An apparatus for controlling the engine idling speed to a target value. The apparatus is arranged to calculate a basic engine output torque required to maintain the engine idling speed at a target value, and a required engine output torque change required to change the engine speed to a changed target engine idling speed value. A required engine output torque is calculated based upon the sum of the calculated basic engine output torque and a torque value corresponding to a deviation of a sensed engine output torque change from the required engine output torque change. The required engine output torque is used to control the amount of air permitted to enter the engine when the engine is idling.

This invention relates to an engine idling speed control apparatus for controlling the amount of air permitted to enter the engine so as to maintain the engine speed at a target value when the engine is idling.
For example, Japanese Utility Model Kokai No. 1-179148 discloses an engine idling speed control apparatus which includes an auxiliary air control valve provided in an auxiliary air passage bypassing a throttle valve situated within an engine induction passage. The engine idling speed control apparatus is arranged to change the duty factor of an electrical pulse signal applied to operate the auxiliary air control valve when the engine is idling. The duty factor change is made in a manner to provide a feedback control correcting the air flow through the auxiliary air passage to maintain the engine idling speed at a target value. The duty factor ISC.sub.ON is calculated as ISC.sub.ON =ISC.sub.TW +ISC.sub.CL where ISCT.sub.TW is a basic control factor calculated as a function of engine coolant temperature TW and ISC.sub.CL is a feedback correction factor containing integral plus proportional terms generated in response to the sensed deviation of the actual engine speed N.sub.e from the target value N.sub.SET. For example, when an external load is produced to decrease the actual engine speed N.sub.e, it is required to increase the duty factor ISC.sub.ON so as to zero the deviation of the actual engine speed N.sub.e from the target engine idling speed value N.sub.SET. Since the conventional engine idling speed control apparatus is arranged to increase the duty factor gradually while monitoring the engine speed change, however, it requires much time to zero the deviation and has a slow response.


There is disclosed a system and method for processing wine and/or a containing barrel, while keeping a volume of most of the wine in the barrel. The disclosed system and method can provide reduced mixing of different layers of wine in the barrel. An optional scrubbing mechanism cleans an interior surface of the barrel from encrusted matter, and an optional UV sterilization light source sanitizes an interior surface of the barrel that is alongside a cavity in the barrel empty of wine. In some embodiments a pumping and filtering system preserves non-mixing flow of wine in the barrel while effectively filtering wine optionally without the use of a filter cartridge or other interposing medium.

The present invention, in some embodiments thereof, relates to treatment of liquids and containers and, more particularly, but not exclusively, to cleaning wine (racking) and cleaning a containing barrel.
Several times during the aging of wine in a barrel, clean wine is removed from the barrel and the remaining, sedimented wine, may also be removed and filtered or disposed of. Once empty, the barrel may be cleaned and then the clear wine may be returned to the clean barrel. This process may reduce the wine quality and/or may require significant manpower, extra barrels and/or other resources.

System and method for cleaning wine and/or a barrel containing wine

Ariel-University Research and Development Company Ltd.


The bicycle saddle of the present invention is designed to adequately support the ischial tuberosities, ischiopubic rami, and nearby regions of bicycle riders without the center of the standard saddle or the front horn. The bicycle saddle allows the rider to personalize the position of two independently adjustable riding portions, each riding portion comprising a plurality of surfaces or contours. Each riding portion is pivotally connected at the front end to either outer or inner pivot positions or slots on a saddle frame having innermost and outermost mounting positions. The outer or inner pivot positions or the outermost or innermost slot positions on the saddle frame generally represent positions for male and female riders, respectively. Each riding portion is angularly adjustable in the horizontal plane at the back end to conform to variations in male and female ischiopubic rami. Thus, the rider's pelvic bones ride atop the riding portions while the soft tissue of the groin area is untouched between each riding portion thereby avoiding pressure on soft tissue, arteries, veins, and nerves. The contours and plurality of surfaces of each riding portion is designed to allow easy pedaling while providing a comfortable support surface for the ischiopubic rami, Ischial Tuberosities, and associated muscle mass. The saddle frame provides common saddle mounting capabilities.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a bicycle saddle and, more particularly, to an adjustable bicycle saddle that uniquely supports the ischial tuberosities, ischiopubic rami, and nearby regions of bicycle riders.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Most of the variations in bicycle saddle design center around a fixed, single platform concept. Conventional single platform bicycle saddles include a forward protruding horn. Conventional single platform saddles exert pressure on soft tissue, arteries, veins, and associated nerves often resulting in numbness, pain, and/or erectile dysfunction in bicycle riders. The conventional single platform saddle design is prevalent on bikes all over the world.
While there continues to be much improvement in the structure and efficiency of other components of the bicycle, saddle design is only recently experiencing some long needed exploration. Improved single platform saddles, like those manufactured by Specialized.RTM., Terry.RTM., and others, claim to eliminate pressure on sensitive soft tissues of the groin area. However, they still have riding portions of their saddles that put pressure on sensitive groin areas and do not provide specific support for the ischial tuberosities, ischiopubic rami, and nearby regions of bicycle riders. Additionally, conventional and improved single platform saddles do not adjust to known variations in the ischiopubic rami of men and women.
Accordingly, a need remains for a bicycle saddle that adequately supports the ischial tuberosities, ischiopubic rami, and nearby regions of bicycle riders resulting in a comfortable ride that avoids soft tissue abrasion, numbness, pain, and/or erectile dysfunction while allowing ease of pedaling. A need also remains for a bicycle saddle that adjusts to variations in the ischiopubic rami of men and women.


Provided is an intermediate member which is arranged between a motor housing (4) and a transmission case (2) and which has multiple motor housing supporting point positions (A) and transmission case supporting point positions (B). The intermediate member is coupled to the motor housing (4) at the motor housing supporting point positions (A). The transmission case supporting point positions (B) are each arranged in an angular region formed between a motor housing supporting line (C) and a motor housing supporting center line (D) which is the center between the motor housing supporting line (C) and another motor housing supporting line (C) adjacent thereto.

Japanese Patent Application Publication No. Hei 5-304742 discloses a supporting structure in which spring rods are arranged in portions corresponding to nodes in a ring vibration mode of a rotary electrical apparatus, and in which an iron core of a stator is connected to an outer circumferential plate with these spring rods.

Motor, motor support member and motor support method


A device for producing ammonia from urea pellets includes a pellet dispensing device, a pellet accelerator, a pellet shooting channel, and an ammonia reactor having a chamber or zone for shooting in urea pellets and a pellet deflector arranged on an end of the shooting path. The device further includes a urea pellet evaporation device and a hydrolytic catalytic converter. The urea pellets are removed from the reservoir in a regulated number/quantity by a dispensing device and transported to the accelerating device, where the pellets are moved from the pellet shooting channel into the ammonia reactor, where they are broken down into small pieces by impacting a pellet deflector at the end of the shooting path. The pieces are converted into a gas mixture containing ammonia and isocyanic acid by means of a urea evaporation device. The isocyanic acid is subsequently converted into ammonia and carbon dioxide.

The present invention relates to a device and method for producing ammonia from solid urea pellets which are stored in a reservoir.
The invention originates from EP 1 338 562 A1. In this document, a method and device for ammonia production is described. Solid urea, which is stored in the form of prills or pellets or particles in a reservoir, with the assistance of a pressure flow is supplied to a reactor for ammonia production. In this, the supplied solid urea is converted by flash thermolysis into a gas mixture of ammonia and isocyanic acid. This gas mixture is immediately thereafter post-treated in the presence of water vapor catalytically, during which hydrolysis the isocyanic acid likewise is converted into ammonia and carbon dioxide. The compressed air-supported dispensing of the solid urea particles requires a permanently available compressed air source, which is replenished by means of a compressor. This can be expensive.

Device and method for producing ammonia from solid urea pellets


A multiple tool for a punch device, in particular a turret punch press, comprising a punching tool magazine with a guide body and a plurality of punching tools guided in the guide body and a driving mechanism mounted rotatably in relation to the punching tool magazine, the driving mechanism comprising a tool head, which is displaceable relative to the guide body in the direction of a tool longitudinal axis, and a driving shaft, which is attached to the tool head for driving an active punching tool, the tool head having a ram engagement portion with a positive fit profile, which is non-rotationally symmetric to the tool longitudinal axis, to transmit a rotational movement from a ram of the punch device to the tool head.

