In a digital switch high data rate data communications system, such as a "Datapath" system following the "T Link" protocol, to intercouple data terminal equipment operating at different data rates, voice messages are concurrently interleaved in transmitted bit streams. The system includes echo suppression modules for voice transmissions, but for data transmissions the echo suppression means is disabled in a channel by digital simulation of a monofrequency tone to open the channel. The preparatory sequence includes predetermined byte sequences which initiate the exchange of version identifier and parameter data prior to selection of a common data rate for intercommunication.

As telephone system technology is evolving toward a future high speed Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) for providing complete wideband interconnectivity, a current need remains for systems which can provide high-speed data links during the potentially long delay period before ISDN implementation. This need has been confronted in various ways by the AT&T "ACCUNET" Switched 56 Service, the AT&T "Dataphone" Digital Service, the prospective AT&T Circuit Switched Digital Capability (CSDC) and the "Datapath" system, offered by Northern Telecom, Inc. of Research Triangle Park, N.C. The last is an all digital data connection system based on digital circuit switches, special data units and line cards to enable data from digital sources to be transmitted at high rates via public digital telephone switches. It has been placed in widespread use because it not only enables high-speed transfers between modern data processing equipment but also provides advanced circuit-switched data services not only for central office switches but also for private branch exchanges (PBX's). It can also interface with the CSDC system with certain constraints. Being an all digital system, voice inputs have not been incorporated, even with pulse code modulation. This limitation is not acceptable for many present users and applications, since voice messages and signalling equipment are in such widespread current use. The ability to employ both types of messages means that the customer base could be significantly expanded and that service charges for high speed digital service could be drastically reduced.
The "Datapath" system is accessed by a combination of data units on the user's premises which interface to terminals on public and private networks, standard non-loaded cable pairs, and line cards at the channel banks. A wide variety of user equipment, with different data rates and interfaces, can be supported with these components. Despite disparities in data rates a common data transmission rate of 56 KBP/s (which plus clocking pulses gives a full rate of 64 KBP/s) is provided, with error correction data and synchronizing pulses being inserted where bandwidth is available. These functions are handled under a "T-link" protocol which also uses sequences of interchanged queries and responses to identify an acceptable frequency for both sender and receiver. Although dialing of a called number can be by keyboard at the terminal or data unit, or via a modem protocol, once the connection is made transmissions are entirely encoded and duplex in nature. Voice messages on this system would return back an echo from the called party's end that is unacceptable in modern systems, because of mismatches and feedback at the hybrid circuit and telephone handset.
The objective of communicating both voice and data signals by a common network was initially met by using low speed modems to express digital data in analog form for analog switching systems. The troublesome problem of voice echo was long ago overcome in analog networks by introducing echo suppression circuits. While signal echoes may be disturbing to humans they do not affect modem encoded data and may even be used for signal verification purposes. However, the echo suppression circuits act to block digital transmissions. Thus disabling features have been added to these echo suppression or canceller systems, and are activated upon initial transmission of a particular and continuous audio tone (i.e., 2100 H.sub.z) for a given interval by the modem prior to data transmission. The modem approach and analog networks are however not only low speed but fundamentally inconsistent with the digital switches and PCM channel banks which are the current state of the art. They offer no answer to the need for employment of the full capabilities of a data connection system of the "Datapath" type with voice transmissions. In order to obtain the versatility inherent in the "T Link" protocol it is necessary to assure that voice messages are duplexed without echo but that there is no blockage of data messages, and further that the needed interchanges can take place to assure compatibility of data rates.

Voice and data telephone communication system and method


An advertising cap for a user has a back, a headband, a pair of straps disposed at the back of the conventional cap for adjustment of the size of the headband of the conventional cap, an advertising cap nameplate for concealing the pair of straps after the headband of the conventional cap is adjusted, and structure for removably mounting the advertising cap nameplate so that the advertising cap nameplate may be changed depending upon the preference of the user.

1. Field of the Invention:
The present invention relates to a cap.
More particularly, the present invention relates to an advertising cap nameplate.
2. Description of the Prior Art:
Numerous innovations for caps have been provided in the prior art that are adapted to be used. Even though these innovations may be suitable for the specific individual purposes to which they address, they would not be suitable for the purposes of the present invention.


A new method in microscopy is provided which extends the domain of AFM's to nanoscale spectroscopy. Molecular resonance of nanometer features can be detected and imaged purely by mechanical detection of the force gradient between the interaction of the optically driven molecular dipole/multipole and its mirror image in a Platinum coated scanning probe tip. The method is extendable to obtain nanoscale spectroscopic information ranging from infrared to UV and RF.

AFM's have been successfully applied to nanometer scale imaging of chemical1 magnetic2,3 and electrostatic4,5 properties of surfaces. These microscopes rely on probe tips (typically silicon) suitably modified to detect the specific property of interest and to translate it into a detectable force. However, except for the Magnetic Resonance Force Microscope6 which has been used to detect nuclear magnetic resonance at mK temperatures, AFM based scanning force microscopes have been primarily used to study material properties on the nanometer scale and not for spectroscopic identification of the materials being investigated. The ability to apply AFM's for nanometer scale spectroscopic analysis will open new opportunities in materials science and biology. In biology it could be used to study molecular cell surface interactions or for next generation DNA sequencing technologies.

Image force microscopy of molecular resonance


A detergent composition comprising from about 4% to about 70% of a surfactant, and from about 0.05% to about 10% of a dye maintenance polymer or oligomer having at least three net positive chages per molecule. The dye maintenance polymer should have a Dye Maintenance Parameter, as determined by the Dye Maintenance Parameter Test defined herein, of greater than about 0.23. Further, the dye maintenance polymer is not a polyethyleneimine or alkoxylated derivative thereof.

