Projected input and output devices adapt to a desktop environment by sensing objects at the desktop environment and altering projected light in response to the sensed objects. For instance, projection of input and output devices is altered to limit illumination against and end user's hands or other objects disposed at a projection surface. End user hand positions and motions are detected to provide gesture support for adapting a projection work space, and configurations of projected devices are stored so that an end user can rapidly recreate a projected desktop. A projector scan adjusts to limit traces across inactive portions of the display surface and to increase traces at predetermined areas, such as video windows.

Field of the Invention
The present invention relates in general to the field of information handling system input interfaces, and more particularly to a projected information handling system input interface with dynamic adjustment.
Description of the Related Art
As the value and use of information continues to increase, individuals and businesses seek additional ways to process and store information. One option available to users is information handling systems. An information handling system generally processes, compiles, stores, and/or communicates information or data for business, personal, or other purposes thereby allowing users to take advantage of the value of the information. Because technology and information handling needs and requirements vary between different users or applications, information handling systems may also vary regarding what information is handled, how the information is handled, how much information is processed, stored, or communicated, and how quickly and efficiently the information may be processed, stored, or communicated. The variations in information handling systems allow for information handling systems to be general or configured for a specific user or specific use such as financial transaction processing, airline reservations, enterprise data storage, or global communications. In addition, information handling systems may include a variety of hardware and software components that may be configured to process, store, and communicate information and may include one or more computer systems, data storage systems, and networking systems.
Information handling systems have evolved over time to fit increasingly powerful processing components into smaller and more portable housings. To support portability, information handling systems typically include internal battery power sources and integrated input devices, such as touchscreen displays that present input devices as images. End users have adapted to touchscreen input devices, such as touchscreen keyboards, however, using touchscreen input devices on a small display is often difficult and unnatural for end users. One difficulty is that small screens tend to have small keyboards with small keys that are difficult to accurately select. Another difficulty is that using a touchscreen keyboard consumes a portion of the display, thus making it more difficult to view content. Due to these difficulties, end users often interface portable information handling systems with peripheral devices, such as peripheral keyboards, mice and displays. Often, end user work stations include a docking station that aids an end user in establishing interactions with peripheral devices.
Although peripheral devices aid end user interactions with portable information handling systems, peripheral devices often have limited portability and, when portable, increase the size and weight that an end user must carry to use a portable information handling system. One solution that provides peripheral interfaces without substantially increased size is to integrate a projector and input sensor with a portable information handling system to project input and output devices. For example, pico projectors are relatively small MEMS laser-based devices that project images by scanning a point light source across a projection surface. A pico projector integrated in a portable information handling system projects an input device, such a keyboard, that an end user touches to make inputs to the portable information handling system. The end user's fingers are monitored with an input sensor, such as a depth camera, to capture inputs at the keyboard when the end user touches keys. Although projected keyboards provide a more natural typing position than an end user typically experiences with a touchscreen keyboard, end user interactions are nonetheless often strained by limitations in the appearance and reaction of projected input devices. Typically the projected input device has a canned response at a defined location that supports little if any other end user interactions or any other devices or objects located on a projection surface.

Context adaptable projected information handling system input environment


The present invention relates to non-invasive methods, kits and means for diagnosing and/or prognosing of dilated cardiomyopathy in a body fluid sample from a subject. Further, the present invention relates to set of polynucleotides or sets of primer pairs for detecting sets of miRNAs for diagnosing and/or prognosing of dilated cardiomyopathy in a body fluid sample from a subject. In addition, the present invention relates to sets of miRNAs for diagnosing and/or prognosing of dilated cardiomyopathy in a body fluid sample from a subject.

Today, biomarkers play a key role in early diagnosis, risk stratification, and therapeutic management of various diseases. While progress in biomarker research has accelerated over the last 5 years, the clinical translation of disease biomarkers as endpoints in disease management and as the foundation for diagnostic products still poses a challenge.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a new class of biomarkers. They represent a group of small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the posttranslational level by degrading or blocking translation of messenger RNA (mRNA) targets. MiRNAs are important players when it comes to regulate cellular functions and in several diseases, including cancer.
So far, miRNAs have been extensively studied in tissue material. It has been found that miRNAs are expressed in a highly tissue-specific manner. Disease-specific expression of miRNAs have been reported in many human cancers employing primarily tissue material as the miRNA source. In this context miRNAs expression profiles were found to be useful in identifying the tissue of origin for cancers of unknown primary origin.
Since recently it is known that miRNAs are not only present in tissues but also in other body fluid samples, including human blood. Nevertheless, the mechanism why miRNAs are found in body fluids, especially in blood, or their function in these body fluids is not understood yet.
Various miRNA biomarkers found in tissue material have been proposed to be correlated with certain diseases, e.g. cancer. However, there is still a need for novel miRNAs as biomarkers for the detection and/or prediction of these and other types of diseases. Especially desirable are non-invasive biomarkers, that allow for quick, easy and cost-effective diagnosis/prognosis which cause only minimal stress for the patient eliminating the need for surgical intervention
Particularly, the potential role of miRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis and/or prognosis of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) has not been systematically evaluated yet. In addition, many of the miRNA biomarkers presently available for diagnosing and/or prognosing of diseases have shortcomings such as reduced sensitivity, not sufficient specificity or do not allow timely diagnosis or represent invasive biomarkers. Accordingly, there is still a need for novel and efficient miRNAs or sets of miRNAs as markers, effective methods and kits for the non-invasive diagnosis and/or prognosis of diseases such as dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).
The inventors of the present invention assessed for the first time the expression of miRNAs on a whole-genome level in subjects with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) as non-invasive biomarkers from body fluids, preferably in blood. They surprisingly found that miRNAs are significantly dysregulated in blood of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) subjects in comparison to healthy controls and thus, miRNAs are appropriated non-invasive biomarkers for diagnosing and/or prognosing of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). This finding is surprising, since there is nearly no overlap of the miRNA biomarkers found in blood and the miRNA biomarkers found in tissue material representing the origin of the disease. The inventors of the present invention surprisingly found miRNA biomarkers in body fluids, especially in blood, that have not been found to be correlated to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) when tissues material was used for this kind of analysis. Therefore, the inventors of the invention identified for the first time miRNAs as non-invasive surrogate biomarkers for diagnosis and/or prognosis of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). The inventors of the present invention identified single miRNAs which predict dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) with high specificity, sensitivity and accuracy. The inventors of the present invention also pursued a multiple biomarker strategy, thus implementing sets of miRNA biomarkers for diagnosing and/or prognosing of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) leading to added specificity, sensitivity, accuracy and predictive power, thereby circumventing the limitations of single biomarker. In detail, by using a machine learning algorithms, they identified unique sets of miRNAs (miRNA signatures) that allow for non-invasive diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) with even higher power, indicating that sets of miRNAs (miRNA signatures) derived from a body fluid sample, such as blood from a subject (e.g. human) can be used as novel non-invasive biomarkers.

Complex sets of miRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers for dilated cardiomyopathy


A cargo storage apparatus that is secured to the side walls of a pick-up flatbed truck. A netting is attached to a hanger rod via a series of rings. Affixed onto the hanger are a set of hooks. Alternatively, handles may be sewn directly into the netting with hooks fastened to extensions of the netting. A set of clamps are secured to the overhang portion of a truck's sidewalls. Each clamp has an aperture which corresponds with a hook on the hanger rods or a hook connected to an extension of the netting. Once assembled, a large cargo storage area is provided. A divider member may be used to separate the storage area into sub-compartments. The apparatus can be quickly and easily installed without damage to the side walls of the truck and may be collapsed for compact storage. The use of handles enables easy removal and transport of the apparatus while containing cargo therein.

The present invention is directed generally to a cargo storage apparatus and, more particularly, to a device which may be affixed to the walls of a bed of a pick-up truck to provide a flexible and adjustable basket for the storage and securement of cargo that would otherwise slide and shift about the bed of the truck.
In the use of vehicles which have flatbeds with side walls, such as a pick-up truck or the like, the flatbed of the truck is typically used to store and secure various types of articles and cargo. Such articles include camping, beach and fishing gear, sporting equipment, school and work materials, as well as groceries. There are a variety of devices which are designed specifically for the storage of other articles. Examples of such devices include heavy duty tools, storage boxes and firearm racks. These other devices often include rigid and non-adjustable storage areas which are often bolted and permanently affixed to the truck. However, none of these prior art devices provide a flexible and adjustable storage apparatus that may be easily and quickly affixed to the walls of a truck without the need for permanent connection. None of these devices can be easily removed and transported while cargo remains inside. Further, these prior art devices cannot be disassembled and collapsed or folded for storage in a relatively small space.