A multiple tool for a punch device is known from EP 2 596 878 A2. The multiple tool comprises a punching tool magazine with a guide body configured to guide a plurality of punching tools and a driving body connected to a driving head, the driving body being configured to drive an active punching tool. The multiple tool is connected to a selection drive of the punch device to select the active punching tool. The multiple tool further comprises a mechanical punch length inspection device.
A multiple tool configured to receive a plurality of thread cutters is known from WO 2016/023794 A1. The plurality of thread cutters are arranged in a thread cutter magazine. Selecting an active thread cutter is carried out by rotatably driving a tool head by means of an actuating ram. For this purpose, the tool head has a non-rotationally symmetric receiving groove.
Multiple tools of this type are further known from U.S. Pat. No. 8,881,571 B2, from DE 60 2005 002 676 T2, and from DE 44 11 121 C1.


The present invention provides a pulping method. Caustic soda is replaced with cheap lime to manufacture pulp in high efficiency, and meanwhile complexation, flocculation and acid-base neutralization of aluminum sulfate are further utilized, so as to recycle effective ingredients in a black liquid, achieve a yield approximate to a mechanical pulp yield, obtain quality of the chemical pulp, implement cyclic utilization of the black liquid and solve the pollution thereof.

Currently, cellulose has been widely used in many fields, and finds papermaking the most important use. Paper is a necessity in national production and life. In 2012, the output of paper and paperboard in China exceeded 100 million tons, accounting for 23.5% of the world's total output and ranking the first in the world. The pulping and papermaking industry is one of the important industries contributing to the national economy of China, and with the advancement of human society, the pulping and papermaking, and new material industries would have great development potential.
At present, pulping and papermaking industry faces a challenge that a large number of small pulp and paper mills are forced to shut down due to large energy consumption and the substandard sewage discharge. Over the years, owing to the multiple restriction factors including environmental protection, raw materials supply and high cost, pulp mills in China are shrinking and have low profit. The annual capacity has been less than 30 million tons, and the main pulp they produced is wood pulp. Moreover, the imported primary pulp and recycled pulp have exceeded 60 million tons. Furthermore, pulping and papermaking industry has become the industry which discharges the most organic water in China, accounting for 30% of total industrial waste water.
Pulping is a production process which separates plant fibrous raw materials into pulp by chemical, mechanical or biological method, or the combinations thereof. According to different cooking and refining processes, chemical pulp, semi-chemical pulp, chemi-mechanical pulp, mechanical pulp and biological pulp with different yield, performance and quality can be produced.
Nowadays, the fiber extraction method widely used in papermaking industry typically refers to soda pulping or kraft pulping. Alkali is present as the most common chemical raw material in chemical and semi-chemical pulping process. As the major component of cooking liquor of wood (or non wood), alkali plays a key role in the removal of lignin and the separation of the key material of papermaking, i.e. fiber from the cells of plant raw materials. In conventional cooking process, in order to ensure the quality and yield of perfect stuff obtained from the raw materials, the amount of caustic soda and sodium sulfide is generally about 25% of that of raw material. Particularly, the currently common kraft pulping process not only consumes a large amount of alkali, but also uses a considerable amount of additives such as sulfide and anthraquinone and the like, resulting in many shortcomings such as low yield, poor quality of fiber pulp, serious "three wastes" problems, difficult after-treatment, large investment, high cost, and high energy consumption. 2 to 3 tons (on 100% purity basis) of plant raw materials and 0.67 to 0.9 tons (on 100% purity basis) of alkali are needed to obtain 1 ton of fiber pulp. The use of large amounts of alkali would cause damage of fiber and lignin, and high consumption of raw materials, which not only increase the cost of pulping, but also cause resource waste and difficulty in the treatment and reutilization of the black liquor. A considerable amount of useful substances such as lignin, soluble cellulose and hemicelluloses contained in the black liquor is not fully utilized but is burned or illegally discharged. Nowadays, incineration is considered to be a viable solution to the pollution of black liquor in papermaking. The existing large pulp mills recycle and reutilize alkalis by concentrating, incinerating and causticizing method, which partially solve the problem of the pollution of black liquor, but consume a lot of biomass resources, and cause problems such as high equipment investment, high cost, large energy consumption, the generation of a large amount of waste gas containing carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, dioxin and other waste gas, washing waste water containing a lot of lignin, dissolved cellulose, hemicellulose, protein and the like, and the waste residue entraining a lot of lime mud dominated by calcium carbonate such as residual soda, sodium sulfide, aluminosilicate, leading to serious secondary pollution. The black liquor which contains a large amount of silicate, such as straw black liquor, has an unsatisfactory effect of operation due to easy of being concentrated and scaled. Moreover, the whole system of concentration and incineration of black liquor has the following disadvantageous including high investment (accounting for more than half of the total investment), high cost and great energy consumption. At present, the lignin generated by alkaline pulping process throughout China is about 20 million tons per year, with almost all being incinerated or discharged, and only a portion being utilized in terms of heat energy.
Mechanical pulp, mainly produced by mechanical grinding process, contains higher lignin and other components of cells. Such process has advantages of simple production process, low cost, high yield, little pollution, excellent printability, good smoothness, good opacity of the finished paper, etc., but has disadvantages of serious fiber fracture in grinding, small aspect ratio, complex pulp composition, poor effect of fibrillation and poor properties of finished paper. The mechanical pulp is mainly obtained by mechanical grinding process, which is merely suitable for using wood as raw material. Thus, such process has the problems including high energy consumption (consumed more than 1000 kilowatt-hours of electricity per ton of pulp), single raw material, less wood raw material, high price, "put fine timber to petty use", etc., and the problems of high equipment investment, high frequency of downtime maintenance and large repair cost.
Chemi-mechanical pulp is obtained by separating fibrous raw materials via chemical, thermal, or mechanical process or combinations thereof. Due to the delignification of the chemical substances such as alkalis, the defibration point mainly occurs in the intercellular layer, and the chemi-mechanical pulp has a large content of long fiber and a small content of fine fiber, a large content of lignin and a high optical scattering coefficient. The chemi-mechanical pulp, as a supplement of pulp, has certain potential of development and application in pulping industry in terms of the effective utilization of the waste material in the processing of wood.
Biopulping is one trend of clean pulping process. However, since the requirements for the cultivation and selection of biological strains and the conditions for the pulping process are high, there are many problems such as large fluctuation in production, hard permeation, non-uniform treatment of the materials, long processing time, poor quality of the and low production efficiency. Through more than ten years' study, only certain pulp manufacturers in China are producing low quality pulp from straw and for the cost of processing per ton, only hundreds of Chinese yuan is saved. Thus the method still needs further development.
After years of exploration and research on full development of plants, the inventors have developed a sectionalized green technology which can efficiently extract fibers from fibrous raw materials with high yield, and a whole set of technology which can directly utilize or extract lignin and prepare organic potash fertilizer from black liquor. The technologies have broken through the key technical bottleneck of both green technology and ecological industry, and realized the full development of plants. Meanwhile, the prior art process also develops a pulping process utilizing lime directly.
The present invention relates to a chemical pulping process, which is developed exactly based on the above. This process inherits the technical characteristics of the ancient papermaking technique, one of the four great inventions of ancient China, and combines our earlier research findings of alkali pulping. Such process not only greatly enhances the efficiency of pulping, but also achieves a pulp yield approximate to that of mechanical pulp, while minimizing fiber fracture to the largest extent and maintaining fiber strength as well.


