The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of Brinzolamide, or 2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1,2-thiazin-6-sulfonamide, 4-(ethyl amino)-3,4-dihydro-2-(3-methoxypropyl)-, 1,1-dioxide, (4R)-via intermediates 2,3-dihydro-4H-thieno[3,2-e]-1,2-thiazin-4-ones, 1,1-dioxide. Further objects of the present invention are the intermediates mentioned above and other intermediates of the synthesis.

Brinzolamide is a carbonic anhydrase II inhibitor, used to lower intraocular pressure and glaucoma. It is sold by Alcon under the name of Azopt, as 1% ophthalmic suspension.
EP 527801 claims Brinzolamide and describes a process to prepare it in 14 steps starting from 3-acetylthiophene (scheme 1). It is a synthesis typical of medicinal chemistry not applicable at industrial level, for which no specific preparations are described, because Brinzolamide is not among the preferred compounds of the invention.

This synthesis is not very efficient because requires the change of the oxidation status of the functional group in position 4 for three times; indeed this is first reduced with Sodium borohydride (step (5)) to α-bromoalcohol and then oxidized with Sodium dichromate (step (11)), a very toxic reagent. This sequence is necessary to obtain the cyclization (6), which brings only to degradation products on the ketone, and which requires a complex and not much efficient procedure as far as the quality and yield of the isolated product is concerned. The second reduction (12) occurs in the presence of (+)-β-chlorodiisopinocamphenylborane, an expensive enantioselective reducing agent, with a stoichiometric excess of 5:1, which requires reaction conditions not easily achievable at industrial scale (3 days of reaction at −22° C., difficult work up and chromatography) to isolate the product.
It can be inferred from the patent that there is the possibility to fix the stereogenic centre through selective crystallization of the salt of a chiral acid as di-p-toluoyl-D-tartaric acid, expensive resolution agent, with consequent loss of at least half of the substrate.
EP 617038 describes a process for the preparation of Brinzolamide and its analogues starting from 3-acetyl-2,5-dichlorothiophene (scheme 2).

The reduction (6) with (+)-β-chlorodiisopinocamphenylborane and the cyclization (7) bring to the optically active alcohol 2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1,2-thiazin-4-ol, 6-chloro-3,4-dihydro-, 1,1-dioxide, (4S)-. The formation of a product enriched with one of the enantiomer is too early in the synthesis, with a consequent risk of racemisation during the following steps, while the reduction would be more efficient if performed on a more advanced intermediate. The disadvantages of the use of the enantioselective reducing agent (6) and of the cyclization of the alcohol (7) are the same of the method described in Scheme 1. Another disadvantage is the alkylation (8) with 1-bromo-3-methoxypropane, that, in order to avoid the reaction of the oxydrilic group, is performed portionwise, with low temperatures and long reaction times.
The sulfonamide is introduced in position 6 through metallation with n-butyl lithium, an expensive raw material, and then with a reaction with sulphurous anhydride and hydroxylamino-O-sulphonic acid. The base should be used in substantial excess (2,3 eq.), because the oxydrilic group reacts with the first equivalent. In this case the protection of the oxydrilic group as described in Scheme 1 is not possible without running the risk of racemization of the substrate.
Lastly, the conversion of the secondary alcohol to the amine is difficult and requires the protection (10) of the primary sulfonamide with trimethyl orthoacetate, the activation (11) of the oxydrilic group with tosyl chloride and finally the substitution (12) of the tosyl group with ethylamine and at the same time the aminolysis of the protection of sulfonamide with the excess of ethylamine.
This synthesis is described in Org. Process Res. Dev. 3, 1999, 114, written by the R&D laboratories of Alcon. So it is reasonable to believe that this synthesis is used by Alcon at industrial level. Anyway, due to the low purity of the product obtained (97%), several crystallizations are needed to have a product of acceptable pharmaceutical grade.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,470,973 describes a variant of the synthesis in scheme 1, which involves an alternative preparation of the syntone 2H-thieno[3,2-e]-1,2-thiazin-4-ol, 6-chloro-3,4-dihydro-2-(3-methoxypropyl)-, 1,1-dioxide, (4S)- and the other analogues lacking chlorine in position 6 or the 3-methoxypropylic chain (scheme 3).

To introduce the chiral centre, firstly the oxidation (8) with dichromate is performed, and then the stereoselective reduction (9) with (S)-tetrahydro-1-methyl-3,3-diphenyl-1H,3H-pyrrol[1,2-c][1,3,2]oxazaborole are performed. The need of oxidizing first and then reducing was already commented in the description of the first synthetic path; the low enantiomeric excess (92%) is another disadvantage.
So it is evident the need of an alternative process for the preparation of Brinzolamide which can resolve the above mentioned technical problems.

Process for the preparation of brinzolamide


A cap for removably attaching to a head of a fastener includes a main body having an open end and defining a hollow interior. The cap also includes an end section forming a closed end of the main body. The cap further includes a hollow inner portion connecting to an inner surface of the end section and extending through the hollow interior toward the open end of the main body. The inner portion is spaced from the main body, and the inner portion has a distal end configured to be inserted into an opening in the head of the fastener.

Earth-working machines, such as, for example, draglines, may be used for digging or ripping into the earth or rock and/or moving loosened material from one place to another. These machines may include a bucket for excavating or moving the material. The bucket can be subjected to extreme wear from abrasion and impacts experienced during the earth-working applications.
The bucket may include a lip including a plurality of noses projecting from a front edge of the lip. The lip may also include wing plates located at opposite sides of the lip. Various wear components may be coupled to the lip to protect the front edge of the lip. For example, teeth may be mountable to the noses, lip shrouds may be mountable between the noses, and wing shrouds may be mountable to the wing plates. The wear components may be releasably secured to the lip by retention systems, such as retaining members or locking pin systems.
An example of a retention system for retaining a wear member on an adapter secured to a bucket is described in International Publication No. WO 2013/037011 (the '011 publication). Specifically, the '011 publication discloses a lock assembly that includes a locking pin and a retaining member. The retaining member includes a tapered aperture that receives and retains a threaded portion of the locking pin. The retaining member also includes a detent that extends outwardly from a body of the retaining member and that prevents rotation of the retaining member in use.
While the retaining member of the '011 publication may retain the wear member on the adapter, it may still be less than optimal. For example, the retaining member may not provide a sufficiently secure attachment to other types of locking pins or fasteners, and may be difficult to remove when desired.
The disclosed system is directed to overcoming one or more of the problems set forth above.


A process for aerating suspensions, particularly to flotate them, for example in deinking of pulp suspensions, with one or more stages and/or cells. Each stage/cell has its own separate liquid loop. A cleaner is interposed to improve removal of dirt specks.

This invention relates generally to processes for aerating suspensions. More particularly, the present invention relates to processes for flotating suspensions, for example in deinking of pulp suspensions, with one or more stages and/or cells, where each stage/cell has its own separate liquid loop. In addition, the invention relates to a device for implementing the process.
Re-use of printed papers containing a high concentration of minerals (pigments, such as calcium carbonate and kaolin) requires process adjustments in the recycling process and in repulping during the deinking process.
For the recycling process, the input of non-fibrous substances (printing ink, minerals, etc.) involved is problematical. Operators of waste-paper treatment plants are forced to target removal of excess printing ink and mineral substances. Deinking flotation is a process for removing contaminants and printing ink particles from fibre pulp suspensions, particularly those produced in waste-paper treatment. Since it uses air bubbles to remove the ink particles, this process has only limited suitability for targeted removal of dirt specks at the same time, together with efficient ash removal and/or reduction of fines at low fibre loss.
Hydrophobic solids, or solids that have been rendered hydrophobic by means of surface-active substances, such as printing ink particles, etc., are carried to the surface of the liquid by the air bubbles adhering to them and can be removed there as foam. Depending on process management, dirt specks and fillers are removed more or less non-specifically along with the hydrophobic solids.
Examples of conventional processes are provided in EP 1 124 001 A2 or EP 1 262 593 A1, where the individual flotation stages can also be designed according to U.S. Pat. No. 4,255,262, EP 0 243 690, DE 31 20 202, or U.S. Pat. No. 6,208,549, for example. Processes of this type are used to remove contaminants and printing ink particles from pulp suspensions, particularly those produced in waste paper treatment. By applying this type of process, non-specific removal of mineral components (e.g. fillers, etc.) is achieved because their chemical surface properties (particularly loading) are such that they react differently to the ink particles in the pulp suspension, which are relatively easy to render hydrophobic. In addition, the specific weight of the mineral components is approximately two to three times higher than that of the ink particles. In the processes known, however, some disadvantages occur in selective flotation. If, for example, we try to target the removal of fillers by making certain changes to the process, this always results in a drop in the efficiency of printing ink and dirt speck removal, thus there is a need for additional changes in gas loading, adjustments to the raw material fluctuations, and changes in throughput. Furthermore, if the overflow quantity is increased in order to raise the removal rate of dirt specks and mineral substances, the fibre loss rises in equal proportion to this, which leads to greater expense for disposal and raw materials required. Dirt specks are very difficult to remove from the flotation process because of their particle size and the flow resistances prevailing in the tank.