The present invention relates to compositions, in either liquid or granular form, for use in laundry applications, wherein the compositions comprise certain dye maintenance polymers that have a net positive charge. A standardized test is provided that determines the dye maintenance parameter for any given polymer. Compositions comprising the dye maintenance polymers of this invention impart appearance and integrity benefits to fabrics and textiles laundered in washing solutions formed from such compositions.
It is, of course, well known that alternating cycles of using and laundering fabrics and textiles, such as articles of worn clothing and apparel, will inevitably adversely affect the appearance and integrity of the fabric and textile items so used and laundered. Fabrics and textiles simply wear out over time and with use. Laundering of fabrics and textiles is necessary to remove soils and stains which accumulate therein and thereon during ordinary use. However, the laundering operation itself, over many cycles, can accentuate and contribute to the deterioration of the integrity and the appearance of such fabrics and textiles.
Deterioration of fabric integrity and appearance can manifest itself in several ways. Short fibers are dislodged from woven and knit fabric/textile structures by the mechanical action of laundering. These dislodged fibers may form lint, fuzz or xe2x80x9cpillsxe2x80x9d which are visible on the surface of fabrics and diminish the appearance of newness of the fabric. Further, repeated laundering of fabrics and textiles, especially with bleach-containing laundry products, can remove dye from fabrics and textiles and impart a faded, worn out appearance as a result of diminished color intensity, and in many eases, as a result of changes in hues or shades of color.
Given the foregoing, there is clearly an ongoing need to identify materials which could be added to laundry products that would associate themselves with the fibers of the fabrics and textiles laundered using such products and thereby reduce or minimize the tendency of the laundered fabric/textiles to deteriorate in appearance. Any such detergent product additive material should, of course, be able to benefit fabric appearance and integrity without unduly interfering with the ability of the laundry product to perform its intended function. The present invention is directed to the use of dye maintenance polymers in laundry applications that perform in this desired manner, and a test for determining the Dye Maintenance Parameter for any given polymer.
The present invention is directed to a detergent composition comprising:
a) from about 4% to about 70% of a surfactant that is preferably selected from the group consisting of nonionic, anionic, cationic, amphoteric, zwitterionic surfactants and mixtures thereof, and is even more preferably an anionic surfactant;
b) from about 0.01% to about 10%, preferably from about 0. 1% to about 8%, more preferably from about 0.5% to about 6%, and most preferably from about 0.8% to about 5% of a dye maintenance polymer or oligomer having at least three net positive charges per molecule and having a Dye Maintenance Parameter, as determined by the Dye Maintenance Parameter Test, of greater than about 0.23, preferably greater than about 0.6 more preferably greater than about 0.8 and most preferably greater than about 0.9.
The dye maintenance polymer is not a polyethyleneimine or alkoxylated derivative thereof.
In another aspect of this invention there is provided a fabric conditioning composition comprising:
a) from about 1% to about 80% of a fabric softening active; and
b) from about 0.01% to about 50%, preferably from about 0.1% to about 40%, more preferably from about 0.5% to about 30%, and most preferably from about 0.8% to about 20% of a dye maintenance polymer or oligomer having at least three net positive charges per molecule and having a Dye Maintenance Parameter, as determined by the Dye Maintenance Parameter Test, of greater than about 0.23, preferably greater than about 0.6 more preferably greater than about 0.8 and most preferably greater than about 0.9.
The dye maintenance polymer is not a polyethyleneimine or alkoxylated derivative thereof.
In yet another aspect of this invention there is provided a laundry additive composition comprising:
a) from about 1% to about 99% by weight of water; and
b) from about 0.01% to about 50%, preferably from about 0.1% to about 40%, more preferably from about 0.5% to about 30%, and most preferably from about 0.8% to about 20% of a dye maintenance polymer or oligomer having at least three net positive charges per molecule and having a Dye Maintenance Parameter, as determined by the Dye Maintenance Parameter Test, of greater than about 0.23, preferably greater than about 0.6 more preferably greater than about 0.8 and most preferably greater than about 0.9.
The dye maintenance polymer is not a polyethyleneimine or alkoxylated derivative thereof.
In addition to the surfactant and the dye maintenance polymer of this invention, the laundry detergent compositions herein comprise from about 0.01% to 80% by weight of an organic or inorganic detergency builder and other conventional laundry detergent products.
In addition to the fabric softener and the dye maintenance polymer of this invention, the fabric softener compositions herein comprise pH adjusters, other carriers and adjunct ingredients.
Aqueous solutions of the dye maintenance polymers of this invention comprise from about 0.05% to about 50% by weight of the dye maintenance polymers of this invention, fabric treatment materials dissolved in water and other ingredients such as stabilizers and pH adjusters.
In its method aspect, the present invention relates to the laundering or treating of fabrics and textiles in aqueous washing, rinsing, or treating solutions formed from effective amounts of any of the detergent compositions, fabric softener compositions, or aqueous solution treatments described herein, or formed from the individual components of such compositions. Laundering of fabrics and textiles in such washing, rinsing and/or treatment solutions, followed by drying, imparts fabric appearance benefits to the fabric and textile articles so treated. Such benefits can include improved overall appearance, pill/fuzz reduction, antifading, improved abrasion resistance, and/or enhanced softness. It has been surprisingly determined that the dye maintenance polymers of this invention impart fabric appearance and integrity benefits that are greater than the benefits achieved by a corresponding amount of either component by itself.
As noted, when fabric or textiles are laundered in solutions which comprise the dye maintenance polymers of the present invention fabric appearance and integrity are enhanced. The dye maintenance polymers can be added to wash solutions by incorporating them into a detergent composition, a fabric softener or by adding them separately to the washing solution. The dye maintenance polymers are described herein primarily as liquid or granular detergent additives but the present invention is not meant to be so limited. The dye maintenance polymers, detergent composition components, optional ingredients for such compositions and methods of using such compositions, are described in detail below. All percentages are by weight unless other specified.
The dye maintenance polymers of this invention can be used in any fabric laundering process and provide certain appearance benefits to the fabrics laundered in these processes. Such fabric appearance benefits can include, for example, improved overall appearance of the laundered fabrics, reduction of the formation of pills and fuzz protection against color fading, improved abrasion resistance, etc. The dye maintenance polymers used in the compositions and methods herein can provide such fabric appearance benefits with acceptably little or no loss in cleaning performance provided by the laundry detergent compositions into which such materials are incorporated.
As will be apparent to those skilled in the art, an oligomer is a molecule consisting of only a few monomer units while polymers comprise considerably more monomer units. For the present invention, oligomers are defined as molecules having an average molecular weight below about 1,000 and polymers are molecules having an average molecular weight of greater than about 1,000. Copolymers are polymers or oligomers wherein two or more dissimilar monomers have been simultaneously or sequentially polymerized. Copolymers of the present invention can include, for example, polymers or oligomers polymerized from a polyfunctional alkylating agent such as epichlorohydrin with a mixture of a cyclic amine-based monomer, e.g., piperazine and another cyclic amine-based monomer, e.g., morpholine.
Cationic polymers in general and their method of manufacture are know. For example, a detailed description of cationic polymers can be found in an article by M. Fred Hoover that was published in the Journal of Macromolecular Science-Chemistry, A4(6), pp 1327-1417, October, 1970. The entire disclosure of the Hoover article is incorporated herein by reference. The dye maintenance polymers of this invention will be better understood when read in light of the Hoover article, the present disclosure and the Examples herein.
Table A lists 6 patent applications that describe various dye maintenance polymers according to this invention, methods of making these polymers and methods of using them. The entire disclosure of each of the applications listed in Table A is incorporated herein by reference.
In addition to the dye maintenance polymers of the present invention, the present laundry detergent and additive compositions can include common detergent adjuvants as defined in greater detail below. The detergent compositions of this invention include a surfactant selected from the group consisting of nonionic, anionic, cationic, amphoteric, zwitterionic surfactants and mixtures thereof. Preferably, at least about 4% by weight of the surfactant is an anionic surfactant
The most common detergent ingredients that are preferred for use in the present invention include: detersive enzymes, preferably cellulase and preferably an enzyme stabilization system; an inorganic peroxygen bleaching compound, which is preferably selected from the group consisting of alkali metal salts of perborate, percarbonate and mixtures thereof, and a bleach activator, which is preferably nonanoyloxybenzene sulfonate. The laundry additive compositions of this invention preferably comprise a pH adjuster and one or more fabric softening components.
The detergent compositions herein comprise from about 4% to 80% by weight of a detersive surfactant. Preferably such compositions comprise from about 5% to 50% by weight of surfactant. Detersive surfactants utilized can be of the anionic, nonionic, zwitterionic, ampholytic or cationic type or can comprise compatible mixtures of these types. Detergent surfactants useful herein are described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,664,961, Norris, issued May 23, 1972, U.S. Pat. No. 3,919,678, Laughlin et al., issued Dec. 30, 1975, U.S. Pat. No. 4,222,905, Cockrell, issued Sep. 16, 1980, and in U.S. Pat. No. 4,239,659, Murphy, issued Dec. 16, 1980. All of these patents are incorporated herein by reference. Of all the surfactants, anionics and nonionics are preferred.
Useful anionic surfactants can themselves be of several different types. For example, water-soluble salts of the higher fatty acids, i.e., xe2x80x9csoapsxe2x80x9d, are useful anionic surfactants in the compositions herein. This includes alkali metal soaps such as the sodium, potassium, ammonium, and alkylolammonium salts of higher fatty acids containing from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms, and preferably from about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms.
Additional non-soap anionic surfactants which are suitable for use herein include the water-soluble salts, preferably the alkali metal, and ammonium salts, of organic sulfuric reaction products having in their molecular structure an alkyl group containing from about 10 to about 20 carbon atoms and a sulfonic acid or sulfuric acid ester group. (Included in the term xe2x80x9calkylxe2x80x9d is the alkyl portion of acyl groups.) Especially valuable are linear straight chain alkylbenzene sulfonates in which the average number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group is from about 11 to 13, abbreviated as C11-13 LAS.
Preferred nonionic surfactants are those of the formula R1(OC2H4)nOH, wherein R1 is a C10-C16 alkyl group or a C8-C12 alkyl phenyl group, and n is from 3 to about 80. Particularly preferred are condensation products of C12-C15 alcohols with from about 5 to about 20 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol, e.g., C12-C13 alcohol condensed with about 6.5 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol.
