A blood sample is prepared by combining a fluorescently tagged monoclonal antibody with blood cells. The sample is then passed through a flow cytometer and light scattered by each blood cell in two directions is sensed simultaneously by a single sensor. Lymphocytes are discriminated from other cells by using an intensity distribution of the total scattered light. Then, by using a distribution of fluorescent light intensity of each cell thus discriminated, the cells in a lymphocyte subclass of interest are enumerated with a high accuracy. The data acquired are utilized in diagnosing immunological incompetence or the like.

1. Field of the Invention:
This invention relates to the measurement and quantification of lymphocyte subclasses or subpopulations. More particularly, the invention relates to a method and an apparatus for measuring, based on the principle of flow cytometry, blood cells to which fluorescently tagged monoclonal antibodies are bound for identifying lymphocyte subclasses.
2. Description of the Prior Art:
The white blood cells in the blood of a healthy individual include a variety of lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils). Among these, lymphocytes are composed of a plurality of subclasses such as B cells, T cells, N cells and K cells. The T cells can be further divided into such subtypes as helpers, suppressors and killer T cells. Measuring the relative numbers of these lymphocyte subclasses and constituent cells is useful in diagnosing immunological incompetence and in ascertaining the condition of various immunoregulatory disorders. It is also useful in observing the progress of medical treatment of various illnesses.
Each subclass of lymphocyte is characterized by an antigenic determinant on the surface of the cells belonging to the subclass. These antigenic determinants can be identified by specific monoclonal antibodies uniquely bound to the respective antigenic determinants. Examples of monoclonal antibodies for identifying T cells include CD2 (OKT11, Leu-5), CD3 (OKT3, Leu-4) and CD5 (OKT1, Leu-1). An example of a monoclonal antibody for identifying B cells is CD20 (B1). Further, an example of a monoclonal antibody for identifying T cells is CD4 (OKT4, Leu-3).
If these monoclonal antibodies are fluorescently tagged and reacted with blood cells and the fluorescence due to the fluorescent stain is examined, the lymphocytes that belong to a specific subclass can be detected.
A method of identifying and quantifying lymphocyte subclasses based on the principle of flow cytometry using fluorescently tagged antibodies is disclosed in e.g. the specification of Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Publication (KOKAI) No. 56-16872. In order to identify lymphocytes in accordance with the disclosed method, signal processing is performed in which a two-dimensional signal strength distribution is displayed using signals on two channels, and a two-dimensional specific region in which lymphocytes are present is determined and enclosed.
A problem with the conventional method described above is that the signal processing for automatically determining and enclosing a specific region in the two-dimensional signal strength distribution in which the lymphocytes are present is extremely complicated and is not suited to an apparatus for identifying and quantifying lymphocyte subclasses automatically.
Though the construction of the apparatus and the procedure are greatly simplified if only one type of signal, e.g. side-scattered light only, is used to distinguish lymphocytes based on the signal strength distribution, isolating the lymphocytes from the ghosts of white or red blood cells is unsatisfactory.
The specification of Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Publication (KOKAI) No. 60-36960 discloses a method of distinguishing lymphocytes among white and red blood cells by combining measured values of forward-scattered light and side-scattered light detected when blood cells are irradiated with light, and converting these measured values into a one-dimensional parameter. However, effecting the conversion into a one-dimensional parameter is a complicated task requiring a voluminous amount of hardware and software. It is also necessary to make the conversion one blood cell at a time, thus requiring an exorbitant amount of time to measure a single blood sample. As a result, the method is not practical for application to an automated apparatus.

Apparatus for measuring lymphocyte subclasses


A method of forming a ferroelectric capacitor, in particular for use in a FeRAM or high-k DRAM application, and a capacitor made by the method. The method comprises forming a first layer which is patterned, for example by a reactive ion etching method. A ferroelectric material is then formed over the patterned first layer. The morphology of the ferroelectric material will be dependent upon the patterning of the first layer. The ferroeletric layer is then patterned, for example using a wet etching or a reactive ion etching method. The etching will depend upon the morphology of the ferroelectric layer. After etching the ferroelectric layer, a conductive layer is provided over the ferroelectric layer to form a first electrode of the capacitor. If the first layer is a conductive layer, this forms the second electrode. If the first layer is a non-conductive layer, the conductive layer is patterned to form both the first and second electrodes.

The present invention relates to a method of patterning capacitors, especially for ferroelectric applications including non-volatile memories known as FeRAM and for high-k dynamic random access memory (DRAM).
Ferroelectric capacitors have the advantage that they are able to switch quickly and can be fabricated on a single VLSI chip.
FeRAM""s are advantageous in that they have the endurance of DRAM, the fast read/write times of SRAM and the non-volatility of flash.
Conventionally, an FeRAM is manufactured by depositing a ferroelectric film, such as lead zirconate titanate (PZT) or strontium ruthenium oxide (SRO) on a first, planar, electrode film, and forming a second electrode film over the ferroelectric layer. The second electrode layer and the ferroelectric film are then etched using a reactive ion etch method, after which the first electrode film is etched using a similar method. The result is a number of stacks comprising a first and second electrode film sandwiching the ferroelectric film.
Such a manufacturing method has various disadvantages. Firstly, due to the low etch rate of the ferroelectric film, the devices are slow to manufacture and this results in a low productivity. Secondly, as a result of the poor selectivity of the etch mask, the etching has a low taper angle. This reduces the density of capacitors that may be formed on the device, and therefore limits the capacity of a memory formed using the technique.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, a method of forming a capacitor includes the steps of:
providing a first layer,
patterning the first layer:
forming a second layer on the first layer, the second layer being formed of a ferroelectric material, the ferroelectric material having a morphology dependent upon the underlying first layer;
patterning the second layer; and,
forming a conductive layer over the resulting structure.
With the method according to the present invention, the patterning of the second, ferroelectric layer, will be dependent upon the morphology of the layer, which is in turn dependent upon the patterning of the underlying, first layer. Therefore, by patterning the first layer prior to forming the ferroelectric layer, the patterning of the ferroelectric layer may advantageously be affected. In particular, where the ferroelectric layer is formed over a portion where the first layer remains, the ferroelectric layer may have a crystalline morphology, however where the ferroelectric layer is deposited over a portion where the first layer has been removed, the ferroelectric layer may have an amorphous morphology. Since the patterning of the ferroelectric layer is dependent upon the morphology of the ferroelectric layer, the patterning will be different in different regions dependent upon the patterning of the underlying layer.
The patterning of the first layer may be carried out by a reactive Ion etching (RIE) method. Such a method for etching electrically conductive and electrically insulating materials is well known.
The patterning of the ferroelectric layer is preferably carried out by a reactive ion etch or a wet etching method. For both methods, the rate of etching of ferroelectric material is much greater for amorphous material than for crystalline material. For example, for PZT, the etch rate for amorphous PZT by a reactive ion etching method is about four times that for crystalline PZT, and for etching using a wet etching method, the etch rate for amorphous PZT is about nine times that for amorphous PZT. Therefore, by patterning the underlying first layer, to selectively control the morphology of the ferroelectric layer, the time required for etching of the ferroelectric layer may be reduced. A further advantage of the present invention is that the selective etching of a ferroelectric layer by selective reactive ion etching is that no mask is required. This is advantageous as it avoids the cost and time associated with producing such a mask. Furthermore, the etching is able to create a steeper taper angle than is possible with the use of a mask. This allows a greater density of capacitors to be formed.
In one embodiment, the first layer is formed of an electrically conductive material, such as Pt, Ir. IrO2 or SRO. Where the first layer is formed of an electrically conductive material, this layer may form a first electrode with the conductive layer deposited over the ferroelectric layer forming a second electrode.
In an alternative embodiment, the first layer is formed of a generally non-electrically conductive material, such as Al2O3, SiN or SiO2. In this case, it is preferred that the electrically conductive layer deposited over the ferroelectric layer functions as both electrodes.
According to a second aspect of the present Invention, there is provided a capacitor formed in accordance with the method of the first aspect of the present invention.

Method of patterning capacitors and capacitors made thereby


There is provided a method for establishing a connection between a Neutral Host (NH) network and one or more virtual radio access networks (vRANs), under a service level agreement (SLA) therebetween. The method comprises: sending a message to the one or more vRANs, the message including an identity of the NH network and at least a first radio parameter; in response to the message, receiving an identity of the one or more vRANs and at least a second radio parameter; and establishing the connection between the NH network and the one or more vRANs, based on the identity of the one or more vRANs, the identity of the NH network and one of the at least first radio parameter and the at least second radio parameter. The method is implemented in a network node, such as a Distributed Unit of a gNB.

