For a self-controlling drill rod for rotary boring rods of machine rock drills, comprising an inner drilling shaft adapted to be connected with the boring rods and the boring tool and having a flush channel and a housing mounted on the drilling shaft so as to be rotatable thereabout, control bars capable of swinging out being disposed on the outside of the housing, and the parts of the hydrostatic drives acting on the control bars as well as the control electronics and control electrical system being provided within the housing, whereby the required energy is generated by the rotary motion during the boring operation, the inventive improvement is that an annular space exists between the drilling shaft and the housing having a radial connection with the flush channel of the drilling shaft and being closed off at each end by a rotary check valve keeping out the borehole fluid, and that the annular space serves as a tank for the working fluid of the hydraulic system, said fluid being formed by the drilling shaft fluid.

The present invention relates to a self-controlling drill rod for rotary boring tools of machine rock tools.
The inventive self-controlling drill rod is disposed behind the boring tool and generally in the vicinity thereof. Its inner drilling shaft is directly connected so as to rotate in particular with the deepest drill rod and with the boring tool. The boring tool used is, for example, a boring head equipped with a plurality of cross roller bits. The self-control therefore works directly behind the free cut of the boring tool, so that each deviation of the boring tool from the predetermined direction of boring is corrected so quickly that the direction of boring virtually coincides with the desired direction. The self-control means required therefor is placed with its various systems in the vertical housing which encloses the drilling shaft. On the outside the housing bears the control bars offset by equal angles of arc and pivoted at one end, which cooperate with the borehole face to apply the necessary correction forces. The housing contains chambers which accommodate the sensors designed as gradometers, the system serving to drive the control bars, which can swing out the control bars individually in accordance with the particular deviations, and the control electronics and possibly special electronics for acting on a measurement/pressure pulse generator which transmits data on the drilling progress via the borehole fluid. The housing also contains the stator of a generator that generates the electrical energy for the electronics and electrical system.
The chambers are generally placed one behind the other in radial projections of the vertical outer body which are placed behind control bars mounted at the end of the housing facing the rods and connected to the path limiter at the end facing the boring tool. This results in a space saving arrangement which allows for rods for borings with relatively small diameters, e.g. of 21.6 cm.
The rotary boring rods with which the inventive self-controlling drill rod is used are generally driven by a drill motor set up outside the boring. Such machine rock drills operating by the rotary drilling method produce borings sunk from the top to the bottom, in which the borehole fluid serves to carry the debris removed from the bottom of the borehole by the boring tool toward the top and out of the boring. This flushing can be performed with water with the inventive apparatus as well if the lifting speed is sufficient in the borehole, but weighted fluids producing an additional lift, which are known in the form of gel or mud having thixotrope properties when weighted, e.g. by bentonite, are also suitable. Since gravity supports the removal of debris from the borehole when drilling from the bottom to the top, the inventive apparatus can also be used for such borings provided drilling fluids are provided, for instance, to cool the bits.
The borehole mud flowing in the area between the boring rods and the borehole face can be used to transmit measured values. Part of the electrical system is then used for the hydraulic control of the pressure pulse generator which is mounted in the shaft and changes the cross-section of the flush channel. However, the hydraulic control of the pulse generator must be provided in the outer body.
Due to the largely miniaturized hydraulics in view of the lack of space in the housing, such self-controlling drill rods make it necessary to place high demands on the cleanness of the hydraulic working fluid and also to protect the mechanical parts, e.g. the bearings of the drilling shaft, which are especially sensitive to the penetration of debris.
The invention assumes a known self-controlling drill rod of the type described at the outset (Gluckauf journal 120 (1984) no. 13, pp. 819,822). One of the above-mentioned chambers serves here as a tank for the hydraulic working fluid (consisting of oil) of the hydraulic pumps for the pistons provided behind each control bar in the rods. The pumps constitute the pressure generators of the system and are driven mechanically, e.g. via an eccentric of the drilling shaft. The hydraulic control of the pressure pulse generator necessitates a number of rotary transmission leadthroughs of the drilling shaft in the housing, which are provided with soft seals sealed on the drilling shaft for sealing the working fluid of the hydraulic system pressurized at, e.g., 100 bar. The radial bearings of the drilling shaft are seated in the end of the housing, which are supplemented by an axial bearing disposed behind the radial bearing in the housing on the side facing the boring tool. These drilling shaft bearings are designed as rolling bearings to obtain an easy-running shaft in the housing. The faces of the housing are provided with rotary seals to protect the drilling shaft bearings, separating the bearing lubrication from the borehole mud and relieving the soft seals.
On the one hand, the described construction of these seals is elaborate and susceptible to disturbance due to the great number of their components. On the other hand, the sealing pressure of the rotary seals does not suffice for high pressures of the borehole fluid, as are encountered in the case of deep borings which must be sunk over several hundred or even thousand meters. The rotary bearing rings sealing against one another must be isolated. But even at small depths a lubricant wedge still forms between these rotary seal surfaces rubbing against each other. Even if they are mounted with the greatest care, the drilling shaft and the housing perform radial motions which also act between the rotary seal surfaces sealing against each other and provided with lubricant. This causes extremely fine debris to be drawn out of the borehole fluid into the above-mentioned lubricant wedge. These particles have an abrasive effect on the polished rotary seal surfaces rubbing against each other. This ultimately causes parts of the debris to come between the drilling shaft and the housing. They soon destroy the shaft bearings and also attack the generator, hydraulic pumps and soft seals of the rotary transmission leadthroughs. The damage or destruction of these parts is particularly dangerous because it may cause the oil serving as the working fluid to be lost. The entire amount of oil present is very small, so that even small losses of oil may cause the entire system to break down. Furthermore, contamination of the oil leads to considerable disturbances in the following hydraulic components of the system.
When such disturbances occur, they take place at varying depths in increasingly short time periods. They can only be eliminated when the apparatus is dismantled. This requires the entire boring rod system to be moved out of the borehole. The time period lost thereby and by moving the rods back in are unacceptable when they are more frequent than the time periods required for changing worn out boring tools.
The invention is based on the problem of simplifying the structure of the self-control means for a self-controlling drill rod having the features explained at the outset, and ensuring that the service life of the parts important to the system is at least great enough, independently of the pressure of the borehole fluid and thus of the depth of driven borings, to equal the service life of the boring tools.
According to the invention, the hydraulic differential pressure prevailing between the boring rod fluid in the flush channel of the drilling shaft and the borehole fluid at the particular end of the housing is utilized to prevent contaminated drilling fluid from passing out of the borehole into the housing, by branching off a partial current of the in-flowing fluid largely free from debris as the working medium of the hydraulic system. This differential pressure produces a pressure gradient from the annular space into the borehole, so that no debris can flow back. On the other hand, this pressure gradient is relatively small so that small pressure differences also prevail before and behind the check valves separating the clean borehole fluid from the contaminated borehole fluid, which considerably simplifies the structure of such valves.
The invention also utilizes the relatively clean boring rod fluid as the working fluid for the hydraulic system of the self-control means, which performs necessary work, for instance, in the drives of the control bars. This allows for the self-control means to be realized with a simplified hydraulic system even for very deep borings with accordingly high hydraulic pressures. The above-described rotary transmission leadthroughs are under the high hydraulic pressure of the fluid on the outside, and under the system pressure on the inside, resulting in small differential pressures in deep borings so that the soft seals can also be used here.
It has been shown that, in spite of the sensitive components of the hydraulic system of the self-control means, not only fluids consisting of water or gels are suitable as working fluids but also thixotrope muds, if they are separated from the borehole fluid and are therefore essentially free from debris. All types of fluids do acquire parts of the debris in the course of their use in the flushing cycle. But since the invention involves branching off a partial current of the fresh fluid, i.e., the boring rod fluid, into the annular space, dangerous contamination of the hydraulic working fluid can be counteracted. After the boring rods have been raised, the borehole fluid still stands in the borehole, but the fluid filling of the annular space can be maintained when the boring rods are being moved in and out by built-in check valves, thereby preventing debris from penetrating.
This also makes it possible to include the bearings in the boring rod fluid of the annular space and cool them with this fluid. The check valves have mainly a dirt-repellant effect on the debris of the borehole mud.
A further advance may be achieved by using the clean boring rod fluid to drive a pulse generator by generating the necessary pressure with a pump mechanically derived from the boring rods. This makes it possible to shape the pulses rendering the measured values in such a way they can be read off a differential pressure sensor at the borehole mouth without error.
The above-mentioned possibility of using boring rod fluids contaminated with particles of debris without any trouble in the inventive way as described above may be realized by providing a radial bore extending as far as the flush channel and having a filter built in which is acted on by the fluid from the flush channel, because suitable filters or filter media are available and have sufficient service lives, so that the regular removal of contaminated filters after the rods are raised to change the boring tool suffices to eliminate this source of trouble.
The check valves required at the ends of the housing or the annular space can be of relatively simple design. The valve body is formed by a metal ring placed in a groove in the vertical housing and biased with an annular spring assembly, for example, toward the valve seat which is placed in axially immovable fashion in a groove in the drilling shaft or a drilling shaft flange. Such metal rings are a known kind of seal and are suitable for rough operating conditions, like those occurring, for example, in construction engineering. They are particularly expedient as check valves for the purposes of the invention because their spring power is strengthened by the pressure of the borehole fluid applied on the outside and because the pressure gradient directed from the inside toward the outside prevents abrasive particles of the debris from coming between the metal ring surfaces projecting onto each other.


