A disk cartridge is provided that has an optical disk (2) encased therein. It includes a cartridge body (5) having formed therein a head opening (13) through which a part of the disk, ranging from the inner to outer radius, is exposed to outside, a shutter member (21) including a shutter (22) that covers and uncovers the head opening and installed to the cartridge body to be movable between a position to cover the head opening and a position to uncover the head opening, and shutter movement limiter (41) provided on an elastic moving piece (36) coupled to a coupling arm (35) extending from one side of the shutter member and that is engaged on a movement limiter (45) provided on the cartridge body, when the shutter member is in a position to cover the head opening, to limit the shutter member from moving in a direction of uncovering the head opening.

Conventionally, there is widely used a disk cartridge having rotatably encased therein a disk used as an information recording medium, such as an optical disk or the like, and that can be loaded into a disk recording and/or playback apparatus while having the disk kept encased therein. Since the disk cartridge has the disk encased in the body thereof, it can protect the disk and easily be loaded into, or unloaded from, the disk recording and/or playback apparatus.
Since the disk cartridge of this type can be loaded into a disk recording and/or playback apparatus while having the disk encased in the body thereof, the cartridge body has formed therein a driving opening through which a disk rotation driving mechanism to rotate the disk is exposed to outside and a write and/or read opening through which a part of the signal recording area of the disk, ranging from the inner to outer radius, is exposed to outside.
Also, the disk cartridge having the disk encased therein has provided therein a shutter member that covers and uncovers at least the write and/or read opening in order to prevent dust or the like from coming into the cartridge body and contaminating the disk.
Further, to prevent the write and/or read opening from being inadvertently uncovered while the disk cartridge is being stored being not loaded in any disk recording and/or playback apparatus and any foreign matter such as the finger or the like from coming into the cartridge body through the write and/or read opening and damaging the disk in the cartridge body, it is proposed to always force the shutter member with a forcing member such as a spring in a direction of covering the write and/or read opening.
Also, for easier installation of the spring member that forces the shutter member, it has been proposed in the Japanese Patent Application Laid Open No. 212872 of 1991 (will be referred to as "Patent Document 1" hereunder) and Japanese Utility Model Application Laid Open No. 83274 of 1987 (will be referred to as "Patent Document 2" hereunder) to provide a spring member integrally on the shutter member in such a manner that the spring member will be secured to the cartridge body when the shutter member is installed to the cartridge body.
In the disk cartridge disclosed in the Patent Document 1, the shutter member is only forced in a direction of covering the write and/or read opening. So, when the shutter member is pushed against the force of the spring member while being held by the hand and fingers, for example, the shutter member will easily be moved in a direction of uncovering the write and/or read opening.
In the disk cartridge disclosed in the Patent Document 2, there is provided a shutter movement limiting member that locks, in the covering position, the shutter member having been moved to a position to cover the write and/or read opening. In this disk cartridge, the write and/or read opening can positively be covered with the shutter member locked in place by the shutter movement limiting member. Since the shutter movement limiting member is provided independently of the shutter member on the cartridge body, however, it adds to the number of parts of the disk cartridge and also leads to a more difficult assembling of the disk cartridge. Also, the cartridge body should have provided therein a space where the shutter movement limiting member is to be installed, that will make it difficult to design a smaller disk cartridge.

Disc cartridge, and disc recording and/or reproducing device using the same


A vehicle, such as an articulated bus, includes a lighting system with a light emitting surface. The lighting system being configured for displaying a first lighting configuration and a second lighting configuration. The first lighting configuration and the second lighting configuration are displayed by different proportions of the light emitting surface. The vehicle further receives a monitoring device with a position monitoring module configured for monitoring the position of a road user with respect to the vehicle. The lighting system being further configured for switching from the first lighting configuration to the second lighting configuration depending on the position of the road user with respect to the vehicle. A corresponding monitoring process is further provided.

Dense circulation in cities remains hazardous for people such as pedestrians and cyclists. Indeed, pedestrians and cyclists need to cross roads between vehicles when the latter stop. However, each vehicle may hide a danger such as another vehicle driving in the opposite lane. If people do not check if any other vehicle is arriving, an accident may occur. Children leaving a school bus are peculiarly exposed.
Vehicle may be dotted with lighting systems warning pedestrians that a dangerous situation is arising. Specific lights are provided. However, these lights involve an important power consumption. In addition, pedestrian may fail to perceive the warning message, notably when they are focused on said vehicle, or on another feature around. Moreover, the environment next to the vehicle may enclose masks hiding lights, rendering warning signals useless.
The document SE1751172 A1 discloses a method and a system for facilitating safety for road users in association with an autonomous vehicle. A display provides two pictures which correspond to two different road users. Real time movements, such as arm movements, are displayed in real time.
The document DE 10 2017 008 612 A1 discloses a method and a system for conveying the safety vulnerable road users in connection with a vehicle.
The document WO 2017/138 146 A1 discloses an information display device and an information display method.
The document DE 10 2015 109 932 A1 discloses a warning device for a motor vehicle with an externally arranged display device and a motor vehicle.

Bus with a safety lighting system for road users


There is provided an illuminating device. The illuminating device includes a light source unit including a substrate and one or more light emitting devices mounted on the substrate, and a heat radiating unit including a sealed inner space into which a working fluid is injected, the working fluid being evaporated and condensed within the inner space due to heat of the light source unit, and emitting the heat of the light source unit to the outside through repeated phase changes according to evaporation and condensation of the working fluid.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an illuminating device.
2. Description of the Related Art
In general, in an illuminating device using a light emitting diode (LED), the quality of light and the lifespan of the illuminating device are affected by the operating temperature thereof. Therefore, maintaining an appropriate operating temperature may be a very important factor in view of the initial quality and long-term reliability of an LED illuminating device.
In order to maintain the operating temperature of this illuminating device at an appropriate level, a method of manufacturing a heat sink having an extended heat radiating area through the use of a metal having high thermal conductivity, to thereby couple the manufactured heat sink to an LED module, may be commonly used.
However, an extended heat sink has a finite temperature difference and a constant thermal resistance between the heat absorbing surface and the heat radiating surface thereof, due to the finite thermal conductivity of a material used therefor. The temperature difference and thermal resistance may therefore cause an unnecessary rise in temperature in an LED illuminating device. In the case of manufacturing a heat sink having a large cross-sectional area in order to reduce the thermal resistance thereof, disadvantages such as increasing the weight and the costs of the illuminating device may be caused.
Accordingly, the necessity of providing a heat sink capable of reducing the thermal resistance between the heat absorbing surface and the heat radiating surface, while minimizing the use of a high density and expensive metal material has been raised. Furthermore, in order to maintain advantages such as a long illuminating device lifespan, a great deal of research into the structural improvement and reductions in the size and weight of the illuminating device, for more efficient heat radiation, have been undertaken.