Additional suitable surfactants, including polyhydroxy fatty acid amides and amine based surfactants, are disclosed in one or more of the co-pending PCT Applications listed in Table A and incorporated herein by reference.
The detergent compositions herein may also comprise from about 0.1% to 80% by weight of a detergent builder. Preferably such compositions in liquid form will comprise from about 1% to 10% by weight of the builder component. Preferably such compositions in granular form will comprise from about 1% to 50% by weight of the builder component. Detergent builders are well known in the art and can comprise, for example, phosphate salts as well as various organic and inorganic nonphosphorus builders.
Water-soluble, nonphosphorus organic builders useful herein include the various alkali metal, ammonium and substituted ammonium polyacetates, carboxylates, polycarboxylates and polyhydroxy sulfonates. Suitable polycarboxylates for use herein are the polyacetal carboxylates described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,144,226, issued Mar. 13, 1979 to Crutchfield et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 4,246,495, issued Mar. 27, 1979 to Crutchfield et al., both of which are incorporated herein by reference. Particularly preferred polycarboxylate builders are the oxydisuccinates and the ether carboxylate builder compositions comprising a combination of tartrate monosuccinate and tartrate disuccinate described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,663,071, Bush et al., issued May 5, 1987, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
Examples of suitable nonphosphorus, inorganic builders include the silicates, aluminosilicates, borates and carbonates. Particularly preferred are sodium and potassium carbonate, bicarbonate, sesquicarbonate, tetraborate decahydrate, and silicates having a weight ratio of SiO2 to alkali metal oxide of from about 0.5 to about 4.0, preferably from about 1.0 to about 2.4. Also preferred are aluminosilicates including zeolites. Such materials and their use as detergent builders are more fully discussed in Corkill et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,605,509, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Also discussed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,605,509 are crystalline layered silicates which are suitable for use in the detergent compositions of this invention.
In addition to the surfactants, builders and dye maintenance polymers of the detergent compositions of the present invention can also include any number of additional optional ingredients. These include conventional detergent composition components such as enzymes and enzyme stabilizing agents, suds boosters or suds suppressers, anti-tarnish and anticorrosion agents, bleaching agents, soil suspending agents, soil release agents, germicides, pH adjusting agents, non-builder alkalinity sources, chelating agents, organic and inorganic fillers, solvents, hydrotropes, optical brighteners, dyes and perfumes.
pH adjusting agents may be necessary in certain applications where the pH of the wash solution is greater than about 10.0 because the fabric integrity benefits of the defined compositions begin to diminish at a higher pH. Hence, if the wash solution is greater than about 10.0 after the addition of the dye maintenance polymers of the present invention a pH adjuster should be used to reduce the pH of the washing solution to below about 10.0, preferably to a pH of below about 9.5 and most preferably below about 7.5. Suitable pH adjusters will be known to those skilled in the art.
A preferred optional ingredients for incorporation into the detergent compositions herein comprises a bleaching agent, e.g., a peroxygen bleach. Such peroxygen bleaching agents may be organic or inorganic in nature. Inorganic peroxygen bleaching agents are frequently utilized in combination with a bleach activator.
Useful organic peroxygen bleaching agents include percarboxylic acid bleaching agents and salts thereof. Suitable examples of this class of agents include magnesium monoperoxyphthalate hexahydrate, the magnesium salt of metachloro perbenzoic acid, 4-nonylamino-4-oxoperoxybutyric acid and diperoxydodecanedioic acid. Such bleaching agents are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,483,781, Hartman, Issued Nov. 20, 1984; European Patent Application EP-A-133,354, Banks et al., Published Feb. 20, 1985; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,412,934, Chung et al., Issued Nov. 1, 1983. Highly preferred bleaching agents also include 6-nonylamino-6-oxoperoxycaproic acid (NAPAA) as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,634,551, Issued Jan. 6, 1987 to Burns et al.
Inorganic peroxygen bleaching agents may also be used, generally in particulate form, in the detergent compositions herein. Inorganic bleaching agents are in fact preferred. Such inorganic peroxygen compounds include alkali metal perborate and percarbonate materials. For example, sodium perborate (e.g. mono- or tetra-hydrate) can be used. Suitable inorganic bleaching agents can also include sodium or potassium carbonate peroxyhydrate and equivalent xe2x80x9cpercarbonatexe2x80x9d bleaches, sodium pyrophosphate peroxyhydrate, urea peroxyhydrate, and sodium peroxide. Persulfate bleach (e.g., OXONE, manufactured commercially by DuPont) can also be used. Frequently inorganic peroxygen bleaches will be coated with silicate, borate, sulfate or water-soluble surfactants. For example, coated percarbonate particles are available from various commercial sources such as FMC, Solvay Interox, Tokai Denka and Degussa.
Inorganic peroxygen bleaching agents, e.g., the perborates, the percarbonates, etc., are preferably combined with bleach activators, which lead to the in situ production in aqueous solution (i.e., during use of the compositions herein for fabric laundering/bleaching) of the peroxy acid corresponding to the bleach activator. Various non-limiting examples of activators are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,915,854, Issued Apr. 10, 1990 to Mao et al.; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,412,934 Issued Nov. 1, 1983 to Chung et al. The nonanoyloxybenzene sulfonate (NOBS) and tetraacetyl ethylene diamine (TAED) activators are typical and preferred. Mixtures thereof can also be used. See also the hereinbefore referenced U.S. Pat. No. 4,634,551 for other typical bleaches and activators useful herein.
Other useful amido-derived bleach activators are those of the formulae:
R1N(R5)C(O)R2C(O)L or R1C(O)N(R5)R2C(O)L
wherein R1 is an alkyl group containing from about 6 to about 12 carbon atoms, R2 is an alkylene containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, R5 is H or alkyl, aryl, or alkaryl containing from about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, and L is any suitable leaving group. A leaving group is any group that is displaced from the bleach activator as a consequence of the nucleophilic attack on the bleach activator by the perhydrolysis anion. A preferred leaving group is phenol sulfonate.
Preferred examples of bleach activators of the above formulae include (6-octanamido-caproyl)oxybenzenesulfonate, (6-nonanamidocaproyl)oxybenzene-sul-fonate, (6decanamido-caproyl)oxybenzenesulfonate and mixtures thereof as described in the hereinbefore referenced U.S. Pat. No. 4,634,551.
Another class of useful bleach activators comprises the benzoxazin-type activators disclosed by Hodge et al. in U.S. Pat. No. 4,966,723, Issued Oct. 30, 1990, incorporated herein by reference. See also U.S. Pat. No. 4,545,784, Issued to Sanderson, Oct. 8, 1985, incorporated herein by reference, which discloses acyl caprolactams, including benzoyl caprolactam, adsorbed into sodium perborate.
If utilized, peroxygen bleaching agent will generally comprise from about 2% to 30% by weight of the detergent compositions herein. More preferably, peroxygen bleaching agent will comprise from about 2% to 20% by weight of the compositions. Most preferably, peroxygen bleaching agent will be present to the extent of from about 3% to 15% by weight of the compositions herein. If utilized, bleach activators can comprise from about 2% to 10% by weight of the detergent compositions herein. Frequently, activators are employed such that the molar ratio of bleaching agent to activator ranges from about 1:1 to 10:1, more preferably from about 1.5:1 to 5:1.
Additional suitable bleaching agents and bleach activators are disclosed in one or more of the co-pending PCT Applications listed in Table A and incorporated herein by reference.
Another highly preferred optional ingredient in the detergent compositions herein is a detersive enzyme component. Enzymes can be included in the present detergent compositions for a variety of purposes, including removal of protein-based, carbohydrate-based, or triglyceride-based stains from substrates, for the prevention of refugee dye transfer in fabric laundering, and for fabric restoration. Suitable enzymes include proteases, amylases, lipases, cellulases, peroxidases, and mixtures thereof of any suitable origin, such as vegetable, animal, bacterial, fungal and yeast origin. Preferred selections are influenced by factors such as pH-activity and/or stability, optimal thermostability, and stability to active detergents, builders and the like. In this respect bacterial or fungal enzymes are preferred, such as bacterial amylases and proteases, and fungal cellulases.
xe2x80x9cDetersive enzymexe2x80x9d, as used herein, means any enzyme having a cleaning, stain removing or otherwise beneficial effect in a laundry detergent composition. Preferred enzymes for laundry purposes include, but are not limited to, proteases, cellulases, lipases, amylases and peroxidases.
Enzymes are normally incorporated into detergent compositions at levels sufficient to provide a xe2x80x9ccleaning-effective amountxe2x80x9d. The term xe2x80x9ccleaning-effective amountxe2x80x9d refers to any amount capable of producing a cleaning, stain removal, soil removal, whitening, deodorizing, or freshness improving effect on substrates such as fabrics. In practical terms for current commercial preparations, typical amounts are up to about 5 mg by weight, more typically 0.01 mg to 3 mg, of active enzyme per gram of the detergent composition. Stated otherwise, the compositions herein will typically comprise from 0.001% to 5% preferably 0.01%-1% by weight of a commercial enzyme preparation. Protease enzymes are usually present in such commercial preparations at levels sufficient to provide from 0.005 to 0.1 Anson units (AU) of activity per gram of composition. Higher active levels may be desirable in highly concentrated detergent formulations.
Cellulases usable herein include those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,435,307, Barbesgoard et al., Mar. 6, 1984, and GB-A-2.075.028; GB-A-2.095.275 and DE-OS-2.247.832. CAREZYME(copyright) and CELLUZYME(copyright) (Novo) are especially useful. See also WO 9117243 to Novo.
The enzyme-containing compositions herein may optionally also comprise from about 0.001% to about 10%, preferably from about 0.005% to about 8%, most preferably from about 0.01% to about 6%, by weight of an enzyme stabilizing system. The enzyme stabilizing system can be any stabilizing system which is compatible with the detersive enzyme. Such a system may be inherently provided by other formulation actives, or be added separately, e.g., by the formulator or by a manufacturer of detergent-ready enzymes. Such stabilizing systems can, for example, comprise calcium ion, boric acid, propylene glycol, short chain carboxylic acids, boronic acids, and mixtures thereof, and are designed to address different stabilization problems depending on the type and physical form of the detergent composition.
The detergent compositions according to the present invention can be in liquid, paste or granular form. Such compositions can be prepared by combining the essential and optional components in the requisite concentrations in any suitable order and by any conventional means. The forgoing description of uses for the dye maintenance polymers defined herein are intended to be exemplary and other uses will be apparent to those skilled in the art and are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
Granular compositions, for example, are generally made by combining base granule ingredients, e.g., surfactants, builders, water, etc., as a slurry, and spray drying the resulting slurry to a low level of residual moisture (5-12%). The remaining dry ingredients, e.g., granules of the essential dye maintenance polymers, can be admixed in granular powder form with the spray dried granules in a rotary mixing drum. The liquid ingredients, e.g., solutions of the essential dye maintenance polymers, enzymes, binders and perfumes, can be sprayed onto the resulting granules to form the finished detergent composition. Granular compositions according to the present invention can also be in xe2x80x9ccompact formxe2x80x9d, i.e. they may have a relatively higher density than conventional granular detergents, i.e. from 550 to 950 g/l. In such case, the granular detergent compositions according to the present invention will contain a lower amount of xe2x80x9cinorganic filler saltxe2x80x9d, compared to conventional granular detergents; typical filler salts are alkaline earth metal salts of sulphates and chlorides, typically sodium sulphate; xe2x80x9ccompactxe2x80x9d detergents typically comprise not more than 10% filler salt.
