Messages exchanged among users of a relationship management and work collaboration system are organized within user-defined, secure communication channels organized according to user-defined hierarchies that represent the users' personal relationships with one another. Security of the communications channels is maintained using individual, dynamic keys, each of the keys being uniquely associated with a respective one of the channels, and being generated according to combinations of individual passwords established by each respective channel's participants. In-bound messages in the form of e-mails are received and associated with respective ones of the channels according to e-mail aliases associated with the inbound messages. Out-bound e-mails may be sent to channel participants according to e-mail addresses associated with the participants and channel preferences established by the system users. In some instances, messages are posted or not posted to those of the channels under the control of respective moderators and channel participants.

So-called social networking and online collaboration Web sites have become very popular among users of the Internet. Although differences exist, must of these sites allow users some form of self-expression (e.g. identifying likes, dislikes, interests, displaying photos, videos, etc.) and provide facilities for users to exchange correspondence with one another. As such, these virtual communities seek to emulate physical world social organizations in which users of a community are tied together by shared interests, business, friendship, kin, or other relationships.
A common failing of these conventional social networking sites, however, is that the need to monetize the operation of the site inevitably leads to an eroding of its individual users' privacy. And, any privacy that is given is limited at the boundary of the website being used, as data encryption for customer data makes it hard to develop and maintain software and provide customer service. Users' contact lists, communication threads, and profiles are fertile grounds for advertisers and retailers seeking to drum up business and operators of social networking sites have taken to selling access to such information in exchange for revenue, in cases where users are permitted to opt out of such programs, the volume of personal information that is readily displayed to anyone who cares to review individual user profiles can be staggering, particularly from the standpoint of information available to employees of the service entity. Because the information exists in electronic form, it is easy to copy and transport and so can easily wind up in the wrong hands. At times it seems like an entire generation has freely ceded access to what has traditionally been considered private information.
Another common problem that surrounds conventional social networking and online collaboration sites is that each represents its own walled garden. Sites compete with one another for user attention and allow little, if any, portability and interoperability for user profiles and content. Presently, interoperability between users of these different websites is dictated by business agreements, and often, the business entities do not cooperate even in these agreements to benefit the users. As a result, users often create profiles at many different social network sites. Yet, they cannot create their own use case easily, and users have been forced to adopt multiple services and multiple accounts within a service for different facets of their lives, be it work or personal. This creates multiple communication streams that users must continually monitor in order to keep abreast of their friends' activities.

Systems and methods for facilitating relationship management


A first latch circuit latches output data in response to a leading edge of a clock signal. A second latch circuit latches the output data in response to a trailing edge of the clock signal. When the first latch circuit latches a low level, an n-channel MOS transistor is turned to an on-state in order to supply the transmission path to the low level. When the first latch circuit latches a high level, a p-channel MOS transistor is turned to an on-state during a period during which the second latch circuit latches the low level. The transmission path is supplied to thq high level.

This invention relates to a synchronous buffer circuit and a data transmission circuit using the synchronous buffer circuit. More particularly, this invention is concerned with a synchronous bidirectional buffer circuit used to transfer data from or to a transmission line terminated by terminating resistors, and a data transmission circuit including the synchronous bidirectional buffer circuits.
In general, a low-amplitude level is often used as a fashion for transmitting data at a high speed over a transmission line. Since the adoption of a low amplitude enables minimization of reflection of a signal, fast transmission can be achieved. It is known that a conventional data transmission circuit is known as an exemplary data transmission circuit using a low-amplitude level.
Reflection of data occurs at terminals of a transmission line in the conventional data transmission circuit, as will be described later. It is therefore essential to absorb the reflection fully.
However, it is in practice very difficult to fully absorb reflection in the conventional data transmission circuit.
In order to reduce the reflection, a time instant at which an output level changes from a low level to a high level has been delayed on purpose in an effort to minimize reflection. An output waveform may be trimmed with respect to a slew rate in order to absorb a reflected wave. This method cannot help inviting a decrease in a data transmission rate.

Synchronous buffer circuit and data transmission circuit having the synchronous buffer circuit


A modular reconfigurable bumper system for an off road vehicle includes a center base mountable to the front of the vehicle. The center base has ends, a top face, and a front face. A pair of first mounting locations having associated mounting holes are located on the front face of the center base adjacent its ends and a pair of second mounting locations having associated mounting holes are located on the top face adjacent the ends of the center base. A pair of third mounting locations are located on the ends of the center base. A plurality of optional accessories including end plates, end extenders, an overrider, a prerunner, a stinger, and D-rings are selectively mountable to the center base, all via the first, second, and third mounting locations. The system also includes a rear bumper assembly mountable to the back of the vehicle and having a hinged spare tire carrier and D-rings selectively attachable to the rear bumper via common fourth mounting locations.

Many owners and drivers of off road vehicles such as Jeep® brand vehicles choose to enhance their stock vehicles with aftermarket accessories. Such accessories might include, for example, driving lights, winches, wheels, suspensions, and the like. Some owners and drivers of Jeep® brand and other off road vehicles choose to replace the stock bumpers of their vehicles with aftermarket bumpers and bumper accessories that are more rugged, more useful, and, many believe, more stylish than stock bumpers. For example, an owner might replace the stock bumper with a bumper having a center bumper hoop, sometimes called an overrider, or a prerunner guard, or a center stinger hoop, or D-rings, or tapered ends for increased approach angles and to protect bumpers, or various combinations of such accessories. In the past, an owner typically would determine which bumper type he or she wanted, and order the bumper and accessories pre-fabricated from the manufacturer. Some manufacturers have offered bumper systems with provisions for bolting on certain accessories such as driving lights and bumper extensions.


A computer-implemented object-oriented method for controlling access to a multiplicity of objects is disclosed. The method includes creating specific access control object types, each including a pre-check method for implementing a pre-defined access control policy. Each one of the multiplicity of objects to be controlled is then associated with one of the access control objects. Next, upon an attempt to invoke a feature of any one of the multiplicity of objects, a determination is made if one of the multiplicity of objects is linked to an access control object, and if yes; the pre-check method for the access control object associated with the one of the multiplicity of objects is performed to determine whether to grant access.

A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material that is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent files or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever.
The present invention generally relates to the field of managing access control in computing systems and more particularly to an object-oriented software method for controlling access to objects and to features of those objects.
Access Control refers to a method for restricting access to a system. Such a system could be hardware or software or any other system, such as a repository functioning as a persistent store for object oriented models. Access control methods typically take the form of a policy that has two major functions. First, it defines the nature of control itself, meaning the features and functions that can be accessed. Second, such an access control policy administers control by defining the type of users who would have access to the features and functions defined previously.
An access control policy can be implemented in many ways. An example from the prior art where such an access control policy has been implemented is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,903,720, which issued May 11, 1999, entitled xe2x80x9cObject System Capable of Using Different Object Authorization Systemsxe2x80x9d. This patent discloses an access control, which is implemented for accessing xe2x80x9ca plurality of different object authorization systemsxe2x80x9d from an xe2x80x9cobject systemxe2x80x9d. The disclosed system requires an authorization system table to be maintained by the object system; and each of the plurality of authorization systems is to be registered as an entry in this authorization table. A problem with this approach is that it makes access control rigid with the need for changing the authorization table each time a user defined authorization system needs to be added.
Further, the system disclosed in the above-cited patent requires that at the time of registering in the authorization table, an xe2x80x9cauthorization systemxe2x80x9d is provided to the object system, with pointers to the functions provided by the authorization system. The authorization systems are associated with structures that are not strictly object-oriented in the sense that they are not encapsulated as objects to take advantage of object polymorphism. Thus, this prior art access control system does not provide a framework for defining extensible access control policies.
Another disadvantage if prior art is that, every time access to an object is required, the whole authorization functionality will need to be executed even for recursive calls on the same object to which access has already been granted. This is a serious overhead burden where an object needs to be accessed repeatedly because there will be repeated executions of the authorization functionality each time access is requested.
Another disadvantage with the prior art, as disclosed in the above-cited patent is that it does not support access control of the authorization systems themselves, because the authorization systems and system tables are not modeled as objects which can be controlled by the authorization systems. This may be necessary to preserve the security of the authorization system.
Still another disadvantage with prior art is that while being suited to large grained objects such as files and storage systems, it is not efficient for use with great numbers of fine grained objects such as model elements, each element being tied to its own access control policy.
It is apparent from the above that an access control system implementing an access control policy as an operation of an access control object (which can be invoked every time an access request is received) can solve many of the problems encountered with the prior art.
It is an object of this invention to provide a method for controlling access to a multiplicity of different objects using a customizable object-oriented access control hook.
It is another object of this invention to encapsulate access control policies in objects so that a variety of access control policies are accomplished through object polymorphism.
Another object of this invention is to provide for an access control object associated with each object in an object system, so that access control is managed from within each object. This reduces the overhead of maintaining authorization structures and tables separate from the objects being controlled.
Yet another object of this invention is to provide a method whereby, having determined that access is granted to an object for a first time, access is automatically granted to recursive requests on the same object.
Still another object of this invention is to provide a method for controlling access to access control.
An advantage of this invention is that it provides a method for controlling access to great numbers of objects in an object-oriented store. This access control is customizable so that different access control policies can be defined for each individual object. Thus the method of this invention efficiently scales up to handle a multiplicity of objects and a multiplicity of access control policies.
A feature of this invention is that it recognizes system administrators as having special access rights, which bypass the access control policies of individual objects.
Another feature of the present invention is that an access control policy on a class object can control construction of new objects and can put new objects under access control before construction is complete.
These and other objects, which will become apparent as the invention is described in detail below, wherein a computer-implemented object-oriented method for controlling access to a multiplicity of objects is disclosed. The method includes creating specific access control object types, each including a pre-check method for implementing a pre-defined access control policy. Each one of the multiplicity of objects to be controlled is then associated with one of the access control objects. Next, upon an attempt to invoke a feature of any one of the multiplicity of objects, a determination is made if one of the multiplicity of objects is linked to an access control object, and if yes; the pre-check method for the access control object associated with the one of the multiplicity of objects is performed to determine whether to grant access.
Still other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, wherein is shown and described only the preferred embodiment of the invention, simply by way of illustration of the best mode contemplated of carrying out the invention. As will be realized, the invention is capable of other and different embodiments, and its several details are capable of modifications in various obvious respects, all without departing from the invention. Accordingly, the drawings and description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature, and not as restrictive, and what is intended to be protected by Letters Patent is set forth in the appended claims. The present invention will become apparent when taken in conjunction with the following description and attached drawings, wherein like characters indicate like parts, and which drawings form a part of this application.

