A contactless rotary shaft position sensor provides for precision computation of shaft angle for a wide range of input shaft rotational angles. The sensor includes two annular two-pole magnets which are connected by a precision, motion-transmitting gear train. An optional second gear train between one of the magnets and the input shaft can provide additional angular rotation scaling to accurately measure either fractional or a large number of multiple turns of the input shaft. The gear ratios are selected such that one of the magnets does not rotate more than one revolution. Pairs of ratiometric Hall-effect or magnetoresistive sensors provide differential voltage signals which are used for sensing angular position of each magnet over a full 360 degrees of rotation. The single-turn magnet provides an absolute, coarse indication of input shaft rotation with a typical accuracy of 2%. The gear ratio between the magnets produces several turns of the second magnet for each turn of the single-turn magnet. Since the gear ratio between the magnets is fixed, the angle sensed for the multi-turn magnet can be predicted from the position of the single-turn magnet. This is compared to the multi-turn magnet's actual sensed rotation. The result is an improvement in accuracy directly proportional to the gear ratio between the magnets. Computation of the individual magnet rotation angles and the input shaft angle is performed using a microprocessor and appropriate signal conditioning circuits. Utilizing two magnets, input shaft rotation can be accurately measured to within 0.1% of maximum range.

This invention relates to rotary shaft angular position sensors and, more specifically, to contactless angular sensors adapted to produce precise, linear output signals proportional to shaft position for a wide range of rotational input angles, and associated methods. 2. Description of Prior Art
Shaft angular position sensing such as in rotary motion control and other applications, has been traditionally accomplished using potentiometers, synchros, or resolvers which include low reliability electrical contact arrangements such as electrical brushes and wipers. Newer technologies for angular position sensing includes optical encoders which are unreliable in low temperature, moist environments. The need for high reliable shaft angle sensing for aircraft control surfaces and closed loop actuators has led to the application of rotary variable differential transformers and brushless resolvers. Unfortunately, these sensors are substantially more expensive, they require AC excitation and demodulation electronics to obtain useable output signals, resulting in additional complexity and cost, and they do not provide for inherent digital signals that are desired for most modern automation systems.
Hall-effect and magnetoresistive (MR) sensors are relatively low cost sensors capable of generating an electrical output signal when exposed to a rotating magnetic field. Hall-effect sensors utilize a current-carrying semi-conductor membrane to generate a low voltage perpendicular to the direction of current flow when subjected to a magnetic field normal to the surface of the membrane. Magnetoresistive sensors utilize an element whose resistance changes in the presence of a changing external magnetic field. Hall-effect and magnetoresistive sensors have been historically limited to use for sensing motion over a limited angular range where a high degree of accuracy is not required. However, recent efforts to achieve a lower-cost, yet reliable and accurate device for sensing angular position of a rotary shaft have included attempts to utilize relatively low cost sensors such as Hall-effect devices or magnetoresistive sensors.
One group of prior devices to utilize these magnetic field sensors provides an output which is digital in nature, generating pulses as a function of shaft rotation or discrete signals for incremental shaft angles. Nichols, U.S. Pat. No. 4,373,486, Schroeder, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,731,702 and 5,754,042, and Seefeldt, U.S. Pat. No. 5,744,950, use permanent magnet biased Hall-effect devices and magnetoresistive sensors, respectively, to sense the passage of notches on a shaft-driven wheel for engine ignition control. Kajimoto, U.S. Pat. No. 5,574,364, utilizes magnets imbedded into or polarized into the surface of the rotating wheel to provide a changing magnetic field direction as the surface of the wheel passes the sensors. The accuracy of such digital output signals is limited by the number of pulses per revolution of the wheel or shaft.