A developer transport body transports a developer on a transport surface in a predetermined direction. This transport surface is composed of a first constituent surface which renders relatively large the absolute value of a charge amount of the developer due to friction, and a second constituent surface disposed in an area downstream of and adjacent to the first constituent surface and which renders the absolute value of the charge amount of the developer smaller than if the first constituent surface was disposed in the area. Therefore, when the developer is moved toward a latent-image forming surface by electrostatic force, the developer is less likely to be affected by disturbing forces other than the electrostatic force. Further, since the absolute value of the charge amount of the developer becomes smaller on the second constituent surface, adhesion of the developer to the transport surface and aggregation of the developer can be restrained.

[1] A developing apparatus (process unit) including a developer transport body has conventionally been known. The developer transport body includes a substrate having a transport surface disposed to face a latent-image forming surface, which is a surface of a latent-image carrying body and on which an electrostatic latent image is formed by means of electric potential of the surface; and a plurality of electrodes disposed on the substrate.
In such a developing apparatus, an electric field directed toward a predetermined developer transport direction is formed on the transport surface through application of voltages to the electrodes. Thus, a charged developer (toner) on the transport surface moves along the transport surface in the developer transport direction. When the developer reaches a developing area in the vicinity of the latent-image forming surface, the developer is caused to move toward the latent-image forming surface by means of an electrostatic force which is produced through interaction between a charge (charge amount) of the developer and an electric field generated by a difference (difference in electrical potential) between the electrical potential of the latent-image forming surface and that of the transport surface. As a result of the developer having reached the latent-image forming surface and adhering thereto, an image in the developer is formed (developed) on the latent-image forming surface (see, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open (kokai) No. S59-181375).
Incidentally, when the developer moves from the transport surface to the latent-image forming surface, the developer receives a force (disturbing force), other than the above-mentioned electrostatic force, which is produced by a flow of air or the like. If such a disturbing force is sufficiently smaller than the electrostatic force, the developer can easily move in the direction of the electrostatic force. In such a case, the developer can be caused, without fail, to reach proper positions on the latent-image forming surface in accordance with the electric potential thereof, whereby the quality of an image formed by the developer can be improved. Therefore, conceivably, sufficiently increasing the absolute value (magnitude) of the charge amount of the developer is desired so as to sufficiently increase the electrostatic force.
However, the greater the absolute value of the charge amount of the developer, the greater the risk of the developer adhering to the transport surface due to image force, etc., or the developer aggregating. Therefore, the greater the absolute value of the charge amount of the developer, the greater the possibility that the developer on the transport surface is not transport smoothly. As a result, the developer is non-uniformly distributed in the developing area, whereby the quality of an image formed on the latent-image forming surface may deteriorate.
[2] Many mechanisms for transporting toner (developer) in an image forming apparatus by use of a traveling-wave electric field are conventionally known (as disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open (kokai) No. S63-13074, Japanese Patent Publication (kokoku) No. H5-31146, and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open (kokai) Nos. 2002-351218, 2003-15417, 2004-157259, 2005-275127, etc.) In such a mechanism, a large number of strip-shaped electrodes are juxtaposed in a row on an electrically insulative base plate.
In such a mechanism, polyphase AC voltages are sequentially applied to the plurality of strip-shaped electrodes, whereby a traveling-wave electric field is generated. By the action of the traveling-wave electric field, the above-described toner in a charged state is transported in a predetermined direction.
The above-described mechanism which can transport a charged developer by means of a traveling-wave electric field (hereinafter referred to as an "electric field developer transport apparatus" in some cases) has the following problem. When the developer is not smoothly transported in a certain region on the base plate, the developer may stagnate in that region for a long period of time. This stagnation of the developer may cause adhesion of the developer to the base plate and/or scattering of the developer to the outside.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Developer transport substrate configuration for an image forming apparatus


A glycol solvent selected from a glycol and a tetramethylammonium carboxylate having improved dehydrating capacity and a reduced aborbency for aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons.

Glycol solvent such as ethylene and polyethylene glycol solvents are used in a number of important industrial applications, for example, dehydration of natural gas, production of anhydrous ethanol and other water soluble solvents and in separation of aromatic hydrocarbons from petroleum fractions. Examples of glycol solvents are tetraethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, diethylene glycol and ethylene glycol. Such glycols usually contain between about 0% to 5% by weight of water.
The use of glycols for dehydration of gases and, particularly, natural gas is disclosed in some detail in Chapter 11 of Gas Purification, Fourth Edition, Kohl and Riesenfeld, 1985. The principal glycols used in gas dehydration are diethylene glycol and triethylene glycol. As stated in the foregoing publication, the factors leading to the use of glycols are their unusual hygroscopicity, their excellent stability to heat and chemical decomposition, and their low vapor pressure. The dehydration process involves the use of a counter current system wherein the glycol stream containing from about 1% to 5% water is contacted with an upward flow of gas to be dehydrated, generally in the temperature range of about 85.degree. to 105.degree. F. After the dehydration process, the diluted glycol stream is regenerated or reconcentrated by distilling out the water absorbed, at atmospheric pressure at a reboiler temperature that does not exceed 400.degree. F.
The glycols as indicated above have also been used in the production of anhydrous ethanol and other water soluble type compositions to remove water. Ethanol when derived from a corn base as an additive to gasoline is initially formed as a solution of up to about 50% water. For use as a gasoline additive the water must be removed, by fractional and extractive distillation with a water solvent, such as one of the aforementioned glycols.
Further, the separation of aromatic hydrocarbons, such as the BTEX components (benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and xylene), from petroleum fractions by liquid-liquid extraction frequently use as solvents glycols and, in particular, diethylene glycol (DEG) and triethylene glycol (TEG). A brief review of this process and improvements is available in Chapter 18.2. Handbook of Solvent Extraction, John Wiley & Sons, 1983.


A method for determining an inverse filter for altering the frequency response of a loudspeaker so that with the inverse filter applied in the loudspeaker's signal path the inverse-filtered loudspeaker output has a target frequency response, and optionally also applying the inverse filter in the signal path, and a system configured (e.g., a general or special purpose processor programmed and configured) to determine an inverse filter. In some embodiments, the inverse filter corrects the magnitude of the loudspeaker's output. In other embodiments, the inverse filter corrects both the magnitude and phase of the loudspeaker's output. In some embodiments, the inverse filter is determined in the frequency domain by applying eigenfilter theory or minimizing a mean square error expression by solving a linear equation system.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to methods and systems for determining an inverse filter for altering a loudspeaker's frequency response in an effort to match the output of the inverse-filtered loudspeaker to a target frequency response. In typical embodiments, the invention is a method for determining such an inverse filter from measured, critically banded data indicative of the loudspeaker's impulse response in each of a number of critical frequency bands.
2. Background of the Invention
Throughout this disclosure including in the claims, the expression "critical frequency bands" (of a full frequency range of a set of one or more audio signals) denotes frequency bands of the full frequency range that are determined in accordance with perceptually motivated considerations. Typically, critical frequency bands that partition an audible frequency range have width that increases with frequency across the audible frequency range.
Throughout this disclosure including in the claims, the expression "critically banded" data (indicative of audio having a full frequency range) implies that the full frequency range includes critical frequency bands (e.g., is partitioned into critical frequency bands), and denotes that the data comprises subsets, each of the subsets consisting of data indicative of audio content in a different one of the critical frequency bands.
Throughout this disclosure including in the claims, the expression performing an operation (e.g., filtering or transforming) "on" signals or data is used in a broad sense to denote performing the operation directly on the signals or data, or on processed versions of the signals or data (e.g., on versions of the signals that have undergone preliminary filtering prior to performance of the operation thereon).
Throughout this disclosure including in the claims, the expression "system" is used in a broad sense to denote a device, system, or subsystem. For example, a subsystem that determines an inverse filter may be referred to as an inverse filter system, and a system including such a subsystem (e.g., a system including a loudspeaker and means for applying the inverse filter in the loudspeaker's signal path, as well as the subsystem that determines the inverse filter) may also be referred to as an inverse filter system.
Throughout this disclosure including in the claims, the expression "reproduction" of signals by speakers denotes causing the speakers to produce sound in response to the signals, including by performing any required amplification and/or other processing of the signals.
Inverse filtering is performed to improve the listening impression of one listening to the output of a loudspeaker (or set of loudspeakers), by canceling or reducing imperfections in an electro-acoustic system. By introducing an inverse filter in the loudspeaker's signal path, a frequency response that is approximately flat (or has another desired or "target" shape) and a phase response that is linear (or has other desired characteristics) may be obtained. An inverse filter can eliminate sharp transducer resonances and other irregularities in the frequency response. It can also improve transients and spatial localization. In traditional techniques, graphic or parametric equalizers have been used to correct the magnitude of loudspeaker acoustic output, while introducing their own phase characteristics on top of the preexisting loudspeaker phase characteristics. More recent methods implement deconvolution or inverse filtering which allows for correction of both finer frequency resolution as well as phase response. Inverse filtering methods commonly use techniques such as smoothing and regularization to reduce unwanted or unexpected side effects resulting from application of the inverse filter to the acoustic system.
A typical loudspeaker impulse response has large differences between the maxima and minima (sharp peaks and dips). If the loudspeaker response is measured at a single point in space, the resulting inverse filter will only flatten the response for that one point. Noise or small inaccuracies in the impulse response measurement may then result in severe distortion in a fully inverse filtered system. To avoid this situation, multiple spatial measurements are taken. Averaging these measurements prior to optimizing the inverse filter results in a spatially averaged response.
It is crucial to apply inverse filtering moderately so that loudspeakers are not driven outside their linear range of operation. An overall limit on the amount of correction applied is considered a global regularization.
To avoid dramatic or narrow compensation it is possible to use frequency dependent regularization in the computations, or otherwise perform frequency-dependent weighting of values generated during the computations (e.g., to avoid compensating for deep notches where it would be undesirable to do so). For example, U.S. Pat. No. 7,215,787, issued May 8, 2007, describes a method for designing a digital audio precompensation filter for a loudspeaker. The filter is designed to apply precompensation with frequency-dependent weighting. The reference suggests that the weighting can reduce the precompensation applied in frequency regions where the measuring and modeling of the loudspeaker's frequency response is subject to greater error, or can be perceptual weighting which reduces the precompensation applied in frequency regions where the listener's ears are less sensitive.
Until the present invention, it had not been known how to implement critical band smoothing efficiently during inverse filter determination. For example, it had not been known how to implement a method for determining an inverse filter for a loudspeaker in which critical band smoothing is performed on the speaker's measured impulse response during an analysis stage of the inverse filter determination, and the inverse of such critical band smoothing is performed during a synthesis stage of the inverse filter determination on banded filter values to generate inverse filtered values that determine the inverse filter.
Nor had it been known until the present invention how to perform inverse filter determination efficiently, including by applying eigenfilter theory (e.g., including by expressing stop band and pass band errors as Rayleigh quotients), or by minimizing a mean square error expression by solving a linear equation system.