A plant watering trellis includes a plurality of vertical support posts with a plurality of bottom frame members connected to the support posts. The bottom frame members are configured for carrying liquid therein, with at least one of the bottom frame members including a plurality of orifices for distributing the liquid along the length of the bottom frame member. A first coupler is in fluid communication with one of the bottom frame members and couples the trellis to a fluid source. A plurality of upper frame members is connected to an upper end of the support posts. A plant support extends between the top and bottom frame members. A second coupler allows for the interlinking of adjacent plant watering trellises.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a plant supporting structure and, more particularly, to a plant watering trellis.
2. Description of the Prior Art
It is well-known that certain plants need to be supported during their growth. This is a particular concern for certain vegetable plants, such as tomatoes, which become too tall and heavy with the growing vegetables for their stalks to provide effective support. It may also be desirable to lift the vegetables off the ground for more effective growth and to keep them clean and disease-free.
Many arrangements have been provided for supporting plants during their growth, from simple stakes to which the plants are tied, to more complicated structures which support the plants without tying and through which the plants intertwine while growing. Some plant support structures may also provide for watering or feeding of the plants during their growth cycle. Examples of prior art arrangements are shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 1,361,464; 1,903,122; 3,559,339; 3,638,814; 3,793,771; 4,073,091; 4,610,106; 4,616,442; 4,922,653 and 4,763,440.
While many of these prior arrangements do provide adequate support for and/or watering of the growing plants, they have a number of disadvantages which reduce their usefulness. Many of the devices are complicated structures which are expensive to manufacture and difficult to assemble and disassemble. In addition, many of the devices are not readily collapsible into a small, easily handled size, and storage of the device in the non-growing season becomes a problem. The watering type supports are generally stand-alone devices which require their own supply of water.
It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide a plant support which also permits easy and thorough watering of the plants. It is a further object of the present invention to provide such a plant support in an arrangement which is not complicated, is inexpensive to manufacture and is easy to assemble and disassemble. It is also an object of the present invention to provide a plant support in an arrangement which is lightweight and can be readily stored in a small bundle when not in use, yet is strong enough to support a plurality of growing plants. Finally, it is an object of the present invention to provide a plant support that can carry water from a single water supply to a plurality of plant supports in an interconnected series.


[Problems] To provide a stretched film of an addition polymer consisting of norbornene compounds favorable for use in manufacturing steps of electric insulating parts and optical parts that exhibits excellent film stability, does not suffer from coloration and has a low linear expansion coefficient.

A film comprising a norbornene compound polymer is excellent in heat resistance, transparency, chemical resistance and low water absorption, and is therefore useful for optical parts, electric insulating parts, electric/electronic parts, sealants for electronic parts, medical equipment, or packaging materials.
In the field of electric/electronic technology in which norbornene compound polymers have some essential applications, recently, advanced functions of electronic appliances have come to require high-density electric wiring and high-definition structuring of display devices for high-speed electric signal transmission.
Accordingly, films for use in these applications are required to have dimensional stability, especially dimensional stability to temperature changes, namely, to have a low linear expansion coefficient, and concretely, they are required to have a linear expansion coefficient of lower than 50 ppm/° C.
Regarding norbornene compound polymer films having a low linear expansion coefficient, Patent References 1 and 2 report that, after an alkoxysilyl group-bearing norbornene compound is copolymerized and formed into a film, its linear expansion coefficient may be reduced to about 40 ppm/° C. by crosslinking reaction between the alkoxysilyl groups. However, in this method, the crosslinking operation to be attained by exposing the film to water vapor is troublesome and, in addition, the addition of a crosslinking promoter may cause coloration of the film and may detract from the film stability in high-temperature environments.
Accordingly, a norbornene compound polymer film having a low linear expansion coefficient not according to the method is desired.
There are many reports relating to retardation plates and retardation compensatory films produced by stretching and orienting a film of a cyclic olefin resin such as a norbornene-based resin, for the above-mentioned optical applications and others (for example, Patent References 3 to 8).
These patent references say that addition polymers of a norbornene monomer and addition copolymers thereof with ethylene or the like can also be used, in which, however, only ring-opening polymers of a norbornene monomer were actually formed into films and their effects were confirmed.
However, the ring-opening polymers of a norbornene compound have a glass transition temperature of not higher than 200° C., and their heat resistance is limited. In general, the double bond remaining after the ring-opening polymerization is hydrogenated, but even after hydrogenation, there still remains some but minor double bonds in the molecular chains, and when exposed to high temperatures, the polymers may often cause problems of coloration and the like.    Patent Reference 1: JP-A 2005-48060    Patent Reference 2: JP-A 2005-126514    Patent Reference 3: JP-A 5-2108    Patent Reference 4: JP-A 6-59121    Patent Reference 5: JP-A 2000-304920    Patent Reference 6: JP-A 2001-296422    Patent Reference 7: JP-A 2004-133209    Patent Reference 8: JP-A 2006-18212

Stretched film of addition polymer consisting of norbornene compound, process for producing the same and use thereof

Abstract: [Means for Solving Problems] A stretched film of an addition polymer consisting of norbornene compounds produced by stretching a film of the addition polymer consisting of norbornene compounds and having a linear expansion coefficient of at most 50 ppm/° C. The draw ratio is preferably from 1.2 times to 10 times. The stretched film is preferably a non-crosslinked film. A method for producing the stretched film comprises stretching a film of the addition polymer consisting of norbornene compounds at least in one direction in an inert gas atmosphere within a temperature range of the glass transition temperature (Tg) thereof ±50° C., or stretching a film of the addition polymer consisting of norbornene compounds containing an organic compound having a specific boiling point at least in one direction.


A socket connector is configured to mount to a component, such as a printed circuit board. The socket connector includes a base having a passageway and a channel extending outwardly from the passageway, a barrel including a wall having a flange extending outwardly therefrom, at least one biasing member engaging the flange and surrounding the wall, and a contact seated within the barrel. The wall is seated within the passageway and the flange is seated within the channel. The barrel is configured for movement within the base to align a centerline of a pin inserted into the socket connector with a centerline of the hole of the component.

Power connectors are used in equipment consuming high amounts of power and consequently utilize high current. In some instances, multiple connectors are mounted on printed circuit boards and bus bars in an array. In larger arrays of power connectors, alignment of a male pin to a female socket connector may be difficult due to a buildup of tolerances. High power systems can also generate heat and the resultant expansion of the system when carrying high current can cause relative movement between the male pin and the female socket connector.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.


Methods and systems are provided for adjusting flow of exhaust gas from downstream of an exhaust turbine outlet to an exhaust gas aftertreatment device inlet via a compact turbine outlet cone with adjustable swirl vanes. Exhaust flow reaching the exhaust gas aftertreatment device is adjusted based on a desired exhaust gas temperature and exhaust gas flow rate at the aftertreatment device. During cold start conditions, the swirl vanes may be closed to concentrate exhaust gas flowing towards a portion of the aftertreatment device while after attainment of aftertreatment device light-off temperature, the position of the swirl vanes may be adjusted to introduce turbulence and homogeneity to exhaust flow reaching the exhaust aftertreatment device.