A significant cost for network operators when deploying small cells is the cost of site access and site internet connectivity. Studies have shown that these costs are the main barrier to deploying many small cells. One solution is to share those costs across a number of network operators. This is the approach of Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS). However, for non DAS systems, methods of supporting the deployment of many small cells are currently complex and expensive. A solution that allows cost effective sharing of Radio access network (RAN) infrastructure across many networks and service providers is highly desirable.
Virtual Radio Access Network (vRAN) is a network architecture for Long Term Evolution (LTE) that allows functional and physical separations of the LTE protocol stacks. As such, the functions of transport and control, within an eNodeB or base station, are separated into two distinct physical entities. For example, vRAN has been introduced and described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,131,526 B2.
A similar protocol stack split is defined for 3GPP and 5 Generation (5G) New Radio (NR). It is also applicable for Multefire networks. A new interface is defined, which is the interface between the Radio Control Function (RCF) entity and the Baseband Processing Function (BPF) entity. This interface is being standardized by 3GPP in Release 15 (Rel. 15) and is referred to as the "F1" interface. As a note, 3GPP is also currently deciding if the F1 interface can also be used for 4G LTE as well as 5G NR.
The separation of the upper and lower LTE or 5NR protocol stack with the defined interface allows a separation of ownership, administrative and management domains of the radio access points (e.g. BPF, radio unit) and vRAN functions (e.g. Packet Processing Function (PPF), RCF). This means that one entity may provide and manage the BPF, or the radio unit equipment and resources, which can be used by many different service providers (e.g. Mobile Network Operators (MNO)) by connecting their vRAN RCF and PPF functions. This is termed "Neutral Host" (NH).
Neutral host (NH) providers are entities that plan, install and run the RAN but do not have their own subscribers and (usually) do not own their own radio spectrum licenses. Instead they lease their network capabilities to other wireless service providers. For example, a sport stadium neutral host provider can lease its network to one or more wireless service providers such as existing MNOs (e.g. Rogers™) or Boingo™ or even non-traditional MNOs such as Google™.

Method for establishing a connection between a neutral host network and one or more virtual radio access networks


Of the various technological features disclosed in the present specification, a structure according to the one technological feature is as follows. A lighting apparatus changeable between an illuminating state and a non-illuminating state comprising: a non-contact motion sensor arranged to sense a movement of a hand near the lighting apparatus; and a controller arranged to control the lighting apparatus in the non-illuminating state to change from the non-illuminating state to the illuminating state in response to the movement of hand sensed by the non-contact motion sensor, and to control the lighting apparatus in the illuminating state to cause a change in illumination with the illuminating state kept in response to the same movement of hand sensed by the non-contact motion sensor.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a lighting apparatus.
2. Description of Related Art
Conventionally, various lighting apparatuses are proposed for various purposes. As a light source that is used in a lighting apparatus, a fluorescent lamp is general; however, in recent years, the use of LEDs also is ongoing. Besides, various propositions for control of lighting apparatuses are performed.
For example, a kitchen apparatus is proposed, which on a front surface of a lighting apparatus that serves as a light source when cooking is performed on a top plate, has a switch apparatus composed of a non-contact type sensor such as an infrared-rays sensor and the like that detect a human body and control turning on-off operation of the light source. And, a proposition is performed, in which a vertical-direction detection area of this sensor is formed between a plane that spreads in front of a sensor front surface and is substantially horizontal with respect to the top plate and a plane that virtually spreads from the sensor front surface to a front edge of the top plate (JP-A-1991-233804).
Besides, a proposition is performed, in which in a similar kitchen apparatus, the sensor detection area is an area that is enclosed by: a virtual vertical plane that spreads from a front surface of a hung door type cabinet which is above the top plate; a plane that spreads in front of the sensor front surface and is substantially horizontal with respect to the top plate; and a virtual plane that spreads from the sensor front surface to the front edge of the top plate (JP-A-1991-277313).
On the other hand, a bathroom, which includes a lighting unit that is able to change a brightness and a color, is proposed, in which a switch in a lighting control box that controls the lighting unit is composed of a non-contact reflection type sensor (JP-A-1993-166586).
However, in connection with the function and control of the lighting apparatus, there are many challenges to be further examined.


A segmented seal is disposed between a rotary heat-retaining body and its housing, the housing defining a hot flow path and a cool flow path through the housing and intersecting the heat retaining body, and the heat retaining body being movable to transfer heat from one flow path to the other. A plurality of serially-connected seal segments are attached to one of the body and the housing, the seal segments each extending along a seal line and overlapping one another along the seal line, the seal segments bearing against the other of the body and the housing to effect a seal.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to the field of heat exchangers, and in particular to a rotary regenerative heat exchanger having a particular construction of radial and/or circumferential seals.
2. Prior Art
In a conventional regenerative heat exchanging apparatus, a hot gas conduit, for example the exhaust of a fuel burning power plant, is routed alongside a cool gas conduit, for example the combustion air inlet to the plant. At one or more points along the path of the conduits, a movable heat exchanging body is disposed such that the hot gases can be passed through the heat exchanging body, which collects heat. The heat exchanging body is moved, for example by rotating it, such that the cool inlet gas is passed through heated portions of the body to extract the heat which was collected. Typically, the heat exchanging body is a cylindrical arrangement of sheet material, for example lengths of corrugated sheet metal wrapped in a roll about an axis around which the cylinder is to be rotated. The cylinder is typically subdivided into angular sectors by means of radial plates extending the axial length of the cylindrical body such that the gases passing through the cylindrical body are confined to one radial sector and cannot leak between the hot and cool sides. Similarly, structures defining the hot gas passage through the stationary housing in which the cylinder turns, and also the cool gas passage, also define angular sectors. When an angular sector as defined by plates of the cylindrical heat exchanging body aligns with the angular sector of the hot or cool passage, respectively, then gases pass through that sector.
The radially-extending plates of the heat exchange body are frequently sealed at the axial ends of the heat exchange body to the housing in which the heat exchange body turns. In this manner, intake air cannot leak from the air side to the gas side by passing around the outside of the heat exchanging body. There are numerous examples of different types of seals in the prior art, including, for example U.S. Pat. No. 4,098,323-Wiegard et al, disclosing axially-extending circumferential seals. U.S. Pat. No. 3,011,766-Hess discloses inner and outer radially-directed seals in a toroidal heat exchanger.
Cylindrical body heat exchangers with seals bridging from cylindrical bodies to their housings are disclosed for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,383,573-Wincze; 3,822,739-Kurschner; 3,545,532-Waitkus; 3,380,514-Eisenstein; 3,216,486-Hall et al; 3,182,715-Rayburn; 2,945,681-Burchfield; 2,692,760-Flurschutz; 2,549,656-Yerrick et al; 1,522,825-Ljungstrom; 1,746,598-Ljungstrom; 2,287,777-Boestad; 2,517,512-Tigges et al; 4,673,026-Hagar et al; 2,549,583-Eckersley; and 4,791,980-Hagar et al. The disclosures of all said patents are hereby incorporated.
Substantial difficulties are encountered in attempting to adequately seal between the cylindrical heat exchange body and the housing in which it rotates. The environment of combustion exhaust gases is corrosive and abrasive. Seals which bear in this environment against the cylindrical body from the housing, or vice versa, tend to be worn down quickly. Another problem is encountered in that heating and cooling of the heat exchange body produce thermal stresses causing the heat exchange body to warp or sag with variations in temperature, and affecting the clearance between the body and the housing, i.e., the dimensions of the space to be bridged by the seals Where, for example, a heat exchange body is expected to rotate on a vertical axis deformation of the cylindrical heat exchange body with heating may take the form of axial displacement at the circumference of the heat exchange body, the heat exchange body sagging to resemble the form of a truncated cone. Of course, should the seals be dimensioned to accommodate a precisely cylindrical arrangement, the lower seals will be quickly worn down and the upper seals may define a gap with respect to the top of the housing.
The foregoing prior art references attempt a number of seal arrangements in an effort to accommodate these very demanding conditions. Spring biased displaceable seal elements, magnetically displaceable seal elements, telescopically displaceable seal elements and other variations all appear in the prior art. However, more and more complicated mounting and/or displacement configurations for the seals, cause greater and greater problems due the abrasive nature of the environment interfering with correct operation of the seals. In such an abrasive and corrosive environment, simpler seals may be longer lived. On the other hand, simpler seals are more difficult to adapt to the variations in the span of the seal which are required to maintain a seal.
Where a longer lived seal is desired, it may seem appropriate to provide a heavier seal body such that abrasion will take longer to wear away the seal in the required dimension. A thicker seal, however, is likely to be even less flexible and therefore may be less able to accommodate dimensional variations which occur at operating temperatures.
A further problem encountered in the prior art relates to the replacement of worn seals. Any seal will eventually deteriorate and must be replaced. When refurbishing the seal, it is necessary to determine precisely where the radial and/or circumferential seals to be replaced should be optionally mounted with respect to the housing. It is normally not possible for maintenance personnel to access the heat exchanger in its operative condition, when high temperatures and fumes are present. As a result, it is necessary to estimate the correct position of the seals when replacing the wear surfaces thereof. The seals are inherently flexible and displaceable, and as a result it is most difficult according to the prior art to correctly position the seals. Too often, seals are inadvertently set at a wrong clearance, the seals being quickly worn off and/or the efficiency of the heat exchanger being lost by widely gapped seals.
Regenerative heat exchangers have been effective to conserve energy by usefully extracting excess heat. As a practical matter, however, a number of problems remain which make it difficult or impossible according to the prior art to enjoy the full potential efficiency of a regenerative heat exchanger. The present invention solves a number of the practical problems associated with sealing the heat exchanger, including problems with respect to wear, flexibility, replacement and correct mounting of the radial and circumferential seals.