Method for determining inverse filter from critically banded impulse response data

Dolby Laboratories Licensing Corporation


An air data sensor can include an acoustic transmitter configured to output an acoustic signal into an airflow and a plurality of acoustic transducers configured to receive the acoustic signal output by the acoustic transducer. The air data sensor can also include a light source configured to output a light beam into the airflow, and a light receiver configured to receive scattered light from the light beam. The light source and the light receiver can be bistatic such that a measurement zone is formed away from the air data sensor.

In order to create a full air data channel with an acoustic (e.g., ultrasonic) air data sensor, both sideslip (e.g., also referred to as beta) compensation and/or the 3rd velocity vector and measure of static pressure is required. Known architecture methods for doing this include placing another acoustic air data sensor in the angle of sideslip (AOS) plane of the aircraft and coupling the system with a pneumatic static port. This requires additional sensors and install locations.
An acoustic air data sensor can provide a dissimilar source of True Airspeed (TAS) and/or Mach, Static Air Temperature (SAT) (by measuring the Speed of Sound), and a 2-dimensional flow direction which can be used to calculate angle of attack AOA or AOS depending on installation orientation. However, for calibration/performance purposes, and to provide a complete air data channel, a measure of AOS or the 3rd velocity vector and a measure of static pressure is required in order to compute a Pressure Altitude. Existing systems may use of a pneumatic static port which can be susceptible to certain errors and failure modes associated therewith.
Such conventional methods and systems have generally been considered satisfactory for their intended purpose. However, there is still a need in the art for improved air data systems. The present disclosure provides a solution for this need.


A network backup/recovery system is provided which can perform backup operation and/or recovery operation in a computer system, so as to backup data and system configurations and/or recover from a system crash, which can also minimize time consumption and cost. A network backup/recovery system backs up data and immediately returns a storage device to a preceding state. The network backup/recovery system comprises a client management part for controlling at least one client and a server management part for controlling a server and monitoring each using condition of the clients. The server management part sends a predetermined message to the client management part according to each using condition of the clients; and the client management part involves implementing a predetermined backup/recovery procedure according to the received predetermined message.

1. Field of Invention
The present invention relates to a backup/recovery technique for a computer system. More particularly, the present invention relates to a network backup/recovery system, enables backup and/or recovery for protecting the computer system thoroughly.
2. Description of Related Art
The protection for the computer system in the public place is an important issue for a network administrator at present. In general, the public environments need the read only purpose for computer system, to avoid the damage from the user purposefully or involuntarily.
For example, the first kind of public environment is public inquiring computer system, Internet coffee shop, or the like. The computers are placed in the public place and needs to be administered, because they are easy to be destroyed. Secondly, the public environment refers to the school, where needs to set a plurality of computers to work in a certain state repeatedly. In the public place, the network administrator for the computer system demands a fixed and a stable using environment to protect the system in the normal state efficiently.
The conventional backup/recovery software, although having the backup/recovery function, wastes a lot of time executing the function, and needs the network administrator himself to operate hundreds of the client computers one by one . It is a difficult task. Referring to FIG. 1, a flowchart shows the conventional backup/recovery software accomplishing its mission. As shown in FIG. 1, the mission is to enable the recovery function for all of the client computers. First, the network administrator needs to accomplish the operation at the first client computer. Then, he goes to the second client computer to accomplish it. Finally, he keeps on going to the front of the n-th client computer to accomplish the entire mission. Assuming that the recovery operation for each client computer needs 3 minutes, then 300 minutes are needed for 100 sets of client computers, and it costs a long period of time.
For example, the conventional backup/recovery software, such as the Ghost software developed by Symantec Corporation, needs the network administrator to go to the front of each client computer to execute the Ghost backup program so as to backup data for the user for backup procedure. It is a single task and takes about 8 minutes per Gigabyte, in general. Besides, the recovery procedure also needs the network administrator to go to the front of each client computer to execute the Ghost recovery program. Prior to this, the network administrator has to boot the operating system beforehand.
FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate two operating flowcharts showing the use of the Ghost software executing a backup operation and a recovery operation respectively. As shown in FIG. 2, the network administrator goes to the front of each client computer to operate the disk operating system (DOS) and then executes the Ghost backup program to backup data stored in the selected hard disk/partition to a file F. As shown in FIG. 3, the network administrator goes to each client computer to operate the disk operating system (DOS) and then executes the Ghost recovery program at the client computer to recovery the data from the file F to the selected hard disk/partition.
Since the Ghost software backs up all the valid data stored in the hard disk, the data itself backed up by the Ghost software occupies an extremely large space in the hard disk. In addition, all data currently used by the file system of the operating system (OS) will be backed up into the file F. This occurs no matter whether such related data would be further changed in the future or not, thereby further occupying a great amount of space in the hard disk.
Another presently available backup/recovery software, such as the Goback software developed by Adaptec Corporation, needs the network administrator to go to the front of each client computer to operate it during recovery process. Prior to executing the recovery program, there is no need to boot the operating system (OS) in advance. Referring to FIG. 4, it illustrates a recovery flowchart of the conventional Goback software. As shown in FIG. 4, the network administrator goes to the front of each client computer to press the space key, indicates the system to initiate the recovery work, and then the Goback software recoveries the hard disk to selected state.
In light of the foregoing, there is a need in the art to provide a backup/recovery software with a remotely controlled function.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a network backup/recovery system and its method of backup/recovery that can backup/recovery the computer system instantaneously. An object of the present invention is to return at least one hard disk to a predetermined state. The improvement is remarkable for the backup/recovery system while the network administrator does not need to go to the front of each client computer to operate the computer system.
To achieve these and other advantages and in accordance with the purpose of the invention, as embodied and broadly described herein, the invention provides a method for backing up and/or recovering data.
One aspect of the present invention involves a network backup/recovery system for backing up data and recovering a storage device immediately. The system involves a client management part for controlling at least a client and a server management part for controlling a server and monitoring each using condition of the client. In this embodiment, the server management part sends a predetermined message to the client management part according to each using condition of the client, and the client management part involves implementing a predetermined backup/recovery procedure according to the received predetermined message.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the server may remotely control at least one backup/recovery operation of the client. The client management part executes a client management program at the client. The server management part executes a server management program at the server. The predetermined message includes a booting message of the client. The predetermined procedure includes issuing a command from the server to the client. The system determines and backs up a valid data being changed within established data stored in a hard disk. The server management part communicates with the client management part over the Internet. The system sends a backup-completed message when the changed valid data is backed up. The changed valid data is determined according to whether the established data has been used in a file system in an operating system. The valid data is contained in an allocated cluster within the file system. The file system is a FAT file system, a FAT32 file system, a NTFS system or an EXT2 file system for UNIX.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary, and are intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed.

