Copper (Cu)-to-Cu bonding techniques for high bandwidth interconnects on a bridge chip attached to chips which are further attached to a packaging substrate are provided. In one aspect, a method of forming an interconnect structure is provided. The method includes: bonding individual chips to at least one bridge chip via Cu-to-Cu bonding to form a multi-chip structure; and bonding the multi-chip structure to a packaging substrate via solder bonding, after the Cu-to-Cu bonding has been performed, to form the interconnect structure including the individual chips bonded to the at least one bridge chip and to the packaging substrate. A structure formed by the method is also provided.

In heterogeneous integration for artificial intelligence workloads, it is important for inter-chip communication to occur at high bandwidths. In some configurations, this inter-chip communication has to occur while chips are connected to a packaging substrate.
In order to enable chips to communicate with each other with relatively low power losses while attached to a packaging substrate, a connection or bridge chip can be used. The bridge chip can then be used for connection to the main logic or memory chips to enable high speed connections. Such a scheme requires copper (Cu)-to-Cu or similar interface rather than a conventional solder joint.
However, most multiple-chip combinations use solder on some of the chips for joining to the packaging substrate. This solder typically has a low melting point, e.g., of from about 221° C. to about 230° C. Cu-to-Cu bonding is often carried out at temperatures greater than or equal to about 300° C. Thus, existing solder bonds would be rendered molten during the Cu-to-Cu bonding process, causing solder reflow and movement across the chip surface. Solder reflow is a is of particular concern when the solder connections are not encased in a protective encapsulant, i.e., an underfill.
Thus, improved techniques for forming high bandwidth interconnects of chips connected to a packaging substrate with a bridge chip and Cu-to-Cu bonding would be desirable.

Cu—Cu bonding for interconnects on bridge chip attached to chips and packaging substrate


Techniques for stack object order traversal and manipulation are described, including presenting an object preview panel having objects, each of the objects being associated with at least one stack object presented in a document panel, and performing an operation associated with at least one of the stack objects, the operation including accessing a stack object data file and a document file, where the operation is initiated in the object preview panel and performed in the document panel.

Working with documents (i.e., any type of file or data structure that includes other data) typically involves working with various types of objects (e.g., data that, when rendered, generates graphics, images, photos, text, multimedia, or other content or information) embedded or otherwise included within documents. Different types of documents and objects often involve managing overlapping objects (i.e., the objects are stacked or are configured so as to overlap partially, substantially, or entirely) using authoring, editing, or other types of applications. However, conventional solutions are problematic.
Some conventional solutions used for object design, editing, or authoring are problematic in that users must individually isolate or deconstruct a stack or group of objects in order to select and edit a particular object. Users must move or re-arrange overlapping objects in order to isolate an object in order to select the object and modify any associated attributes. Experienced users often use a combination of keyboard hot keys and mouse events (i.e., "clicks") to traverse the hierarchy of a stack of objects. However, this requires a significant amount of user experience and expertise. Thus, conventional solutions to isolate and modify attributes of objects are time and labor-intensive when working with content such as overlapping objects. Further, when additions, deletions, or other modifications are made to objects or documents, conventional solutions do not provide the ability to preview these modifications. In other words, conventional solutions are also problematic due to a lack of ability to preview changes before being made to a document or object. If a user is editing objects within a document, the user must first make the changes before deciding whether they are desirable (i.e., to keep them). If the changes are not desirable, a user must undo the changes, resulting in lost and unnecessary time and effort. In other words, conventional solutions do not allow users to preview changes in a time and labor-efficient manner.
Thus, a solution for performing operations on objects in documents without the limitations of conventional techniques is needed.

Stack objects order traversal and manipulation


The present invention provides a protein scaffold, such as an avian pancreatic polypeptide, that can be modified by substitution of two or more amino acid residues that are exposed on the alpha helix domain of the polypeptide when the polypeptide is in a tertiary form.

Many proteins recognize nucleic acids, other proteins or macromolecular assemblies using a partially exposed alpha helix. Within the context of a native protein fold, such alpha helices are usually stabilized by extensive tertiary interactions with residues that may be distant in primary sequence from both the alpha helix and from each other. With notable exceptions (Armstrong et al., (1993) J. Mol. Biol. 230, 284-291), removal of these tertiary interactions destabilizes the alpha helix and results in molecules that neither fold nor function in macromolecular recognition (Zondlo & Schepartz, (1999) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121, 6938-6939). The ability to recapitulate or perhaps even improve on the recognition properties of an alpha helix within the context of a small molecule should find utility in the design of synthetic mimetics or inhibitors of protein function (Cunningham et al., (1997) Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 7, 457-462) or new tools for proteomics research.
Two fundamentally different approaches have been taken to bestow alpha helical structure on otherwise unstructured peptide sequences. One approach makes use of modified amino acids or surrogates that favor helix initiation (Kemp et al., (1991) J. Org. Chem. 56, 6683-6697) or helix propagation (Andrews & Tabor, (1999) Tetrahedron 55, 11711-11743; Blackwell & Grubbs, (1998) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Eng. 37, 3281-3284; Schafmeister et al., (2000) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122, 5891-5892). Perhaps the greatest success has been realized by joining the i and i+7 positions of a peptide with a long-range disulfide bond to generate molecules whose helical structure was retained at higher temperatures (Jackson et al., (1991) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113, 9391-9392). A second approach (Cunningham et al., (1997) Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 7,457-462; Nygren, (1997) Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 7, 463-469), is to pare the extensive tertiary structure surrounding a given recognition sequence to generate the smallest possible molecule possessing function. This strategy has generated minimized versions of the Z domain of protein A (fifty-nine amino acids) and atrial natriuretic peptide (twenty-eight amino acids). The two minimized proteins, at thirty-three and fifteen amino acids, respectively, displayed high biological activity (Braisted & Wells, (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA 93, 5688-5692; Li et al., (1995) Science 270, 1657-1660). Despite this success, it is difficult to envision a simple and general application of this truncation strategy in the large number of cases where the alpha helical epitope is stabilized by residues scattered throughout the primary sequence.
In light of this limitation, a more flexible approach to protein minimization called protein grafting has been employed. Schematically, protein grafting involves removing residues required for molecular recognition from their native alpha helical context and grafting them on the scaffold provided by small yet stable proteins. Numerous researchers have engineered protein scaffolds to present binding residues on a relatively small peptide carrier. These scaffolds are small polypeptides onto which residues critical for binding to a selected target can be grafted. The grafted residues are arranged in particular positions such that the spatial arrangement of these residues mimics that which is found in the native protein. These scaffolding systems are commonly referred to as miniproteins. A common feature is that the binding residues are known before the miniprotein is constructed.
Examples of these miniproteins include the thirty-seven amino acid protein charybdotoxin (Vita et al., (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92, 6404-6408; Vita et al., (1998) Biopolymers 47, 93-100) and the thirty-six amino acid protein, avian pancreatic peptide (Zondlo & Schepartz, (1999) Am. Chem. Soc. 121, 6938-6939). Avian pancreatic polypeptide (aPP) is a polypeptide in which residues fourteen through thirty-two form an alpha helix stabilized by hydrophobic contacts with an N-terminal type II polyproline (PPII) helix formed by residues one through eight. Because of its small size and stability, aPP is an excellent scaffold for protein grafting of alpha helical recognition epitopes (Zondlo & Schepartz, (1999) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121, 6938-6939).

Modified avian pancreatic polypeptide miniature binding proteins


Provided are a holographic recording medium, a method for adding address information to the holographic recording medium, and a method for addressing that can identify two-dimensional information pages by a simple addressing operation. In the holographic recording medium 12, two-dimensional information pages 40A, . . . each comprising multiple pixels are multiplexed and holographically recorded. A plurality of pixels in each of the two-dimensional information pages 40A, . . . form address pixels, and a set of the address pixels form an address information region 42A, . . . . The address information region 42A, . . . is disposed at a different position in the two-dimensional information page 40A, . . . on a two-dimensional information page basis or on a page group basis comprising a plurality of two-dimensional information pages.

In holographic recording that uses holography to record information into a recording medium, a laser beam from, for example, a laser diode is split into an object beam and a reference beam, and information is recorded into a holographic recording medium by an interference pattern formed by the reference beam and an information beam obtained by modulating the object beam.
When reproducing the recorded information, the reference beam is irradiated to the holographic recording medium, whereby the information is reproduced by the diffraction from the interference pattern.
As one of the above-described holographic recording media, there is a holographic recording medium described in, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2002-251745, in which two-dimensional information pages used for recording two-dimensional patterns based on the information to be recorded, each capable of holographic recording and comprising multiple pixels, are provided in multiplexed form.
To address the above-described two-dimensional information pages in which two-dimensional patterns are recorded, in the information recording medium described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2002-251745, address information that is holographic information is recorded at a specific site in each of the two-dimensional information pages.
In the optical information recording medium described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. Hei 11-911936, address information is recorded on a reflective surface of the reflective substrate outside the hologram layer.
When address information is recorded in a hologram layer as described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2002-251745, there is the problem that the addressing operation becomes complicated.
When address information is recorded outside a hologram layer as described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. Hei 11-311936, there is the problem that a positional error between the hologram and address information tends to occur.