Process and device for aerating suspensions


The present invention concerns an electrochromic cell comprising a layer (4) of electrochromic material to which an electrolyte layer (3) is applied, means (7, 8, 9) being designed to establish a potential difference between these layers; said electrolyte comprises at least one compound of general formula:Na1+xZr2SixP3−xO12  (1)in which x is chosen to respond to the following conditions: 1, 6≦x≦2, 4. The present invention also concerns a glass pane or a rear-view mirror including such a cell.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to an electrochromic cell for a rearview mirror. More particularly, the invention relates to an electrochromic cell for a rearview mirror including a stack of layers consisting of a layer of inorganic and transparent electrochromic material.
2. Description of the Related Art
An electrochromic cell typically includes layers of an inorganic and transparent electrolyte designed to establish a potential difference between these layers and the electrochromic material, and the electrolyte being chosen so that under the influence of this potential difference, cations migrate in a reversible way from the electrolyte towards the electrochromic material in order to be inserted into this last causing a modification of its power of absorption of the light.
It also concerns applications of this cell and a realization method of this one. In the known electrochromic cells of above-mentioned type, use is generally made, as electrochromic materials, of transition metal compounds, particularly, the tungsten oxide (W03) and vanadium oxide (V2O5).
These last two materials are indeed likely to integrate, by insertion, cations such as for example (Fr), Li+, Na+ and K+ protons.
This insertion is accompanied by a chemical modification of materials, at the origin of a change of color, that is to say of an increase in the capacity of absorption of the light.
Thus, for example, WO3 is colorless in a normal state and, due to the insertion of cations, is transformed into a colored complex with blue color.
It should be added that the insertion of cations is obtained by choosing the above-mentioned electrolyte so that this one, under the influence of a potential difference between this electrolyte and the electrochromic material, liberates cations, which come to be inserted in the electrochromic material.
It should be specified that this phenomenon of insertion is reversible, in the sense that by applying a potential difference inverse to the one causing the insertion of cations, there is migration of these same cations in return towards the electrolyte, which is accompanied by the transformation of the above-mentioned colored complex into colorless W03.
In the known cells of above-mentioned type, the electrolyte is constituted of a solid, organic or inorganic ionic conductor.
However, stacks consisting of an organic ionic conductor, such as polymer, are difficult to realize with a high degree of precision and uniformity of thickness because of the liquid or pasty characteristics of this type of conductor, characteristics which are given to it due to the presence of solvents; this lack of precision and uniformity is at the origin of the formation of marbling during the polarization of the stack.
Furthermore, the stage of realization of the layer of organic ionic conductor (injection of the conductor in the space formed between two glass layers with constant distance, then sealing this space) is not only difficult to implement, but also does not become integrated with the realization method of other layers of the stack, method which is a type of physical vapor deposition; it follows that two different manufacturing techniques are necessary to realize the stack, which complicates the manufacturing of this last.
Moreover, in the case of inorganic ionic conductors such as hydrated Ta2O5: H, ionic conduction varies in an extremely fast way with the degree of hydration; it is consequently essential to watch out that the preparation conditions of such hydrated conductor allow to acquire, in a precisely and reliably way, the desired degree of hydration, which is extremely difficult in the industry scale.

Electrochromic cell, its use in the realization of a glass pane or a rear-view mirror and its realization method


A pressure sensor is disclosed with at least one pressure sensing element, the pressure induced changes in the optical properties of which are evaluated by illumination with at least one light source. The pressure sensor can include at least two semiconductor-based pressure sensing elements located in individual pressure chambers, which sensing elements are located essentially adjacent to each other. The sensing elements can be irradiated with the same light source, wherein the light transmitted through the sensing elements is detected using at least two corresponding detectors, and wherein the differential pressure in the two pressure chambers is evaluated based on the output of these detectors.

From patent literature and from other technical publications it is known to utilize photoluminescence or absorption characteristics in semiconductor materials for measurement of parameters, such as temperature and pressure.
It has been proposed to use the shift of the absorption edge of bulk GaAs for pressure sensing. However this can result in severe difficulties, such as thermal stabilization and temperature cross-talk effects. After compensation the remaining temperature error, for example, can be 1.5 bar/K, whereas without compensation it could be 40 bar/K.
Others have demonstrated that the luminescence spectra and absorption of e.g. GaAs/Al(x)Ga(1-x)As, InGaAs/GaAs systems can be useful for pressure calibration. It has been purported to use the shift of laser lines of AlGaAs and InGaAs/GaAs quantum-well laser structures, such as for the high pressure regime (several GPa). For the latter, problems can be related to mode hopping and hysteresis. Apart from using the band gap shift for optical pressure sensing it can also be used for tuning the laser wavelength of semiconductor laser diodes. Tuning ranges larger than 200 nm have, for example, been reported


A communication terminal device is applicable to an aerial vehicle. The communication terminal device includes an antenna, an altimeter and a processing circuit. The antenna is configured to provide a transceiving range of electromagnetic waves. The flight height detector is configured to obtain an altitude measurement value adapted to specify an altitude of the aerial vehicle. The processing circuit is coupled to the altimeter and is configured to: determine whether the altitude measurement value exceeds a height threshold value; set the transceiving range of electromagnetic waves of the antenna to be omni-directional in response to determining that the altitude measurement value does not exceed the height threshold value; in response to determining that the altitude exceeds the height threshold value, execute an antenna beam width adjusting mechanism, so that the transceiving range of electromagnetic waves of the antenna is shaped into a directional beam.

The application of ordinary light aerial vehicle, such as unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), performing instant data transfer through a broadband mobile communication network starts to receive people's attention. This is because the ground base stations of terrestrial mobile communication network (such as 3G/4G/5G mobile communication network) have been configured at a high density, and an aerial vehicle flying under an regulatory altitude limit (such as 400 feet in most countries) is still within the coverage of the 3G/4G/5G terrestrial mobile networks and therefore can perform wireless transmission operation such as flight control and transmissions of image, video, or data.
However, when an UAV performs communication through a terrestrial mobile communication network during the flight, the overlap region between signal coverages of the base stations could increase as the altitude increases due to less obstacles, resulting in more overlaps of radio coverages. Under such circumstance, the communication of the UAV will be interfered by more base stations, such that some effects, e.g. handover confusion and communication instability, are induced.

Communication terminal device applicable to aerial vehicle and mobile communication method using the same

INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE


Solid-forming topical formulations can include a local anesthetic, an emulsifying agent, polymer, and water. The formulation can include from 0.1 wt % to 5 wt % more of the emulsifying agent, from 0.1 wt % to 20 wt % more of the polymer, and from 0.1 wt % to 30 wt % more water than a comparative formulation, and drying time is faster than the comparative formulation when applied to a skin surface and dried under the same ambient conditions.

Non-invasive pain control methods are desirable in preventing and/or treating pain. It would be useful to provide formulations that have good storage stability, particularly freeze-thaw storage stability, and are effective for pain prevention and treatment. Topical formulations that are easy to apply, dry quickly, and are easy to remove are useful.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Solid-forming topical formulations for pain control


A brake device includes: a fixed member; a moving member which is movable between a retracted position in which the moving member is adjacent to the fixed member and separate from a braking member, and a braking position in which a friction plate of the moving member contacts the braking member and provides a braking force to the braking member; an elastic member connected between the moving member and the fixed member; a coil disposed in the fixed member; and a controller which provides an operating current to the coil when the elevator is in normal operation, wherein the controller is configured to implement a test mode in which the controller provides a test current less than the operating current to the coil and determines whether the moving member has been attracted to the retracted position.

In an elevator system, a normally closed brake device is usually used. The brake device includes a fixed member and a moving member, and an elastic member such as a spring is disposed between the fixed member and the moving member to tend to hold the moving member at a braking position. When a coil on the fixed member is energized, the moving member will be attracted by a magnetic field generated by the coil to overcome an elastic force of the elastic member to move to a retracted position, thereby releasing a braking member, such as a brake disc or a brake wheel, and enabling the elevator to operate. With the operation of the elevator, a friction plate on the moving member of the elevator will be gradually worn out. Usually, a feeler gauge is used to manually detect an air gap between the moving member and the fixed member to estimate the degree of wear of the friction plate.

Brake device, a test method for the brake device and an elevator system


A cable traversing camera carrying device is provided having a manifold and a camera carriage coupled to the manifold. The manifold includes a first side plate and a second side plate. The manifold also includes two idler pulleys coupled between the first and second side plates located at opposing sides of the manifold and adjacent the top side of manifold. The manifold further includes a drive pulley coupled between the first and second side plates operatively engaged by a remotely activated and controlled motor. The drive pulley is located in a middle portion of the manifold below a line defined between axes of the two idler pulleys. The two idler pulleys and the drive pulley are adjustable to adjust the tension in a cable operatively extending through and engaging the idler pulleys and the drive pulley.

1. Technical Field
This invention relates generally to a camera carrying device and more particularly to a cable traversing camera carrying device.
2. State of the Art
Cameras are often used in conjunction with cables in order to obtain images and/or video from an aerial perspective. Conventionally, these cable systems have various numbers of cables and a carriage attached to the cables. Further, these conventional systems move the camera by use of the cables, wherein some of the cables pull the carriage along another cable or even just the cables themselves are statically connected to the carriage and move the carriage as the cables are wound and/or unwound. These systems require many additional components and features in order to properly operate the system to shoot pictures and video.
Accordingly, there is a need in the field of cable traversing camera carrying devices for an improved device that can travel along a cable while allowing the camera to function properly.