Method for controlling access to a multiplicity of objects using a customizable object-oriented access control hook


The invention relates to a device for preparing hot water provided with a pressure pump with a supply pipe for supplying relatively cold water to the pressure pump and an outlet connected to a heating pipe which is in heat-exchanging contact with a heating body, with an outlet valve in the heating pipe and a coffee holder, connected to the heating pipe, for accommodating a bed of coffee, whereby the heating body comprises a reservoir that is openly connected to the environment, with a heating element and water in the reservoir as a heat-exchange medium. A by-pass pipe (54) connects the inlet (57) and outlet (35) of the pressure pump (34) to each other, with a pressure-operated valve (56) in the by-pass pipe.

1. Field Of The Invention
The invention relates to a device for preparing hot water provided with a pressure pump with a supply pipe for supplying relatively cold water to the pressure pump and an outlet connected to a heating pipe, which is in heat-exchanging contact with a heating body, with an outlet valve in the heating pipe and a coffee holder, connected to the heating pipe, for accommodating a bed of coffee, whereby the heating body comprises a reservoir that is openly connected to the environment, with a heating element and water in the reservoir as a heat-exchange medium.
2. Description Of The Related Art
Such a device is known, for example, in an espresso machine that is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,498,757. In such a unit, coffee extract is obtained by forcing non-boiling water at a temperature of approximately 85° C. to 105° C. through a bed of ground coffee at a pressure of approximately 10 bars as a result of which the required flavours and aromatic substances end up in the water. In this way between 25 ml and 130 ml of coffee extract are produced with approximately 15 g of ground coffee.
When preparing coffee, a specially designed appliance is used that more or less carries out the coffee-making procedure automatically. In most of these appliances cold water is pressurised with a pump in order to then be passed through a heating element where it is heated to the required temperature. The required pressure is achieved by pressing the bed of ground coffee into a more or less compact mass which restricts the water from flowing through it, thereby achieving a build up of pressure.
In order to reduce the pressure after the coffee-making process the flow of water is taken to an open outlet after which the remaining water is generally directed to a drain.
Draining the water still remaining in the system also prevents this remaining water boiling as a result of overheating and producing steam, or the expansion of the still present cold water, which in both cases could lead to unacceptable increase in pressure as a result of which damage to the system could occur. The disadvantage of draining the hot water is, however, that the known system is not efficient in terms of hot water use. Furthermore, a special drain has to be applied which connects either to a central water drain, or has to collect the water in a reservoir which must then be regularly emptied.
As the known heating pipe is in heat-exchanging contact with the water in the reservoir that is open to the atmosphere, for example by the heating pipe passing through the reservoir, the temperature of the water in the heating pipe can never be higher than the boiling point of water. In this way undesirable steam formation and pressure build up in the heating pipe are prevented.
When making coffee the pressure pump should force pressurised water through the heating pipeline to the bed of coffee. By correctly dimensioning the heating pipeline the correct temperature is reached. On closing the dispensing valve the pressure in the pipe section downstream of the dispensing valve is equivalent to the atmospheric pressure.

Device for preparing hot water and coffee machine provided with such a device


Embodiments of the present disclosure present devices, methods, and computer readable medium for presenting a user interface that allows a user to quickly and easily filter and search a digital asset collection. The disclosed techniques allow for rapid recall of desired digital assets, linking assets into logical collections, and an overall improved user experience. The zero keyword/contextual keyword feature presents multimedia content icons and searchable keywords to allow a user to search the digital asset collection simply by tapping on one of these keywords. The top auto completion feature auto-completes suggestions in the search field based on various heuristics to ensure the method produces diverse and relevant results. The next keyword suggestion feature predicts a next search term based on learned properties about the digital asset collection.

Modern computing devices provide the opportunity to store thousands of digital assets (e.g., digital photos, digital video, etc.) in an electronic device. Users often show their digital assets to others by presenting the images on the display screen of the computing device. Finding a particular digital asset or a group of related digital assets can take time and result in a poor user experience. Sorting thousands, or tens of thousands, of digital assets manually into digital albums or folders can be time consuming and may make it difficult to link a single digital asset with multiple collections. Managing a digital asset collection can be a resource-intensive exercise for users. A user may have to sort through many irrelevant digital assets prior to finding one of interest. Scrolling through hundreds or thousands of pictures is burdensome and results in a poor user experience.


A child booster seat includes a seat body, a seat base coupled to and vertically movable relative to the seat body, and a height-adjustment mechanism mounted between the seat body and the seat base. The height-adjustment mechanism includes a support structure mounted co-movably to the seat body and formed with a plurality of positioning holes that are vertically spaced apart. The height-adjustment mechanism further includes a latching component coupled movably to the seat base. The latching component includes a stop piece for engaging a selected one of the positioning holes to releasably lock the seat body at a desired height relative to the seat base. The height-adjustment mechanism also includes a manually operable part for moving the stop piece away from the positioning holes to release locking engagement between the seat base and the seat body.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a height-adjustment mechanism, and more particularly to a child booster seat and height-adjustment mechanism thereof.
2. Description of the Related Art
An example of a child booster seat is disclosed in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2008/0116723, which may allow adjustment of the child booster seat through multiple separate manual operations. For example, these steps may involve grasping a first adjusting part with one hand while extending a first support part with a second hand. These steps may also include grasping a second adjusting part with one hand while operating a second support part of the child booster seat with a second hand. These operations may be inconvenient or problematic for a user occupied with childcare or other tasks.

Child booster seat and height-adjustment mechanism thereof


A playing apparatus including a plurality of representative components each representative of one of a plurality of computer components, each of the representative components structured for assembly as a completed structure, a gameboard defining a playing area, the playing area including a plurality of identified player positions disposed in spaced relation to one another and defining a pathway, at least some of the player positions being located within one of a plurality of component areas within the playing area, each of the components areas identifying one of the plurality of representative components, the playing area further including directions for assembling the plurality of representative components. Player markers are provided for identifying the position of each player on the gameboard, wherein the amount of movement of the player markers along a pathway is determined by rolling dice or by an electronic device that provides a name randomly selected from the names of each of the plurality of representative components. The individual components are accumulated by each player as per the game instructions that establish the distribution of representative components as a player's marker progresses about the pathway. Other enhancements include electrical circuit and indicator for indicating complete and correct assembly of the components, and a logo identifying at least one of a plurality of actual computer component manufacturers.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to puzzles, game boards, collectable cards, model kits, gaming apparatus, playing systems, and their method of their play that have as their general theme the assembly of technological devices and systems.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Numerous games are found in the prior art, each with its own particular architecture, balances of skill and chance, and potential to impart knowledge. In particular a great assortment of puzzles, model kits, and games are found each contributing a particular feature. The principal enjoyment of puzzles and model kits being the assembling of pieces into a completed picture or form.
Many games and toys have been developed over the years. Such games have ranged from the most simple to the extremely complex, and addresses a variety of themes. However, applicant is unaware of any puzzles or model kits that have the specific theme of computers and the assembling of computers.
Puzzles and model kits intended for young children are usually constructed of fewer and larger pieces. By so doing, the puzzle or model kit is easier to assemble, but can quickly lose its appeal. Where the continued successful assembly is a desirable objective, a second incentive must be provided to encourage the repeated utilization of the puzzle or model kit.


A system and method is provided for recognizing a speech input and selecting an entry from a list of entries. The method includes recognizing a speech input. A fragment list of fragmented entries is provided and compared to the recognized speech input to generate a candidate list of best matching entries based on the comparison result. The system includes a speech recognition module, and a data base for storing the list of entries and the fragmented list. The speech recognition module may obtain the fragmented list from the data base and store a candidate list of best matching entries in memory. A display may also be provided to allow a user to select from a list of best matching entries.

Speech recognition is being used as a user input to control the operation of a variety of systems. For example, navigation systems allow a user to speak requests for navigation information, such as directions to a destination. Telecommunications devices such as telephones, cell phones, etc. use speech recognition for functions such as name dialing. Some audio/video systems use speech recognition for audio or video player control. Speech recognition systems typically operate by matching voice patterns with information relevant to the application. For example, in a navigation system, the information may include information such as, city names, street names, proper names, addresses or music titles etc. The information relevant to the application is typically stored as a list of entries in a data structure. The data structures are typically stored in memory in the system employing the speech recognition.
The volume of information relevant to the application that is matched with the voice patterns is typically quite large. In operation, the speech recognition function must often select an entry from a large list of entries, which may require a large amount of memory for processing. Many systems that employ speech recognition may only have a moderate amount of memory available for processing.
Speech recognition may be implemented in systems with a moderate of memory for processor resources using a two-step approach. In a first step, a phoneme sequence or string is recognized by a speech recognition module. The accuracy of phoneme recognition is usually not acceptable and many substitutions, insertions and deletions of phonemes occur in the process. The recognized speech input, such as the phoneme string, is then compared with a possibly large list of phonetically transcribed entries to determine a shorter candidate list of best matching items. The candidate list may be supplied to a speech recognizer as a new vocabulary for a second recognition path. Such an approach saves computational resources since the recognition performed in the first step is less demanding and the computational expensive second step is only performed with a small subset of the large list of entries.
The computational effort required in cases involving very large lists may still be quite large. In a navigation system that uses speech-driven control, the user, or driver/speaker, may utter a combination of words to provide the information that identifies the destination, such as a city combined with a street in the city of destination. To illustrate in an example, there are about three million city-street combinations in Germany, which would require a very large list of entries. When the recognition step is to be carried out on such a large list, a matching step as described above would require memory and matching run time resources that may preclude incorporating the function in an embedded system in a vehicle. These large lists may also exist in other fields of application such as when selecting the name of an artist, song of an artist, e.g., when a voice controlled selection of a song should be incorporated into a product.
There exists a need for methods able to perform speech recognition involving very large lists of entries for information relevant to the application.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Speech recognition on large lists using fragments


A computer comprising: a first virtual machine (VM1) that is minimally configured to host a first firewall, a first network address translator (NAT), and a network interface card (NIC) which is operatively connected a low domain wide area network (WAN); a first virtual switch (VSW1) operatively coupled to the VM1; a second virtual machine (VM2) operatively coupled to the VSW1, wherein the VM2 is configured to process all low domain information; a third virtual machine (VM3) operatively coupled to the VSW1, wherein the VM3 is minimally configured to host a second firewall and a second NAT; a second virtual switch (VSW2) operatively coupled to the VM3; and a fourth virtual machine (VM4) operatively coupled to the VSW2, wherein the VM4 is configured to process all high domain information, such that the computer can operate in both high and low security levels and connect to the WAN with a single NIC.