Another group of prior devices utilize these magnetic field sensors to provide analog output signals as a magnet attached to a shaft is rotated. van den Berg, U.S. Pat. No. 5,650,721, shows a two-pole rectangular bar magnet rotating over a giant MR layer. The rotation of the transverse field between the poles creates a unique, sine-wave-shaped analog output over 180 degrees of rotation. Linear output range is less than 60 degrees. Lochmann, U.S. Pat. No. 6,064,197, adds a Hall-effect device to sense axial field direction to provide a unique, but nonlinear, signal over 360 degrees. Andraet, U.S. Pat. No. 5,796,249, proposes the integration of at least three MR Wheatstone bridges under a bar magnet's transverse field to provide a set of nonlinear outputs that can be used to calculate a unique shaft angle. Haberli, International Publication WO98/54547, proposes a similar scheme utilizing two pairs of Hall-effect sensors located on diagonals under a square magnet to generate approximate sine and cosine signals as the shaft and magnet are rotated. Muth, U.S. Pat. No. 5,602,471, proposes use of multiple MR bridges to generate a variety of phase-spaced sinusoidal signals. The signals are forced to saturate within their linear range and then added to provide a summed output which is overall a linear function of shaft rotations, but can exhibit a variety of gain variations and discontinuities. None of these analog sensors are capable of precisely measuring shaft angle over a wide range of angles, or lend themselves to being compactly packaged around an axially continuing shaft, a feature desirable for integrating the sensor into a gearbox or actuator.
Other prior analog shaft angle sensors using magnetic flux sensors have attempted to increase the accuracy and linear range by shaping the magnets or pole pieces. Wu, U.S. Pat. No. 5,159,268, has generated a bell or oblong shaped two-pole magnet to get a linear range approaching 180 degrees. Rountos, U.S. Pat. No. 5,850,142, uses a pair of convex magnets and a spherical pole piece to generate a linear range of up to plus and minus 30 degrees for joysticks. Dawley, U.S. Pat. No. 4,719,419, uses a monopolar annular magnet, either mounted eccentric to the shaft or nonuniformly magnetized, to create a useable linear output of +45 degrees. Nakamura, U.S. Pat. No. 4,425,557, and Tomczak, U.S. Pat. No. 4,570,118 incline the sensor magnets relative to the axis of rotation in an attempt to improve output linearity. Luetzow, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,444,369 and 6,137,288 and Herden, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,861,745 and 6,130,535 use a combination of shaped magnets, pole pieces, and axis offsets to get a linear output range approaching 180 degrees.
Overall, the prior contactless shaft sensing devices provide a limited number of discrete pulses or have a small linear output range. They are often manufactured utilizing non-standard magnetic shapes and cannot be easily packaged around a rotating shaft. They do not provide the accuracy of resolvers or RVDT's.
Thus, it is apparent there is a need for a new rotary shaft sensor that is economical to manufacture, can be compactly packaged, can measure the shaft angle of rotation to a high degree of accuracy, and is readily adaptable to a wide range of input angles.

Contactless angular position sensor and method for sensing angular position of a rotatable shaft


Disclosed embodiments provide a temporary privacy mode for an electronic device. The user selects one or more regions of allowable content and/or unallowable content. The user then invokes a temporary privacy mode of the device. While the device is in the temporary privacy mode, only the allowable content is viewable on the display of the electronic device. The unallowable content is obfuscated or hidden from view. The third party therefore cannot see the content deemed private by the user. When the third party has completed review of the content, the user can exit the temporary privacy mode to return to normal operation.

Electronic devices, such as smartphones, tablet computers, desktop computers, watches, and other such items, have integrated or attached display screens. Various items of content may be displayed on the screen, such as web browser pages, receipts, notifications of incoming text messages, notifications of voicemails, etc. Some portions of the content may be personal, private, or confidential in nature while other portions of the content may not. There exists a need for improvements in display device security.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Device display security with user-specified filtering of display contents

International Business Machines Corporation


A data signal receiver includes a clock signal filter, a falling pulse signal generator, a mixing block, and a sampler. The clock signal filter generates a first filtered clock signal and a second filtered clock signal by filtering a clock signal. The falling pulse signal generator generates a falling pulse signal based on the first filtered clock signal. The mixing block generates a mixed data signal by mixing a data signal and the falling pulse signal. The sampler generates a recovered data signal by sampling the mixed data signal in response to the second filtered clock signal.

