, and relatively satisfactory strength and has therefore been used widely in the form of a film. In addition, since the low-density polyethylene is heat-sealable at temperatures of from a relatively low temperature and exhibits satisfactory heat-sealing strength, it is widespread as a single-layer packaging film or a packaging film laminate.
In recent years, a demand for a packaging film applicable to high-speed filling has been increasing. Speeding up of filling can be realized by speeding up of film delivery, reduction of heat-sealing time, and reduction of time of immediately from heat sealing to imposition of a load of a content on the sealed area. To this effect, a packaging film material is required to have nerve, to have low heat-sealing temperatures, and to exhibit satisfactory hot tack, i.e., to provide a sealed area that is not separated even when a load of a content is imposed thereon while being hot immediately after heat sealing. When composite films are produced by a lamination process, which is currently employed because it has a wide choice in the kind of film materials to be combined with and provides a composite film which can be beautifully printed, nerve of a low-density polyethylene film as a lamina is an important factor for achieving high-speed processing in that a lack of nerve easily causes wrinkles. Further, transparency and gloss are of importance for addition of a display effect to the content of package. Resistance to impact or tearing in any direction is also important as well for improving the essential packaging function of protection of the content.
Low-density polyethylene is divided into two large groups according to the process for production or molecular structure. One group is an ethylene polymer produced by free radical polymerization under high pressure and high temperature conditions, which essentially has short-chain branches and long-chain branches. It is considered that the short-chain branches and long-chain branches are formed through intramolecular rearrangement reaction and intermolecular rearrangement reaction, respectively, of a polymer radical under propagation. Since an .alpha.-olefin exhibits a high chain transfer constant in radical polymerization, it is present in a copolymerized state in high-molecular weight low-density polyethylene to be used as a synthetic resin in only a few proportion, if any. The other group is an ethylene-.alpha.-olefin copolymer produced by copolymerization in the presence of a transition metal catalyst, typically by a Ziegler process. By copolymerization with an .alpha.-olefin, short-chain branches whose carbon atom number is less than the .alpha.-olefin by two are formed, thereby decreasing the polymer density.
Generally having no long-chain branches, the latter polyethylene is called linear low-density polyethylene (L-LDPE). The former polyethylene has been simply called low-density polyethylene because it was invented before the latter, but will be hereinafter referred to as branched low-density polyethylene (B-LDPE) for distinction from L-LDPE.
In general, a high-molecular weight substance is a mixture of various molecules, and it is widely accepted that various physical properties very depending on a distribution mode of the molecules. Hence, analysis of the distribution mode, quantitative and structural elucidation of the relation between the distribution mode and various physical properties, and discoveries of high-molecular weight substances having a novel distribution mode and thereby exhibiting improved physical properties constitute one of the central subjects on high polymer science for both learning and industry.
With respect to low-density polyethylene, a molecular weight distribution and a distribution of short-chain branching coefficient are important factors for physical properties. It is known that B-LDPE has a broad molecular weight distribution and a relatively narrow short-chain branching coefficient distribution while L-LDPE generally has a relatively broad short-chain branching coefficient distribution as reported, e.g., in S. Hosoda, Polymer J., Vol. 20, p. 383 (1988). Since the short-chain branching in L-LDPE arises through copolymerization of an .alpha.-olefin as a comonomer, the short-chain branching coefficient distribution of L-LDPE is sometimes referred to as a comonomer distribution or (copolymerization) composition distribution.
There is an extensive literature concerning the relationship between the composition distribution and physical properties in L-LDPE. JP-B-56-21212 (the term "JP-B" as used herein means an "examined Japanese publication") is one of the earliest literatures pointing the importance of comonomer distribution in partially crystalline ethylene-.alpha.-olefin copolymers. According to the disclosure, an extruded film of a copolymer having uniform comonomer distribution among molecules is superior to that of a non-uniform copolymer in terms of haze, impact strength, and balance of physical properties between the machine direction and the cross direction as demonstrated in the working examples in which films obtained by blow molding of uniform or non-uniform copolymers having a melt index of around 2 and a density of around 0.919 are evaluated for physical properties. The copolymers having a uniform comonomer distribution used therein are obtained by copolymerizing ethylene and an .alpha.-olefin in the presence of a catalyst prepared by mixing a specific organic aluminum compound and a specific vanadium compound. It is also disclosed in this reference that uniformity of comonomer distribution can be distinguished by a relationship between density and melting point of the copolymer as depicted by the accompanying drawing. That is, the density of the uniform copolymer is lower than that of the non-uniform copolymer having the same comonomer content. The reference nevertheless gives no description about heat-sealing properties and hot tack as important properties of a low-density polyethylene film. Neither does it refer to utility as composite films. As illustrated in the Comparative Examples of the present specification hereinafter described, a uniform copolymer has an extremely narrow range of heat-sealing temperature within which satisfactory hot tack is obtained and is also insufficient in heat-sealability at low temperatures in spite of low rigidity. Notwithstanding the above-described relatively excellent properties, the uniform copolymer is of virtually no practical use as packaging film.
JP-A-59-66405 (the term "JP-A" as used herein means an "unexamined published Japanese patent application") discloses that a copolymer film comprising ethylene and an .alpha.-olefin having 4 or more carbon atoms and having plural melting points exhibits excellent heat-sealability at low temperatures and still possesses high heat resistance. All the copolymers described in the working examples of this reference have three melting points but their maximum melting point does not exceed 124.degree. C., with the minimum melting point being between 104.degree. C. and 106.degree. C. However, there is given no description of hot tack or utility as composite films.
JP-A-60-88016 describes that an ethylene-.alpha.-olefin random copolymer specified in composition distribution, branching coefficient distribution, randomness, DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) melting point, crystallinity, molecular weight distribution, etc. is excellent in mechanical characteristics, optical characteristics, anti-blocking properties, heat resistance, and low-temperature heat-sealability in a good balance. With respect to the composition distribution, it is made an essential condition that a composition distribution parameter derived from a specific means should not exceed a specific value, which condition means that the composition distribution must be sufficiently narrow. With respect to the DSC characteristics, it is essentially required that the maximum melting point should be in a specific range not high than 125.degree. C.; the difference between the maximum melting point and the minimum melting point should be in a specific range; the difference between the maximum melting point and the second maximum melting point should be in a specific range; and the quantity of heat of crystal fusion at the maximum melting point is below a specific ratio to the total quantity of heat of crystal fusion. These essential requirements imply that the copolymer is the non-uniform copolymer as designated in JP-B-46-21212 but should be near to the uniform copolymer. It is also described that the film properties, such as low-temperature heat-sealability, would be reduced if the maximum melting point exceeds 125.degree. C. or if the ratio of the quantity of heat of crystal fusion at the maximum melting point is too large. Moreover, there is found any description neither on hot tack nor on utility as composite films. Such an ethylene copolymer is unsatisfactory in film properties, such as low-temperature heat-sealability and hot tack, as shown in the Comparative Examples of the present specification hereinafter given.
Composition distribution is also changeable by uniformly mixing with an ethylene copolymer having a different comonomer content, inclusive of an ethylene homopolymer. In particular, an arbitrary composition distribution could be obtained, in principle, by mixing two or more uniform copolymers.
JP-B-57-37616 discloses a packaging polyolefin film comprising from 50 to 95 parts by weight, preferably from 70 to 90 parts by weight, of high-density polyethylene having a density of from 0.94 to 0.97 g/cm.sup.3 and from 5 to 50 parts by weight, preferably from 10 to 30 parts by weight, of a specific ethylene-1-butene random copolymer having a density of from 0.86 to 0.91 g/cm.sup.2, preferably from 0.88 to 0.90 g/cm.sup.3, which is obtained by copolymerization in the presence of a vanadium catalyst. The film disclosed, however, has considerably higher nerve (rigidity) as compared with a film comprising B-LDPE and therefore cannot be referred to as a low-density polyethylene film. The reference also refers to a film obtained from a mixture containing an ethylene-1-butene random copolymer (density: 0.889 g/cm.sup.3) in a proportion higher than the above-specified range so as to exhibit rigidity equal to a B-LDPE film, but such a film suffers from blocking to an unmeasurable extent. It gives no specific description concerning heat-sealing properties, neither does it on hot tack.
In order to meet the recently increasing demand for rapid packaging, packaging films are essentially required to have excellent heat-sealing properties, and particularly hot tack. They are additionally required to have transparency and gloss for increasing display effects and high impact strength and tearing strength in any direction for protection of the content, a primary function for use as packaging material as stated above. However, none of the state-of-the-art low-density polyethylene films satisfies these physical properties inclusively.