A two motor assembly for driving two fan blades to move air through a heat exchanger comprising a first two speed DC motor comprising magnets for establishing a fixed magnetic field, an armature rotor rotatable to drive a first fan blade, a multiplicity of armature coil turns on the armature rotor, a commutator assembly on the armature rotor, and sets of brushes including a tap brush cooperating with the commutator assembly to alternatively operate the two speed DC motor (1) is a first speed mode wherein (A) a system voltage is applied and distributed across all of the multiplicity of armature coil turns to produce a net total back EMF and armature reaction interacting with the magnetic field to cause the armature rotor to rotate in the first speed mode and (B) a tap voltage intermediate the system voltage reduced across a predetermined number of armature coil turns less than all of the multiplicity of armature coil turns is provided through the tap brush and (2) a different second speed mode. Circuitry is provided for alternatively (1) applying the tap voltage across the armature coil of a second DC motor so as to operate the second DC motor in a first speed mode when said first two speed DC motor is operated in the first speed mode thereof and (2) applying the system voltage across the armature coil of the second DC motor so as to operate the second DC motor in a second speed mode when the first two speed DC motor is operated in the second speed mode.

This invention relates to a plural motor fan system. More particularly, the invention relates to speed control of a two motor fan system useful for moving air through a heat exchanger in a motor vehicle engine cooling system, in which each motor drives a respective set of fan blades at more than one selectable speed.
In cooling systems for motor vehicles, it is known to provide a dual fan assembly, each fan being mounted on a respective shaft of a separate direct-current ("DC") motor. The motors are independently connected to their power source. Each such motor includes only a single armature coil winding, and drives a shaft which is mechanically unconnected to that driven by the other motor. Each fan rotates at a rate corresponding to the speed of the motor which is driving the shaft connecting to the fan. Different combinations of motor speed may be selectively chosen to suit the application environment. For instance, both motors may operate at a high speed, or low speed; it is not necessary that the high speed of the two motors be equal, or that the low speed of the two motors be equal.
To vary the speed of the motors in such a system, it has been known to vary the voltage that is applied to each motor with external conventional means, which can provide a selectable voltage drop from a power source. The external means can be constructed with conventional electronic parts or resistors. But the bulk of such external means creates packaging difficulties for it must be packaged separately. Also, the component cost of the external means adds to system cost; additionally, power conversion is made less efficient by such conventional external means; the connection between the motor and the external power source is also made more complex. Where the external means uses a resistor, problems relating to intrinsic characteristics of resistors cause certain disadvantages. Resistors, by nature, operate at extremely high temperature; resistors have shown a low reliability in a motor vehicle environment; and resistors are inefficient as power is wastefully dissipated. Also, in such a system, because the two motors are electrically independent of each other, a separate means for radio frequency interference suppression is required for each motor.
Alternatively, to vary the speed of the motors in such a system, it has also been known to include a selectably connected resistor internal to each motor. That arrangement presents packaging difficulties associated with the internal resistor and with the additional heat that is dissipated internally. The disadvantages intrinsic to the use of resistors as noted above are also a problem. And separate means for radio frequency suppression are still required.
Another type of plural motor fan system in the prior art for moving air through a heat exchanger in a motor vehicle cooling system connects two motors, each still including only a single armature coil winding, electrically in series with each other, to obtain a respective motor speed slower than that of the same motor when the external applied voltage is applied in full across each motor's armature coil winding. That system, however, provides an inflexible low to high speed ratio for each motor. If two such equal windings in similar motors are placed in series driving equal loads, then one-half of the total applied voltage is dropped across each motor. Attempts to adjust the voltage drop of one motor to affect the performance of the other motor will have a detrimental effect on the system when both motors run in parallel. Given a constant designed total motor power in the parallel mode, maximized low speed power is obtained with equal power motors. Even so, with one-half voltage on a fan system, the fan power is reduced to a generally unsuitably low power level for automotive applications. Attempts to use unequal power motors would cause the respective power differences between the two motors to be reversed when changing between series and parallel operation. Furthermore, that would cause a reduction of the low speed total power with respect to total high speed power. A desirable low speed voltage for each motor would be one that is equal to that of each other and also intermediate of the full and half value of the voltage supplied by the motor vehicle.
Furthermore, a minimum of three switches (e.g., SPST relays) are required to implement that prior art system; and separate switches are required which lead into each motor, thus complicating the prior art system's electrical connection. It is also not possible in that system to have one motor running at its high speed while the other is running at its low speed.
In the motor art generally, it has been known to construct a dual wind two speed motor by winding two armature coil windings on a common rotor, and to selectively switch between a connection including both armature coil windings in series to obtain a low motor speed, and a connection including just one armature coil winding to obtain a higher motor speed. One such motor disclosed in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 4,910,790, Mar. 20, 1990. Similarly, the following references each discloses a motor of that type: (1) Published British Patent Application No. 2,041,677; and (2) French Patent No. 2,122,132.
Though no prior art plural motor fan system for motor vehicles is heretofore known which includes two separate dual wind two speed motors which independently drive a respective set of fan blades, such a system would nevertheless have numerous disadvantages. With two such dual wind motors driving respective loads, the number of motor parts is duplicative and the cost is high, as each motor is a complete multi-speed motor in itself. There is still a need to provide a two motor assembly for driving two fan blades to move air through a heat exchanger for an automotive engine which does not suffer from one or more of the disadvantages noted above.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a two motor assembly which will fulfill the above-described need. In accordance with the principles of the present invention, this objective is achieved by providing a two motor assembly of the type described which includes a first two speed DC motor of the type having a first fixed magnetic field and an armature rotor rotatable to drive first fan blades. A multiplicity of armature coil turns are provided on the armature rotor along with a commutator assembly which is electrically connected with the multiplicity of armature coil turns. A plurality of brushes including a tap brush cooperate with the commutator assembly to alternatively operate the plural speed DC motor (1) in a first speed mode wherein (A) a system voltage is applied across all of the multiplicity of armature coil turns to produce a net total back electro-motive force and armature reaction interacting with the first magnetic field to cause the armature rotor to rotate in the first speed mode and (B) a tap voltage intermediate the system voltage reduced across a predetermined number of armature coil turns less than all of the multiplicity of armature coil turns is provided through the tap brush and (2) a different second speed mode. A second DC motor is provided which includes a rotor for driving second fan blades and cooperating field and armature coils for rotating the rotor. Circuitry is provided for alternatively (1) applying the tap voltage across the armature coils of the second DC motor so as to operate the second DC motor in a first speed mode when the first two speed DC motor is operated in the first speed mode thereof and (2) applying a system voltage across the armature coils of the second DC motor so as to operate the second DC motor in a second speed mode when the first two speed DC motor is operated in the second speed mode.
Another object of the present invention is the provision of a fan system for use in moving air through a heat exchanger for an automotive engine which includes a shroud adapted to be operatively associated with the heat exchanger so as to receive air after it has passed through the heat exchanger. The shroud has discharge openings therein for allowing air received therein which has passed through the heat exchanger to be discharged therefrom. First and second fan blades are rotatably mounted within the shroud to effect a flow of air into the shroud through the heat exchanger and a flow of air out of the shroud through the discharge openings and a two motor assembly of the type previously described is provided for driving the first and second fan blades.
Preferably, the second motor is a simple one speed DC electric motor and the circuitry is simplified to include only two switches, which are capable of operating the two motors together alternatively in their first speed modes or their second speed modes. However, the arrangement permits other different mode operations where the shroud which associates the fan blades with the heat exchanger provides separate flow paths for each motor and fan blade combination.
The invention also contemplates the utilization of a second similar two speed DC motor as the second motor in which case it becomes possible to provide each motor with three operating speed modes rather than two and many more where separate shroud paths are provided.
Another object of the present invention is the provision of a two motor system of the type described which is simple in construction, effective in operation, and economical to manufacture and maintain.
These and other objects of the present invention will become more apparent during the course of the following detailed description and appended claims.

Plural motor fan system with improved speed control


Herein disclosed is an editing apparatus and an editing method for editing a moving image. An editing apparatus, comprises: a means for playing back a moving image; a switching means for switching playback between a first moving image and a second moving image; and a means for, during playback of the first moving image, in response to switching playback from the first moving image to the second moving image, setting a reference point at a last played back position of the first moving image. The editing apparatus further comprises: a controller for receiving an instruction from a user, wherein the switching means carries out the switching from the first moving image to the second moving image, in response to the controller receiving a selection of the second moving image from the user.