Rotary heat exchanger with segmented seals


In attachment structure for motor assembly, accommodating portion with a bottom is formed in housing such that the motor assembly including commutator motor and brush holder unit is accommodated therein with the brush holder unit facing downward. Receiving portion for positioning the brush holder unit is formed in the accommodating portion. Abutment portion is formed on the brush holder unit for positioning between stator and the brush holder unit. The motor assembly is positioned within the accommodating portion such that the brush holder unit is in contact with the receiving portion and that the stator and the brush holder unit are brought into contact with each other through the abutment portion. Fixing member is inserted from an open side of the housing, brought into contact with the stator, and fixed to the housing, so that the motor assembly is interposed between the fixing member and the receiving portion.

This application claims the entire benefit of Japanese Patent Application Number 2009-154175 filed on Jun. 29, 2009, the entirety of which is incorporated by reference.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a structure for attaching a motor assembly comprising a commutator motor and a brush holder unit to a tubular housing such as used for a power tool.
2. Description of Related Art
As disclosed in Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 2007-143314, a power tool such as an electric hammer has a tubular housing, and a stator of a commutator motor (e.g., universal motor) is accommodated in the housing, while a rotor of the commutator motor is rotatably supported by a bearing provided in the housing. Attached to the housing adjacent to the commutator motor is a brush holder unit which holds brushes being slidable in contact with a commutator provided on the rotor.
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a motor housing 30 to which a motor assembly is attached, FIG. 10 is a vertical section taken in a right and left direction, and FIG. 11 is a vertical section taken in a front and rear direction. As seen in the drawings, a bearing 31 for rotatably supporting a rotor (not shown) of a commutator motor is protrusively provided at a lower end of a tubular motor housing 30. The motor housing 30 is open at an upper end thereof. The motor housing 30 has an attachment seat 32 peripherally around the bearing 31, and a disk-shaped brush holder unit 35 for holding a pair of brushes 36, 36 each being slidable in contact with a commutator segment of a commutator provided on the rotor is mounted to the attachment seat 32 and fixed by screwing bolts from beneath the brush holder unit 35. In the meantime, an accommodating portion 33 for the commutator motor is formed in the motor housing 30, and bosses 34, 34 are provided at the bottom of the accommodating portion 33, against which an end surface of a stator 37 is in contact and fixed by screws.
Therefore, when the brush holder unit 35 and the stator 37 are attached to the motor housing 30, as seen in FIGS. 12 and 13, the brush holder unit 35 is fixed to the attachment seat 32 by screws 38, 38 from beneath the motor housing 30. On the contrary, the stator 37 is inserted into the accommodating portion 33 from above the motor housing 30 and fixed to the bosses 34, 34 by screws 39, 39.
As described above, the brush holder unit 35 and the stator 37 are mounted from the opposite sides and fixed to the motor housing 30 by screws. This disadvantageously leads to deterioration of workability during assembly, an increased diameter of the stator 37 because of proving screw-threaded portions, and possible limitations on the construction of the brush holder unit 35.
Further, since the bearing 31 of the rotor is protrusively provided in the motor housing 30 at the middle of the attachment seat 32 of the brush holder unit 35, a sufficient bearing rigidity is not obtained so that the operating life of the brushes 36, 36 may be decreased due to vibration of the rotor.
It is thus an object of the present invention to provide an attachment structure for a motor assembly, by which a motor assembly comprising a commutator motor and a brush holder unit can be assembled with better workability, and by which an enhanced bearing rigidity can be obtained to ensure a sufficient operating life of the brushes, while avoiding increased diameter of the stator and possible limitations on the construction of the brush holder unit.


A device is provided for assembling a fixed-mount vehicle window glass, particularly a windshield, with a component contiguous with one edge of the vehicle window glass, such as a water tray. A profiled part is fixed to the edge of the window glass. The profiled part may be a profiled strip that adheres to the vehicle window glass, and has a lip which joins smoothly and continuously with the free main face of the vehicle window glass. On its underside, the lip may include means of assembly with the component.

The invention relates to a device for assembling a vehicle window glass with a contiguous element.
Beautifully finished vehicles are known having a profiled sealing strip covering and sealing a slot between the lower edge of their windshield and an element contiguous therewith.
Document DE 37 02 555 C2 describes a cover plate for covering a region between a bonded windshield and a contiguous part of the bodywork. The cover plate is fixed to the windshield in this instance using a U-shaped rail fixed to an edge of the windshield, and in which the cover plate engages. Because the fixing parts are assembled with the cover plate by a flexible assembly leaf that is able to move over at least one side with respect to their transverse dimension, it is necessary to compensate for any tolerances and expansions of the materials that might exist.
Such U-profile sealing strips are also used, for example, to fix to the windshield a water tray covered by the engine hood and which is used to remove the water that runs off the windshield. The U-profile sealing strip surrounds the lower edge of the window glass on three sides and is fixed by gripping or nesting. Fashioned along its side moving away from the edge of the glass is a longitudinal groove into which an edge of the water tray can be inserted. Aside from the sealed transition between the windshield and the water tray, certain mutual support is also thus afforded. The U-profile sealing strip is made of a relatively hard material, generally rubber or plastic, with steel reinforcements so that it can withstand the high forces exerted when the water tray is fixed to the windshield and when the vehicle is running and causing thermal expansion and vibration. The hard material does, however, have the major disadvantage in that the U-profile sealing strip cannot exactly follow the curved path when being fit to the edge of vehicle window glass that is curved in three dimensions. The U-profile sealing strip instead has a tendency to twist, and its longitudinal groove then moves off its theoretical path so that inserting the edge of the water tray becomes very difficult and the precise fitting of the edge of the water tray along the edge of the window glass is made impossible. Likewise, because of the inevitable variations in the dimensions of the window glasses and bodyworks, it is difficult to always guarantee that the profiled sealing strip, which is a prefabricated molding, will always fit properly on the edge of the window glass, thus resulting in lower holding forces and increased slots and tolerances.
Various methods are known for equipping a window glass with an extruded peripheral profile, which rests against just one main face and against the end face of the window glass (DE 43 26 650 A1, DE 42 32 554 C1). These peripheral profiles can be produced in such a way that they form a continuous surface continuation of the untouched main face of the window glass, situated in the plane of the window glass.
Document DE 43 26 650 A1 discloses a method for manufacturing a window glass provided with an overmolded polymer surround. In this instance, the surround is overmolded over the edge of the window glass, using an extrusion die surrounding the window glass and guided along the edge of the window glass by an automatic manipulator, in such a way that the profiled strip is deposited at least on a main face and on the peripheral face of the window glass. During the extrusion operation, the window glass is held stationary with the aid of a support device corresponding to the shape of the window glass, so that the edge of the window glass protrudes freely beyond the bearing faces of the support device.
Document DE 42 32 554 C1 also describes a relevant method, in which the window glass is placed on a heated molded base which presses against the underside of the window glass in the region of the edge thereof. The molded face forms a continuation of the surface of the window glass, beyond the peripheral face of the window glass. Using a remote automatic manipulator and a heated calibrated extrusion die, a profiled strip is deposited along the edge of the window glass with defined exterior dimensions protruding beyond the peripheral face of the window glass. The profiled strip is made of a thermoplastic polymer and is supplied to the extrusion die by an extruder and a flexible pipe heated under pressure.
In the case of the first mentioned method, the extrusion die forms, with the two main faces of the window glass, a closed die cross section and, in the second method, the closed die cross section is formed by the molded base, the freely accessible surface of the window glass and the extrusion die. The two methods have proved suitable for manufacturing car windows which are designed to be mounted by bonding. A surround with an essentially L-shaped cross section, which is provided with a sealing lip, is extruded over part of the periphery or all of the periphery of the window glass. The first branch of the L-shaped surround covers the surface of the window glass that faces the mounting flange, and the second branch forms the continuation of the peripheral face. The sealing lip can be fashioned with equal ease on either of the branches of the surround.
Such peripheral profiles can also be produced using the widely used injection-molding method as described, for example, in documents EP 0 127 546 A1 and EP 0 145 443 B1. It also has been proposed that peripheral profiles be prefabricated using an injection-molding method and then bonded onto the window glass (EP 0 742 762 B1).
There is a need for an improved device for assembling a fixed-mount vehicle window glass with a component contiguous with one edge of the vehicle window glass, particularly a water tray.
The invention relates to a device for assembling a fixed-mount vehicle window glass, particularly a windshield, with a component contiguous with one edge of the vehicle window glass, particularly a water tray. In particular, the exterior surface of a profiled part or strip is bonded and adhered to the vehicle window glass with a lip which joins smoothly and continuously with the free exterior main face of the vehicle window glass. At the same time there is provided, on the underside of the lip, means of assembly with another component. Such a configuration with a continuous surface makes it possible, for example, to bring the windshield wipers to their rest position over the water tray without the need for providing expensive devices for raising the wipers and moving them over any protrusions.
Such a profiled strip may be manufactured in a particularly simple way by extruding a polymer, for example, from either polyurethane systems with a moisture-curing component, polyurethane systems based on two components, thermoplastic elastomers or olefins. To extrude a profiled strip that forms a connection of continuous surface, it is possible for example to use a die surrounding the edge of the window glass, and which is configured to delimit, with the window glass, the extrusion cross section. This means that the die, along the two sides of the window glass, needs to have sealing faces which slide along the main faces of the window glass and make a good seal of the cross section of the die with respect to the surfaces of the glass. The surface of the glass, naturally, cannot be damaged by this sliding. This is possible by using appropriate materials for the die and for the sealing faces of the die, respectively.
In order to endow the profiled part with regions that have different properties in a single operation, recourse may be had to the coextrusion method. In this instance, at least two partial profiled strips are combined into a single profiled strip in the extrusion die.
The two partial profiled strips are thus made, for example, of two different plastic materials having different hardnesses. The two partial profiled strips, for example, also may be made of two different plastic materials having different densities. However, it is just as possible for coextrusion to be used to give a profiled strip, made of one single polymer material, a foamy region using a physical or chemical foaming technique. It is thus possible on the one hand, to provide a material of relatively stable shape for that part of the lip which is assembled with another component, while on the other hand, provide the interior face of the profiled strip, which presses against the bodywork, with properties of flexibility and elasticity in order to suppress noise and compensate for tolerances.
Given that vehicle window glasses designed to be bonded into a bodywork opening are often given a sealed surround or covering of extruded polymer, the extrusion method is also recommended for manufacturing the profiled strip intended for the assembly device according to the invention. The materials, the tools and the devices already exist, which means that production can be economical. When the vehicle window glass is equipped with a sealed surround or covering made of extruded polymer and with a profiled part for assembling it with a contiguous component, the profiled part forms a portion of the surround. The profiled part and the surround may be manufactured in a single operation using corresponding extrusion dies, and the transition regions between the start and the end of the extruded profiled strip may be fashioned using known methods (DE 44 45 258 A1).
The profiled part may, however, also be deposited by spraying onto the window glass in a way known per se, by placing the window glass between two half molds, in which molding cavities corresponding to the desired shape or profile are machined, and by filling the cavities, once the half molds have been closed, with a molten thermoplastic polymer or with a reactive polymer system. In the same way, it is also possible to manufacture just the profiled part as an injection-molding and for it then to be bonded afterwards onto the edge of the window glass.
Advantageously, the profiled part is provided, on its face that is facing the bodywork, with a region which rests on and is supported by part of the bodywork. Thus, not only is the stability of the assembly device improved, but the sealing between the vehicle window glass and the bodywork may also be improved. Said region may, for example, be in the form of an elastic bearing lip or a protruding polymer foam elastic bead or profile.
It is often necessary for the component to be demountably assembled with the profiled part so that it may be dismantled. It then becomes possible for assemblies installed under the component, such as a top-up battery or wiper motor, to be serviced or repaired. One demountable assembly often used is the clip-fastened assembly, in which a part with a barbed hook shape, provided with inverse hooks, is introduced into an undercut groove. To dismantle this assembly, significant forces need to be employed or special tools need to be used. Other demountable assembles may be achieved with a hook-type closure or with a deactivatable bonded assembly. The dismantleable assemblies may extend over the entire length of the profiled part parallel to the lower edge of the window glass. However, it is just as possible for the assembly elements to be arranged in several limited areas spaced apart.
Other details and advantages of the subject of the invention will become apparent from the drawings of an exemplary embodiment, with no intention of limiting, and from their detailed description which follows.