The disclosure relates to an internal combustion engine having an intake system for feeding in charge air, an exhaust-gas discharge system for discharging exhaust gas, and at least one combined exhaust-gas aftertreatment system, which is arranged in the exhaust-gas discharge system and has an intake housing for feeding in exhaust gas.
Within the context of the present disclosure, the expression internal combustion engine comprises diesel engines and spark-ignition engines, but also hybrid internal combustion engines, which use a hybrid combustion process, and hybrid drives, which comprise not only the internal combustion engine but also an electric machine which can be connected in terms of drive to the internal combustion engine and which receives power from the internal combustion engine or which, as a switchable auxiliary drive, additionally outputs power.
According to prior art, to reduce pollutant emissions, internal combustion engines are equipped with various exhaust gas aftertreatment systems. Even without additional measures, oxidation of the unburned hydrocarbons and of carbon monoxide duly takes place in the exhaust-gas discharge system at a sufficiently high temperature level and in the presence of sufficiently large oxygen quantities. However, on account of the exhaust gas temperature which falls quickly in the downstream direction, and the consequently rapidly decreasing rate of reaction, said reactions may be quickly halted. A possible lack of oxygen may be compensated by blowing in secondary air. However, special reactors and/or filters may need to be provided in the exhaust gas discharge system in order to noticeably reduce the pollutant emissions under all operating conditions.
Thermal reactors try to ensure a temperature level that is as high as possible by minimizing the heat losses by means of heat insulation, a sufficiently large reactor volume being intended to ensure a long dwell time of the exhaust gases. Both the long dwell time and the high temperature level assist the desired re-oxidation. The poor efficiency with sub stoichiometric combustion and the high costs may be disadvantageous. For diesel engines, thermal reactors are not effective on account of the temperature level always being lower than desired.
For the stated reasons, according to prior art, in spark-ignition engines use is made of catalytic reactors, which by using catalytic materials increase the rate of certain reactions and ensure an oxidation even at low temperatures. If nitrogen oxides are additionally to be reduced, this may be achieved by the use of a three-way catalytic converter, which however for this purpose requires stoichiometric operation (air fuel ratio λ≈1) of the spark-ignition engine within narrow limits. Here, the nitrogen oxides are reduced by means of the non-oxidized exhaust-gas components which are present, specifically the carbon monoxides, and the unburned hydrocarbons, wherein said exhaust-gas components are oxidized at the same time.
In internal combustion engines which are operated with an excess of air, that is to say for example spark-ignition engines operating in the lean-burn mode, but in particular direct-injection diesel engines or else direct-injection spark-ignition engines, the nitrogen oxides contained in the exhaust gas cannot be reduced in principle, owing to the lack of reducing agent. For the oxidation of the unburned hydrocarbons and of carbon monoxide, an oxidation catalytic converter is therefore provided in the exhaust-gas discharge system. To realize an adequate conversion, a certain operating temperature is required. The so-called light-off temperature may be 120° C. to 250° C.
To reduce the nitrogen oxides, use is made of selective catalytic converters (SCR) catalytic converters, wherein reducing agent is purposely introduced into the exhaust gas in order to selectively reduce the nitrogen oxides. As reducing agent, in addition to ammonia and urea, use may also be made of unburned hydrocarbons. The latter is also referred to as HC-enrichment. The unburned hydrocarbons may be introduced directly into the exhaust-gas discharge system or else may be fed in by means of engine-internal measures, specifically by means of a post-injection of additional fuel into the combustion chamber after the actual combustion. Here, the post-injected fuel should not be ignited in the combustion chamber by the main combustion that is still taking place or by the high combustion gas temperatures that exist even after the end of the main combustion, but rather should be introduced into the exhaust-gas discharge system during the charge exchange.
It is also possible to reduce the nitrogen oxide emissions by means of nitrogen oxide storage catalytic converters (LNT). Herein, the nitrogen oxides are initially (during a lean-burn mode of the internal combustion engine) absorbed, that is to say collected and stored, in the catalytic converter before being reduced during a regeneration phase, for example by means of sub stoichiometric operation (λ<1) of the internal combustion engine with a lack of oxygen.
Further possible engine-internal measures for realizing rich, that is to say sub stoichiometric, operation of the internal combustion engine are exhaust-gas recirculation and, in the case of diesel engines, throttling in the intake system. It is possible to dispense with engine-internal measures if the reducing agent is introduced directly into the exhaust-gas discharge system, for example by injection of additional fuel. During the regeneration phase, the nitrogen oxides are released and converted substantially into nitrogen dioxide, carbon dioxide, and water. The frequency of the regeneration phases is determined by the overall emission of nitrogen oxides and the storage capacity of the LNT.
The temperature of the storage catalytic converter should preferably lie in a temperature window between 200° C. and 450° C., such that firstly a rapid reduction of the nitrogen oxides is ensured and secondly no desorption without conversion of the re-released nitrogen oxides takes place, such as may be triggered by excessively high temperatures.
The sulfur contained in the exhaust gas is likewise absorbed in the LNT and is regularly removed in the course of desulfurization. For this purpose, the LNT may be heated to high temperatures, usually of between 600° C. and 700° C., and supplied with a reducing agent, which in turn can be attained by the transition to rich operation of the internal combustion engine. The higher the temperature of the LNT, the more effectively the desulfurization proceeds, though an admissible maximum temperature must not be exceeded.
According to prior art, to minimize the emission of soot particles use is made of regenerative particle filters, which filter the soot particles out of the exhaust gas and store them. The accumulated soot particles may be burned off intermittently during the course of the regeneration of the filter. The high temperatures for the regeneration of the particle filter, of approximately 550° C. without catalytic assistance, may be reached during high engine loads and high engine speeds operations. It is therefore important to implement additional measures to ensure a regeneration of the filter under all operating conditions.
Since both the exhaust gases of spark-ignition engines and also the exhaust gases of diesel engines contain unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and also soot particles (in different quantities and qualities), use is often made of combined exhaust-gas aftertreatment systems, which comprise one or more of the above-described catalytic converters, reactors and/or filters.
A combined exhaust-gas aftertreatment system may for example comprise a storage catalytic converter and a particle filter. The particle filter as a honeycomb filter then serves at the same time as a carrier substrate for forming the storage catalytic converter. Herein, the honeycomb filter is coated with a catalytic material that is suitable for storing and reducing the nitrogen oxides contained in the exhaust gas. Such a system is characterized by a compact design. Furthermore, a plurality of carrier substrates may be reduced since the carrier substrate of the particle filter is used at the same time to form the storage catalytic converter.
It is attempted to arrange exhaust-gas aftertreatment systems as close as possible to the outlet of the internal combustion engine, such as close to the outlet openings of the cylinders, in order to be able to make optimum use of the hot exhaust gas and ensure a rapid light-off of the exhaust-gas aftertreatment systems and a sufficiently high system temperature. The path of the hot exhaust gases to the various exhaust-gas aftertreatment systems should be as short as possible, such that the exhaust gases are given little time to cool down and the exhaust-gas aftertreatment systems reach their operating temperature or light-off temperature as quickly as possible, in particular after a cold-start of the internal combustion engine.
It is therefore always sought to minimize the thermal inertia of the part of the exhaust-gas discharge system between the outlet opening at the cylinder and the exhaust-gas aftertreatment system, which can be achieved by reducing the mass and the length of said part.
For the reasons stated above, the exhaust manifold is frequently integrated into the cylinder head. The integration of the exhaust manifold additionally permits dense packaging of the drive unit. Furthermore, the exhaust manifold can benefit from a liquid-type cooling arrangement that may be provided in the cylinder head, such that the manifold does not need to be manufactured from expensive materials that can be subject to high thermal load.
Further measures are required to realize the temperatures necessary for an efficient exhaust-gas aftertreatment reliably and according to requirements, for example after a cold-start. Also, further measures are required to ensure or promote dense packaging of the exhaust-gas discharge system together with the exhaust-gas aftertreatment system, and consequently of the entire drive unit.
The inventors herein have recognized the above issues and identified an approach by which the issues described above may be at least partly addressed. In one example, a method comprises: during cold start conditions, closing a plurality of vanes coupled to an exhaust turbine outlet cone to concentrate exhaust flowing towards a portion of an exhaust aftertreatment device, and after attainment of exhaust aftertreatment device light-off temperature, adjusting an orientation of the plurality of vanes to introduce turbulence and homogeneity to exhaust flow reaching the exhaust aftertreatment device.
The object of the present disclosure is to provide an internal combustion engine in which the high temperatures required for an efficient exhaust-gas aftertreatment can be realized more quickly, in particular after a cold-start, and which has a dense packaging of the exhaust-gas discharge system together with the exhaust-gas aftertreatment.
Said object is achieved by means of an internal combustion engine comprising an intake system for feeding in charge air, an exhaust-gas discharge system for discharging exhaust gas, and at least one combined exhaust-gas aftertreatment system, which is arranged in the exhaust-gas discharge system and has an intake housing for feeding in exhaust gas. The housing comprises an adjustable ring-shaped guide device that leaves an opening free in the middle and comprises guide vanes that can be rotated by means of an adjusting device arranged in the intake housing. Each of the guide vanes is arranged on a guide vane specific shaft. A wall may be involved in forming the intake housing and bounding it on the outside enclosing the ring-shaped guide device while forming a gap between the guide vanes and the wall in the manner of a frame. In a closing position, the adjustable ring-shaped guide device may cover an annular segment of a deployable inlet flow cross section in the manner of a shutter.
In the case of the internal combustion engine according to the disclosure, the at least one exhaust-gas aftertreatment system is equipped with an adjustable ring-shaped guide device, which is arranged in the intake housing of the exhaust-gas aftertreatment and with which the exhaust-gas flow can be influenced in various ways before entering the exhaust-gas aftertreatment system.