The present invention provides a photo-curable composition that requires a small mold-releasing force in a method of producing a cured product and also provides a method of producing a cured product with a small mold-releasing force. The method of producing a cured product includes applying a photo-curable composition onto a base material; pressing a mold to the photo-curable composition to form a pattern in the photo-curable composition; irradiating the photo-curable composition provided with the pattern with first light to generate a cured product having the pattern; and releasing the mold from the cured product, wherein a gas-generating region is formed from a gas-generating agent between the cured product and the mold; the gas-generating region is irradiated with second light to generate a gas in the gas-generating region; and the mold is released from the cured product after the generation of the gas or simultaneously with the generation of the gas.

In semiconductor integrated circuits, refinement and integration have been developed, and accuracy in photolithographic apparatus as a technology for forming patterns has been increased to achieve micromachining by the apparatus. The photolithographic technology, however, has almost reached a limit by that the machining accuracy required has get close to the diffraction limit of exposure light.
In order to further promote refinement and high accuracy, proposed is a photo-nanoimprint method, where a mold having a fine pattern of protrusions and depressions is pressed to a resist that has been applied to a substrate to transfer the pattern of the mold to the resist film on the substrate.
In particular, special attention has been given to a photo-nanoimprint method for producing a fine resist pattern on a substrate by pressing a mold transparent against exposure light to a photo-curable composition applied onto a substrate, curing the photo-curable composition by light irradiation, and detaching the mold from the cured product.
The photo-nanoimprint method, however, has a problem that a large mold-releasing force is necessary for releasing the mold from the cured product. In some cases, the large mold-releasing force causes defects in the pattern or reduces the accuracy in alignment by floating of the substrate from the stage on which the substrate placed.
Against such a problem, PTL 1 describes a method for reducing the mold-releasing force by generating a gas between a mold and a resist by adding a gas-generating agent that generates a gas by means of light or heat to a photo-curable composition.
PTL 2 describes a method for generating a gas between a mold and a resist by placing a photocatalyst on the surface of the mold and performing light irradiation to decompose the resist being in contact with the mold through oxidation by the photocatalyst.
In the method described in PTL 1, since the photo-curable composition contains the gas-generating agent, bubbles are easily generated in the cured product by the generation of a gas.
In the method described in PTL 2, since the gas is generated by directly oxidizing the surface of a photo-cured product to decompose it, the surface of the photo-cured product is substantially deteriorated.
That is, the above-described two methods hardly increase the accuracy in pattern prepared as a cured product.

Method of producing cured product and method of forming pattern


The object of the invention is an electrical harness having a plurality of electrically conductive elements held one against another in a braided sheath obtained by braiding strands around the electrical conductor elements, the strands being joined and forming a web around the electrical conductor elements when held against each other, wherein it includes a device to space comprising at least one portion with a peripheral surface at the level of which channels are provided wherein an electrical conductor fits, said portion having a section such that it allows to obtain spaced strands at the level of said device to space when the sheath is being braided around the electrical conductor elements.

In a known manner, as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, an electrical harness 10 includes several conductive elements 12 which are held one against another in a braided sheath 14.
For the rest of the description, the term 'conductive element' is at least one wire of electrically conductive material, whatever its diameter, surrounded or not by an insulating material.
Thus, one conductive element may be composed of several small section wires, coated with a plastic sheath. Alternatively, a conductive element may comprise a plurality of cables each comprising a plurality of metal wires coated with a plastic sheath, said cables being coated with a plastic sheath.
Once the conductive elements are grouped, a sheath 14 is braided around conductive elements 12 not only to keep them pressed against each other but also to protect them. Braided sheath 14 is formed from strands e.g. in cotton or polyester. It is preferably coated with a varnish.
An electrical harness 10 may pass through a partition 16 through an hole 18 formed in said partition, as illustrated in FIG. 2.
In some applications, such as when an electrical harness passes through an aircraft tank partition, it is necessary to ensure a perfect seal between harness 10 and partition 16.
According to one embodiment, hole 18 has a diameter greater than the outside diameter of electrical harness 10. To provide a seal, an annulus seal 20 is inserted between partition 16 and harness 10. It comprises a central part 22 which outer diameter is substantially identical to that of hole 18, and a flange 24, one of the faces of which is pressed against passed through partition 16. Connecting means such as bolts 26 are provided to secure annulus seal 20 to partition 16. A seal 28 in the form of a disc with a central hole is inserted between flange 24 and partition 16 as a seal between annulus seal 20 and partition 16.
Central part 22 comprises sealing means 27 for sealing between the harness and the annulus seal, or more precisely between a ring consisting of a matrix resin, which inner diameter is identical to the outer diameter of electrical harness 10, and the rest of the annulus seal.
Additionally, electrical harness 10 and annulus seal 20 are coated with a coating product 30 to provide a seal on both sides of the partition. In order to obtain the required seal, at least six layers of coating material 30 must be applied.
The application of coating material 30 to the outside of braided sheath 14 does not guarantee optimum seal since leaking paths 32 remain inside the braided tube between the conductive elements. Such leaking paths 32 are difficult to fill because the coating resin can hardly reach these sheath inner areas whatever the mode of application.

Electrical harness equipped with a device to space its electrical conductors at the level of a partition passage


The present invention provides a securing device for securing a card to a socket within a computer is provided where the card and the socket are coupled. The device includes a unitary base member comprising a foundation portion dimensioned to receive a stationary socket and an arm portion orthogonally positioned relative to the foundation. A first engaging means is formed on at least one side of the arm member. The device also includes a clasp assembly that includes an opening for slideably receiving the arm portion of the unitary base member, a recess for receiving a non-connecting end of a card, and a second engaging means for securely engaging the first engaging means. The clasp assembly secures the card to the socket with the socket received in the foundation portion and edge of the card is received in the recess.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to devices for securing a circuit board to a socket for electrical connection. In particular, an exemplary embodiment of the present invention relates to a clamping device for securing a circuit board within a socket of a computer bus.
2. Background
FIG. 1A illustrates a conventional circuit board 100 situated for placement into a connector socket 140 located on a baseboard 110, such as a "motherboard", of a computer. The circuit board 100 includes circuit elements 120 (i.e., processors, resistors, capacitors, or the like) and can also include one or more plug connectors 160 for external connection connected through a mounting bracket 150. The typical circuit board 100 includes one or more connectors 130 and 130′ (connector 130 shown with electrically conductive leads 135) shown slightly elevated from the connector socket 140 (hereinafter "socket") which is the mate for connector 130. While connector 130′ is shown as a pronged connector, other types of connectors could also be employed.
FIG. 1B shows an end view of the conventional circuit board 100 shown in FIG. 1A, with the circuit board 100 (shown in dashed lines) and associated connector 130 (not shown) inserted into the socket 140. Specifically, this view illustrates how the additional connector 130′ is able to provide additional circuit connections. A connector 170 can be connected to the connector 130′ and provided to other elements in the computer via a ribbon cable or the like.
Proper positioning of circuit boards, like the one illustrated in FIGS. 1A and 1B, firmly within sockets of computers is vital to efficient operation of the computer. Normally, a plurality of circuit boards, such as interface cards, are placed as securely as possible, into sockets (i.e., electrical connectors) that are electrically connected to other elements within the computer that enable the computer, via a communications bus or the like, to properly operate. Nearly all computers have numerous sockets that enable manual placement of various circuit boards within the computer. The plurality of sockets allow, for example, a computer owner to "upgrade" a computer's processing capability, modem, display capabilities etc., by merely exchanging one circuit board for a newer updated circuit board.
While the use of numerous sockets enables an efficient and cost effective way of upgrading a computer, this increases the possibility of computer malfunction due to improperly seated circuit boards. For example, a circuit board can become lose due to vibration or shock and be damaged or fail to achieve reliable electrical connection.
Additionally, the constant miniaturization processing chips and thus the reduction of the space required for PC boards has positive spatial effects but can lead to problems associated with excessive heat generation by components. With regard to circuit boards, the constant heating and cooling of the circuit boards, especially in the continual reduction of space for placement of circuit boards, leads to the loosening of the fit of the board in the socket. As a result, even a minor movement of the computer can cause disconnection of a circuit board and malfunction of the computer. Finally, as more components are placed on PC boards, the length of the board is often extended. Accordingly, the weight of the board can cause a torque on the card that tends to cause the card to be unseated from the socket.
There have been numerous attempts to solve such problems through the employment of a support mechanism to reduce the chances that the circuit board will break off at the connector or fall out of positioning within the socket. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,383,793 to Hsu, discloses an adjustable height and position retainer for releasably retaining a printer circuit card in a circuit card edge connector. The retainer comprises an elongated base member for attachment to the side of a circuit card edge connector, an elongated retaining post, and a clamp assembly slideably attached to the retaining post and positionable at any selected position along the length of the retaining post.
This device however, is impractical for several reasons. For example, the device includes a base having separate pieces. This reduces the effectiveness of the card retainer in several ways. Initially, as indicated by the open ends in the elongated base member, this can lead to the post falling away from the base thereby rendering the retainer ineffective. Additionally, since the post is moveable with regard to the base, ineffective retaining of the circuit board can result, if for example, the post is installed in a non-orthogonal manner with respect to the circuit board. Moreover, the device is very complex and is not easy to use. For example, the clamping device requires at least two fingers of a hand to properly release the clamping device as two levers are required to be released from separate sets of teeth.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,996,962 to Chang discloses card retainer having a holder body including a slot which rests against an outer edge of a circuit board. The holder body has a channel into which a post is inserted. The post has a series of teeth which form a ratchet with a pawl. A pair of leaf springs having a head is attached to the top of the post. The leaf spring provides an outward bias to the head against the inner surface of the central processing unit cover which urges the circuit board to the edge connector. To assure that the holder body stays in a desired position on the circuit board, a pair of tie down straps which pass through the holder body and around the inside of the circuit board are provided. This device, like the device described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,383,793, has deficiencies in that it provides a complicated and mechanically intensive device to restrain circuit boards. For example, this device relies upon the cover for securing a circuit card. Any movement (i.e., through shifting, buckling or bending) of the cover impacts effectiveness of the card retainer.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,603,628 to Schapiro, Jr. discloses a card retainer device which utilizes a pair of tie members which connect to anchors located on or attached to the card housing bus. The anchors can be fabricated directly into the bus connectors into which computer cards are contemplated to be installed. This device also has several disadvantageous effects. The retainer device requires a special connecter having catches to secure an end of the card retainer device. Additionally, the device is difficult to pull tight between boards that are closely arranged. Moreover, the edge of the circuit board could wear against the strap and cause damage to both the card and the strap.