1. Technical Field
Example embodiments relate generally to data signal receiver, and more particularly to data signal receiver enhancing a jitter correlation between data signal and clock signal, transceiver system including the same, and a method of receiving data signal with enhanced jitter correlation between data signal and clock signal.
2. Discussion of the Related Art
Recently, developing low-power & low-performance processors and linking the low-power & low-performance processors with high speed is evaluated as a better strategy on the processor market than developing one high-power & high-performance processor. It is necessary to develop a high-speed transceiver system among processors, between processor and memory, and between processor and peripheral component.
The transceiver system may have an embedded-clock architecture or a forwarded-clock architecture. The forwarded-clock architecture may be called as source synchronous parallel link (SSPL) architecture.
The embedded-clock architecture doesn't require a channel for a clock signal because it transfer only data signal through channels to other chips. But, the embedded-clock architecture requires a clock & data recovery (CDR) circuit to recover the clock signal from the data signal. Because of power consumption and execution time of the CDR circuit, the embedded-clock architecture is not appropriate to high-speed & low-power transceiver system.
The SSPL architecture transfers data signal and clock signal after synchronizing with a clock synthesizer. Because SSPL architecture does not require CDR circuit and a jitter of the data signal and a jitter of the clock signal has high correlation each other, the SSPL architecture is appropriate to high-speed & low-power transceiver system.
Problems blocking development of the SSPL architecture are amplification of clock signal jitter on the channel, generation of uncorrelated jitter on a clock distribution network (CDN), and a latency mismatch between the data signal and the clock signal. To solve the problems, a latency removing method and a clock signal jitter filtering method are proposed.
The latency removing method adds latency to the data signal as much as latency of the clock signal artificially. The latency removing method has advantage that latency difference between the data signal and the clock signal may be reduced, and the jitter correlation between the data signal and the clock signal may be increased. The latency removing method has disadvantage that power noise induced jitter in proportion to length of delay signal line occurs, and power consumption may be increased.
The clock signal jitter filtering method filters high frequency jitter component, which reduces correlation between the data signal and the clock signal, from the clock signal. Because the clock signal jitter filtering method uses oscillators having a filtering function, it is easy for implementation and consumes less power. The clock signal jitter filtering method has disadvantage that not all of the high frequency jitter components may be removed and the high frequency jitter component may be replaced with a phase noise.

Data signal receiver, transceiver system and method of receiving data signal

Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology


Disclosed herein are methods of producing alcohol esters during a fermentation by providing alcohol-producing microorganisms which further comprise an engineered polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide having lipase activity.