Ethylene-alpha-olefin copolymer and films obtained therefrom


A vehicle lighting control device that controls lighting of a plurality of LED units mounted on a vehicle including an electronic device, the vehicle lighting control device including: a plurality of converters that are connected to a power supply and transform a power supply voltage supplied from the power supply; an output circuit that is connected to an output of the converter and outputs a drive signal to the LED unit with a voltage transformed by the converter; and a processor that generates a plurality of switching signals and outputs the generated switching signals to the corresponding converters, wherein at least one of a rising timing and a falling timing differs between the plurality of switching signals output to the plurality of converters.

Conventionally, in drive of a turn signal (hereinafter, referred to as a winker) of a vehicle (for example, a motorcycle or an automobile), when a light source is an LED element, it is known that a drive circuit equipped with a converter is used. Since this converter transforms a power supply voltage by switching a switch at a switching frequency, in a radio band, a harmonic component of the switching frequency is superimposed as noise (hereinafter referred to as harmonic noise) on a radio sound. As a technique for reducing the harmonic noise, for example, Patent Literature 1 (JP 2016-131414 A) discloses a switching power supply that reduces the harmonic noise.

SHINDENGEN ELECTRIC MANUFACTURING CO., LTD.


A wye-type air-core gauge system provides magnitude indications of measurands in response to PWM signals generated by a control unit that receives electrical signals from a sensor that represents magnitude variations of the measurand. The size of the stator coils of the gauge makes possible a very low profile gauge suitable for mounting in an instrument cluster.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to novel air-core gauges employing magnetic field techniques, and particularly to air-core gauges and magnetic field techniques therefor which control orienting radially magnetized rotors over an infinite number of angular displacements using wye type stator windings.
2. Description of the Prior Art
A problem exist in the prior art in forming low profile air-core gauges for installation in instrument panels and dash boards of various structures and equipment. Most aircore gauges employ cross-coil arrangements whereby one cross coil affects interaction with the magnetic rotor differently than the other cross coil since the magnetic proximity to the rotor of the two coils differ Reissued U.S. Pat. No. Re. 32,604 dated Feb. 16, 1988 of A.L. Reenstra describes such a coil arrangement Such a coil arrangement appears to not address the issue of providing a low profile gauge for the various equipments since the bulky sizes of the gauges remain.
A co-pending application of P. Markow et al., Ser. No. 07/431,130, entitled "Radial Air-core Gauge" filed Nov. 3, 1989 teaches a low profile air-core gauge having 90 degree stator windings. Such an arrangement yields interchangeable radial coils which equally affect interaction with the magnetic rotor. Such an arrangement virtually eliminates any positional errors due to unbalanced stator winding fields This gauge provides a low profile instrument which gives the instrument panel designer more space in which to work.
However, a need exists for even further reduction in size of the gauge and for the type of gauge that uses simpler and cheaper control drivers. A search was initiated to find such an air-core gauge device. That search ended in the device of the present invention.

Wye winding radial air-core gauge system


Techniques are provided for using machine learning techniques to associate skills with different content. In one technique, multiple classifications models are trained. Each classification model corresponds to a different skill and is trained based on textual embeddings of a plurality of content items and labels indicating whether each content item is associated with the skill that corresponds to that classification model. A particular content item embedding is generated based on text from a particular content item. The particular content item embedding is applied to the classification models to generate multiple results. One or more results of the multiple results are identified that indicate that one or more corresponding skills are associated with the particular content item. For each result of the one or more results, skill tagging data are stored that associate the particular content item with a particular skill that corresponds to that result.

The Internet has allowed the proliferation of knowledge to accelerate in multiple ways. One of those ways includes a media sharing platform where content providers can upload their respective media items (e.g., video, audio) to the media sharing platform and end users can navigate to that platform to view the content using their respective computing devices (e.g., laptop, smartphone, etc.). However, with hundreds, thousands, and even tens of thousands of media items to choose from, it is difficult for users to know which media items are the most relevant. Also, it is difficult for the media sharing platform to know which media items to suggest to different users. Techniques have been developed to attempt to learn which media items are related to each other based on common consumption by various users. While such techniques are better than randomly guessing which media items to suggest to a user, the results of those techniques still suffer from relatively low user interaction.
The approaches described in this section are approaches that could be pursued, but not necessarily approaches that have been previously conceived or pursued. Therefore, unless otherwise indicated, it should not be assumed that any of the approaches described in this section qualify as prior art merely by virtue of their inclusion in this section.

Machine learning for associating skills with content


The embodiments described herein include scanners that can provide improved scanning laser devices. Specifically, the embodiments described herein provide scanners with a modular construction that includes one or more separately formed piezoelectric actuators coupled to a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) scan plate, flexure structures, and scanner frame. Such modular scanners can provide improved scanning laser devices, including scanning laser projectors and laser depth scanners, LIDAR systems, 3D motion sensing devices, gesture recognition devices, etc.

In scanning laser devices, laser light is reflected off one or more scanners to generate a scanning pattern. For example, in scanning laser projectors, images are projected by scanning laser light into a pattern with a scanning mirror, with individual pixels generated by modulating the laser light. Similarly, laser depth scanners generate depth maps by scanning laser light into a pattern with a scanning mirror and measuring the laser light reflected back.
High performance laser scanning devices typically require scanners that have relatively low distortion in the scanning surface, relatively large scanning angles, and sufficient scanning frequency. Additionally, it can be desirable for scanners to have relatively low power requirements and relatively low cost to manufacture.
For example, as a scanning surface rotates forces are applied to the scanning mirror and these forces can cause distortions in the mirror surface. Furthermore, as mirror rotation angles and/or speed have increased in modern devices the forces applied to the mirror have also increased. These increased forces can result in increased distortions in the mirror surface. As another example, some scanning mirror designs require complex structures and shapes. Unfortunately, such designs can lead to increased manufacturing complexity, which can reduce yield and increase device costs.
Thus, there remains a continuing need for scanners that can provide high performance with low device cost.

Microelectromechanical (MEMS) scanners for scanning laser devices


A safety controller for controlling an automated installation has a control unit to which a plurality of control input signals are supplied from the sensors of the installation. The control unit produces a plurality of control output signals on the basis of the control input signals in accordance with a user program running in said control unit in an automatic mode. The plurality of control output signals actuate the actuators. The safety controller also has a diagnosis evaluation unit that ascertains which one of a plurality of operating states is present at a defined instant of time and produces an operating state signal which represents the ascertained operating state. A diagnosis selection unit generates a diagnosis report as a function of the operating state signal and as a function of a user access authorization signal and/or a special operating mode signal. The diagnosis report representing the ascertained operating state thus varies depending on specific circumstances, such as a certain user access authorization or a certain operating mode.