Device for securing a circuit board to a socket


A novel display is provided. A display having a small change in chromaticity of a micro light-emitting diode in proportion to current density is provided. A display capable of reducing power consumption in the driver circuit when displaying a still image is provided. The display includes a plurality of pixels each including a display element and a microcontroller. The microcontroller includes a first transistor, a triangular wave generator circuit, a comparator, a switch, and a constant current circuit. The first transistor has a function of retaining a potential corresponding to data written to the pixel by being switched off. The triangular wave generator circuit has a function of generating a triangular wave signal. The comparator has a function of generating an output signal corresponding to the potential and the triangular wave signal. The switch has a function of controlling whether or not to make a current flowing in the constant current circuit flow to the display element in accordance with the output signal.

In recent years, a display and a lighting device including a micro light-emitting diode (hereinafter, referred to as a micro LED (LED: Light Emitting Diode)) are being proposed (e.g., Patent Document 1). A display including a micro LED is capable of high luminance, and therefore has the advantage that an image projected on a wall or a desk can be seen, visibility outdoors is improved, and the like and is being actively researched and developed as a next-generation display.
The luminance of a micro LED changes in proportion to the current density. The chromaticity of a micro LED changes slightly in response to the current density. Patent Document 2 discloses a structure in which pulse width modulation (PWM) control is performed on a micro LED. Favorable chromaticity and a desired luminance can be achieved by driving a micro LED through performing PWM control.

Display and electronic device including the display

Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd.


A lens element includes a main body. The main body includes a number of first lens portions, a number of second lens portions corresponding to the first lens portions, and a deflecting portion upwardly protruding from a surface of the main body. The deflecting portion includes a deflecting surface positioned outside the main body. The deflecting surface deflects optical signals between the first lens portions and the second lens portions.

1. Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to lens elements and, particularly, to a lens element for an optical communication apparatus.
2. Description of Related Art
Optical communication apparatus generally include a number of photoelectric elements for emitting/receiving optical signals, a number of optical fibers for transmitting optical signals, and a lens element for optically coupling the photoelectric elements with the optical fibers. The photoelectric elements are typically positioned on a surface of a printed circuit board (PCB). The photoelectric elements emit/receive optical signals with a transmitting direction substantially perpendicular to the surface of the PCB, and a transmitting direction of optical signals in the optical cable is substantially parallel to the surface of the PCB. Therefore, a transmitting direction of the optical signals should be deflected for substantial 90 degrees by a deflecting structure, thus the photoelectric elements and the optical fiber can be optically coupled with each other. The deflecting structure is typically designed by defining a groove with a deflecting surface in the lens element. However, the deflecting structure will increase a difficulty of manufacturing the coupler. Further, because the deflecting surface is formed in an inner space of the lens element, a quality of the deflecting surface is difficult to be ensured.
What is needed therefore is a lens element addressing the limitations described.

Lens element for optical communication apparatus


A transmit power indication method, a transmit power receiving method, a network device and an access device are provided. The transmit power indication method is applied to a network device, and includes transmitting indication information on a first link of the network device, wherein the indication information is used to indicate current transmit power of the first link of the network device, or to indicate a transmit power offset of the first link, wherein the transmit power offset is a difference between the current transmit power of the first link and transmit power of the network device before the network device transmits the indication information.

As shown in FIG. 1, a self-backhaul technology uses high-frequency air interface transmission to replace optical fiber backhaul, and backhauls data to a site with an optical fiber transmission capability via a multi-hop link. For example, a base station B and a base station C backhaul data to a base station A with an optical fiber transmission capability via a backhaul link.
Resources may be allocated for a backhaul link (BH) and an access link in the following manners: time division multiplexing (TDM), frequency division multiplexing (FDM), or space division multiplexing (SDM). FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a case in which the backhaul link and the access link are time-division multiplexed (TDM). FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a case in which the backhaul link and the access link are frequency-division multiplexed (FDM). FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a case in which the backhaul link and the access link are space-division multiplexed (SDM).
In FIG. 4, in order to ensure a full utilization of resources, when an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) relay station is in a backhaul or transmitting process, the IAB relay station may perform backhaul link (BH) transmission and link transmission corresponding to the IAB serving user equipment (UE) simultaneously, that is, an SDM of IAB backhaul and access links.
As shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, in a slot 2, IAB is to perform backhaul and serve UE in its cell. For UE that accesses an IAB (AC-UE), the IAB is a serving cell. In a case that an IAB-1 does not perform backhaul, the UE may determine transmit power of a downlink reference symbol, such as a synchronization signal and PBCH block (SSB) and a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), according to energy per resource element (EPRE, also referred to as reference power) in broadcast information of an IAB-1 base station. Based on the transmit power, UE may perform beam management and measurement of a neighboring cell.
In a case that SDM transmission of an backhaul link and an access link is performed by IAB-1, UE accessing the IAB is unaware of the transmit power corresponding to PBH, and the UE still performs beam management and measurement of a neighboring cell by using EPRE, resulting in problems in beam management or inaccurate measurement of the neighboring cell.

Transmit power indication method, transmit power receiving method, network device and access device

China Mobile Communication Co., Ltd Research Institute

China Mobile Communications Group Co., Ltd.


Integrated circuits including a buried wiring lien. One embodiment provides a field effect transistor including a first active area and a gate electrode buried below a main surface of a semiconductor substrate. A gate wiring line may be buried below the main surface and a section of the gate wiring line may form the gate electrode. Above the gate wiring line, a buried contact structure is formed that is adjacent to and in direct contact with the first or a second active area.

In integrated circuits, wiring connects a plurality of electronic elements such as field effect transistors (FETs), capacitors, resistors and/or diodes to form functional electronic circuits. Typically, the electronic elements are arranged along a main surface of a semiconductor substrate such as a silicon wafer or a SoI (silicon-on-insulator) wafer. The wiring may be provided in several wiring layers, wherein interlevel dielectric layers are disposed between the wiring layers and between the bottom wiring layer and the main surface. Vertical contact structures (vias) connect wiring lines of different wiring layers with each other and with the electronic elements provided on or in the semiconductor substrate.
In some applications, each terminal of an electronic element, for example, a field effect transistor, may be connected to one or more of the wiring layers. Shrinking in size of the elements on the main surface results in dense contact arrangements. In order to relax overlay requirements and process windows, the contacts are conventionally arranged in a sufficient distance to each other such that the contact arrangement of an electronic element may consume more area than the electronic element itself. For example, the overall area of the contact arrangement of a 3D field effect transistor, which includes at least one channel section that is not oriented along a surface parallel to the main surface, like an EUD (extended U-groove device), a vertical field effect transistor, a recess channel transistor, or a FinFET, may be greater than the planar cross-section of the active area of the 3D field effect transistor.

Integrated circuit including a buried wiring line


A graft copolymer is produced by grafting both at least one perfluoroacrylate and at least one N-(oxymethyl)acrylamide, e.g., IBMA, onto a poly(oxyalkylene) composition. This graft copolymer is water dispersible prior to crosslinking while after crosslinking, it becomes a highly durable hydrophobic and oil repellent coating for fibers, textiles, and the like.