Many institutions have an ever increasing requirement to process data at more than one security level. A given task may start at a lower security domain and then be completed at a higher security domain in a separate high security area. The ability to work in the high domain and to access a low domain network from the same workstation is highly desirable. Often the high domain physical spaces are small in size so reducing the hardware footprint is desirable.
FIG. 1 shows a typical configuration of a first prior art system 10 that provides access to two security domains. FIG. 1 shows a high domain computer 12 and a low domain computer 14, both connected to a low domain network 16. High domain data is passed through the low domain network to a high domain server 18 using a Virtual Private Network (VPN) tunnel 20. There is no connectivity between the high and low domain computers 14 and 16; connectivity between the domains, if required, requires a cross domain solution (CDS). The low domain computer 14 is connected to a low domain server 22 via the low domain network 16.
FIG. 2 illustrates a second prior art system 24 that provides access to two security domains. The system shown in FIG. 2 reduces size, weight, and power parameters when compared to the first system 10 of FIG. 1, but still requires two network interface cards (NICs). Prior art system 24 utilizes a single computer 26 equipped with two virtual machines, one for the high domain and one for the low domain. Each virtual machine has its own NIC. In these prior art system architectures multiple low domain computers can be simply added, but there is no way to simply add additional high domain computers without requiring each additional high domain computer to have its own VPN connection.

Covert high assurance personal computer with local network (CHAPLN)

The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Navy


The air valve on a reciprocating pneumatic pump bleeds air from the pressurized air chamber into the exhaust port through a hole in the valve cup in order to warm the exhaust port area and prevent ice build up in the area. Such construction is also suited for use in spool valves.

Reciprocating pneumatic motors are well known and have been used in a variety of applications. Such motors, when operated continuously in environments having relatively high humidity, are often subject to the buildup of ice in the exhaust passageways. If the ice is allowed to build up enough, the pneumatic motor will cease operation until the ice has a chance to thaw.
A number of attempts have been made to solve this icing issue including those shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,921,408 and 5,277,099 owned by the assignee of the instant invention.

Air valve with bleed feature to inhibit icing


A photovoltaic device includes: a p- or n-type semiconductor substrate; a p-type amorphous semiconductor film and an n-type amorphous semiconductor film on a first-face side; p-electrodes on the p-type amorphous semiconductor film; and n-electrodes on the n-type amorphous semiconductor film, wherein: the p-electrodes and the n-electrodes are arranged at intervals; the p-type amorphous semiconductor film surrounds the n-type amorphous semiconductor film in an in-plane direction of the semiconductor substrate; the n-type amorphous semiconductor film has an edge portion providing an overlapping region where the n-type amorphous semiconductor film overlaps the p-type amorphous semiconductor film; and the n-electrodes are disposed in areas of the n-type amorphous semiconductor film that are surrounded by the overlapping region.

Solar cells are capable of directly converting solar energy to electric energy and increasingly expected as a next-generation energy source, particularly in view of global environmental problems. The solar cells that are currently most popularly manufactured and sold have electrodes formed on both sides: a light-receiving face through which sunlight enters the cell and a back face opposite the light-receiving face.
The electrodes on the light-receiving face, however, reflect and absorb sunlight. Incident light available for conversion decreases by as much as the light that hits the area occupied by the electrodes. Development is therefore underway for a back-contacted solar cell that includes electrodes only on the back face thereof (see, for example, Patent Literature 1).

Photovoltaic device and photovoltaic unit


In an approach for generating transaction tracking data that is used to simulate a customer environment or test case scenario, a processor receives user input data, wherein the user input data includes, at least, an application topology constructed using a graphical user interface. A processor validates the user input data for, at least, supported environments of components of the application topology. A processor generates transaction tracking data based on, at least, the user input data.

The present invention relates generally to the field of transaction tracking, and more particularly to generating transaction tracking data that is used to simulate a customer environment or test case scenario.
Transaction tracking technologies focus on tracking composite applications across multiple technologies, protocols, domains (middleware stacks), and operating systems. Tracking is often achieved by instrumenting targeted software with tracking agents that generate tracking events at strategic points in the application flow. Collected tracking events can be analyzed to determine application metrics and topology.
Application software (i.e., an application) is a set of computer programs designed to permit a user to perform a group of coordinated functions, tasks, or activities. Application software is dependent on system software to execute. Examples of an application include, but are not limited to: a word processor, a spreadsheet design and management system, a console game, or a library management system.

Decomposing application topology data into transaction tracking data

International Business Machines Corporation


A final drive assembly for transferring power from a vehicle engine and transmission to a vehicle propulsion unit, such as an endless track assembly, has a power input shaft coupled to first and second planetary gear assemblies. The second planetary gear assembly is coupled to a torque tube portion of a sprocket support member for rotating a drive sprocket. The power input shaft, first and second planetary gear assemblies, and the torque tube portion are substantially co-axial, and the first and second planetary gears assemblies are positioned inwardly of the sprocket support member. By positioning the planetary assemblies inwardly of the sprocket support member, additional gears, hubs, splines, and shafts are eliminated and the planetary assemblies are less susceptible to damage. The planetary gear assemblies are substantially free-floating which eliminates the cost and complexity of additional bearing supports.

Earthmoving and construction type vehicles, which have endless self-laying track chain assemblies for support and propulsion, utilize a sprocket wheel to engage and drive the track chain. The sprocket is generally driven through a final drive planetary gear reduction assembly, which reduces the rotational speed of the transmission output shaft while increasing the torque available at the sprocket wheel. Many types of final drive assemblies have been used in the past including those having both single and double planetary gear reduction units, and those having no planetary assemblies.
One type of final drive assembly for a crawler vehicle is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,392,396 issued to Y. Sato et al. on July 12, 1983. In this patent, the input shaft rotates the sprocket through multiple gear connections, a planet carrier, gear shifts, and a torque tube. These multiple gears and shafts require several sets of bearings to provide rotational support within the stationary housing and between the gears and shafts. This assembly also utilizes several bolted joints, some of which are subjected to high torque shear loads.
Another type of final drive assembly is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,802,289 issued to M. E. Creek on Apr. 9, 1974. In this patent, a final drive gear train transmits power from a hydrostatic drive motor to a track driving sprocket. This disclosure relates to a two piece housing which is bolted together and to means for securing the various gears in place while the sprocket and outside cover are removed. This design requires a plurality of tapered bearing assemblies for rotatably supporting the various gears and closely machined mating surfaces for properly preloading the bearing assemblies. The splines securing the drive sprocket to the mating shaft must also absorb bending loads generated by the track assembly. Also, this final drive is not a planetary reduction type final drive, which the subject invention relates to.
The present invention is directed to overcoming one or more of the problems as set forth above.


A primary surface 23a of a supporting base 23 of a light-emitting diode 21a tilts by an off-angle of 10 degrees or more and less than 80 degrees from the c-plane. A semiconductor stack 25a includes an active layer having an emission peak in a wavelength range from 400 nm to 550 nm. The tilt angle “A” between the (0001) plane (the reference plane SR3 shown in FIG. 5) of the GaN supporting base and the (0001) plane of a buffer layer 33a is 0.05 degree or more and 2 degrees or less. The tilt angle “B” between the (0001) plane of the GaN supporting base (the reference plane SR4 shown in FIG. 5) and the (0001) plane of a well layer 37a is 0.05 degree or more and 2 degrees or less. The tilt angles “A” and “B” are formed in respective directions opposite to each other with reference to the c-plane of the GaN supporting base.

Patent Literature 1 discloses a semiconductor light-emitting device. The semiconductor light-emitting device has a semiconductor stack, which lowers threshold current density for laser oscillation and reduces the occurrence of kink, and the semiconductor light-emitting device of a surface-emitting semiconductor laser has a fixed polarization plane of laser oscillation, and reduces a variation in the oscillation plane.
Patent Literature 2 discloses a light-emitting diode device, a semiconductor laser device, a photosensitive device and a transistor which are made of group III nitride semiconductors. These group III nitride semiconductor devices include an AlGaN layer having a high Al composition and a high carrier concentration. The growth of the AlGaN layer is carried out so as to enhance the surface diffusion of Al atoms, although the surface diffusion is small in AlGaN growth. The AlGaN layer with a high Al composition and a high carrier concentration can be grown on the surface of a GaN substrate that tilts by an angle of 1 degree to 20 degrees.

Group III nitride semiconductor element and epitaxial wafer


The present invention is an improved apparatus to very rapidly install a lightbulb socket assembly within the housing of a recessed lighting fixture. Through the present invention, the lightbulb socket assembly is removed from the housing fixture during shipment so that it will not be damaged and when the fixture is ready to be installed, the present invention permits the socket assembly to be very rapidly installed and affixed to the base plate of the lightbulb housing.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to the field of lighting fixtures and more particularly to socket assemblies which are retained within a recessed ceiling fixture.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In general, ceiling fixtures come with pre-attached and prewired lightbulb sockets. However, during shipment, it is easy for the sockets to be damaged. Therefore, there is a significant need for an improved method and apparatus to separately ship a socket assembly and rapidly connect the socket assembly to the recessed ceiling fixture when the fixture is being installed.

Apparatus to rapidly insert a socket assembly into a ceiling fixture


A tension feedback signal is generated to reduce tension variation on a tape occurring at a reel frequency. Tension variation information may be obtained and used to generate the tension feedback signal. The tension feedback signal may be combined with a constant tension preset signal. The combined signal may be used to drive a tape reel at a tape reel speed adjusted according to the combined signal.