Alcohols have a variety of applications in industry and science. For example, alcohols can be used as a beverage (i.e, ethanol), fuel, reagents, solvents, and antiseptics. For example, butanol is an alcohol that is an important industrial chemical with a variety of applications, including use as a fuel additive, as a feedstock chemical in the plastics industry, and as a food-grade extractant in the food and flavor industry. Accordingly, there is a high demand for alcohols, such as butanol, as well as for efficient production methods which do not rely on non-renewable resources.
Production of alcohol utilizing fermentation by microorganisms is one such production method which utilizes substrates from renewable feedstocks. In the production of butanol in particular, some microorganisms that produce butanol in high yields also have low butanol toxicity thresholds, such that butanol needs to be removed from the fermentation vessel as it is being produced. Thus, there is a continuing need to develop efficient methods and systems for producing butanol in high yields despite low butanol toxicity thresholds of the butanol-producing microorganisms in the fermentation medium. In situ product removal (ISPR) (also referred to as extractive fermentation) can be used to remove butanol (or other fermentative alcohol) from the fermentation vessel as it is produced, thereby allowing the microorganism to produce butanol at high yields. One method for ISPR for removing fermentative alcohol that has been described in the art is liquid-liquid extraction (U.S. Patent Appl. Pub. No. 20090305370). In general, with regard to butanol fermentation, for example, the fermentation medium, which includes the microorganism, is contacted with an organic extractant. The organic extractant and the fermentation medium form a biphasic mixture. The butanol partitions into the organic extractant phase, decreasing the concentration in the aqueous phase containing the microorganism, thereby limiting the exposure of the microorganism to the inhibitory butanol. Liquid-liquid extraction results from contact between the extractant and the fermentation broth for transfer of the product alcohol into the extractant; separation of the extractant phase from the aqueous phase; and, preferably, recycle of the extractant with minimal degradation of the partition coefficient of the extractant over a long-term operation.
The extractant can become contaminated over time with each recycle by, for example, the build-up of lipids present in the biomass that is fed to the fermentation vessel as feedstock of hydrolysable starch. As an example, a liquified corn mash loaded to a fermentation vessel can result in a fermentation broth that contains corn oil during conversion of glucose to butanol by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (with saccharification of the liquified mash occurring during fermentation by the addition of glucoamylase to produce glucose). The dissolution of the corn oil lipids into an extractant during ISPR can result in build-up of lipid concentration with each extractant recycle, decreasing the partition coefficient for the product alcohol in extractant as the lipid concentration in extractant increases with each recycle.
Converting the lipids present in a liquefied mash into an extractant that can be used in ISPR is a method of decreasing the amount of lipids that are fed to the fermentation vessel, as is esterifying the product alcohol as it is produced during the fermentation with a fatty acid by adding lipase as an esterification catalyst to the fermentation. Such methods are described for example in US Appl. Pub. Nos. 20110312044 and 20110312043, and PCT Appl. Pub. No. WO2011/159998
There is a continuing need for alternative extractive fermentation methods which can also reduce costs associated with adding lipase to the fermentation.

In situ expression of lipase for enzymatic production of alcohol esters during fermentation


Seismic signal generating apparatus of the impact type that includes a signal generator having an impact mass therein, a base plate or coupling member that is engaged by the impact mass to generate the signal, a housing attached to the generator that encircles the impact mass and extends toward the base plate, and means for excluding water from within the housing so that the impact mass travels only through gas prior to engaging the anvil. The apparatus also includes control means for positioning the generator angularly and azimuthally.

Impact type seismic generators have been manufactured for a number of years and successfully used for imparting seismic signals into the earth. Most such apparatus have been designed for use in an air environment. Examples of such apparatus are shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,660,674, issued Apr. 28, 1987 to Tom P. Airhart; U.S. Pat. No. 4,402,381, issued Sept. 6, 1983 to Tom P. Airhart; U.S. Pat. No. 4,721,181, issued Jan. 26, 1988 to Tom P. Airhart et al.; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,702,344, issued Oct. 27, 1987 to Tom P. Airhart. In each of the foregoing, the impact mass travels through whatever environment the seismic generating apparatus is located.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,284,164, issued Aug. 18, 1981 to Tom P. Airhart and U.S. Pat. No. 4,284,165, issued Aug. 18, 1981 to Tom P. Airhart et al. each disclosed impact type seismic generating apparatus wherein a housing extends around the impact mass which is located in the generating apparatus, to a base plate or coupling that is utilized to transfer the impact force into the soil. In such apparatus, perforations are provided that extend through the housing and thus, if the generator were used in an underwater environment, the housing would fill with water. The water would impede the movement of the impact mass toward its engagement with the base plate. It will be further noted, that such apparatus cannot be positioned at an angle. Thus, and even if the perforations were eliminated, the apparatus would be capable of generating only compressional seismic waves.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,799,572, issued Jan. 24, 1989 to Tom P. Airhart describes an amphibious seismic source wherein the generator, lifting mechanism and all associated parts are contained within a flexible housing that is connected to the periphery of the base plate. The housing prevents water from impeding the impact mass during the generation of seismic signals.
An object of this invention is to provide apparatus for imparting seismic signals into the earth of the impact type that includes a housing encompassing a portion of the seismic generator and extending toward the coupling. Gas pressure within the housing evicts waters therefrom and prevents the entrance of water into the apparatus when used in an underwater environment. The housing aids in confining noise produced by the apparatus when used in an atmospheric environment.