A free-tipped axial fan assembly features a shroud barrel comprising an inlet, the radius of said inlet at its upstream end being greater than the radius of said inlet at its downstream end. An angle, in a plane including the fan axis, between the surface of said inlet and the direction of the fan axis varies non-monotonically with respect to a surface coordinate which increases with distance along the surface of the inlet.

This invention relates generally to free-tipped axial-flow fans, which may be used as automotive engine-cooling fans, among other uses.
Engine-cooling fans are used in automotive vehicles to move air through a set of heat exchangers which typically includes a radiator to cool an internal combustion engine, an air-conditioner condenser, and perhaps additional heat exchangers. These fans are generally mounted in a shroud which directs air between the heat exchangers and the fan and controls recirculation. Typically, these fans are powered by an electric motor which is supported by the shroud.
The fans are typically injection-molded in plastic, a material with limited mechanical properties. Plastic fans exhibit creep deflection when subject to rotational and aerodynamic loading at high temperature. This deflection must be accounted for in the design process.
Although some engine-cooling fans have rotating tip hands connecting the tips of all the blades, many are free-tipped—i.e., the tips of the blades are free from connection with one another. Free-tipped fans have several advantages when compared to banded fans. They can have lower cost, reduced weight, better balance, and advantages due to their reduced inertia, such as lower couple imbalance, lower precession torque, and faster coast-down when de-powered.
Often free-tipped fans are designed to have a constant-radius tip shape, and to operate in a shroud barrel which is cylindrical in the area of closest clearance with the fan blades. In other cases, the tip radius is non-constant. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,595,744 describes a free-tipped engine-cooling fan in which the blade tips are shaped to conform to a flared shroud barrel. This configuration reduces flow separation at the entrance to the barrel while allowing the blade tip to operate in close proximity to the shroud.
Free-tipped fans are designed have a tip gap, or running clearance, between the blade tips and the shroud barrel. This tip gap must be sufficient to allow for both manufacturing tolerances and the maximum deflection that may occur over the service life of the fan assembly. In practice, this gap is generally at least 0.5 percent, but less than 2 percent of the fan diameter, and more typically approximately 1 percent of fan diameter.
The presence of a tip gap has numerous adverse effects on performance. One effect is that as the gap increases the teen must operate at higher speeds to achieve a given operating point. This is due to the fact that the blade loading the pressure differential between the pressure and suction sides of the fan blade is reduced in the vicinity of the gap. Other effects are reduced fan efficiency and increased fan noise, particularly when the system resistance is high. These adverse effects can limit the applicability of free-tipped fans to applications where the system resistance is relatively low. In order to increase the applicability of free-tip fans, there have been a number of attempts to overcome the adverse performance effects caused by the tip gap.
One approach is to design the fan so as to counteract the effect of the tip gap on the fan loading. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/035,440, issued as U.S. Pat. No. 9,004,860, describes a fan with improved tip loading in the presence of a tip gap. This fan can improve fan performance, but the efficiency and noise of the fan are still compromised by the gap.
Other of have sought to reduce the deflection of the blade tip, so that the tip gap can be made smaller without risk of interference. U.S. Pat. No. 6,595,744 describes a rake distribution which can reduce the axial deflection of a skewed free-tip fan, and U.S. Pat. No. 8,137,070 describes a leading- and trailing-edge skew distribution which minimizes radial deflection.
Another approach is to design the tip of the fan in such a way that the flow of air through a given size gap is minimized. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/964,872, published as U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0271172, describes a fan with a locally thickened tip which demonstrates improved efficiency and reduced noise compared with a fan with a non-thickened tip section.
Although past efforts have improved the efficiency and reduced the noise of five-tip fans, there is still a need for quieter free-tip fan assemblies, particularly at high-pressure operating points. At these operating points, the tip vortex generated by each blade may interact with that blade, the shroud barrel, and/or the following blade. This interaction can cause a significant increase in the noise compared with the noise at a lower-pressure operating point.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.


A method and system for determining and updating configuration settings on a device are provided herein. In some embodiments, a method for updating configuration settings on a device may include detecting an error condition produced by executing an app on the device, collecting information associated with the error condition, the app and the device responsive to the detected error condition, sending a request for new configuration settings, wherein the request includes the collected information, receiving one or more new configuration settings in response to the request, and updating one or more configuration settings of at least one of the device or the app using the new configuration settings received.

1. Field of the Invention
Embodiments of the present invention are related to the field of computing devices and services and more specifically, directed to a method and system for determining and updating configuration settings on a device.
2. Description of the Related Art
Software application developers (e.g., app developers) today deal with heavy fragmentation across various operating system architectures. For example, heavy fragmentation exists within the ANDROID™ ecosystem. There are hundreds of different devices in the market today, and each comes with its own feature set, i.e., drivers, screen resolution, volume controls, voice parameters, camera resolution, gain, and the like.
During testing, a company might decide to configure and test for a specific number of devices (e.g., the top 10 most popular devices at the time). That is, the app software code would account for the different parameters for those devices (e.g., by assigning specific values to appropriate variables) and should theoretically work with those devices. For other devices, there might be default settings in the code that may or may not work correctly. Also, devices that come out after code release would potentially not be covered, and may not work with, the default settings or assigned values.
Operating system developers have attempted to address this issue by developing an abstraction layer that allows app software developers to access features of the devices. However, the documentation is ambiguous and subject to interpretation as between app developers and device manufacturers, and fails to adequately normalize for differences between devices.
Thus, there is a need for a method and system to handle app errors, and automatically determine and update configuration settings on a device without the app developer having to configure for each device manually.

Method and system for determining device configuration settings


A rotary internal combustion engine has a hollow stator with inner cylindrical surface, and a right-prism rotor having rhombus-shape base with round angles and convex sides whose big diagonal equals the diameter of the stator. Two cavities within the rotor on opposite ends of the big diagonal of rhombus-shape base form principal combustion chambers with spark plugs. The hollow stator contains a diametrically opposed space separators sealingly engaged with the surface of the rotor. Variable volume intake, compression, power and exhaust chambers of the engine are formed by the inner surface of the stator, outer surface of the rotor and the side surfaces of the space separators. Intake and exhaust chambers are connected to the intake and exhaust systems via respective conduits. Compression and power chambers are connected to the combustion chambers via a slot openings controlled by the sliding covers moving within a radial rectangular grooves in the rotor.

1. Field of Invention
The invention relates to internal combustion engines, in particular to true rotary engines in which the energy of combusted gases directly drives rotation of the rotor and whose working members rotate around an axle fixed on a rotor.
2. Discussion of Prior Art
The drawbacks of a conventional internal combustion engine (CICE), in which reciprocal movements of the pistons are translated into rotation of a crankshaft via special transduction means, are well known. The major ones are: 1) low efficiency coefficient due to losses on friction of slide between pistons and cylinders walls and transduction of reciprocal-to-rotational motion; 2) excessive vibrations due to imbalances in the whole piston—transduction mechanism—crankshaft system; 3) big weight; 4) high fuel consumption; 5) necessity for many accessory mechanisms; 6) high environment-polluting propensity. Despite all these considerable drawbacks the CICE for over 100 years continues to be a dominant engine on most types of transportation and non-electrical motor-driven appliances. Moreover, it became the matter of wrongful prestige to bring to the forefront the number of cylinders, liters, valves and largely useless horse powers of such engine. The real alternative to the conventional reciprocal internal combustion engine is rotary internal combustion engine (RICE), in which the energy of expanding gasses directly drives the rotation of the shaft.
Many models of RICE have been proposed and patented. The search of the U.S. Patent Database with the patent's title words query "(((rotary AND internal) AND combustion) AND engine)" resulted in 876 hits, of which about 80% represent new technical solutions. The data on technical testing of the acting prototypes for the most patented RICE models is not available. However, it seems that limited or questionable benefits offered by existing technical solutions of the RICE so far do not justify mass production of any of them, and replacement of the CICE. Most existing models apparently suffer either from excessive complexity translatable into high weight and cost of production or do not provide notable gains in the efficiency coefficient due to inability to reduce leak of gasses among working members. The most advanced model of RICE in terms of industrial elaboration is Wankel engine. The rotor in this type of engine has three convex facets and rotates eccentrically within cylindrical stator with peritrochoidal inner surface. However, this model still suffers from problems in pressurization of the combustion chamber, insufficient durability of compression elements, poor fuel efficiency especially at low loads and enhanced emission of carbohydrates.
Most of the prior arts including authors own one (U.S. Pat. No. 7,077,098, NPC 123/240, July 2006) represent different variations of the vane-type RICE, in which the energy of combusted gasses drives rotation of the rotor via interaction with the vane(s) disposed on the rotor, as such configuration potentially provides the best conditions in terms of energy conversion efficiency. To create working chambers of variable volume required for performing gas compression and expansion cycles the prior arts took advantage of eccentric disposition of the rotor within cylindrical stator (U.S. Pat. No. 1,255,865, NPC 123/235, February 1918; U.S. Pat. No. 2,511,441, NPC 123/235, June 1950, U.S. Pat. No. 3,951,112, NPC 123/242, April 1976; U.S. Pat. No. 3,955,540, NPC 418/260, May 1976; U.S. Pat. No. 3,964,447, NPC 123/236, June 1976; U.S. Pat. No. 4,422,419, NPC 123/235, December 1983; U.S. Pat. No. 4,848,296, NPC 123/242, July 1989; U.S. Pat. No. 6,247,443, NPC 123/229, June 2001) or concentric disposition of the rotor within the stator having peritrochoidlellipsoid-like (U.S. Pat. No. 4,018,191, NPC 123/243, April 1977; U.S. Pat. No. 4,667,468, NPC 123/248, May 1987; U.S. Pat. No. 5,277,158, NPC 123/243, January 1994; U.S. Pat. No. 6,539,913, NPC 123/231, April 2003) or specially shaped (U.S. Pat. No. 1,792,026, NPC 123/235, February 1931; U.S. Pat. No. 4,515,123, NPC 123/222, May 1985; U.S. Pat. No. 5,423,297, NPC 123/213, June, 1995;U.S. Pat. No. 6,070,565, NPC 123/231, June 2000) inner surface together with the vanes movable in radial slots within the rotor while sealingly engaged with the surface of the stator. The spark plug(s) required to ignite compressed air-fuel mixture in all prior arts is placed within the stator's body.
However in many types of vane-type rotary engines the structure is complex due to many components and tangled intrinsic system of gas conduits, and thus manufacturing costs may become high. The reliability and durability of gas sealing mechanisms in existing technical solutions also remains the matter of concern. Most engines also require valves and consequently the additional cumbersome systems for their operation. Thus, simple and yet reliable model of RICE that would attract manufactures attention still remains a priority.