In tape storage, data may be stored on a plurality of longitudinal data tracks of a storage tape. During operation, the storage tape is moved longitudinally with respect to a tape head. In some cartridge-based tape systems, tape moves between a cartridge reel in a tape cartridge and a drive reel in a tape drive. The tape drive may have a cartridge motor to drive the tape cartridge reel and a drive motor to drive the drive reel.

Hewlett Packard Enterprise Development LP


Hair coloring compositions which comprise:

It is desirable for hair coloring compositions to afford good color deposition. A problem with such compositions is that they must achieve deposition of a large amount of colorant and achieve an even color from root to tip of the hair fiber. It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel means for improving hair color deposition from hair coloring compositions.
A publication which is related to the field of this invention is as follows: EP 1 048290-A2 discloses oxidative, hair coloring compositions which color and condition hair, requiring lesser amounts of dye concentrations due to the presence of certain amphoteric, quaternized, conditioning polymers. The polymers contain repeating units from acrylic acid and methacrylamidopropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride, or a mixture thereof.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,203,578 discloses the use of linear or cyclic silicon compounds containing at least one chromophoric group of quinone or azo type as direct dyes in dye compositions intended for dyeing human keratin fibres and in particular the hair. The invention also relates to novel silicon compounds and dye compositions containing them, as well as to the direct dyeing process. The compositions disclosed herein can contain sequestering agents.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,010,541 discloses an oxidation dye composition for keratin fibers, and in particular for human keratin fibers such as the hair, comprising, in a medium which is suitable for dyeing, at least one oxidation dye precursor and optionally one or more couplers, characterized in that it also comprises a nonionic amphiphilic polymer containing at least one fatty chain and at least one hydrophilic unit, and the invention also relates to the processes and dyeing devices using the said oxidation dye composition. The compositions disclosed herein can contain sequestering agents.
The present invention relates to permanent hair coloring compositions which comprise non-nitrogenous chelating agents such as polyphosphates or hydroxycarboxylates. Surprisingly, it has been found that hair coloring compositions which contain these chelators afford better color deposition on hair and cause color to be deposited more evenly on bleached, damaged, virgin hair than if the conventional EDTA is used.
The compositions of the present invention comprise:
(A) non-nitrogenous chelating agents selected from the group consisting of polyphosphate; phosphonates; hydroxycarboxylates; polyacrylates and its copolymer; zeolite; and mixtures thereof;
(B) an oxidative dye primary intermediate; and
(C) an oxidative dye coupler; and
(D) water.
The present invention also relates to a method for coloring hair which comprises contacting said hair with a composition of the invention.
As used herein, % means weight %, unless otherwise indicated. As used herein the term chelator or chelating agent means a molecule that can form coordinate bonds to a single metal atom-that is, it is a sequestering agent. As used herein the term non-nitrogenous chelator or chelating agent means a molecule that is a chelating agent and that has no nitrogen. Preferred chelators or chelating agents mean a molecule that lacks an aminocarboxylic or an aminophosphonic acid group moiety. The compositions of the invention can be made by known methods or by methods that are analogous to known methods. The compositions of the present invention can be made from known starting materials or from starting materials that are analogous to known starting materials.
The compositions of the present invention comprise:
(A) a non-nitrogenous chelating agent selected from the group consisting of polyphosphates, phosphonates, hydroxycarboxylates, polyacrylates, zeolites and mixtures thereof;
(B) at least one oxidative dye primary intermediate; and
(C) at last one oxidative dye coupler; and
(D) water.
The invention also relates to a hair coloring mixture comprising:
(A) about 0.01 to about 3% of a non-nitrogenous chelating agent selected from the group consisting of polyphosphates, phosphonates, hydroxycarboxylates, polyacrylates, zeolites and mixtures thereof;
(B) about 0.01 to about 5% oxidative dye primary intermediate; and
(C) about 0.01 to about 5% oxidative dye coupler; and
(D) water.
The invention also relates to a hair coloring mixture comprising a mixture of:
(A) about 0.01 to about 3% of a non-nitrogenous chelating agent selected from the group consisting of polyphosphates, phosphonates, hydroxycarboxylates, polyacrylates, zeolites and mixtures thereof;
(B) about 0.01 to about 5% oxidative dye primary intermediate; and
(C) about 0.01 to about 5% oxidative dye coupler; and
(D) water.
The invention also relates to compositions as described above, which contain a non-amino chelating agent.
Sequestering agents have been used in hair colorant and developer as stabilizing agents. Because trace amount of metal may destabilize the colorant in a hair coloring composition, aminocarboxylic acids such as ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) have been traditionally used as sequestering agents in hair coloring compositions. It has been unexpectedly found that non-amino containing chelates such as polyphosphates and hydroxycarboxylates give better color deposition than that of amine containing chelates such as EDTA.
What follows now is a description of each of the ingredients which may be employed in the hair coloring compositions of the invention.
Non-Nitrogenous Chelating Agents and Non-Amino Chelating Agents
It has been unexpectedly discovered that certain chelating agents make hair colorant and hair dyeing compositions more efficient. These chelating agents make color deposition heavier and darker with the same amount of dye as compared to other chelating agents. Hence, these chelating agents allow the same target shade to be matched through the use of a lesser amount of dye. This allows for reduction in the cost of a hair coloring formula and/or reduces the exposure of consumers to these dyes, which may, for example, be allergens. As noted above, the present invention is related to a hair coloring composition comprising: a non-nitrogenous chelating agent selected from the group consisting of polyphosphates, phosphonates, hydroxycarboxylates, polyacrylates, zeolites and mixtures thereof.
Particular chelating agents that may be useful in the present invention for the purpose of enhancing dye color include polyphosphates such as pentasodium tripolyphosphate (STPP), potassium diphosphate, potassium pyrophosphate etc; non-amino containing phosphonic acid or its salts such as 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid (Dequest 2010, Astaris LLC); hydroxycarboxylates such as citric acid, gluconic acid, tartaric acid, 1,2,3,4-cyclopentanetetra-carboxylic acid, O-carboxymethyl tartronic acid, O-carboxymethyloxysuccinic acid, oxidized carbohydrates and its salts etc; polyacrylates and their copolymers such as polyacrylic acid, acrylic acid/maleic acid copolymer, acrylic acid and sulfonated copolymer, polyaspartic polymer, poly(methylvinyl ether/maleic acid). Another class of useful chelating agents include ion exchangers such as Zeolites which are crystalline oxides of aluminum and silicon.
A non-amino chelator as described above, may optionally be mixed with a small amount of amino containing chelates without significantly reducing the color intensity achieved by the hair coloring compositions of the invention. Amino containing chelates can be aminocarboxylates such as nitrilotriacetate (NTA), ethylene diamine tetraacetate (EDTA), diethylene triamine pentaacetate (DTPA), and hydroxyethyl ethylene diamine triacetate (HEDTA), aminophosphonates such as amino trimethylene phosphate, ethylene diamine tetramethylene phosphonate.
Hair Colorants
Oxidative Hair Coloring Agents (Oxidative Dye Primary Intermediates)
Permanent hair dye compositions as described herein are compositions, which once applied to the hair are substantially resistant to wash-out. Wash-out as described herein is the process by which hair color is removed from the hair over time during a normal hair cleansing regimen.
Oxidative hair coloring agents which can be used in compositions of the invention can be selected from the group consisting of an aromatic diamine, an aminophenol, a polyhydric phenol, heterocyclic polyamines, a catchol and mixtures thereof. Oxidative hair coloring agents which can also be called oxidative dyes are described in more detail below.
Primary intermediates are chemical compounds, which by themselves will form a dye upon oxidation. A second class of intermediates is known as the secondary intermediates, also known as color modifiers or couplers and are used with other primary intermediates for specific color effects or to stabilize the color. Color couplers are described in more detail below.
The oxidation dye intermediates which are suitable for use in the compositions and processes herein include aromatic diamines, heterocyclic polyamines polyhydric phenols, aminophenols and derivatives of these aromatic compounds (e.g., N-substituted derivatives of the amines, and ethers of the phenols). Primary oxidation dye intermediates are generally colorless molecules prior to oxidation. The oxidation dye color is generated when the primary intermediate is activated and subsequently joined with a secondary intermediate (coupling agent), which is also generally colorless, to form a colored, conjugated molecule.
In general terms, oxidation hair dye precursors or intermediates include those monomeric materials which, on oxidation, form dimers or oligomers or polymers having extended conjugated systems of electrons in their molecular structure. Because of the new electronic structure, the resultant dimers or oligomers and polymers exhibit a shift in their electronic spectra to the visible range and appear colored. For example, oxidation dye precursors capable of forming colored molecules include materials such as anilines, which, on oxidation and further reaction with couplers, forms a series of dimers, trimers, and the like, ranging in color from green to black. Compounds such as p-phenylenediamine, which has two functional groups, are capable of oxidative coupling to yield higher molecular weight colored materials having extended conjugated electron systems. Color modifiers (couplers), such as those detailed hereinafter, are preferably used in conjunction with the primary intermediates herein. A representative list of primary intermediates suitable for use is found in Sagarin, xe2x80x9cCosmetic Science and Technology Interscience, Special Edn. Vol 2 pages 308 to 310, which is hereby incorporated by reference.
The hair coloring compositions of the invention may use one or more oxidative primary dye intermediates. Nonlimiting examples include:
p-phenylenediamine and its derivatives such as 2-methyl-p-phenylenediamine, p-phenylenediamine, N-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N-[bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)]-p-phenylenediamine, 2-chloro-p-phenylenediamine etc.
p-aminophenol and its derivatives such as: p-aminophenol, p-methylaminophenol, 2-methyl-4-aminophenol, 3-methyl-4-aminophenol, o-aminophenol and its derivatives such as o-aminophenol, 2,4-diaminophenol, 5-methyl-2-aminophenol etc.