Network backup/recovery system and method regarding the same


A press-contacting terminal includes a terminal connection portion for electrical connecting to a mating terminal, and a wire connection portion that is extended from the terminal connection portion in a first direction. The wire connection portion includes a base plate portion, first and second side plate portions that are provided on opposite side edges of the base plate portion in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, a press-contacting portion for press-contacting a sheathed wire, the press-contacting portion being disposed on the base plate in perpendicular to both of the base plate portion and the side plate portions, and an interconnecting portion that connects the press-contacting portion to the first side plate portion. The first and second side plate portions have a height so as not to interfere with the sheathed wire to be press-contacted with the press-contacting portion.

This invention relates to a press-contacting terminal.
FIGS. 4 and 5 show known related press-contacting terminals (see, for example, JP-A-2003-217700 (Pages 2 and 4 to 5, FIGS. 4 and 15)).
The press-contacting terminal 1, shown in FIG. 4, is formed by stamping and bending a single electrically-conductive metal sheet. This press-contacting terminal 1 includes a terminal connection portion 2 of a generally rectangular tubular shape into which a mating terminal can be inserted to be electrically connected thereto, and a wire connection portion 3 extending from the terminal connection portion 2 in a direction of connecting of the mating terminal to the terminal 1.
The wire connection portion 3 includes a base plate portion 4, a pair of side plate portions 5 formed on and projecting perpendicularly respectively from widthwise-opposite side edges of the base plate portion 4, and press-contacting portions 6 for cutting an insulating sheath of a sheathed wire to be brought into contact with an internal conductor of the sheathed wire. Each press-contacting portion 6 includes a pair of press-contacting blades 8 which are formed by stamping predetermined opposed portions of the pair of side plate portions 5 and then by bending these stamped-out portions inwardly. A slot 9 is formed between the pair of press-contacting blades 8. The two press-contacting blade portions 6 are arranged in the mating terminal-connecting direction.
The sheathed wire is press-fitted into a space between the pair of side plate portions 5 from the upper side, and the insulating sheath of the sheathed wire is cut by upper end portions of the press-contacting blades 8, and then the internal conductor of the sheathed wire is inserted into the slots 9, so that the sheathed wire is press-contacted with the press-contacting portions 6, and therefore is electrically connected to the press-contacting terminal 1.
Like the above-mentioned press-contacting terminal 1, the press-contacting terminal 11 of FIG. 11 is formed by stamping and bending a single electrically-conductive metal sheet. This press-contacting terminal 11 includes a terminal connection portion 12 of a generally rectangular tubular shape into which a mating terminal can be inserted to be electrically connected thereto, and a wire connection portion 13 extending from the terminal connection portion 12 in a direction of connecting of the mating terminal to the terminal 11.
Two press-contacting piece portions 17a and 17b, each having a pair of press-contacting blades 18 cooperating with each other to define a slot 19 therebetween, are formed on the wire connection portion 13, and are arranged in the mating terminal-connecting direction. The terminal connection portion 12 is formed on a front side portion of the press-contacting terminal 11, and the rear press-contacting piece portion 17a is formed by bending a distal end portion of a base plate portion 14, extending from a base plate portion of the terminal connection portion 12, at a right angle. A strip-like portion 15 extends from a top plate portion of the terminal connection portion 12, and is bent to be superposed on the base plate portion 14 in a direction of the height, and the front press-contacting piece 17b is formed by bending a distal end portion of the strip-like portion 15 at a right angle.
A sheathed wire is pressed down from the upper side of the press-contacting blades 17a and 17b, and an insulating sheath of the sheathed wire is cut by upper end portions of the press-contacting blades 18, and then an internal conductor of the sheathed wire is inserted into the slots 19, so that the sheathed wire is press-contacted with the press-contacting piece portions 17a and 17b, and therefore is electrically connected to the press-contacting terminal 11.
The above-mentioned press-contacting terminals 1 and 11 are mounted within a connector housing of a connector, and with an increasing demand for a compact design of recent connectors, it has now been required to achieve a low-height design of the press-contacting terminals (that is, the reduction of the size of the press-contacting terminals in the direction of their height) and a narrow-pitch arrangement of the terminals (that is, the reduction of the size of the presscontacting terminals in the direction of their width). However, the related press-contacting terminals, shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, have the following problems which are to be solved in order to meet the above requirements.
In the press-contacting terminal 1 of FIG. 4, the pair of press-contacting blades 8 of each press-contacting portion 6 are formed by bending the stamped-out portions of the pair of side plate portions 5, and are disposed between the pair of side plate portions 5. The sheathed wire to be press-contacted with the terminal is press-fitted into the space between the pair of side plate portions 5. Therefore, the width of the press-contacting terminal 1 is at least the sum of the width of the sheathed wire and the thicknesses of the pair of side plate portions 5 (that is, a thickness twice larger than the thickness of the metal sheet forming the press-contacting terminal 1). Therefore, the reduction of the press-contacting terminal 1 in the direction of the width thereof is limited, and this is disadvantageous with respect to the achievement of the narrow-pitch arrangement.
On the other hand, in the press-contacting terminal 11 of FIG. 5, the front press-contacting piece portion 17b is formed by bending the distal end portion of the strip-like portion 15 (superposed on the base plate portion 14 in the direction of the height) at a right angle. Therefore, the thickness of the strip-like portion 15 (that is, the thickness of the metal sheet forming the press-contacting terminal 11) is interposed between the press-contacting piece portion 17b and the base plate portion 14 in the direction of the height. This is disadvantageous with respect to the reduction of the press-contacting terminal 11 in the direction of the height. And besides, the wire connection portion 13 of the press-contacting terminal 11 has a flat plate-like shape, and therefore there is a fear that its strength is reduced.


A stabilizer control device includes a stabilizer having torsion bars and a brushless motor having an exciting coil, a rotating direction switching device switching a rotating direction of the brushless motor, an excitation control device for controlling power supplied to the exciting coil, a vehicle state detecting device, a rotating state detecting device, a roll control device for reducing a rolling movement of the vehicle, a brake mode by which all the switching elements of one of the first switching element group and the second switching element group are controlled to be in a conducting state, and all the switching elements of the other of the first switching element group and the second switching element group are controlled to be in a non-conducting state; and a brake mode executing device for executing the brake mode in accordance with the state of the roll control device.