Liquid detergent compositions can be prepared by admixing the essential and optional ingredients thereof in any desired order to provide compositions containing components in the requisite concentrations. Liquid compositions according to the present invention can also be in xe2x80x9ccompact formxe2x80x9d, in such case, the liquid detergent compositions according to the present invention will contain a lower amount of water, compared to conventional liquid detergents. Addition of the dye maintenance polymers to liquid detergent or other aqueous compositions of this invention may be accomplished by simply mixing into the liquid solutions the desired dye maintenance polymers.
The present invention also provides a method for laundering fabrics in a manner which imparts fabric appearance benefits provided by the dye maintenance polymers used herein. Such a method employs contacting these fabrics with an aqueous washing solution formed from an effective amount of the detergent compositions hereinbefore described or formed from the individual components of such compositions. Contacting of fabrics with washing solution will generally occur under conditions of agitation although the compositions of the present invention may also be used to form aqueous unagitated soaking solutions for fabric cleaning and treatment. As discussed above, it is preferred that the washing solution have a pH of less than about 10.0, preferably it has a pH of about 9.5 and most preferably it has a pH of about 7.5.
Agitation is preferably provided in a washing machine for good cleaning. Washing is preferably followed by drying the wet fabric in a conventional clothes dryer. An effective amount of a high density liquid or granular detergent composition in the aqueous wash solution in the washing machine is preferably from about 500 to about 7000 ppm, more preferably from about 1000 to about 3000 ppm.
The dye maintenance polymers hereinbefore described as components of the laundry detergent compositions herein may also be used to treat and condition fabrics and textiles in the absence of the detersive surfactant and builder components of the detergent composition embodiments of this invention. Thus, for example, a fabric conditioning composition comprising a fabric softener and the dye maintenance polymer or a fabric treatment composition comprising only the dye maintenance polymers themselves, or comprising an aqueous solution of the dye maintenance polymers, may be added during the rinse cycle of a conventional home laundering operation in order to impart the desired fabric appearance and integrity benefits hereinbefore described.
The fabric softener compositions of the present invention comprise at least about 1%, preferably from about 8%, more preferably from about 20% to about 80%, more preferably to about 60%, most preferably to about 45% by weight, of the composition of one or more fabric softener actives.
The preferred fabric softening actives according to the present invention are amines having the formula:
quaternary ammonium compounds having the formula:
and mixtures thereof, wherein each R is independently C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 hydroxyalkyl, benzyl, and mixtures thereof; R1 is preferably C11-C22 linear alkyl, C11-C22 branched alkyl, C11-C22 linear alkenyl, C11-C22 branched alkenyl, and mixtures thereof; Q is a carbonyl moiety independently selected from the units having the formula:
wherein R2 is hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, preferably hydrogen; R3 is C1-C4 alkyl, preferably hydrogen or methyl; preferably Q has the formula:
X is a softener compatible anion, preferably the anion of a strong acid, for example, chloride, bromide, methylsulfate, ethylsulfate, sulfate, nitrate and mixtures thereof, more preferably chloride and methyl sulfate. The anion can also, but less preferably, carry a double charge, in which case X(xe2x88x92) represents half a group. The index m has a value of from 1 to 3; the index n has a value of from 1 to 4, preferably 2 or 3, more preferably 2.
One embodiment of the present invention provides for amines and quaternized amines having two or more different values for the index n per molecule, for example, a softener active prepared from the starting amine methyl(3-aminopropyl)(2-hydroxyethyl)amine.
More preferred softener actives according to the present invention have the formula:
wherein the unit having the formula:
is a fatty acyl moiety. Suitable fatty acyl moieties for use in the softener actives of the present invention are derived from sources of triglycerides including tallow, vegetable oils and/or partially hydrogenated vegetable oils including inter alia canola oil, safflower oil, peanut oil, sunflower oil, corn oil, soybean oil, tall oil, rice bran oil. Yet more preferred are the Diester Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (DEQA""s) wherein the index m is equal to 2.
The formulator, depending upon the desired physical and performance properties of the final fabric softener active, can choose any of the above mentioned sources of fatty acyl moieties, or alternatively, the formulator can mix sources of triglyceride to form a xe2x80x9ccustomized blendxe2x80x9d. However, those skilled in the art of fats and oils recognize that the fatty acyl composition may vary, as in the case of vegetable oil, from crop to crop, or from variety of vegetable oil source to variety of vegetable oil source. DEQA""s which are prepared using fatty acids derived from natural sources are preferred.
A preferred embodiment of the present invention provides softener actives comprising R1 units which have at least about 3%, preferably at least about 5%, more preferably at least about 10%, most preferably at least about 15% C11-C22 alkenyl, including polyalkenyl (polyunsaturated) units inter alia oleic, linoleic, linolenic.
For the purposes of the present invention the term xe2x80x9cmixed chain fatty acyl unitsxe2x80x9d is defined as xe2x80x9ca mixture of fatty acyl units comprising alkyl and alkenyl chains having from 10 carbons to 22 carbon atoms including the carbonyl carbon atom, and in the case of alkenyl chains, from one to three double bonds, preferably all double bonds in the cis configurationxe2x80x9d. With regard to the R1 units of the present invention, it is preferred that at least a substantial percentage of the fatty acyl groups are unsaturated, e.g., from about 25%, preferably from about 50% to about 70%, preferably to about 65%. The total level of fabric softening active containing polyunsaturated fatty acyl groups can be from about 3%, preferably from about 5%, more preferably from about 10% to about 30%, preferably to about 25%, more preferably to about 18%. As stated herein above cis and trans isomers can be used, preferably with a cis/trans ratio is of from 1:1, preferably at least 3:1, and more preferably from about 4:1 to about 50:1, more preferably about 20:1, however, the minimum being 1:1.
The level of unsaturation contained within the tallow, canola, or other fatty acyl unit chain can be measured by the Iodine Value (IV) of the corresponding fatty acid, which in the present case should preferably be in the range of from 5 to 100 with two categories of compounds being distinguished, having a IV below or above 25.
Indeed, for compounds having the formula:
derived from tallow fatty acids, when the Iodine Value is from 5 to 25, preferably 15 to 20, it has been found that a cis/trans isomer weight ratio greater than about 30/70, preferably greater than about 50/50 and more preferably greater than about 70/30 provides optimal concentrability.
For compounds of this type made from tallow fatty acids having a Iodine Value of above 25, the ratio of cis to trans isomers has been found to be less critical unless very high concentrations are needed. A further preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises DEQA""s wherein the average Iodine Value for R1 is approximately 45.
The R1 units suitable for use in the isotropic liquids present invention can be further characterized in that the Iodine Value (IV) of the parent fatty acid, said IV is preferably from about 10, more preferably from about 50, most preferably from about 70, to a value of about 140, preferably to about 130, more preferably to about 115. However, formulators, depending upon which embodiment of the present invention they choose to execute, may wish to add an amount of fatty acyl units which have Iodine Values outside the range listed herein above. For example, xe2x80x9chardened stockxe2x80x9d (IV less than or equal to about 10) may be combined with the source of fatty acid admixture to adjust the properties of the final softener active.
A prefered source of fatty acyl units, especially fatty acyl units having branching, for example, xe2x80x9cGuerbet branchingxe2x80x9d, methyl, ethyl, etc. units substituted along the primary alkyl chain, synthetic sources of fatty acyl units are also suitable. For example, the formulator may with to add one or more fatty acyl units having a methyl branch at a xe2x80x9cnon-naturally occuringxe2x80x9d position, for example, at the third carbon of a C17 chain. What is meant herein by the tern xe2x80x9cnon-naturally occuringxe2x80x9d is xe2x80x9cacyl units whihc are not found in significant (greater than about 0.1%) quantities is common fats and oils which serve as feedstocks for the source of triglycerides described herein.xe2x80x9d If the desired branched chain fatty acyl unit is unavailable from readily available natural feedstocks, therefore, synthetic fatty acid can be suitably admixed with other synthetic materials or with other natural triglyceride derived sources of acyl units.
The following are examples of preferred softener actives according to the present invention.
N,N-di(tallowyl-oxy-ethyl)-N,N-dimethyl ammonium chloride;
N,N-di(canolyl-oxy-ethyl)-N,N-dimethyl ammonium chloride;
N,N-di(tallowyl-oxy-ethyl)-N-methyl, N-(2-hydroxyethyl) ammonium methyl sulfate;
N,N-di(canolyl-oxy-ethyl)N-methyl, N-(2-hydroxyethyl) ammonium methyl sulfate;
N,N-di(tallowylamidoethyl)-N-methyl, N-(2-hydroxyethyl) ammonium methyl sulfate;
N,N-di(2-tallowyloxy-2-oxo-ethyl)-N,N-dimethyl ammonium chloride;
N,N-di(2-canolyloxy-2-oxo-ethyl)-N,N-dimethyl ammonium chloride;
N,N-di(2-tallowyloxyethylcarbonyloxyethyl)-N,N-dimethyl ammonium chloride;
N,N-di(2-canolyloxyethylcarbonyloxyethyl)-N,N-dimethyl ammonium chloride;
N-(2-tallowoyloxy-2-ethyl)-N-(2-tallowyloxy-2-oxo-ethyl)-N,N-dimethyl ammonium chloride;
N-(2-canolyloxy-2-ethyl)-N-(2-canolyloxy-2-oxo-ethyl)-N,N-dimethyl ammonium chloride;
N,N,N-tri(tallowyl-oxy-ethyl)-N-methyl ammonium chloride;
N,N,N-tri(canolyl-oxy-ethyl)-N-methyl ammonium chloride;
N-(2-tallowyloxy-2-oxoethyl)-N-(tallowyl)-N,N-dimethyl ammonium chloride;
N-(2-canolyloxy-2-oxoethyl)-N-(canolyl)-N,N-dimethyl ammonium chloride;
1,2-ditallowyloxy-3-N,N,N-trimethylammoniopropane chloride; and
1,2-dicanolyloxy-3-N,N,N-trimethylammoniopropane chloride;
and mixtures of the above actives.
Particularly preferred is N,N-di(tallowoyl-oxy-ethyl)-N,N-dimethyl ammonium chloride, where the tallow chains are at least partially unsaturated and N,N-di(canoloyl-oxy-ethyl)-N,N-dimethyl ammonium chloride, N,N-di(tallowyl-oxy-ethyl)-N-methyl, N-(2-hydroxyethyl) ammonium methyl sulfate; N,N-di(canolyl-oxy-ethyl)-N-methyl, N-(2-hydroxyethyl) ammonium methyl sulfate; and mixtures thereof.
Additional fabric softening agents useful herein are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,643,865 Mermelstein et al., issued Jul. 1, 1997; U.S. Pat. No. 5,622,925 de Buzzaccarini et al., issued Apr. 22, 1997; U.S. Pat. No. 5,545,350 Baker et al., issued Aug. 13, 1996; U.S. Pat. No. 5,474,690 Wahl et al., issued Dec. 12, 1995; U.S. Pat. No. 5,417,868 Turner et al., issued Jan. 27, 1994; U.S. Pat. No. 4,661,269 Trinh et al, issued Apr. 28, 1987; U.S. Pat. No. 4,439,335 Burns, issued Mar. 27, 1984; U.S. Pat. No. 4,401,578 Verbruggen, issued Aug. 30, 1983; U.S. Pat. No. 4,308,151 Cambre, issued Dec. 29, 1981; U.S. Pat. No. 4,237,016 Rudkin et al., issued Oct. 27, 1978; U.S. Pat. No. 4,233,164 Davis, issued Nov. 11, 1980; U.S. Pat. No. 4,045,361 Watt et al., issued Aug. 30, 1977; U.S. Pat. No. 3,974,076 Wiersema et al., issued Aug. 10, 1976; U.S. Pat. No. 3,886,075 Bernadino, issued May 6, 1975; U.S. Pat. No. 3,861,870 Edwards et al., issued Jan. 21 1975; and European Patent Application publication No. 472,178, by Yamamura et al., all of said documents being incorporated herein by reference.