heterocyclic derivatives such as 2,4,5,6-tetraaminopyrimidine, 4,5-diamino-1-methylpyrazole etc.
The primary intermediates can be used as a free base or in the form of an acid additive salt such as a hydrochloride, a hydrobromide, a sulfate or the like.
The typical aromatic diamines, polyhydric phenols, aminophenols, and derivatives thereof, described above as primary intermediates can also have additional substituents on the aromatic ring, e.g. halogen, and substituted and unsubstituted hydrocarbon groups, as well as additional substituents on the amino nitrogen, which is further substituted with (un)substituted alkyl and aryl groups.
Nonlimiting examples of suitable aromatic diamines, aminophenols, polyhydric phenols and derivatives thereof, respectively, are the following compounds:
o-phenylenediamine,
1,3,5-triaminobenzene,
2-hydroxy-p-phenylenediamine,
N, N-diisopropyl-p-phenylenediamine bicarbonate,
N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine,
N-ethyl-Nxe2x80x2-(2-propenyl)-p-phenylenediamine,
N-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine,
N-phenyl-N-benzyl-p-phenylenediamine,
N-ethyl-Nxe2x80x2-(3-ethylphenyl)-p-phenylenediamine,
2,5-toluenediamine,
2-ethyl-p-phenylenediamine,
2-(2-bromoethyl)-p-phenylenediamine,
2-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine,
4-(2,5-diaminophenyl)benzaldehyde,
2-benzyl-p-phenylenediamine,
2-(4-nitrobenzyl)-p-phenylenediamine,
2-(4-methylphenyl)-p-phenylenediamine,
2-(2,5-diaminophenyl)-5-methylbenzoic acid,
2-methoxy-p-phenylenediamine,
2,3-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine,
2,5-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine,
2-methyl-5-methoxy-p-phenylenediamine,
2,6-methyl-5-methoxy-p-phenylenediamine,
3-methyl-4-amino-N, N-diethylaniline,
N,N-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-p-phenylenediamine,
3-methyl-4-amino-N,N-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)aniline,
3-chloro-4-amino-N,N-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)aniline,
4-amino-N-ethyl-(N-piperidonoethyl)aniline,
3-methyl-4-amino-N-ethyl-N-xcex2-(piperidinoethyl)aniline,
4-amino-N-ethyl-N-(morpholinoethyl)aniline,
4-amino-N-ethyl-N-(acetylaminoethyl)aniline,
4-amino-N-(methoxyethyl)aniline,
3-methyl-amino-N-ethyl-N-(2-acetylaminoethyl)aniline,
4-amino-N-ethyl-N-(mesylaminoethyl)aniline,
3-methyl-4-amino-N-ethyl-N-(xcex2-mesylaminoethyl)aniline,
4-amino-N-ethyl-N-(-sulfoethyl)aniline,
3 -methyl-4-amino-N-ethyl-N-(xcex2-sulfoethyl)aniline,
N-(4-aminophenyl)morpholine,
N-(4-aminophenyl)piperidine,
2-isopropyl-p-phenylenediamine,
N,N-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-p-phenylenediamine sulfate,
o-aminophenol,
p-aminophenol,
2-iodo-p-aminophenol,
3,4-dihydroxyaniline,
3,4-diaminophenol,
N,N-diisopropyl-p-aminophenol,
N-methyl-N-(1-propenyl)-aminophenol,
N-phenyl-N-benzyl-p-aminophenol sulfate,
N-methyl-N-(3-ethylphenyl)-p-aminophenol,
(2-hydroxy-5-aminophenyl)acetaldehyde,
2-methyl-p-aminophenol,
(2-hydroxy-5-aminophenyl)acetic acid,
3-(2-hydroxy-5-aminophenyl-1-propene,
3-(2-hydroxy-5-aminophenyl)-2-chloro-1-propene,
2-phenyl-p-aminophenol palmitate,
2-benzyl-p-aminophenol,
2-(4-chlorobenzyl)-p-aminophenol perchlorate,
2-(4-methylphenyl)-p-aminophenol,
2-(2-amino-4-methylphenyl)-p-aminophenol,
p-methoxyaniline,
di-(2-aminoethyl-4-aminophenyl) ether,
di-(2-hydroxyethyl-4-aminophenyl) ether,
(4-aminophenoxy)acetaldehyde,
(4-aminophenoxy)acetic acid,
(4-aminophenoxy)methanesulfonic acid,
1-propenyl-4-aminophenyl ether isobutyrate,
di-(2-amino-propenyl-4-aminophenyl) ether,
di-(2-hydroxy-propenyl-4-aminophenyl) ether,
N-methyl-p-aminophenol,
3-methyl-4-aminophenol,
2-chloro-4-aminophenol,
3-chloro-4-aminophenol,
2,6-dimethyl-4-aminophenol,
3,5-dimethyl-4-aminophenol,
2,3-dimethyl-4-aminophenol,
3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-alanine (DOPA)
2,5-dimethyl-4-aminophenol,
2-hydroxymethyl-4-aminophenol,
3 -hydroxymethyl-4 aminophenol,
o-hydroxyphenol (catechol),
p-hydroxyphenol (hydroquinone),
4-methoxyphenol,
2-methoxyphenol,
4-(2-chloroethoxy)phenol,
4-(2-propenoxy)phenol,
4-(3-chloro-2-propenoxy)phenol,
2-chloro-4-hydroxyphenol (2-chlorohydroquinone),
2-amino-4-hydroxyphenol,
1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene (pyrogallol),
3-ethyl-4-hydroxyphenol,
3-(2-nitroethyl)-4-hydroxyphenol,
3-(2-propenyl)-4-hydroxyphenol,
3-(3-chloro-2-propenyl)-4-hydroxyphenol,
2-phenyl-4-hydroxyphenol,
2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxyphenol,
2-benzyl-4-hydroxyphenol,
2-(2-nitrophenyl)-4-hydroxyphenol,
2-(2-methylphenyl)-4-hydroxyphenol,
2-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxyphenol,
2-methoxy-4-(1-propenyl)phenol,
2,5-dimethoxyaniline,
2,5-diaminopyridine,
2-hydroxy-5-aminopyridine,
2-amino-3-hydroxypyridine,
tetraaminopyrimidine,
1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene
1,2,4-trihydroxy-5-(C1-C6-alkyl)benzene,
4-aminoresorcinol,
2-amino-1,4-dihydroxybenzene,
2-amino-4-methoxyphenol,
2,4-diaminophenol,
3-methoxy-1,2-dihydroxybenzene,
4,6-dimethoxy-3-amino-1-hydroxybenzene,
2,6-dimethyl-4-(p-hydroxyphenyl)amino]phenol
xe2x80x83and salts thereof;
4-chloro-5,8-dimethoxy-6-methynaphth-1-ol,
4-chloro-5,8-dimethoxynaphth-1-ol,
4-acetoxy-5-chloro-6-methyl-7-acetyl-8-hydroxynaphth-1-ol,
4-acetoxy-8-benzyloxynaphth-1-ol,
4-benzyloxynaphth-1-ol,
4,8-dibenzyloxy-6-methylnaphth-1-ol,
4,8-dibenzyloxynaphth-1-ol,
4-benzyloxy-8-(2-chloro)ethoxynaphth-1-ol,
4-benzyloxy-8-isopropyloxynaphth-1-ol,
4-benzyloxy-8-methoxynaphth-1-ol,
4-(2-bromo)ethoxynaphth-1-ol,
4-(2-bromo)ethoxy-5-methoxynaphth-1-ol,
4-(2-bromo)ethoxy-8-methoxynaphth-1-ol,
4-(2-chloro)ethoxynaphth-1-ol,
4-(2-chloro)ethoxy-8-methoxynaphth-1-ol,
4-(2-methoxy)ethoxynaphth-1-ol,
(4-hydroxy-1-naphthyl)oxyacetic acid,
4-methoxynaphth-1-ol,
4-methoxy-5-chloronaphth-1-ol,
4-methoxy-5-chloro-8-benzyloxynaphth-1-ol,
4,8-dimethoxy-5-chloronaphth-1-ol,
4-methoxy-5-methylnaphth-1-ol,
4-methoxy-5-benzyloxynaphth-1-ol,
4-methoxy-5-benzyloxy-7-methylnaphth-1-ol,
4-methoxy-5-hydroxynaphth-1-ol,
4-methoxy-5-hydroxy-7-methylnaphth-1-ol,
4-methoxy-5-isopropyloxynaphth-1-ol,
4,5-dimethoxynaphth-1-ol,
4,5-dimethoxy-6-benzyloxynaphth-1-ol,
4,5-dimethoxy-7-methynaphth-1-ol,
4,5-dimethoxy-8-chloronaphth-1-ol,
4-methoxy-6-methynaphth-1-ol,
4-methoxy-6-methyl-7-acetyl-8-hydroxynaphth-1-ol,
5-4-dimethoxy-6,7-dimethylnaphth-1-ol,
4-methoxy-6-methyl-8-benzyloxynaphth-1-ol,
4-methoxy-6-methyl-8-hydroxynaphth-1-ol,
4,8-dimethoxy-6-methylnaphth-1-ol,
4-methoxy-6-ethoxynaphth-1-ol,
4-methoxy-6,7-diethoxynaphth-1-ol,
4-methoxy-7-methylnaphth-1-ol,
4,8-dimethoxy-7-benzyloxynaphth-1-ol,
4-methoxy-7-ethoxynaphth-1-ol,
4-methoxy-8-chloronaphth-1-ol,
4-methoxy-8-methynaphth-1-ol,
4-methoxy-8-benzyloxynaphth-1-ol,
4-methoxy-8-hydroxynaphth-1-ol,
4-methoxy-8-isopropyloxynaphth-1-ol,
4,8-dimethoxynaphth-1-ol,
4-ethoxynaphth-1-ol,
4-propyloxynaphth-1-ol,
4-isopropyloxynaphth-1-ol,
4-butoxynaphth-1-ol,
4-isobutoxynaphth-1-ol,
4-sec-butoxynaphth-1-ol,
4-isoamoxynaphth-1-ol,
4-(2-chloroisopropyloxy)naphth-1-ol,
4-cyclohexyloxynaphth-1-ol,
4-octyloxynaphth-1-ol,
4-(2-chloropropoxy)naphth-1-ol,
5-methoxynaphth-1-ol,
5,8-dimethoxy-6-methylnaphth-1-ol,
5,8-dimethoxy-6,7-dichloronaphth-1-ol,
5,8-dimethoxy-7-methy-inaphth-1-ol,
5,8-diacetoxynaphth-1-ol, and
7-methoxynaphth-1-ol.
xe2x80x834-methoxynaphth-1-ol,
4-ethoxynaphth-1-ol,
4-isopropyloxynaphth-1-ol,
4,8-dimethoxynaphth-1-ol.
4,5-dihydroxyindoles (DHI)
4,5-dihydroxyindoline
4,5-dihydroxyindolecarboxylic acid (DHICA)
Oxidative Dye Couplers (Secondary Intermediates)
Suitable oxidative dye couplers may be included in compositions of the invention. Nonlimiting examples include:
phenol derivatives and resorcinol, naphthol and their derivatives such as resorcinol, 1-naphthol, 2-methyl-1-naphthol, 4-chlororesorcinol etc.
The oxidation dye couplers can be used herein alone or in combination with other oxidation dye couplers mentioned above. The choice of a single dye coupler (precursor) will be determined by the color, shade and intensity of coloration which is desired. The following are preferred oxidation dye couplers which can be used herein, singly or in combination, to provide oxidation hair dyes having a variety of shades ranging from ash blonde to black; these are: pyrogallol, resorcinol, m-phenylenediamine, m-aminophenol, 4-amino-2-hydroxytoluene, 1,hydroxynapthalene, 2-methyl resorcinol, 2,6-diaminepyridine, 4-hydroxyindole, 6-hydroxyindole, 4-hydroxyindoline, 6-hydroxyindoline, 4,5-diaminepyrazole, and 1-phenyl-3-methyl-pyazolone. These can be used in the molecular form or in the form of peroxide-compatible salts, as detailed above.
Conditioners
Conditioners may be employed in compositions of the invention. Suitable conditioning agents are selected from cationic surfactants, used singly or in admixture.
Cationic surfactants useful in compositions of the invention contain amino or quaternary ammonium hydrophilic moieties which are positively charged when dissolved in the aqueous composition of the present invention.
Examples of suitable cationic surfactants are those corresponding to the formula:
[N(R1)(R2)(R3)(R4)]+(X)xe2x88x92
in which R1, R2, R3, and R4 are independently selected from (a) H or an aliphatic group of from 1 to 22 carbon atoms, or (b) an aromatic, alkoxy, polyoxyalkylene, alkylamido, hydroxyalkyl, aryl or alkylaryl group having up to 22 carbon atoms; and Xxe2x88x92 is a salt-forming anion such as those selected from halogen, (e.g. chloride, bromide), acetate, citrate, lactate, glycolate, phosphate nitrate, sulphate, and alkylsulphate radicals.
The aliphatic groups can contain, in addition to carbon and hydrogen atoms, ether linkages, and other groups such as amino groups. The longer chain aliphatic groups, e.g., those of about 12 carbons, or higher, can be saturated or unsaturated.
The most preferred cationic surfactants for conditioner compositions of the present invention can include monoalkyl quaternary ammonium compounds in which the alkyl chain length is C8 to C14.
Suitable examples of such materials correspond to the formula:
[N(R5)(R6)(R7)(R8)]+(X)xe2x88x92
in which R5 is a hydrocarbon chain having 8 to 14 carbon atoms or a functionalized hydrocarbon chain with 8 to 14 carbon atoms and containing ether, ester, amido or amino moieties present as substituents or as linkages in the radical chain, and R6, R7 and R8 are independently selected from (a) hydrocarbon carbonyl chains of from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, or (b) functionalized hydrocarbon chains having from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms and containing one or more aromatic, ether, ester, amido or amino moieties present as substituents or as linkages in the radical chain, and Xxe2x88x92 is a salt-forming anion such as those selected from halogen, (e.g. chloride, bromide), acetate, citrate, lactate, glycolate, phosphate, nitrate, sulphate, and alkylsulphate radicals.
The functionalised hydrocarbon chains (b) may suitably contain one or more hydrophilic moieties selected from alkoxy (preferably C1-C3 alkoxy), polyoxyalkylene (preferably C1-C3 polyoxyalkylene), alkylamido, hydroxyalkyl, alkylester, and combinations thereof.
Preferably the hydrocarbon chains R1 have 8 to 22 carbon atoms, most preferably 18 carbon atoms.
Examples of suitable cationic surfactants include:
quaternary ammonium chlorides, e.g. alkyltrimethylammonium chlorides wherein the alkyl group has from about 8 to 22 carbon atoms, for example octyltrimethylammonium chloride, dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride, hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, octyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, decyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, stearyldi-methylbenzylammonium chloride, didodecyldimethylammonium chloride, dioctadecyldimethylammonium chloride, tallow trimethylammonium chloride, cocotrimethylammonium chloride, and the corresponding salts thereof, e.g., bromides, hydroxides. Cetylpyridinium chloride or salts thereof, e.g.,