Assembly of a vehicle window glass with a contiguous element


Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method for controlling a virtual reality display device, wherein the virtual reality display device includes a display, an optical system, and a movement controller. In this method, an anti-distortion image is generated based on the original image according to distortion parameters of the optical system. The anti-distortion image includes an effective image area and an invalid image area, wherein the effective image area includes image information of the original image. The movement control information is written into the invalid image area, and the movement control information is used by the movement controller to control the movement of the display. The anti-distortion image is provided to the virtual reality display device.

The present disclosure relates to the field of virtual reality, and in particular, to a method and apparatus for controlling a virtual reality display device, a method for execution in a virtual reality display device, and a virtual reality display device.
Currently, virtual reality display devices are widely used in many fields. Emerging applications are in a field of myopia correction. In a myopia correction system using a virtual reality display device, by controlling a movement of a display in a virtual reality display device, a user is allowed to view images at different distances. When a user views an image at a close distance, a ciliary muscle is in a state of spasm. When a user views an image at a long distance, the ciliary muscle is in a relaxed state. In this way, an adjustment function of ciliary muscle to lens can be exercised to correct myopia.

Method and apparatus for controlling virtual reality display device

BEIJING BOE OPTOELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.

BEIJING BOE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT CO., LTD.


The invention relates to a module to be included onboard the equipment of a telecommunication network and comprising: a database storing at least search field values including URL addresses, at least some of said URL addresses being stored in an encrypted form, encryption means capable of encrypting a piece of information received by the module in order to allow an information search in the database by comparison with the encrypted search field values.

The distributed equipment 2 is capable of being interrogated regarding the content of the daughter database 4, for example by client items of equipment 5, 6, 7, which can comprise user terminals. According to another example, the distributed equipment comprises a user interface allowing to interrogate it directly.
The mother 3 and daughter 4 databases are structured with entries, each entry comprising at least one search field value and optionally one or more attributes.
During an interrogation step, the distributed equipment 2 receives a message comprising a piece of information, referenced URL_n0 in FIG. 1. The database 4 is consulted in order to search for this URL_n0 information among the search field values of the database. The distributed equipment 2 returns a response, referenced AUTH in FIG. 1, depending on the result of the search.
For example, as shown in FIG. 1, the database 4 can store a list of URL (Uniform Resource Locator) addresses and, for each URL, an attribute value indicating if the content corresponding to this URL is or is not disapproved for children. The distributed equipment 2 can for example belong to an internet access provider. If the value URL_n0 sent by the client equipment 5, for example a child's computer, is found in the database 4 and if the corresponding attribute in the database 4 has a value such that access is not disapproved for children, the equipment 2 returns a response AUTH authorising the equipment 5 to display the content corresponding to the value URL_n0.
The invention is in no way limited to the protection of children on the Internet applications.
The central and the distributed equipment can typically belong to different people. For example, the daughter database is sold or leased by a database producer controlling the central equipment to a person, for example a software publisher or an internet access provider, controlling the distributed equipment. The latter is thus able to use the daughter database for a use other than that foreseen by the database producer. For example, the daughter database could be transferred from the distributed equipment to a third party, disclosed, copied partially or totally reused, etc.


A gNB central unit (gNB-CU) includes a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter is configured to transmit a message to a gNB distributed unit (gNB-DU). The receiver is configured to receive from the gNB-DU, in response to the message, a list indicating User Equipments (UEs) which needs to be notified by dedicated signaling of system information.