Holographic recording medium, method for adding address information to same, and method of addressing


A compressor apparatus includes: a rotor including: a disk mounted for rotation about a centerline axis, an outer periphery of the disk defining a flowpath surface having an non-axisymmetric surface profile; an array of airfoil-shaped axial-flow compressor blades extending radially outward from the flowpath surface, wherein the compressor blades each have a root, a tip, a leading edge, and a trailing edge; and an array of airfoil-shaped splitter blades alternating with the compressor blades, wherein the splitter blades each have a root, a tip, a leading edge, and a trailing edge; and wherein at least one of a chord dimension of the splitter blades at the roots thereof and a span dimension of the splitter blades is less than the corresponding dimension of the compressor blades.

This invention relates generally to turbomachinery compressors and more particularly relates to rotor blade stages of such compressors.
A gas turbine engine includes, in serial flow communication, a compressor, a combustor, and turbine. The turbine is mechanically coupled to the compressor and the three components define a turbomachinery core. The core is operable in a known manner to generate a flow of hot, pressurized combustion gases to operate the engine as well as perform useful work such as providing propulsive thrust or mechanical work. One common type of compressor is an axial-flow compressor with multiple rotor stages each including a disk with a row of axial-flow airfoils, referred to as compressor blades.
For reasons of thermodynamic cycle efficiency, it is generally desirable to incorporate a compressor having the highest possible pressure ratio (that is, the ratio of inlet pressure to outlet pressure). It is also desirable to include the fewest number of compressor stages. However, there are well-known inter-related aerodynamic limits to the maximum pressure ratio and mass flow possible through a given compressor stage.
It is known to configure the disk with a non-axisymmetric "scalloped" surface profile to reduce mechanical stresses in the disk. An aerodynamically adverse side effect of this feature is to increase the rotor blade row through flow area and aerodynamic loading level promoting airflow separation.
Accordingly, there remains a need for a compressor rotor that is operable with sufficient stall range and an acceptable balance of aerodynamic and structural performance.

Axial compressor rotor incorporating non-axisymmetric hub flowpath and splittered blades


A construction machine comprises an electric motor/generator coupled to an electricity accumulator, an engine, a transmission coupled to drive wheels, an epicyclic gearing for coupling an output shaft of the electric motor/generator, an output shaft of the engine, and an input shaft of the transmission, the engine torque and/or the generator torque being transmitted to drive wheels, a clutch for directly coupling two among the output shaft of the electric motor/generator, the output shaft of the engine, and the input shaft of the transmission, and a controller configured to, under a condition in which the clutch is in an off-state, control engine speed based on the degree to which the accelerator is open and on the amount of electricity in the electricity accumulator, to control shifting of the transmission gear position based on the accelerator opening degree, operational state of the generator, and the electricity amount.

A construction machine such as a wheel loader does not frequently drive continuously at a constant speed. Therefore, the construction machine requires driving capability different from that of general vehicles such as automobiles.
FIGS. 50A to 50F are plan views showing a V-patterned operation which occupies a large part of the operation of the wheel loader. As shown in FIG. 50A, a wheel loader 100 is driving forward toward dirt (earth) 102 to shovel the dirt 102. Then, as shown in FIG. 50B, the wheel loader 100 is shoveling the dirt 102. In this case, the wheel loader needs a great traction force in a range from zero speed to a very low speed (stall mode).
After completing shoveling the dirt 102, the wheel loader 100 is driving backward and then forward toward a truck 101 as shown in FIG. 50C (switch back). Then, as shown in FIG. 50D, the wheel loader 100 is driving forward toward the truck 101. Then, as shown in FIG. 50E, the wheel loader 100 is loading the dirt 102 into the truck 101.
After completing loading the dirt 102 into the truck 101, the wheel loader 100 is driving backward and then forward toward the dirt 102 again (switch back) as shown in FIG. 50F.
In the above mentioned V-patterned operation, a great traction force is needed in a very low-speed range, or acceleration and deceleration must be repeated and the switch back must be repeated in a low-speed range. Such a need is unique to the construction machine.
In recent years, attention has been focused on hybrid vehicles, which include a combination of an engine and an electric motor/generator, and a variety of associated devices have been developed. By way of example, Japanese Patent No. 3344848 discloses a starting device for hybrid vehicles (hereinafter referred to as Prior Art Example 1) and Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application Publication No. Hei. 9-14385 discloses a driving device for hybrid vehicles (hereinafter referred to as Prior Art Example 2).
In the Prior Art Example 1, a target rotational speed of gears coupled to an output shaft of an engine is determined based on the extent to which the accelerator is actuated, and an electric rotation device is driven to generate a braking torque, thereby controlling the electric motor/generator so that the rotational speed of the gears becomes the set target rotational speed. With such a configuration, the vehicle can be started efficiently.
In the Prior Art Example 2, ring gears of an epicyclic gearing are coupled to an electric motor/generator, a sun gear of the epicyclic gearing is coupled to the engine, and drive power is output from a carrier of the epicyclic gearing to drive wheels, while two of the ring gears, the carrier, and the sun gear are integrally coupled at the point in time when their coupling rotational speeds become equal, and are integrally rotated at the coupling rotational speed or higher. With such a configuration, the vehicle is able to start smoothly.
To obtain the above mentioned driving capability which is unique to the construction machine, wheel loaders of medium and larger sizes are typically equipped with torque converters. FIG. 51 is a graph showing the relationship between torque ratio and efficiency, and torque ratio and absorption torque coefficient, with respect to speed ratio of the torque converter. FIG. 52 is a graph showing the relationship between input torque of the torque converter and engine speed.
Turning to FIG. 51, it is confirmed that the torque converter has a low efficiency as a whole and a very low efficiency particularly in a low-speed ratio (see R1 region). As described above, the wheel loader requires driving capability in the low-speed range, such as acceleration, deceleration, stall, or switch back, and drives more frequently in the low efficiency region of the torque converter. Therefore, efficiency of the torque converter in the low-speed range must be improved.
Turning to FIG. 52, a transmitted torque depends on the rotational speed of the input shaft (output shaft of the engine). Therefore, it is confirmed that the transmitted torque is smaller when the engine speed is lower (see R2 region). For this reason, during the acceleration, a sufficient torque cannot be transmitted before the engine speed rises. This is disadvantageous to the construction machine which repeats acceleration and deceleration within a short distance.
In the construction machine such as the wheel loader which is configured as a hybrid vehicle, to obtain driving capability which is equal to or higher than that obtained using the torque converter, an engine torque, a motor/generator torque, and upshifting or downshifting of a gear position must be controlled mainly in a state where a direct-coupling clutch is in an off-state in a low-speed range.
Whereas in the Prior Art Example 1 and the Prior Art Example 2, control is executed during a period from when the vehicle is in a stopped state until the direct-coupling clutch is turned on or brought into engagement, the control for the engine torque, the motor/generator torque, and the upshifting or downshifting of the gear position is not executed in a state where the direct-coupling clutch is not turned on or in a disengagement state. For this reason, it is difficult to attain a hybrid construction machine using the Prior Art Examples 1 and 2.

Construction machine and control method thereof


An optimal printing speed and orientation for an object to be manufactured using an additive manufacturing process in which a photo-curable resin is cured through exposure to radiation are estimated by determining, for pixel maps defining cross-sections of the object, a critical size of a convolution kernel which provides an activation map having a maximum activation pixel value less than or equal to a predetermined threshold value. For each respective pixel map, a printing time is estimated as a function of adjusted base lift velocity and base lift height of the printing apparatus. The optimal printing speed and orientation are then estimated as a minimum value of a sum of a function of printing times for all respective pixel maps of the cross-sections of the object at each of a plurality of possible orientations of the object.

Within the field of additive manufacturing, so-called three-dimensional printing, or 3D printing, by means of photo-curing a viscous, liquid resin (typically a liquid polymer) layer-by-layer to form a desired object has become very popular. Within this field, it is known that aspects of the quality of the object under fabrication are sensitive to printing speed. Printing speed (or, more generally, manufacturing time) is dependent upon the speed of polymerization of the photo-curable resin (e.g., under exposure to UV light), but for a given resin it is also dependent upon the orientation of the object under fabrication.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Optimizing print speed and orientation for 3D printing based on multiscale convolutions


A computer-implemented authentication method, the method comprising: matching a brain pattern sequence with a predetermined password to allow access to a system, wherein the brain pattern sequence is calculated by analyzing a signal slope of a slope threshold of the brain activity to determine a timing and a duration of the brain activity.

The present invention relates generally to an authentication method, and more particularly, but not by way of limitation, to a system, method, and computer program product for using human brain signals to recognize individual identity by decoding brain activities into brain pattern sequences.
There are various biometric identification systems, such as fingerprint identification, hand geometry, palm vein authentication, retina scan, iris scan, face recognition, signature, voice analysis, etc. However, these methods have many shortcomings such as the passwords can be faked. Indeed, even if the owner dies, parts of his body can be used to obtain authentication. Thus, there is a need in the art to utilize human brain signals for identity recognition.