Apparatus for imparting seismic signals into the earth


The present disclosure relates generally to a flow detection system. The system may include a flow detection hub fluidly connected to a fluid supply pipe including a flow sensor that detects a flow rate of fluid flowing through the fluid supply pipe and a processing element in communication with the flow sensor and a user device. The processing element performs the following operations: determining a first delta based on a first flow rate data from the flow sensor; determining a second delta based on a second flow rate data from the flow sensor; correlating the first delta and the second delta to a first event; and transmitting a message to a user device corresponding to the first event.

Water damage—due to damaged water pipes, leaks, or the like—is one of the most common insurance claims and typically results in thousands of dollars in damage to a property. Often, property owners may be unware that pipe has burst or a leak has occurred until many gallons of water already have leaked into the property and caused both structural and property damage, as well as an expensive water bill.
Additionally, many property owners are unaware of how much water they use on a daily or monthly basis, such as the water usage of particular water devices (e.g., toilets, sinks, shower heads, etc.).
The present disclosure provides a system for detecting flow characteristics for early detection of leaks and other non-desired flow events, as well as providing data to users regarding flow characteristics and usage patterns.

Flow characteristic detection and automatic flow shutoff


A raptor perch apparatus for use at the top of a power pole for raptors to perch and nest without contacting the power lines supported by the power pole. In a preferred embodiment, the apparatus comprises a hub bracket having a center member received over the top of the power pole and a plurality of socket-like lateral brackets extending outwardly from the center member to support a plurality of lateral support members extending outwardly from the pole, preferably at a slight upward angle. The proximal end of the lateral support members is received in the lateral brackets. A guy wire or the like is received through a ring member on an end cap at the distal end of each lateral support member to circumvent the distal ends thereof. If needed, a pole top extension can be used to raise the apparatus above the top of the power pole.