Shuba rotary internal combustion engine with rotating combustion chambers


Disclosed is a woven fabric having a plurality of fabric layers which are integrated through combined portions formed by interlacing warps or wefts of one of adjacent layers of some of warps or wefts of said one layer and warps or wefts of the other layer or some of warps or wefts of said other layer with common wefts or warps, wherein a set of adjacent four layers comprises recurring structural units comprising (A) a part having one combined portion formed by intermediate two layers, (B) a first non-combined part having no combined portion, (C) a part having two combined portions formed by subsequent two layers, respectively, and (B) a second non-combined part having no combined portion. A honeycomb structure having cells of a shape of tetragons, hexagons or a combination thereof is formed among the entire layers when the multi-layer fabric is expanded. 40-100 wt. % of the fibers constituting the fabric are organic fibers which are infusible or have a melting point of at least 300.degree. C. and have an initial modulus of at least 250 g/d, and 0-60 wt. % of the fibers constituting the fabric are inorganic fibers or metal fibers. A composite material comprising the multi-layer fabric as a reinforcer and a thermoplastic resin as a matrix has good mechanical strengths and thermal resistance and is valuable, e.g., as a structural material for an aircraft.

(1) Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a multi-layer woven fabric comprising a plurality of woven fabric layers and having a three-dimensional structure suitable as a reinforcing fiber for a fiber-reinforced composite material, and to a composite material comprising the multi-layer woven fabric as a reinforcer.
More specifically, the present invention relates to a multi-layer woven fabric in which honeycomb-like cells can be formed by a specific combination of combined portions and non-combined portions when the woven fabric is expanded, i.e., opened out, and to a high-grade composite material having excellent mechanical characteristics, which is obtained by combining this multi-layer woven fabric with a specific resin.
(2) Description of the Related Art
As one conventional composite material, there is known a structural material formed by bonding a surface member forming a surface layer to a core material having honeycomb-like structure (hereinafter referred to as "honeycomb core").
In general, conventional honeycomb cores are obtained by coating an adhesive in stripes spaced equidistantly on a thin sheet such as a paper, an aluminum foil or a film, laminating and bonding such adhesive-coated thin sheets, and expanding the bonded structure to form honeycomb-like structure having a multiplicity of cells.
It is known that a plane woven fabric composed of glass fibers or the like is used as the sheet material for forming a honeycomb core according to the abovementioned process, and it is also known that a composite material is prepared by impregnating this honeycomb core with a thermosetting resin such as an epoxy resin. However, this honeycomb core does not have a sufficient tensile strength, peel strength and shear strength of the bonded surfaces. Although the use of a honeycomb structural material as a structural material of an aircraft is now desired, a satisfactory honeycomb structure has not been obtained because of the abovementioned defect.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,102,559 discloses a composite material formed by impregnating a honeycomb structure woven from yarns composed of natural fibers, nylon fibers, glass fibers or the like with a thermosetting resin. In this composite material, the tensile strength of the bonded surfaces is improved and a relatively high compression strength is attained because the weaving honeycomb structure is combined with the thermosetting resin. However, this composite material is still unsatisfactory as a structural material for an aircraft, and since the composite material is brittle, if the stress is imposed repeatedly, the composite material is liable to be broken.
Furthermore, a composite material is known which comprises a mat of carbon fibers or aramid fibers impregnated with a thermosetting resin. Although this composite has a high tensile strength and an excellent compression strength, the composite material is brittle and still has an insufficient impact strength. Accordingly, application of the composite material to fields where the conditions are more severe than in the conventional fields, for example, application to the field of aircraft, is difficult, and the application range of the composite material is limited. A light weight is an important condition for application to the field of aircraft. In this composite material, if it is intended to decrease the weight, the tensile strength and compression strength must be reduced, and when stress is imposed repeatedly, the composite material is liable to be broken and the impact resistance degraded. Moreover, the composite material exhibits a poor durability and heat resistance, when an aircraft part is repeatedly exposed to a high temperature and a low temperature.

Woven fabric having multi-layer structure and composite material comprising the woven fabric


A display device includes a second flexible printed circuit board electrically connected to interface terminals, a display panel joined to a first flexible printed circuit board, and a sub panel joined to the second flexible printed circuit board. The second flexible printed circuit board includes an upper end portion which extending sideward from an end portion of the sub panel above the first flexible printed circuit board, an outward bent portion bent from the upper end portion in a return direction, an intermediate portion extending from the outward bent portion such that the intermediate portion passes an electrically connecting portion with the first flexible printed circuit board below the first flexible printed circuit board, an inward bent portion bent from the intermediate portion in a return direction toward the electrically connecting portion, and a lower end portion extending from the inward bent portion and reaching the electrically connecting portion.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a display device including a sub panel.
2. Description of the Related Art
There has been known a case where a display device uses (Flexible Printed Circuits) (FPCs). JP 2010-85923 A discloses a case where a liquid crystal display device uses an FPC for electrical connection with a liquid crystal display panel and an FPC for electrical connection with a touch panel. Further, there has been also known a technique where an FPC is bent back to a back side of a backlight for satisfying a demand for miniaturization of a display device.
By connecting one FPC to another FPC in using plural FPCs, a group of interface terminals can be collectively arranged at one place so that the number of connectors can be decreased whereby the number of mounting steps can be also decreased. In this case, however, in bending the plural FPCs to a back surface of a backlight in a state where the FPCs overlap with each other, due to the difference in bend radius between the FPCs, a tensile stress is generated in the outside bent FPC. It may be possible to make the outside bent FPC longer than the inside bent FPC to avoid the generation of the tensile stress generated due to the difference in bend radius. In this case, however, the FPC is already in a bent state before bending and hence, a shearing force is generated in a joining portion between the panel and the FPC.


The invention relates to a novel composition containing an extract obtained from the plant Murraya koenigii and useful for the treatment or providing relief from acute asthma, and a process for the preparation of a lyophilized extract containing active principles of the plant Murraya koenigii, and a method for the treatment of asthma.