Electroencephalography (EEG) based authentication

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION


A garden hose spout having a hand compressible bellowed conduit provides convenient and precise control over water flow.

The present invention relates generally to gardening apparatus and particularly to a garden hose spout.
Garden hose spouts, or nozzles, differ in cost, complexity and capability. A common garden hose nozzle is a spray gun which attaches to a garden hose and includes a handle and opposing trigger. A user grasps the handle and moves the trigger with one hand to control the volume and spray pattern of water exiting the nozzle. This form of garden hose nozzle provides convenient control, but necessarily includes mechanisms for coupling the trigger to a valve and structural elements forming the handle and trigger. These features contribute to manufacturing cost and complexity of the device.
A second type of garden hose nozzle has an outer sleeve which rotates to control the volume and spray pattern of water exiting the nozzle. The operator uses both hands to control the sleeve type nozzle. The sleeve type nozzle is less complex, but also less convenient than the spray gun type.
A third type of nozzle is a perforated can connectable to a garden hose. Water enters the can from the hose and escapes through the perforations in a multi-stream spray pattern. While simple and inexpensive to produce, the can-type garden hose nozzle offers little control over water flow.
A fourth type of garden hose nozzle is a rigid cone shaped conduit providing a small volume, high velocity output stream with no volume or spray pattern adjustability.
Thus, complex relatively expensive garden hose nozzles provide convenient control over water flow. Less complex, less expensive garden hose nozzles do not provide convenient control. Accordingly, it is desirable for a less complex or less expensive garden hose nozzle to provide convenient and precise control over water flow.


A head demagnetizing device has an overall configuration similar to a standard cassette. Within the case is a demagnetizing electromagnet disposed such that it will be juxtaposed to the head to be demagnetized when the cassette-type device is inserted within a tape recorder. Also included in the case are an electrical system for exciting the electromagnet, a switch for connecting the electromagnet to the circuit for exciting the electromagnet, and an operating member that slides with respect to the electromagnet to activate the switch.

This invention relates to a magnetic head-demagnetizing device for demagnetizing a recording and reproducing head of a cassette-type tape recorder.
Japanese patent application Examined Publication No. 10765/83 discloses a magnetic head-demagnetizing device of the cassette-type in which a demagnetizing electromagnet is urged toward and retracted away from a recording and reproducing head. In such a device, the demagnetizing electromagnet is relatively heavy and is moved forward (i.e., toward the head) and backward (away from the head). Thus, a mechanism for moving the demagnetizing electromagnet is rather complicated, and the demagnetizing electromagnet sometimes fails to move smoothly. In addition, the electromagnet may be obliquely retracted and make improper contact with the magnetic head. Further, the conventional device needs a complicated cover corresponding in shape to the demagnetizing electromagnet to prevent the magnetic head from direct contact with the demagnetizing electromagnet.

Cassette device for demagnetizing the magnetic head in a cassette-type recorder


A digital magazine server generates a model to associate topics with content items. To generate the model, the digital magazine server selects a set of content items that have been included in one or more digital magazines. For each content item of the set, the digital magazine server determines a distribution of concepts associated with a content item of the set based on characteristics of digital magazines including the content item of the set and a distribution of topics associated with the content item of the set based on words included in the content item. Additionally, the digital magazine server determines a parameter defining a relationship between the distributions of concepts and the distributions of topics associated with content items of the set. A model based on the distributions of concepts and of topics as well as the parameter is generated and stored for application to content items.

This invention relates generally to selecting content for inclusion in a digital magazine and more specifically to determining topics associated with content items received by a digital magazine server.
An increasing amount of content is provided to users through digital distribution channels. While this allows users to more easily access a range of content, the increasing amount of content often makes it difficult for a user to identify content most likely to be of interest to the user. Various techniques to recommend content to users are based on the user's interactions with content items presented by an online system, such as a website or a social networking system. However, the large volume of content items maintained by various online systems makes it challenging for online systems to identify content items to analyze for recommendation to a user and to recommend content items to the user.
Online systems presenting content items to users often correlate topics with content items and subsequently use those topics to present content items to various users. For example, based on topics correlated with content items previously presented to a user, an online system subsequently presents to the user other content items correlated with one or more matching topics. However, when an online system obtains a significant number of content items with which a diverse array of topics may be unevenly correlated (e.g., certain topics are correlated with large numbers of content items, while fewer topics are correlated with relatively small numbers of content items), conventional methods for correlating topics with content items are more concerned with discriminating between topics rather than identifying relationships between topics. Additionally, many conventional techniques for correlating topics with content items are computationally intensive.

Generating a model associating topics with content items based on characteristics of digital magazines including a set of content items and words in content items of the set


A rubber bearing with an approximately cylindrical reinforcing element made of one or more insert parts, with each part extending in the axial direction of the bearing. The one or more insert parts are vulcanized into an elastomer of a bearing body between an inner and outer surface of the bearing body. The one or more insert parts having adjacent edges extending axially parallel with a non-straight, mutually complementary edge profile. An intermediate space formed between the adjacent edges of the one or more parts is filled with the elastomer of the bearing body.