Conventionally, in the broadcasting field, especially in a live sport telecast and the like, to concatenate a plurality of scenes recorded by a plurality of camcorders or to change the duration of each of the scenes, the plurality of scenes are played back and edited using a recording/playback device including a recording medium allowing for a faster random access such as a hard disk device. While such a recording/playback device including a recording medium allowing for a faster random access is improved in convenience in comparison with a video tape recorder carrying out a sequential access, still much is left to be improved in terms of operability.
For improved operability, Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. H09-233430 discloses a device for recognizing an order and duration of a series of scenes to be played back and further editing the series of scenes, by, for example, displaying in chronological order the series of scenes to be played back in a bar chart having segments reflecting the duration of each of the scenes.    Patent Citation 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. H09-233430

Editing apparatus, editing method, and editing program


A non-volatile memory cell is provided. The non-volatile memory includes a substrate, a gate stacked layer, an isolation layer and a conductive layer. The gate stacked layer includes a tunneling layer, a charge trapping layer, a barrier layer and a control gate layer sequentially stacked over the substrate, and the stacked gate layer has an opening therein through these layers. The isolation layer is located on the surface of the opening. The conductive layer is disposed in the opening to cover the isolation layer.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a fabrication method of a memory. More particularly, the present invention relates to a fabrication method of an non-volatile memory.
2. Description of Related Art
Electrically erasable programmable read-only-memory (EEPROM) is a type of non-volatile memory that allows multiple data writing, reading and erasing operations. Because the stored data will be retained even after power to the device is removed, EEPROM has been broadly applied in personal computer and electronic equipment.
Typically, the floating gate and the control gate of an electrically erasable programmable read-only-memory are fabricated with polysilicon. In programming the memory, the injected charges are evenly distributed in the polysilicon floating gate. However, if the tunneling layer underneath the polysilicon floating gate contains some defects, a leakage current may form leading to a drop in the reliability of the device.
To resolve the above-mentioned problem, an insulating, charge-trapping layer often takes the place of the conventional floating gate in the memory. A material used in forming the charge-trapping layer includes silicon nitride, for example. Since the charge-trapping layer normally includes a silicon oxide layer above and below thereof to form an oxide-nitride-oxide (ONO) stacked structure, this type of memory is often referred as a silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon (SONOS) memory. In programming a SONOS memory, electrons injected into the silicon nitride layer are not distributed evenly. In other words, most injected electrons are localized in one particular region within the silicon nitride layer. Therefore, not only the leakage current problem is resolved, two bits of data can be stored in a single memory cell to form the so-called 2 bits-per-cell non-volatile memory.
FIG. 1 is a schematic, cross-sectional view diagram of a conventional SONOS memory cell. Referring to FIG. 1, the SONOS memory cell is constructed with a substrate 100, a source region 102, a drain region 104, a lower silicon oxide layer 106, a silicon nitride layer 108, an upper oxide layer 110, and a gate layer 112. The lower silicon oxide layer 106, the silicon nitride layer 108 and the upper oxide layer 110 disposed over the substrate 100 constitute the silicon oxide-silicon nitride-silicon oxide (ONO) stacked layer 114. Further, as shown in FIG. 1, the regions 116 and 118 depict the charge-storing regions. For a SONOS memory cell, charges are injected to the silicon nitride layer near the source region 104 and the drain region 102. In other words, the charge storing regions 116, 118 can each stored with one bit of data, and a 2 bit per cell type of non-volatile memory is provided.
The injected charges are Gaussian distributed in the regions 116 and 118 in the silicon nitride layer 108 (as shown by curves 120 and 122 in FIG. 1). As the integration of device increases and the device dimension gradually decreases, the charge storing regions 116, 118 approaches and even overlaps each other. The bits stored in the regions 116 and 118 will influence each other. As a result, the reliability of the memory is reduced.

Fabrication method of an non-volatile memory


A matching network is a matching network of a power amplifier circuit that outputs a signal obtained by a differential amplifier amplifying power of a high-frequency signal. The matching network includes an input-side winding connected between differential outputs of the differential amplifier; an output-side winding that is coupled to the input-side winding via an electromagnetic field and whose one end is connected to a reference potential; a first LC series resonant circuit including a capacitive element and an inductive element connected in series with each other, and being connected in parallel with the input-side winding; and a second LC series resonant circuit including a capacitive element and an inductive element connected in series with each other, and being connected in parallel with the output-side winding.

The present disclosure relates to a matching network and a power amplifier circuit. In recent years, in radio communication systems in mobile communication terminal devices, such as, cellular phones and smartphones, modulation schemes, such as high speed uplink packet access (HSUPA) and long term evolution (LTE), have been adopted. In a fourth generation mobile communication system, multiband carrier waves are increasingly used, and the support for a plurality of frequency bands is demanded. Furthermore, to achieve high-speed data communication and stabilization of communication, a bandwidth is widened by carrier aggregation (CA). For this reason, in a power amplifier circuit at a stage previous to a front-end section as well, support for multiple bands and wider bandwidths is demanded.
U.S. Pat. No. 9,584,076 discloses a power amplifier module including a differential amplifier and a transformer for output matching. Such a configuration makes it possible to achieve output matching over a wide frequency band. Furthermore, for example, a decoupling capacitor between circuits is unnecessary, thereby enabling a reduction in the size or cost of the power amplifier module.
In a typical mobile communication terminal device, an amplifier element constituting a power amplifier circuit has nonlinear gain characteristics and nonlinear phase characteristics to cause distortion in a high-frequency signal, and outputs a signal containing a harmonic. Although, in the case where the power amplifier circuit includes a differential amplifier and a transformer, it is possible to achieve output matching over a wide frequency band as described above, a harmonic caused by the nonlinearity of the amplifier element tends to be output.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Matching network and power amplifier circuit


To facilitate the processing of an incoming telephone call associated with a respective telecommunications network service an initial address message identifying the incoming call is intercepted before the message is presented to an associated toll switch that will process the call. The intercepted message is then examined in order to identify the toll switch service logic that will process the call. The resulting identity is then appended to the message and that result is then passed to the toll switch so that the identified service logic may be invoked to process the call in accord with the requested service.

In the prior art, several approaches have been used in an interexchange network to identify the service logic that needs to be executed to process a particular service request. One prior approach connects telephone user equipment subscribing to a particular service directly to a dedicated interexchange trunk group so that the interexchange network can identify the requested service and thus the service logic that needs to be executed to process an associated service call. However, such an approach is not economical, since most service subscribers do not provide a sufficient level of traffic (or demand) to use optimally the capacity of a dedicated trunk group.
Another prior approach attempts to optimize trunk usage by associating a trunk group, and thus the service logic, with a combination (set) of network services. Although such optimization is somewhat economical, it is not flexible. That is, in order to obtain a desired service a telephone user has to subscribe to a combination of such services, some of which the telephone user might find to be undesirable.
As is well-known, a variety of signaling protocols are used to establish connections between switching exchanges (i.e., local and toll offices). One such protocol is the well-known Signaling System 7 (SS7). The SS7 protocol has been defined by Study Group XI - Specification of Signaling System No. 7, International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee (CCITT) Blue Book, Vol. 6 of Facile VI.9, Geneva, Switzerland, 1989. The SS7 protocol provides, inter alia, a method by which a local exchange office transmits a code known as Automatic Number Identification (ANI) to a toll office, in which the ANI identifies the originator (i.e., line circuit) of a call that the former office is forwarding to the latter office. The ANI code, as well as the called telephone number, are transmitted in a signaling message or packet commonly referred to as an Initial Address Message (IAM), which contains other information necessary for the toll switch to complete the call. Since an IAM contains ANI information identifying the source of a telephone call, it appears that a specific network service associated with a telephone call could be identified at a toll switch by merely examining the ANI information contained in the associated SS7 message.
However, such an approach is not always practical. The reason for this is that a toll switch would have to check the ANI information accompanying each incoming call to determine if the call is associated with a particular service and/or feature. Since a toll switch processes a very large number of incoming calls, the additional task of checking the ANI information associated with each incoming call would increase the load on the call processing resources of the toll switch.