The present invention relates to the identification of a novel use of the principles extracted from the plant Murraya koenigii for treatment of asthma. This invention provides a process for the extraction of the principles from the plant Murraya koenigii. The invention also provides novel compositions useful in the treatment of asthma and methods for the treatment of asthmatic conditions using the said composition.
Respiratory diseases such as asthma are reaching epidemic proportions in both the developed and developing world (Nature, Vol. 402, Supplement, and No. 6760, 1999. A special supplement on allergy and asthma). In countries such as Britain and Australia, the respiratory problem translates to 1 in 4 children under age of 14 years having asthma. The disease causes distress and misery in millions often at a time in their lives when they should be most active. Asthma interferes with sleep, intellectual functioning and recreational activities. At one extreme, asthma can be life threatening leading to occurrence to deaths that are avoidable.
Expert panel report has offered guidelines for diagnosis and management of asthma (JAMA Asthma Information Center, www.amaasssm.org/special/asthma/treatmnt/guide/guideline/gudelin.htm). Control of factors contributing to asthma severity is another avenue for management (JAMA Asthma Information Center, www.amaasssm.org/special/asthma/treatmnt/guide/guidelin/comp2/comp2.htm). several therapies and medications have also been suggested (JAMA Asthma Information Center, www.amaasssm.org/special/asthma/treatmnt/guide/guidelin/comp3/medicat/meditoc.htm and www.amaass.org/special/asthma/treatmnt/guide/guidelin/comp3/comp3.htm). Immunotherapy is another route for the treatment (JAMA Asthma Information Center, www.amasssm. or/special/asthma/treatmnt/guide/guidelin/comp2/immunoth.htm). Complementary alternative medicine is also being tried (JAMA Asthma Information Center, www.amaasssm.org/special/asthma/treatmnt/guide/guidelin/comp3/medicat/alternat.hmt) However, no satisfactory medication for cure of the disease has been found.
Herein the active factors in Murraya koenigii was prepared and used under in vitro system to show its usefulness for relief, treatment and cure of asthmatic problem. The plant Murraya koenigii has been studied and reported to have various medicinal values (Chakraborty, M. P Phytochemistry 1997, October; Khan B. A, Indian J of Expt. Biol. 1997 February; Khan B A Indian J of Physiology and Pharmacology 1996, April; Khan B A Plant Foods Hum. Nutr. 1996 June).
The leaf of this plant is widely used in various food preparations in India. Further, the plant is ubiquitous. Thus the prior art suggests that the extracts of the plant have several medicinal and other properties which have been widely investigated. This is adequate proof that the extracts of the plant can be safely consumed by humans without any side effects.
The inventors undertook a study on the extracts of this plant to identify the therapeutic principles of the plant. During their study, the inventories discovered the presence of the active principles in the leaf of Murraya koenigii which surprisingly were found to be useful in the treatment and cure of asthma.
The main objective of the present invention is to provide a method for the treatment of asthmatic conditions employing active principles extracted from the plant Murraya koenigii.
Another object is to provide a process for the isolation of active principles from the plant Murraya koenigii and use the same for relief, treatment and cure of asthma.
Yet another object is to provide a simple, fast and inexpensive process to obtain a mixture of active (four) compounds possessing biological activities useful in the treatment of asthma.
Still another object is to provide novel compositions containing active principles extracted from the plant Murraya koenigii and useful in the treatment of asthma.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a method for the treatment of asthma, employing principles extracted from the plant Murraya koenigii. The invention also provides novel compositions useful in the treatment of asthma and methods for the extraction of active principles from the plant Murraya koenigii.
Accordingly, the invention provides a process for preparing an extract from the plant Murraya koenigii, useful in the treatment of asthma, said process comprising the steps of pulverising plant materials obtained from plant Murraya koenigii, extracting the plant material with a solvent at ambient temperature, concentrating the extract by filtering and evaporating it under reduced pressure and lyophilizing the concentrate to obtain a lyophilized extract containing active principles of the plant Murraya koenigii.
In an embodiment, the plant materials are obtained from plant parts of Murraya koenigii selected from garden fresh leaves or leaves dried under shade.
In another embodiment, the leaves are pulverized by conventional methods to get homogenized leaves.
In yet another embodiment, the plant materials are extracted with solvents selected from hydrocarbon solvents, chlorinated solvents, ester solvents, ketonic solvents, alcohols, water and buffers.
In still another embodiment, the solvents are selected from the group consisting of petroleum ether (BP 40-60xc2x0 C.), petroleum ether (60xc2x0 C.-80xc2x0 C.), benzene, pentane, hexane, chloroform, dichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride, diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, acetone, cyclopentanone, ethyl acetate, ethyl formate, methanol, ethanol, n-butanol, water and buffers. In another embodiment, the concentration of the extract is effected by filtering and evaporating the solvents under reduced pressure at a temperature range of 20xc2x0 C.-80xc2x0 C. preferably at ambient temperature and lyophilizing the concentrate by conventional methods to obtain mixtures of the active factors.
In yet another embodiment, the extract obtained from the plant Murraya koenigii comprises active principles which dark colored solids soluble in dimethylsulfoxide.
In another embodiment, the active principles obtained from the plant Murraya koenigii are biocompatible and non-toxic in nature. The active principles have Rf values 0.73, 0.60, 034 and 0.14 in chloroform and methanol in the ratio 19:1 and Rf values 0.60, 0.38, 024 and 0.15 in the chloroform. The active principles have four peak with retention time 3.37, 3.49, 4.0 and 5.69 in methanol as solvent at 254 nm. The extraction process is carried out for a period ranging from 1-120 hrs, preferably between 12-16 hrs.
Further, the invention also provides pharmaceutical composition useful in the treatment of asthma, said composition comprising an effective amount of extract obtained from the plant Murraya koenigii together with, or optionally associated with a pharmaceutically acceptable additive. The additives used in the composition comprise powder or extracts of plants selected from M. panicitlate Linn, H. abelmoschus, T ammi, S. aromaticum, A. vasica Nees, E hirta, and M. koinegii. These additives are present in the range of 80-100 mg of M. paniculate Linn, 40-60 mg of H. abelmoschus, 38-62 mg of T. ammi, 7-13 mg of S. aromaticum, 85-115 mg of A. vasica Nees and 90-110 mg of E hirta.
In an embodiment, the composition comprises
In the said composition, the extract of the plant M. koiitegii is present in the range of 87-105 mg per dose. In the said composition, the extract of the plant M. koinegii comprises active principles which are dark colored solids, soluble in dimethylsulfoxide. The active principles have Rf values 0.73, 0.60, 034 and 0.14 in chloroform and methanol in the ratio 19:1 and Rf values 0.60, 0.38, 024 and 0. 15 in the chloroform. These principles have four peaks with retention time 3.37, 3.49, 4.0 and 5.69 in methanol as solvent at 254 nm. The said active principles obtained from the plant M. koinegii exhibit antioxidant property i.e. O2 inhibition.
Further, the invention provides a method for the treatment of asthma, said method comprising the steps of administering an effective amount of the composition comprising an extract obtained from the plant Murraya koenigii and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable additive to a subject in need thereof.
In an embodiment, the lyophilized extract obtained from Murraya Koenigii is administered alone or along with other conventional additives for the treatment of asthma. In still another embodiment, the mode of administration is oral for the treatment of mild or acute asthma.
In yet another embodiment, the dosage level of the composition, comprising the extract from the plant Murraya koenigii is between 325-600 mg twice daily for the period ranging from 3 to 30 days.
In another embodiment, the dosage level is in between 325-600 mg twice daily for the period ranging from 3 to 15 days for mild asthmatic condition, and 15-30 days for acute asthmatic condition.
In still another embodiment, the additives are selected from M. panicutlate Linn, H. abelmoschus, T. ammi, S. aromaticum, A. vasica Nees, E hirta, and M. koinegii.
As said above, the additives are present in a range of 80-100 mg of M. paniculate Linn, 40-60 mg of H. abelmoschus, 38-62 mg of T. ammi, 7-13 mg of S. aromaticum, 85-115 mg of A. vasica Nees, 90-110 mg off E. hirta, and 87-105 mg of M. koinegii. per dose.
In another embodiment, the additives obatined from M. paticulate Linn, H. abelmoschus, T. ammi, S. aromaticum A. vasica Nees, E. hirta, and M. koinegii are administered to include properties such as antidiahorial, antiseptic, carminative, stimulation, anti-cough, anti-bronchitis and nourishment.
In another embodiment, the additives obtained from M. paniculate Linn, H. abelmoschus, T. ammi, S. aromaticum, A. vasica Nees, E hirta, and M. koinegii are administered to include properties such as antidiarrheal, antiseptic, carminative, stimulation, anti-cough, anti-bronchitis and nourishment.
In addition, the invention provides an anti-oxidant composition for human beings and animals, said composition comprising a effective amount of extract obtained from the plant Murraya koenigii together with or optionally, associated with pharmaceutically acceptable additives.
In still another embodiment, the additives comprise powder or extracts of plants selected from M. pamiclate Linn, H. abelmoschus, T. ammi, S. aromaticum, A. vasica Nees, E hirta, and M. koinegii.
In an embodiment, the additives are present in a range of 80-100 mg of M. paniculate Linn, 40-60 mg of H. abelmoschus, 38-62 mg of T. ammi, 7-13 mg of S. aromaticum, 85-115 mg of A. vasica Nees, 90-110 mg of E hirta, and 87-105 mg of M. koinegii. per dose of the anti-oxidant composition.
As said above, the active factor(s) in Murraya koenigii useful for relief, treatment and cure of asthmatic problem(s), the preparation of which comprises drying, powdering, and extracting the dried leaves of the plant, Murraya koenigii, in a percolator at an ambient temperature using appropriate solvents and concentrating the extract under reduced pressure and finally lyophilizing the concentrate to make the active factor(s).
In the present invention, active factor(s) in Murraya koenigii for the treatment and cure of asthmatic problem are prepared from the leaves of the plant by drying, powdering and extracting, in a percolator at an ambient temperature using appropriate solvents and concentrating the extract under reduced pressure and finally lyophilizing the concentrate to make the active factors.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the active factors from the plant material to be used as an oral preparation for relief, treatment and cure of asthmatic problem.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the leaf of Murraya koenigii used was garden fresh or fresh leaf dried under sun or shade.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, plant material was used for the extraction with appropriate solvents such as methanol or water or buffers in a percolator.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the plant extract made by the methanol/appropriate solvent or water was concentrated under reduced pressure to get the mixture of active factor.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the concentrate of the plant extract was lyophilized to make the factors free of solvent or water.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, lyophilized solid obtained as the mixture of active factors present in the leaf of Murraya koenigii was proposed to be used for relief, treatment and cure of asthmatic problem.
The method of preparation of the active factors comprises the following
1) collecting the fresh leaves from the local suppliers,
2) drying the leaves under shade to a moderate degree or to take the fresh leave as the starting material,
3) powdering the dried or homogenizing the fresh leaves in the apparatus known in the art,
4) putting the powder or homogenate in a percolator under the bulk of appropriate solvents; choosing hydrocarbon solves such as petroleum ether (B.P 40-60xc2x0 C.), petroleum ether (B.P 60-80xc2x0 C.), pentane, hexane, benzene etc.; chlorinated solvents like chloroform, dichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride etc.; etherial solvents such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane etc., ketonic solvents such as acetone, cyclopentanone etc.; ester solvents such as ethyl acetate, ethyl formate etc; all alcohol such as methanol, ethanol, n-butanol etc.; water and buffers,
5) extracting the percolated plant material using a percolator or the apparatus or equipment currently known in the art over a period of time ranging from 1 to 120 hours,
6) evaporating the solvent under reduced pressure using an apparatus or equipment currently known in the art at a temperature ranging from 20 to 80xc2x0 C.,
7) lyophilizing or drying the material in the apparatus or equipment currently known in the art,
8) storing the processed material in a cool and dry place in an air tight container, and
9) evaluating the bioactivity of the material.
The following examples are given by way of illustration and therefore should not be construed to limit the scope of the present invention.
Collection of Plant Material
The leaves of M. koenigii were collected from shrubs in the month of March-August 2000 from different areas of West Bengal, India. A voucher specimen is deposited at the department of Medicinal Chemistry at the Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mallick Road, Calcutta-700 032.
Preparation of the Active Factors or Material

Council of Scientific and Industrial Research


A projectile firing weapon for firing rounds of the type having a projectile and an associated bore seal which is radially expanded by relative axial displacement between the projectile and the bore seal. The weapon includes a barrel assembly having a barrel bore, a barrel chamber for the round to be fired through the barrel bore, and an associated breech chamber for the next round to be fired. A propellant chamber is formed in the barrel assembly between the barrel chamber and the breech chamber, and a feeder feeds propellant into the propellant chamber. Rounds may be fed axially and sequentially through a loading opening to the barrel assembly and into the breech chamber, thereby forcing the existing round therein into the barrel chamber. Holding means cooperable with the round fed into the breech chamber effect a sealing relationship between the breech chamber and the round therein, causing an operative closure of the barrel chamber. An igniter ignites propellant in the propellant chamber.