The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has been working on the standardization for the fifth generation mobile communication system (5G) to make 5G a commercial reality in 2020 or later. 5G is realized by continuous enhancement/evolution of LTE and LTE-Advanced and an innovative enhancement/evolution by an introduction of a new 5G air interface (i.e., a new Radio Access Technology (RAT)). The new RAT supports, for example, frequency bands higher than the frequency bands (e.g., 6 GHz or lower) supported by LTE/LTE-Advanced and its continuous evolution. For example, the new RAT supports centimeter-wave bands (10 GHz or higher) and millimeter-wave bands (30 GHz or higher).
In this specification, the fifth generation mobile communication system is referred to as a 5G System or a Next Generation (NextGen) System (NG System). The new RAT for the 5G System is referred to as a New Radio (NR), a 5G RAT, or a NG RAT. A new Radio Access Network (RAN) for the 5G System is referred to as a NextGen RAN (NG RAN) or a 5G-RAN. A new base station in the NG-RAN is referred to as a gNodeB (gNB). A new core network for the 5G System is referred to as a 5G Core Network (5GC) or a NextGen Core (NG Core). A radio terminal (i.e., User Equipment (UE)) capable of being connected to the 5G System is referred to as 5G UE or NextGen UE (NG UE), or simply referred to as UE.
The term "LTE" used in this specification includes enhancement/evolution of LTE and LTE-Advanced to provide interworking with the 5G System, unless otherwise specified. The enhancement/evolution of LTE and LTE-Advanced for the interworking with the 5G System is referred to as LTE-Advanced Pro, LTE+, or enhanced LTE (eLTE). Further, terms related to LTE networks and logical entities used in this specification, such as "Evolved Packet Core (EPC)", "Mobility Management Entity (MME)", "Serving Gateway (S-GW)", and "Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway (P-GW))", include their enhancement/evolution to provide interworking with the 5G System, unless otherwise specified. Enhanced EPC, enhanced MME, enhanced S-GW, and enhanced P-GW are referred to, for example, as enhanced EPC (eEPC), enhanced MME (eMME), enhanced S-GW (eS-GW), and enhanced P-GW (eP-GW), respectively.
In LTE and LTE-Advanced, for achieving Quality of Service (QoS) and packet routing, a bearer per QoS class and per PDN connection is used in both a RAN (i.e., an Evolved Universal Terrestrial RAN (E-UTRAN)) and a core network (i.e., EPC). That is, in the Bearer-based QoS (or per-bearer QoS) concept, one or more Evolved Packet System (EPS) bearers are configured between a UE and a P-GW in an EPC, and a plurality of Service Data Flows (SDFs) having the same QoS class are transferred through one EPS bearer satisfying this QoS.
In contrast, with regard to the 5G System, although radio bearers may be used in the NG RAN, no bearers are used in the 5GC or in the interface between the 5GC and the NG-RAN. Specifically, QoS flows are defined instead of an EPS bearer, and one or more SDFs are mapped to one or more QoS flows. A QoS flow between a 5G UE and a user-plane terminating entity in an NG Core (i.e., an entity corresponding to a P-GW in the EPC) corresponds to an EPS bearer in the EPS Bearer-based QoS concept. The QoS flow corresponds to the finest granularity of the packet forwarding and treatment in the 5G system. That is, the 5G System adopts the Flow-based QoS (or per-flow QoS) concept instead of the Bearer-based QoS concept. In the Flow-based QoS concept, QoS is handled per QoS flow. Association between a 5G UE and a data network is referred to as a "PDU session". The term "PDU session" corresponds to the term "PDN connection" in LTE and LTE-Advanced. A plurality of QoS flows can be configured in one PDU session. The 3GPP specifications define a 5G QoS Indicator (5QI) corresponding to the QCI of the LTE for the 5G system.
FIG. 1 shows a basic architecture of a 5G system. The architecture shown in FIG. 1 is referred to as a "Standalone NR (in NextGen System)" or an "Option 2". A UE establishes one or more Signalling Radio Bearers (SRBs) and one or more Data Radio Bearers (DRBs) with a gNB. A 5GC and the gNB establish a control-plane interface and a user-plane interface for the UE. The control-plane interface between the 5GC and the gNB (i.e., RAN) is referred to as an NG-c interface and is used to transfer Non-Access Stratum (NAS) information and transfer control information between the 5GC and the gNB (e.g., an N2 AP Information Element). The user-plane interface between the 5GC and the gNB (i.e., the RAN) is referred to as NG-u interface and is used to transfer packets of one or more QoS flows in a PDU session of the UE.
The NR supports use of different sets of radio parameters in multiple frequency bands. Each radio parameter set is referred to as "numerology". OFDM numerology for an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system includes, for example, subcarrier spacing, system bandwidth, Transmission Time Interval (TTI) length, subframe duration, cyclic prefix length, and symbol duration. The 5G system supports various types of services having different service requirements, including, for example, enhanced Mobile Broad Band (eMBB), Ultra Reliable and Low Latency Communication (URLLC), and M2M communication with a large number of connections (e.g., massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC)). Numerology selection depends on the service requirement.
The NR supports channel bandwidths wider than those of the LTE (e.g., 100s of MHz). One channel bandwidth (i.e., a BWChannel) is a radio frequency (RF) bandwidth supporting one NR carrier. The channel bandwidth is also referred to as a system bandwidth. While the LTE supports channel bandwidths up to 20 MHz, the 5G NR supports channel bandwidths, for example, up to 500 MHz.
In order to efficiently support multiple 5G services, for example, broadband services, such as eMBBs, and narrowband services, such as Internet of Things (IoT), it is preferable to be able to multiplex these services onto a single channel bandwidth. Further, if every 5G UE has to support transmission and reception in a transmission bandwidth corresponding to the entire channel bandwidth, it may be impossible to reduce the cost of UEs and the power consumption of UEs for the narrowband IoT service. Accordingly, the 3GPP allows one or more bandwidth parts (BWPs) to be configured in the carrier bandwidth (i.e., the channel bandwidth or the system bandwidth) of each NR component carrier. The bandwidth part is also referred to as a carrier bandwidth part. Multiple BWPs may be used for different frequency division multiplexing (FDM) schemes using different numerologies (e.g., subcarrier spacing (SCS)). For example, multiple BWPs may have different SCSs and different bandwidths.
FIGS. 2 and 3 show examples of use of BWPs. In the example shown in FIG. 2, the channel bandwidth of one component carrier is divided into BWP #1 and BWP #2, and these two BWPs are used for different FDM schemes using different numerologies (e.g., different subcarrier spacing). In the example shown in FIG. 3, narrowband BWP #1 is set in a channel bandwidth of one component carrier and narrowband BWP #2 narrower than BWP #1 is further set within the BWP #1. When BWP #1 or BWP #2 is activated for a UE, the UE can reduce its power consumption by refraining from performing reception and transmission within the channel bandwidth except the active BWP.
One bandwidth part (BWP) is frequency-consecutive and consists of contiguous physical resource blocks (PRBs). The bandwidth of one BWP is at least as large as a synchronization signal (SS)/physical broadcast channel (PBCH) block. The BWP may or may not contain a SS/PBCH block (SSB).
A BWP configuration includes, for example, numerology, a frequency location, and a bandwidth (e.g., the number of PRBs). In order to specify the frequency location, common PRB indexing is used at least for a downlink (DL) BWP configuration in a Radio Resource Control (RRC) connected state. Specifically, an offset from PRB 0 to the lowest PRB of the SSB to be accessed by a UE is configured by higher layer signaling. The reference point "PRB 0" is common to all the UEs that share the same wideband component carrier.
One SS/PBCH block includes primary signals necessary for an idle UE, such as NR synchronization signals (NR-SS) and an NR physical broadcast channel (NR-PBCH). The NR-SS is used by the UE for DL synchronization. A Reference Signal (RS) is transmitted in the SS/PBCH block to enable an idle UE to perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurement (e.g., RSRP measurement). This RS may be the NR-SS itself or may be an additional RS. The NR-PBCH broadcasts part of the minimum System Information (SI), for example a Master Information Block (MIB). The remaining minimum SI (RMSI) is transmitted on a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH).
A network can transmit multiple SS/PBCH blocks within the channel bandwidth of one wideband component carrier. In other words, SS/PBCH blocks may be transmitted in a plurality of BWPs within the channel bandwidth. In a first scheme, all the SS/PBCH blocks within one broadband carrier are based on NR-SS (e.g., a primary SS (PSS) and a secondary SS (SSS)) corresponding to the same physical-layer cell identity. In a second scheme, different SS/PBCH blocks within one broadband carrier may be based on NR-SSs corresponding to different physical-layer cell identities.
From a UE perspective, a cell is associated with one SS/PBCH block. Therefore, for UEs, each serving cell has a single associated SS/PBCH block in frequency domain. Note that, each serving cell is a primary cell (PCell) in carrier aggregation (CA) and dual connectivity (DC), a primary secondary cell (PSCell) in DC, or a secondary cell (SCell) in CA and DC. Such an SSB is referred to as a cell defining SS/PBCH block. The Cell defining SS/PBCH block has an associated RMSI. The Cell defining SS/PBCH block is used as the time reference or the timing reference of the serving cell. Further, the Cell defining SS/PBCH block is used for SS/PBCH block (SSB) based RRM Measurements. The Cell defining SS/PBCH block can be changed for the PCell/PSCell by "synchronous reconfiguration" (e.g., reconfiguration of radio resource configuration information using an RRC Reconfiguration procedure and not involving a handover), while it can be changed for SCells by "SCell release/add".
One or more BWP configurations for each component carrier are semi-statically signaled to the UE. Specifically, for each UE-specific serving cell, one or more DL BWPs (e.g., up to 4 DL BWPs) and one or more UL BWPs (e.g., up to 4 UL BWPs) can be configured for the UE via a dedicated RRC message. One or more DL BWPs and one or more UL BWPs configured for the UE are referred to as a "DL BWP set" and a "UL BWP set", respectively.
Each of one or more BWPs (i.e., BWP set) configured for the UE can be activated and deactivated. A BWP that has been activated is referred to as an "active BWP". Specifically, the UE receives signals on one or more active DL
BWPs in the configured DL BWP set at a given time. Similarly, the UE transmits signals on one or more active UL BWPs in the configured UL BWP set at a given time. Note that in the current specifications, at most one DL BWP and at most UL BWP are activated at a given time.
The activation/deactivation of a BWP is determined by a lower layer (e.g., a Physical (PHY) layer or a Medium Access Control (MAC) layer), rather than by the RRC layer. Switching of the Active BWP is performed by, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) (e.g., scheduling DCI) transmitted on an NR Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH). In other words, deactivation of a current active BWP and activation of a new active BWP may be performed by the DCI in the NR PDCCH. The network can activate/deactivate a BWP depending, for example, on a data rate, or on numerology required by a service, and can thereby dynamically switch the active BWP for the UE.
A BWP (i.e., initial active BWP) where the UE initially stays when the UE accesses a serving cell (i.e., when the UE transitions from Idle mode to Connected mode) is referred to as an "initial BWP". The initial BWP includes at least a DL BWP and may include a UL BWP (when an uplink is configured for the serving cell). The initial BWP may also referred to as a default BWP, a reference BWP, a primary BWP, an anchor BWP, or a master BWP. The BWP set configured for the UE always includes the initial BWP.
The initial BWP is always configured with a Common Search Space. Meanwhile, BWPs other than the initial BWP may or may not be configured with a Common Search Space. Note that, the Common Search Space is a subset of resources (i.e., a PDCCH Search Space) in which the UE performs blind decoding to find PDCCH data (i.e., DCI). Similarly to LTE, in the 5G system, the PDCCH Search Space includes the Common Search Space and a UE-specific Search Space. The UE-specific search space is configured individually for each UE through RRC signaling. Meanwhile, all the UEs that access the serving cell are aware of the extent or range of the Common Search Space. The NR Common Search Space is used to broadcast, for example, system information, paging, and a random access channel (RACH) response. The NR Common Search Space includes a "Type0-PDCCH common search space". In the Type0-PDCCH common search space, a PDCCH (i.e., DCI) that is scrambled with a System Information Radio Network Temporary Identifier (SI-RNTI) is transmitted in order to enable the UE to receive a System Information Block Type 1 (SIB1).
In the 3GPP, it has been discussed that if the UE's active DL BWP is configured with no Common Search Space (CSS), the UE is not required to receive a system information update (SI update) through a broadcast (see, for example, NPL1). In this case, the network (i.e., NG-RAN) may transmit updated SI, via dedicated signaling (e.g., an RRC Reconfiguration message), to the UE staying in the active DL BWP that is not configured with any Common Search Spaces.
Next, cloud RAN (C-RAN) deployment of the NG-RAN is described. FIG. 4 shows an overall architecture of the NG-RAN (see NPL2). The NG-RAN consists of a set of gNBs connected to a 5GC via respective NG interfaces. The gNBs can be connected to each other via an Xn interface. As shown in FIG. 4, each gNB may consist of a gNB Central Unit (gNB-CU) and one or more gNB Distributed Units (gNB-DUs). The gNB-CU and the gNB-DU are connected to each other through an F1 interface. The gNB-CU is a logical node that hosts RRC, Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP), and Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) protocols of the gNB (or hosts the RRC and PDCP protocols of the gNB). The gNB-DU is a logical node that hosts Radio Link Control (RLC), MAC, and PHY Layers of the gNB.