Common channel signaling message intercept system


A handwashing station that includes a basin, a liquid dispensing system, and an air dispensing system. The liquid dispensing system is configured to dispense a liquid into the basin to wash a user's hands. The air dispensing system configured to dispense air into the basin to dry the user's hands. The user can wet, wash, rinse, and dry their hands from within the basin.

The present invention relates generally to the field of handwashing stations for washing and drying hands. More specifically, the present application relates to handwashing stations intended for use within a bathroom or other environments where handwashing is commonly performed, including but not limited to a factory or a kitchen. Typically, bathrooms include a sink with a water faucet, a soap dispenser near the sink, and a hand drying device (e.g., an air blower or paper towel holder). Accordingly, the user uses three separate devices to wet their hands, apply soap to the hands, and dry their hands. Having three separate devices within the bathroom for washing and drying hands requires a relatively large amount of space. Furthermore, as the user moves between the three separate devices to wet, soap, wash, rinse, and dry their hands, water typically drips onto the surrounding countertop and/or floor. Additionally, users often do not wash their hands with soap and/or do not wash their hands for a long enough time for an adequate washing.
It would be advantageous to provide an improved system for facilitating the handwashing process that simplifies the process, consolidates certain functionality, and which is less space-intensive. These and other advantages of the system described herein will become apparent to those reviewing the present disclosure.
Additionally, the present application relates to a liquid dispenser (e.g., for use in plumbing applications such as faucets and sinks) that is intended to create laminar flow of a liquid. Typically, conventional liquid dispensers that create laminar flow are limited in how wide the liquid can flow out from the liquid dispenser. Furthermore, conventional liquid dispensers may rely on an aerator to create laminar flow. Additionally, the conventional liquid dispensers may create a certain amount of splash and the liquid flow may relatively opaque, which may be due to air within the liquid flow (which may be induced, for example, by the structure of the aerator through which the liquid flows).
It would be advantageous to provide an improved liquid dispenser that creates laminar flow that can flow more widely from the liquid dispenser, that reduces the amount of splash from the liquid, and that creates laminar flow that is relatively less opaque. These and other advantages of the liquid dispenser described herein will become apparent to those reviewing the present disclosure.


An air brake security locking system retains semi-trailers in a fixed position to prevent theft and is connected to an air brake line of the semi-trailer. The system includes a battery-powered valve which isolates air lines within the braking system at a low-pressure condition, thereby maintaining continuous braking of the wheels. The system includes a locked control box to secure and protect a user interface used to activate the system by entry of a numeric code using a keypad or by using a bypass key lock. A wireless remote actuation device is also utilized to activate the system from a distance. In a deactivated state, the system allows the braking system of the semi-trailer operates as normal. In an activated state, the system securely applies the spring brake units of the semi-trailer preventing movement and possible theft.

Security alarms are almost common items on homes, businesses, and motor vehicles in today's society. Their use has not only stopped many attempted thefts in progress, but the knowledge that they are there, has stopped many more before they are even started. However, there still remain many targets which are a favorite with thieves. One (1) of these targets is the unoccupied semi-trailer rig. It is common knowledge that most of these units do not have a power source to operate an alarm, much less a phone line that connects to a central office. These facts, coupled with their often remote location, unoccupied status, and valuable items and materials contained within, typically lead to a high percentage of thefts. In a matter of minutes, someone can simply drive up with a truck, hitch up, and drive off.
It can be difficult to add measures to prevent theft of the trailers and the contents stored inside. Even when the cargo is secured and locked, once a thief transports the trailer to another location, they are free to brake through any locks provided on the trailer. Theft of cargo in the trucking industry has risen to between $10 to $15 billion annually, and including indirect costs the annual total losses is estimated at nearly $60 billion. Due to the fact that semi-trailers are towed and rely on a tractor for power and air supply, many of the common personal vehicle security measure are not available.
Traditionally, trailer operators have used mechanical locking devices which physically prevent attachment of the trailer to a tractor or other tow vehicle. However, these devices are easily defeated and require the operator to remember to manually set the lock in order to be effective.
The trailer utilizes a spring-biased parking and emergency brake systems which require a supply of compressed air to disengage the spring brakes. The spring brake system is configured so the spring brake units are engaged by a spring force to lock the brake cylinder in response to a low pressure condition in the air brake air line and release the brakes in response to a high pressure condition when the supply of compressed air is attached. The tractor or other tow vehicle used for hauling the trailer has an air compressor that provides the supply of compressed air to the trailer through a service and emergency brake air line. The operator disconnects the brake air lines when the trailer is released from the tractor and the lines are purged to biases the spring brake to lock the wheels to prevent movement of the trailer. Since semi-trailers rely on the compressed air provided by the tractor to operate the braking systems, various theft deterrent devices have been attempted by utilizing the air brakes to prevent movement.
While many of these attempts may achieve their purported objectives, they suffer from various disadvantages and deficiencies related to design or utilization. Particularly, these devices can be costly and complicated to install and implement and utilize a variety of sensors in order to operate correctly. Additionally, failure of these devices can lead to accidental engagement of the spring brake units while the trailer is moving which can lead to disastrous accidents.


An improved method of determining activation of an exhaust gas concentration sensor for detecting the concentration of an exhaust gas ingredient in exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine. The sensor comprises an exhaust gas ingredient-detecting element, and a heater for heating the element. An output signal from the sensor is used for air-fuel ratio feedback control of an air-fuel mixture supplied to the engine. It is determined that activation of the sensor has been completed when an output voltage from the sensor has become lower than a predetermined activation-determining reference voltage. The predetermined activation-determining reference voltage is changed depending on a time period over which the heater has been energized while the engine is in an operating condition under which the air-fuel ratio feedback control should be carried out.

This invention relates to a method of determining activation of an exhaust gas concentration sensor, and more particularly to a method of determining activation of an exhaust gas concentration sensor having an exhaust gas concentration-detecting element and a heater for heating the element.
In general, an oxYgen concentration sensor (hereinafter referred to as "the 0.sub.2 sensor") is used as an exhaust gas concentration sensor for use in the air-fuel ratio feedback control of an internal combustion engine. The 0.sub.2 sensor cannot accurately detect the concentration of oxygen unless it is used in a sufficiently activated state. Therefore, it is necessary to determine whether or no activation of the 0.sub.2 sensor has been completed, and it is well known to determine that the 0.sub.2 sensor has been activated when the output voltage of the 0.sub.2 sensor becomes lower than a predetermined reference value (e.g. 0.4 V).
However, according to this method, in some cases, e.g. in a case where the engine is restarted after completion of warming-up of the engine, the 0.sub.2 sensor is erroneously determined to be inactive although it has actually been activated. Therefore, there has been proposed, by U.S. Pat. No. 4,759,332, another method of determining activation of the 0.sub.2 sensor in which the predetermined reference value is set to a higher value before a predetermined time period elapses than after the predetermined time period has elapsed.
In the meanwhile, it is conventionally known to provide a heater for the 0.sub.2 sensor in order to reduce the time required for activation of the 0.sub.2 sensor when the weather is cold or on like occasions.
In the case of the 0.sub.2 sensor equipped with the heater, activation thereof is usually completed if the heater has been energized over a predetermined time period while it is operating normallY, irrespective of the warmed-up condition of the engine, the ambient temperature, etc. However, there is a case where the air-fuel ratio is enriched due to fuel attached to inner wall surfaces of the intake pipe, so that the output voltage of the 0.sub.2 sensor continues to assume a high value (e.g. approximately 1.0 V) even when the sensor has actually been activated. In such a case, the 0.sub.2 sensor is determined to be inactive, and hence the start of the air-fuel ratio feedback control is delayed, which adversely affects purification of exhaust gases.