The present invention relates to a safety controller and to a method for controlling an automated installation which comprises a plurality of sensors and a plurality of actuators.
A safety controller in terms of the present invention is an appliance or an apparatus which receives input signals delivered by sensors and produces output signals therefrom by means of logic combinations and sometimes further signal or data processing steps. The output signals can then be supplied to actuators, which effect specific actions or reactions in the environment on the basis of the input signals.
A preferred area of application for safety controllers of this kind is in the field of machine safety for monitoring emergency-off pushbuttons, two-hand controllers, guard doors or light grids. Such sensors are used in order to safeguard a machine, for example, which presents a hazard to humans or material goods during operation. When the guard door is opened or when the emergency-off pushbutton is operated, a respective signal is produced which is supplied to the safety controller as an input signal. In response thereto, the safety controller then uses an actuator to shut down, for example, that part of the machine which is presenting the hazard.
In contrast to a "normal" controller, a characteristic of a safety controller is that the safety controller always ensures a safe state of the installation or machine presenting the hazard even if a malfunction occurs in it or in a device connected to it. Extremely high demands are therefore made of safety controllers in terms of their own failsafety, which results in considerable complexity for development and manufacture.
Usually, safety controllers require particular approval by competent supervisory authorities, such as by the professional associations or the TÜV in Germany, before they are used. In this case, the safety controller must observe prescribed safety standards as set down, by way of example, in the European Standard EN 954-1 or a comparable Standard, such as Standard IEC 6158 or Standard EN ISO 13849-1. In the following, a safety controller is therefore understood to mean a device or an arrangement which at least complies with safety category 3 of the cited European Standard EN 954-1.
A programmable safety controller allows the user to individually define the logic combinations and possibly further signal or data processing steps according to his needs using a piece of software, what is known as the user program. This results in a great deal of flexibility in comparison with earlier solutions, in which the logic combinations were produced by defined wiring between various safety devices. By way of example, a user program can be written using a commercially available personal computer (PC) and using appropriately set-up software programs.
The detection of malfunctions is of central importance in the field of safety control. This is because it is necessary to ensure that a controlled machine or installation is transferred to a safe state when a malfunction occurs.
Besides the actual detection of a malfunction and the triggering of appropriate countermeasures which are used to transfer the controlled machine or installation to a safe state, it is also important to provide, by way of example, the user of the controlled machine or installation or another person with information about a malfunction which is present. To this end, safety controllers and methods in the prior art display a diagnosis report which represents a malfunction using a display unit when a malfunction occurs. In this case, the diagnosis report displayed is merely dependent on the malfunction which has been ascertained by an appropriate diagnosis unit. There is no provision in this context for different diagnosis reports to be displayed for one and the same malfunction. There is therefore no opportunity, in the event of a malfunction occurring, to adjust the diagnosis report to be displayed in order to match external circumstances, for example. In this connection, an external circumstance is a circumstance which is defined neither by the user program itself stored in the safety controller nor by a variable which is processed as an input variable in the user program.
The detection of a malfunction corresponds to ascertaining which of a plurality of system states for a safety controller is present at a defined instant of time.
The above considerations apply not only to the detection of malfunctions and hence to the ascertainment of system states for a safety controller, but also to the ascertainment of process states for an installation or machine to be controlled. In this case too, the safety controllers and methods from the prior art do not allow to adjust a diagnosis report to external circumstances, when a process state has been ascertained.
Although the known safety controllers and methods ensure reliable ascertainment of system states for a safety controller and of process states for an installation to be controlled, they are not yet optimal for the conveyance of information, i.e. for the conveyance of that information which represents the ascertained system states and process states.

Safety controller and method for controlling an automated installation


An electromagnetic wave absorber (1a) includes a resistive layer (10), an electrically conductive layer (20) and a dielectric layer (30). The electrically conductive layer (20) has a sheet resistance lower than a sheet resistance of the resistive layer (10). The dielectric layer (30) is disposed between the resistive layer (10) and the electrically conductive layer (20). The electromagnetic wave absorber (1a) has a first slit (15). The first slit (15) extends, in the resistive layer (10), from a first principal surface (10a) distal to the dielectric layer (30) toward the dielectric layer (30) in a direction perpendicular to the first principal surface (10a) and divides the resistive layer (10) into a plurality of first blocks (17). Each of the first blocks (17) has a minimum dimension (D1) of 2 mm or more at the first principal surface (10a).

In recent years, electromagnetic waves in a range of millimeter waves (having a wavelength of about 1 to 10 mm and a frequency of 30 to 300 GHz) and quasi-millimeter waves have been used as information communication media. Such electromagnetic waves have been used in, for example, an anti-collision system that is installed in a vehicle so as to detect obstacles to automatically put on the brakes, or measure the speed of vehicles around the vehicle equipped with the system and distance between the vehicle and another vehicle to control the speed of the vehicle and distance between the two vehicles. To allow such an anti-collision system to normally operate, reception of as few unnecessary electromagnetic waves as possible is important for prevention of false recognition. Therefore, an electromagnetic wave absorber to absorb unnecessary electromagnetic waves is usually used in such an anti-collision system.
There are various types of the electromagnetic wave absorbers classified according to their principles of electromagnetic wave absorption. It is known, for example, that an electromagnetic wave absorber (hereinafter referred to as a "λ/4 electromagnetic wave absorber") provided with an electromagnetic wave reflective layer (an electrically conductive layer), a dielectric layer having a thickness equivalent to λ/4 (λ is a wavelength of an electromagnetic wave to be absorbed) and a resistive film layer (a resistive layer) can be produced at a low cost owing to relatively inexpensive materials and ease of design. For example, Patent Literature 1 proposes an electromagnetic wave absorber that exhibits an excellent property of functioning in a wide incident angular range as such a λ/4 electromagnetic wave absorber.
Additionally, Patent Literature 2 describes a λ/4 electromagnetic wave absorber having a flexural rigidity set to 300 MPa·mm4 or less. By having a flexural rigidity set to 300 MPa·mm4 or less, the electromagnetic wave absorber described in Patent Literature 2 can be attached to and along a curved face, for example.

Electromagnetic wave absorber, article with electromagnetic wave absorber, and method for manufacturing electromagnetic wave absorber


Techniques for provisioning electronic devices that may not have a local provisioning agent (LPA), such as Internet of Things (IoT) devices, to a mobile network of a mobile network operator (MNO), are discussed herein. The IoT devices and/or the associated embedded subscriber identity module (eSIM) may have one or more device profile templates stored thereon, where individual ones of the device profile templates are associated with a particular MNO. A device provisioning system of an MNO may provision the IoT device in a machine-to-machine (M2M) manner over the air (OTA) by communicating, such as via a radio node, one or more configuration parameters to the IoT device. The IoT device may identify a device profile template associated with the MNO to which the IoT device is to be provisioned and configure that device profile template based at least in part on the configuration parameters received from the device provisioning system.

With the proliferation of mobile electronic devices, such as Internet of Things (IoT) devices, there is increased need to remotely provision these mobile electronic devices to communicate over a mobile communications network. Often times, the mobile electronic devices, to be provisioned for operating on a mobile network operator (MNO), may not be configured to be provisioned via a user interface or from a website or other pre-existing connection from where a device profile may be downloaded to the electronic device. In these cases, the mobile electronic devices, such as IoT devices, may be provisioned over the air (OTA), such as by using short message service (SMS) messaging. Provisioning IoT and other devices OTA using SMS and other segmented and/or low bandwidth communications mechanisms may be slow and/or error prone.