The present invention relates to a copolymer in which certain fluorocarbons such as perfluoroacrylates and certain optionally substituted N-(oxymethyl)-acrylamide monomers, such as IBMA, are grafted onto a poly(oxyalkylene) compositions. The crosslinkable graft copolymer according to the present invention has a number of surprising properties including the fact that prior to crosslinking it is hydrophilic while subsequent to crosslinking, it becomes hydrophobic.
A variety of fluorocarbon surface treatments are recognized in the art. However, these fluorocarbon materials suffer from a number of drawbacks.
For example, the art employed these fluorocarbon materials in solvents such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) and/or a volatile organic compounds (VOC) which solvents are clearly not favored in view of those environmental problems associated with their use.
In addition, these fluorocarbon materials also suffer from inadequate wetting characteristics. In particular, these fluorocarbons are not free flowable upon removal of the solvent. Instead, they are a viscous, glassy solid at room temperature. Furthermore, they are still not considered flowable even upon exposure to moderate temperatures, i.e., 150.degree.-180 .degree. C.
The importance of this disadvantage can be found in the fact that due to their inadequate wetting characteristics, the uniformity of their treatment is erratic, i.e., the active solids do not form a uniform coating or treatment onto the substrate to which they are applied.
These fluorocarbon materials currently employed in the art are typically mixed with resins such as polyurethane which act as an adhesive for bonding the fluorocarbons to the fiber. However, due to the surface energy associated with these traditional fluorocarbons, one still does not obtain adequate "wetting" on the fiber surface.
The grafting of olefinic materials to organic compounds has also been recognized in the art.
For example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,418,354 to Wheeler relates a process for producing an olefin-poly(oxyalkylene) graft copolymer in which an olefin and a peroxide compound containing a peroxide group linked to a tertiary carbon atom are slowly and simultaneously added to a poly(oxyalkylene) compound.
This patent also discusses the ability to produce graft copolymers from certain fluoro-olefins. However, these fluoro-olefins are volatile materials and thus difficult to work with as illustrated by the use of high pressure vessels within the examples of this patent.
In addition, U.S. Pat. No. 4,463,035 to Green and U.S. Pat. No. 4,463,036 to Totten and Sabia, both relate to the production of graft copolymers where certain N-(oxymethyl)-acrylamide compounds, such as IBMA, are grafted onto a poly(oxyalkylene). In each patent, the graft polymers are employed as a finish for textile fibers.
However, the graft copolymers recognized within the art suffer from certain undesirable limitations. For example, the graft copolymers disclosed in the Green and Totten et al patents provide a hydrophilic surface treatment for fibers and textiles and thus, are not useful in a variety of environments.
Accordingly, the need still exists for an improved coating for use with fibrous materials.

Fluorocarbon and IBMA grafted polyoxyalkylene copolymers


A toilet system comprising a toilet seat that is configured for a user to sit on or squat over for depositing of human waste. The toilet seat can include a toilet seat body with a toilet seat opening. A riser can be configured to support and elevate the toilet seat to a selected or prescribed height and can include a riser body with a riser opening and a first riser attachment portion being connectable to one or more seat attachment portions of the toilet seat. A base can include a base body that has a base opening and a base attachment portion that is connectable to a second riser attachment portion of the riser and/or the one or more seat attachment portions of the toilet seat. A plurality of inserts can be configured to be at least partially received within the riser opening and/or the base opening to allow for reconfiguration of the toilet system.

Every living person in the world must urinate and defecate. Unfortunately, many people in the world do not have access to hygienic toilets and many more do not have access to safely managed sanitation. In reality, open defecation is widely practiced, leading to fecal contamination of the environment, which can lead to health hazards, mental anguish, violence, etc. While these impacts can be mitigated by establishing standards of safer toilet systems implemented in resource constrained communities around the world, a holistic approach to sanitary management requires understanding of cultural norms and preferences. Current improvements in toilet systems tend to focus on improving sanitary and sewerage aspects of the toilet system, while largely ignoring cultural norms and user preferences. Implementing toilets that do not address user preferences leads to a host of product misuse, which is evidenced by the number of toilets that are transformed into glorified flower pots or sold because many communities will not use something that may not meet their cultural needs. Therefore, there is a continuing need for sanitary toilet options that are easily deployable by customers; are universal, e.g., are reconfigurable to be culturally specific with various options that enable end users to choose how to best meet their preferences/cultural needs; can be safely used by people of all abilities; are aspirational by promoting both hygiene and dignity; and which also allow users to make small incremental investments to move up the sanitation value chain. The present disclosure addresses the foregoing and other related and unrelated problems/issues in the art.


A captive screw including a screw and a ferrule is disclosed. One end of the ferrule is adapted for engagement to a hole in a panel to be secured by the captive screw. The screw has an annular flange that is captured within the bore of the ferrule. The screw has a shaft with a threaded portion. The threaded portion of the screw shaft can be made to extend from the ferrule to varying amounts as the screw is moved relative to the ferrule between extended and retracted positions. An optional spring may be provided in the ferrule to bias the screw toward the retracted position.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a captive screw fastener for releasably securing a closure member in the closed position.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Captive screws are used to releasably attach panels over an opening or to secure a door closed. Captive screws have the advantage that once the screw is disengaged from the threaded hole underlying the panel or door to which the captive screw is attached, there are no loose parts that can get lost or fall into crevices in the equipment protected by the door or panel where the impact of the falling screw may even cause damage to sensitive equipment. The captive screw is generally attached to a panel such that the captive screw is in registry with a hole in the panel. The hole in the panel registers with a threaded hole in the structure underlying the panel when the panel is in the closed position. The screw is engaged to the threaded hole to secure the panel in the closed or attached position. The screw is disengaged from the threaded hole to allow the panel to be removed.
The present invention is directed to a captive screw fastener for releasably securing a closure member in the closed position. As an example, the captive screw of the present invention can be used to secure the access panels of electronic equipment over the access openings in such equipment. The captive screw of the present invention includes a screw having a screw head and a shaft having a threaded portion. An annular flange is provided on the shaft intermediate the screw head and the threaded portion of the shaft. The annular flange is spaced apart from the screw head. The captive screw of the present invention also includes a sleeve or ferrule. The ferrule has a hollow bore, a panel engaging end, and a screw retaining end. A portion of the shaft of the screw including the annular flange is housed within the bore of the ferrule with the annular flange being captured between the ends of the ferrule. The screw is movable relative to the ferrule between an extended position and a retracted position. In the extended position the threaded portion of the screw shaft projects from the panel engaging end of the ferrule to its maximum amount. The amount of projection of the threaded portion of the screw shaft from the panel engaging end of the ferrule varies as the screw is moved relative to the ferrule. In the retracted position the amount of projection of the threaded portion of the screw shaft from the panel engaging end of the ferrule is at its minimum. In some embodiments, the threaded portion of the screw shaft may be completely retracted into the bore of the ferrule.
The screw head is located outside the ferrule where it can be accessed by a user""s fingers for tightening or loosening the screw. The screw may be provided with knurling or serration on the peripheral surface of the screw head to give the user""s fingers a better grip. The panel engaging end of the ferrule is designed to engage a hole in the panel that is to be secured by the captive screw in order to attach the ferrule to the panel. The screw retaining end has a hole that allows the shaft of the screw to extend through the hole, however, the diameter of the hole in the screw retaining end of the ferrule is less than the diameter of the annular flange such that the annular flange remains captured within the bore of the ferrule. The screw retaining end of the ferrule may be formed by a second annular flange which projects from the peripheral wall of the ferrule inward toward the central longitudinal axis of the ferrule. The panel engaging end of the ferrule also has a hole that provides clearance for the shaft of the screw but is too small in diameter to allow the annular flange of the screw to clear the opening in the panel engaging end of the ferrule. Peripheral to the hole in the panel engaging end of the ferrule is a shoulder which acts as a seat for one end of an optional spring that may be provided intermediate the annular flange of the screw and the panel engaging end of the ferrule. This optional spring acts to bias the screw toward the retracted position once the screw is disengaged from the threaded hole in the structure underlying the panel. The captive screw of the present invention is attached to a panel such that the screw is in registry with a hole in the panel. The hole in the panel registers with a threaded hole in the structure underlying the panel when the panel is in the closed position. The screw is engaged to the threaded hole to secure the panel in the closed or attached position. The screw is disengaged from the threaded hole to allow the panel to be removed.
In another embodiment, the captive screw of the present invention includes a screw having a screw head and a shaft having screw threads along at least a portion thereof. An annular flange is provided at the base of the screw head. The annular flange has a larger outside diameter than the screw head. The annular flange is contiguous with the screw head and projects radially outward from the base of the screw head. This embodiment of the captive screw of the present invention also includes a sleeve or ferrule. The ferrule has a hollow bore, a panel-engaging end, and a screw-retaining end. A portion of the screw including the annular flange is housed within the bore of the ferrule with the annular flange being captured between the ends of the ferrule. The screw is movable relative to the ferrule between an extended position and a retracted position, and the range of motion of the screw relative to the ferrule is limited by the range of motion of the annular flange within the ferrule. In the extended position at least some of the threaded portion of the screw shaft projects from the panel-engaging end of the ferrule. The amount of projection of the threaded portion of the screw shaft from the panel-engaging end of the ferrule varies as the screw is moved relative to the ferrule. In the retracted position the amount of projection, if any, of the threaded portion of the screw shaft from the panel-engaging end of the ferrule is at its minimum. This means that in some embodiments the threaded portion of the screw shaft may be completely retracted into the bore of the ferrule.
The screw head is accessible from outside the ferrule, thus allowing a user to turn the screw using any suitable tool. The panel-engaging end of the ferrule is designed to engage a hole in a panel in order to attach the ferrule to the panel. The screw-retaining end has a hole that allows the top portion of the head of the screw to extend through the hole. However, the diameter of the hole in the screw-retaining end of the ferrule is less than the diameter of the annular flange such that the annular flange remains captured within the bore of the ferrule. The panel-engaging end of the ferrule also has a hole that provides clearance for the shaft of the screw but is too small in diameter to allow the annular flange of the screw to clear the opening in the panel-engaging end of the ferrule. Peripheral to the hole in the panel-engaging end of the ferrule is a shoulder that acts as a seat for one end of a spring that may be provided intermediate the annular flange of the screw and the panel-engaging end of the ferrule. This optional spring acts to bias the screw toward the retracted position once the screw is disengaged from the threaded hole in the structure underlying the panel. As with the previous embodiment, this embodiment of the captive screw of the present invention is attached to a panel such that the screw is in registry with a hole in the panel. The hole in the panel is positioned in registry with a threaded hole in the structure underlying the panel when the panel is in the closed position. The screw is engaged to the threaded hole to secure the panel in the closed or attached position. The screw is disengaged from the threaded hole to allow the panel to be removed.