Method of determining activation of an exhaust gas concentration sensor equipped with a heater


An artificial fishing lure such as a surface plug of streamline form has a lure body with a front and rear end and mounts at least one hook for movement longitudinally by its shank in an elongated slot between a forward position relative to the front of the body and a rearward position thereof. A fishing line is attached directly to the at least one hook and a coil spring or rubber band biases the hook in the retracted position. When the fish strikes the lure body, the hook automatically moves forwardly against the biasing means to hook the fish while the fish has the lure body grasped in its mouth. A wire support member mounted within the slot and fixed to the body slidably supports a wire hook carrier for movement longitudinally parallel to the wire support member. The wire support member may comprise a cylinder in line with the longitudinal axis of the lure body with a compression coil spring carried within the cylinder. A piston fixed to the hook carrier engages one end of the coil spring while the cylinder engages the other end of the coil spring. During striking of the fish and grasping of the lure body, the piston moves to compress the coil spring while the hook carrier shifts the at least one hook forwardly in the direction of the front of the lure body resulting in hooking of the fish.

Conventionally, fishing lures such as floating plugs have one or more single multiple barbed hooks mounted to the lure body at fixed locations such that the fish in grasping the plug in its mouth, either hooks himself, or the fisherman in reacting to the strike and upon pulling the line to which the lure is directly and fixedly attached pulls the hook or hooks into the fish's mouth by causing the plug to move despite the fishes grip on the plug.
In an attempt to facilitate the hooking of the fish upon the fish grasping the lure body, commonly simulating a bait fish and so shaped, one or more hooks have been mounted to a member reciprocating longitudinally within the lure body and which is spring biased into a projected or retracted position.
U.S. Pat. No. 2,244,271 to Voigt discloses a trap hook formed of a wire or rod element which includes a bait hook and a snag hook which independently slide with respect to each other. A resilient spring between the hooks prevents tangling. The fish in taking the bait hook, causes the bait hook to shift in the direction of the snag treble hook against the bias of a coil spring to snag the fish and further hold it.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,546,614 and 2,552,113 to Prentice provide a fishing lure which is spring activated to project a treble hook outwardly into the mouth of the fish once the lure is struck. The Prentice lures are designed to prevent fouling of trouble hooks with weeds.
U.S. Pat. No. 2,722,764 to Juhrend discloses a fishing lure in which the hooks project on striking of the fish from a retracted position where it normally resides to prevent fouling with the weeds as the lure is being pulled by the line fixed to the front of the lure.
U.S. Pat. No. 2,505,052 to Kridler discloses a plug type lure with a spring biased plunger projecting the treble hooks from the rear of the lure. The plunger is unlatched upon the fish striking the lure.
U.S. Pat. No. 2,538,883 to Warden discloses a fish lure in which multiple hooks have the shanks thereof maintained by friction in an initial position subject to strike by the fish. The shanks readily release from within a slit of the fish lure body, upon fish striking.
U.S. Pat. No. 1,791,084 to Pike teaches a spring biased plunger bearing two pivotal hooks which are normally retracted into slots within the lure body. A latch retains the plunger in a position where it compresses a biasing spring. The latch is released upon strike of the fish to project the hooks outwardly of the body and into the mouth of the fish grasping the artificial bait.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,006,100 to Zeman discloses a pair treble hooks on a lure body which are rotatable and held in close proximity to the body by catches, spring biased into a projected position. A latch release action takes effect upon the fish striking the body bearing the hooks.
While these lures intend to improve the percentage of hooked fish upon striking of the lure body, they are not always effective particularly where the lure is grasped by a large and/or tough-mouthed fish who grabs the lure so tightly that when the fisherman strikes, the lure, and therefore the hooks, do not move. Alternatively, if the hooks are released, they often do not move in a direction to impale the jaw of the fish.
It is therefore a primary object of the present invention to provide an improved fishing lure in which one or more hooks carried by the lure move forward towards the front of the lure to ensure hooking of the fish even though the lure is held tightly by the fish.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a improved fishing lure in which the hooks are movable within the body of the lure, in a direction towards the front of the lure, and in which, the action is effected by connecting the fish line directly to a hook, or multiple hook assembly and not to the lure body.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide such a fishing lure in which the hooks are spring biased in a rearward direction with respect to the body slidably housing the same, by a metal coil spring or by one or more rubber bands.


A display device has a first display panel including an image display area in which an image is displayable, a light guide plate arranged at a back of the first display panel, the light guide plate comprising a transparent material, a plurality of light sources respectively facing a plurality of positions on side surfaces of the light guide plate, a second display panel arranged at a back of the light guide plate, the second display panel being configured to display an image viewable through the light guide plate and the first display panel, and a controller configured to control turning on and turning off of the plurality of light sources and to control a first image displayed on the first display panel and a second image displayed on the second display panel. The light guide plate includes an emission surface facing the first display panel.

Field
The present invention relates to a display device that displays a plurality of images superimposed on one another, and to a game machine including such a display device.
Related Art
To enhance visual effects, display devices may have a plurality of layered display areas stacked on top of another to switch letters, patterns, or designs appearing in selected display areas (refer to, for example, Patent Literature 1).
For example, a decorative display device described in Patent Literature 1 includes a first display plate and a second display plate, which are light guide plates with designs for diffusing light, a support, which supports the first display plate and the second display plate in a removable manner, a first light source and a second light source, which are mounted on the support to illuminate an end face of the first display plate and an end face of the second display plate, and a controller for controlling the lighting patterns of the first light source and the second light source. The first display plate is arranged in front of the second display plate. The first display plate and the second display plate partially or entirely overlap with each other to form a predetermined image pattern.


A kit for assembling wood legs to form an A-frame to support the end of a cross beam for a children's play gym includes a trapezoidal frame bracket to connect the upper ends of the legs to each other and to the cross beam and a special frame brace for reinforcing that connection which will accommodate a tubular metal cross beam or a cross beam consisting of a single board or a plurality of boards. The frame brace has a generally rectangular top wall and a pair of laterally spaced apart side walls extending down from the top wall at an angle such that the side walls have more or less the same slope as the side edges of the frame bracket. Portions of the frame brace top wall define a first set of holes spaced apart along the longitudinal centerline of the top wall, there being two such holes in the first set and a second set of holes containing at least two holes spaced along the top wall on each side of that centerline. There also may be a third set of holes containing at least two holes spaced along the top wall on each side of the centerline and being displaced from the second set of holes. The kit also includes fasteners arranged to extend through the first set of holes into the cross beam when the cross beam is a unitary member and through the second and third sets of holes into the cross beam when the cross beam is of wood so that the same hardware can be used to construct play gyms having a variety of different type cross beams.

A children's play gym usually comprises a cross beam supported horizontally above the ground by A-frames connected by various types of brackets and braces to the opposite ends of the cross beam. Swings and other rides are suspended from the cross beam. Typically, all of the major components of the play gym, including the cross beam, the legs comprising the A-frames and the hardware for assembling those parts are made of metal. However, there is also a strong demand for play equipment of this type whose cross beams and legs consist of wood planks or timbers. These wood members give the play gym an especially strong and stable overall appearance which is important to and appreciated by some consumers.
In order to minimize shipping costs, manufacturers usually sell such wood gym sets in the form of a kit having all of the parts required for the play gym except the wood components thereof. It is left to the purchaser of the kit to acquire the wood members from a local lumber yard. These wood members usually include two 4.times.4 lengths of lumber to form each A-frame of the gym set and either a long 4.times.4 or two parallel 2.times.6 boards to form the cross beam depending upon the length of the cross beam. If the cross beam is especially long, it may also be supported by a third A-frame positioned midway along the cross beam.
Although wood play gyms look very strong and sturdy, it is a fact that play gyms with wood cross beams are not as strong as those with a tubular metal cross beam. Therefore, there is a demand for a play gym having a tubular metal cross beam for strength and A-frames of wood to give the gym set the rustic, rugged appearance prized by some consumers. The trouble is that the existing hardware for connecting wooden A-frames to a tubular metal cross beam is quite different from that used to secure those A-flames to a wooden cross beam. This is due not only to the different materials involved, but also to the different problems involved in mating flat and curved surfaces. As a result, manufacturers are required to supply different hardware kits for assembling those different types of play gyms. Obviously, the cost involved in handling and inventorying these different parts with similar functions increases the overall cost of such gym sets and kits.