Over the air provisioning of embedded subscriber identification module devices


An attachment for a front end loader that provides a method and apparatus for ripping solid ground that includes a hollow tube mounted between the arms of a front end loader directly behind the bucket. The hollow tube is slidably mounted on a solid shaft. Closely machined bushings are welded and braced on support brackets on the inside bottom surface of the arms of the loader. These closely machined bushings are adapted to receive the shaft which extends from the ends of the hollow tube. Ripper brackets are welded to the exterior surface of the hollow tube. On the end of each ripper bracket are mounted ripper teeth in a manner such that the pointed ends of the teeth are pointing towards the rear of the front end loader. Connecting rods are attached to both the hollow tube and the loader bucket. When the bucket is tilted toward the operator the hollow tube rotates downward to a ripping position. When the bucket is leveled the hollow tube rotates upward lifting the ripping teeth up and away from the ground surface. Braces are fixed to the hollow tube and blocks are mounted on the brackets to receive the strain of a ripping operation. To begin a ripping operation, the operator tilts the bucket toward the operator, rotating the ripping teeth downward and backs up. To cease a ripping operation, the operator stops and tilts the bucket downward away from the operator to a level position.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to attachments for front end loaders and more particularly to attachments used in ripping pavement or the surface of the ground.
2. Related Art
There are several types of ripping attachments in the present art for ripping pavement or any solid ground surface to allow further excavating or replacement. In general, prior art has several deficiencies, two of which center around the method in which the ripping is normally done.
First, most ripping attachments are mounted in conjunction with the bucket of the front end loader. This arrangement puts excessive strain on the bucket, using it for a task for which it was not designed. The bucket, while being capable of digging into ground, was not designed to rip into pavement or concrete.
Second, The ripping attachments are used in the forward direction. When the front end loader is being used in conjunction with a ripper attachment, operating it in the forward direction limits the duration for which it is used. In going forward while ripping, materials such as rocks and other debris accumulate in the bucket and must be emptied from time to time.
Some United States patents that are indicative of the state of the art are as follows.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,151,664, titled xe2x80x9cRipper Attachment for Backhoe or Front End Loaderxe2x80x9d, issued to Nicholas Maura, relates to an attachment which, for a backhoe bucket, includes a pair of connected rippers attached to the inside of the bucket and for a front end loader, at least three connected rippers attached inside the bucket. The rippers are attached by pins to the sides and upper bottom portion of the bucket. The earth engaging ends of the rippers are above the bucket edge so that the rippers will dislodge earth which subsequently falls into the bucket and the bucket edge can be used for the finish work without ripper interference.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,564,885, titled xe2x80x9cMultipurpose Work Attachment for a Front End Loaderxe2x80x9d, issued to Frank P. Staben, Jr., relates to a work attachment for a front end loader of the type having hydraulically actuated frame arms for supporting and manipulating a work attachment at the front of the vehicle. The work attachment includes a scoop or bucket in combination with a laterally extending row of ripper teeth mounted at the lower edge of the bucket and adapted for hydraulic actuation between an upper stored position and a downwardly extending deployed position for ripping earth upon vehicle movement in a reverse direction. The teeth are also used for retaining and locking and auxiliary attachment such as a fork lift unit onto the bucket. Additionally, an hydraulically actuated grapple hook can be mounted onto the bucket for use in combination with the bucket and fork lift unit.
The main problem with this device is that all the digging strain is put on the bucket and the hydraulics which actuate the ripper teeth. This arrangement was designed to work on the small skid-steer front end loaders marketed by Melroe Company under the trademark BOBCAT. Although it may be suitable these light duty front end loaders, its design is unsuitable for heavy equipment, such as that used in highway repair and construction.
The present invention provides a solution to the deficiencies of prior art in a method and apparatus for ripping solid ground or even pavement. As an apparatus, the present invention includes an attachment for a front end loader which includes a hollow tube mounted on a shaft between the arms of a front end loader directly behind the bucket of the loader. Closely machined bushings are welded and braced on the inside bottom surface of metal brackets fixed to the arms of the loader. These closely machined bushings are adapted to receive the shaft which is longer than the tube which covers it and extends out from the ends of the hollow tube. Ripper brackets are welded to the exterior surface of the hollow tube. Ripper teeth are mounted on the end of each bracket in a manner such that the pointed ends of the teeth are pointing towards the rear of the front end loader. Connecting rods are attached to both the exterior cylindrical surface of the hollow tube and the back surface of the loader bucket. When the bucket is tilted toward the operator, the hollow tube, through the operation of the connecting rods, rotates downward to a ripping position. Stops are welded on the metal brackets fixed to the arms of the front end loader and operate in cooperation with flanges mounted on the outer periphery of the ends of the hollow tube. When the bucket is tilted upward, the hollow tube rotates downward until the flanges come in contact with the stops. The bucket carrying the attachment having the ripping teeth, may be lowered to place the ripping teeth in contact with the ground. At this time the pointed ends of the ripping teeth are directed toward the ground and the back of the front end loader. The stops welded on the arms in cooperation with the flanges on the hollow tube receive the strain of a ripping operation.
To disengage, the bucket and ripping teeth may be raised by the front end loader arms. The bucket is then tilted to the level position. When the bucket is level the connecting rods force the hollow tube to rotate upward lifting the ripping teeth up and away from the ground surface.
To begin a ripping operation, the operator tilts the bucket upward, rotating the ripping teeth downward. The front end loader arms are lowered and the ripping teeth come in contact with the ground surface and can even be forced into the surface, whether solid ground or pavement. The operator then places the front end loader in reverse and backs up. Because of the configuration of the ripping teeth and the bucket, the operator may back up any distance required without having to stop and empty the bucket.
To cease a ripping operation, the operator stops the front end loader and lifts the arms. This lifts the bucket and ripping teeth. The operator tilts the bucket downward to a level position, which directs the points of the ripping teeth upward and away from the ground so that the operator may now perform smoothing or leveling work.
The present invention provides an apparatus for attachment to the arms of a front end loader having a front bucket that has machined bushings welded and braced on metal brackets fixed to the side of the front end loader arms. A hollow tube is mounted on a shaft between the arms with the shaft adapted to attach to the machined bushings. Ripper brackets are mounted to the outside of the hollow tube and ripping teeth are fixed to the end of each of the ripper brackets. Connecting rods are attached to the hollow tube and the bucket of the front end loader. The shaft is configured to extend from the ends of the hollow tube into the machined bushings. Stops are welded on the metal brackets on the arms of the front end loader to butt against welded members on the ends of the hollow tube when the bucket is tilted upward. These stops prevent contact between the riper brackets on the hollow tube and the bucket.
The present invention also provides a method for ripping a ground surface using a front end loader having a bucket that includes attaching a hollow tube having brackets with ripper teeth mounted thereon between the arms of the front end loader. The hollow tube is secured to the bucket so that the hollow tube moves in conjunction with the bucket. Stops are fixed to the arms of the front end loader to prevent contact between the brackets and the bucket. The bucket is tilted upward causing the ripper teeth to point downward and toward the back of the front end loader. The front end loader arms are lowered and the front end loader is backed up. To cease operation, the front end loader is stopped, the front end loader arms are lifted and the bucket is tilted downward to the level position causing the ripper teeth to point upward away from the ground surface.


A mobile terminal device includes a processing circuit and a receiver circuit. The processing circuit is configured to determine if a multimedia data stream associated with a mobile communication network is received, identify a set of reception timing occasions of the multimedia data stream, and calculate an alternate radio measurement schedule based on the set of reception timing occasions. The receiver circuit is configured to receive the multimedia data stream and perform one or more radio measurements according to the alternate radio measurement schedule if the multimedia data stream is received while the mobile terminal device is in an idle radio connection state, and perform one or more radio measurements according to a default radio measurement schedule if no multimedia data stream is received while the mobile terminal device is in the idle radio connection state.

Mobile terminals operating according to Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standards may be required to continuously perform radio measurements of various access points in a wireless communication network, such as radio measurements on signals received from a serving cell or one or more neighboring cells. The radio measurements may be required in both connected modes of operation (such as RRC_Connected mode in a Long Term Evolution (LTE) configuration or CELL_DCH mode in a Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems (UMTS) configuration), where the mobile terminal has an active two-way connection with the wireless communication network, and idle modes of operation (such as RRC_Idle mode in an LTE configuration or CELL_PCH mode in a UMTS configuration), where the mobile terminal is substantially only receiving basic information (such as e.g. limited control and/or paging information) from the wireless communication network.
Mobile terminals may be required to perform intra-frequency, inter-frequency, and inter-RAT (Radio Access Technology) measurements in both connected and idle modes. As inter-frequency and inter-RAT measurements may require substantial adjustment in operation for reception of wireless signals, a single-receiver mobile terminal may not be able to continue receiving downlink information during inter-frequency and inter-RAT measurements. Accordingly, measurement gap patterns may be provided in order to allocate use of the receiver between downlink reception and radio measurement over time.
3GPP has specified such measurement gap patterns for use in both connected mode and idle mode. In RRC_Idle mode in an LTE configuration, a mobile terminal may implement a DRX (Discontinuous Reception Cycle) cycle during which downlink reception is suspended for relatively lengthy continuous intervals of time to allow inter-frequency and inter-RAT measurements to be performed. In RRC_Connected mode, a mobile terminal may implement a measurement gap pattern, during which inter-frequency and inter-RAT measurements are accomplished by temporarily suspending downlink reception to according to a set period in order to perform relatively short radio measurements.
A mobile terminal may thus be able to maintain sufficient downlink reception for conventional unicast data traffic in both connected mode and idle mode by performing radio measurements according to a respective DRX cycle or measurement gap pattern.