Generally, a stabilizer control device for the vehicle applies an appropriate rolling moment to a vehicle body, while the vehicle is traveling and making a turn, by actuating a stabilizer so that the rolling movement of the vehicle body is reduced or controlled.
A device described in JP2000-71739A controls an effect of the stabilizer for changing an apparent torsional rigidity of the stabilizer by driving and controlling an actuator in accordance with a level of a turning that the vehicle makes. Specifically, a thrust of an electromagnetic linear actuator is calculated on the basis of signals outputted from sensors, and a target electric current value is set by converting the thrust into an electric current value. Thus, PID control is executed.
A stabilizer described in JP2002-518245A has halves of a stabilizer bar, a first stabilizer bar and a second stabilizer bar, and an electromechanical turning actuator that is provided between the first and second stabilizer bars. Specifically, the electromechanical turning actuator used for generating an initial stress torque is comprised of three basic elements; an electric motor, a reducing gear device and a brake. The brake is provided between the electric motor and the reducing gear device. In this configuration, the torque generated by the electric motor is converted by means of the reducing gear device into another torque required for generating for the initial stress for the stabilizer. The first stabilizer is supported by a bearing and directly connected to a housing of the electromechanical turning actuator, and the second separated stabilizer is also supported by a bearing and connected to the reducing gear device at an output end (high-torque end) thereof.
Various types of motors can be used for the electric motor provided at the actuator described in JP2002-518245A, however, a brushless motor is particularly suitable for driving the actuator.
According to a brushless motor described in JPH8-228496A, a phase switching signal pattern is switched by a phase switching control means in accordance with a change of an output that is outputted by a rotation sensor for detecting rotations of a motor shaft, a phase switching signal is outputted to the switching element from the phase switching control means in accordance with the phase switching signal pattern, and then electric current is supplied to an exciting coil by driving the switching element in accordance with the phase switching signal.
Further, according to another brushless motor described in JPH7-40849A, a motor brake pattern is set as a phase switching signal pattern. Such motor brake pattern is described as L, L, L, H, H, H, in which L means a low-level signal, and H means a high-level signal.
Furthermore, a motor control device described in JP2005-33932A executes, when a power supplied to the motor is stopped, a process in order to deal with a torque generated by the motor.
When the drive of AC motor is stopped, if a rotational speed of the AC motor inputted by an input means is greater than a first rotational speed, the motor control device controls all elements in the first switching element group or the second switching element group so as to be in a conducting state, and the motor control device controls all elements in the other of the first switching element group or the second switching element group so as to be in a non-conducting state.
On the other hand, if a rotational speed of the AC motor inputted by the input means is less than a second rotational speed, the motor control device controls all elements in the first switching element group and the second switching element group so as to be in a non-conducting state.
When the brushless motor described in JPH8-228496A is used for the actuator described in JP2002-518245A, an actual angle (or an actual torque) is controlled so as to be close to a target angle (or target torque) by switching the rotating direction of the motor without supplying power to the brushless motor. Thus, the stabilizer can be controlled.
However, it is confirmed that torque fluctuations (vibrations) are generated on the basis of a characteristic of the stabilizer control device when the rotating direction is switched. It is also confirmed that such fluctuations make noise.
Specifically, as shown in FIG. 9, a dashed line indicates a target angle, and a solid line indicates an actual angle. For example, when a value of the actual angle at a certain point becomes lower than a value of the target angle, a rotating direction of the motor is switched without supplying electric current to the brushless motor as shown in a middle section of FIG. 9, and then torque fluctuations (vibrations) are generated right after the rotating direction is switched to a counterclockwise direction (CCW), and such fluctuations make noise. In FIG. 9, CW indicates a clockwise direction rotation (right rotation), and CCW indicates a counterclockwise direction rotation (left rotation).
A need thus exists to provide a stabilizer control device, which has a brushless motor in order to control a torsional force generated at the stabilizer, wherein the rolling movement of the vehicle is appropriately reduced, and noise is reduced.


A method for the preparation of optimally labeled oligonucleotides wherein label-conjugated nucleotide triphosphates are incorporated into a nucleic acid sequence in a defined repetitive manner which allows for the optimal specific detectability of the oligonucleotide. The oligonucleotides of the present invention are useful in the assay of a wide variety of nucleic acid sequences, specifically wherever labeled nucleic acid probes are desired.

This invention relates to the preparation and use of labeled oligonucleotides. More particularly, it relates to methods of preparing and using oligonucleotides wherein label-conjugated nucleotides are incorporated into a nucleic acid sequence in a defined repetitive manner which allows for optimum detectability.
Several publications are referenced in this application, with full citations appearing in the text of the specification. These references describe the state-of-the-art to which this invention pertains, and are hereby incorporated herein by reference.
Many different compounds have been used to detect nucleic acids. Broadly, labels of nucleic acids can be divided into two classes: (1) those which covalently modify nucleic acids with a detectable moiety, and (2) those which non-covalently modify nucleic acids with a detectable moiety, i.e., by ionic interactions, hydrogen-bonding, or intercalation. In general, non-covalent probes of nucleic acids exhibit dramatically increased detectability upon binding to nucleic acids, and consequently, have been very useful in assays designed to determine the total nucleic acid present in a given sample. In addition, non-covalently bound molecules can, and will, migrate from a labeled strand to an unlabeled one. Covalently bound molecules, on the other hand, can not migrate from a labeled oligonucleotide to an unlabeled one. Therefore covalently bound moieties are preferred for use as tagged nucleic acid probes.
Examples of compounds which have been covalently attached to nucleic acid sequences include conjugates between nucleotide triphosphates or phosphoramidites and labeling moieties, and directly reactive dyes, e.g. fluorescent moieties. Nucleotide triphosphates are incorporated into a nucleic acids by nucleic acid polymerases. Commercially available nucleotide triphosphates-dye conjugates include dCTP-Cy3, dCTP-Cy5, dUTP-FluorX, etc. available from DuPont, Molecular Probes, Boehringer Mannheim, and Amersham Life Sciences. Such dye conjugates contain cyanine or fluorescein derivatives which are covalently bound to the nucleotide, and each dye conjugate differs with respect to the absorbance maxima of the dye moiety. Directly reactive dyes covalently bind to an existing nucleic acid sequence. A few reactive dyes are commercially available, including various psoralens and ethidium mono- and di-azides.
The chemistry associated with conjugates of phosphoramidites and labeling moieties has dramatically improved in recent years allowing for the complete synthesis of labeled oligonucleotides with commercially available nucleic acid synthesizers. Labeled oligonucleotides have also been synthesized by a combination of modified phosphoramidites and reactive dyes, typically involving the incorporation of primary amines in the oligonucleotide during synthesis followed by covalent coupling of the amine groups to a reactive dye.
Of the three methods for the covalent linkage of labeling moieties to oligonucleotides, the nucleotide triphosphate-dye conjugates offer the greatest flexibility and the highest achievable specific detectability, i.e. fluorescence. Synthetic nucleic acids (molecules produced non-enzymatically) are generally limited to less than 100 bases and are subject to variable dye coupling chemistries. Directly reactive dyes, such as ethidium monoazide, react non-specifically and can potentially damage the labeled oligonucleotide. Polymerase-driven labeling, on the other hand, can produce molecules from a few tens of bases to several kilobases, can utilize standard labeling methods such as nick translation and primer extension reactions, and the degree of dye incorporation can be roughly controlled by varying the ratio of labeled NTP to unlabeled NTP.
The primary limitation of polymerase-driven labeling of nucleic acids is the absence of absolute control of the amount of label incorporated into a particular sequence. For example, if one desires to label DNA with dCTP-Cy3 and the specific sequence has only a limited number of xe2x80x9cCxe2x80x9d sites, then the resulting labeled oligonucleotide will have relatively few Cy3 molecules and consequently a low specific fluorescence. The present invention overcomes this sequence specific limitation and optimizes the incorporation of the label by polymerase.
The invention provides a method for the preparation and purification of optimally labeled oligonucleotides comprising the steps of (a) preparing a primer; (b) preparing a template oligonucleotide containing a nucleotide sequence complementary to the primer, and a nucleotide repeat region downstream from the complementary region; (c) annealing the template and primer in a suitable reaction medium containing a polymerase, nucleotide triphosphates and label-conjugated nucleotide triphosphates; (d) initiating synthesis of a complementary strand on the template; (e) attaching the oligonucleotide containing a target sequence adjacent to the complementary strand; and (f) purifying the optimally labeled oligonucleotide by any appropriate method.
The invention provides a method for preparing optimally labeled oligonucleotides comprising (a) preparing a template having a primer binding region, a 5xe2x80x2 extension region for the incorporation of label-conjugated nucleotide triphosphates, and a 3xe2x80x2 overhang region; and (b) labeling an oligonucleotide target sequence by denaturing the target sequence, adding excess template, dNTPs and polymerase in a suitable reaction medium.
The invention also provides an oligonucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence complementary to a primer, and a nucleotide repeat region downstream from said complementary sequence, wherein the nucleotide repeat region comprises Nt where Nt is any nucleotide which can form a base pair with a label-conjugated nucleotide triphosphate, and optionally, a plurality of nucleotides, N, which are not capable of forming a base pair with a label-conjugated nucleotide triphosphate.
The invention further provides an optimally labeled oligonucleotide comprising a radiolabeled nucleic acid sequence and a nucleotide repeat region, wherein the nucleotide repeat region comprises Nf where Nf is any nucleotide which is conjugated to a label, and optimally, a plurality of nucleotides, N, which are not conjugated to a label.


Configuration states for a computing device and/or associated peripherals (“profiles”) are stored in one or more non-volatile logic (“NVL”) arrays. Using the non-volatile sub-system for the computing device, triggers for reconfiguration of the respective device or peripherals are provided to an NVL array controller, which controls provision of the new profile(s) for the respective device or peripherals over a dedicated bus to a configuration register that stores the active profiles for the device and associated peripherals.