The present invention pertains to a rubber bearing with one or more reinforcing elements vulcanized into the elastomer of the bearing body, wherein the approximately cylindrical reinforcing element or reinforcing elements comprises/comprise one or more insert parts. The reinforcing element or optionally the reinforcing elements is/are arranged in the elastomer around the bearing axis and it reinforces/they reinforce the bearing especially with respect to radially acting forces. They consist of, e.g., a hard plastic or sheet metal. The deformation characteristics of the bearing can be specifically influenced by the number of reinforcing elements as well as their material and their dimensioning in terms of the thickness of the material. If the bearing has a plurality of reinforcing elements, these are integrated in the elastomeric bearing body at differently spaced locations from the bearing axis.
The present invention pertains to bearings in which the reinforcing elements have adjacent edges extending axially in parallel due to their shape or, in the case of reinforcing elements of a multipart design, due to the arrangement of the insert parts. In the case of reinforcing elements of a multipart design, there are such edges in the transition area between the individual insert parts. On the other hand, there are bearings in which the reinforcing element has a one-part design, but it has a slot or cut extending in the axial longitudinal direction of the bearing, so that two axially parallel edges are formed here as well. The slot makes possible the opening or folding open of the bearing body and thus simplifies its mounting on a rod to be mounted therein.
Rubber bearings are used in large numbers in the automobile industry. These bearings, in which the bearing body has a longitudinal slot, are used here, e.g., to mount stabilizers, i.e., torsion rods, which are used to reduce the tilt of the vehicle body in curves in order to prevent the oversteering of the vehicle during travel in a curve. Depending on the design specifications, slide bearings or prior-art bearings without slidable bearing inner surfaces are used for mounting the stabilizers or torsion rods.
A corresponding bearing suitable for mounting stabilizers has already become known through DE 42 04 252 A1. This document describes a plastic bearing, which is designed as a slide bearing. The bearing has a continuous slot in the longitudinal direction through the bearing body in the known manner. The reinforcing element is formed by an insert part made of plastic, which is integrated in the bearing body and has increased hardness compared with the rest of the bearing body. Due to the longitudinal slot traversing both the elastomer and the reinforcing insert, the bearing can be opened by pushing up its half shells for mounting on a stabilizer. After it has been placed on the rod, the bearing body closes because of the elasticity of its material and then surrounds the rod in a ring-shaped manner. In practice, the bearing is subsequently mounted on the vehicle body by means of a strap or the like. The bearing shells are pretensioned against one another by the strap surrounding the bearing.
Another embodiment of such a bearing is described in DE 44 13 666 C1. In the bearing shown in this document, the two bearing half shells have a specially designed web connection on the side located opposite the slot, by which one bearing shell can be tilted by 180xc2x0 in relation to the other around a fulcrum point and the bearing can thus be opened. This bearing also has a reinforcing insert for coordinating its deformation characteristics.
One drawback of the bearings described so far is that axially extending edges of the particular reinforcing element integrated in the bearing body strike each other under cardanic load as a consequence of a relative movement between the half shells after the mounting of the bearing and the subsequent pretensioning of its bearing shells. As a result, the edges rub against one another, which in turn causes undesired noises. A similar situation can also be observed in bearings in which the bearing body is not slotted, but the reinforcing element or reinforcing elements comprises/comprise a plurality of insert parts, which are pretensioned against one another after the mounting.
The technical object of the present invention is therefore to provide a rubber bearing which has one or more reinforcing elements for setting its deformation characteristics and in which no noises are caused by hard parts rubbing against each other under cardanic load despite the presence of mutually adjacent edges of the reinforcing element or reinforcing elements pretensioned against one another.
The rubber bearing according to the present invention comprises in the known manner a bearing body in which one or more one-part or multipart reinforcing elements are vulcanized into the elastomer. These reinforcing elements have adjacent edges extending axially parallel due to their shape or their multipart design in relation to one another. In the manner according to the present invention, the insert parts, which form the reinforcing element or reinforcing elements, are designed such that the edges of the reinforcing element or reinforcing elements, which edges are adjacent to one another and extend axially parallel in the mounted state of the bearing, have a non-straight, mutually complementary edge profile. At the same time, the intermediate spaces formed between the edges based on their profiling are filled with the elastomer. The edges are reliably prevented from rubbing against each other by the elastomer seated between the edges even under higher cardanic load on the bearing. The generation of noise known in the case of bearings designed according to the prior art under such a load is effectively prevented hereby from occurring. According to one embodiment of the bearing, the edges of the insert parts forming the reinforcing element or reinforcing elements, which edges adjoin one another and are consequently adjacent to one another, have a plurality of recesses. Following the basic principle according to the present invention, according to which the edges are profiled in a mutually complementary manner, these recesses are arranged offset in relation to one another relative to two adjacent edges each. In addition, the distances between the recesses are always smaller than the length of the recesses in the opposite edge. As a result, the contours of the two edges mesh with one another, of course, in a comb-like or tooth-like manner, while mechanical uncoupling is achieved at the same time by the elastomer arranged between them. Various profiles are conceivable for designing such toothed edges. Thus, the edges may be profiled by approximately rectangular recesses, but also in a sawtooth-like, trapezoidal or similar manner. The insert parts are additionally prevented from being axially displaced in relation to one another by the toothed meshing of the insert parts.
In the case of a two-part design of the reinforcing clement or reinforcing elements, the insert parts are, moreover, additionally designed such that the two edges of one particular part are also profiled in a mutually complementary manner. As a result, it is possible to use identical insert parts for both halves of the bearing. Based on the design explained above, these can be fitted together regardless of which of their axial ends is rotated in the direction of which axial bearing end during the insertion into the mold used for the vulcanization. For use for mounting rods, e.g., stabilizers, the elastomer of a bearing designed in such a manner has an axial longitudinal slot preferably in the area of the transitions between the insert parts forming the reinforcing element or the reinforcing elements in order to facilitate the mounting of the bearing. However, it is also possible in case of a corresponding design of the elastomer enclosing the insert parts to support the mounting by the elastomer without an axial slot. For example, in a bearing with a reinforcing element comprising two insert parts, the elastomer may have a thin web in the area of the transitions between the two insert parts instead of a continuous slot. As a result, the bearing body can be pulled apart radially for mounting on a rod in the area of these rods and pushed at the same time over the rod in the axial direction. As soon as the forces directed radially outwardly for the pulling apart of the bearing body are no longer present, the bearing surrounds the rod to be mounted closely in the position intended for this.
Another embodiment of the bearing is given by the one-part design of the reinforcing element or reinforcing elements. A reinforcing element is designed in this case quasi as a cylinder jacket, which does, however, have an axially extending slot, which makes it possible to push on or open the bearing, for use as a stabilizer bearing. To additionally support the opening and subsequent closing of the bearing during mounting, slots or recesses likewise extending in the longitudinal direction are arranged in some areas opposite the continuous slot in this embodiment according to a variant of the present invention. The deformation of the entire bearing during mounting is simplified hereby.
Regardless of whether the reinforcing elements have a one-part or multipart design, the surfaces of the insert parts forming them additionally have, moreover, radially circular reinforcing ribs according to another advantageous embodiment. By selecting their number and dimensioning, there is an additional possibility of specifically affecting the deformation characteristics of the bearing, i.e., its characteristics. In addition, radial flanges may be provided at the axial ends of the insert parts to form axial stops. An embodiment of the bearing in which the insert parts have a plurality of openings (holes or punched-out openings) distributed on their surfaces, proved to be advantageous from a manufacturing technical viewpoint. This is advantageous insofar as the elastomer can pass through these openings during the vulcanization. An increased pressure is prevented as a result from developing and acting on the reinforcing elements during the vulcanization and the reinforcing elements are thus prevented from being deformed in an unintended manner.
The reinforcing elements, which are usually approximately cylindrical, may have flattened areas on their circumference due to a corresponding design of the insert parts forming them. As a result, bearings with different characteristics with respect to their circumference are obtained for special applications. Depending on the intended purpose, the bearing body of the bearing according to the present invention, which consists essentially of elastomer, may also be vulcanized on a metallic inner part or have one or more slidable areas on its inner sides to form a slide bearing. A reinforcing element, which is profiled in the manner being shown and is arranged in the radially outer area of the bearing body, may, moreover, form a housing or an outer sleeve for the bearing.
The various features of novelty which characterize the invention are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming a part of this disclosure. For a better understanding of the invention, its operating advantages and specific objects attained by its uses, reference is made to the accompanying drawings and descriptive matter in which a preferred embodiment of the invention is illustrated.

Rubber bearing comprising a reinforcing element


Methods and systems for determining at risk indexes of a plurality of storage containers in a data storage system are disclosed. The available allocated capacities of the storage containers are determined and converted to respective allocated capacities in time periods. The available unallocated capacities of the storage containers are determined and converted to respective unallocated capacities in time periods. The at risk indexes of the storage containers are determined from the sum of the respective allocated capacity in time periods and the respective unallocated capacity in time periods.

The creation and storage of digitized data has proliferated in recent years. Accordingly, techniques and mechanisms that facilitate storage and management of large amounts of digital data are common today. For example, a cluster network environment of nodes may be implemented as a data storage system to facilitate the creation, storage, retrieval, and/or processing of digital data. Such a data storage system may be implemented using a variety of storage architectures, such as a network-attached storage (NAS) environment, a storage area network (SAN), a direct-attached storage environment, and combinations thereof.
A data storage system typically includes different classes of storage containers. Each storage container may include a plurality of sub-containers. A storage container may, for example, be a volume, a physical disk, a Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID), or an aggregate (e.g., a plurality of RAID groups). Although the term "disk" often refers to a magnetic storage device, in this context a disk may, for example, be a hard disk drive (HDD) or a solid state drive (SSD) or any other media similarly adapted to store data.
In data storage management, it is necessary to ensure that adequate storage capacity exists to prevent one or more storage containers from running out of storage space. If, for example, one or more containers run out of storage space, client systems and applications utilizing the containers may have to be taken off-line so that additional storage capacity may be provided. It will be appreciated that in a data storage system comprising hundreds or even thousands of containers, the data growth rate may vary significantly from container to container depending on client systems and applications to which the containers are provisioned. Accordingly, it is often difficult to monitor the storage capacity of a large number of containers and to ensure that adequate storage capacity is always provided.
Furthermore, existing storage management applications are not configured to adequately determine the storage capacity of certain classes of containers. Existing applications, for example, do not accurately compute the storage capacity of a dynamically expanding volume which is initially provisioned with a small storage resource but dynamically expands as more data is written to it by allocating additional storage resource up to a maximum allowable size. Existing applications show the initial size and the current size but not the maximum allowable size of a dynamically expanding volume.
Also, existing storage management applications do not accurately compute the storage capacity of a thin-provisioned volume which provides an operating system with a virtual hard disk having a large capacity even though the actual capacity is much smaller. For example, by thin-provisioning volumes, a 2 terabyte virtual hard disk may be provided to the operating system, while only few giga bytes of physical storage is allocated. As data is written to the thin-provisioned volume, the real storage space is allocated on the fly.
Furthermore, existing storage management applications do not provide a comprehensive status of the storage capacity of storage systems. Rather, existing applications only provide isolated views of the storage capacity. For example, existing applications identify containers (e.g., aggregates, volumes, Q-trees, etc.) that are nearly full but do not provide reasons why the containers are running out of space. Also, existing applications often highlight issues that are of lesser significance. For example, an aggregate may be identified as being nearly full because volumes in the aggregate are thickly-provisioned. It will be appreciated that in a thickly-provisioned volume, physical storage is allocated at the time of creation of the thickly-provisioned volume although only a small amount of data may have been written to the volume. Thus, existing applications may identify aggregates comprising thickly-provisioned volumes as being nearly full without pointing out that only a small amount of data has in fact been written to the volumes.
Moreover, existing applications fail to highlight significant issues that may require immediate response. For example, an aggregate that is nearly full in a system that does have spare disks is typically not highlighted. It will be appreciated that a failure to indicate that a system lacks spare disks may result in data corruption or unavailability of an aggregate and its volumes when disk space runs out. Also, a volume that is nearly full and does not have auto-grow enabled are not highlighted, which may require client systems relying on the volume to be taken off-line when storage space runs out.

Methods and systems for determining at risk index for storage capacity


The present invention relates to a polyethylene copolymer which has excellent processability and long-term durability, and thus is useful for hollow molding of a pipe or the like.

Polyolefin resins used in large-diameter high-pressure pipes generally require high pressure resistance and excellent processability. The high pressure resistance is generally a physical property which can be expressed in a high density region. This is because the modulus increases as the degree of crystallization in the polyolefin resin is higher, and thus the ability to withstand high pressure is increased.
However, for ordinary pipes, long-term pressure resistance stability should be guaranteed for at least 50 years. However, when the density is high, there is a disadvantage that resistance to the brittle fracture mode is degraded and the long term pressure resistance characteristic is deteriorated. Further, when the molecular weight of the polyolefin resin is low or the polydispersity index is narrow, a sagging phenomenon occurs at the time of processing a large-diameter pipe and the processing is difficult. Therefore, in order to solve these problems, a polyolefin resin having a high molecular weight and a very wide polydispersity index must be applied.
Further, when the molecular weight of the polyolefin resin is high, the extrusion load is increased and pipe processability declines, and thus there is a limitation that the appearance is poor.
Thus, there is a continuing need for preparation of superior products having a balance between long-term stability and processability.