Methods and devices to measure voltage margins of electromechanical devices are disclosed. The voltage margins are determined based on responses to test voltages which cause the devices to change states. State changes of the devices are detected by monitoring integrated current or charge used to drive the devices with the test voltages.

1. Field of the Invention
The field relates to microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), and more particularly to methods and systems for measurement of electrical parameters of MEMS devices.
2. Description of the Related Technology
Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) include micro mechanical elements, actuators, and electronics. Micromechanical elements may be created using deposition, etching, and or other micromachining processes that etch away parts of substrates and/or deposited material layers or that add layers to form electrical and electromechanical devices. One type of MEMS device is called an interferometric modulator. As used herein, the term interferometric modulator or interferometric light modulator refers to a device that selectively absorbs and/or reflects light using the principles of optical interference. In certain embodiments, an interferometric modulator may comprise a pair of conductive plates, one or both of which may be transparent and/or reflective in whole or part and capable of relative motion upon application of an appropriate electrical signal. In a particular embodiment, one plate may comprise a stationary layer deposited on a substrate and the other plate may comprise a metallic membrane separated from the stationary layer by an air gap. As described herein in more detail, the position of one plate in relation to another can change the optical interference of light incident on the interferometric modulator. Such devices have a wide range of applications, and it would be beneficial in the art to utilize and/or modify the characteristics of these types of devices so that their features can be exploited in improving existing products and creating new products that have not yet been developed.

Measurement and apparatus for electrical measurement of electrical drive parameters for a MEMS based display


The present invention relates to a mechanical process for granulating and cold manufacturing of spherical particles of aluminum and transformation of turnings, chips “UBC” utility beverage cans and aluminum cans into finished products intended for the use into aluminothermy, remelt or foundry. The new process of granulation requires a first equipment for pressing, followed by an equipment for shredding, followed by a granulating equipment for the realization of transformation of raw product into granular spherical finished product. Use of presses, choppers, granulators, separators, cyclones integrated in the process, allows to sort and decontaminate by-products, with possible recycling for later use, among which the recasting, aluminothermy and the recovery of many substances entering in the manufacture of a multitude of products used in industry.

The present invention consists in a cold granulation process intended for the recovery of substances used in industry, in fields as varied as those of recasting, remelt, foundry and aluminothermy, as those of the recycling of cosmetic powders, powders entering the manufacture of paintings, etc. Primarily, the new process separates by means of a number of pieces, substances contained in chips, turnings, UBC and aluminum cans. It thus belongs to the growing recycling sector, which nowadays is blooming in industry, by the double effect of the awareness of a public more informed and more concerned of its environment and the flourishing commercial opportunities that it announces. Although the recycling of substances develops, it seems, concerning metals and alloys, that the industry employs mainly fusion or recasting and not cold processes, although of high quality which would allow energy saving and would avoid pollution due to absence of emanations during subsequent recasting.


Techniques involve: acquiring, through a first downstream port of a first switch of a data storage system, information indicating an error of a storage device array from a second switch of the data storage system, wherein the first switch and the second switch are connected to the storage device array and the first downstream port is connected to a second downstream port of the second switch; executing, based on the acquired information, actual actions intended for solving the error; and in response to the executed actual actions failing to match with expected actions for the error, issuing an alarm indicating failure of processing the error.

Along with the development of data storage techniques, storage servers usually need to manage storage systems containing a large amount of disks and the storage servers are often connected with the disks by a bus to transmit information. In the storage architecture with bus interconnections, if an error occurs in a disk, it is usually required to execute a corresponding error response mechanism for the error. Therefore, the task of ensuring that a corresponding response is made in an occurrence of error is worth studying.

Method for detecting data storage system, device and data storage system


A hand-held dispenser for precisely controlling the flow rate of water therethrough and for precisely controlling the metering of a liquid chemical into the water passing through the apparatus.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a hand-held dispenser and more particularly to a hand-held dispenser which is capable of controlling the flow rate of water therethrough and for controlling the metering of a liquid chemical into the water passing through the dispenser.
2. Description of the Related Art
Many types of dispensers have been previously provided which may be connected to the end of a water hose or the like wherein the device introduces chemicals into the water flow so that a lawn or the like may be sprayed. The devices of the prior art are also able to inject liquid chemicals into a water stream so that a mop bucket, etc., may be filled with water, detergent or other chemicals.
To applicant's knowledge, none of the prior art devices are able to conveniently and economically precisely control the rate of water flow through the device but to also precisely control the metering of liquid chemicals into the precisely controlled flow of water.
In applicant's co-pending application, a solution to the problems of the prior art is disclosed. The instant invention is believed to be an improvement in the invention of the co-pending application. Although the invention of applicant's co-pending application has been well-accepted, it has been found that certain customers have a preference for a single flow rate of water through the spool member such as two gallons per minute but some of those same customers desire to have at least two chemical injection rates for dispensing into the water available to them.


A fan case of a gas turbine engine includes a fan blade containment section defined about an engine axis and a plurality of helical ribs adjacent to the fan blade containment section.

The present disclosure relates to gas turbine engines, and in particular, to a fan case for a gas turbine engine.
The fan section of a gas turbine engine includes an array of fan blades which project radially from a hub within a fan case. Although exceedingly unlikely, it is possible for a fan blade or a fragment thereof to separate from the hub and strike the fan case. The fan case operates to prevent any liberated material from radially exiting the engine. The demands of blade containment are balanced by the demands for low weight and high strength.
For relatively small diameter engines, adequate containment capability is typically achieved with a hardwall design in which a metallic case thick enough to resist penetration by a blade fragment is utilized.
For relatively large diameter engines, a metallic fan case thick enough to resist penetration is prohibitively heavy so a softwall design is typically utilized in which a lightweight, high strength ballistic fabric is wrapped in a plurality of layers around a relatively thin, penetration susceptible metallic or composite case. In operation, a separated blade fragment penetrates the case and strikes the fabric. The case is punctured locally but retains structural integrity after impact. The punctured case continues to support the fabric and maintains clearance for the blade tips.

Energy-absorbing fan case for a gas turbine engine


A phase change memory device and a method of fabricating the same are disclosed. The phase change memory device includes a first conductor pattern having a first conductivity type and a sidewall. A second conductor pattern is connected to the sidewall of the first conductor pattern to form a diode. A phase change layer is electrically connected to the second conductor pattern and a top electrode is connected to the phase change layer.