Processing devices such as microcontroller units ("MCUs") typically have a limited number of modules or peripherals to be controlled by the given MCU. For example, one such device may provide 3 direct memory access ("DMA") channels, 3 enhanced universal serial communication interface ("eUSCI") instances, 1 analog to digital converter ("ADC") instance, and the like. If an application requires more than the instances available on the given MCU, the user has to reconfigure the instances manually by using the device's central processing unit ("CPU") or direct memory access module ("DMAM"), which costs software runtime and therefore increases the energy consumption of the device. Otherwise, the user might not be able to realize the application on the given device, for example, if the application is performance and/or energy sensitive. Additionally, different peripherals or device modules may need different configurations depending on the computing device's state. Providing and updating device and peripheral configurations, however, consumes excess time, energy, computing power, and bus traffic to receive, interpret, and execute reconfiguration of the peripherals.

Nonvolatile logic memory for computing module reconfiguration


An inspection cover arrangement with an inspection mounting and an inspection cover, the inspection mounting including frame sections of aluminum, and the inspection cover having cover sections of aluminum is disclosed. The frame sections are so-to-speak reinforced by steel backup retaining sections and overlapping steel corner angles. The cover sections are reinforced by steel backup sheet strips and overlapping steel corner angles, so that in case of exposure to flame action a steel skeleton remains in place for the inspection mounting as well as for the inspection cover, even if the aluminum sections melt down. Because of this the inspection cover arrangement is distinguished by high resistance to fire or by a long period during which it resists the action of fire.

The invention is directed to an inspection cover arrangement with an inspection frame for installation in walls or ceilings, with an inspection plate insertable into the inspection mounting opening and with at least one snap-in lock for the inspection cover on the rear side of the inspection frame and inspection cover. The inspection frame is comprised of a frame section of aluminum or another material with a melting temperature lower than that of steel. Within the scope of the invention it is basically also possible to utilize a lock other than a snap-in lock, for instance a casement lock.
Components enclosing space volumes must be characterized by adequate resistance against fire and heat according to current standards. Not only walls and ceilings fall under such component items, rather under specific assumptions also inspection covers for wall and ceiling installation. The behavior of such components in fire is among other things defined by the fire resistance time period, meaning the passage of the flame must be prevented for a predetermined time span. In fire retarding components the fire resistance duration must amount to at least 30 minutes, in fireproof components it must amount to at least 90 minutes. Inspection covers of the previously described type (compare DEOS 35 38 757) do not easily satisfy such requirements dealing with fire integrity. Actually, the resistance against flames when subjected to a fire is inadequate, especially if the frame section consists of aluminum or another material, whose melting temperature lies below that of steel. One might consider fabricating the frame sections from steel, however aluminum is lighter in weight and can be processed to closer dimensions. In addition, the existing fabrication jigs and especially the tools, are laid out for processing of aluminum. The invention proceeds from this state of affairs.


A system for electrically connecting a conductor to a track member includes a clamp base, a clamp bolt, and a wire bolt. The clamp base receives part of the track member, and has a threaded throughbore. The clamp bolt includes a spike pin and a body that is threaded for screwing into the clamp base. The body defines a threaded recess. The wire bolt has a longitudinal throughbore, and is threaded for screwing into the recess. When the conductor is positioned through the wire bolt and the wire bolt is screwed into the recess, the wire bolt holds the conductor in place in electrical engagement with the clamp bolt. When the track member part is received in the clamp base and the clamp bolt is screwed through the clamp base, the spike pin bites into the track member for establishing an electrical connection and clamping the clamp base in place.

It is sometimes desired in the rail industry to connect an electrical conductor (e.g., a wire or cable) to a section of railroad track or other conductive guideway over which a rail vehicle travels (referred to generally herein as a "track member"). This might be for purposes of electrically connecting two track members together, or for electrically connecting a track member to a wayside device, such as a track circuit device that transmits and/or receives electrical signals over the track member.
In one method for connecting a conductor to a track member, a hole is drilled through the track member for introducing the conductor. This method, however, is time consuming, requires special equipment, and may be detrimental to track member integrity. Other methods involve using an adhesive or welding to bond a conductor to a track member. These methods, however, require special equipment, specially trained personnel, special preparation of the attachment site, and the resulting bonds are subject to environmental degradation over time.

System for electrically connecting conductor to track member


An exemplary method (600, 700) and apparatus (800) are provided for generating a modified protocol message (414, 423 a, 423b, 424). In some embodiments, a physical layer repeater conducts a repeating operation including receiving a modified protocol signal on a first channel and retransmitting a modified version of the modified protocol signal on a second channel. An exemplary physical layer repeater can include a transceiver (810), a baseband modem (822), and a processor (821) configured to demodulate the modified protocol signal to obtain a first identifier and a first channel identifier and a unique identifier in a modified portion of the signal. The unique identifier and a second channel identifier are retransmitted in a modified version of the signal on the second channel.

Because of the increasing popularity of unrestrained access to broadband services by, for example, portable computing devices, there is an increasing need to extend the range of nodes such as access points associated with wireless networks, including but not limited to WLANs and wireless metropolitan area networks (WMANs) described and specified, for example, in the 802.11, 802.16 and 802.20 standards. The effective proliferation of wireless networks depends heavily on sustaining and increasing performance levels as user demands increase and supporting normal user activities such as movement or "roaming" within coverage areas while preserving connection integrity and quality of service (QoS) parameters.
One common practice in the mobile wireless industry to increase the range of wireless systems is through the use of repeaters. Various repeaters are known in the art operating at layer 1, commonly referred to as the physical layer (PHY), or above layer 1. Operation of a repeater at layers above layer 1, however, can cause significant performance issues when time sensitive data or data associated with high bandwidth applications is being transported by the network or can give rise to other modified in conventional layer 2 or higher operation, security features can be compromised along with a reduction in the overall ease of use.
In particular, an 802.11 repeater can extend the range of a given 802.11 Basic Service Set (BSS) by performing a cross-channel repeating function at the baseband level with little or no signal modulation/demodulation. The benefit of such a simplified approach is that repeating is performed in a very fast, low latency manner, while minimizing the overall silicon requirements for the underlying circuitry, thus providing a relatively inexpensive product solution. It will be appreciated that such repeater solutions works quite well for relatively fixed client stations with RF "visibility" to one of the Access Point (AP) or the repeater node, but not both.
Problems can arise however when the client has visibility to both the AP and the repeater node. In particular, a protocol-related problem arises when clients have clear visibility to both the AP and the repeater node during initialization or when roaming is imminent based on, for example, repeating a beacon frame having an identifier associated with the AP on a channel different from the designated channel. To better understand the problem, it should be noted that a typical repeater, as part of the repeating operation, will repeat an identifier associated with the AP, commonly referred to as the basic service set identifier (BSSID), on a channel other than the original transmit channel associated with the AP. By broadcasting the BSSID of the AP on a channel other than the original channel, one of the basic assumptions of the 802.11 protocol is violated. It should be noted that the basic rules of the protocol are encoded into virtually all 802.11-compliant stations implementations and rely on the uniqueness of the BSSID for identifying the BSS associated with a single channel. As will be appreciated, if only one of the AP or the repeater is visible to the client, the client can operate satisfactorily without knowledge of the protocol violation. If, on the other hand, the client can receive the beacon frame from both the AP and the repeater, problems can ensue as will be described herein below.
To understand the impact of violating the BSSID channel uniqueness assumption, it should be appreciated that in accordance with protocol operation, a table is generally kept of BSSID information including the channel information. Thus, during, for example, the building of a table of known BSSIDs, a table entry for a given BSSID will be created and associated with the first channel that the BSSID is received from. If the same BSSID is received on a different channel, the table entry will be subsequently updated or overwritten with the new channel information. The effect of overwriting the table entry will be to hide the original BSSID channel preventing the roaming client from scanning for optimal channel. The ultimate effect is that the roaming client will always join the BSSID/channel that was scanned most recently, never having the ability to compare additional BSSID/channels to determine which BSSID/channel is a better choice.
It would be desirable therefore for a physical layer repeater that can address and resolve the above identified problems and issues. Resolving these issues in such an exemplary repeater would preferably not result in substantial additional costs or complexity. Further the resolution of the above identified issues should be consistent with continued support of protocol operation, for example, in accordance with the 802.11 protocol or other protocols.