The invention relates to projectile firing weapons.
This invention has particular, but not exclusive, application to large calibre weapons such as cannons, guns and artillery pieces and the like, but it may also be applied to smaller firearms, such as machine guns, self-propelled artillery and the like.
Tests of prototype versions of firearms utilizing barrels of the type illustrated in my earlier International Patent Application No. PCT/AU96/00459 indicate that such barrel assemblies will perform to expectations. Such tests have indicated a surprising effectiveness of the gas seal between rounds which prevents propellant burn past the seal in the next round to be fired. While the initial tests have been limited to small calibre projectiles the inventor considers that similar results would be achieved in large caliber projectiles, although this is yet to be confirmed.
Typically large calibre weapons and fixed machine guns utilise permanently mounted barrel structures which fire projectiles supported in respective disposable cases which must be removed or ejected at each firing.
It is considered that it would be advantageous to increase the presently available rate of firing of such large rounds as it is during the initial moments of bombardment that most damage can be caused. Thus any increase in the rate of firing such rounds increases the number of rounds which can be delivered onto a target during the initial moments of an attack.
Machine guns and particularly those which utilise fixed barrels, such as machine guns mounted in aircraft, have space and weight limitations which limit the number of rounds which can be carried and the rate of firing due to the need to load the round and unload the spent case at each firing.
This invention aims alleviate at least one of the abovementioned disadvantages and/or to provide improved projectile firing weapons.

Cannon for axially fed rounds with breeched round sealing breech chamber


An insulated fire door includes a door shell having spaced first and second exterior panels and a gypsum panel between the first and second exterior panels. The insulated fire door includes a plurality of spacers bonded across an interior side of each of the first and second exterior panels. The spacers maintain the gypsum panel in a spaced position from the interior sides of the first and second exterior panels as the door bows during a fire on one side of the door, until the gypsum disintegrates. Each of the spacers may have a flat portion contacting the gypsum panel, a leg extending from the flat portion spacing the gypsum from the interior sides of the first and second exterior panels, and a flange extending from the leg bonding the spacer to the first and second exterior panels.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to doors having a fire rating and in particular, narrow and/or tall doors having an improved fire rating.
2. Description of Related Art
Fire doors are made to resist a rise in temperature over a desired degree on the side of the door opposite the fire or other combustion source. Fire doors also must maintain a certain degree of rigidity, and resist gaps or other openings from developing which will cause passage of flames directly around or through the door. While fire doors of conventional widths of about 32 in. (0.81 m) or more and heights no greater than about 84 in. (2.13 m) are able to meet various fire standards, it has been difficult to meet such fire standards in narrower and taller doors.


A housing for a hand held vacuum cleaner is so constructed that a suction motor mounting bracket which is enclosed by a lower housing section, is removably secured to an upper housing section. A suction coupling pipe section is either an integral part of or directly secured to the suction motor mounting bracket, so that forces introduced to a suction tool attached to the suction coupling pipe section are transmitted through the mounting bracket to the upper housing section thereby at least partly relieving the lower housing section from forces passing from the suction tool to the handle and vice versa.

Hand held vacuum cleaners have a divided housing with an upper housing section holding a filter and a lower housing section holding a suction motor. A handle is connected to the upper housing section. The suction motor is mounted to and in the lower housing section. A suction tool is attachable to the lower housing section on the outside thereof by a suction coupling pipe section for transporting dirt carrying air into the upper housing section in which the filter separates the dirt from the suction air.
Various modifications in the arrangement of the above mentioned components are known in the art. When such vacuum cleaners are used, forces are applied to the vacuum tool e.g. when the vacuum tool is pushed against a piece of furniture or a wall. These forces are introduced into the lower housing section but the reaction force is applied through the handle secured to the upper housing section. As a result, any strain must be transmitted through the lower housing section more specifically through the connection between the upper and lower housing sections whereby a separation of the motor carrying lower housing section from the upper housing section is possible. This defect leaves room for improvement.

Hand held vacuum cleaner and housing for such a cleaner


A system for manufacturing a composite article includes a resin-wetting control layer configured to be placed in contact with a composite ply of a composite preform. The resin-wetting control layer is configured complementary to a ply surface of the composite ply.

Composite structures are used in a wide variety of applications due to their high strength-to-weight ratio, improved corrosion resistance, and other favorable properties. In aircraft construction, composites are used in increasing quantities to form the fuselage, wings, horizontal and vertical stabilizer, and other components. Composite articles may be formed by laying up composite plies comprised of reinforcing fibers impregnated with polymer matrix material. The composite plies may be laid up on a forming tool having a tool surface contour matching the desired contour of the cured composite article.
In some cases, a caul plate may be positioned on top of the composite layup such that the composite layup is sandwiched between the caul plate and the forming tool. The caul plate may impart a desired contour and surface finish into the surface of the composite layup. Heat and/or pressure may be applied to the caul plate and/or composite layup to promote resin cure and to reduce the resin viscosity to facilitate resin flow such that the resin in the composite plies may intermingle.
In some examples, a release coating such as Frekote™ may be applied to the tool surfaces prior to layup of the composite plies. A release coating may also be applied to the caul plate surfaces prior to positioning of the caul plate on top of the composite layup. The release coating may prevent bonding between the composite layup and the forming tool and/or caul plate surfaces to allow the composite article to be removed from the forming tool after cure. Unfortunately, the release coating may result in non-uniform wetting of the surfaces of the composite layup which may result in the occurrence of surface porosity in the cured composite article.
Attempts to reduce the occurrence of surface porosity in the composite article include the use of peel plies which may be applied to the tool surface of the forming tool prior to layup of the composite plies on the tool surface and/or prior to the application of the caul plate over the composite layup. In some examples, peel plies may be adhesively-bonded to the surfaces of the forming tool and/or the caul plate. The peel plies may promote the uniform wetting of the surfaces of the composite layup during cure and may thereby reduce the occurrence of surface porosity in the cured composite article.
Unfortunately, the application of the peel plies to the tool surface of the forming tool and/or caul surface of the caul plate is a time-consuming process. In addition, the peel plies must be replaced after each cure cycle which may present challenges due to difficulties in separating the adhesively-bonded peel plies from the forming tool or caul plate. Furthermore, the surfaces of the forming tool and caul plate must be cleaned and prepared for the re-application of peel plies prior to each new cure cycle. In some examples, the peel plies may cause the formation of wrinkles in the outer surfaces of the cured composite article and which may require time-consuming rework.
As can be seen, there exists a need in the art for a system and method for reducing or preventing surface porosity in composite articles that avoids the drawbacks associated with peel plies.