1. Field of Invention
Embodiments exemplarily disclosed herein generally relate to semiconductor devices and methods of fabricating the same, and more particularly, to a phase change memory device and a method of fabricating the same.
2. Discussion of the Related Art
A phase change memory device stores data by using a stable state of a phase change material. The phase change material can stably exhibit one of two states depending upon a temperature applied thereto. After heating the phase change material at a temperature higher than a melting temperature of the phase change material and then cooling it down, the phase change material layer exhibits a substantially amorphous state. After heating the phase change material at a temperature higher than a crystallization temperature and lower than the melting temperature and then cooling it down, the phase change material layer exhibits a substantially crystalline state.
The electrical resistivity of the phase change material layer exhibiting a substantially amorphous state is higher than the electrical resistivity of the phase change material layer exhibiting a substantially crystalline state. Accordingly, the logic state of a memory cell formed of phase change material can be differentiated as either logic 1 or logic 0 by detecting a current that flows through the phase change material layer during a read mode.
A cell of a typical phase change memory device includes one access transistor and one phase change element. FIG. 1 is an equivalent circuit of a cell array in a conventional access transistor-type phase change memory device.
Referring to FIG. 1, an access transistor Tx and a phase change device R are connected between word lines WL and bit lines BL. A gate of the access transistor Tx is connected to the word line WL, its drain is connected to the bit line BL, and its source is connected to the phase change device R.
In the device shown in FIG. 1, a unit cell has a structure similar to that of DRAM. In a case of a NOR cell array structure, the size of a cell may have an 8F2 structure, which is 8 times of a minimum feature size F. However, when using the minimum size access transistor, a sufficient current may not be supplied for phase change. Therefore, a big size transistor of 15 through 20F2 structure is required.
Recently, diode-type access phase change memory devices have been proposed. FIG. 2 is an equivalent circuit of a cell array in a conventional access diode-type phase change memory device.
Referring to FIG. 2, the cell array includes a structure where an access diode Dx and a phase change device R are connected in series between word lines WL and bit lines BL. In this structure, the access diode Dx and the phase change device R are connected in series between the word lines WL and bit lines BL such that the size of a memory cell can be reduced as compared to the size of the memory cell shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3A is a plan view of a conventional phase change memory device. FIG. 3B is a sectional view of the conventional phase change memory device, taken along line I-I′ of FIG. 3A.
Referring to FIGS. 3A and 3B, a word line 10 extends toward one direction and is disposed on a semiconductor substrate. A first conductor pattern 12 and a second conductor pattern 14 are sequentially stacked on the word line 10. The word line 10 is typically formed as an impurity diffusion layer having a first conductivity type, and the first conductor pattern 12 and the second conductor pattern 14 are formed as an impurity diffusion layer having a second conductivity type. For example, the word line 10 is formed of an n-type impurity diffusion layer, and the first and second conductor patterns 12 and 14 are formed of a p-type impurity diffusion layer. The word line 10 and the first conductor pattern 12 constitute PN-junction to form a diode.
A bottom electrode 16 is formed on the second conductor pattern 12 and a heater 18 is formed on the bottom electrode 16. A phase change layer 20 and a bit line 22 are formed on the heater 18. The bit line 22 corresponds to the top electrode and extends along a direction perpendicular to the word line 10.
When forming the word line 10 and the bit line 22 having a minimum line width, the area occupied by a unit cell may be two times the minimum line width. Accordingly, this improves the degree of integration as compared to traditional transistors. However, when the area occupied by the PN junction of the word line 10 and the first conductor pattern 12 is F2. As a result, a sufficient current to induce phase change within the phase change layer 20 cannot be applied. Therefore, the degree of integration of the phase change memory device is reduced as the size of cell increases.

Phase change memory device and method of fabricating the same


A computer-implemented method for paging row-based data stored as an object file. The method includes receiving, from a client, a request for a set of data, wherein the set of data is included in a file, the file is stored as an object file, and the object file is stored in an object based storage system and the file includes row based data for a plurality of rows. The method also includes, generating, by a micro-service, an index of the file, wherein the index file includes a byte to row translation of a portion of the file. The method includes, storing the index in the object based storage system. The method further includes, retrieving, from the index, the set of data. The method includes, returning, to the client, the set of data.

The present disclosure relates to paging data, and, more specifically, paging row-based object data.
User interfaces often have a requirement to show only a portion of a large file at a single time. For row-based data, many systems require the data to be stored or converted into a database format. Databases generally store each row as individually accessible and indexable records. However, it is not always ideal to use a database to store row-based data.

International Business Machines Corporation


A golf glove magnetic attachment adaptor has a magnetic body and a male snap stud. The magnetic body includes a magnet and a magnet casing; the magnet casing having an end wall, a lateral wall, and an end cap. The magnet is positioned within the magnet casing and allows the golf glove magnetic attachment adaptor to be attached to any substantially ferrous metal object. The male snap stud is centrally connected to the magnet casing opposite the magnet and allows the golf glove magnetic attachment adaptor to be attached to a female snap socket of a golf glove. In turn, the golf glove can be attached to any desired metal object. The golf glove magnetic attachment adaptor also functions as a ball marker when detached from the golf glove by depressing the male snap stud into the ground in order to anchor the magnetic body in place.

Golfing is a recreational sport that is well known in the modern world as a weekend pastime for the working man. The game of golf involves hitting a small ball with a club, with the objective of causing that ball to enter a small cup which is located on the green at the end of a fairway. Together each fairway and green is referred to as a hole, each hole constituting a region of varying terrain having certain unique characteristics, such as changes in elevation, sand traps, water hazards. etc. Because of this, each hole presents a unique challenge to the golfer, whose goal is to hit the golf ball into the cup in as few hits as possible. Hitting the ball into the cup at all, let alone minimizing the number of hits it takes is an act that requires great skill on the part of the golfer. Playing the game of golf also requires a lot of equipment including a number of golf clubs, golf balls, and a bag to carry the clubs and balls. Some additional equipment that is often used by golfers includes golf gloves and ball markers. A golf glove is a glove that is worn by the player and comprises materials that help to drastically improve the player's grip on the golf club. The grip achieved on the golf club when wearing the golf glove is far superior to the grip achieved by a player's bare hands, especially as that player's hands may be sweaty, and thus are more prone to slipping along the grip of the golf club. Almost all golf gloves also possess a female snap socket that allows the player to attach a ball marker of their choice to the glove. Ball markers are used to allow the player to mark the position of their ball on the green, such that the ball may be retrieved for cleaning or to un-obstruct the path between a subsequent player's ball and the cup.
Wearing a golf glove is recommended when playing the game of golf due to the advantages it offers as mentioned above. Unfortunately, despite the advantages, wearing a golf glove while playing golf does come with some inconveniences. For starters, the glove itself must be stored, either in the player's pocket or in a zipper pocket of their golf bag. Continuously returning the glove to storage and retrieving the glove for use can become tiresome and annoying for some golfers, especially when they must focus on a particularly difficult shot. Additionally, the locations in which golf gloves are most commonly stored are not conducive to the glove airing out and becoming dry again. This is important to note, as the golf glove may easily lose its effectiveness if the golf glove becomes too sweaty as may happen on hotter days.
Therefore it is an object of the present invention to solve the above mentioned issue by taking advantage of the female snap socket present on most golf gloves. The present invention is a golf glove magnetic attachment adaptor having a magnetic body and a male snap stud. The male snap stud allows the present invention to be attached to the female snap socket of a golf glove. The magnetic body then allows the present invention and the attached golf glove to be quickly and easily attached to and removed from any ferrous metal object, such as the frame of a golf cart or the shaft of a golf club. By being attached to these objects, the golf glove is more readily dried, thus improving the effectiveness of the golf glove, and is much easier to retrieve to be used by the player. This can greatly improve the effectiveness of the golf glove as the improved grip offered by the glove is maintained.
The present invention can also aid in minimizing any annoyance with the golf glove that could distract the player. It is a further object of the present invention to also function as a ball marker which can be removed from the glove and placed on the ground. The multirole nature of the present invention helps to minimize the amount of equipment that needs to be carried by the player.


A secret information collation method is used between electronic apparatuses that included a portable electronic device and an information processing device. The portable electronic device can include an arithmetic processing section and a memory section for storing therein a processing program to be executed by the arithmetic processing section and first secret information. The portable electronic device collating second secret information inputted from the outside with the first secret information and performing predetermined operation in response to an operation request from the outside satisfying predetermined secret information relationship. A portable electronic device includes an arithmetic processing section and a memory section for storing therein a processing program to be executed by the arithmetic processing section and first secret information such as a secret identification number. The memory section stores a secret information input processing program for calling upon an external information processing device to transfer second secret information corresponding to the first secret information, and a secret information collation program.

The present invention relates to a portable electronic device and its secret information collation method, and in particular to a secret information collation scheme for IC card data processing system in which it is hard to perform illegal access from the readout terminal side and security of IC cards can be improved.
In a conventional information processing system using IC cards or the like as described in JP-A-52-7646, for example, secret information such as a secret identification number is collated at the IC card side in response to a directive given from the terminal side. Upon coincidence, access to a memory contained in the IC card is permitted and transactions processing can be continued. When the results in the above described collation is noncoincidence, the number of times of noncoincidence is administered. If the number of times of error reaches a predetermined number or more, the illegal IC card is excluded. By doing so, illegal use of an IC card caused by forgery or fraud is prevented.

Portable electronic device and its secret information collation method


A modified pigment for radiation curable gravure ink, comprising a pigment and inorganic oxide nanoparticles coated on the surface of the pigment, wherein the DBP oil absorption is 150 ml/100 g-250 ml/100 g, the particle size is 0.01 μm-1 μm, and the pH value is 4.5-10.

Gravure ink, also known as gravure liquid ink, is a colored colloidal dispersion system that can be applied to a substrate in an appropriate printing manner to impart a text pattern and a variety of colors.
Most gravure inks are volatile solvent-based inks, which consist of pigments, solid resins, volatile solvents, fillers and additives. With the enhancement of people's awareness of environmental protection and energy saving, water-based inks, light curing inks, electron beam inks and other relative "green" inks have gradually developed and gradually replaced solvent inks to be applied. For Embodiment, Chinese Patent Application Nos. 200580017917.1, 2015102670267, 201510994588.1, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. US 200910136759 A, all disclose energy curing gravure inks that do not contain volatile solvents. However, the attention points in the prior art mostly focus on whether the ink on the engraving plate cylinder is easy to wipe, the appearance of a printed product, the adhesion fastness, the abrasion resistance, the weather resistance and the like, and are little related to how to improve the storage stability of the ink and improve the production efficiency, and also lack effective solutions.
Pigments are an important component of gravure inks and disperse in the ink film former as very small particles, primarily for coloring and covering purposes. The storage stability, viscosity, curing speed and printing performance of the ink are greatly affected by the amount of pigment added in the ink.