Mobile terminal devices and methods of performing radio measurements


Color filter arrays containing one or more colors for liquid crystal displays and other optoelectronic devices are made by using a laser to ablate portions of a coating on either a colored or transparent substrate. Color filter materials are placed into the ablated openings and cured. The number of laser ablated openings in the coated substrate varies, depending on the quantity and types of colors desired.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a color filter array, particularly one used in flat panel color displays such as liquid crystal display devices, and other optoelectric devices.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Liquid crystal displays (LCD) and other flat panel display devices (FPD) are known for monochrome digital display in, for example, electronic calculators, clocks, household appliances, audio equipment, etc. There has been a need to introduce a color display capability into such monochrome display devices. The need arises particularly for applications such as peripheral terminals using various kinds of equipment involving phototube display, mounted electronic display, or TV-image display.
Although previous attempts have been made to introduce a color array into these devices, none of the color arrays for flat panel display devices so far proposed have been acceptable in meeting all the users needs. Materials and methods used to fabricate, for example, a red, green and blue (RGB) color filter array, for full color displays, in the past have included gelatin dyeing, dyed polyimide, pigmented polyimide and pigmented acrylates, applied by photolithographic printing and electrodeposition. However, these methods have low yields and throughput in high definition photolithographic application. Color filter materials add 32.2% to the cost of LCD production. Added to the expense of such materials is the fact that their shelf stability is not good.
In conventional gelatin dyeing a negative photolithographic imaging method is employed. The color display is made by photosensitizing a gelatin layer, exposing the layer to a pattern of light shining through a mask, developing the pattern, hardening the gelatin in the exposed areas, and washing to remove the unexposed gelatin. The pattern of gelatin thus produced is then colored by the first dye solution of the desired array. The pattern is then recoated with gelatin and the above steps are repeated for each additional color desired. This method contains many labor-intensive steps, requires careful alignment, separate protective coatings, and is time-consuming and unduly expensive. Further details of the gelatin dyeing process are exemplified in U.S. Pat. No. 4,081,227.
Another photolithographic method for making a color filter array is directed to dying polyimides as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,876,165. The method includes making the color filter array by positive-imaging photolithography. This technique deals with a positive photoresist patterning process where the exposed region, rather than the re-exposed region, is washed away leaving a pattern produced from raised lines rather than by negative recesses. The use of soluble dyes, dissolved in the polyimide, produces a homogeneous coating. This homogeneous coating enhances color uniformity. The polyimide matrix provides high thermal stability (to 230.degree. C.), rendering the final color filter compatible with indium tin oxide (ITO) processes. A coplanar pixel display may be produced by patterning one level and then overcoating polyimide for patterning of the next level.
A similar dyed polyimide to make a color filter array is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,176,971 by use of photolithographic processes disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,147,844, U.S. Pat. No. 5,166,125, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,166,126 and by thermally transferring the dyes.
In Japanese Pat. No. 8493679 pigmented polyimide color filter materials are employed. In a number of Japanese patents, e.g. JP04330405A, JP 9191260, JP 831216, JP 60129739, and JP 92037987, pigmented dispersions are used as the color filter materials. In these methods photolithographic processing is the typical technique for making color filter arrays.
Off-set printing has also been used in panel display manufacturing to make color filter arrays for low end application, but are of low quality. Non-photolithographic methods for making color filter arrays are, for example, electrodeposition and vacuum deposition. These methods are not as common in manufacturing color filter arrays.
Another method for non-photolithographic color filter array manufacture in a liquid crystal display device is described in EPA No. 246,334. This method employs a porous membrane to contain dyes which are transferred by heat under reduced pressure using a metal mask. The dyes are transferred from a donor layer, to a receiver layer through an air gap formed therein between. This technique yields insufficiently sharp images. The drawback is characteristic of dye receiver materials.
In photolithographic processes, a minimum of eight (8) steps per color layer is required. Therefore, it requires at least thirty-two steps to make a full color filter array which would include three RGB color layers plus a black matrix. The multiplicity of steps in photolithographic processing results in low yield and throughput. For example if there is a 95% yield for each step, the final yield is only 19% for a 32-step process. In order to obtain an 80% final yield, the yield must be greater than 99.3% in each step. The best final yield to date for photolithographic display processes has been approximately 50%.
The high number of process steps resulting in low throughput and excessive equipment and extra labor are not the only problem. Also, the chemicals involved in this process may pose environmental problems, stemming from hazardous waste by-products.
In addition, color filter arrays used for flat panel devices are required to undergo severe heating during treatment and processing. For example, a transparent electrode layer, such as indium tin oxide (ITO), is usually vacuum sputtered onto the color filter array at temperatures as high as 300.degree. C., and over a period of one hour or more. This is followed by coating with a thin alignment layer. The surface of the alignment layer which contacts the liquid crystals may require rubbing or curing for several hours at an elevated temperature. Such treatment steps threaten the colored filter material of the array, especially those with a gelatin matrix.
The individual color regions or pixel regions created by the above methods range in size from 20 to 600 .mu.m square.
Laser Ablation has been discussed in the prior art although not in the manufacturing of color filter arrays. U.S. Pat. No. 5,061,341 discloses a method of laser marking plastic articles. The method comprises a series of contrasting color plastic coatings. The laser ablates the upper layer enabling a message to be seen clearly. U.S. Pat. No. 4,624,736 discloses a method for using a laser to etch and deposit material on a substrate. The method uses a laser and a reactive gas near the substrate to modify the substrate. U.S. Pat. No. 4,877,644, discloses a method for treating a resist covered metal substrate so as to allow for easier removal of portions of the resist from the substrate surface. U.S. Pat. No. 4,478,677, discusses a method to etch glass to facilitate the mounting of high density circuit chips. The laser is used to excite the glass which in turn activates a gas that etches the glass substrate. U.S. Pat. No. 4,925,523, reveals a method to use two lasers to improve ultraviolet laser ablation. Finally, U.S. Pat. No. 5,170,191, is a method using laser ablation to shape an optical surface, specifically like soft contact lenses.
Laser ablation has been researched on a variety of polymers. Excimer lasers have been used to pattern polyvinylidene difluoride complex lines as narrow as 20 .mu.m, see Gauthier, M. et all, "Excimer laser thin metallic film patterning on polyvinylidene difluoride". Photoetching of a number of polymeric materials including poly(methyl-methacrylate) (PMMA), poly vinylacetate (PVA), poly (.alpha.-methyl styrene) (PS), poly (tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE), polyproylene (PP), nitrocellulose, copolymer styrene allyl alcohol (SAA) and polymer-monomer mixture PVA plus 25 wt % biphenyl carbonitrile has been measured, see Liu, Y. et al, "Photoetching of Polymers with Excimer Lasers". This document included measurements of photoetch rates, analysis of optical absorption coefficients, and etch depth per pulse. Rates of photoetching were found to be dependent upon the optical absorption coefficient of polymeric materials and upon chemical structures of the polymer itself. Apparently exposed materials are modified by the initial laser pulses and then are etched away by continued exposure to the radiation. The etch rate (etched material per pulse) at a given exposure condition was thought to follow Beer's law. The basis of the technique is the well known process of ablative photodecomposition which was first mentioned in the literature in 1982. When organic polymers are exposed to laser light with sufficient photon energy and photon flux, they can undergo a transition to the gas phases so suddenly that the thermal effect on the surrounding material is minimal. Both photochemical and photothermal mechanism are thought to be factors depending on the material and the process conditions, see Srinivasan, R. et al, "Ultraviolet laser ablation of polyimide films".

Method of manufacturing a color filter array


Apparatuses and systems comprising an additive manufacturing device and an associated terahertz inspection device for inspecting additively deposited layers in real time during or immediately following material deposition and parts made and inspected by the apparatuses and systems and their associated methods are disclosed herein.

Additive manufacturing (equivalently referred to herein as "AM") is the broad term encompassing computer assisted 3-D printing techniques. The term "3-D printing" originally referred to a process that deposits a binder material onto a powder bed with inkjet printer heads layer-by-layer. More recently, the term is being used in popular vernacular to encompass a wider variety of additive manufacturing techniques. United States and global technical standards use the term "additive manufacturing" in this broader sense to connote manufacturing systems for producing three-dimensional (equivalently referred to herein as "3D") parts that are typically first fashioned digitally on a computer. For example, standard ISO/ASTM52900-15 defines seven categories of AM processes within its meaning: binder jetting, directed energy deposition, material extrusion, material jetting, powder bed fusion, sheet lamination and vat photopolymerization.
The field of additive manufacturing has progressed to allow for layer-by-layer deposition of various materials. In many instances, additive manufacturing has proven useful in the manufacture of one-off parts including, for example, parts used as prototypes, or other customized parts that may or may not lead to mass production. However, the use of additive manufacturing techniques to make certain parts (e.g., load-bearing or structural parts) has not been accepted or even approved by certain standards, especially where inspections for quality and safety are required. The lack of accepted inspection techniques for additively manufactured parts, including additively manufactured parts used as load-bearing parts or other structural parts (e.g., additively manufactured parts requiring inspection and certification), has hampered the advancement of additively manufacturing structural parts.