An alignment method for optical axes of a composite waveplate includes rotating a rotatable waveplate, which rotates about a central axis with respect to a fixed waveplate, and adjusting the rotation angle thereof until the differences between the spectral parameters of the composite waveplate and ideal spectral parameters are smaller than preset values.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention generally relates to the field of composite waveplates, and more particularly to an alignment method for optical axes of a composite waveplate. The method of the invention is suitable for accurate alignment and calibration of optical axes of a composite waveplate consisting of two or more single crystal plates.
2. Description of the Related Art
A waveplate (also known as optical phase retardation plate) is an optical device commonly used in the fields of optical instrument design and optical measurement, and it can introduce a phase shift (also called phase retardation) between two orthogonal components of a polarized light and can be used to modulate or detect polarization states of the polarized light. A waveplate is also a crystal plate since it is generally produced from uniaxial or biaxial crystals (i.e. birefringent materials) such as quartz, mica, magnesium fluoride, gypsum, sapphire, and so on. A waveplate composed of one crystal plate is called a single plate, and a waveplate composed of two or more crystal plates is called a composite waveplate.
The composite waveplate is a combination of multiple crystal plates, and optical axes of the crystal plates are aligned to form certain angles (normally 90 or 0 degree). A biplate is the simplest and most commonly used composite waveplate composed of two crystal plates produced from identical or different materials and having optical axes perpendicular or parallel to each other. The biplate composed of two crystal plates produced from the same material features a retardance effect identical to a single plate produced from the same material when the optical axes of the biplate are perpendicular to each other, and the difference of the thicknesses of the two crystal plates is an equivalent optical path of the biplate, which make it possible to solve the problem of the single plate that it is too thin to manufacture and, thus, improves the accuracy of the waveplate. The biplate composed of two crystal plates produced from different materials is referred to as an achromatic composite waveplate since it is capable of eliminating the chromatic aberration of the waveplate. It is impossible for a single crystal plate to achieve the functions of the composite waveplate in improving accuracy and eliminating the chromatic aberration. Therefore, the composite waveplate is widely used in optical instrument design and optical measurement. In practice, to implement achromatic effect of retardance in a comparatively wide wavelength range, normally a more complex achromatic composite waveplate composed of multiple plates produced from the same or different materials is designed and produced, and angles between the optical axes of the crystal plates have optimally designed values.
In practical applications, to ensure overall retardance accuracy and measurement accuracy of the composite waveplate, alignment and calibration of the optical axes of the different crystal plates forming the composite waveplate are carried out with care.
Conventionally, alignment of the composite waveplate is conducted manually. In the manual method, one crystal plate is fixed firstly, and then the other crystal plate is manually rotated while the actual retardance of the composite waveplate is visually compared with a designed retardance. When a difference between the actual retardance of the composite waveplate and the designed retardance is acceptable, alignment thereof is completed. Although operation of the manual alignment method is comparatively simple, alignment accuracy thereof cannot be guaranteed, which makes it difficult to meet requirement for high measurement accuracy. Another alignment method for the waveplate is a light extinction method, in which the waveplate is disposed between two polarizers perpendicular to each other, and alignment of the optical axes of the waveplate is conducted according to the light extinction of the emitted light from one polarizer disposed after the waveplate in a direction of light propagation. However, the light extinction method has one problem because light extinction often occurs at one specific wavelength, and it is difficult to determine whether the optical axes of the waveplate is accurately aligned according to light extinction of the single specific wavelength. To solve this problem, laser light sources with different wavelengths need to be used, and correspondingly optical paths need to be adjusted in accordance with the different wavelengths, which results in complex operation and low alignment accuracy.
R. W. Collins et al. at University of Pennsylvania disposed a composite waveplate to be aligned on a high-accuracy rotating table, placed the high-accuracy rotating table on a sample stage of a rotating-analyzer ellipsometer, and set a polarization generation arm and a polarization detection arm of the rotating-analyzer ellipsometer in a straight-through mode to measure the amplitude ratio of the polarized light passing through the composite waveplate. During alignment, the high-accuracy rotating table controlled the rotation of the crystal plates, and the alignment of the composite waveplate was carried out by adjusting the high-frequency oscillations of the amplitude ratio of the polarized light passing through the composite waveplate and measured by the ellipsometer (see, Journal of the Optical Society of America A, Vol. 18, page 1980-1985, 2001). Although the accuracy of this alignment method is higher than that of the conventional manual alignment method, final alignment accuracy is largely dependent on the experience of the operator due to the complexity of this alignment process. At present, there is another method for guiding the alignment of the composite waveplate by detecting and controlling the fluctuation amplitude in the spectral curve of retardance of the composite waveplate. This method is theoretically capable of aligning the composite waveplate with high accuracy. However, since fluctuation in the spectral curve of retardance of the composite waveplate is not sensitive to an alignment error between composite waveplates, alignment accuracy thereof cannot be ensured when the accuracy of a device for detecting retardance is not high enough.

Alignment method for optical axes of composite waveplate

HUAZHONG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY


A method of on-line controlling and optimizing industrial chemical processes for the manufacture of textile finishing and improving agents to achieve an optimum end point, wherein the improvement comprises the steps of periodic automatic sample taking, over at least the critical state of the process, injecting the samples into a carrier stream, optionally physically and/or chemically manipulating the samples while in the carrier stream, and then transporting the carrier stream to a detector wherein one or more values are measured, said values being used to adjust the process to an optimum end point. The method not only makes possible to determine and monitor the instantaneous state of the process but also, because of the amount of relevant data per unit of time resulting from the method, to drive the process to a desired quality by using the data obtained from the detector for further process control. Each new analysis affords a prognosis on the further reaction course and on the end point of reaction.

In recent years, increasing endeavours have been made to automate and optimise processes for the manufacture of textile finishing and improving agents and their intermediates, e.g. dyes and fluorescent whitening agents, both as regards the manufacturing process itself as well as working up. To obtain satisfactory and reproducible results it is necessary to rely on analytical methods which are characterised by the following criteria: short duration of analysis, high frequency of analysis and greater information content per unit of time, as low costs as possible, simplicity, reliability, and minimum space requirements. Equipment that meets these requirements comprises in particular sensors for measuring physical parameters, e.g. temperature, pressure and consumption of starting materials.
These parameters, however, provide no information on the current state and condition of the process (yield of desired product, concentration of by-products, product quality) and the reaction course at any given time. Thus control and maintenance of constant product quality allied to optimum yield is not ensured. Further, it is not possible to make any prognoses from the physical parameters regarding the end point of a reaction, product quality, and yield. Up to now it has been customary to analyse the reaction mass at the end of a process step or at the end of the entire process, thereby ruling out in situ corrections during the reaction course.
Irrespective of the quality of the starting materials, uniform quality of the products of the process together with optimum yield is required at present time of continuous as well as discontinuous processes for the manufacture of textile finishing and improving agents as well as their intermediates.
Discontinuous (i.e. batch) processes in particular often result in products of variable quality induced by the varying quality of the starting materials, and the yield differs from batch to batch.
Accordingly, it is the objective of the present invention to provide an analytical method that meets the aforementioned requirements and to develop a method of controlling and optimising processes for the preparation of textile finishing and improving agents and their intermediates by means of said method, such that control and optimisation can also be carried out preferably on-line.
It has been found that the method of flow injection analysis is preeminently suitable for this purpose.
Flow injection analysis is an automated wet chemical technique based on continuous streams of reagents in capillary tubes, on the injection of reproducible samples into said streams, on the controlled dispersion of the sample zone on its path downstream to the detector, and on precise timing of a single analysis. A flow injection analyzer is characterized by a short start-up time, high injection frequency, and a precise knowledge of the state of the system before and immediately after the individual analysis (modulation).
Flow injection analysis is known per se and reference is made to the following literature: E. H. Hansen and J. Ruzicka "Flow Injection Analysis", John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1981; C. B. Ranger in "Automated Stream Analysis for Process Control", Vol. 1, page 39 et seq., D. P. Manka, Academic Press, 1982.
The primary field of use of flow injection analysis to date has been the automation of methods of wet chemical analysis in the laboratory. Flow injection analysis has also been used for monitoring a small number of continuous chemical processes.

Method of controlling and optimizing industrial processes for the manufacture of textile finishing and improving agents via flow injection analysis


In a single-body type imaging unit including a toner bottle provided with a drive shaft, and a print unit provided with a drive shaft, the toner bottle and the print unit are coupled to each other via an elastic member.

Conventionally, there is known an image formation apparatus to which an imaging unit including a toner bottle and a print unit is attached. The image formation apparatus has a structure in which a drive shaft is respectively provided in the toner bottle and the print unit, and drive force is obtained from a side of a main body of the image formation apparatus to which the imaging unit is attached.
As a coupling mode of the toner unit and the print unit of the imaging unit used in the image formation apparatus, there are a (single-body type) imaging unit in which the toner unit and the print unit are integrated so that the number of parts such as a shutter are reduced in order to reduce cost for introducing consumable goods for each time, and a (double-body type) imaging unit in which the toner bottle and the print unit are formed into separate bodies in order to reduce cost of the image formation apparatus over the entire use duration, and the toner bottle with the shorter life is replaceable (refer to Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2006-11233 and Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2007-219417). However, in general, the image formation apparatus is not designed so that the single-body type and double-body type imaging units can be attached to the image formation apparatus with compatibility. That is, an attached part on the side of the main body of the image formation apparatus is not commonly used so as to correspond to both the single-body type and double-body type imaging units.
There is a major advantage in the common use of the attached part on the side of the main body of the image formation apparatus. However, there are various problems in the common use.
For example, when the toner bottle and the print unit are respectively rigidly fixed, oscillation generated by the drive shaft of the toner bottle is transmitted to the print unit so as to generate color deviation. In a case of the double-body type imaging unit, since an elastic member is provided between the toner bottle and the print unit, the transmission of the oscillation from the toner bottle to the print unit can be relatively easily suppressed. However, in a case of the single-body type imaging unit, since the oscillation of the toner bottle is directly transmitted to the print unit, there is a need for connecting the attached part in the main body of the image formation apparatus provided with an elastic part for absorbing the oscillation and the drive shaft of the toner bottle. Therefore, the attached part in the main body of the image formation apparatus cannot be commonly used.
In a case of the single-body type imaging unit, the toner bottle and the print unit do not press against each other for positioning. However, in a case of the double-body type imaging unit, the toner bottle and the print unit sometimes press against each other. When the toner bottle and the print unit are fixed in such a way, the print unit is displaced so as to generate the color deviation. The generation of the color deviation is due to a difference in structures between the single-body type and double-body type imaging units. Therefore, unless the structures of the single-body type and double-body type imaging units are changed, the problem cannot be solved. Thus, without changing the structures of the imaging units, the attached part in the main body of the image formation apparatus cannot be commonly used so as to solve the above problem.
As a solution for the above problem, it is thought that looseness is provided for positioning the toner bottle relative to the main body of the image formation apparatus, and the drive force to the toner bottle is transmitted by flexible drive transmission means from the main body of the image formation apparatus. However, the number of parts is increased and the cost is boosted.
It is also thought that the pressing due to the oscillation and the positioning is solved by securely fixing the print unit to the main body. However, due to an increase in rigidity of the main body of the image formation apparatus, addition of fixing parts, and the like, the cost is boosted.

Imaging unit and image formation apparatus provided with the same

Konica Minolta Business Technologies, Inc.