For example, turbulences, such as vortexes, can be introduced into the exhaust-gas flow by means of the guide device. The exhaust-gas flow may also be deflected, in particular widened. This allows a uniform flow through the exhaust-gas aftertreatment system and its carrier substrate to be realized or ensured. While according to prior art the flow rate may vary more locally, such as not every region of the carrier substrate is flowed through by the same amount of exhaust gas, according to the disclosure, the exhaust gas to be after-treated is distributed uniformly or more uniformly over the entire exhaust-gas aftertreatment system. The local flow rates are equalized or evened out, for which reason the amounts of exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust-gas aftertreatment system do not vary locally as much or at all. The effects described above have a number of advantages at the same time.
On the one hand, the intake housing, which regularly widens in the direction of the exhaust-gas aftertreatment system, can be made comparatively short, and the exhaust-gas aftertreatment system can be advantageously arranged close to the engine.
On the other hand, the exhaust-gas aftertreatment system that is present is used in its entirety, and consequently more effectively, and it is not the case that some regions, in particular centrally arranged regions, are used more intensively than other regions, for example outer peripheral regions. To this extent, the exhaust-gas aftertreatment system as such can be made more compact, such as with a smaller volume, whereby the costs for the exhaust-gas aftertreatment system may also be reduced.
The provision according to the disclosure of a guide device consequently allows a dense packaging of the exhaust-gas discharge system together with the exhaust-gas aftertreatment system, and consequently a dense packaging of the drive unit as a whole.
In addition, the ring-shaped guide device can be adjusted and transferred into a closing position, in which the guide vanes of the guide device cover an annular segment of the flow cross section in the inlet region of the exhaust-gas aftertreatment in the manner of a shutter.
Then an opening through which the entire exhaust gas is conducted remains centrally in the closed position of the guide device. Transferring the guide device into the closed position has the effect of constricting the exhaust-gas flow and concentrating the entire exhaust gas flow to be after-treated to a locally confined region of the exhaust gas aftertreatment system. Such a concentration of the exhaust gas flow proves to be advantageous to maintain the temperature of the exhaust-gas aftertreatment system even with small amounts of exhaust gas. In particular, the local heating up of the exhaust-gas aftertreatment system after a cold-start may be brought about by enforced constriction or concentration of the exhaust-gas flow.
The internal combustion engine according to the disclosure is an internal combustion engine in which the high temperatures required for an efficient exhaust gas aftertreatment can be realized more quickly, in particular after a cold-start, and which has a dense packaging of the exhaust-gas discharge system together with the exhaust gas aftertreatment.
According to the disclosure, the guide device may have multiple rotatable guide vanes. The adjusting device may have a rotatable adjusting ring, wherein the guide vanes are adjustable by means of turning the adjusting ring.
The adjusting device has a rotatable adjusting ring, which is preferably mounted coaxially in relation to the intake housing. The guide vanes are kinematically coupled to the adjusting ring via intermediate elements, such that the guide vanes can be adjusted by turning of the ring. Pivotable levers may be provided as intermediate elements for the kinematic coupling of the adjusting ring to the guide vane specific shafts.
The levers may be respectively connected at their one end, on the shaft side, in a rotationally conjoint manner to a guide vane specific shaft and are mounted at their other end, on the ring side, movably in a recess of the adjusting ring, such that the guide vanes are adjustable by means of turning the adjusting ring. The levers may be directed inwardly from the adjusting ring, the adjusting ring is with respect to the levers an outer adjusting ring, which leads to a greater diameter of the adjusting ring. The pivotable levers may, however, also be directed outwardly from the adjusting ring. In an alternate embodiment, the adjusting ring then forms with respect to the levers an inner adjusting ring, which is characterized by a comparatively small diameter. In comparison with an outer adjusting ring, an inner adjusting ring leads to a more compact exhaust-gas aftertreatment system.
At least one turbine may be arranged in the exhaust-gas discharge system, preferably upstream of the at least one exhaust gas aftertreatment system. It may be advantageous to be able to use the enthalpy of the hot exhaust gases optimally and ensure a rapid response behavior of the turbine. At least one turbine may be a turbine of an exhaust-gas turbocharger which comprises a turbine arranged in the exhaust-gas discharge system and a compressor arranged in the intake system are advantageous.
Supercharging is primarily a method for increasing performance in which the air required for the combustion process in the engine is compressed, as a result of which a greater air mass can be fed to each cylinder in each working cycle. In this way, the fuel mass and therefore the mean pressure can be increased. For supercharging, use is preferably made of an exhaust-gas turbocharger, in which a compressor and a turbine are arranged on the same shaft. The hot exhaust-gas flow is fed to the turbine which expands in the turbine with a release of energy, as a result of which the shaft is set in rotation. The energy supplied by the exhaust-gas flow to the turbine and ultimately to the shaft is used for driving the compressor which is likewise arranged on the shaft. The compressor supplies and compresses the charge air fed to it, as a result of which supercharging of the cylinders is obtained. A charge-air cooler is advantageously provided in the intake system downstream of the compressor, by means of which charge-air cooler the compressed charge air is cooled before it enters the at least one cylinder. The cooler lowers the temperature and thereby increases the density of the charge air, such that the cooler also contributes to improved charging of the cylinders, that is to say to a greater air mass. In this way, compression by cooling takes place.
The advantage of an exhaust-gas turbocharger in comparison with a mechanical charger is that no mechanical connection for transmitting power exists or is required between the charger and the internal combustion engine. While a mechanical charger extracts the energy required for driving it entirely from the internal combustion engine, it thereby reduces the output power and consequently adversely affects the efficiency, the exhaust-gas turbocharger utilizes the exhaust-gas energy of the hot exhaust gases.
Supercharging is a suitable means for increasing the power of an internal combustion engine while maintaining an unchanged swept volume, or for reducing the swept volume while maintaining the same power. In any case, supercharging leads to an increase in volumetric power output and an improved power-to-weight ratio. If the swept volume is reduced, it is thus possible to shift the load collective toward higher loads, at which the specific fuel consumption is lower. By means of supercharging in combination with suitable transmission configurations, it is also possible to realize so-called downspeeding, with which it is likewise possible to achieve a lower specific fuel consumption.
Supercharging consequently assists in the constant efforts in the development of internal combustion engines to minimize fuel consumption that is to say to improve the efficiency of the internal combustion engine.
It is a further basic aim to reduce pollutant emissions. Supercharging can likewise be expedient in solving this issue. With targeted configuration of the supercharging, it is possible specifically to obtain advantages with regard to efficiency and with regard to exhaust-gas emissions.
The torque characteristic of a supercharged internal combustion engine may be improved by using multiple turbochargers, for example by multiple turbines of relatively small turbine cross section arranged in parallel (in a way similar to a sequential supercharging arrangement), wherein, with increasing exhaust-gas flow rate, turbines are activated successively. The torque characteristic of a supercharged internal combustion engine may also be improved by means of multiple series-connected exhaust-gas turbochargers, of which one exhaust-gas turbocharger serves as a high-pressure stage and one exhaust-gas turbocharger serves as a low-pressure stage.
Embodiments of an internal combustion engine in which at least two exhaust-gas turbochargers are provided, each comprising a turbine arranged in the exhaust-gas discharge system and a compressor arranged in the intake system, may therefore also be advantageous for the reasons stated above.
Embodiments of the internal combustion engine in which the intake housing is widened in the direction of flow to the at least one exhaust-gas aftertreatment system may be advantageous. This assists a widening of the exhaust-gas flow in the inlet region of the exhaust-gas aftertreatment system and is conducive to uniform impingement of the entire exhaust-gas aftertreatment system with exhaust gas
Embodiments of the internal combustion engine in which the intake housing is of a funnel-shaped form may be advantageous in this connection. A funnel shape provides a continuous widening of the intake housing and a continuous widening of the exhaust gas flow with as little pressure loss as possible in the exhaust-gas flow. Also, the intake housing may be of frustoconical form.
A sleeve arranged in the intake housing may be provided. The sleeve maybe aligned coaxially in relation to the intake housing and may pass through the central opening in the ring-shaped guide device. The sleeve may be widened in the direction of flow toward the at least one exhaust gas aftertreatment system. The sleeve may be one of a conical form or a frustoconical form. In addition, a holding device may be provided for the sleeve.
Each guide vane specific shaft may be of rectilinear form. A rectilinear form of the shaft simplifies the kinematics of the adjusting device in such a way that the turning of the guide vane specific shaft at the end on the adjusting ring side brings about a purely rotational movement of the associated guide vane, whereas a cranked shaft would cause a tumbling movement of the guide vane, which makes it more difficult for the rotatable guide vanes to be arranged in the intake housing with almost no gap and makes it difficult for the guide vanes to be arranged in multiple different turning positions with almost no gap.
In the present case, the vanes perform a purely rotational movement when the ring turns. As a result, an almost gapless arrangement of the rotatable guide vanes in the intake housing is possible, specifically in every turning position of the vanes. The latter is a significant advantage in comparison with cranked shafts, since it is intended that the exhaust-gas flow should be conducted across the guide vanes, and not via a gap past the guide vanes.
An actuating device may be used for the turning of the adjusting ring, wherein the actuating device may be both an electrical actuating device and a mechanical actuating device. A mounting may be provided for the adjusting ring, for example in the form of a rolling bearing.
It should be understood that the summary above is provided to introduce in simplified form a selection of concepts that are further described in the detailed description. It is not meant to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, the scope of which is defined uniquely by the claims that follow the detailed description. Furthermore, the claimed subject matter is not limited to implementations that solve any disadvantages noted above or in any part of this disclosure.