Terahertz inspection for additively manufactured materials


This invention, designed primarily for teachers, is a computer based self-teaching instructional device covering the sound patterns of American English and covering sounds in words all the way from cat to tetrahydrocannabinal. Teachers can create their own lesson plans and enhance their student""s work learning experiences by the us e of both aural inputs and visual displays.

The invention described herein is a personal computer based instructional program on the sound patterns of American English. Teachers are the anticipated primary users. Teachers can use the program in a self-teaching fashion to discover a variety of facts about word sounds and structure perhaps not already known or to refresh those facts on the subject that were once well known. After teachers become acquainted with the program operation and information, they can use it as an instructional tool for their students. Hereafter, the invention is alternately referred to as the LearnWords Device.
Formal education in the sound patterns of American English starts in the first grade when a student is introduced to written letters and proceeds throughout all academic levels. The various phases of acquiring sound pattern knowledge are summarized below:
1. Phonemic awarenessxe2x80x94Making a first grade student aware that the sound of a word can be subdivided into smaller units. For example, that the word cat(kat) consists of three sounds: an initial sound, |k|; a middle sound, |a|; and a final sound, |t|.
2. Grapheme awarenessxe2x80x94A child must be taught about lettersxe2x80x94the alphabetxe2x80x94and that words can be represented by letter combinations.
3. Alphabetic awarenessxe2x80x94Informing the child of the relationship between the sounds of a word and the letters of a word. This relationship is known as the alphabetic principle.
4. Phonetic awarenessxe2x80x94The student is instructed in various consonant and vowel sounds and learns how to blend sounds to make the sound of a word.
5. Syllabificationxe2x80x94After the child is reasonably well acquainted with letter/sound correspondences in one-syllable words, he is made aware that larger words are made up of syllables.
6. Words and syntaxxe2x80x94Following introduction to the above underlying word sound principles, the child is shown by simple examples how words go together to form sentences.
7. Morphological awarenessxe2x80x94Early on in his reading skill development the child is taught that adding parts to words can change the word""s meaning. Teaching the student how to form plurals, possessives, and tenses by using inflectional suffixes starts this phase.
8. Word structurexe2x80x94In the middle grades a student is introduced to the uses of prefixes and suffixes in forming complex words and also made aware of word stress patterns.
9. Technical lexiconxe2x80x94As the student progresses to high school and college level, he is exposed to a broad range of vocabulary associated with various academic fields of study.
As the above phases indicate the study of English sound patterns is a continuous process from the start to the end of one""s schooling. Academic instruction on word sounds is done both directly and indirectly.
In the first two or three years of schooling a child is directly instructed in letters, sounds, words, syllables, and reading. From this point on until a student reaches the last two years of high school almost all instruction on English sound patterns is done indirectly. The student learns the sounds of new words as the teacher uses them. The student may glean pronunciation information when he is introduced to parts of speech, affixations, and technical vocabulary. The student is also taught how to use the dictionary and phonetic spellings. On occasion, he may have a teacher who gives him supplemental information on the sound patterns of English to help him master some difficult words, particularly for spelling.
In the last two years of high school, if the student is enrolled in an academic or college preparatory curriculum, he may be required to take a course that directly addresses phonology, morphology, and word structure.
At the University level, a student majoring in Linguistics will receive much direct instruction in the sound patterns of English. Students majoring in English, teaching, and some technical fields may be required to take courses in word structure. Reading teachers may also get direct instruction in the use of phonics for teaching reading.
By and large, any direct instruction of sound patterns of English for most students is given in the first and last few years of their formal education. In the middle years instruction is indirect and based on knowledge that the teacher can directly present.
The situation is different for foreign students entering the school system. These students must master a large part of the English sound system in order for indirect instruction to be relevant. These students are given a lot of direct instruction in the English sound system regardless of their grade level to help them catch up with native speakers.
A demand for alternate instructional resources outside the normal educational system has resulted due to the heavy reliance on indirect instruction on the sound patterns of English. The four major areas where alternate instructional resources are available are:
1. Phonics reading programs,
2. Word power development programs,
3. English language programs, and
4. Talking dictionary programs.
People who feel that their school system is not placing enough emphasis on phonics or who feel that their child did not master the subject over the short span of time phonics was presented turn to the commercial market for help. xe2x80x9cHOOKED ON PHONICS(copyright)xe2x80x9d is an example of a widely advertised program for reading through the knowledge of phonics. At most computer stores a parent can buy inexpensive phonics programs supplied on computer discs. Inexpensive programs are also available on cassette tape.
While most of these programs are beneficial, a young child is not intellectually mature enough to apply the concepts presented to a meaningful reading situation. Unless the child""s parents are able to help him make this transfer the program benefits as a reading-skills training device will be marginal.
The word power development programs are used by adults who either were unable to master sound patterns and word pronunciation from an indirect instructional approach used in formal schooling or, perhaps, were never given exposure to a technical lexicon for which they now have a need. These programs are presented in text, tape, and computer disc format. These programs can be helpful depending on the diligence of the user.
English language learning programs, for non-English speakers, are available in text, on cassette tape, and on computer disc. They can be very useful for anyone that does not have access to a school. Even in a classroom environment tapes and discs can be used to advantage in accustoming the listener""s ear to different voices other than the teacher.
Talking dictionaries on computer discs are a relatively new approach for learning to pronounce words. Their use can be extremely valuable in building word power for an individual. The value of the talking dictionary is substantially increased when it is incorporated with another program that provides selected words or word lists that illustrate fundamental concepts of pronunciation.
The LearnWords Device is not a competitor to the above mentioned conventional self-teaching language programs. In fact the LearnWords Device can supplement and increase the value of the four types of programs discussed above.
The primary purpose of the LearnWords device is to provide teachers a self-teaching program on the sound patterns of English to improve both their direct and indirect instruction on word sounds and pronunciation.
Teachers who have not been exposed to academic work covering the sound pattern of English or teachers who want a quick refresher course on the subject can obtain meaningful self-training with the LearnWords Device. By the use of database techniques the teachers can explore at their pace a myriad of sound patterns covering elementary words to highly technical vocabulary.
After teachers have seen and tried the capabilities of the LearnWords Device, they can use the tools available to provide their students an enhanced word learning experience.
For example, if some students are having a difficult time mastering the pronunciation, spelling, and definition of some technical terms in biology, the teacher can selectively set up a word list in the LearnWords Device and the students can see, hear, and read definitions of the various words by clicking on the words in the list until all are memorized. An enterprising teacher can go further and help the students to understand the structure and sound parts of the words in anticipation that this effort will help the students learn to pronounce similar words in the future.
Learning to pronounce English is a life long process starting with learning the alphabet and one-syllable words like cat up through polysyllable words like tetrahydrocannabinal. Most computer devices designed to aid individuals in the pursuit of English pronunciation are aimed at the learner rather than the teacher. This language computer device is primarily a tool to assist English language instructors in providing a dynamic learning environment for their students, although the learner, and others, can also use the device.
Using a database formed using a Syllable Concept Method and a Word Structural Stress Method, this computer device provides the user a comprehensive overview of the sound patterns of English, all the way from cat to tetrahydrocannabinal, in a dynamic fashion. Through user selection and inputs, phonetic word patterns are presented both visually through a computer screen and aurally through a computer speaker.
Preprogrammed database queries permit the user to rapidly and comprehensively survey a variety of English sound patterns. The user can, by the click of a computer mouse button, select word groups for student viewing and listening or, alternately, provide computer printer outputs for student home assignments.
Input and output methods for this computer device are sufficiently flexible that the user can perform research on English word sound patterns.