Winding a module antenna (MA) for an antenna module (AM) on a tubular support structure (SS) having have a lid structure (LD) or a planar tool (PT) disposed at its free end to constrain the windings. Alternatively, winding wire coils for module antennas (MA) on coil winding forms (CWF, FIG. 26) and transferring them to a module tape (MT). Double-sided and single-sided module tapes (MT) having vias and openings (h) are disclosed. Connection bridges (CBR) formed within, between or surrounding the contact pads (CP) are disclosed. Various configurations for components (CA, CC, EA) of booster antenna (BA) are disclosed. A coupler coil (CC) has an inner winding (iw) and an outer winding (ow). Techniques for embedding wire and for bonding wire are disclosed.

Dual interface (DI, or DIF) smartcards (more generally, secure documents) may comprise an antenna module (AM) with a number of (typically 6 or 8) contact pads (CP) connected with an RFID chip (CM) via wire bonds or flip chip assembly, and a booster antenna (BA) in the card body (CB) consisting of a card body antenna (CA) and coupling coil (CC) which inductively couples with the module antenna (MA) of the antenna module (AM).
The antenna module "AM" may generally comprise a "DI" RFID chip (bare, unpackaged silicon die) or chip module (a die with leadframe, carrier or the like)—either of which may be referred to as "CM"—mounted to a module tape "MT". A module antenna MA may be disposed on the module tape MT for implementing a contactless interface. Contact pads "CP" may be disposed on the module tape MT for implementing the contact interface. The module tape MT may comprise a pattern of interconnects (conductive traces and pads) to which the chip CM and contact pads CP may be connected.
The module antenna MA may be connected, indirectly, via some of the interconnects to the chip CM, or may be directly connected to bond pads BP on the chip CM. The module antenna MA may comprise several turns of wire, such as 112 micron diameter insulated wire. Reference may be made to U.S. Pat. No. 6,378,774 (2002, Toppan), for example FIGS. 12A, B thereof.

Antenna modules for dual interface smart cards, booster antenna configurations, and methods

Lower Churchfield, Tourmakeady, Co. Mayo


Provided is a storage system that includes a plurality of storage devices; a controller that controls the storage device including a processor and a memory; and a data transfer path connecting each of the storage devices to the controller. The storage device is divided into a plurality of groups. The controller specifies the storage device belonging to each of the plurality of groups among the plurality of storage devices connected via the plurality of independent data transfer paths, receives an access request to specify the storage device to be accessed, and designates the different data transfer paths for each group of the specified storage devices. The storage device performs data transfer by a connection-less protocol according to the designated data transfer path.

A connection-less protocol such as a non-volatile memory express (NVMe) for flash storage is becoming widespread as a protocol used by a storage device of a storage system. Further, a method of adding a storage device by cascade-connecting a backend switch is mentioned as a means used for easily expanding the capacity of a storage system.
PTL 1 is known as, for example, a technique that evenly uses the performance of each storage device when a backend switch is cascade-connected. PTL 1 is a technology that evenly uses the performance of each storage device such as a serial attached SCSI (SAS) which is a connection storage protocol.

Storage system and storage control method


A welding helmet is capable of providing an image representative of information from an associated welding operation where the image appears in the same focal range as the welding work area.

Welding is an important process in the manufacture and construction of various products and structures. Applications for welding are widespread and used throughout the world, for example, the construction and repair of ships, buildings, bridges, vehicles, and pipe lines, to name a few. Welding may performed in a variety of locations, such as in a factory with a fixed welding operation or on site with a portable welder.
In manual or semi-automated welding a user/operator (i.e. welder) directs welding equipment to make a weld. For example, in arc welding the welder may manually position a welding rod or welding wire and produce a heat generating arc at a weld location. In this type of welding the spacing of the electrode from the weld location is related to the arc produced and to the achievement of optimum melting/fusing of the base and welding rod or wire metals. The quality of such a weld is often directly dependent upon the skill of the welder.
Welders generally rely upon a variety of information when welding. This information includes, for example, current and voltage. Traditionally, welders would need to look at gauges on the control panel of the welding equipment to gain this information. This would require the welder to direct their field of vision away from the welding work area and as such was undesirable.
In the past, efforts have been made to provide welders with information during welding, such as in the method disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,677,277, where current and voltage are monitored to produce an audio indication to the operator as to the condition of the arc in arc welding. However, monitors consisting only of audio arc parameter indicators are hard to hear and interpolate and are not capable of achieving the desired closeness of control and quality of weld often required.
More recently, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,242,711, an apparatus for monitoring arc welding has been developed that provides a welder with real-time voltage and current conditions of the welding arc where information in the form of lights, illuminated bar graphs, light projections, illuminated see-through displays, or the like are placed within the visual range of the helmet wearing operator and located in proximity to the helmet viewing window in the helmet. However, in this apparatus a welder must still move their visual focus away from the welding work area in order to focus on the information located proximate to the welding window or the welder must accept the information peripherally while continuing to focus on the welding work area.

Welding helmet with integral user interface


A memory system includes physical memory devices or ranks of memory devices that can be set to reduced power modes. In one embodiment, a hardware memory controller receives memory instructions in terms of a logical address space. In response to the relative usages of different addresses within the logical address space, the memory controller maps the logical address space to physical memory in a way that reduces the number of memory devices that are being used. Other memory devices are then set to reduced power modes. In another embodiment, an operating system maintains a free page list indicating portions of physical memory that are not currently allocated. The operating system periodically sorts this list by group, where each group corresponds to a set or rank of memory devices. The groups are sorted in order from those receiving the heaviest usage to those receiving the lightest usage. When allocating memory, the memory is allocated from the sorted page list so that memory is preferentially allocated from those memory devices that are already receiving the highest usage.

This invention relates to power conservation in memory devices and systems.
Dynamically refreshed memory, usually referred to as dynamic random access memory or DRAM, is a type of memory device found in many different computing devices. A typical DRAM device may have millions, billions or even more DRAM memory cells. A DRAM memory cell is commonly formed by a single transistor and an associated capacitance. The capacitance is charged to a voltage that indicates a bit value of either xe2x80x9c0xe2x80x9d or xe2x80x9c1xe2x80x9d. The capacitance loses its charge rather quickly, bringing about the need for periodic refreshing.
In many computer systems, the power consumption of DRAM memory is insignificant compared to other system components such as hard disks, high-performance microprocessors, active matrix displays, CRTs, etc. However, in other computer systems, such as the newly emerging and evolving class of mobile devices known as xe2x80x9chandheldsxe2x80x9d or xe2x80x9cPDAsxe2x80x9d (xe2x80x9cpersonal digital assistantsxe2x80x9d), the power consumption of the DRAM memory is significant as compared to other components in the computer system. In comparison to many of the more traditional types of computers, such as desktop or personal computers, many mobile computing devices, are smaller, less capable, and use components that consume less power. For example, many of these systems have small, monochromic displays, low performance CPUs, and no hard disks. Some of these mobile systems, furthermore, rely on batteries for their operating power. As a result of these factors, power consumption of memory subsystems has become more of an issue in these devices; there is a strong need to reduce memory power consumption and to thereby extend the time between required battery replacement or recharging.
Memory devices with power management features are becoming available to address this need. For example, DRAMs are available that support various different reduced power modes. However, power savings come at the cost of performance. Typically, a greater penalty in access speed is imposed at each increasing degree of power savings. Thus, decisions regarding whether to invoke power-saving features in a DRAM should be made intelligently. Typically, it is desired to initiate a low power mode in a particular memory device only when that memory device is not currently in use and is not anticipated to be in use in the near future.
It is difficult, however, to anticipate the future need for accessing any particular region of memory. Furthermore, modem operating systems typically allocate memory without regard to memory device boundaries, making it difficult to find a single memory device that can appropriately be set to a reduced power mode without significantly impacting overall system performance. More specifically, typical memory allocation schemes often result in a highly fragmented memory space, with allocated pages of memory spread more or less randomly across the available range of physical memory. Because allocated memory is normally spread across all of the available devices, none of the devices can be put into a reduced power mode without seriously impacting memory performance.
An article entitled xe2x80x9cPower Aware Page Allocation,xe2x80x9d by authors Alvin R. Lebeck, Xiaobo Fan, Heng Zeng, and Carla Ellis, in Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems (ASPLOS-IX) (November, 2000), discusses the desirability of clustering memory page allocations into the minimum number of memory devices. Such clustering allows other devices to be put into reduced power modes.
Described below are specific techniques for minimizing the number of actual DRAM devices being used in a system at any particular time. Such techniques can be implemented in existing systems with very little overhead, while potentially achieving significant power savings.

Consolidation of allocated memory to reduce power consumption


A method of forming a eutectic bond, of Cadmium Telluride to Sapphire utilizing the Gold/Silicon eutectic bonding of the Cadmium Telluride to the Sapphire. A multi-layer structure of: Chromium which provides adhesion to the Cadmium Telluride; a Titanium layer which functions as a diffusion barrier to the Gold, and a Gold layer are sequentially evaporated on the Cadmium Telluride; a separate multilayered structure of: Silicon grown on Sapphire, and Gold evaporated upon the Silicon. These two multilayered structures are then eutectically bonded. This method enables the expansion coefficient of the eutectic layer to be tailored through the Gold concentration to match that of the Cadmium Telluride. This method also allows the bonding stress to be confined between the Gold/Silicon eutectic and the Sapphire substrate, eliminating the bonding stress in the Cadmium Telluride. Also, due to the precision of the thickness of the evaporated layers, the bonded substrates are inherently planar and parallel.