Exhaust gas passage with aftertreatment system


The image forming apparatus detects a predetermined image data included in image data and transmits an electromagnetic signal to a memory card within a predetermined vicinity of the image forming apparatus. The memory card is configured to carried by a user of the image forming apparatus. The image forming apparatus receives identification information of the user from the memory card and has a memory which stores predetermined function information. The predetermined function information is associated with to the identification information of a predetermined user and defines functions of the image forming apparatus which the predetermined user is authorized to use. When the predetermined image data is detected by the detector, the image forming apparatus restricts the functions of the image forming apparatus based on the predetermined function information associated with the identification information of the predetermined user.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an image forming apparatus that restricts functions that can be utilized for specific documents, such as confidential documents, and to a method for controlling the image forming apparatus.
2. Description of Related Art
In recent years, image forming apparatuses (such as printers, FAX, copiers, and multifunction machines) improve the image quality of image forming apparatuses and increase a number of functions included in the apparatuses. The image forming apparatuses restrict functions (such as an image forming process) that can be utilized for specific documents which contain specific document images, such as confidential documents or color documents, based on the user.
For example, when a specific document image is included in document image data read by a scanner unit of a color copier, the color copier prohibits a printer unit from reproducing the document image. A control center receives communication from a user of the color copier in a reproduction prohibited state, notifies the user of a password for the color copier. After that, the user enters a predetermined password into the color copier. The color copier then releases the prohibited reproduction and reproduces the document image (refer to Related Art 1 for an example).
Another copier has a reader/writer which can read RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) cards that can be carried by users as well as RFID sheets attached to confidential documents. The copier reads the RFID sheets of the documents set in the copier and RFID cards of users standing in the front of the copier. The copier is controlled to allow reproductions of these documents only when the access rights of the users read from the user's RFID card is higher than the level of confidentiality of the documents read from the RFID sheet of the documents set in the copier (refer to Related Art 2 for an example).                [Related Art 1] Japanese Patent Laid-open Publication 2003-050525 (FIG. 1)        [Related Art 2] Japanese Patent Laid-open Publication 2001-160117 (FIG. 2)
However, the following problems occurred in the conventional technologies.
The conventional copier required complicated operations of the user. In other words, when specific document images were included in the read document image data, the copier prohibited the printer unit from reproducing the document image data. The copier waited for the input of the password by the user to reproduce the document image data. Thus, the user had to contact the control center, and then the user had to enter, into the copier, the password received from the control center. These operations were very complicated for the user.
The another conventional copier also required complicated operations of the user. Further, the another copier increased cost. Only when the access rights of a user read from the user's RFID card was higher than the level of confidentiality of the documents read from the RFID of the documents set in the copier, the copier allowed reproductions of these documents. Thus, RFID sheets had to be attached to specific documents. This increased cost. Furthermore, this problem also reduced the quality of the specific documents.

Image forming apparatus and control method


In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a method for increasing the ignition reliability of a plasma in a plasma reactor, the method comprising: supplying a source gas to the plasma reactor, the source gas comprising: (a) at least one reactive compound; and (b) at least one ignition gas, wherein the at least one ignition gas increases the ignitability of the source gas as compared to the ignitability of the source gas lacking the at least one ignition gas.