A multiple coaxial cable plug connection (50), particularly for the detachable connection of a plurality of coaxial cables to a circuit board for operating frequencies of several GHz, comprises a first connector (10) and a second connector (20), wherein said connectors (10, 20) can be inserted in each other along a plug axis, wherein the first connector (10) has a plurality of first coaxial contact arrangements (26) disposed next to each other transversely to the plug axis, and the second connector (20) is equipped with second coaxial contact arrangements (27) that match the first coaxial contact arrangements (26), and wherein the first coaxial contact arrangements (26) each are attached to the end of an associated coaxial cable. High precision of the connection, and at the same time a reduced insertion force, are achieved in such a multiple coaxial cable plug connection in that the first coaxial contact arrangements (26) are floatingly supported in a first housing (11), while the second coaxial contact arrangements (27) are permanently installed in a second housing (21).

1. Field of the Invention
In the past, a wide variety of proposals have been made relating to multiple plug connections in which a plurality of coaxial cables are connected to a circuit board for radio-frequency purposes in one plugging operation at the same time. In the case of multiple coaxial cable plug connections of this type, it is not only necessary to align the contact arrangements of the individual connection points with one another, but it is also necessary to ensure that the RF connection is made up to the highest frequencies with the lowest possible attenuation. Furthermore, care should be taken that, when there are a large number of connection points or coaxial cables to be connected, the plugging forces which have to be expended during the plugging operation can be managed.
2. Discussion of Related Art
WO-A1-92/22943 discloses, for example, a coaxial connector system of high density for use in printed circuits, in which, on the cable side, the cables which are provided with a coaxial contact arrangement are inserted into holes in a grouping plate and latched there. A plurality of grouping plates are held in parallel in one housing, with the coaxial contact arrangements projecting forward out of the housing and being inserted into corresponding holes in a mating piece which is arranged on the circuit board. Electrical contact is established in the mating contact via a central pin for the internal conductor and via a contact tongue, which is arranged laterally in the hole, for the external conductor. In the case of this solution, the design is very simple and the plugging force is comparatively low. On the other hand, this solution is unsuitable for higher and extremely high frequencies in the GHz range owing to the unfavorable contact geometry and lack of precision.
EP-A1-0 582 960 discloses an RF coaxial plug connection in which the coaxial mating plug connector for the coaxial plugs are integrated in a metal monoblock which forms the common external conductor for all the mating plug connectors. The coaxial plugs themselves are combined to form one unit by means of a common mounting plate, arranged on a board and attached by means of press-in contacts with a specific spacing. Flexible alignment of the individual plug connections with one another is not possible here.
WO-A2-98/33243 discloses a comparable RF coaxial plug connector in which, instead of the metal block in the mating plug connector, a plastic housing with a metallized inner wall as the external conductor is inserted. Flexible alignment in the case of individual plug connections is not possible in this case either.

Multiple coaxial cable plug connection and method for installing such a multiple coaxial cable plug connection


An organic light-emitting display device may include a plurality of scan lines, a plurality of data lines, and a plurality of pixels located at an intersection region of the scan line and the data line, wherein the organic light-emitting display device includes a thin film transistor including a gate electrode on a different layer than a scan line, an active layer on the gate electrode, and source and drain electrodes that are in contact with source and drain regions of the active layer, and a capacitor including a first capacitor electrode on the same layer as the scan line, a second capacitor electrode on the gate electrode, and a third electrode on the same layer as the source and drain electrodes.

1. Field of the Invention
Embodiments relate to an organic light-emitting display device and a method of manufacturing the same.
2. Description of the Related Art
Flat panel display devices, such as organic light-emitting display devices or liquid crystal display devices, include a plurality of pixels including thin film transistors (TFTs), capacitors, and wiring connecting the TFTs and capacitors.
Each pixel of an organic light-emitting display device having TFTs receives signals through scan lines and data lines for transmitting scan signals and data signals, and emits lights using power lines for supplying power to each pixel.
However, the scan lines, data lines, and power lines are wires formed of metal, thus the signals supplied to pixels placed far from where the signals are supplied may be distorted due to line resistance. Therefore, a luminance of the organic light-emitting display device may be uneven, and accordingly, a reliability of the organic light-emitting display device may be decreased.

Organic light-emitting display device and method of manufacturing the same


Disclosed are systems and methods for forecasting inbound telecommunications, and more particularly, for analyzing real-time and historical call center data, and applying a forecasting model to said data in order to predict inbound call volume. Additionally, tools are disclosed for manipulating call center data and generating visual representations of metrics pertaining to forecasting call center data via a dashboard.

Call centers and customer service departments often struggle with the problem of optimal resourcing based on workload demand (customer outreach using via one or more communication channels) while also adhering to service level agreements reached with business partners. As such, call centers and customer service departments require accurate data regarding incoming and outgoing calls, as well as insight into the needs and types of customers that are being communicated with.
Call centers employ various conventional techniques for forecasting inbound and outbound calls. For example, queuing equation-based methods are commonly used in call center management systems, and are by far the most commonly used method for call center forecasting and data analysis. Another commonly used tool, for example, are call center agent management systems, which are primarily employed for short-term personnel scheduling and management. Additionally, call center agent management systems provide tools for forecasting agent workloads as well as automatic and manual methods for assigning agents to work-shifts in order to meet metrics agreed to in service level agreements. In these systems, queuing methods are used to predict the number of agents required to service a given workload, for a specific period of time (e.g. a shift or work day).
However, queuing equation-based methods and call center agent management systems are deficient when used for forecasting purposes for two main reasons. First, queuing equation-based methods require over simplifying agent workflow metrics, which results in inaccurate forecasts for call center needs. Second, call center agent management systems are not designed for forecasting, planning, and analysis, and therefore, relying on said systems for customer call forecasting results in system inefficiencies.
Moreover, existing techniques are unable to account for significant or irregular changes in the amount of business (i.e., number of subscribing customers) being serviced by a given call center. For example, classical approaches such as ARIMA, Exponential smoothing etc., are unable to take into consideration users added through any of the future marketing activities or non-regular activities that a business may use to increase subscribers from day-to-day or month-to-month.
Thus, there is a need for systems and methods that not only take existing users into account but also users to be acquired in future to estimate call volumes. Moreover, there is a need for an approach that utilizes additional metrics and tools to overcome some of the challenges described above.
The background description provided herein is for the purpose of generally presenting the context of the disclosure. Unless otherwise indicated herein, the materials described in this section are not prior art to the claims in this application and are not admitted to be prior art, or suggestions of the prior art, by inclusion in this section.

Systems and methods for forecasting inbound telecommunications associated with an electronic transactions subscription platform


The present invention provides a method of purifying a contaminated liquid flow (A) comprising the steps of: introducing a first type of gas bubbles (8) in the contaminated liquid flow (A), the first type of gas bubbles obtained by at least partly saturating a liquid with a first gas (B′), at a first pressure, followed by a lowering of the first pressure to a second pressure; introducing a second type of gas bubbles (9) to the contaminated liquid flow (A) downstream of the introduction of the first type of gas bubbles, the second type of gas bubbles formed by sparging, entrainment or attrition of a second gas (B″); extracting a reject stream (C) comprising aggregates formed by the interaction of contaminants from the contaminated liquid flow (A) with both the first and the second type of gas bubbles; and obtaining a purified liquid flow (D) downstream of the introduction of the second type of gas bubbles; as well as a system and a vessel for use in such a method.

In oil and gas producing facilities, a large amount of oil contaminated liquids is produced. Such liquids include for instance produced or processed water containing oil residues and solids, and they are commonly purified by use of systems including compact floatation units (CFUs).
In compact floatation units (CFUs), purification of the contaminated liquid is obtained by bringing the liquid into contact with gas bubbles. The gas bubbles attach to oil droplets in the liquid creating agglomerates having a density lower than the density of the oil droplets.
In prior art CFU systems, the gas bubbles are commonly obtained by either dissolved air floatation (DAF) or induced gas floatation (IGF), or a combination wherein the gas bubbles formed by DAF is due to residual gas in the liquid to be purified.
The purpose of the present invention is to provide an improved compact floatation unit.