Polyethylene copolymer and method for preparing same


A mobile communication system comprising a multiplicity of mobile devices, and a server communicating with the mobile devices via a communication network, and a central database which is in data communication with the server and which is operative for storing sensitive data encrypted using at least one key, at least a portion of which is provided, only on certain occasions, by an individual one of the mobile devices and is not retained between the occasions by the central database.

Cryptographic key management is a known field.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,105,131 describes a secure server for a distributed information system, with "personal volts".
U.S. Pat. No. 6,317,829 describes a public key cryptography based system which stores decryption private key history data in a directory accessible by roaming users. A system stores, per user, security data such as decryption private key history data which serves as master copy data. A public repository stores remotely accessible per user decryption private key history data stored in the security management server. A computing device communicates with the public repository unit to obtain the decryption private key history data and decrypts encrypted data with portable security.
A White Paper posted on Internet by cloudKey +1Touch Security v1.01: Jul. 25, 2011 presents the following in connection with thieves which "can survey the herd of companies storing millions of credit card numbers": "if Sony, et al, stopped storing your credit card information in the cloud, the problem would be solved. It really is that simple. But, from Sony, et al's, perspective, how will they make it easier for you to pay for stuff? The financial fall-out of repeated re-entry of credit card information would be catastrophic from a sales perspective. People would stop buying online. Amazon's 1Click patent and their sole licensee Apple have shown the dramatic increase in online sales conversion when the buy decision is reduced to a single click . . . cloudKey's "distributed key" topology turns the numbers game against the thieves by keeping the data they seek (private credit card information) on each user's device, not in an online central database "bank". The data is stored in an extremely secure encrypted form (256 bit Triple DES), but the keys to the encrypted data are stored in a secured online database. So to steal your private data, the thief would have to physically steal your phone, then guess your password, and even if they did all that, they wouldn't get your credit card data, just the ability to make some purchases that get sent to your house. Definitely not worth their effort.
. . . If you have a gym locker you wouldn't write your combination numbers on the locker door right? Keeping a decryption key on the same device you have sensitive information is tantamount to the same thing . . . . Keeping the encryption keys in the cloud is the right solution here. It forces a would-be thief to break into two places in order to steal any one piece of information—both the device AND the cloud."
The disclosures of all publications and patent documents mentioned in the specification, and of the publications and patent documents cited therein directly or indirectly, are hereby incorporated by reference.

Hack-deterring system for storing sensitive data records


The efficiency of a blood plasmapheresis filter is purposefully reduced at low input blood flow rates so as to prevent possibly excessive hematocrit which may make it difficult or impossible to handle the resulting blood cell concentrate (e.g., for infusion purposes) and/or which may cause accompanying red cell damage. Where filter efficiency is a function of rpm of a spinning element, such controlled reduction may be achieved by simply controlling spinner rpm as a function (e.g., linear over at least some range) of the input blood flow rate.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to the control of fluid filtering systems and more particularly to optimum control of fluid filtering systems used to filter blood, blood products or components or other biological fluids such as, for example, in a plasmapheresis system.
2. Related Applications and Prior Art
This invention is related to commonly assigned, allowed U.S. patent application Ser. No. 671,576 filed Nov. 15, 1984 (also published under International Publication No. WO 86/02858), the entire content of which is hereby incorporated by reference. In particular, although the present invention may find utility alone, it is particularly suited as an improvement in the adaptive filter concentrate flow control system and method of this related commonly assigned earlier application.
In this related prior adaptive filter control system, a transmembrane pressure (TMP) operating point is established on an empirically constructed control curve of TMP versus filtrate flow rate so as to automatically maintain substantially maximum filtrate flow rate for any given operating conditions--without permitting the TMP to exceed a threshold value at which irreversible filter clogging (and/or hemolysis) begins to occur. For a detailed description of such prior TMP control system, reference should be made to the above cited related publication. However, it will be appreciated that such prior control systems have typically attempted to maximize the efficiency with which the filter operates to perform desirable separation of filtrate from input fluid (while thereby providing a concentrate output as well). For example, in filter systems employing a rotating spinner, the filter efficiency generally increases as the spinner rpm increases and, accordingly, prior control systems have typically operated the spinner at a constant speed chosen to be substantially the highest acceptable speed (e.g., the highest speed that can be used without producing undue hemolysis or other adverse effects).
However, I have now recognized that filter efficiency (i.e., volume of filtrate removed per unit volume of input fluid) can, in some systems, actually become excessive. For example, such filter efficiency is also a function of other parameters (e.g., fluid residence time within the filter) and where some of these other parameters might vary (e.g., as the input blood flow rate and hence residence time does in a typical plasmapheresis system), it is possible that the efficiency of the filtering elements occasionally may be so high that the concentrate output from the filter becomes excessively thick. For example, in a plasmapheresis system, the hematocrit of cell concentrate may become so high that the concentrate becomes sufficiently viscous as to lose some of its fluid-like characteristics and begins to perform somewhat as a soft solid. Since cell concentrates are typically collected from a patient or other donor and periodically reinfused into that donor, this can cause problems in handling the reinfusing process (which, in turn, may cause undue hemolysis of living blood cells included in that concentrate).
In short, in a plasmapheresis system where plasma is separated from whole blood, the separation efficiency of the filter may become so high that the resulting concentrated red cells become excessively concentrated and very difficult to reinfuse into the donor through practical needle sizes in practical times and through practical blood pumps--and may become hemolyzed in the process, another detrimental effect. There may be other fluid filtering and/or processing systems where an input fluid flow rate (or other parameter) might vary so as to sometimes produce such high filtering efficiency that, for some particular applications, it would be preferable to have a lower filtration efficiency. Such problems typically may be encountered more frequently (or be of a more critical nature) where living biological fluids are involved in the filtration process.
In particular, I have now recognized that under low blood flow input rates to a plasmapheresis system, it is possible for filter efficiency to be excessive (e.g., such that the concentrate output from the filter is difficult to handle as a fluid and may become hemolyzed if forced at high flow rates through needles and blood pumps).

Adaptive filtrate flow control system using controlled reduction in filter efficiency


A compound comprising a tetrahalobenzamidazolebenzene or a bis(tetrahalophenyl)biphenylbisimidazole of the alternative following formulas or dimers thereof

The present disclosure is generally related to imaging members and more specifically related to layered photoconductive imaging members comprising for example bis(tetrahalophenyl)biphenylbisimidazole dimers or tetrahalobenzamidazolebenzene dimers. Photoconductive imaging members containing the aforementioned components possess in embodiments a number of advantages as indicated herein, inclusive of being sensitive to blue wavelengths of, for example, about 900 to about 300 nanometers, and in particular, from about 350 to about 450 nanometers or about 370 to about 425 nanometers. The photogenerating layer, which can be exposed to light of the appropriate blue wavelengths simultaneously, or sequentially, exhibits, for example, excellent cyclic stability, independent layer discharge, acceptable dark decay characteristics, permits tuning of the electrical properties of the imaging member, and enables substantially no adverse changes in performance over extended time periods. Processes of imaging, especially imaging and printing, including digital, are also encompassed by the present disclosure.
The layered photoconductive imaging members illustrated herein can be selected for a number of different known imaging and printing processes including, for example, multicopy/fax devices, electrophotographic imaging processes, especially xerographic imaging and printing processes wherein negatively charged or positively charged images are rendered visible with toner compositions of an appropriate charge polarity. The imaging members as indicated herein are in embodiments sensitive in the wavelength region of, for example, from about 900 to about 300 nanometers, and in particular, from about 350 to about 450 nanometers, or from about 370 nanometers to about 425 nanometers. Moreover, the imaging members of the present disclosure in embodiments can be selected for color xerographic imaging applications where several color printings can be achieved in a single pass.
Photoconductive or photoresponsive imaging members are disclosed in the following U.S. Patents, the disclosures of each of which are totally incorporated by reference herein, U. S. Pat. Nos. 4,265,990, 4,419,427, 4,429,029, 4,501,906, 4,555,463, 4,587,189, 4,709,029, 4,714,666, 4,937,164, 4,968,571, 5,019,473, 5,225,307, 5,336,577, 5,473,064, 5,645,965, 5,756,245, 6,051,351, 6,194,110, and 6,656,651. The appropriate components and process aspects of the each of the foregoing U.S. Patents may be selected for the present disclosure in embodiments thereof.

Abstract: wherein each of R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 are the same or different and are independently selected from the group comprising hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, and halogen.


Methods and systems are provided for an actuation system for a driveline shifting member in a transmission system of a vehicle. In one example, a system may include an actuator coupled to a lever arm via one or more parallel axis gears, and a shaft connecting the lever arm to a driveline shifting member, the lever arm driven via a rolling element housed within a slot in the lever arm aligned with a center of a parallel axis gear of the one or more parallel axis gears.