Physical layer repeater with roaming support based on multiple identifiers


An electric wiring system comprising a plurality of electrical members including at least one wire and one enclosure to make a connection between the wire and one of the members, and a conduit support bracket. The enclosure having walls perpendicular to each other with one wall having at least one entrance for the wire. The conduit support bracket having a plate member attached at one end to one of the walls of the enclosure while supporting conduits adjacent its second end.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to the field of wiring systems for the distribution of electricity, particularly in office buildings, hospitals, and other types of public or commercial buildings. More specifically, it relates to simplified means for supporting wiring conduits in accordance with industry standards set forth in the National Electrical Code promulgated by the National Fire Protection Association in order to reduce the hazards associated with fires produced by faulty electrical distribution systems.
2. The Prior Art
Safety regulations require that wires carrying electrical current for operating lighting devices, motors, and other apparatus in buildings be strung safely and securely from each connection point to the next. The regulations require that connection points be within protective enclosures, such as outlet boxes, junction boxes, cabinets, and the like. In commercial buildings, in particular, the wires that extend from one enclosure to the next are routed within a hollow conduit for protection. Each end of each conduit is securely mechanically connected to one of the protective enclosures, unless the distance between two enclosures is so great that two or more conduits must be joined end-to-end to be long enough. Conduit couplings are required in runs longer than 10', consistent with the fact that conduit is typically made in 10' lengths. The wires within such long runs extend through the conduit fittings without interruption.
Conduits are typically rigid tubes having annular cross sections with prescribed cross-sectional dimensions and wall thicknesses, and they may be made of a suitable metallic or non-metallic material, provided such material meets requirements of structural and chemical integrity and is sufficiently resistant to moisture, fire, and corrosive chemical atmospheres.
Whatever the cross-sectional dimensions of a conduit, and whether it be metal or a non-metallic material, the Code states that the conduit must be securely fastened in place. This not only requires that each conduit be securely mechanically fastened to each enclosure at the point of entry, but it also requires that a long run of conduit that spans an open space be supported at least once every so many feet, depending on the type of conduit. For various types of metal conduit, there must be a support at least every 10 feet, with certain exceptions. For non-metallic conduit, the maximum permissible number of feet between supports varies according to the diameter of the conduit; conduit having a diameter in the range from 1/2" to 1" must be supported at least every 3', while conduit having a diameter of 6" need only be supported every 8'.
Of particular importance with respect to this invention is the requirement that each rigid conduit, whatever its diameter and whatever the material of which it is made, must be securely fastened within 3' of each enclosure or other conduit termination.
It is currently the practice, and has been for a long time, to fabricate support structures at a job site to meet all of the regulations for secure support structures. Moreover, the requirement to support conduit within 3' of each enclosure is often met by constructing, out of conveniently available material, a structure much shorter than 3'. Such ad hoc support structures are frequently quite complex, necessitating much cutting and assembly at the installation site, and, as a result, are costly, not only in terms of the amount of material used, but frequently even more so in terms of the amount of labor required to form the parts and to assemble them into a unitary structure and then connect them to the electrical components. Some ad hoc support structures are relatively simple to cut and assemble and may take only a short time to produce, but the number of such structures required in a typical commercial building is so great that the total time devoted to their construction and installation is very likely to be a substantial, though often unrecognized, expense.


The group of inventions relates to the refractory materials industry, in particular to the production of refractory high-strength nonconductive articles of corundum and silicon carbide concretes on an aluminophosphate binder. The objective of the proposed group of inventions is to provide shaped thermoinsulative and thermoconductive concretes based on an aluminophosphate binder with high strength characteristics, enabling the concretes to be used as building and construction materials operating at high temperatures. According to the first variant, the thermoinsulative concrete based on an aluminophosphate binder includes a phosphate binder and a mixture, wherein orthophosphoric acid is used in a concentration of 65-75% as phosphate binder and a mixture of different fractions of 25A grade electrocorundum is used as the mixture. According to the second variant, the thermoconductive concrete based on an aluminophosphate binder comprises a phosphate binder and a mixture, wherein orthophosphoric acid in a concentration of 65-75% is used as phosphate binder, a mixture of 25A grade electrocorundum of 220 fraction and a mixture of 53C grade silicon carbide is used as an additional mixture. The technical result is high strength characteristics, enabling the concretes to be used as building and construction materials operating at high temperatures.

Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2365561 of Dec. 11, 2007, published on Aug. 27, 2009, IPC C04B35/10, describes the following composition. A body for producing refractory thermoinsulative materials and products comprises a binder based on aluminophosphates and the charge mixture in the form of a mixture of refractory filler material selected from the group consisting of alumina and aluminosilicates and one or two complex oxides of magnesium, iron, silicon, and aluminum (vermiculite, perlite) selected from the group with the following mixing ratio, % wt: charge mixture—35-85; phosphate suspension—15-65. Aluminoboronphosphate-based binder or aluminochromephosphate-based binder with aluminosilicate refractory filler of 0.125-0 mm fraction amounting to 0.1-15% from the suspension weight with the following mixing ratio of the charge: for a mixture of refractory filler with perlite, weight fractions are 1.0 and 0.04-4.0, respectively; for a mixture of refractory filler with vermiculite, weight fractions are 1.0 and 0.05-2.5, respectively; for a mixture of refractory filler with perlite and vermiculite, the weight fractions are 1.0—for filler, 3.95-0.05 for perlite, and 0.05-2.45 for vermiculite.
Disadvantages of the Composition:
                When firing the mixture, aluminophosphate-based binder always emits low-temperature materials, such as chrome, boron, leading to contamination of products and lining;        Aluminum silicates and aluminum oxides belong to different groups in terms of chemical reaction with phosphate binders and dramatically reduce the performance of the resulting crystalline aluminum orthophosphate in the form of a binder.
Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2365562 of Jul. 13, 2007, published on Aug. 27, 2009, IPC C04B35/66, C04B35/103, describes the following composition. The refractory material composition contains the following % wt: graphite 5÷8; phosphate plasticizer 5÷10; grained refractory particulate filler from the white fused alumina group, fireclay with grain size of less than 63 μm 4÷25; organic fibers 0.05÷0.15; waste products of carbon ferrochrome 2÷6; particulate filler from the white fused alumina group, silicon carbide, or fireclay with grain size of 6÷0.5 mm constitute the rest.
The refractory mixture has the following disadvantages. The presence of graphite and organic fibers that increase the mixture porosity in the subsequent firing substantially reduces homogeneity of the mixture because of the different density compared to the filler material. During firing of the mixture, its combustion waste pollutes and increases thermal and electrical conductivity.
Particulate filler composition comprised of electrocorundum, silicon carbides, and aluminosilicates cannot be homogenised at the required fire resistance, thermal conductivity, and strength characteristics.
Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2245864 of Jul. 9, 2003, published on Feb. 10, 2005, IPC C04B35/106, describes the following composition which was selected as a prototype for this study. In preparation of the charge, the surface of spheroid particles of electrocorundum filler is wetted out with oleic or stearic acid in an amount of 0.5-1.0% of the total amount of phosphate binder. During mixing, phosphate binder and finely-divided intergrinding mixture containing the following components, % wt: Al2O3 —47-80 ZrO2—SiO2 —20-53, are incorporated discretely, with the following components in the charge mixture, % wt:                Electrocorundum filler—50-70        Finely-divided intergrinding mixture—30-50        Phosphate binder in addition to 100% 5-10.
The blank parts are air-hardened and the charge mixture is homogenized, shaped, fired at a temperature of zircon concentrate decomposition, and cooled during isothermal holding in the temperature range of 1100-900° C. A fractional composition of electrocorundum filler is in the range of 0.1-3 mm. The particle size of the finely-divided intergrinding mixture is 0.002-0.005 mm. Phosphoric acid is used as a phosphate binder.
Disadvantages of the Composition:
The presence of finely-divided aggregate in the form of ZrO2—SiO2 which is neutral to phosphoric acid dramatically reduces the strength.

Thermoinsulative and thermoconductive concretes based on an aluminophosphate binder (variants)