A. Field of the Invention
The field of the present invention relates generally to apparatuses and systems for supporting and protecting birds that rest or nest on power poles or the like. In particular, the present invention relates to such apparatuses and systems that are beneficially configured as perches for birds of prey that rest and form nests on electrical power poles having one or more electrical power lines. Even more particularly, this invention relates to such apparatuses and systems that allow the birds of prey to perch and form nests safely above the power lines to avoid injury to the birds and damage to the power lines or electrical system.
B. Background
Power lines cross the United States and many countries delivering electrical power to many millions of people. These power lines are typically supported above the ground by power poles that have a lower end inserted into the ground and an upper end having one or more cross-members which extend outwardly from the power pole to support power lines that run generally parallel on both sides of the power pole. Very often these power poles become places for birds to perch. Large birds of prey, which are also know as raptors, commonly utilize the upper portion of power poles to perch while they search for food and as a location to form their nests. Unfortunately, while entering or exiting the perch area the raptor's wings can touch the power lines and result in electrocution of the raptor and interference of the delivery of electricity along the power lines. As well known in the electrical industry, this is a particular problem for the larger sized raptors, such as eagles and hawks, that can have very wide wingspans. Many of these raptors, some of which are endangered species, are protected by federal and state laws that require electrical utility companies and others to take affirmative action to protect the birds and impose civil and/or criminal penalties on persons who injure or kill one of the protected birds. Some species of raptors are also protected under one more international treaties.
In addition to harm to the raptors that arises from contacting the power lines, contact by raptors and the nests formed by the raptors, particularly the larger raptors, can interfere with the steady delivery of electricity by the utility company. As a result of the need to protect the birds and to ensure reliable electricity supply, electrical power crews commonly climb or otherwise get to the top of a power pole and remove raptor nests in an effort to protect the raptors from harm and to improve delivery of electricity along the power lines. The work of removing nests can be hazardous to the raptors, if not done properly, and can cause injury to the crews who do the work. In addition, the labor and material costs to remove raptor nests on a regular basis and to repair damage to electrical supply systems caused by raptors can be somewhat substantial for a utility company or others, including government agencies, whose responsibility is to protect the raptors and provide electricity.
A number of prior art systems are available for protecting birds or other animals from contacting power lines so as to protect the animal from injury and prevent disruption of electricity supply. For instance, U.S. Pat. No. 5,299,528 to Blankenship describes a raptor protection unit for use on a power pole comprising a clamp system that attaches to a power pole cross-member and supports a perch above the cross-member and power lines. The clamp system has a L-shaped side-lock that exerts pressure against a stationary C-shaped brace that braces against the top, a side and the bottom of the cross-member. A perch and/or a perch guard, which prevents the raptor from perching on the cross-member, are attached to the side-lock clamps. The perch shown and described is not suitable for nesting. The Blankenship patent also describes a raptor guard by Pacer Industries that attaches to the power pole cross-member with a pair of opposing clamp members to support a perch guard devoid of horizontal outside edges, to prevent perching thereon, above the cross-member to discourage birds from landing on the cross-member. U.S. Pat. No. 7,196,265 to Spencer describes a raptor guard system comprising a saddle that fits over a power pole cross-member to support an X-shaped deterrent extension in an upwardly protruding relation to the cross-member to deter raptors, both physically and visually, from perching or nesting on the cross-member. U.S. Pat. No. 6,257,537 to Williams and U.S. Pat. No. 6,402,107 to Chervick, et al., both of which were assigned at issue to Falcon Enterprises, LLC of Evanston, Wyo., describe a mounting bracket and raptor perch guard that comprises a clamp which attaches to a cross-member or other structural member of a power pole and a perch guard that attaches to the top of the clamp. The clamps utilize self closing brackets that have a lower member which rotatably attaches to an upper member to engage the cross-member therein. The perch guard is a generally triangular-shaped structure that is configured to prevent a bird from landing on the cross-member or extending its wingspan in a manner that contacts adjacent electrical insulators or the like. U.S. Pat. No. 4,359,844 to Hoggard, et al. describes a bird protection apparatus having a clamp that clamps to the cross member to support a perch guard that is similarly configured to the Falcon Enterprises patents described above. U.S. Pat. No. 6,640,506 to Landers describes a bird deterrent apparatus that comprises a tubular-shaped base which attaches to the top of a pole, a post which extends upward from the base and a plurality of moveable, spaced apart fingers that extend downwardly from the top of the post to prevent birds from roosting on the pole.
While the foregoing prior art raptor perch systems and perch guards have had some success in reducing injuries to and the killing of raptors and other birds, they are generally not useful for the raptor to safely nest on the power pole. As known to those skilled in the art, in many areas power poles (despite their present danger) is the safest place for raptors to perch and nest due to the height above the ground and the ability to survey the nearby area for mice and other food. Each of the prior art raptor perch systems or perch guards, except that described in the Landers patent, attach to the cross-member of the power pole, which often does not safely allow a larger sized raptor to perch on the power pole. The prior art patents that merely deter birds from landing and roosting, including the Landers patent, do not address the need for a safe location for the raptors to perch and/or nest. What is needed, therefore, is an improved raptor perch system that allows raptors to safely perch and nest on electrical power poles. The preferred raptor perch system should be configured to position the perch and/or nesting area safely above the power lines and other electrically charged components on the power pole. Preferably, such as systems is easily adapted to existing power poles, is relatively inexpensive to manufacture and relatively easy to install.