In an automobile with a power unit, such as an internal combustion engine or electric motor, a transmission system adapts the output of the power unit to the drive wheels to provide a desired propulsion. The transmission may be characterized by gear ratios that are selectable by locking specific gear pairs to an output shaft inside the transmission system, or other approaches for varying the drive ratio. A driveline shifting member, such as a shift fork, may be used to shift connections in the transmission, where the shift fork may be a forked end metal lever that straddles a transmission gear shaft.
In some applications, such as a commercial vehicle transmission system, for example, a very small rotational actuation of a lever may be desired to shift the shift fork, along with a desired high rate of speed and accuracy. Approaches for attaining the desired small rotational output of an actuator coupled to the shift fork may include use of parallel axle gear trains. However, the inventors herein have recognized potential issues with such systems. Use of parallel axle gear trains may result in final stages of gears working on only small number of teeth instead of a larger range, resulting in potential backlash, reduced accuracy, etc. Also, changes in gear clearance may result in increased wear of working surfaces.
In one example, the issues described above may be addressed by an actuation system in a transmission comprising: a motor coupled to a lever arm via a drive mechanism such as a parallel axis gear train and a shaft connecting the lever arm to a driveline shifting member, the lever arm driven via a rolling element housed within a slot in the lever arm. A cam is established by using an eccentric pin on a final gear of the gear train in which the rolling element is mounted. In this way, by using a cam based linkage connector in a shift fork actuator, small movements in the shift fork and/or small amounts of rotation of an intermediate lever may be carried out with increased accuracy, and a torque benefit may be attained upon moving from neutral to a gear engagement due to geometrical advantages of where increased actuation torque is achieved in the various shift fork positions.
As one example, a shift fork in a transmission system may be selectively coupled to one of two gears. An actuator coupled to the shift fork used for selecting a desired gear ratio may be actuated to move the shift fork in a desired direction to engage with one gear via an actuator. The actuator may require a non-uniform force through a stroke to change the gear engagement. The shift fork may be moved through three positions including a zero degrees position corresponding to neutral when none of the gears are engaged, a positive first angle position corresponding to engagement to a first gear, and a negative second angle position corresponding to engagement to a second gear. The actuator may include a motor connected via a drive mechanism such as a parallel axis gear train. A rolling element housed within a slot may be mounted on a dowel pin coupled to a final gear of the gear train to drive a lever arm coupling the final parallel axis gear to a shaft connected to an arm of the shift fork. The dowel pin is eccentric to the final gear to generate a cam effect. During engagement of a first gear, as the final gear rotates in a first direction, the rolling element may shift within the slot to a first position increasing a torque generated on the lever arm. Similarly, during engagement of a second gear, as the final gear rotates in a second direction (opposite to the first direction), the rolling element may shift within the slot to a second position increasing a torque generated on the lever arm. The movement of the lever arm may cause the arm of the shift fork to be translated in a desired direction for gear engagement.
In this way, by using parallel axis gearing coupled to a lever arm via a rolling element, a small rotational displacement may be amplified and engagement of a gear by the split fork may be efficiently carried out at higher speeds. In addition to actuation of a shift fork of a transmission system, the mentioned actuation system may be used in other driveline members. One or more actuation system may be concurrently used in a transmission system to drive distinct members (such as multiple shift forks). The technical effect of using the actuator is that a simplified arrangement of components may be used in a cost-effective manner for engagement and disengagement of multiple driveline members.
It should be understood that the summary above is provided to introduce in simplified form a selection of concepts that are further described in the detailed description. It is not meant to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, the scope of which is defined uniquely by the claims that follow the detailed description. Furthermore, the claimed subject matter is not limited to implementations that solve any disadvantages noted above or in any part of this disclosure.

Methods and systems for an actuation system


Described herein is a biometric sensor package. In particular, a biometric sensor package for integration with a garment. Furthermore, methods of manufacturing of such biometric sensor packages are disclosed. Still yet, methods of integrating biometric sensor packages in to garments are disclosed. The biometric sensor packages described herein can easily be manufactured by current biometric sensor manufactures, for example heart rate monitor belt manufacturers. The biometric sensor packages described here can then be easily integrated in to garments by current garment manufacturers without requiring any special knowledge or tooling relating to the actual biometric sensor arrangements within the biometric sensor packages. Through the use of biometric sensor packages described herein biometric sensor arrangements, such as heart rate monitors and EEG sensors can be easily integrated into garments, such as sports bras, shirts and shorts, without disrupting existing supply chains and factories.

Biometric sensors, such as heart rate monitors and EEG monitors, are becoming ever more popular amongst the general population. Heart rate monitor belts in particular are wide spread with people utilizing them in a variety of activities from walking to running, cycling, swimming and while playing sports. Current heart rate monitor belts are limited to actual belts which need to be worn by a user directly on the skin, typically underneath an athletic top.
It has long been a desire of users to have heart rate monitor belts integrated in to garments, e.g. sports bras, shirts and compression tops. However, many practical problems have kept heart rate monitor belts out of garments. One of the key practical factors deals with the current manufacturing supply chain. Most actual garments are constructed by garment manufacturers using specialized equipment, e.g. commercial sewing machines. These garment manufacturers are only equipped for the assembly of garment pieces, e.g. adding sleeves to a torso to form a shirt. They are not equipped to add electronics to garment pieces.
In order to manufacture a heart rate monitor belt typically two electrodes need to be affixed to some material in a precise manner. This is due to the contacts of the electrodes needing to be in a very specific orientation with respect to each other so that a telemetric electronic device can be releasable connected to the contacts and the telemetric electronic device typically has male snap portions at a predefined and fixed distance from each other.
To simply manufacture a heart rate monitor belt in to a garment would require the re-tooling of an existing manufacturer in the supply chain or the building of an entirely new manufacturing chain. For example, either the garment manufacturer would need to add space to the equipment needed to align and affix the electrodes to a garment during the garment assembly, or the heart rate monitor manufacturer would need to add all of the processes required for garment assembly. Neither is a feasible solution and thus heart rate monitor sensors have been relegated to their own belts.
Therefore, there exists a need for a product and method which allows for the integration of a biometric sensor in to a garment without the need for significantly altering current well established supply chains in either the garment or electronics manufacturing industries.

Biometric sensor package for integration with a garment


A method for manufacturing an antenna device is provided. The manufacturing method includes forming an antenna circuit so that the resonance frequency of the antenna circuit will be lower than an oscillation frequency of the reader/ writer and affixing a magnetic sheet to an antenna coil via an adhesive. The antenna circuit includes the antenna coil that receives the magnetic field transmitted from the reader/ writer and a capacitor electrically connected to the antenna coil. The magnetic sheet is at a face-to-face position with respect to the antenna coil and is configured to change the inductance of the antenna coil. The adhesive is of a film thickness to change the inductance so that the resonance frequency of the resonance circuit will be coincident with the oscillation frequency depending on the spacing between the antenna coil and the magnetic sheet.

In these days, the near field communication technology of signal transmission and reception by electromagnetic induction has been established and its use has extended in the form of tickets for public means of transit or electronic money. The function of near field communication tends to be loaded on mobile phones as well and its use in time to come is felt to be promising. The near field communication technology is not limited to proximity communication by electromagnetic induction, such that, in the field of logistics, an IC tag that enables read/write at a distance of several meters has been commercialized. The near field communication technology not only enables near field communication, but also provides for power transmission at the same time. Consequently, the technology may be implemented on an IC card which does not own its own power supply, such as a battery.
In a system that implements the above mentioned near field communication, near field communication and power transmission are effected between a reader/writer and a wireless data carrier. To this end, a capacitor for resonance is connected to a loop antenna, and the resonance frequency, as determined by a constant LC of the loop antenna and the capacitor, is tuned to a preset system frequency. By so doing, stabilized communication may be established between the reader/writer and the wireless data carrier at a maximized communication distance.
However, the constant LC of the loop antenna and the capacitor for resonance has a number of factors of variations and may not necessarily be set at a scheduled value. For example, in the wireless data carrier, the loop antenna is formed by a copper foil pattern to reduce the cost, such that the value of L is varied due to, for example, deviations in pattern widths. Similarly, the capacitor for resonance is formed with the use of a copper foil of an antenna board as an electrode and with the use of the resin of the board as a dielectric material, again to reduce the cost. Hence, the capacitance is changed with the width, length or the pitch of the copper pattern. On the other hand, a protective film is finally laminated on each of upper and Tower sides of the antenna board for use of the antenna board as an IC card. However, the capacitance is varied under the influence of the protective film. Thus, to take the frequency shift following the lamination of the protective film into account, the copper foil pattern is partially removed by way of prospective adjustment with a view to adjusting the electrode area as well as the capacitance value of the capacitor for resonance.
The above mentioned factors of variations may give rise to shifting of the resonance frequency to destabilize communication or to reduce the communication distance. To cope with such problem, Patent Document 1 shows, in connection with an antenna module, a method of adjusting the resonance frequency by adjustment of the capacitance of the variable capacitor to provide for stability in communication. The antenna module includes an antenna coil that receives magnetic fluxes output from the reader/writer and a resonance circuit that efficiently converts changes in the magnetic fluxes into an electrical voltage.