Radiation curable composition containing modified pigment and use thereof

CHANGZHOU GREEN PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS CO., LTD.


In a door fastener for motor vehicle doors, whose rigid door holding bar, which is fixed at a door arrangement part, penetrates a holder housing in the other door arrangement part and is supported on the one hand against a rigidly supported abutment roller and is acted upon by means of a loading roller which is supported on the free loading arm of a torsion bar spring supported in the holder housing, the two rollers are equipped on both sides with a lubricant reservoir, which is accommodated in caps which are clipped on on the front sides of the rollers and is sealed relative to the respective bearing axis of the roller by means of sealing lips constructed at the caps.

The invention is directed to a door fastener for motor vehicle doors comprising a door holding bar, which is supported at a door arrangement part, door or door post, and a holder which is fastened at another door arrangement part and is formed from a sheet metal blank which is shaped into a U-shaped housing. A torsion bar spring is supported in the holder via a shaft part and an abutment arm. In addition, an abutment roller is supported in the holder so as to be rotatable around a stationary axis. Furthermore, a loading roller is supported on a free loading arm of the torsion bar spring, and, finally, the two rollers cooperate with the oppositely located narrow sides of the door holding bar formed by means of a flat material blank.
In known door fasteners of this type, the abutment roller and the loading roller are supported on the fixed axis in the holder housing, on the one hand, and on the loading arm of the torsion bar spring, on the other hand, accompanied by the use of a thin layer of permanent lubricant in each instance. Such a support and lubrication results in the problem that the rollers tend to jam prematurely at the respective axis under the influence of environmental conditions, particularly by means of dust and condensation water precipitation, but also because of the consequences of long-term operation. Jamming is chiefly the result of the fact that the rollers often only execute a partial rotation and in so doing are also acted upon at constantly recurring points on their bearing circumference by very high loads resulting from the passage of the holding catches of the door holding bar. However, in door fasteners of the type in question, a roller which is not rotatable relative to its bearing axis or a roller which has become rotatable only with difficulty results in the roller grinding along the narrow side of the door holding bar assigned to it, so that a particularly loud and therefore highly undesirable noise results precisely in door fasteners because of the resonating effect caused by the door body. The use of a maintenance-free bearing via bushings or sleeves comprising maintenance-free bearing material is likewise faced by the problem of a recurring local high loading of the bearing at the same place on the bearing circumference in rollers which frequently execute only partial rotations. In many cases cost is also a factor in these types of bearings.


A rack kit and associated system and method for placing an electronic device into a rack. The rack kit includes depth-adjustable fixed rails to attach to the rack and a tray to receive the electronic device, wherein the tray is slidably fitted with the rails and has a latch to engage the rails. The rack kit includes an interchangeable adapter bracket that couples to the tray and mates with the electronic device.

A computer (e.g., server, workstation, etc.) may be installed in a rack framework. The rack generally has multiple mounting slots or bays to hold a hardware unit having the computer secured in place (e.g., with screws) in the rack. The rack computer or server typically has a low-profile enclosure, in contrast to a tower server, for example, which is typically built into an upright, standalone cabinet. A single rack can contain multiple computers stacked one above the other, consolidating network resources and reducing the required floor space. The rack computer configuration also generally facilitates cabling among network components, for example.

Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.


A passive method for conserving fuel vapor by connecting the ullage space of the liquid fuel storage tanks to a bladder in a vapor conservation tank; connecting the ullage space of a liquid fuel delivery vehicle to air space of the vapor conservation tank, external of the bladder; delivering liquid fuel from the delivery vehicle into the liquid fuel storage tanks, the liquid fuel displacing fuel vapor from the storage tanks; delivering displaced fuel vapor into the bladder, the delivered fuel vapor inflating the bladder and displacing air from the air space of the vapor conservation tank, external of the bladder; and, thereafter, over time, delivering fuel vapor from the bladder into ullage space of the fuel storage tanks, replacing the volume of liquid fuel delivered from the fuel storage tanks into vehicle fuel tanks. A passive system for conserving fuel vapor is also described.

Vehicle fueling service stations in some regions of the United States, i.e. those regions where only Phase I (i.e. non-Phase II) vapor recovery is mandated, and in many other countries, operate with limited or no restrictions on release of fuel vapors into the environment, e.g. including fuel vapors generated by evaporation of liquid fuel into the ullage space of vehicle and underground storage tanks ("UST"), and then displaced from the tank by entering liquid fuel during filling. This loss of fuel in its vapor state is recognized as a detriment to the environment. Over a period of fueling operations, it can also represent a substantial loss of product and potential profit to the service station owner and operator.


Systems and methods are provided for a torch power system having a high power density. In one embodiment, a system is provided that includes a torch power unit having a compressor and power electronics that include one or more power converters, wherein the torch power unit has a power output density of at least 2 watts per cubic inch, 80 watts per pound, or a combination thereof. A power conversion assembly for a torch power unit is provided that includes a single circuit board, a torch power converter mounted on the single circuit board, and a non-torch power converter mounted on the single circuit board. An electrical torch system is also provided that includes a circuit board and a power converter coupled to the circuit board, wherein the power converter includes a planar transformer, a foil wound transformer, or a combination thereof.

The invention relates generally to metal cutting and welding systems, and more particularly to portable power units for such systems.
Some torch systems, such as a plasma cutting system, use plasma (e.g., high temperature ionized gas) to cut metal or other electrically conductive material. In general, an electrical arc converts a gas (e.g., compressed air) into plasma, which is sufficiently hot to melt the work piece while the pressure of the gas blows away the molten metal. The power output and flow of the gas can affect the performance of the system.
Such plasma cutting systems may be portable and only require a power source for operation. As portable plasma cutting systems become smaller and less costly to manufacture, such plasma cutting systems may be targeted at the consumer market. However, such systems must provide a relativity high level of power output yet still maintain the portability necessary for the consumer market. Typically, the power converters and other devices used in the systems may include a number of components externally mounted to each other. Additionally, the use and configuration of these components may result in relatively low switching frequencies and low power densities. Further, these converters and other devices may add weight, size, and cost to the plasma cutting system.


Devices, systems, and methods are disclosed for detecting falls and transmitting notifications. One embodiment includes a wearable device. The wearable device may include a first sensor configured to collect acceleration data, and at least one of a second sensor configured to collect pressure data or a third sensor configured to collect temperature data. The wearable device may also include an antenna and a processor. The wearable device may also include a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to receive the acceleration data and at least one of the pressure data or the temperature data, process the acceleration data and at least one of the pressure data or the temperature data, and control, when the processor determines that a person falls, the antenna to transmit a signal.

Falling accidentally is a serious safety concern, especially if the person is old or alone. For example, a person may stumble or trip and fall from an upright position to a ground while walking. A person may also lose his/her balance and fall from a chair to a low ground. In some situations, the person may be elderly, alone, or for some reason, not receiving help from other people. It is, therefore, desirable to have fall detectors that detect such fall accidents and make sure that the person receives help.
Some conventional technologies for solving the above-mentioned problem include video monitoring and acoustic vibration monitoring. However, video monitoring requires installation of expensive apparatus and has a high false detection rate, and acoustic vibration monitoring is usually implemented indoor, therefor is limited in area coverage.

Devices, systems, and methods for detecting falls


Methods and apparatus are disclosed to provide a sandboxed code execution in a virtualized environment. An example apparatus includes a closure service to receive a request for execution of code. The example closure service is to generate a closure to trigger execution of the code within the apparatus. The example apparatus includes a container host to form a host environment for a container image. The example container image is to spawn, in response to the closure, a container to execute the code. The example container is to execute the code and keep code execution and result inside the container. Code execution and result inside the container do not affect operation of the apparatus.

In computing environments, a container is a virtual structure used to run an isolated instance of an application in a host environment. A container virtualizes at the operating system level by abstracting (e.g., isolating) an application from the operating system. For example, an application executing in a container is isolated from an application executing on the host operating system or in other containers.
In computer security, a sandbox is a security mechanism that separates or isolates executing programs. A sandbox can be used to execute untested or untrusted programs or code, possibly from unverified or untrusted third parties, suppliers, users and/or websites while insulating the host machine or operating system from harm. For example, a sandbox can provide a tightly controlled set of computing resources in which a program can run. Network access, further access to the host machine, and access to input devices can be prohibited or heavily restricted.
The figures are not to scale. Instead, to clarify multiple layers and regions, the thickness of the layers may be enlarged in the drawings. Wherever possible, the same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawing(s) and accompanying written description to refer to the same or like parts. As used in this patent, stating that any part (e.g., a layer, film, area, or plate) is in any way positioned on (e.g., positioned on, located on, disposed on, or formed on, etc.) another part, indicates that the referenced part is either in contact with the other part, or that the referenced part is above the other part with one or more intermediate part(s) located therebetween. Stating that any part is in contact with another part means that there is no intermediate part between the two parts.

Methods and apparatus for sandboxed code execution using containers