Laundry detergent compositions with a cationically charged dye maintenance polymer


An apparatus and method for reproducing energy in an engine driving system, the driving system has an engine with several cylinders and an cooling device connected to the engine, the cooling device has at least one water tank for outputting cooling water to the engine and inputting heated cooling water from the engine. A separator chamber connected to the engine and the water tank. When the heated water flows into the separator chamber from the engine, part of the heated water is decomposed into oxygen and hydrogen. The oxygen and hydrogen is delivered to the water tank from the separator chamber. A storage chamber store the oxygen and hydrogen from the water tank and deliver them to the cylinders of the engine as a reproduced fuel in order to enhance combustion and reduce the emitting of the exhaust of the engine.

This invention relates generally to an apparatus and method for reproducing energy, in particular, to enhance combustion in an engine driving system by delivering oxygen and hydrogen into the cylinders of the engine.
In general, with fuels used in internal combustion engines, external combustion engines, and other combustion apparatus, exhaust gases are generated by combustion to release various types of noxious chemical substances into the atmosphere, thus causing an environmental pollution. These noxious chemical substances include, for example, CO, HC, NOx, and SOx. Heretofore, to suppress generation of such noxious chemical substances, fuel combustion efficiency has been improved by improving the quality of fuels used or by improving various combustion devices. In addition, the exhaust gases released have been treated by a variety of exhaust gas removing devices using catalysts to prevent pollution. However, such prior art methods have been insufficient to reduce pollutive substances, and the improvement of fuel quality has been difficult in view of the costs. To overcome the defects, recently, the industry intends to use fuel activation devices to enhance combustion and reduce harmful gases. In the U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,605,498, 4,711,271, 5,055,189, 5,044,346, 5,080,080, 5,460,144, 5,632,254 and 5,873,353, magnetic field effect or far infrared ray is used to activate fuel to decompose the fuel molecule and therefore enhance combustion and reduce the harmful gases.
Combustion includes fuel, hydrogen in the fuel and oxygen in the air. Activating fuel only improves-one element of combustion. Fuels like gasoline are composed mainly of carbon-hydrogen chemical compound with different molecule structures. The main elements of the compounds are carbon and hydrogen. The fuels, which contain high percentage of hydrogen usually, are easily ignited to produce power. Carbon and hydrogen are active elements. They can easily combine with oxygen and then blaze. Therefore if we can provide sufficient air (oxygen is about 20% of air), the combustion of the fuels will be efficient and less harmful gas will be produced. Adding more hydrogen and into combustion equipments like engines can reduce the consumption of fuels and adding oxygen can help the hydrogen both in the fuel and in the air burn and avoid the combine of carbon and hydrogen since usually carbon and hydrogen will combine as harmful gases.
It is therefore a primary objective of the present invention to provide an apparatus and method for reproducing energy that can enhance combustion.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and method for reproducing energy that can reduce the production of harmful gases.
The present invention, briefly summarized, in one embodiment discloses an apparatus and method for reproducing energy used in engine driving systems. The driving system has an engine with several cylinders and a cooling device connected to the engine. The cooling device has at least one water tank for outputting cooling water to the engine and inputting heated cooling water from the engine. The apparatus comprises: (1) a separator chamber for separating liquid and gas and the separator chamber comprises: an input connected to the engine for receiving heated cooling water, some of the heated cooling water decomposed into oxygen and hydrogen; a first output, connected to the water tank, for outputting the heated cooling water to the water tank; and a second output, connected to the water tank, for outputting the oxygen and hydrogen to the water tank. (2) a storage chamber, with an input connected to the water tank for receiving oxygen and hydrogen inside the tank and an output connected to the engine for outputting the oxygen and hydrogen to the cylinders.
In order to reduce the load of compressing process of the cylinders and efficiently use the heat produced by the engine, the storage chamber may first connected to a joint then connected to the engine and the joint connected to a heat collector collecting heat from the engine and preheating the oxygen and hydrogen passing through the joint.
In order to increase the amount of the collection of oxygen and hydrogen, the apparatus further comprises a gas bypass in the way that the separator chamber further comprises a third output connected to the gas bypass and the storage chamber further comprises a second input connected to the gas bypass for receiving the oxygen and hydrogen from the gas bypass.
In order to avoid abnormal pressure in the engine, a pressure regulator is recommended installed on the engine.

Apparatus and method for reproducing energy


A picture print playing apparatus has a hard disk which contains a period-setting file in which a display-start date of a period-limited frame picture on a screen is stored. When the display-start date agrees with the present date, a frame picture which has already been displayed on a CRT, is replaced by the period-limited frame picture. Thereby, if the same display-start date and time are set in all of the picture print playing apparatuses, the period-limited frame pictures are simultaneously replaced at the same time in plural apparatuses at the same time.

This application is based on Patent Application No. 10-242249 filed in Japan, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
This invention relates generally to a picture print playing apparatus having a function for superimposing a user""s subject picture on an elected frame picture so as to produce a self-portrait, and providing a sticker sheet onto which the self-portrait is printed to the user.
Conventionally, there has been known a picture print playing apparatus, which superimposes a user""s desired subject picture taken by a camera on previously prepared frame picture data as a background picture so as to produce a self-portrait and display it on a CRT (cathode ray tube), and prints the self-portrait onto a sticker sheet using a video printer (e.g., publication of Japanese laid-open utility model application No. 6-15382).
In the above-mentioned picture print playing apparatus, variously designed frames are previously prepared for using them as a background picture of the self-portrait. It has been known that the frequency of usage of the picture print playing apparatus greatly depends on types, designs and the like of frame pictures which are stored in the apparatus. Accordingly, if the apparatus always displays the same picture frames which were previously set for the long time, users will become tired of them. To solve this problem, a picture print playing apparatus has been provided wherein a management person can arbitrarily renew the frame picture data (e.g., official gazette of Japanese utility model No. 3044500).
However, if a plurality of the above-described picture print playing apparatuses are placed at many regions, maintenance personnel has to bring a disk or the like containing frame picture data and replace the frame picture data in order to always display frame picture data having distinctive features according to seasons and regions. This reduces productivity, and causes a problem of increasing costs. Further, the above-described picture print playing apparatus may use frame pictures of a period-limited type in which a playing period is limited according to each of campaigns and the like, but in the above-mentioned conventional method for replacing the frame picture data, it is difficult to simultaneously carry out the replacement in all of the playing apparatuses. As a result, it has been impossible to unify the playing period for all of the apparatuses.
Moreover, it has been known that a picture print playing apparatus is connected to a host computer for downloading frame picture data from said host computer, thereby, timely replacing frame picture data. However, in this replacing method, it is also difficult to transmit frame picture data simultaneously to a plurality of playing apparatuses, so that it has been impossible to unify the playing period of the frame pictures for all of the apparatuses. Further, the apparatus requires a special program in order to download the renewal frame picture data so as to replace the frame pictures. While said program is operated, users cannot use the apparatus for printing a photograph on stickers. Consequently, if a picture print playing apparatus is placed in a busy street, and incessantly used by users one after another all the time from the start-up in the morning until the operation is stopped in the night, there occurs no time for replacing the frame picture data, which causes a delay in downloading the frame picture data between said apparatus and other apparatuses, and the playing period of the period-limited frame pictures considerably differs in each of apparatuses.
This invention is made to solve the above-mentioned problems. One object of the present invention is to provide a picture print playing apparatus wherein frame pictures of a period-limited type are simultaneously replaced in plural apparatuses with ease.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned objects, according to one aspect of the present invention, in a picture print playing apparatus having a function for superimposing a user""s subject picture on an elected frame picture so as to produce a self-portrait, and providing a sticker onto which the self-portrait is printed to the user, when the present date and time agree with a display-start date and time of frame picture data stored in a memory, said frame picture replaces a frame picture which has already been displayed on a screen, and said new frame picture is automatically displayed so as to be used for playing. Therefore, if the same display-start time and date are set in all of the playing apparatuses, frame pictures can be simultaneously replaced at the same time in the playing apparatuses. This eliminates a necessity of simultaneously replacing the frame pictures on the display-start date and time by plural maintenance personnel, and a necessity of simultaneously transmitting frame picture data to a plurality of apparatuses which are connected to a host computer through a communication line. Thereby, the present invention makes it possible to unify the date and time of replacing the frame pictures for a plurality of playing apparatuses with using a simple constitution.