The present invention relates to a dielectric device that is suitable for miniaturization and height reduction and is surface-mountable. In a resonator unit Q1, a first hole 41 is provided to a dielectric substarate 1, extends from a surface 21 toward a surface 22 opposite thereto, opens in the surface 21, and has a first internal conductor 61 in the interior. A second hole 51 is provided to the dielectric substarate 1, opens in a surface 23 adjacent to the surface 21, extends from the surface 23 toward a surface 24 opposite thereto, and is connected with the first hole 41 in the interior of the dielectric substarate 1. The second hole 51 has a second internal conductor 81 in the interior, and the second internal conductor 81 is connected to the first internal conductor 61 in the interior of the dielectric substarate 1.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a dielectric resonator, and also to dielectric devices such as dielectric filters or duplexers composed therefrom.
2. Description of the Related Art
Such dielectric devices are used in high-frequency range such as sub-microwave band, microwave band, millimeter wave bands, and sub-millimeter wave band. More specific examples of applications include satellite communication devices, mobile communication devices, wireless communication devices, high-frequency communication devices, or base stations for such communication devices.
In conventional practice, resonators and dielectric filters used in portable phones and the like are commonly structured by combining a plurality of resonating components having one through-hole provided to a dielectric substarate, and the resonator length is commonly obtained by dividing a quarter of a wavelength xcex of the free space by the square root of the relative dielectric constant of the material constituting the dielectric substarate.
When composing a dielectric filter, either a plurality of resonators is connected by a separately prepared coupled circuit, or a plurality of through-holes is provided from one side to the exterior of an approximately rectangular dielectric substarate, the external surfaces excluding the open surface and the interiors of the through-holes are metallized, and the through-holes are fashioned into resonating components.
In the case of a dielectric filter that uses the dielectric substarate, an additional device such as a capacitor is added to the resonating component and a conductive pattern is formed on the open surface, yielding an additional element. Furthermore, by forming a groove, recess, or the like on the dielectric substarate itself, the balance of the electromagnetic coupling distribution is intentionally upset, and a configuration such as one coupled by an electric field or a magnetic field can be employed.
However, with conventional resonators and dielectric filters, when the goal is to shorten the resonator length in order to miniaturize the device, the load capacity must be formed separately, as described above, and configurations in which an additional device has been added to the resonator have a large number of components and are unsuitable for miniaturization.
Furthermore, with configurations in which a capacitor or the like is formed on the open surface of the resonator according to the conductor pattern, a complex and accurate conductive pattern must be formed on the open surface of the dielectric substarate, and miniaturization and height reduction will increase manufacturing costs and adversely affect the yield rate.
One of the features of the present invention is to provide a dielectric device suitable for miniaturization and height reduction.
Another feature of the present invention is to provide a surface-mountable dielectric device.
In order to achieve the above-described features, the dielectric device relating to the present invention comprises a dielectric substarate and at least one resonator unit. The dielectric substrate has an external conductor film on a first surface and other external surfaces.
The resonator unit comprises a first hole and a second hole. The first hole is provided to the dielectric substarate, has one end being open in the first surface, and extends from the first surface toward an external surface opposite thereto. The first hole has a first internal conductor in the interior, the first internal conductor being separated from the external conductor film on the first surface by a gap.
The second hole is provided to the dielectric substarate, has one end being open in an external surface not opposing the first surface, and is connected with the other end of the first hole in the interior of the dielectric substarate. The second hole also has a second internal conductor in the interior. One end of the second internal conductor is connected to the first internal conductor in the interior of the dielectric substarate, and the other end is connected to the external conductor film.
As described above, in the dielectric device relating to the present invention, the resonator unit comprises a first hole and a second hole, wherein a new hole configuration can be obtained in which the second hole intersects with the first hole at the other end opposing the open end.
In this new hole configuration, the first internal conductor provided to the first hole and the second internal conductor provided to the second hole are mutually connected.
Since the first internal conductor of the first hole faces the external conductor film via a dielectric layer composed of the dielectric substarate, a large electrostatic capacitance is generated between the first internal conductor film and the external conductor film. Therefore, the dielectric device relating to the present invention resonates at a frequency that is less than the electric length in relation to the length of the dielectric substarate, as seen from the axial direction of the second hole. In other words, miniaturization and height reduction can be achieved by shortening the length of the dielectric substarate in order to obtain the desired resonant frequency.
The dielectric device relating to the present invention can be used as an device with extensive coverage for a resonator, an oscillator, a dielectric filter, or a duplexer (also referred to as a antenna duplexer). The device may be completed with one resonator unit when used as a resonator. The device features a plurality of resonator units when used as a dielectric filter or duplexer.
When the device is used as a dielectric filter or duplexer, in addition to the length of the dielectric substarate being reduced for the aforementioned reasons, the interval between the first holes in two adjacent resonator units can be used to create capacitive coupling between the adjacent resonator units. Moreover, the capacitive coupling can be adjusted to the desired degree of coupling by adjusting the interval between the first holes in two adjacent resonator units. The electric coupling between adjacent resonator units can also be adjusted by either removing or adding conductors in the vicinity of the opening of the first internal conductor.
An inductive coupling can be substantially created between two adjacent resonator units using the capacitance between the first hole and the external conductor film provided to the dielectric substarate. This inductive coupling can also be adjusted to have the desired degree of inductive coupling by adjusting the interval between the first hole and the external conductor film provided to the dielectric substarate.
Furthermore, the device comprises a first terminal and a second terminal when used as a dielectric filter, and these terminals are used as input/output terminals. The first terminal can be provided at a position opposing the first hole provided to one of the resonator units via a dielectric layer of the dielectric substarate. The second terminal is provided at a position opposing the first hole provided to another resonator unit via a dielectric layer. Both the first and second terminals are insulated from the external conductor.
According to the previously described structure, the first and second terminals are capable of being mounted on a mount board. The first and second terminals may be provided to the external surface, provided to the first surface, or provided extending over two adjacent surfaces. Furthermore, the first and second terminals may be provided such that they form a capacitive coupling with the second internal conductor.
The device comprises at least three resonator units and first through third terminals when used as a duplexer. The first through third terminals are affixed to different resonator units and are used as an antenna connection terminal, a receiver terminal, and a transmitter terminal. According to the previously described structure, the first through third terminals are capable of being mounted on a mount board.
Additional objects, structures, and merits of the present invention are described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is apparent, however, that the technological scope of the present invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiments.


This wheel comprises a plurality of vanes (2) arranged on a crown (3) and is equipped with a tip-forming member (10) attached to a central region (32) of the crown or hub of the wheel (1), radially inside the vanes (2), the crown defining a wet surface (31) for guiding a flow (E) passing between the vanes. The tip-forming member (10) is provided with at least one opening (121) for diverting a fraction (E1) of the flow towards the internal volume (V10) of this member. This member comprises a frustoconical annular skirt (11) and at least one fin (15) arranged in its internal volume (V10) and able to modify the path of the flow fraction (E1) entering this volume through the opening (121). This fin (15) extends as far as the edge (112) of the skirt (11) which defines an outlet opening (14) of the member (10) for the flow fraction (E1).

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a Francis-type wheel of a hydraulic machine equipped with a tip-forming member which in the main extends the crown of the wheel. The invention also relates to a method of reducing the fluctuations in a flow interacting with such a wheel.
2. Brief Description of the Related Art
Previously disclosed in the field of hydraulic turbines, in particular Francis-type turbines, is the equipment of the downstream region of the crown of a wheel with an axisymmetric member, often referred to as a "tip", the external surface of which substantially extends the wetted surface of the crown of the wheel having a diameter which may reduce in the downstream direction. This member or "tip" extends the guiding of the flow into proximity with the axis of rotation of the wheel. Similarly previously disclosed is the use of guiding members or tips in turbine pumps and other paddle turbines.
In previously disclosed hydraulic turbines, the flow crossing the wheel may give rise to eddies or turbulence phenomena, commonly referred to as "torches", which, under certain loadings, are in the form of a "corkscrew". These turbulence phenomena in the form of a torch are troublesome to the extent that they cause fluctuations in pressure and/or power which can adversely affect the stability of the network that is fed by the machine as well as the mechanical outputs of this machine.
Previously disclosed in WO-A-2005/038243 is the use of a tip comprising two surfaces, respectively convergent and divergent in the direction of an axis of rotation of the wheel, which permits the turbulence phenomena to be limited to a large degree. Turbulence phenomena remain present at certain speeds, however, and the present invention proposes an alternative solution permitting these turbulence phenomena to be eliminated or greatly reduced.
Also previously disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 2,758,815 is the arrangement of small-diameter bores in the form of a tip to permit recirculation, inside the tip of a Francis-type wheel, from the bottom towards the top, for a Francis-type wheel having a vertical axis. A quantity of water exits from the tip via these openings in such a way as to constitute jets deflected towards the downstream direction by the principal flow passing though the turbine in order to form around the tip a mixed flow zone which constitutes a current ring surrounding the meridian region of the tip. This type of function is not always effective to the extent that the "pumping" effect due to the tip cannot be guaranteed.
Also previously disclosed in FR-A-1 162 872 is the arrangement of a cylindrical tube below a tip of a conical wheel without knowing precisely how the water circulates inside and around this tube. This tube is intended to guide the water after its passage inside the wheel, in such a way that it is caused to extend for a considerable height inside the suction conduit of the installation. The tube limits the output volume of the principal flow as it leaves the wheel, which increases the speed of this flow and, as a consequence, the output losses. Ribs connect the tube mechanically to the conical tip, but without their influence on the path of the flow being quantified. In addition, the tube suspended at the tip substantially increases the overall size of the wheel, which presents difficulties for the installation of the wheel at its place of use.

Francis-type hydraulic turbine wheel equipped with a tip-forming member, and method of reducing fluctuations using such a wheel