Phonetic instructional database computer device for teaching the sound patterns of English


A portable terminal is provided, including a cover member which is detachably provided at a rear surface of a main body of a terminal, a resonant antenna for a reception unit provided inside of the cover member, a reception circuit unit provided inside of the main body, and a connection unit for connecting the resonant antenna for a reception unit with the reception circuit unit. The portable terminal efficiently receives the signal power provided from a charger by arranging the resonant antenna inside of the cover member, and minimizes the thickness of the portable terminal by providing the reception circuit unit inside of the main body of the terminal.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to a portable terminal, and more particularly, to a portable terminal provided with a wireless charging module.
2. Description of the Related Art
Portable terminals, such as a cellular phone and a smart phone, continue to grow in terms of functions as multimedia services are expanded. In addition, as various application programs are provided, user interface environments are developed for user convenience and to satisfy various user preferences.
Portable terminals generally include bar-type, folder-type, sliding-type, and swing-type terminals. When mobile communications such as voice and short message transmissions were principal functions, folder-type and slider-type terminals were predominant in the market. However, enlarged display devices of portable terminals have increased as multimedia services have progressed. Accordingly, physical keypads have generally been replaced by a touch screen function, which improves the portability of a portable terminal since a display device may be enlarged and the portable terminal thickness may be reduced.
In addition, a portable terminal is provided with antenna devices that enable communication in various frequency bands such as a DMB (Digital Multimedia Broadcasting), a LAN (Local Area Network), an NFC (Near Field Communication), and a Bluetooth® antenna in addition to an antenna device for a wireless communication function. Recently, portable terminals have been equipped with an antenna and a module that provides a mobile charging function.
FIG. 1 illustrates a portable terminal 100. In particular, FIG. 1 illustrates a configuration provided with a wireless charging module that includes a receiving-side resonant antenna 131 providing a wireless charging function and a receiving circuit unit provided on a substrate 133.
As illustrated in FIG. 1, the terminal 100 includes a battery-mounting groove 119 formed on a back surface of a body 101, and a camera module 117 provided at a side of the battery-mounting groove 119. The battery-mounting groove 119 is concealed by a cover member 102 detachably provided on the back surface of the body 101. A user may open the battery-mounting groove 119 by removing the cover member 102 as needed. In addition, the cover member 102 is provided with an opening 127 that exposes the camera module 117 so that a subject may be photographed even when the cover member 102 is coupled to the body 101.
A wireless charging module is provided on the inner surface of the cover member 102. The wireless charging module includes a receiving-side resonant antenna 131 and a receiving circuit unit. A second cover member 141 may be provided on the inner surface of the cover member 102 so as to provide a stable installment structure of the receiving-side resonant antenna 131 and the receiving circuit unit.
The receiving-side resonant antenna 131 produces signal power by a magnetic induction or magnetic resonance phenomenon, according to an electromagnetic field generated at a primary coil of a charger (not illustrated), and transmits the signal power to the receiving circuit unit. A connection piece 131a connected to the receiving circuit unit is formed at a side of the receiving-side resonance antenna 131, which may be attached on the inner surface of the cover member 102. In the portable terminal 100 illustrated in FIG. 1, however, the second cover member 141 is coupled to the cover member 102 when the receiving-side resonant antenna 131 is attached to the inner surface of the second cover member 141. As a result, the receiving-side resonant antenna 131 is disposed on the inner surface of the cover member 102.
Thus, the terminal 100 is provided with an electromagnetic shielding member 139 in order to cut off an electromagnetic field effect exerted on circuit devices inside the body or a battery pack, formed around the receiving-side resonance antenna 131. The electromagnetic shielding member 139 is attached on the cover member 102 and interposed between the receiving-side resonant antenna 131 and the body 101. Since the receiving-side resonant antenna 131 is directly attached to the second cover member 141, the receiving-side resonant antenna 131 may be attached on the electromagnetic shielding member 139 after the electromagnetic shielding member 139 is attached to the second cover member 141 in advance.
Since the receiving circuit unit includes the wireless charging circuit provided on the substrate 133, the receiving circuit unit converts signal power received through the receiving-side resonant antenna 131 into charging power, and provides the charging power to the battery pack mounted on the body 101. A connection portion 131b corresponding to the connection piece 131a is provided at a side of the substrate 133. The receiving circuit unit is also attached to the second cover member 141 together with the receiving-side resonant antenna 131. When the receiving-side resonant antenna 131 and the receiving circuit unit are attached to the second cover member 141, the connection piece 131a and the connection portion 131b are engaged with each other to be electrically connected.
A flexible printed circuit board 135 is disposed at a side of the receiving circuit unit and includes a connection pad 137 at one end. The charging power provided from the receiving circuit unit is transmitted to the body 101 through the flexible printed circuit board 135 and the connection pad 137. The body 101 is provided with connection terminals 115 at a side of the battery-mounting groove 119. When the cover member 102 is coupled to the body 101, the connection pad 137 is connected with the connection terminals 115, thereby providing the charging power to the body 101, in particular, to the battery pack mounted on the body 101.
FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a configuration of the wireless charging module disposed on the cover member 102. In FIG. 2, the height h of the wireless charging module, i.e. the thickness is illustrated. It is noted that the second cover member 141 is not illustrated in FIG. 2, and the wireless charging module is illustrated as being directly attachable to the cover member 102.
The receiving-side resonance antenna 131 and the electromagnetic shielding member 139 are stacked on the inner surface of the cover member 102. The receiving circuit unit includes circuit elements 133a such as a charging control circuit chip and an inductor, which are mounted on the substrate 133. The thicknesses of the receiving-side resonant antenna 131 and the substrate 133 are about 0.35 mm, the thickness of the electromagnetic shielding member 139 is about 0.6 mm, and the maximum height of the circuit elements 133a is about 1.25 mm. Accordingly, the maximum thickness of the wireless charging module from the inner surface of the cover member 102 is about 1.6 mm.
As described above, as multimedia functions of portable terminals have expanded, display devices have been enlarged and efforts have been made to reduce the thickness and weight of the portable terminals. A wireless charging module may enhance the convenience to charge a portable terminal but increases the thickness of the portable terminal. Particularly, slimmer portable terminals having a thickness of not more than 10 mm will have compromised size when equipped with a wireless charging module having a thickness of about 1.6 mm.

Portable terminal having wireless charging module


A reflow furnace control system is contemplated to give an optimum time-temperature profile of an object intended to be heated. The object is carried on a conveyor to move along a conveyor path in the reflow furnace during which it is heated by heaters disposed along the conveyor path. A data table is provided to store sets of control data relating to the conveyor speed and the operating temperatures of the individual heaters. Each set of the control data is closely associated with various conditional parameters indicative of configuration and material characteristics of the object and the required temperature to which the object is heated. Control data assigning section is interfaced with the data table so that it responds to the entry of the conditional parameters for retrieving from the data table a relevant control data. Based upon the retrieved control data, the furnace is controlled by the system to give an optimum time-temperature profile of the object. Consequently, the system takes care of finding a relevant set of control data in response to the entry of the conditional parameters specific to an intended object, thus liberating the user from cumbersome operations of setting each control data, which would require considerable trial and error efforts.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention is directed to a reflow furnace control system, and more particularly, to a control system for mass soldering reflow furnace.
2. Description of the prior art
In conventional furnaces used for reflow soldering electrical components to a printed board, control has been made to effect heating in a manner to obtain a preferred time-temperature profile of the board and/or the individual components as the latter moves along a conveyor line within the furnace. Such control is directed to several variables such as the transporting speed of the object, the operating temperature of individual heating elements disposed along the conveyor line, and therefore requires a number of steps for setting individual variables prior to running the reflow furnace. Further, since these variables will differ critically with differing conditional parameters including configuration and material characteristics as well as a required heating temperature of an intended object, the variable setting should be made in due consideration of the conditional parameters specific to the object in order to obtain an optimum time-temperature profile of the object and therefore can only be determined empirically after making a number of test runs. Such trial and error technique is obviously time consuming and cumbersome, causing undesirable loss of material such as printed boards, solder, and components to be soldered on the board. In a practical sense, the control of the reflow furnace is substantially possible only by a highly experienced person and not by an unskilled person, which poses a severe problem in its industrial application.