During the formation of semiconductor devices, such as dynamic random access memories (DRAMs), static random access memories (SRAMs), microprocessors, etc., various layers are subject to either plasma etching, plasma deposition or both.
For example, insulating layers, such as silicon dioxide, phosphorous doped silicon dioxide, or other doped oxide, are used to electrically separate conductive layers, such as doped polycrystalline silicon, doped silicon, aluminum, refractory metal silicides, etc. It is often required that the conductive layers be interconnected through holes in the insulating layer. Such holes are commonly referred to as contact holes, i.e., when the hole extends through an insulating layer to an active device area, or vias, i.e., when the hole extends through an insulating layer between two conductive layers.
As known to those of skill in the art, various etch or deposition chemistries exist. Depending upon the layer to be etched or deposited, those of skill in the art recognize which etch chemistry or deposition chemistry to utilize.
For example, it is known to utilize plasmas containing fluorocarbons or hydrofluorocarbons to etch oxides relative to underlying silicon containing layers. Plasmas containing CF4 have been used to perform such an etch. In some cases, an inert gas such as argon is added to the etch chemistry. Using fluorocarbon or hydrofluorocarbon containing plasmas provides a means of selectively etching oxide films against an underlying silicon containing layer, i.e., the etching of the oxide film down to the underlying silicon layer without significantly etching the underlying silicon containing layer. In such a case, a high oxide to silicon etch rate ratio is required.
The mechanism responsible for the capability of fluorocarbons to accomplish high selectivity of silicon dioxide to silicon etch rate involves the combination of at least two phenomena. First, the deposition of nonvolatile residue, e.g., a polymeric containing residue, on various surfaces during the etching process, and second, the oxygen from the etching of the oxide in the process performs a particular role. While carbon containing residues are found to deposit on all surfaces inside an etch chamber containing fluorocarbon or hydrofluorocarbon plasmas, less accumulation is observed to occur on oxide surfaces, e.g., doped silicon dioxide, than on non-oxide surfaces, e.g., silicon containing surfaces such as silicon nitride, doped silicon, or polysilicon.
In other instances, etching of metal layers or metal containing layers needs to be accomplished. For example, metal layers in semiconductors can be formed of copper, aluminum, aluminum alloys such as Al—Cu, Al—Si, Al—Cu—Si, etc.
As is known to those of skill in the art, the various chemistries utilized to etch such insulation layers and/or metal layers, and in the plasma deposition of other materials are typically difficult to ignite reliably in a plasma etching apparatus. Thus, there exists a need for a plasma etching method which permits reliable ignition of the etch chemistry. Additionally, there exists a need in the art for a plasma deposition chemistry which ignites reliably.

Method to improve ignition in plasma etching or plasma deposition steps


A method for detection of a network address translation (NAT) device in a network is described herein. An edge network device detects a first packet at an edge port of the edge network device. A second packet is detected at the edge port of the edge network device. It is determined whether a time to live (TTL) value associated with the first packet is different from a TTL value associated with the second packet. Where the TTL value associated with the first packet is different from a TTL value associated with the second packet, it is determined that a NAT device is connected to the edge port. Where the TTL value associated with the first packet is the same as a TTL value associated with the second packet, it is determined that a NAT device is not connected to the edge port.

A Network Address Translation (NAT) device is commonly used in Internet Protocol (IP) translation and mapping technology. These devices are often used to allow multiple users to gain access to a network via one address. A gateway may map many IP addresses on one side of the NAT device to one IP address (or a small number of IP addresses) on the other side. Using this mapping, a number of hosts each associated with an IP address may exist behind one NAT device, and their network traffic is seen on the other side of the NAT device as coming from a single IP address (or a small number of IP addresses).
The existence of NAT devices on a network has been a challenge to network and security administrators, as it can potentially hide unauthorized hosts, or even entire networks from network management systems, security systems and administrators. This threat may be made more severe where the NAT device is a wireless router, which can enable a hidden host outside an organization's premise to connect to the network of the organization.
Detection of NAT devices can be difficult because they can be virtually indistinguishable from a host computer. For example, an unauthorized host may connect to the protected network via the NAT device. When the unauthorized host sends a packet to the network, the source IP address in the packet of the unauthorized host are replaced with the IP address by the NAT device. This feature of the NAT device renders the detection of the source of any dubious access or operation to or in the protected network quite difficult.

Methods and apparatus for detection of a NAT device

Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.


Users may request notification of occurrence of video game play events. Upon occurrence of the video game play events, the users may be provided access to live streams of play of the video games. In some embodiments the video game play events may occur across play of a multitude of video games using a multitude of game hosts, including in some embodiments different video games, and play of the video games may be at unscheduled times.

The present invention relates generally to video games, and more particularly to distribution of live video game play to viewers.
Video games provide fun and enjoyment for many. Video games allow users to participate in a variety of simulated activities. Video games allow users to perform roles and experience activities that the users may not be able or desire to experience directly, whether due to cost, danger, or equipment concerns, or simply due to a role or activity being a fantasy.
At times a particular user may have difficulties accomplishing various tasks during play of a video game. Those tasks may have been successfully accomplished by others. Indeed, the particular user may know or know of other players that have accomplished those tasks, or are believed to have sufficient skill to be able to easily surmount those tasks. Unfortunately, the particular user may not have access to information as to how the other players approached or accomplished those tasks.
Moreover, the nature of the tasks may change dynamically over time, in for example player against player competitions (including multi-player against multi-player competitions) as different players independently arrive at use of different tactics and stratagems. A particular user may have little opportunity to stay up-to-date as to various approaches the user or the user's potential opponents may take.

Video game notifications for streaming games


A rack for storing elongated articles is formed of flexible nylon webbing and a number of clasp-like connectors. A main support strap bears the weight of all the stored items, which are individually secured to the main support strap by loops formed by joining the free ends of lengths of webbing, the opposite ends of which are affixed to the main support strap. The hanger straps of the present invention do not need to be connected to a wall, but instead can be suspended from any point on the ceiling. When not in use, the hanger straps can be rolled up into a compact pack for storage or shipment.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention is in the field of racks, and specifically relates to a flexible hanging strap for supporting a number of elongated objects in a horizontal position.
2. The Prior Art
In U.S. Pat. No. 4,396,138, Kirschner shows an apparatus for carrying skis on the roof of a car. A number of bolsters 22 are spaced along a cord or cable 18 that extends horizontally across the roof of the car. Each bolster includes a clamping line 24 that draws the skis snugly against the bolster. In contrast, the present invention does not require the use of bolsters.
In U.S. Pat. No. 2,302,300, Davies shows a cradle that can be mounted to the window sill of a car for /// /// /// carrying a pair of skis along the side of the car. A flexible strap is used to restrain the skis in the cradle, but the strap does not support the skis.
In U.S. Pat. No. 3,167,182, Calvin shows a gun rack formed of metal straps that are covered with a plastic tube and that are bent to form a cradle-like portions of the rack that support the guns. The rack is intended to be mounted in a vehicle, and the guns are prevented from bouncing out of their cradles by means of adjustable flexible straps. The straps do not support the guns, and no loops are formed along the straps.
In U.S. Pat. No. 3,294,247, Norrington shows a gun rack having rigid cradles that are attached to rigid strap metal for supporting the guns. No flexible straps are used.
In U.S. Pat. No. 4,271,997, Michael shows a ski rack mounted to the curved inside wall of a van. No flexible straps are used.
Finally, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,527,354, Sokolow shows a rack made of pipe for mounting water skis.
Thus, although many forms of racks are known in the art, the unique structure of the present invention does not appear to be known. /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// ///


The present invention relates to a regulating valve for regulating and automatically controlling a fluid for a constant flow, comprising a valve body, a valve stem in the body, a pressure difference transducer, a first clack, and a second clack whose main body is a sleeve. At the outside of the sleeve are provided two concentric projects and guiding ribs perpendicular to the projects. The invention, compared to the prior art, has advantages of good performance and reliability, simple and compact structure. The regulating valve according to the invention can automatically regulated with an electric actuator or a pneumatic actuator.