Picture print playing apparatus capable of replacing a frame picture according to a set period


Off-notes normally associated with chocolates made from ingredients containing dairy powders can be avoided using a dry mill in connection with a modified atmosphere to reduce the particle sizes of the ingredients. The modified atmosphere may be air at a temperature of about 65xc2x0 C. to about 120xc2x0 C., or an atmosphere having less than about 5.0 percent oxygen.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to food processing and to methods and systems for particle size reduction of edible starting materials. Specifically, the invention utilizes dry milling for the particle size reduction with either an unreactive ambient atmosphere circulating in a closed loop, or an increased temperature atmosphere. The methods and systems of the present invention may be used to produce novel chocolate products free of off-notes.
2. Description of the Related Art
The smooth mouthfeel of chocolate depends to a large extent on the size of the chocolate solids contained in a recipe. Large particles, exceeding 50 to 60 microns, for example, impart a gritty texture not normally viewed as acceptable. This requirement makes particle size reduction a critical step in chocolate making.
The traditional method of making chocolate employs a 2, 3, or 5 roll refiner for reducing the size of a paste containing sugar, milk, chocolate liquor and fat. Cocoa butter, milk fat, or a combination of these, may be used depending on the desired recipe. Agitated ball mills, stone mills and refiner conches have also been used. All of these wet grinding apparatus are known to be labor intensive to operate and expensive to maintain.
In recent years, as consumers have demanded lower fat content chocolates, the roll refiner has met with limitations. International Application WO 99/45789, incorporated by reference herein in its entirety, discloses using particle size control to obtain chocolates having fat content below about 25 weight percent.
Dry milling of chocolate ingredients in an air-jet mill, air classifying mill, hammer mill, or the like, permits improved particle size control. Even for conventional recipes having greater than 25 percent fat, dry milling provides rheological advantages, as disclosed in V. Eynck, xe2x80x9cDry Grinding and Mixing of
Compound Coatings,xe2x80x9d 43rd P.M.C.A. Production Conference (1989), pp. 35-38.
In view of the foregoing, it would be desirable to move toward dry milling of chocolate and chocolate precursors from the standpoint of efficiency, cost and finished product quality.
However, dry milling has been found to lead to loss of desirable flavors and in many cases to the development of off-notes. These off-notes are flavors not normally found in chocolate and generally seen as undesirable. The inventors have discovered several off notes arising in the dry milling of chocolate ingredients, including xe2x80x9cmetallic,xe2x80x9d xe2x80x9cfishy,xe2x80x9d xe2x80x9ccardboard,xe2x80x9d xe2x80x9cwet-dogxe2x80x9d and xe2x80x9crancidxe2x80x9d notes that can carry over to chocolate made from these ingredients. The extent of the off-note intensity has been linked to the source of the raw materials. Dairy powders derived from milk of pasture-fed cattle appear to have a greater propensity to develop these undesirable flavors. This has severely limited the use of dry milling for widespread chocolate manufacture. Without wishing to be bound by any theory of what is responsible for these phenomena, it is believed that exposing nonfat milk, whole milk, lactose, sugar (sucrose), cocoa, flavorings and combinations thereof to attrition in combination with high volumes of air is sufficient to create the objectionable off-notes.
The solution to the problem of off-notes has proven to be elusive. Addition of very effective natural and synthetic anti-oxidants including TBHQ, BHT, BHA, and vitamin E to a dry mix of powders prior to milling has no significant impact on the off-note generation.
International Application WO 93/19629 discloses a method of preserving foods using noble gases. With regard to chocolate, the method entails contact, and preferably the saturation of, chocolate with a noble gas such as argon, at any stage, and preferably at every stage of chocolate production. The above International Application does not disclose or suggest dry milling of chocolate ingredients.
This invention is directed to methods and systems for manufacturing powdered edibles free of off-notes. The invention allows for the integration of dry milling into the production of chocolate in a continuous process without using a roll refiner.
A method according to one embodiment of the invention comprises feeding an edible composition comprising milk powder and containing less than about 15 percent fat through a dry mill in continuous contact with air having a temperature between about 65xc2x0 C. and about 120xc2x0 C. to produce reduced-size particles, and recovering the reduced-size particles. In a more preferred embodiment, the exit temperature of the dry mill (dry mill exit temperature) is between about 68xc2x0 C. and about 85xc2x0 C. In the most preferred embodiment, the dry mill exit temperature is between about 70xc2x0 C. and about 75xc2x0 C.
In a preferred embodiment, the dry mill used with the system is an air classified mill which reduces the particle size of the starting material to between about 10 and about 60 microns. After particle size reduction, the particles may be combined with chocolate liquor, cocoa butter and other materials to make chocolate. When referring to particle size herein, the measurements were taken using a micrometer.
In preferred chocolate-manufacturing embodiments, the starting material comprises a milk powder and contains between about 0.08 weight percent and about 12 weight percent fat, and the particles obtained are free of off-notes. In preferred embodiments the starting material contains between about 10 and about 12 percent fat.
In another embodiment, the system of this invention includes a closed gas circulation loop containing a circulating gas; a fan to circulate gas continuously throughout the closed gas circulation loop; a source of substantially unreactive gas operatively connected to the gas circulation loop; a damper to control the addition of the substantially unreactive gas to the circulating gas; a source of edible starting material; a dry mill operatively connected to the source of edible starting material to reduce the particle size of the edible starting material to form product particles; and a gas-solid separator to recover the product particles from the circulating gas. In a preferred embodiment, the edible starting material and the product particles are continuously contacted with said circulating gas.
A preferred method of making chocolate using the above-described closed system comprises providing a substantially unreactive gas to the closed system, feeding a composition comprising chocolate liquor, powdered milk product and sugar and containing less than about 15 percent fat through a dry mill in contact with the circulating gas to produce particles, recovering the particles from the circulating gas, and combining the particles with cocoa butter, additional chocolate liquor and other ingredients to make chocolate.

Food materials with improved flavor and functionality due to size reduction in a modified atmosphere


Description and specifications of a new and distinct cultivar of wine grapevine which originated from a hand-pollinated cross of ‘Seyval Blanc’ (female parent) and ‘Muscat Ottonel’ (male parent) made in 1988. The seedlings fruited in the summer of 1992 in a vineyard near Clarksville, Ark. and one was selected for its potential as a wine grape for utilization in the Mid-South. The original vine was tested as ‘Ark. 2359’. The new cultivar of grapevine is a white wine grape which is adapted to the Mid-South of the United States with good winter hardiness and distinct muscat flavor.

The new and distinct cultivar of grapevine named 'Indulgence' is described herein. The new cultivar originated from a hand-pollinated cross of 'Seyval Blanc' (not patented) and 'Muscat Ottonel' (not patented) made in 1988. The seedlings fruited in the summer of 1992 in a vineyard near Clarksville, Ark. and one was selected for its potential as a wine grape for utilization in the Mid-South of the United States. The original vine was tested as 'Ark. 2359'. The new cultivar of grapevine is a white wine grape which is adapted to the Mid-South of the United States with good winter hardiness and distinct muscat flavor.

THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ARKANSAS


A mechanism is provided to a user which allows “ubiquitous” searching—searching of possibly heterogeneous search repositories. In one embodiment, this search mechanism is provided by means of a search framework underlying a web-based user interface. When a search request is made, the underlying search framework detects the search request and its associated parameters, associates the search request with the required search provider or providers while still exposing (through the search context) the full search functionality for all search providers currently configured with the search framework, dispatches the search requests, and handles the return of search results in a unified format. The search providers follow the search framework's interfaces through which the search framework can detect the search method offered by the search provider, and results format and option information.

A data repository stored on a computer system may contain data useful for a user. However, the data repository may be too large for the user to find the data by examining the entire data repository. Additionally, some parts of the data repository may contain information that for security or privacy reasons should not be made accessible to the user, even if other parts can be made accessible to the user. In many cases, in order to allow the user useful access to the data in the data repository, a search mechanism is provided. The search mechanism allows a user to issue a search request (also termed a search query). One or more results (if any are found) are then returned for the user. These results may include the entire data item which the user has requested. Results may also be summary results, which include only summary information which can be used to obtain the entire data item.
For example, a search for a specific author in a bookseller's data repository may yield a number of results, each with the entire data item for each book by that specific author, including, for example, title, item number, condition, price, publication date, publisher, number of pages, etc. Alternatively, where results are only summary results, each result may include only title, an item number, the condition of the book, and the price of the book. Where summary results are provided, often a way to access the complete data item (or a more complete version of the data item) is included as part of a summary result. For example, where a search is performed using a web browser, a hypertext link to the data item may be provided as part of the summary result.
A user may wish to search a number of different search repositories at the same time. However, performing such a search on a number of different search repositories at the same time presents difficulties. Different search repositories may have different search mechanisms, and a single query may not be valid for each search repository being searched. These differences create a situation in which a user must remember how to request data from each data repository.
Additionally, the results from different search repositories may be returned in different formats, and/or with different information included in each results. For example, a search for a specific author may be performed for a book on a bookseller's data repository. A search for the same author may be performed on a library system's data repository. The query may need to be sent in two different ways for these two different data repositories. Additionally, the results received may contain different information. The search results from the bookseller may include, for each result, in this order:                the title of the book,        an item number,        the condition of the book, and        the price of the book.The results from the library system may include, in this order:        the call number of the book,        the title of the book,        the author of the book,        the publisher of the book,        the copyright date of the book, and        information regarding whether the book is currently available at the library.
Where a user wishes to collect all of the results from different data repositories, the disparity in both the information retrieved and the order of retrieval would make it confusing for a user to view all sets of results in one list.
Thus, there is a need for a way to provide a user with access to more than one data repository, simplifying the issuance of a request for data to more than one data repository and presenting data in a manner which is more immediately understandable to the user.