A ramp bracket for a curtain airbag is constructed so that an open space between a front and a rear is divided into two portions, that is, an upper chamber and a lower chamber by a partition, and the front and the rear are separated from each other at an area defining the lower chamber. Such a ramp bracket allows the airbag to be smoothly deployed between a head liner and a pillar trim, and minimizes the injury to a passenger who collides with the ramp bracket.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a ramp bracket for a curtain airbag, which is intended to guide the deployment of the airbag between a head liner and a pillar trim.
2. Description of the Related Art
Generally, a curtain airbag is installed along a roof side rail from an A-pillar to a C-pillar.
The curtain airbag which is deployed while pushing a head liner may be caught by a pillar trim, especially an upper end of a B-pillar trim, so that a deployment time may be delayed or a deployment may be irregular.
Thus, in order to prevent the pillar trim from causing irregular deployment of the curtain airbag, as seen in U.S. Pat. No. 7,699,343, a ramp bracket is installed at a position of a vehicle body corresponding to an upper end of the pillar trim to allow the airbag to be deployed without the interference of the pillar trim.
The information disclosed in this Background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.


A semiconductor measuring apparatus having a measuring test head having a connection portion to which a circuit to be measured may be connected, a monitoring test head for connection to the connection portion of the measuring test head during a debugging operation, a measuring power source connected to the measuring test head, a monitor power source connected to the monitoring test head, an electrical signal measuring device connected to both the measuring test head and the monitoring test head, and a control unit for controlling the measuring power source, the monitor power source, and the electrical signal measuring device, causing the electrical signal measuring device to measure an output signal from the measuring test head during measurement of a circuit and causing the electrical signal measuring device to measure an output signal from the monitoring test head during a debugging operation.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an electronic circuit measuring apparatus for measuring, for example, a semiconductor integrated circuit and a method of preparing a debugging program for an electronic circuit measuring apparatus.
2. Description of the Related Art
FIG. 5 illustrates a conventional electronic circuit measuring apparatus 1 of the type described above. A circuit 4 to be measured, such as a semiconductor integrated circuit, is connected to a measuring peripheral circuit 5. The electronic circuit measuring apparatus 1 comprises a plurality of power sources R1 to R4. The power sources R1 to R4 are respectively connected to corresponding pins P1 to P4 of the circuit 4 to be measured via switches SW1 to SW4 disposed in the peripheral circuit 5. The peripheral circuit 5 has a switch SWa connected between the pin P2 of the circuit 4 to be measured and ground. The electronic circuit measuring apparatus 1 further comprises a peripheral circuit control unit 2 for controlling switching on/off of the switches SW1 to SW4 and the switch SWa of the peripheral circuit 5. Furthermore, the electronic circuit measuring apparatus 1 comprises a tester controller 3 for controlling the above-described peripheral circuit control unit 2 and the power sources R1 to R4 in accordance with a program. The peripheral circuit 5 is disposed adjacent to the circuit 4 to be measured in a case where the electronic circuit measuring apparatus 1 cannot realize the measuring specifications or in a case where a problem arises in the measuring operation even if the measuring specifications can be measured by the same.
Then, an operation will now be considered in which a discrimination is made whether or not the characteristics of the circuit 4 measured in accordance with a measuring specification shown in Table 1 are satisfactory.
TABLE 1 __________________________________________________________________________ Parameter to be measured Measuring Rated Values Conditions No. Parameters Conditions Minimum Maximum P1 P2 P3 P4 SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4 SWa __________________________________________________________________________ 1 Leak current 1 V.sub.F = 0.4 V, IM 1 .mu.A 3 .mu.A M OV on on 2 Leak current 2 V.sub.F = 0.4 V, IM 2 .mu.A 4 .mu.A M OV on on 3 Circuit current V.sub.F = 5 V, IM 10 mA 20 mA OV M on on on 4 Terminal voltage 1 I.sub.F = 0 .mu.A, VM 1 V 2 V M OV 5 V on on on on 5 Terminal voltage 2 I.sub.F = 0 .mu.A, VM 2 V 3 V M OV 5 V on on on on __________________________________________________________________________
In order to measure the leakage current 1 and the leakage current 2 of the corresponding parameter Nos. 1 and 2, the following test programs TEST1 and TEST2 are required:
______________________________________ TEST1: Leakage Current 1 SET SW1 = ON, SW3 = ON SET PIN1 = 0.4 V, MEAS. MODE = I SET PIN3 = OV MEAS PIN1 JUDGE LO 1 .mu.A, HI 3 .mu.A TEST2: Leakage Current 2 SET SW2 = ON, SW1 = OFF SET PIN1 = OFF SET PIN2 = 0.4 V, MEAS. MODE = I MEAS PIN2 JUDGE LO 2 .mu.A, HI 4 .mu.A ______________________________________
Each of the above-described test programs includes a series sequence control which can be executed by the tester controller 3 of the electronic circuit measuring apparatus 1. In accordance with test programs of the type described above, the switching on/off operation of each of the switches SW1 to SW4 and SWa of the peripheral circuit 5 is controlled by the peripheral circuit control unit 2 of the electronic circuit measuring apparatus 1. As a result, electrical signals are supplied to the circuit 4 to be measured from the power sources R1 to R4 before the output signal from the circuit 4 is measured so that a determined is made as to whether the characteristics are satisfactory. For example, in a case where the leakage current 1 of the TEST1 is measured, the switches SW1 and SW3 are first switched on so that a voltage level of 0.4 V is applied from the power source R1 connected to the pin 1 of the circuit 4 to be measured, while a mode for measuring the electrical current is set. Then, the power source R3 connected to the pin P3 of the circuit 4 to be measured is set to 0 V so that the electrical current passing through the pin P1 is measured.
In this case, a debugging operation must be performed prior to executing the actual measuring operation so as to confirm whether the measuring condition set in accordance with the test program meets the measuring condition shown in the measuring specification. The conventional measuring apparatus shown in FIG. 5 has been arranged in such a manner that the electrical status of each of the pins P1 to P4 of the circuit 4 to be measured is confirmed by connecting a waveform observing device, such as an oscilloscope, to each of the pins P1 to P4. Therefore, the execution of the test program must be interrupted whenever the measuring condition for a single parameter is set so as to perform the debugging operation. Furthermore, another problem arises in that too long a time and too much labor are required to complete the debugging operation because it has been completed by human powers. In addition, the level of the quality of the result of the debugging operation cannot be stabilized because it depends upon the debugging operator.

Semiconductor measuring apparatus and method of preparing debugging program


A 3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2-one derivative represented by the following formula (I), and a herbicidal composition containing the same as a herbicidally active ingredient: ##STR1## (wherein X is a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms or a haloalkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms; Y is a halogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms; R.sub.1 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms; R.sub.2 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms; m is an integer of 0 to 3; n is an integer of 0 to 2; and when m is 2 or 3, the groups represented by X may be identical or different, and when n is 2, the groups represented by Y may be identical or different).

(i) Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to 3-azabicyclo-[3.1.0]hexane-2-one derivatives and herbicidal compositions containing them as herbicidally active ingredients.
(ii) Description of the Prior Art
In U.S. Pat. No. 3,745,170, it is described that certain kinds of 3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane derivatives show a sterilizing activity. A typical compound mentioned in this publication, 1,5-dimethyl-3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,4-dione (general name: procymidone) is commercially available as a gray mold disease inhibitor. Furthermore, in Journal of Chromatography, Vol. 318(2), pp. 398-403 (1985), there is mentioned 3-ethyl-1-phenyl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2-one, but reports regarding a herbicidal activity are not present. In addition, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,118,393 and 4,196,120 disclose 3-benzyl-1-phenyl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,4-dione derivatives as an antidepressant and its synthetic intermediate, but reports regarding the herbicidal activity are not present.
In recent years, a herbicidal composition having a high selectivity is strongly desired which has no injurious action on crops and which can exterminate weeds alone. Furthermore, for paddy fields, an effective herbicidal composition is desired which can securely control hardly eliminable weeds such as barnyardgrass (Echinochloa), bulrush (Scirpus juncoides), monochroria (Monochoria vaginalis) and water nutgrass (Cyperus serotinus). In addition, it is strongly required to develop a herbicidal composition which is usable in an optional term of from the pre-emergence of weeds to the growing period of the emerged weeds and which maintains the herbicidal effect for a long period of time.
In consequence, the present invention intends to provide a selective herbicidal composition which has no injurious action on rice plants in paddy fields, has a wide herbicidal spectrum in a low application rate, and can be used in a prolonged term of from the pre-emergence of weeds to the growing period of the emerged weeds.

3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2-one derivatives and herbicidal compositions containing them as herbicidally active ingredients