The present invention relates to a valve, particularly, to a valve for regulating flow of a fluid therethrough. The valve according to the invention can keep flow of a fluid constant.
A fluid in a transfer system such as heat supply, air conditioning and water supply needs to be properly distributed in various branches of the system. The flow of the fluid in the branches relies on the pressure of the fluid in the system. In general, it is very difficult to control the flow of the branches in practice because the pressure of the fluid cannot be kept constant. As a result, a lot of energy has been lost.
A number of efforts have been made to overcome the drawbacks in the prior art. For example, people have provided various devices for keeping the flow of the fluid constant even if a pressure difference of the fluid of the transfer system occurs. Chinese utility model patent 96215731.7 (invented by the applicant of this PCT application) disclose a self-regulated balance valve which comprises a main valve body, an assistant part, a worm-drive butterfly clack, a double-seat clack (automatic valve core), and a pressure difference transducer consisting of a membrane, a spring and a membrane case. Although the valve disclosed in this patent may keep a constant flow in some range, the valve is of a complicated structure and a big volume because a fluid channel is needed to match the double-seat clack""s work. Moreover, the valve in question can only regulate the fluid with a small pressure change and cannot electrically or pneumatically be controlled.
Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a regulating valve for a constant flow, which has a simple and compact structure, a smaller size, a lower cost, a better property for keeping a constant flow of a fluid to overcome the shortcomings in the prior art. The flow of the fluid can be kept constant within a larger range of the pressure change suffered by the valve, if the flow is predetermined. The regulating valve according to the invention may be controlled not only manually, but also automatically by an electrical or a pneumatic actuator.
According to the present invention, there is provided a regulating valve comprising a valve body with a upper cover and a lower cover, having a upper chamber, a middle chamber and a lower chamber; and a valve stem, a sealing stuff, a sealing flange and an actuator being mounted to the center of the upper cover. A first clack positioned within the upper chamber and the middle chamber of the valve body is connected to the valve stem, the outer surface of the first clack is associated with the inner surface of the middle chamber of the valve body and faced to a throttle hole positioned on the inner surface of the middle chamber, the lower end of the valve stem is connected to one end of a pressure difference transducer, another end of the pressure difference transducer is connected to a second clack, which is associated with two concentric seats positioned between the middle chamber and the lower chamber of the valve body, a first channel is provided between the upper portion of an outlet chamber of the valve body and the upper chamber, and a second channel is provided between the upper chamber and the inside of the pressure difference transducer so that the outlet chamber is communicated with the inside of the pressure difference transducer.
The first clack in the invention may comprise a connecting sleeve at the upper portion thereof, to which the lower end of the stem is connected, and a sleeve at the lower portion, whose lower end is of an opening of an oblique plane. A sealing ring may be positioned in an O-flute at the outside of the connecting sleeve to attach the inner surface of the upper chamber. A hole is provided at the upper end of the sleeve in this invention.
The second clack used in the invention may be a cylinder whose upper end is closed, two circular projections are provided at the outside of the second clack, 3-6 guiding ribs perpendicular to the circular ribs are provided at the outside of the second clack to form 3-6 holes at the outside of the upper portion of the second clack, and on the upper end of the second clack is provided a square projection extended upwards through the square hole of the first clack.
In the regulating valve according to the invention, the pressure difference transducer is selected from those conventionally used in the art such as made of a bellows, a rubber membrane or a sliding piston.
The actuator used in the invention may be a manual, an electrical, or pneumatic one. The actuator is connected to a pointer fastened by a locking bolt. The pointer indicates the scale of a dial on the upper surface of the upper cover for showing the flow.
The regulating valve according to the invention further comprises a screw rod installed in the core of the valve stem. The lower end of the screw stem is connected to a cover for covering a spring connected to the bottom of the inner of the pressure difference transducer.
The regulating valve according to the invention will be described as follows.
First, the first clack is driven by rotating the valve stem via the actuator such as a handwheel. When the pointer on the handwheel rotates to a position where the scale shows the desired flow, the handwheel is locked by the locking bolt. In this case, the setting of the flow is completed. Thereafter, when the pressure of the fluid suffered by the regulating valve changes, the second clack is moved up and down together with the movement of the pressure difference transducer. This regulates the change of the flow caused by the pressure changes to keep the flow through the valve constant. Alternatively, an automatically regulating valve according to the present invention may be provided in an automatic control system, in which the valve is driven by an electrical or a pneumatic actuator instead of the handwheel. In this case, it may avoid the actuator of the valve being initiated frequently due to the pressure change, so as to improve the stability of the system and prolong the life of the valve.


A power-operated chuck for machine tools, the chuck having a base body attachable to the machine tool, at least two clamping jaws held moveably in the base body are synchronously controlled and moved radially onto a workpiece to be clamped by one wedge rod each, and an actuating element is held in an axially movable arrangement in the base body and is connected in a force-locking arrangement with each of the wedge rods and is held coaxially in the base body in relation to its longitudinal axis, there being play between the actuating element and the base body, the chuck permitting central positioning of the workpiece to be clamped in relation to the longitudinal axis of the chuck and, the chuck permitting the centering adjustment to be undertaken throughout the machining process.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a power-operated chuck.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Power-operated chucks of this kind are disclosed in EP 0069917 and EP 0085782. These power-operated chucks have been developed by the patent Assignee and have been successfully marketed by the same for decades. These power-operated chucks have proven effective in practice.
EP 0085782, in particular, shows that each of the clamping jaws is provided with a compensation clamping jaw set suitable for clamping unevenly shaped workpieces and is adapted to be advanced radially independently from the clamping jaw set. Both the clamping jaw set and the centering clamping jaws are adapted to be actuated by wedge rods.
The chucks developed and sold by the patent Assignee have one technical deficit. This is to say, that if it is necessary to secure workpieces reliably that have a large inherent weight and an exterior diameter of more than 0.5 meters, then chucks of the prior art cannot be used, because workpieces of this kind cannot be centered exactly. Workpieces of this type, for example, are to be used as rotors in large electric motors. These rotors and other rotationally symmetrical workpieces must be manufactured as precision components. Therefore, even during the extensive metal-cutting machining of workpieces of this kind, it is necessary for the workpieces to be clamped as coaxially, or centrally, as possible, in relation to the chuck. This means the longitudinal axis of the workpieces to be clamped must be aligned flush with the longitudinal axis of the chuck.
The chucks of the prior art do make it possible with small workpieces for the existing play between, on the one hand, the actuating element configured as a piston which is mounted in an axially movable arrangement in the base body of the chuck and, on the other hand, the base body. However, the greater the outside circumference of the actuating element, the greater is the amount of play existing between the actuating element, in particular between a piston, and the inside diameter of a base body. Error tolerances of this kind cannot be excluded for reasons of manufacturing requirements.
These bearing play problems cannot be compensated for as inaccuracies in the clamping of the workpiece, rather the inaccuracies are transmitted to the clamping situation of the workpiece. Therefore, there is an inaccuracy between the position of the workpiece and the center of the chuck. It is not possible to compensate for the existing inaccuracies in the subsequent machining of the workpieces, with the effect that there are error tolerances in the final status of the machined workpiece, although such should be avoided in high-precision components.
It has proven to be a further disadvantage in the prior art chucks that clamping errors arise during the machining process which is often time consuming and complicated, because the machined workpiece becomes lighter during the machining process, as a result of having material removed from it. Such working procedures, involving material removal, then result in the original position of the workpiece being changed in relation to the chuck and, therefore, in relation to the machine tool.
The clamped workpieces are rotated by the machine tool in order to be machined, therefore in the case of a chuck with three clamping jaws offset at an angle of 120° in relation to one another, and in particular with exceedingly heavy workpieces of 20 tons inherent weight, for example, it has been observed that one of the chucks which is located from time to time in a certain angular position of the chuck has to carry the weight of the workpiece exclusively, with the effect that chucks of this kind must be configured to be extremely sturdy or with appropriate dimensions, because the individual clamping jaw has to absorb the clamping forces that arise due to the weight of the workpiece.
The purpose of the present invention is, therefore, to configure a power-operated chuck of the aforementioned kind in such a way that, firstly, the workpiece to be clamped is precisely centred in relation to the longitudinal axis of the chuck and, secondly, there is a centering adjustment possibility available permanently throughout the machining process. Furthermore, the chuck in accordance with the present invention provides a reliable and sustained support, even of extremely heavy workpieces, with an inside or outside diameter of at least 0.5 meters. Moreover, it is possible to reduce the number of chucks to a minimum, preferably to two or three chucks.