According to an aspect of the invention, there is provided a mirror structure for adaptive optics devices, characterized in that it comprises: an elastically deformable layer in response to an applied force, said deformable layer comprising a central portion reflective to said an incident light beam (F); a support substrate positioned spaced with respect to said deformable layer; a spacer element connected to said elastically deformable layer and support substrate and positioned there between, said spacer element being arranged so that the separation distance between said first and second inner surface is in the range between 2 and 100 micron; an inner chamber at least partially defined by said first and substrate and by said spacer element, said inner chamber containing a pressurized gas (G); an actuator system capable of causing a deformation of said central portion counteracting the pressure of said pressurized gas; wherein, in use, said central portion is deformed according to profiles such as to control said light beam. Advantages may include thermal robustness and improved dimensional scaling properties.

Several high tech applications depend on light sources and highly sophisticated optical systems for their primary process. For instance, in the semiconductor industry, the new generation lithography tools employ high power lasers for generation of EUV exposure light, while in the space industry high power lasers are used to create laser guide stars. Also in material processing and machining, lasers are applied for local melting, or cutting through raw material.
A driving trend that is shared among the associated application roadmaps is towards increasing power of the light being processed combined with tightening optical requirements.
This poses new technological challenges, since performance of the optical systems is highly dependent on the accuracy and stability of the optical elements in the light processing path. Raising the light source power levels impose increasing threats, e.g. through extreme thermal loading that may lead to deformations of optical surfaces and thus causing optical performance deteriorations such as focus shift which directly impact the primary process and performance.
The most promising solution directions lies in the field of Adaptive Optics (AO), where active control is introduced in the light processing system to preserve or adapt the shape of optical elements, such that optical performance is continuously guaranteed and disturbance influences are being suppressed. Adaptive Optics has proven its merits already in various high performance applications, such as deformable mirrors in astronomy instruments. A challenge that is apparent here is to make adaptive optics also available to high power applications as well.
Likewise, in space industry as well, adequate adaptive optics for high power lasers would be of benefit in creating brighter and more stable guide stars.
In particular, the present invention relates to a deformable reflective structure that can be used in an optical device to dynamically transform the wavefront of a light beam.
However, current deformable reflectors are not capable of handling high power light beams.
One of the other key challenges in the development of a deformable mirror is the small actuator pitch in combination with a large inter-actuator stroke on a continuous face sheet.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a deformable reflective structure that is easily scalable in diameter from several millimetres to tens of centimetres.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a deformable reflective structure that is easy to produce on an industrial scale, at competitive costs.
US2010/078543 shows a pressure environment for a flexible membrane active on both sides. The environment is sealed by a transparent conductor designed to pull up the membrane in order to maintain a flat shape. However this provision necessarily impedes the light transmission to the membrane.

Nederlandse Organisatie voor toegepast-natuurwetenschappelijk onderzoek TNO


A device for magnifying displacement of an elongated piezoelectric element adapted to be displaced by application of voltage thereto, including a main frame extending along one side of the piezoelectric element and having a lateral projection for supporting one end of the piezoelectric element with respect to a direction of displacement of the piezoelectric element; a movable member mounted on the other end of the piezoelectric element with respect to the direction of displacement of the piezoelectric element; a first leaf spring fixed at its one end portion to the main frame; a second leaf spring fixed at its one portion to the movable member and disposed in opposed relationship to the first leaf spring; a rocking member fixedly connected to the other end of the first leaf spring and the other end of the second leaf spring and adapted to be rocked by flexing of the first and second leaf springs to be generated by the displacement of the piezoelectric element; a sub frame extending along the other side of the piezoelectric element opposite to the main frame to a position opposed to the movable member and fixedly connected at its one end to the lateral projection of the main frame; and a quadri-hinged parallel link mechanism fixed to the movable member and the other end of the sub frame, so as to displace the movable member in parallel to the direction of displacement of the piezoelectric element.

The present invention relates to a device for magnifying displacement of a piezoelectric element and a method of producing same, particularly for use with a printing head. The present invention also relates to a printing head including such a displacement magnifying device.
FIG. 37 shows a prior art device for magnifying displacement of a piezoelectric element 101. Referring to FIG. 37, a movable member 105 is attached to the piezoelectric element 101. On the other hand, a pair of leaf springs 106 and 107 are fixed at their respective one end portions to a frame 102 and the movable member 105, and a rocking block 108 is fixed to the other end portions of the leaf springs 106 and 107. When the piezoelectric element 101 is expanded upon application of voltage thereto, the movable member 105 is displaced to flex the leaf springs 106 and 107. As a result, there is generated a moment in the rocking block 108 to rock the same. Further, an elastically deformable connecting member 104 is fixed between the movable member 105 and a lateral projection 103 of the frame 102, so as to displace the movable member 105 in parallel to a direction of displacement of the piezoelectric element 101. However, it is hard to balance a spring force of the connecting member 104 to a spring force of the leaf springs 106 and 107, causing inclination of the movable member 105 relative to the direction of displacement of the piezoelectric element 101. As a result, an amount of flexing of the leaf springs 106 and 107 is fluctuated, and the rocking block 108 cannot be rocked at a desired rocking angle.
Such a problem has been intentionally eliminated by providing a quadri-hinged parallel link mechanism consisting of a pair of separate link plates 117 as shown in FIG. 37. Each of the link plates 117 is integrally formed with a pair of vertical link portions 118 and 119 and a pair of horizontal link portions 120 and 121. The vertical link portions 118 of the pair of link plates 117 are fixed to opposite side surfaces of the frame 102, and the vertical link portions 119 are fixed to opposite side surfaces of the movable member 105, so as to ensure parallel displacement of the movable member 105.
The leaf springs 106 and 107 are fixed by brazing to opposed surfaces of the frame 102 and the movable member 105. To improve the fixation of the leaf springs 106 and 107 to the frame 102 and the movable member 105, the leaf springs 106 and 107 are so disposed as to project laterally from the opposite side surfaces of the frame 102 and the movable member 105. Accordingly, when the link plates 117 are fixed to the opposite side surfaces of the frame 102 and the opposite side surfaces of the movable member 105, the horizontal link portions 120 and 121 of the link plates 117 interfere with the side projections of the leaf springs 106 and 107. To eliminate the interference, it is necessary to cut the side projections of the leaf springs 106 and 107 (as shown by a hatched portion). However, cutting of the hatched portion of the leaf springs 106 and 107 is difficult and requires much time and labor. Further, such cutting causes a reduction of the strength of fixation of the leaf springs 106 and 107.
FIG. 38 shows another example of the prior art device. When the application of voltage to the piezoelectric element 101 is cut to contract the piezoelectric element 101 to its original condition, the leaf springs 106 and 107 and a rocking arm 110 fixed at its one end to the rocking block 108 are returned to the original condition. At this time, the rocking arm 110 tends to be retracted more than the rest position by the inertia, and the leaf springs 106 and 107 are oscillated as shown by arrows P and Q by the elastic force thereof until stopped at the rest position. Accordingly, a time required for stopping the leaf springs 106 and 107 becomes long to hinder a high-speed rocking motion of the rocking arm 110 in response to the displacement of the piezoelectric element 101. Further, there is generated elastic fatigue of the leaf springs 106 and 107 due to the above-mentioned oscillation which reduces the durability of the leaf springs 106 and 107. To solve this problem, a stopper 135 is fixedly provided on an upper end of the connecting member 104 in opposed relationship to a lower longitudinal edge of the rocking arm 110. However, as the stopper 135 abuts against a substantially longitudinally central portion of the rocking arm 110, a free end portion of the rocking arm 110 tends to be flexed as shown by a chain line. Simultaneously, there is generated a moment in the rocking arm 110 about the stopper 135 to cause the oscillation of the leaf springs 106 and 107 in the directions of the arrows P and Q and the oscillation of the rocking arm 110 in the directions of arrows A and B.
Further, when the movable member 105 is returned to the original condition, the return motion tends to be delayed because of the inertia of the movable member 105, the leaf springs 106 and 107 and the rocking block 108. As the movable member 105 is fixed to the upper end surface of the piezoelectric element 101, a tensile force is applied to the piezoelectric element 101 because of such a delay. The piezoelectric element 101 is normally formed of piezoelectric ceramic having a weak property against the tensile force. Therefore, the piezoelectric element 101 tends to be damaged by the tensile force.
Referring back to FIG. 37, a pair of wedge members 141 and 142 are interposed under pressure between the lower end surface of the piezoelectric element 101 and the lateral projection 103, so as to apply a compression load to the piezoelectric element 101 and thereby ensure sufficient transmission of the displacement of the piezoelectric element 101 to the movable member 105. The upper wedge member 141 is fixed by adhesive to the lower end surface of the piezoelectric element 101, and the lower wedge member 142 is forced into a space between the upper wedge member 141 and the lateral projection 103, thus applying the compression load to the piezoelectric element 101. However, contact surfaces 141a and 142a of the wedge members 141 and 142 are required to be machined with a high accuracy, so as to ensure uniform application of the compression load to the piezoelectric element 101. Further, the number of parts is increased, and the assembling is rendered troublesome to cause an increase in cost.
FIGS. 39 and 40 show a prior art printing head. A plurality of printing units 201 (one of which is shown for simplicity) are inserted in a plurality of slits 203 formed in a substantially cylindrical holder 202 and arranged at circumferentially equal intervals. A flexible printed wiring board 206 having a plurality of connection terminals to be connected by soldering or the like to lead wires 205L of piezoelectric elements 205 of the printing units 201 is mounted on end surfaces of frames 204 of the printing units 201 on the side opposite to the holder 202. A cover plate 208 having a nose 107 for reciprocably guiding a plurality of printing wires connected to the corresponding printing units 201 is fitted with the holder 202.
In the event that any one of the printing units 201 is required to be exchanged because of breakage or wear of the corresponding printing wire, it is necessary to disconnect the lead wires of all the printing units 201 from the connection terminals of the flexible printed wiring board 206, and then remove all the printing units 201 from the slits 203 of the holder 202. Thus, the exchange of the printing unit 201 is very troublesome.