Quaternium -5
Quaternium -31
Quaternium -18
and mixtures thereof.
In the compositions of the invention, the level of cationic surfactant is preferably from 0.01 to 10, more preferably 0.05 to 10, most preferably 0.1 to 5 wt % of the total composition.
The compositions of the present invention may contain a humectant. The humectants may be selected from the group consisting of polyhydric alcohols, water soluble alkoxylated nonionic polymers, and mixtures thereof. The humectants, when used herein, are preferably used at levels by weight of the composition of from about 0.1% to about 20%, more preferably from about 0.5% to about 10%.
Polyhydric alcohols useful herein include glycerin, sorbitol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol, ethoxylated glucose, 1,2-hexane diol, hexanetriol, dipropylene glycol, erythritol, trehalose, diglycerin, xylitol, maltitol, maltose, glucose, fructose, sodium chondroitin sulfate, sodium hyaluronate, sodium adenosine phosphate, sodium lactate, pyrrolidone carbonate, glucosamine, cyclodextrin, and mixtures thereof.
Water soluble alkoxylated nonionic polymers useful herein include polyethylene glycols and polypropylene glycols having a molecular weight of up to about 1000 such as those with CTFA names PEG-200, PEG-400, PEG-600, PEG-1000, and mixtures thereof.
Commercially available humectants herein include: glycerin with tradenames STAR and SUPEROL available from The Procter and Gamble Company, CRODEROL GA700 available from Croda Universal Ltd., PRECERIN series available from Unichema, and a same tradename as the chemical name available from NOF; propylene glycol with tradename LEXOL PG-865/855 available from Inolex, 1,2-PROPYLENE GLYCOL USP available from BASF; sorbitol with tradenames LIPONIC series available from Lipo, SORBO, ALEX, A-625, and A-64 available from ICI, and UNISWEET 70, UNISWEET CONC available from UPI; dipropylene glycol with the same tradename available from BASF; diglycerin with tradename DIGLYCEROL available from Solvay GmbH; xylitol with the same tradename available from Kyowa and Eizai; maltitol with tradename MALBIT available from Hayashibara, sodium chondroitin sulfate with the same tradename available from Freeman and Bioiberica, and with tradename ATOMERGIC SODIUM CHONDROITIN SULFATE available from Atomergic Chemetals; sodium hyaluronate with tradenames ACTIMOIST available from Active Organics, AVIAN SODIUM HYALURONATE series available from Intergen, HYALURONIC ACID Na available from Ichimara Pharcos; sodium adenosine phosphate with the same tradename available from Asahikasei, Kyowa, and Daiichi Seiyaku; sodium lactate with the same tradename available from Merck, Wako, and Showa Kako, cyclodextrin with tradenames CAVITRON available from American Maize, R-HODOCAP series available from Rhone-Poulenc, and DEXPEARL available from Tomen; and polyethylene glycols with the tradename CARBOWAX series available from Union Carbide.
Solvents
Water is the preferred principal diluent for the compositions according to the present invention. As such, the compositions of present invention may also include one or more solvents as additional diluent materials. Generally, the solvent is selected to be miscible with water and innocuous to the skin. Solvents suitable for use herein include C1-C20 mono- or polyhydric alcohols and their ethers, glycerine, with monohydric and dihydric alcohols and their ethers preferred. In these compounds, alcoholic residues containing 2 to 10 carbon atoms are preferred. Thus, a particularly preferred group includes ethanol, benzyl alcohol, isopropanol, n-propanol, butanol, glycols, glycol ethers such as propylene glycol, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol, diethylene glycol ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, and mixtures thereof in concentrations ranging from about 0.5% to 20% and more preferably about 2% to about 10% by total weight of the compositions.
The compositions of the invention may also include the following materials.
Buffering Agents
The coloring compositions of the present invention may have a pH in the range of from about 7.5 to about 11, more preferably from about 8 to about 11.
As herein before described the preferred coloring compositions of the present invention may contain one or more buffering agents and/or hair swelling agents (HSAs) to adjust the pH to the desired level. Several different pH modifiers can be used to adjust the pH of the final composition or any constituent part thereof.
These can include ammonia and its salt, carbonates, phosphates, hydroxides, amines, etc.
Thickeners
The composition containing one or more oxidative hair coloring agents of the present invention (coloring compositions) may additionally include a thickener at a level of from about 0.05 % to about 20%, preferably from about 0.1% to about 10%, more preferably from about 0.5% to about 5% by weight. Thickening agents suitable for use in the compositions of the invention may be selected from the group consisting of oleic acid, cetyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, sodium chloride, cetearyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, and synthetic thickeners; and mixtures thereof.
Guar gum, hydroxy alkylcellulose, polyacrylates, carbopols, etc. are also included.
Surfactant Materials
The compositions of the present invention may additionally contain a surfactant system. Surfactants which may be employed include anionic, cationic, nonionic, amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants. Suitable surfactants for inclusion in the compositions of the invention can have a lipophilic chain length of from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms and can be selected from the group consisting of anionic, cationic, nonionic, amphoteric, zwitterionic surfactants and mixtures thereof.
(i) Anionic Surfactants
Anionic surfactants suitable for inclusion in the compositions of the invention include alkyl sulphates, ethoxylated alkylsulphates, alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonates, methyl acyl taurates, fatty acyl glycinates, N-acyl glutamates, acylisethionates, alkyl sulfosuccinates, alkyl ethoxysulphosuccinates, alpha-sulfonated fatty acids, their salts and/or their esters, ethoxy alkyl carboxylates, alkyl phosphate esters, ethoxylated alkyl phosphate esters, alkyl sulphates, acylsarcosinates and fatty acid/protein condensates, and mixtures thereof. Alkyl and/or acyl chain lengths for these surfactants are C12-C22, preferably C12 -C18.
(ii) Nonionic Surfactants
The compositions of the invention can also comprise a water-soluble nonionic surfactants.
Suitable oil derived nonionic surfactants for use herein include water soluble vegetable and animal-derived emollients such as triglycerides with a polyethyleneglycol chain inserted; ethoxylated mono and di-glycerides, polyethoxylated lanolins and ethoxylated butter derivatives.
Preferred for use herein are polyethyleneglycol based polyethoxylated C9 -C15 fatty alcohol nonionic surfactants containing an average of from about 5 to about 50 ethyleneoxy moieties per mole of surfactant.
Also suitable for use herein are nonionic surfactants derived from composite vegetable fats extracted from the fruit of the Shea Tree (Butyrospermum Karkii Kotschy) and derivatives thereof. Similarly, ethoxylated derivatives of Mango, Cocoa and Illipe butter may be used in compositions according to the invention. Although these are classified as ethoxylated nonionic surfactants it is understood that a certain proportion may remain as non-ethoxylated vegetable oil or fat.
Other suitable oil-derived nonionic surfactants include ethoxylated derivatives of almond oil, peanut oil, rice bran oil, wheat germ oil, linseed oil, jojoba oil, oil of apricot pits, walnuts, palm nuts, pistachio nuts, sesame seeds, rapeseed, cade oil, corn oil, peach pit oil, poppyseed oil, pine oil, castor oil, soybean oil, avocado oil, safflower oil, coconut oil, hazelnut oil, olive oil, grapeseed oil, and sunflower seed oil.
(iii) Amphoteric Surfactants
Amphoteric surfactants suitable for use in the compositions of the invention include: alkyl betaines, alkyl sultaines, alkyl amphoacetates, alkyl amphodiacetates, alkyl amphopropionates, and alkyl amphodipropionates.
(iv) Zwitterionic Surfactants
Water-soluble auxiliary zwitterionic surfactants suitable for inclusion in the compositions of the present invention include alkyl betaines
Water-soluble auxiliary sultaine surfactants suitable for inclusion in the compositions of the present invention include alkyl sultaines. Preferred for use herein is coco amido propylhydroxy sultaine.
Water-soluble auxiliary amine oxide surfactants suitable for inclusion in the compositions of the present invention include alkyl amine oxides and amido amine oxides. Preferred amine oxides include cocoamidopropylamine oxide, lauryl dimethyl amine oxide and myristyl dimethyl amine oxide.
(v) Cationic Surfactants
Examples of cationic surfactants include: quaternary ammonium hydroxides, e.g., alkyltrimethylammonium hydroxide wherein the alkyl group has about 8 to 22 carbon atoms, for example, octyltrimethylammonium hydroxide, dodecyltrimethylammonium hydroxide, hexadecyltrimethylammonium hydorxide, cetyltrimethylammonium hydroxide, octyldimethylbenzelammonium hydroxide, decyldimethylbenzylammonium hydroxide, stearyldimethylbenzylammonium hydroxide, didodecyldimethylbenzylammonium hydroxide, dioctadecyldimethylbenzylammonium hydroxide, tallow trimethylammonium hydroxide, coco trimethylammonium hydroxide, and the corresponding salts thereof, e.g., chloide, cetylpyridinium hydroxide, and the corresponding salts thereof, e.g., chloride, cetyl pyridinium hydroxide or salts thereof, e.g., chloride, Quaternium-5, Quaternium-18, Quaternium-31, Quaternium-37, and mixtures thereof.
Optional Ingredients
The compositions of the present invention may also contain perfumes, antioxidants, dispersing agents, opacifiers, and preservatives and other materials which are customarily found in hair colorant compositions.
A dual package which can be employed in products and kits which contain compositions of the present invention is described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,082,588 to Markey et al which is hereby incorporated by reference.
Kit Containing an Instruction Sheet
The present invention also relates to a kit for carrying out the hair coloring method of the invention. The kit comprises a developer solution, which is usually an aqueous 2-9% hydrogen peroxide solution a dye solution and a post treatment solution, each in a separate container or in a dual container, as described herein. The kit also contains written instructions that explain how the compositions of the invention are used.
The consumer admixes the components of the kit according to written instructions, to obtain the aqueous reaction mixture. The admixture may be conducted in a separate vessel external to the kit, or may take place in a container of the kit adapted to provide sufficient head space for mixing. The components that are mixed are the developer composition and the dye composition. The reactants may also be admixed on the hair of the user. Essentially upon mixing, reaction of the dye and the developer will commence. After treatment for a desired time the mixture of hair developer and hair dye is removed, preferably with water or a conventional shampoo or a conventional conditioning shampoo.
The following are nonlimiting examples of hair coloring compositions of the present invention which have been made.