Distributed unit, central unit, and method therefor


An antenna has an antenna main portion formed on a substrate and a facing portion separate and distinct from the substrate. The antenna main portion has a ring shape with a split and has a first end portion and a second end portion which form the split. The facing portion has a holding member, a first facing portion made of conductive material and a second facing portion made of the conductive material. The first facing portion and the second facing portion are held by the holding member so as to be located apart from each other. The first facing portion has a first principal portion and a first connected portion connected to the first end portion. The second facing portion has a second principal portion facing the first principal portion and a second connected portion connected to the second end portion.

This invention relates to an antenna, particularly, to an antenna having a main portion formed on a substrate and a facing portion separate and distinct from the substrate.
JP2016-225956A (Patent Document 1) discloses an antenna having a split ring resonator structure. As shown in FIG. 19, an antenna 90 of Patent Document 1 has a dielectric layer 910, a conductor layer 920 formed on one of a pair of main surfaces of the dielectric layer 910, and a feeding line 930 formed on the other of the main surfaces of the dielectric layer 910. The conductor layer 920 is formed in a C-shape. Moreover, both end portions of the conductor layer 920 are apart from each other and face each other to form a facing portion 940 which operates as a capacitor. The conductor layer 920 and the feeding line 930 are connected to each other by use of a via 950 which passes through the dielectric layer 910. In detail, the via 950 connects an end portion of the feeding line 930 to the vicinity of one of the end portions of the conductor layer 920.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

JAPAN AVIATION ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY, LIMITED


Campaign messages may be prioritized for a given potential recipient by generating one or more learning structures associated with the campaign message. The learning structure(s) is then evaluated relative to the potential recipient to determine potential effectiveness of the campaign messages for the potential recipient. One such learning structure is a decision tree comprising a hierarchy of attributes associated with past recipients of the campaign message. Attributes associated with the potential recipient are then applied to the decision tree to obtain a metric of potential value of the campaign message to the potential recipient.

Online buying and selling of products or services over computer networks, such as the Internet, have continued to proliferate with widespread Internet usage. In order to facilitate the sale of goods and services, online sellers of goods and services often design marketing campaigns, also referred to as "campaigns," wherein a given campaign message, such as an email, text message and/or instant message, is sent to a given set of recipients. Unfortunately, if too many campaign messages are received by a given recipient over a given time period, the campaign messages may be less effective, or the recipient may even opt out of receiving future campaign messages.


According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a computer readable medium containing a computer program is disclosed. The computer program includes commands which cause a processor of an acoustic simulation apparatus to execute steps, and the steps includes: acquiring building structure information related to a building constituting a simulation space; acquiring building material information related to at least one building material used in the simulation space; obtaining speaker information related to at least one speaker installed in the simulation space; obtaining location information on a current location of the acoustic simulation apparatus; recognizing a virtual location corresponding to the current location in the simulation space by analyzing the location information; generating an image viewed from the virtual location based on the building structure information, the building material information, and the speaker information; and generating sound to be heard at the virtual location based on the building structure information, the building material information, and the speaker information.

Recently, various contents implemented by using virtual information, such as virtual reality or augmented reality, have been suggested. The general virtual reality is a virtual space created by artificial technology by using a computer and the like, and has characteristics in that the virtual reality is similar to reality, but is not real. In the meantime, the augmented reality is one field of virtual reality, and refers to a technique that allows the user to recognize virtual information as a part of reality by synthesizing virtual information on a real object that the user sees.
In a virtual space to which virtual reality or augmented reality is applied, not only visual contents but also audio contents may be provided to the user. Accordingly, the virtual reality or augmented reality technology may be utilized in various fields requiring sight and hearing. For example, the virtual reality or augmented reality technology may be used in an acoustic design field.
In general, acoustic (particularly, architectural sound and/or electrical sound) design is implemented by depending on sound characteristics of a building, a speaker, and the like and an experience of a user. Further, the current acoustic design method is in an actual state where a speaker is directly installed inside a building and then an acoustic environment suitable for the building is created by using an acoustic measurement device. Accordingly, when the acoustic design is improperly performed, the current acoustic design method may incur unnecessary cost and has a limitation in performing accurate acoustic design.
Accordingly, research on an acoustic simulation method which overcomes the limitation of the current acoustic design method and is capable of more conveniently performing acoustic design is required.

Augmented reality based simulation apparatus for integrated electrical and architectural acoustics


A computer-implemented method for generating a modified image includes initiating, in a computer device, a patch-based optimization algorithm for using a first image to generate a second image. The method includes identifying, in a computer device, a first feature of a first image. The identification corresponds to a constraint on the first feature for generating a second image, The constraint restricts at least one of location and geometric orientation in the second image of patches representing the first feature. The method includes identifying, using the computer device, contents for the second image by processing patches in the image in iterations of the patch-based optimization algorithm. The patch-based optimization complies with the constraint, The method includes generating the second image from the identified contents based on the iterations of the patch-based optimization algorithm. The second image includes a second feature generated to represent the first feature and complying with the constraint.

This specification relates to digital image processing.
Some existing image processing techniques use patch-based techniques for manipulating content. The processing can involve analyzing or synthesizing patches (e.g., pixel groups) of image content. For example, patch-based approaches are used in denoising image and video content; enhancing image resolution such as performing super-resolution; compressing image content; changing image aspect ratio such as by retargeting; editing image content; and performing texture synthesis. For example, a bidirectional similarity can be evaluated based on a patch distance metric. A bidirectional similarity computation can involve calculating nearest neighbor patches, which can be computationally demanding. Some digital image editing tools use nearest neighbor searches for modifying images.
Patch-based methods can have benefits for synthesis operations. For example, structure, texture, repetitive patterns and redundancies can be treated well. As with other local methods, patch-based processing can lead to global inconsistencies or deformations.

Generating a modified image with semantic constraint


A non-volatile memory system and corresponding method of operation are provided. The system includes memory cells arranged in sectors. Each of the memory cells includes a control gate in communication with one of a plurality of word lines and a drain coupled to one of a plurality of bit lines and is configured to retain a threshold voltage. A control circuit is in communication with the memory cells and is configured to read the threshold voltage of each of the memory cells using default read parameters. The control circuit determines whether reading the non-volatile memory cells using the default read parameters is successful. The control circuit dynamically tests and adjusts read parameters based on whether reading the memory cells using the read parameters is successful in response to determining that reading the memory cells using the default read parameters is not successful.