The present invention relates to a eutectic bond and a method of Gold/Silicon eutectic bonding of Cadmium Telluride to a Sapphire wafer. And, more particularly to eutectic bonding which achieves precise parallelism and tailors thermal expansion coefficients through the control of Gold and Silicon layer thickness.
Gold/Silicon (Au/Si) bonding is widely used in the semiconductor industry to attach Silicon die to Gold-plated packages. In those applications the parallelism of the Silicon die to the package is not a critical requirement. For that reason neither the amount of the Silicon nor the amount of the Gold used in the bonding process is controlled.
Typically, only a minimum amount of Gold is required to form the eutectic layer between the Silicon die and the package.

Eutectic bond and method of gold/titanium eutectic bonding of cadmium telluride to sapphire


A method and a device for creating a pattern matching state machine are provided. The method includes: obtaining a predefined keyword set; generating a Goto function according to the keyword set; constructing a Failure function according to the generated Goto function, and setting that an acceptable input set of the Failure state of each state is not a subset of an acceptable input set of the state, where the acceptable input set of the state indicates that when any symbol within the symbol set is input in the state, the Goto function of the state does not fail; and generating an Output function according to the Goto function and the Failure function.

The pattern matching usually refers to searching for predefined keywords in text data. The pattern matching problem is a basic problem in computer science, and the research content has important values in many fields, for example, information retrieval and pattern identification, and plays an important role in applications such as spell check, language translation, data compression, search engine, intrusion detection, content filtering, computer virus feature code matching, and gene sequence comparison. For example, in some information acquisition and text editing applications, a user may designate some keywords, so that the positions of the keywords can be quickly positioned in the text.
The Aho-Corasick algorithm is simple and effective, in which all the positions of a finite number of keywords can be located in any text. The principle of the algorithm is as follows: firstly a finite state pattern matching machine is defined according to the series of keywords, and then the text is used as an input to the pattern matching machine. As long as the keywords are matched, it is notified that the keyword matching is successful.
For example, a user designates a keyword set {he, she, his, hers}, and the user desires that once any keyword occurs in the text search, a search result is output and notified to the user. As shown in FIG. 1, a procedure of performing the pattern matching through the Aho-Corasick algorithm is described in the following. A Goto function, a Failure function, and an Output function are generated according to the keyword set {he, she, his, hers} in two steps: in a first step, a state and the Goto function are confirmed, and in a second step, the Failure function is computed. The construction of the Output function is started in the first step, and is completed in the second step.
As shown in FIG. 1(a), the Goto function is generated according to the keyword set (in formulas, g represents the Goto function).
The Goto function g decides a Goto state according to a current state and an input symbol. For example, when h is input in 0 state, 0 state goes to 1 state, which is represented by g(0, h)=1; when h is input in state 3, state 3 goes to state 4, which is represented by g(3, h)=4. If a certain symbol is input in a certain state, and the goto is unsuccessful, it indicates that the Goto function fails, and a result is represented by fail; for example, e is input in state 3, and the Goto function fails, it is represented by g(3, e)=fail.
The Output function indicates an output result when the matching in the certain state is successful, for example, Output(2)="he".
To construct the Goto function, a Goto directed graph is constructed. The directed graph begins with one vertex which represents an initial state 0. Then, the keywords are input into the directed graph, and a path that begins from the initial state is added. New vertices and edges are added to the directed graph when the path is added, so that beginning from the initial state, a path spells out a complete keyword. The path terminates in the certain state, and the state is added to the Output function.
It is assumed that {he, she, his, hers} is the keyword set, and a procedure of generating the finite state machine is as shown in FIG. 2.
A first keyword "he" is added to the directed graph, and a result as shown in FIG. 2a is obtained. The keyword "he" is spelt from state 0 to state 2, and the output "he" is associated with state 2, that is, Output(2)={he}.
A second keyword "she" is added to the directed graph, and FIG. 2b is obtained. The output "she" is associated with state 5, that is, Output(5)={she}.
A third keyword "his" is added to the directed graph, and a result as shown in FIG. 2c is obtained.
It should be noted that when the keyword "his" is added, an edge labeled h from state 0 to state 1 already exists, so it is unnecessary to add another edge labeled h from state 0 to state 1. The output "his" is associated with state 7, that is, Output(7)={his}.
The last keyword "hers" is added, and a result as shown in FIG. 2d is obtained. The output "hers" is associated with state 9, that is, Output(9)={hers}. In the adding procedure, the existing edge labeled h (from state 0 to 1) and the existing edge labeled e (from state 1 to 2) may be used.
To complete the construction of the Goto function, a loop needs to be added, in which the loop is from state 0 to state 0 and corresponds to all input symbols other than h or s. The obtained result is shown in FIG. 1(a).
The Failure function (represented by f in formulas) represents which state should be jumped to for continuing the matching when the Goto function fails in a certain state. As shown in FIG. 1(b), in state 5, when an r symbol is input, g(5, r)=fail, and f(5)=2 is called for processing, that is, state 5 firstly jumps to state 2, and then g(2,r) is invoked for processing. The reason is that the Failure function represents the goto from a state to another state, which is equivalent to adding a link between the two states, and usually the direction of the Failure function in a certain state is called a Failure link of the state.
The Failure function is constructed based on the Goto function. Firstly, the depth of state s in the goto directed graph, that is, a length of the shortest path from the initial state to s, is defined. In FIG. 1(a), the depth of the initial state is 0, the depth of states 1 and 3 is 1, and the depth of states 2, 4, and 6 is 2, and so on.
An algorithm of computing the Failure function fin a state is as follows. Firstly, the Failure state of all states having the depth of 2 is computed, and then the Failure state of all states having the depth of 2 is computed, until the Failure state has been computed for all states. Thus, the Failure function of the state machine is constructed.
The Failure state of all states having the depth of 1 is set to 0. It is assumed that the Failure state of all states having the depth smaller than d is already computed, the Failure function of state s having the depth of d can be deduced from non-fail values of the Goto function of the states having the depth of d-1.
Firstly, each state r having the depth of d-1 is considered, and the following processing is executed.
1. If g(r.a)=fail for all input symbols a, the processing of state r is terminated.
2. Otherwise, for the situation that each input symbol a generates the output g(r.a)=s, the following operations are executed.
(a) A state variable state=f(r) is set.
(b) A formula state←f(state) (e.g. the f(state) is assigned to the state variable state) is executed for zero or more times, until a value of state satisfies g(state, a)≠fail (since g(0,a)≠fail, the appropriate value of the state will always be found.).
(c) f(s)=g (state, a) is set.
For example, in order to compute the Failure function in FIG. 1(a), f(1)=f(3)=0 is firstly set, because 1 and 3 are the states having the depth of 1. Then, the Failure function of the states 2, 4 and 6 having the depth of 2 is computed.
To compute f(2), state=f(1)=0 is set; and since g(0, e)=0, f(2)=0.
To compute f(6), state=f(1)=0 is set; and since g(0, i)=0, f(6)=0.
To compute f(4), state=f(3)=0 is set; and since g(0, h)=1, f(4)=1.
Through the computation according to the ideas, the complete Failure function is obtained, as shown in FIG. 1(b).
During the computation of the Failure function, the Output function is updated. When it is confirmed that f(s)=s′, and states s and s′ are both the Output state, the output set of s′ is combined with the output set of state s. For example, according to FIG. 1(a), it is confirmed that f(5)=2. At this point, the output set of state 2, namely {he}, is combined with the output set of state 5, so as to obtain a new output set {he, she}. The final Output function is as shown in FIG. 1(c).
In the following, the matching procedure of the state machine is further described with an example.
For example, a text "sshe" is input for searching. When the first s is input, g(0, s)=3, so the state goes to state 3. When a second s is input, the Goto function fails, g(3, s)=fail, so the Failure function is called, and f(3)=0 indicates that the state jumps to state 0, and then g(0, s)=3, so that the current state is still state 3. When h is input, g(3, h)=4, and the state goes to state 4. When e is input, g(4, e)=5, and the state goes to state 5. Since Output(5)={she, he}, during the search, two keywords {she, he} predefined by the user are found.
In the implementation of the present invention, the inventors find that the existing Aho-Corasick algorithm at least has the following problem. That is, after Failure reaches a certain state, the Goto function still fails sometimes, and Failure needs to jump to other states. That is, the existing Aho-Corasick algorithm has low efficiency in processing the Failure links, and has many low efficient Failure links.
The complicated state machine as shown in FIG. 3 is taken as an example, in which dashed lines represent the Failure links, q0 indicates the initial state. For example, in q14 state, g(q14, e)=fail, so it jumps to state q27 according to f(q14)=q27. However, in state q27, g(q27, e)=fail, so it jumps to f(q27)=q19. However, g(q19, e)=fail, so it jumps to f(q19)=q0, that is, through g(q14, e)→f(q14)→g(q27, e)→f(q27)→g(q19, e)→f(q19), it jumps to q0 state.
Referring to FIG. 4, the low efficient Failure links are shown, f(q6)=q0, f(q5)=q4, f(q4)=q3, f(q3)=q2, f(q2)=q1, and f(q1)=q0. If a symbol c is input in state q4, g(q4, c)=fail, it jumps to state q3 according to f(q4)=q3. However, g(q3, c)=fail, it jumps to state q2 according to f(q3)=q2. However, g(q2, c)=fail, it jumps state q1 according to f(q2)=q1. However, g(q1, c)=fail, it jumps to the initial state q0 according to f(q1)=q0. Till now, the jump of the Failure links ends, and through g(q4, c)→f(q3)→g(q3, c)→f(q2)→g(q2, c)→f(q1)→g(q1, c)→q0, it jumps to the q0 state.
It may be known that the Aho-Corasick algorithm has low efficiency in processing the Failure links, and has many low efficient Failure links.

Method and device for creating pattern matching state machine