Device for magnifying displacement of piezoelectric element and method of producing same


A setting device is provided for a feed device, in particular the throttle valve of an internal combustion engine with idling speed control, in which the throttle valve is located in the intake manifold. The throttle valve is connected to a displacement rod and pretensioned by a return spring. A first, adjustable stop and a second, fixed stop are provided for an actuating lever of the throttle valve. The second, fixed stop limits the adjustment range of the first stop for a minimal opening of the throttle valve. An idle stop, which is preferably developed as single-piece lever, acts with the actuating lever. By cooperation of the idle stop lever with the two stops, there is assured, on the one hand, a control of the idle position of the throttle valve, in which case a minimal opening position is established, while, on the other hand, an idle position of the throttle valve with a somewhat larger opening than the minimal opening is assured in the event that the idle speed control fails or becomes defective.

The present invention relates to a setting device for a feed device of an internal combustion engine, wherein the feed device provides control of the speed of rotation upon idling, is connected to an adjusting rod, and is pretensioned by a return spring. The feed device includes a first adjustable stop and a second fixed stop operable with an actuating lever of the feed device, the second fixed stop limiting a range of adjustment of the first stop for a minimum setting of the feed device.
In order to reduce the consumption of fuel and thus the amount of the exhaust and the emission of noise, it is known to adjust the idling speed of an internal combustion engine at the lower limit of the value required for smooth operation. This minimum value, however, varies greatly with various operating conditions; for instance after a cold start in the winter or upon an added load, such as air conditioning or hydraulic power assistance, it is much larger than in the case of a warmed-up engine without load. If a stop of the feed device, i.e. of the throttle valve or the control rod an injection pump, determines the idling speed, then the adjustment range of this stop must be correspondingly large in order to satisfy the control requirements for all operating conditions which may occur. It is desirable or even necessary for reasons of safety that the idling control be reduced to the smallest possible value upon a failure or an error in control in order reliably to avoid dangerous operating conditions due to an excessively high idling speed of rotation which can lead to forward movement of the vehicle. Upon an operating condition of the internal combustion engine which would, in principle, require an increase in the idling speed, the displacement of the idling stop to the minimum value however leads to rough idling or stalling, so that it is extremely difficult to move at all a vehicle the idling control of which has failed. There is thus a demand for setting devices which still permit emergency travel with a sufficient idling speed after failure of the idling control.

Setting device for a feed device of an internal combustion engine


An object of the present invention is to provide an accurate positioning function with respect to an object and program generating an operation by depression and its depression release. The present invention provides a control device (1) for outputting an information in accordance with an operation with respect to an input device. The control device (1) comprises: a detection unit (8) for detecting a release of depression with respect to the input device; and an output unit (8) for outputting an information indicative of a depression with respect to the input device and an information indicative of a depression release when detecting a release of the depression.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a control for an input-output device.
2. Description of the Related Art
Conventionally, various technologies have been proposed in order to improve an operability of input devices such as a tablet, a touch panel, a mouse or the like. For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-143235 has described the following purpose. More specifically, in a computer connected with a touch screen, the purpose is to input a desired input coordinate to the computer in a manner that a position where user's finger touches on the touch screen is confirmed.
For this reason, the computer reads a coordinate where user's finger touches on the touch screen, and then, moves a cursor together with movement of the user's finger. When the user's finger is released from the touch screen, the computer has captured the input position data just before the release as an input coordinate data.
Moreover, JP-A No. 10-187351 has disclosed a copying machine. The copying machine displays a recording material selection range and a tone (gray level) selection range when depressing a touch panel. In a state of depressing the touch panel, a user can move the recording material selection range and the tone selection range while touching his finger thereon. Then, the user selects the recording material and tone by releasing his finger from the touch panel.
However, according to the aforesaid technologies, when the user's finger is released from the touch panel, a coordinate just before finger release has been inputted as an input coordinate. For this reason, these technologies are not applicable to devices in which an operation is generated by depression to the touch panel and release from there. In particular, an operation becomes invalid with respect to an object such as a button used in a recent event driven type operating system and an application software. This is because the depression of touch panel is not recognized in a position where the touch panel is released.
Moreover, according to these conventional technologies, when a position is finally selected, the finally selected position is only recognized; for this reason, it is impossible to generate an effect by a time lag between depression with respect to the object and its release. For example, it is impossible to change the state of the object after detecting the release of the depression to an object, to make the state being continued for a predetermined time, to generate an operation by the release of depression.

Control device, electronic apparatus and medium for outputting information in accordance with an operation relative to an input device


A method for preventing a fan from burning down includes steps of: using a central processing unit (CPU) to detect rotational speed of forward operation of a fan and defining as a highest backward rotational speed value; using the CPU to detect operation direction and rotational speed of backward operation of the fan; and using the CPU to activate the fan to operate forward or activate a rotation stop control signal to stop the fan when the fan impeller rotates forward or backward by return air, if the rotational speed of the rotation stop control signal is smaller or larger than the highest backward rotational speed value, the CPU activating the fan to operate forward or making the fan to generate a warning signal and keeping providing the rotation stop control signal. The method can prevent the fan from burning down and enhance the stability.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to a method for activating a fan to operate, and more particularly to a method for preventing a fan from burning down when activated to operate forward and enhancing the stability of forward operation of the fan.
2. Description of the Related Art
Along with the advance of sciences and technologies, the reliance of peoples on various electronic apparatuses has been more and more increased. In order to meet the requirements of lightweight, convenience and utility, in the current market, there is a trend to design lightweight, thin, miniaturized, multifunctional and high-processing-speed electronic products (such as computers and notebooks) as the mainstream of the electronic apparatuses. Such products can more satisfy the daily requirements in modern society.
In a power-off state, the fan impeller of a cooling fan is generally in a still state. However, when the fan impeller of the cooling fan is blown and moved backward by external return air, the fan impeller of the cooling fan will rotate backward. When the cooling fan is to be powered on to operate forward, in the case it is detected that the fan impeller rotates backward, the fan impeller will be first braked to stop backward rotating or slow down the backward rotational speed. The brake rotational speed provided by the cooling fan is increased with the increase of the return air volume. The higher the brake rotational speed is, the greater the load on the cooling fan is. When the cooling fan is powered on to operate forward, the turn-on forward voltage is likely to exceed the operational rotational speed specification due to oversized brake rotational speed. This will lead to burnout of the cooling fan or affect the stability of the operation of the cooling fan.
It is therefore tried by the applicant to provide a method for preventing a fan from burning down when activated to operate forward to solve the above problem.

Method for preventing a fan from burning down at activation


Techniques are provided for identifying and presenting contextual course recommendations. A browser extension analyzes text within web content that is being displayed on a computing device. The browser extension, as part of the analysis, identifies one or more keywords. The browser extension transmits the one or more keywords over a computer network to a remote computer system. For each keyword, the remote computer system identifies one or more courses and one or more relevance scores, each of which reflects a relevance measure between the keyword and a course of the one or more courses. The remote system transmits, to the browser extension, course identification data that identifies one or more particular courses. The browser extension causes the course identification data to be displayed on the computing device.

Providing relevant content recommendations to users that visit a website is a challenge for a provider of that website. One approach is for a content provider to identify potentially relevant content recommendations based on past online behavior relative to the website. There are at least two problems with this approach. First, users must be on the website in order to receive the content recommendations. Therefore, if a user does not return to the website, then the user will not receive the content recommendations. Even if the user does return to the website, the content recommendations might not be of interest any more to the user. Second, the content recommendations are only based on online activity with respect to the website. Thus, the content recommendations are less likely to be relevant to the user.
The approaches described in this section are approaches that could be pursued, but not necessarily approaches that have been previously conceived or pursued. Therefore, unless otherwise indicated, it should not be assumed that any of the approaches described in this section qualify as prior art merely by virtue of their inclusion in this section.

Network system for contextual course recommendation based on third-party content