Peroxo-carbonates derived from molten alkali and/or Group II metal salts, particularly carbonate salts are used as catalysts in oxidation and epoxidation reactions. Transition metal compounds may be included to improve the selectivity of the reactions.

The present invention is concerned with oxidation and in particular the oxidation of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons using molten alkali metal and/or Group II metal carbonate. The invention may be used to oxidize alkanes to produce oxygen containing organic compounds such as alcohols, and carbonyl containing compounds such as aldehydes and ketones and carboxylic acids. In addition it may be used to oxidize alkenes to produce epoxides or aromatic substrates to their corresponding oxygenated species. In particular the invention is concerned with the oxidation of C1 to C4 alkanes and more particularly methane, ethane, propane and butane, preferably derived from natural gas.
The availability of large quantities of natural gas has led to numerous proposals to upgrade the gas to more valuable chemicals including oxygen-containing organic compounds. The only commercial processes so far developed have required the sequential steps of catalytic dehydrogenation of the alkane to form an olefin followed by oxidation of the reactive olefinic site to produce the oxygenate. Other processes have been proposed for the direct oxidation of alkanes to oxygenates. However, these processes have low conversion and low selectivity and usually require high temperatures.
The two stage vapour phase oxidation of propylene to produce acrylic acid is known. However, there is no known commercial process based on propane oxidation to acrylic acid. The production of acrylic acid from propane would be more attractive because of the significant price difference between propane and propylene.
It is known that molten metal salts can be used as oxidation catalysts. For example U.S. Pat. No. 4,785,123 proposes the use of molten nitrates for the oxidation of alkylenes and alkanes. The oxidation of propylene and isobutene using a mixture of molten potassium nitrate and molten sodium nitrate is exemplified although the yields of the oxidation products are low. Similar reactions are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,882,443; 4,883,889; 4,885,374; 4,943,643; 4,959,486; 4,992,567. Various co-catalysts are also proposed in European Patent Publication EP 0 268 870 and PCT Publication WO 92/09588 and these are said to improve conversion and selectivity.
A possible reaction mechanism for these premises is provided in Applied Catalysis A general 196(2000) 217224 entitled "The direct epoxidation of propene by metal salts" by T A Nijhuis, S Musch, M Mackhee and K A Monlijn.
Molten metal carbonates are also known for use in fuel cells and are described in a paper in the J Phys Chem B 2004 108 pages 7553 to 7556 by Chen et al. The paper is particularly concerned with determining the nature of the active oxygen species.
The present inventors recognize that that molten carbonate salts may be used as oxidation catalysts through the in situ generation of peroxo-carbonate species.


The apparatus includes a pair of molds each having a peripheral flange provided with a mating surface. The molds are clamped by a suitable number of clamp assemblies for clamping the flanges of the molds so that the molds are secured together with the mating surfaces in contact with each other. The clamp assembly includes a pair of clamp members for engagement with the flanges of the molds, a shaft passing through the clamp members, a first stop member provided on the shaft for engagement with one of the clamp members, a spacer provided on the shaft for axial slidable movement and adapted for engagement with the other of the clamp members, a second stop member provided on the shaft for engagement with the spacer at an end opposite to the other of the clamp members. The shaft is made of a material having a coefficient of thermal expansion which is smaller than that of a material from which the spacer is made so that the spacer has a thermal expansion in the axial direction which is not smaller than a thermal expansion in the axial direction of the shaft under the same temperature increase.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a process and apparatus for forming a product of a thermoplastic material. More particularly, the present invention pertains to a process and apparatus for manufacturing a product made of a thermoplastic material by placing a pair of sheets of a thermoplastic resin between a pair of molds and injecting pressurized gas between the pair of thermoplastic resin sheets so that the sheets are deformed under the gas pressure along the mold cavities.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Known processes for manufacturing a thermoplastic resin product includes a so-called blow molding in which a pair of resin sheets are placed between a pair of molds and pressurized gas is introduced between the sheets to form the sheets along the forming surfaces of the molds. In the case where the blow molding is applied to a forming of a thermoplastic resin, the molds may be mounted on a hot press machine so that the molds are heated during the forming process. Alternatively, the molds may be provided with heaters which are embedded therein and the forming process may be carried out in a press machine.
In the conventional processes, the molds are forced toward each other by means of a press only in one direction. Therefore, the processes can be applied for a manufacture of a product having relatively planar mating surfaces. Another problem inherent to the conventional processes is that the molds used in these processes must be of precisely machined ones so that they can be used in a press machine. It should further be noted that there is a limit in the conventional processes in respect of the size of the products made by these processes since the processes must be carried out in press machines. A further problem in the conventional processes is that the part halves produced by the pair of resin sheets are not attached together at the time of molding so that they have to be joined together after the molding process.

Apparatus for forming thermoplastic material


A temperature controlled cosmetic treatment facial mask with area-specific treatments of the present invention includes a substantially planar mask body which is formed with cut-outs for a person's eyes, nose, and mouth. The mask may include a number of large and small area treatment zones in combination with asymmetrical treatment zones suitable for treatment of specific and localized skin conditions. The treatments zones are coated with skin treatments, such as compounds, lotions, gels, and the like as are known in the facial treatment, cosmetics, spa and medical industry. The mask may include a self-heating or cooling substrate to provide temperature control to the face mask and each mask may include heating areas, cooling areas, or both. A system is also provided that includes an imaging device that feeds its output to a central computer system having an image analyzer, CPU, memory and Look Up Table, and face map for determining specific treatment requirements for the particular patient. An output from the central computer system is provided to a treatment deposition device which deposits various treatments onto an intermediate membrane layer to generate a custom temperature controlled facial mask with area-specific treatments for that particular patient.

For centuries, various lotions and creams have been used to treat a variety of skin conditions. This is particularly so in recent years as the facial mask has become a more popular portion of a spa treatment. A facial mask typically consists of the application of a thick cream-like beauty product to the face. Since their introduction, facial masks have become a staple in many women's beauty regimen both at home and in professional spas. Facial masks are particularly popular due to their versatility and their ability to be customized with various skin treatments to meet a variety of skin health and beauty needs for each individual person.
People have used a variety of facial masks for centuries. Some of the early accounts of facial treatments include the use of river clay, mud and fruit being applied to the face for beauty purposes. For instance, people have used Dead Sea mud, known for its high mineral content, as a base material for facial masks for many years. In more modern approaches, facial masks may take traditional facial recipes and couple them with more modern pharmaceutical medications or highly concentrated vitamin extracts.
Facial masks are rarely the only part of a facial treatment. Instead, a facial mask is typically just one specific element in a woman's overall beauty routine. Nevertheless, facial masks can be one of the most important elements for cleaning and purifying facial skin in preparation for subsequent skin treatments. For example, various facial masks are often used to clean and tone facial skin before applying makeup. Facial masks can also be used for health and medical purposes, such as healing burns, post-surgical treatment, and reducing the appearance of scars and other skin blemishes.
Traditional facial masks are usually built on a solution base, including for instance a clay or mud-based suspension. This solution base is often infused and may be mixed with other active or inactive ingredients so that the end product is a thick compound which may have a smooth creamy texture. The various ingredients combined can vary significantly, and are often selected for the known, or sometimes even the perceived, effects these ingredients have on the skin. For instance, users may apply a hydrating and wrinkle-reducing facial mask to the skin surrounding the eyes, nose and mouth. In order for this type of solution to be most effective in its purpose, it must be left on for a specified amount of time. In fact, depending on the contents of the mask, some facial masks are intended to be left on until dry, while other facial masks are intended to be removed after only a few minutes.
In some instances, a facial mask consists of a technician applying a liquid or gel covering directly onto the face. This allows the mixing and application of a variety of topical treatments to the skin being treated. In other instances, a facial mask may be created by saturating a cloth-like material with a particular topical treatment. This homogeneous treatment can then be applied to the face such that the topical treatments on the cloth-like material will contact the face.
Often times, facial masks are applied to the user's face, and then covered by a warm towel to heat and activate the mask solutions, and to improve absorption into the skin. These warm towels may serve to activate the solutions; however, the towels tend to cool quickly so that the mask returns to room temperature long before the facial treatment is over. Alternatively, it is often advantageous to provide a cooling facial mask. Currently, these cool facial masks are applied with a cool towel, which when applied to the person's skin, quickly warm up to ambient temperature. The use of ice, while appropriate in a trauma situation, is impractically cold for a relaxing facial treatment.
Unfortunately, currently available facial masks on cloth-like materials are homogeneous across the entire face. For instance, the same facial mask solution is applied to the cheeks and to the nose, despite the significant differences which can occur between the skin found on the nose and cheeks. Often, the skin on the nose tends to be more oily, and the skin on the cheeks tends to be more dry. Thus, some users with oily skin may choose a facial mask with a higher concentration of clay to absorb excess oil, whereas that same treatment has a detrimental effect on the already-dry cheek skin. Similarly, users that may be worried about facial wrinkles might choose a treatment that is hydrating and high in antioxidants and vitamins that are perceived to slow the process of aging, whereas that same treatment may compound the production of oils when applied to oily skin.
In light of the above, it would be advantageous to provide a facial mask that accommodates varying skin types over the same mask. It would also be advantageous to provide a treated non-woven or paper backed facial mask. It would also be advantageous to provide a heated or cooling mask which maintains its desired temperature for an extended period of time.