This section provides background information related to the technology associated with the present disclosure and, as such, is not necessarily prior art.
A charge-storing material such as a conductive floating gate or a non-conductive charge-trapping material can be used in some types of memory cells of semiconductor memory devices to store a charge which represents a data state. The memory cell may be a transistor in which the charge storing material may reside between a channel and a control gate. The charge-storing material may be insulated from both the channel and the control gate. The charge-storing material can be arranged vertically in a three-dimensional (3D) stacked memory structure, or horizontally in a two-dimensional (2D) memory structure. One example of a 3D memory structure is the Bit Cost Scalable (BiCS) architecture which comprises a stack of alternating conductive and dielectric layers.
Some types of memory cells may be programmed by altering the charge in the charge-storing material, thereby altering the threshold voltage (VTH) of the memory cell transistor. In one technique, a program voltage is applied to the control gate with a low voltage in the channel to add charge to the charge-storing material. After applying the program voltage, the memory cell's threshold voltage is tested by applying a verify voltage to the control gate, and testing whether the memory cell conducts a significant current. Additional program voltages may be applied to control gate, followed by verify voltages, until the memory cell's threshold current is within a target range.
The floating gate can hold a range of charges and therefore can be programmed to any threshold voltage level within a threshold voltage window. The size of the threshold voltage window is delimited by the minimum and maximum threshold levels of the device, which in turn correspond to the range of the charges that can be programmed onto the floating gate. The threshold window generally depends on the memory device's characteristics, operating conditions and history. Each distinct, resolvable threshold voltage level range within the window may, in principle, be used to designate a definite memory state of the cell.
Semiconductor memory devices have become more popular for use in various electronic devices. For example, non-volatile semiconductor memory is used in cellular telephones, digital cameras, personal digital assistants, mobile computing devices, non-mobile computing devices and other devices. In addition, semiconductor memory devices are increasingly being used in vehicles that require operation in extreme environmental conditions. Consequently, it is preferable that such semiconductor memory devices deliver dependable performance even in extreme conditions (e.g., −40° C. and up to 125° C.). Nevertheless, memory systems may encounter high Failure Bit Count (FBC) when writing or programming at one temperature and reading at a significantly different temperature, for example. While such memory systems frequently employ error correcting code (ECC) to help ameliorate read errors that may result from wide ranges of temperatures, such error correcting code typically has limited ability to correct errors.
Accordingly, there is still a need for more improved non-volatile memory systems while providing adequate performance and durability.

Positive feedback and parallel searching enhanced optimal read method for non-volatile memory


A sliding sleeve valve for use in a borehole includes an outer housing including a radial housing slot, a sliding sleeve slidably disposed in the outer housing, the sliding sleeve including a radial sleeve slot and configured to have a first position that restricts fluid communication between the sleeve slot and the housing slot and a second position, spaced from the first position, that permits fluid communication between the sleeve slot and the housing slot, an actuator housing coupled to the outer housing, wherein the actuator housing includes an actuator chamber defined by an inner surface, and wherein the actuator chamber is disposed between an inner surface and an outer surface of the actuator housing, and an actuator assembly disposed in the actuator chamber, wherein the actuator assembly is configured to control movement of the sliding sleeve between the first and second positions.

In drilling a borehole into an earthen formation, such as for the recovery of hydrocarbons or minerals from a subsurface formation, it is typical practice to connect a drill bit onto the lower end of a drillstring formed from a plurality of pipe joints connected end-to-end, and then rotate the drillstring so that the drill bit progresses downward into the earth to create a borehole along a predetermined trajectory. In some applications, the borehole may be drilled in a plurality of stages, where, following the drilling of each stage, a casing or production liner joint is installed within the drilled borehole, and cement is pumped in the annulus formed between the outer surface of the casing joint and the inner surface of the borehole. After the pumped cement has hardened, the inner surface of the section of cased borehole is isolated from fluids disposed within a central passage of the borehole. Additionally, in some applications, each subsequently installed casing or liner joint may be physically supported or anchored from the precedingly installed casing or liner joint, forming a casing or liner string in the borehole.
In at least some applications, when the final stage of the borehole is drilled, a final casing or liner joint is installed at a terminal end of the borehole, and the annulus surrounding the final casing or liner joint, as well as the terminal end of the borehole, is cemented to thereby isolate or seal the inner surface of the borehole from fluid disposed in the central passage thereof. In applications comprising a horizontal or deviated borehole, the terminal end of the borehole may be referred to as the "toe" of the borehole. In certain applications, once the drilled borehole has been successfully cased and cemented, the formation may be hydraulically fractured to provide for controlled fluid communication between the formation and the central passage of the borehole. For instance, the casing or liner string may include a number sliding sleeve valves (e.g., actuated by the dropping of various sized balls into the borehole) for providing selective fluid communication between the formation and the central passage of the casing or liner string. In other applications, the casing or liner string may be perforated at predetermined positions along its axial length (e.g., as part of a "plug and perf" operation) to provide fluid communication between the formation and the central passage of the casing or liner string. Additionally, in some applications, the casing or liner string may include a valve disposed near the terminal end or toe of the borehole for initiating the hydraulic fracturing process.


A clip includes a base that is elongated in a longitudinal direction, a post connected to the base at a proximal end of the post. The post extends away from the base and terminates at a distal end of the post. The clip further includes a first finger and a second finger both connected on opposite sides of the post and extending away from the post toward the base in the longitudinal direction. The clip also includes an elongated foot connected to the base on a side of the base opposite the post. The clip also includes an umbrella seal connected to the base that has a sealing lip around a periphery of the base that extends away from the base. The base, the elongated foot and the first finger and the second finger of the clip extend along the same longitudinal direction of the clip.

This section provides background information related to the present disclosure which is not necessarily prior art.
Various types of fasteners are often used to mount components to various surfaces in order to secure such components to mating components. One type of fastener is a clip. Push clips are of particular use to aid in the assembly process whereby a first mountable component fit with a clip is pushed into an opening of a mating component in order to be secured in position. One application for clips is in the context of securing mountable components at a desired location in a vehicle. Such mountable components on vehicles can include weatherstrips, interior trim components, exterior trim components, fascia components and various other covers, ornamentation and the like. In the context of components that are exposed to the elements and/or are located at sealed interfaces, clips often need to seal such locations and interfaces from intrusion of air, water or other contaminants.
Some applications for clips exist in the context of mating components of a vehicle such as in environments related to the closures of a vehicle. Such environments exist in the interfaces of doors, trunk lids, liftgates, hoods and vehicle bodies. At such interfaces, it is common to have weatherstrips attached to one surface of the interface to seal such interface from the intrusion of air and water. Clips that are used at these types of interfaces can be particularly challenging to seal because when the mating components (such as an inner door frame and the bodyside of the vehicle) are brought together, the weatherstrip that is secured in the interface is subjected to forces that can bend or rotate clips in the interface. Side loading or loading that occurs in a direction substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of door weatherstrips is one type of loading that can be particularly challenging for clips to maintain a watertight seal. The bending or rotation of the clips caused by side loading can compromise the ability of the clips (and the weatherstrip) to seal the interface from the intrusion of air, water or other contaminants.


An electrical connector with a release mechanism configured to prevent it from hooking other cables lying transverse to its path of removal from its receptacle, when it is being removed. The default or equilibrium state of the release mechanism is such that its end remains in contact with the body of the connector, whereby any transverse cable in its path of removal simply slides over the release mechanism of the connector being removed. This prevents damage to the connector and damage to other cables/equipment which would otherwise be ensnared. Embodiments of the present invention can be used with virtually all standard connectors such as, for example, RJ11, RJ14 and RJ45 (telephone registered jacks) or 8P8C, 6P6C and 6P4C (modular connectors).

Certain kinds of electrical connectors are attached to a copper-wire conductor cable and, more specifically, are attached to the ends of mutually insulated electrical conductors which are encapsulated by that protective and insulating cable. The Registered Jack 11 (RJ-11) connectors are familiar connectors that are attached to both ends of a residential telephone cable which telephone users plug between the back of their telephone instruments and their wall outlets. These male connectors make a snapping sound when inserted into the female receptacles in the back of the telephone and in the wall, thereby indicating that they are properly locked in place. The connector has a raised plastic clip on the outside of its body, which is accessible to a user and can be depressed by the user's thumb when the connector is to be removed from its receptacle. Typically, there may not be many telephone or other cables in the vicinity of the telephone cable being removed and the removal experience is usually without difficulty.
However the situation can be quite different with different connectors. For example, the Registered Jack 45 (RJ-45) connector looks very similar to an RJ-11 connector but is wider. It is an eight wire connector, typically used to connect computers onto a local area network (LAN), especially Ethernets. It also makes the same snapping sound when properly inserted into its mating receptacle, and has a similar raised plastic clip to be depressed by the user when the connector is to be removed. However, in computer environments, there are typically many cables lying around. Particularly, if computer equipment is rack mounted, where many pieces of equipment, such as, for example, severs, digital switches, routers, power supplies, data storage units, copiers, fax machines, printers and other equipment are all crowded into a small space, a "rats-nest" of cables can abound.
In this crowded computer cabling environment, it can be a substantial challenge to remove an Ethernet cable with an RJ-45 connector attached to its end. The raised plastic clip, also known herein as the "hook" or the "release mechanism" seems to catch on every cable crossing its path. Wiggling, jiggling and tugging-on the cable attached to the connector that is being removed in order to free its hook is the normal user response. Further removal progress is made until the next cross-cable or some other barrier is encountered by the hook. At some point, the user's frustration level may get the best of him/her and the user yanks on the cable causing damage, most likely by breaking the hook on the cable. In addition, other damage can be visited upon other cable connections or components as a result of this yanking. Once the hook is broken, that cable connector becomes essentially worthless because it is no longer a reliable cable connector; although it can still be plugged-in, it can no longer be locked-in to its receptacle. The cable connector and cable are then typically discarded, and this is a wasteful activity.
There is a need for an improved connector which maintains the functionality of a standard connector, but has an improved design which would allow it to be removed from a rats-nest of cables under adverse circumstances such as those described above without ensnaring other cables and breaking or causing other damage to other cables and equipment.