An intelligent spatial reasoning method receives a plurality of object sets. A spatial mapping feature learning method uses the plurality of object sets to create at least one salient spatial mapping feature output. It performs spatial reasoning rule learning using the at least one spatial mapping feature to create at least one spatial reasoning rule output. The spatial mapping feature learning method performs a spatial mapping feature set generation step followed by a feature learning step. The spatial mapping feature set is generated by repeated application of spatial correlation between two object sets. The feature learning method consists of a feature selection step and a feature transformation step and the spatial reasoning rule learning method uses the supervised learning method.

Spatial reasoning is commonly known as reasoning about shape, measurement, depiction and navigation. Shape relates to the structure of space. Measurement relates to the dimension of space. Depiction relates to the representation of space entities. Navigation relates to large-scale space and concepts such as position, direction, distance, and routes. Spatial reasoning creates representation and applies rules that could describe the relations or changes in the relations of shape, measurement, depiction and navigation.
Humans develop spatial reasoning capability by first developing spatial representation then integrating multiple representations by their associated relations and rules. Similarly, spatial reasoning by computer involves the development of models for representation of spatial entities and the inference of information about spatial relations within the model framework. Spatial knowledge could be stored in a human cognitive map like representation such as the Spatial Semantic Hierarchy (B. Kuipers. 2000. The Spatial Semantic Hierarchy. Artificial Intelligence 119: 191-233.) The prevailing goal of a computerized spatial reasoning method is to discover meaningful cues and premises from the spatial relations of multiple sets of objects residing in multidimensional space.
There are many practical applications for spatial reasoning. For example, spatial reasoning is critical to the Geographical Information Systems (GIS). GIS is a computer system capable of assembling, storing, manipulating, and displaying geographically referenced information, i.e. data identified according to its location. It can be used for scientific investigations, resource management, and development planning. (Geographical Information Systems http://www.usgs.gov/research/gis/title.html)
In a cell image informatics application, spatial reasoning relates the target segmentation to specific structures and objects identified by morphology processing. For example in a Cajal Bodies (CB) dynamics study (Platani M., Goldberg I., Lamond A., Swedlow S. "Cajal body dynamics and association with chromatin are ATP-dependent". Nature Cell Biology. 2002 July; 4: 502-508), CBs identified in the target processing can be spatially related to the chromatin structures identified in the morphology processing. In semiconductor or electronic automatic defect classification or military automatic target classification applications, spatial reasoning relates the spatial relations among the components of defect arrangements or target structures to arrive at a classification decision.
In practical applications involving spatial decisions, it is highly desirable to have an automatic method to extract spatial reasoning features and generate spatial reasoning rules that could distinguish subtle differences and can compensate for measurement imperfection, noise, and uncertainty.
Prior art approaches use symbolic representations such as wire frame, surface-edge-vertex, generalized cylinder, superquadric, octree, etc. for spatial entity representations (Haralick, R M, Shapiro, R G, "Computer and Robot Vision", Vol. II, PP440-453, Addison Wesley, 1993). Relational distance based matching is often used for spatial reasoning based on symbolic representations. This class of methods suffers from the non-numerical nature of the representation and data processing where it is difficult to handle uncertainty and noise from data and measurements. Furthermore, it is difficult to automatically generate spatial mapping features and automatically generate or discover spatial mapping rules corresponding to events or targets of interest. Therefore, spatial reasoning rules are often defined by human heuristics. Human defined rules are primitive, i.e. non-robust. They are incapable of distinguishing subtle differences; neither can they compensate for imperfect measurements.

Abstract: The spatial reasoning approach of this invention automatically characterizes spatial relations of multiple sets of objects by comprehensive collections of spatial mapping features. Some of the features have clearly understandable physical, structural, or geometrical meanings. Others are statistical characterizations, which may not have clear physical, structural or geometrical meanings when considered individually. A combination of these features, however, could characterize subtle physical, structural or geometrical conditions under practical situations. One key advantage of this invention is the ability to characterize subtle differences numerically using a comprehensive feature set.


A novel hydroxyphenylated resin having excellent thermal stability, weather resistance, and electrical properties useful as a resin for a printed circuit board, a resin for sealing a semiconductor, an insulating materials, and the like; a process for preparing the resin; and curable epoxy composition comprising the same. Specifically, the present invention provides a novel resin containing a number of phenolic hydroxyl groups and having a high softening point and substantially no double bonds; and a process for preparing the same wherein a butadiene oligomer and a phenol compound are used as starting materials; and a curable epoxy resin composition comprising the same suitable for applications such as a sealing material.

Semiconductor and the associated technologies have made remarkable progress in recent years. Concomitantly, the degree of integration of large scale integration (LSI) has more and more increased, resulting in a rapid progress of miniaturization of wiring and enlargement of tip size. With increase in the degree of integration of LSI memory, packaging methods are shifting over from through-hole packagings to surface packagings. That is, packaging methods have been shifting over from conventional dip-type packagings to surface packagings such as small-sized and thin-type flat packagings, small outline packages, J Bend Soic, plastic leaded chip carriers and the like.
As the result, problems such as package cracking and impairment of moisture resistance of the package due to the package cracking are becoming an issue. Especially, a rapid change in temperature of a package during the soldering operation of lead wires at the surface packaging step creates many troubles such as package cracking.
Epoxy resin curing agents commonly used in sealing compounds for semiconductors are phenol-type novolac resins or cresol-type novolac resins, said compounds being compounded with the same resins.
The main drawback of the epoxy resin compositions containing said curing agents is their susceptibility to cracking and the lack of moisture resistance. Because of this, such compounds can not follow effectively the rapid progress of the recent semiconductor technology.
To surmount the drawback, Japanese Provisional Publication No. 110213-63 discloses a moisture and thermal resistance phenolic resin, for example, a dicyclopentadiene derivative of a phenolic resin useful as epoxy resin curing agents. However, one of the disadvantages of the dicyclopentadiene derivative of phenolic resin is its poor moldability, and only at most, the dimer and trimer of cyclopentadiene may be used because the softening point of the derivative should be suppressed as much as possible. As a result, the glass transition point (Tg) of the resulting sealing compound is difficult to raise, and the electrical properties of the compound can not be improved.
Several processes for preparing a phenolic resin derivative by use of a low molecular weight butadiene polymer or copolymer as a starting material have been proposed. U.S. Pat. No. 3,258,450 discloses a process comprising addition of phenol to a low molecular butadiene polymer or copolymer in the presence of an activated clay or sulfuric acid as a catalyst. The problem of this process is that only addition polymers or copolymers having a softening point less than 22.degree. C. may be obtained. U.K. No. 1,106,267 also discloses a process comprising addition of phenol to the double bonds of a low molecular weight butadiene polymer or copolymer in the presence of phosphoric acid as a catalyst. Although the resulting resin has a relatively high softening point, the main disadvantage of the phenolic resin is the carbon-carbon double bonds remain in the molecule in a large number, and thus when it is used as a curing agent for sealing compounds, the long-term storage stability impaired.
A process comprising addition of phenol to the double bonds of a low molecular butadiene polymer or copolymer in the presence of perchloric acid as a catalyst has been proposed [Angew. Makromol. Chem., 24, 205 (1972)]. The problems of the process are also the remaining carbon-carbon double bonds as well as the side reactions of phenol which produce various higher molecular weight butadiene polymers and ether-type adduct other than the desired phenol adduct. Therefore, the phenolic resins obtained by the process are also not suitable for use as a resin for sealing compounds and the like.
Further, Japanese Provisional Publication No. 26894-54 describes a process for preparing a phenol adduct of polybutadiene comprising an installment addition of a low molecular weight butadiene polymer or copolymer to a mixture of phenol and BF.sub.3 ether complex. In such case, although higher molecular weight butadiene polymers may be suppressed, a large number of carbon-carbon double bonds may remain in the molecule of the resulting adduct. Furthermore, a process for preparing a phenol adduct of polybutadiene has been known wherein the process comprises reacting phenol with a low molecular weight butadiene polymer or copolymer in the presence of BF.sub.3 phenol complex as a catalyst (Japanese Provisional Publication No. 160453-54). The problems of this process are the unpreferable properties of the product having a softening point less than 75.degree. C., and the large number of remaining double bonds.

Resin, process for preparing the same, and composition comprising the same