An image detection module comprises a base, a seat movably disposed on the base, an image detection unit on the seat, a first guide member by which the seat is joined to the base, moving relative to the base, a first coil on either the base or the seat, a first magnet on either the base or the seat and opposite to the first coil, a first auxiliary magnet on either the base or the seat, corresponding to the first magnet and the first coil between the first magnet an the first auxiliary magnet, and a first Hall element on either the base or the seat and adjacent to the first coil. A magnetic force is generated between the first coil, the first magnet and the first auxiliary magnet by a voltage provided to the first coil, moving the seat along the first axis along the first guide element.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to an image detection module, and in particular to an image detection module having an image detection unit with 2-dimensional motion.
2. Description of the Related Art
Referring to FIG. 1, U.S. Pat. No. 5,266,988 discloses an image shake suppressing device for a camera. The image shake suppressing device is mounted in a lens 32. When the camera is used, angular velocity meters 33p and 33y measure the angular velocity of the moving camera and provide the measured data to a circuit to drive driving parts 37p and 37y moving the lens 32 along a vertical optical axis, thereby compensating or suppressing blur due to vibration of the camera.
Because the lens, however, is moved along a vertical optical axis, the MTF value thereof is reduced. The compensation method has limited compensation effect and may reduce image quality.
Referring to FIG. 2, Japan patent No. 3551174 discloses a moving mechanism. The moving mechanism employs piezoelectric elements 35 to drive a shaft 34 so as to move an image detection unit 16, such as CCD, in a vertical direction, such that blur can be compensated or suppressed, and it is applicable to any lens.
The piezoelectric elements must be driven by voltage to move the CCD. As the CCD, however, is heavier than a single lens, a large piezoelectric element is needed, increasing the volume of the camera.


A multiple layered interconnect structure to provide an electrical interface between one or more electrical elements on a head to read/write circuitry is disclosed. The interconnect structure includes first and second interconnecting layers. The first interconnecting layer is formed on a slider body of the head and includes a first or lower bond pad connectable to one or more electrical elements on the slider body through the first interconnecting layer. The second interconnecting layer includes a second or upper bond pad connectable to the one or more transducer elements through the second interconnecting layer. The second interconnecting layer is on top of the first interconnecting layer and the structure includes an insulating layer between the first and second interconnecting layers. In illustrated embodiments, the first and second interconnecting layers are formed on a back side or surface of the slider body to form top side upper and lower bond pads that interface with bond pads on a flex circuit to provide the interface to R/W circuitry.

Data storage devices store data on a data storage media. Illustrative data storage devices include a head having one or more transducer elements to read and/or write data to the data storage media. An interconnect structure or assembly electrically connects the one or more transducer elements on the head to read/write or head circuitry of the device. In illustrated embodiments, the interconnect assembly includes a flex circuit having a plurality of flex traces that connect to the one or more transducer elements through an interconnect structure on the head. Embodiments of the present application relate to an interconnect structure which offers advantages over prior interconnect structures.

Multiple layered head interconnect structure


The present disclosure relates to a conductive layer, a thin film transistor and manufacturing methods therefor, an array substrate and a display device, in the field of displays. The conductive layer comprises: a metal layer and an organophosphorus-metal complex covering the metal layer. In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the organophosphorus-metal complex is manufactured on the surface of the metal layer to form the conductive layer. The conductive layer is adopted as an electrode material. In one aspect, the organophosphorus-metal complex has conductivity and can prevent the surface of metal from making contact with oxygen, thereby avoiding metal oxidation under the premise of not affecting the performances of the electrode when serving as a material of the electrode in a TFT. In the other aspect, the organophosphorus-metal complex can increase a binding force between the metal and photoresist and avoids stripping of the photoresist. Therefore, etching liquid is prevented from etching the metal in a position without the need of etching. The conductive layer provided by the present disclosure has the performances in the above two aspects. Therefore, the stability and electronic transmission performances of the electrode can be improved by adopting such a conductive layer to manufacture the electrode of the thin film transistor.

A thin film transistor (TFT) is an important constituent part of a liquid crystal display (LCD). The TFT comprises a base, and a gate electrode, a gate electrode insulating layer, an active layer, a source/drain (S/D) electrode and an insulating protective layer which are laminated on the base in sequence.
A material with small resistance and high conductivity, for example, Cu or Al, is usually selected as the material of an electrode (the gate electrode or S/D electrode) in the TFT, such that the power consumption and the voltage drop are reduced and a response speed is improved. By taking Cu as an example, when Cu is adopted to manufacture the electrode, a layer of Cu is deposited at first, then a photoresist pattern is formed on the layer of Cu, and then the part not shielded by the photoresist pattern is etched by adopting an etching liquid to obtain the electrode. However, in one aspect, since Cu is high in conductivity, there exists a thinning requirement when the electrode is manufactured. In order to manufacture the electrode with a smaller width, during etching, the corresponding photoresist pattern is also thinner. In addition, a binding force between Cu and the photoresist is not high enough, and as a result, the photoresist is easy to strip. In another aspect, the etching liquid adopted for etching Cu is small in viscosity and can easily enters a space between the photoresist and Cu. For the reasons in these two aspects, the etching liquid may etch Cu in a position without a need of etching. Besides, Cu is more active and can be easily oxidized when making contact oxygen and water, which affects a contact resistance between the electrode and other film layers.
Therefore, when Cu or Al is adopted to manufacture the electrode, the problems of how to prevent the etching liquid from etching Cu or Al in the position without the need of etching and how to avoid oxidation of Cu or Al, etc., are especially important.

Conductive layer, thin film transistor and manufacturing methods therefor, array substrate and display device


The present disclosure provides a UAV operation route planning method, a UAV pesticide spreading planning method and device for providing improvements on the operation accuracy of UAV. The UAV operation route method comprises steps of: obtaining a plurality of sub-areas of an operation area of a UAV; exhausting operation orders of the sub-areas and waypoint sequences in each of the sub-areas, respectively; planning routes according to the operation orders of the sub-areas and the waypoint sequences in each of the sub-areas to obtain all routes in the operation area; and determining a route in all the routes having a total voyage meeting a preset constraint condition as an optimal operation route.

With the wide use of UAV technology in various fields, researches on UAV route planning are particularly necessary.
Currently, UAV control is mainly focused on manual visual control or remote control. The visual control is to control the UAV's flight by manually manipulating a remote controller by a driver to plan the route in real time based on the driver's vision. The remote control is to control the UAV's flight remotely by the driver to plan the route in real time with reference to the positioning of the UAV. It can be seen that both of the visual control and the remote control are greatly affected by human factors. Driving fatigue and visual error can cause the UAV route deviation, which affects the accuracy of UAV operation.

UAV operation route planning method, UAV pesticide spreading method and device

BEIJING BOE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT CO., LTD.