A tool bushing of a breaking hammer, a tool bushing arrangement, a breaking hammer and a method of mounting a tool bushing of a breaking hammer are disclosed. The tool bushing is a sleeve-like piece having a multi-shouldered outer surface with three or more successive cylindrical portions. The cylindrical portions have different diameters that match with corresponding surfaces of a bushing housing when the tool bushing is mounted. Diameters of the bushing and the bushing housing are dimensioned so that friction forces are generated when the bushing is assembled.

Breaking hammers are used to break hard materials, such as rock, concrete, and the like. The breaking hammer includes a percussion device for generating impact pulses to a breaking tool connectable to the breaking hammer. The tool is supported by a frame of the breaking hammer by means of one or more tool bushings, which are sleeve-like objects through which the tool passes and reciprocates during its operation. At a lower end of the breaking hammer there is a lower tool bushing, which is subjected to significant transverse loadings during the breaking. The lower tool bushing is also subjected to wear because of the reciprocating tool movement, and further, because impurities may pass between the tool and the bushing despite of protective tool seals. Thus, especially the lower tool bushing may deform and wear whereby it needs to be changed time to time.
The lower end portion of the frame is typically designed so that the lower tool bushing can be changed without need for extensive dismantling measures. The tool bushing is typically locked inside the bushing housing by using friction locking principles and interference fitting between the bushing and the bushing housing.
However, the known solutions have drawbacks relating to dismounting and mounting of the tool bushings. These known solutions have shown to be time consuming and laborious, and sometimes the replacement work is impossible to execute in field circumstances and without extensive dismantling measures and tooling.

Tool bushing, breaking hammer and mounting method


A one-piece medical connector has a unitary body. The unitary body includes a rigid portion that forms a housing. The unitary body also includes a resilient portion located at least partially within the housing. At least a movable portion of the resilient portion is configured to move relative to the rigid portion. Movement of the resilient portion selectively permits fluid flow through the connector. The rigid portion and the resilient portion form a one-piece unitary connector.

In general terms, medical connectors, such as valving devices, often act as a port that may be repeatedly accessed to non-invasively inject fluid into (or withdraw fluid from) a patient's vasculature. Consequently, a medical connector permits the patient's vasculature to be freely accessed without requiring the patient's skin be repeatedly pierced by a needle. Alternatively, medical connectors may act as a port for other medical applications, such as for accessing fluid containers (e.g. bags, vials), trachea tubes, enteral lines, breathing apparatuses, surgical sites, etc.
Medical personnel insert a medical instrument into the medical connector to inject fluid into (or withdraw fluid from) a patient who has an appropriately secured medical connector. Once inserted, fluid may be freely injected into or withdrawn from the patient.

Unitary medical connector with a rigid and a resilient portion


A headphone assembly adapted for engaging a user's head includes an adjustable headband having first and second ends. A right ear piece is attached to a first end, and a left ear piece is attached to a second end of the headband. Each ear piece is substantially semi-circular shaped, and has a substantially inverted U-shaped shell having an inverted U-shaped inner wall. The U-shaped inner wall defines an acoustic cavity having a bottom end opening for receiving approximately the top half of the user's ear. A rear wall of the acoustic cavity has a number of holes extending therethrough behind which a speaker is mounted. An inverted U-shaped chamber is provided about the acoustic cavity and the outer perimeter of the ear piece. The right ear piece chamber will hold the electronic circuitry necessary for a cordless receiver. The left ear piece has a similar chamber which accepts a power board for holding a plurality of batteries which provides the power source for the electronic circuitry mounted in the opposite ear piece. A dome-shaped cover plate covers each of the speaker elements and the respective power board and circuit board, to create a cordless headphone wherein the user's ear is only partially enclosed by the ear piece. Foam pads mounted on the ear pieces contact the user's head to provide comfort to the user.

1. Technical Field
The invention relates generally to an improved headphone. More particularly, the invention relates to a headphone having improved ear pieces. Specifically, the invention relates to a headphone wherein the ear pieces provide space for the components of a cordless headphone, and which ear pieces are stable on the user's head, and provide ventilation to the users ears and the ability to hear ambient sounds.
2. Background Information
Portable radios and cassette players with small speakers that are held adjacent the ears of the user by a headband have become very popular in recent years. This popularity is increasing as cordless headphones, or self contained headphones, become available. While the use of such devices was originally limited to entertainment, the popularity of these devices has spurred their introduction into the industrial and manufacturing environments. Specifically, cordless headphones are often utilized in warehouse applications where a worker receives information from other workers, or from a scanning tool so that the worker can appropriately act on that information. Further, as headphones become increasingly lightweight and durable, their use during sporting activities is also increasing. While the popularity of these devices is increasing in every facet of society, a number of problems are still associated with the prior art designs.
A first type of prior art headphone includes ear pieces which rest against the user's head circumambient to the user's ears, and completely encloses the user's ears as shown in FIG. 7. While such ear pieces is presumable sufficient for the purpose for which they were intended, they do not allow ventilation to the user's ears, and therefore, if the user is perspiring, the headphone will become increasingly uncomfortable. A further problem associated with this design is that inasmuch as the ear piece completely encloses the ear, the user is unable to hear ambient sound which is a potentially dangerous situation, especially if the user is in an industrial or manufacturing environment, or if the user is in a potentially dangerous situation recreationally, for example, when jogging or biking on a busy street. Lastly, this type of headphone cannot be worn comfortably by persons wearing earrings.
A second type of headphone as shown in FIG. 8, is also presumably sufficient to achieve the purpose for which it was intended, but also presents a number of complications. This second style ear piece has a speaker mounted on each free end of the headband. The speaker is covered in soft foam which is supported directly from the user's ear. This headphone presents many of the problems associated with the previously discussed style in that it entirely covers the user's ear canal, and therefore blocks nearly all of the ambient sound. Further, inasmuch as it is supported directly from the user's ear, it is less stable than the previous headphone and therefore is not easily worn in a physically demanding environment. Further, inasmuch as the user's ear supports the full weight of the headphone, it is less comfortable.
A third style of prior art headphone as shown in FIG. 9, attempts to solves many of the problems associated with the above two headphone styles but still presents a number of drawbacks. In this third style, the ear piece fits within the user's ear canal and therefore blocks out ambient sound. Although these ear pieces do not collect perspiration, and are relatively well anchored to the user's ears permitting them to be utilized in a physically demanding environment, inasmuch as the entire speaker is placed in the ear canal, this style headphone can become uncomfortable. Further, this style headphone cannot be cordless, as the electronics would be too heavy to include on the headband when the entire weight of the headphone is carried by the user's ear canal. Also, inasmuch as this style headphone extends into the ear canal, it cannot be used by persons that wear hearing aids within their ear canal.
Therefore, a need exists for a headphone which will carry the electronics associated with a cordless headphone, but which weight is carried by the user's head and not by the users ears, which allows ventilation to the user's ears, and which is well anchored to the user's head. Still further, the need exists for such a headphone which, when in use, allows ambient sound to enter the user's ear.


The invention is based on a stator having an insulation which is arranged around a coil winding package, wherein a stator packet is arranged on the insulation. It is proposed that the insulation means be embodied as a self-supporting sleeve.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention is based on a stator with an insulation, on an insulation for a stator, and on an electric power tool.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Brushless direct current motors (BLDC motors) with air gap winding are typically equipped with a winding package on which a stator packet is mounted. Such BLDC motors are used in electric power tools, for instance. In self-supporting winding packages, the winding package is inserted into the respective stator packet that is formed of individual sheet-metal rings. Between the winding package and the stator packet, a surface insulation is necessary, in order to avoid a short circuit between the typically enamel-insulated winding wires and the stator packet. This surface insulation, which is usually a few hundred micrometers thick, has a rectangular shape and is placed in the manner of a jacket around the winding package. The edges of the surface insulation gape apart, so that in the longitudinal direction of the winding package, an unprotected region can occur opposite the stator packet. This can lead to problems on the one hand if demands made with regard to air gaps and leakage distances are not met, and on the other hand it makes inserting the winding package into the stator packet more difficult, since the winding package must be seated with as precise a fit as possible in the stator packet in order to enable good heat dissipation out of the winding package. The surface insulation may be slightly damaged in the process.

Stator with insulation for an electric motor, insulation for a stator, and electric power tool