Temperature controlled facial mask with area-specific treatments


A high performance attenuator configuration divides a signal path into a plurality of parallel attenuator paths, each path having a predetermined attenuation value. A switch for each attenuator path is provided to couple selectively one of the attenuator paths to an input connector. Each attenuator path has an FET buffer amplifier, and the outputs of the FET buffer amplifiers are input to an electronic switch or multiplexer. The electronic switch selects the FET buffer amplifier output to be passed on to an output drive circuit.

The present invention relates to attenuation circuits, and more particularly to a high performance attenuator configuration that makes use of integrated junction field effect transistors to integrate functions that previously required mechanical switches.
Because of the requirement that one Megohm oscilloscopes have to be able to withstand input voltages up to one Kilovolt while having only microamperes of leakage, electro-mechanical relays are required to switch various attenuator functions. As shown in FIG. 1 current designs have at least four relay contacts in a signal path between an input connector and an FET preamplifier, with some instruments having many more. These relay switches often are responsible for much of the loss of signal fidelity; they represent a large part of the total attenuator cost since they are required to have low capacitance to ground, low inductance and small size; and they represent the least reliable component on many oscilloscopes.
What is desired is a high performance attenuator configuration that reduces the number of relay switches in the signal path to provide higher bandwidth, lower cost and increased reliability.

High performance attenuator configuration


An electronic device includes a front plate, a top plate, and a switch control unit. The front plate defines a receiving hole therein. The switch control unit includes a mounting frame mounted on the front plate, a switch mounted in the mounting frame, a contact element located above the switch, and a control assembly. When the top plate completely covers the front plate, the top plate presses the contact element, and the contact element resiliently presses the switch to turn on the switch. When the top plate is pulled away from the front plate, the switch is turned off. The control assembly includes a first knob rotatably received in the mounting frame. The first knob includes a pressing portion. When the first knob is rotated from a first position to a second position, the pressing portion abuts against the switch to keep the switch on.

1. Technical Field
The disclosure relates to electronic devices, and particularly to an electronic device with a switch control unit for controlling an automatic power-off function thereof.
2. Description of the Related Art
To protect the personal safety of users, computer server systems are required to automatically power-off when the computer server system is physically opened by a person. A conventional computer server system often includes multiple standard servers mounted in a server cabinet, and a side door mounted on one side of the server cabinet. When the side door of the computer server system is opened by a user, the computer server system automatically powers off, thereby protecting the user's personal safety.
However, for professional staff such as maintenance engineers, having the computer server system automatically power off when the side door is opened is inconvenient. This is because for many or most maintenance operations, power is required to carry out the operation. As a result, the work efficiency of such professional staff may be greatly diminished.
What is desired, therefore, is an electronic device which can overcome the above-described shortcomings.

Electronic device with switch control unit

Hong Fu Jin Precision Industry (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd.


A mobile terminal including a main body; first and second speakers positioned in different regions of the main body; and a controller configured to detect a vibration command, to determine if audio contents are currently being reproduced on the mobile terminal when the vibration command is detected, and to apply a first signal having a frequency of a limited range to only one speaker among the first and second speakers so that vibration is generated by the only one speaker and to apply a second signal corresponding to the audio contents to the other speaker so that the audio contents are output by the other speaker, when the contents are currently being reproduced when the vibration command is detected.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a mobile terminal, and more particularly, to a mobile terminal including a speaker and a method of vibrating the same.
2. Background of the Invention
Terminals can be classified into a mobile terminal and a stationary terminal based on its mobility. Furthermore, terminals can be further classified into a handheld terminal and a vehicle mount terminal based on whether or not the terminal can be directly carried by a user.
As it becomes multifunctional, the mobile terminal can capture still or moving images, play music or video files, play games, receive broadcast and the like, so as to be implemented as an integrated multimedia player. Moreover, in order to support and enhance the function of the terminal, improvements of the terminal may be considered in the aspect of structure or software.
On the other hand, a speaker for outputting sound and a vibration motor for generating vibration may be commonly mounted in a mobile terminal. However, as the apparatuses mounted in the mobile terminal increase, limitations on space utilization become severe. In particular, an electronic element that has large volume and weight such as a vibration motor is an obstacle to making the mobile terminal small and light. Therefore, a unit that may generate vibration instead of the vibration motor is required.

Mobile terminal and vibration method thereof


Dyed raw cellulose can be bleached in a bleaching and after-treatment bath containing, in addition to usual stabilizers, cationic-monomeric and/or polymeric compounds and, if desired, nonionic surfactants. Bleaching is carried out with the aid of aqueous-hydrogen peroxide. The stabilizers that can be used and the cationic compounds are defined in the specification. Nonionic tensides, if their co-use is desired, are those of the class polyglycolethers.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a process for the bleaching of raw cellulose, preferably raw cotton, materials dyed with direct or reactive dyestuffs in a bleaching and after-treatment bath, characterised in that this bath contains
a) stabilisers, PA1 b) cationic monomeric and/or polymeric compounds and, if desired, PA1 c) a non-ionic surfactant, PA1 and the bleaching auxiliaries comprising components a), b) and c). PA1 a) derivatives of phosphonic or phosphorous acid as stabilisers and, if desired, PA1 b) polyhydroxy compounds. PA1 a) stabilisers for the aqueous hydrogen peroxide bleaching liquors PA1 b ) cationic monomeric compounds and/or cationic polymers or polycondensation products and, if desired, PA1 c) non-ionic surfactants. PA1 a) 10-60% by weight of one or more stabilisers, PA1 b) 10-60% by weight of one or more cationic agents and PA1 c) 0 to 30% by weight of one or more non-ionic surfactants, preferably PA1 a) in an amount of 30-45% by weight, PA1 b) in an amount of 30-45% by weight and PA1 c) in an amount of 10-25% by weight. PA1 gluconic acid and sodium pyrophosphate PA1 polyacrylamide, hexametaphosphate and orthophosphate PA1 sodium gluconate and sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate PA1 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid PA1 gluconicacid, 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. PA1 b1) alkylamine salts PA1 b2) quaternary ammonium salts PA1 b3) alkylpyridinium salts PA1 b4) protonated imidazole compounds or quaternary imidazolinium salts thereof PA1 b5) alkyldiamines and alkylpolyamines and quaternisation products thereof PA1 b6) acyldiamines and acylpolyamines and quaternisation products thereof PA1 b7) methyleneoxyalkylpyridinium salts and PA1 b8) alkylethyleneureas. PA1 b9) cationic polymers and polycondensation products, such as often used in the paper and textile industry, for example described in: PA1 R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -hydroxyalkyl or both radicals, together with N, form a heterocyclic ring, PA1 R.sup.4 is --CO--NH--alkylene (C.sub.2 -C.sub.3) --COO--alkylene (C.sub.2 -C.sub.3) --CH(OH)--CH.sub.2 ----O--alkylene (C.sub.2 -C.sub.3) --O--CH.sub.2 --CH(OH)--CH.sub.2 -- PA1 m+n is 0 or 1 PA1 X.sup..crclbar. is an anion, PA1 R.sup.6 is R.sup.5 cyclohexyl, benzyl PA1 R.sup.7 is C.sub.2 -C.sub.12 -alkylene, which may be interrupted by one or more ##STR3## or structural units ##STR4## where R.sup.8 is ##STR5## or polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride dicyandiamide/formaldehyde/ammoniumchloride condensation products. PA1 batchwise processes (liquor ratio 2:1-40:1) 0.2-3.5 g/l (total active compound of the compounds according to the invention) PA1 continuous processes 0.8-20.0 g/l PA1 MgSO.sub.4.7H.sub.2 O PA1 non-ionic detergent, for example a reaction product of dodecyl alcohol with 4 mol of ethylene oxide PA1 NaOH PA1 H.sub.2 O.sub.2 PA1 and, if desired, with the addition of SiO.sub.2. Na.sub.2 O. PA1 pH value: 7.0-14, preferably 11.0-13.0 PA1 temperature: 25.degree.-98.degree. C., preferably 80.degree.-98.degree. C. PA1 time 5-180 min PA1 liquor ratio: 1:1-40:1 PA1 bleaching from long liquor, PA1 pad-steam bleaching, PA1 cold pad-batch bleaching, PA1 pad-roll bleaching, PA1 preferably underliquor bleach.
Textile materials made of cellulose fibres are subjected, according to the prior technique, during pretreatment for dyeing, to a bleaching process, for example using hydrogen peroxide, in alkaline medium. This is followed by drying, dyeing and washing the bleached material.
The large number of steps in the pretreatment, such as, for example, boiling, washing, bleaching and drying, are time-consuming and cost-intensive steps in the textile industry. There have already been many attempts to carry out the processes described above in a simpler and less costly manner.
2. Description of the Related Art
EP 0,100,300 describes a process for the after-treatment of dyed, non-pre-bleached cellulose-containing fibre materials in a combined washing and bleaching bath. The treatment bath contains the following components:
It is already known (cf. SU 472,179) to dye and bleach cellulose textiles at the same time. The treatment liquor contains Cubosol dyestuffs, sodium nitrite, wetting agents and hydrogen peroxide stabilised with sodium metasilicate. Fixation of the dyestuff and bleaching take place simultaneously in a saturated steam atmosphere at 100.degree. to 101.degree. C. over a period of 3 to 10 minutes.
However, even these processes were not able to fully meet the demands in practice.

Process for the after-bleaching of dyed raw cellulose using cationic compounds