Enhanced color deposition for hair with sequestering agents

Abstract: (A) non-nitrogenous chelating agents from the group consisting of polyphosphate; phosphonates; hydroxycarboxylates; polyacrylates; zeolite; and mixtures thereof;

Abstract: (C) an oxidative dye coupler;

Abstract: (D) and water

Abstract: xe2x80x83are described.

Abstract: The present invention also relates to a method for coloring hair which comprises contacting said hair with a hair coloring composition as described above.

Unilever Home and Personal Care USA, Division of Conopco, Inc.


An electronic controller for a vehicle leveling system comprises an extend-enable switch, a retract-enable switch, an all-activate switch, and at least one group-activate switch. It is configured to generate an all-extend electronic signal upon coordinated actuation of the extend-enable switch and the all-activate switch, an all-retract electronic signal upon coordinated actuation of the retract-enable switch and the all-activate switch, a group-extend electronic signal upon coordinated actuation of the extend-enable switch and the group-activate switch, and a group-retract electronic signal upon coordinated actuation of the retract-enable switch and the group-activate switch. Vehicle leveling systems having the electronic controller further include a plurality of jacks operably controlled by the electronic controller and a power system.

Vehicle leveling systems, for example, leveling systems used to level or stabilize a motor home when it is parked, are known to employ mechanical, electromechanical or hydraulic jacks for leveling. Mechanical jacks typically require individual manual deployment by the operator and are, therefore, time and labor intensive. Hydraulic jacks can be automated for remote operation, but typically only operate automatically in one direction in a controlled fashion. That is, they can be configured to extend automatically, but subsequent retraction is done by vehicle weight applied to the jack and/or by a coil spring. Therefore, making fine adjustments to level a vehicle equipped with hydraulic jacks can be time consuming and difficult, and fine adjustments typically can be done in extension but not retraction.
Electromechanical jacks can be electronically actuated in either direction, i.e., extended or retracted, but have not been fully adopted for vehicle leveling systems in view of the electrical power required to operate them. The amount of required power increases as the weight of the load supported by the electromechanical jack increases. In many applications, only one electromechanical jack has been operable at a time, making the process of extending or retracting all the jacks, in order to level the vehicle, a time consuming operation.
It is an object of one aspect of the present invention to provide electronic controllers for vehicle leveling systems that reduce or overcome some or all of the shortcomings of prior known devices and systems. It is a particular object of certain preferred embodiments to provide an electronic controller for a vehicle leveling system employing electromechanical jacks. It is a further object of certain preferred embodiments to provide an electronic controller for a vehicle leveling system configured for automated or remote control extension and retraction of multiple leveling jacks simultaneously. It is an object of another aspect of the present invention to provide vehicle leveling systems incorporating such electronic controllers. Additional objects and advantages will be apparent to those skilled in the art, that is, those who are knowledgeable or experienced in this field of technology, in view of the following disclosure of the various aspects of the invention and detailed description of certain preferred embodiments.

Electronic controller for a vehicle leveling system and vehicle leveling system comprising same


A method and a system for determining age of a user based on mass data are provided. The method includes: obtaining basic age data of the user, configuring an initial weight for the basic age data; obtaining an age weight of the user in different kinds of basic age data according to the initial weight and an age similarity of the user in the different kinds of basic age data; and searching the basic age data for an age with a largest age weight, determining the age with the largest age weight as an estimated age of the user. The method and system for determining age of the user based on mass data is able to improve accuracy of the determination of the age of the user.

With popularization of the Internet, network has become one indispensable part of people's daily life. The Internet may provide various kinds of services to users, e.g. e-shopping, acquiring information and entertainment. Age is a basic attribute of a user. With respect to users in different ages, different customized Internet services may be provided. However, the uses generally do not fill their real ages on the virtual Internet. Therefore, it has become a problem that how to determine the real age of the user accurately.
Currently, an existing method obtains age data provided by the user and estimates the age of the user through simple boundary value filtering. Specifically, an age range of the users is estimated according to experiences, and values outside of the age range are filtered. Thus, the age of the users are estimated. However, this method relies much on the ages provided by the users, thus is inaccurate.

Method and system for estimating age of a user based on mass data

Tencent Technology (Shenzhen) Company Limited


Polymerizable diazonium salts having redox properties and absorption in the visible range, a process for preparing them and uses thereof are disclosed. The salts have the general formula:[XX+LnDdEm(N2+)p][(B−)p+x]in which:                X is chosen from transition metals, preferably X is chosen from ruthenium (Ru), osmium (Os), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co) and iridium (Ir),        x is an integer ranging from 1 to 5 inclusive,        L is a ligand chosen from pyridine, bipyridine, terpyridine, phenanthroline and phenylpyridine groups, and mixtures thereof,        n is an integer ranging from 1 to 5 inclusive,        D is a saturated or unsaturated, C1-C5 alkyl spacer compound,        d=0 or 1,        E is an aromatic or polyaromatic spacer compound that can contain one or more heteroatoms,        m is an integer ranging from 0 to 5 inclusive,        p is an integer, and        B is a counterion.

The invention relates to polymerizable diazonium salts which have redox properties and properties of absorption in the visible range at various wavelengths, to the process for preparing them and to uses thereof.
The functionalization, also referred to in the subsequent text as modification of electrically conductive or semiconductive surfaces with polymer films finds application in many fields, such as biology, electronics and optical components.
At the present time, there is an interest for at least two types of conductive or semiconductive surface modifications:                firstly, the modification of conductive or semiconductive surfaces with metal complexes, and        secondly, the functionalization of conductive or semiconductive surfaces using diazonium salts.
The modification of conductive or semiconductive surfaces with metal complexes results in hybrid devices and is of great value in the field of energy conversion, information storage, optics, or molecular electronics.
In fact, the properties and the behaviour of these hybrid electronic or optoelectronic devices are greatly influenced by the electron exchanges between the organic and inorganic part, and, consequently, by the nature of the chemical bonds between the organic molecules and the semiconductor and also by the amount and the nature of the grafted metal complex.
Thus, in the field of energy conversion, and more particularly in Grätzel photovoltaic cells, the semiconductive surface is modified with metal complexes.
In this case, the photoconversion is carried out by means of metal complexes which are bound to nanoparticles of TiO2, SnO2, ZnO or ZrO2.
In these Grätzel cells, the ligands of the complexes comprise phosphonates, siloxanes, ethyl malonate, ether and/or cyanide functions which interact chemically with the surface of nanoparticles of TiO2, SnO2, ZnO or ZrO2 which become grafted by means of bonds that are covalent or ionic in nature and give monolayers of complexes at the surface.
The metal complex in this type of device is the active component since it absorbs visible light and performs the charge separation.
In fact, photoexcitation of the metal complex (photosensitizer) which absorbs light produces the injection of one of its electrons into the conduction band of the semiconductor. The reduction of the oxidized complex leads to the formation of positive charges which are transported to the counter electrode by means of the conductive electrolyte (I3−/I−). The oxidized photosensitizer is then reduced by the I3−/I− couple of the electrolyte so as to return to its initial state.
The energy which will be generated by this photovoltaic cell will therefore depend on the number of photons absorbed by the metal complex grafted at the surface of the nanoparticle.
However, the technique for grafting complexes in this type of device only makes it possible to produce monolayers of complex and therefore does not make it possible to absorb the entire intensity of the solar spectrum.
Furthermore, the use of the I3−/I− electrolyte, which is a liquid, poses a major problem. This is because it is difficult to obtain completely hermetic cells in which there is no leaking of the liquid electrolyte.
Moreover, in the context of information storage, the semiconductive surface of silicon is modified by the grafting of redox molecules, such as porphyrins or ferrocenes, onto this surface.
The organic compounds grafted onto these surfaces are the active compounds of the device since they are those which will be responsible for the memory effect through charge storage.
However, the methods of functionalization developed up until now are exclusively methods which involve chemical reactions such as the thermal activation of an alcohol, of a thiol, of a methyl halogenated derivative or of thiols that are protected with a surface of hydrogenated silicon or of halogenated silicon, the thermal hydrosyllilation of metal complexes comprising an alkene or alkyne function.
All these methods have various drawbacks, in particular the fact that the surface functionalization with these compounds is carried out at high temperatures, of the order of 200° C. to 400° C., conditions which are not compatible with all chemical compounds.
Furthermore, these reactions can also be extremely expensive in terms of product when they are carried out under solid conditions.
Similarly, with these various methods, the metal centre which has the redox properties is set apart by an arylmethylene bridge which distances it from the surface.
Finally, all these methods result only in the formation of monolayers and not polymers.
However, WO 2005/86826 A2 describes the formation of redox polymers on a silicon surface. The chemical method used consists in heating porphyrins comprising two alkyne functions to a temperature of between 200° C. and 400° C.
While said document indeed describes the formation of redox polymers on a conductive surface, this formation is again carried out by means of a reaction at high temperatures and cannot therefore be applied to all organic compounds.
Another means of functionalizing conductive or semiconductive surfaces is the electrochemical functionalization of these surfaces with diazonium salts.
Electrochemical functionalization with diazonium salts makes it possible to obtain polymers grafted to the surface, generally of silicon. It has been carried out using commercial diazonium salts which are 4-nitrophenyldiazonium tetrafluoroborate or 4-bromophenyldiazonium tetrafluoroborate.
The specific property of these diazonium salts is that they are grafted covalently with silicon and therefore form a strong interaction between molecules and substrate.
However, this method is limited since few diazonium salts exist because they are compounds that are unstable at ambient temperature and difficult to isolate.
Furthermore, the polymers formed and also the semiconductive surfaces formed cannot be used for information storage or energy conversion.
In fact, at the present time, no diazonium salts exist which could absorb visible light at various wavelengths and have redox or photoredox properties.
Another problem of this method, still due to the specificity of the diazonium salts used, is that the films deposited at the electrode by this method are thin. This is due to the deposition of nonconductive compounds on the surface, which do not make it possible to provide the charges in order to continue the electrochemical deposition, and therefore result in the deposition of an insulating film at the surface of the semiconductor.
This method is known in the literature for the functionalization of silicon surfaces, i.e. narrow-band semiconductive surfaces.
However, this method has never been described for the modification of wide-band semiconductors such as TiO2, ZnO, SnO and ZrO2.

Polymerizable diazonium salts, process for the preparation thereof and uses thereof


Polydiallylamine copolymers are copolymers comprising monomers of polydiallylamine and either polyvinlyamine or polyallylamine. Polydiallylamine copolymers are often crosslinked. The polydiallyamine copolymers are useful as pharmaceutical compositions and may be used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and for mitigating the complications of type 2 diabetes.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to polydiallymine copolymers for the treatment of diabetes. The polydiallylamine copolymers of the instant invention consist of polydiallymine monomers and polyallylamine or polyvinylamine monomers. This invention further relates to the use of polydiallymine copolymers as pharmaceutical agents and in pharmaceutical compositions.
Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease marked by elevated blood sugar levels; it manifests in individuals whose body produces insufficient amounts of insulin or becomes resistant to insulin. The primary causes of type 2 diabetes are physical inactivity and overweight/obesity. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Diabetes Statistics Report (2014), approximately 29.1 million Americans, 9.3% of the total population, have diabetes. The World Health Organization estimates that approximately 347 million people worldwide have diabetes, with 90% of those people suffering from type 2 diabetes.
Subjects with type 2 diabetes often suffer from comorbid conditions in addition to their type 2 diabestes. Comorbid conditions include but are not limited to cardiovascular diseases including hypertension and dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, decreased renal function including but not limited to chronic kidney disease (CKD), depression and osteoarthritis.

Crosslinked polydiallymine copolymers for the treatment of type 2 diabetes


A combustor of a gas turbine engine includes a multiple of liner panels mounted to the support shell, at least one of the multiple of liner panels includes a first impingement cavity that operates at a first pressure and a second impingement cavity that operates at a second pressure different than the first pressure. A method of cooling a wall assembly within a combustor of a gas turbine engine includes directing air through a support shell and a liner panel that defines a first impingement cavity and a second impingement cavity. The first impingement cavity operates at a first pressure and the second impingement cavity operates at a second pressure that is different than the first pressure.

The present disclosure relates to a gas turbine engine and, more particularly, to a combustor section therefor.
Gas turbine engines, such as those that power modern commercial and military aircraft, generally include a compressor section to pressurize an airflow, a combustor section to burn a hydrocarbon fuel in the presence of the pressurized air, and a turbine section to extract energy from the resultant combustion gases.
Advanced engine cycles require the combustor section to operate at relatively high compressor exit temperatures. A survey of typical flight envelopes often reveals that high compressor exit temperatures exist with reduced supply pressure at high altitude. These operational conditions may result in relatively high convection and radiation heat loads.
The combustor section typically includes a double wall assembly with an outer shell that is lined with heat shields, which are often referred to as floatwall liner panels, attached to the outer shell with studs and nuts. In certain arrangements, dilution holes through the double wall combustor direct cooling air for dilution of the combustion gases. In addition to the dilution holes, the outer shell typically includes numerous relatively smaller air impingement holes to direct cooling air between the floatwall panels and the outer shell of the double wall combustor to impingement cool the liner panels. This cooling air then exits effusion holes through the liner panels to form a cooling air film on a hot side of the liner panels that serves as a barrier to facilitate reduction of thermal damage.
The combustor liner panels may be subject to distress that varies both axially and circumferentially due to the complex turbulent currents of combustion products and dilution air.

Controlled variation of pressure drop through effusion cooling in a double walled combustor of a gas turbine engine


A linear optical scanner wherein the linear optical scanner is disposed between a lens and the image plane of the lens allowing the image from the lens to be optically shifted along one dimension, and permits the image from the lens to be shifted linearly without scan error.

Prior art methods of scanning two-dimensional scenes with a linear array camera are mostly dependent on either physically moving or translating the object to be scanned, physically moving or translating the entire camera and lens assembly; or optically redirecting the field of view of the camera and lens. by use of a single rotating scanning mirror; or an assembly of multiple mirrors in a rotating or translating configuration.
In the first two cases, translation of either the object or the camera and lens requires moving relatively large masses over relatively long distances. Mechanical realization of these systems results in expensive and slow mechanisms. For the third case, mirror rotation introduces at least two forms of scan error. One form of scan error is non-linearity due to converting rotational motion into linear motion. The second form of scan error is defocusing due to a change in optical path length either between the object and lens or the lens and the image plane.
In general, for any prior art scanning mirror or prism system, one of the two scan errors described occurs and must usually be corrected in some manner such as with the use of additional moving correcting mirrors or with limited utility f-theta lenses.
Several techniques are currently available for optically scanning an object or scene. However, all known methods suffer either from scan errors, or require movement of relatively large masses.
An object of the present invention is to produce a linear array camera having a linear optical scanning device that allows theoretically perfect linear translation of an image without defocus or other scan errors.
Another object of the present invention is to produce a linear array camera having a linear optical scanning device that may be constructed having a smaller size than equivalent performance devices of prior art, and allows theoretically perfect linear scanning of a large object field.
Another object of the present invention is to produce a linear array camera having a linear optical scanning device whereby adaptation for use with a large variety of lens types and focal lengths is simplified.
Still another object of the present invention is to produce a linear array camera having a linear optical scanning device whereby insertion of the linear optical scanning device into the image space between a lens and a camera or detector, when used with lenses with long back focal lengths, is simplified.