A charge monitoring system may include a platen having a surface configured to accept a wafer thereon, and a charge monitor disposed relative to the platen so that an ion beam simultaneously strikes a portion of the charge monitor and a portion of the wafer. The charge monitor is configured to provide a charge monitor signal representative of a charge on a surface of the wafer when the ion beam simultaneously strikes the portion of the charge monitor and the portion of the wafer. The charge monitor signal may depend, at least in part, on a beam potential of the ion beam.

Ion implantation is a standard technique for introducing conductivity-altering impurities into semiconductor wafers. A desired impurity material may be ionized in an ion source, the ions may be accelerated to form an ion beam of prescribed energy, and the ion beam may be directed at a surface of the wafer. The energetic ions in the beam penetrate into the bulk of the semiconductor material and are embedded into the crystalline lattice of the semiconductor material to form a region of desired conductivity. The ion beam may be distributed over the wafer area by beam scanning, by wafer movement or by a combination of beam scanning and wafer movement. The energetic ions in the ion beam are charged particles. Hence, in some instances the front surface of the wafer may accumulate an excessive charge that may lead to damage of the devices on the wafer.
One cause of excessive charge accumulation may be insufficient electrical contact of platen grounding pins due to improper installation, damage, wear, contamination, or an oxide or other insulting layer on the rear surface of the wafer. The platen grounding pins should normally contact the rear surface of the wafer when the wafer is properly supported by the platen in order to provide a path to ground for charge neutralization. Another cause of excessive charge accumulation may be the non-use or insufficient use of an electron supply source when a positive charge accumulates on the wafer. The electron supply source, e.g., a plasma flood gun (PFG), may supply low energy electrons to neutralize an accumulated positive charge on the wafer. In addition, isolated areas on the front surface of the wafer, e.g., an oxide layer, that do not allow charge to dissipate through the wafer substrate may cause charge accumulation.
Hence, wafer charge monitoring techniques for monitoring charge accumulation have been developed. One conventional approach utilizes a measuring electrode disposed in a substrate-holding unit that is not directly exposed to the ion beam. Yet another conventional approach utilizes a charge-receiving conductor disposed on a front surface of a rotating wafer disk that supports a plurality of wafers. The charge-receiving conductor is coupled to another conductor disposed on the rear surface of the rotating wafer disk. The conductor on the rear surface of the rotating wafer disk is then capacitively coupled to yet another conductor fixed to a disk chamber. A drawback of this approach is that it requires a plurality of conductors and capacitive coupling of at least two of the conductors. In addition, this technique requires a spinning wafer disk for batch implantation, which is not suitable for single wafer ion implantation.
Accordingly, there is a need for new and improved methods and apparatus for monitoring charge accumulation on a wafer during ion implantation.

Varian Semiconductor Equipment Associates, Inc.


The present invention relates to a novel HLF protein which is a member of the heregulin family. In particular, isolated nucleic acid molecules are provided encoding the human HLF protein. HLF polypeptides are also provided as are vectors, host cells and recombinant methods for producing the same. The invention further relates to screening methods for identifying agonists and antagonists of HLF activity. Also provided are diagnostic methods for detecting disorders of the regulation of cell growth and therapeutic methods for treating disorders of the regulation of cell growth.

The present invention relates to a novel human gene encoding a polypeptide which is a novel member of the heregulin family. More specifically, isolated nucleic acid molecules are provided encoding a human polypeptide named heregulin-like factor, hereinafter referred to as xe2x80x9cHLFxe2x80x9d. HLF polypeptides are also provided, as are vectors, host cells and recombinant methods for producing the same. Also provided are diagnostic methods for detecting disorders related to primary cancers, and therapeutic methods for treating such disorders. The invention further relates to screening methods for identifying agonists and antagonists of HLF activity.
The proto-oncogene termed erbB2 (or HER2) encodes a 185 kDa transmembrane tyrosine kinase molecule designated p185erbB2. The overexpression of this receptor molecule correlates strongly with a poor prognosis in a number of human cancers including, among others, breast, ovarian, endometrium, fallopian tube, cervix, and colon (Nowak, F., et al., Exp. Cell Res. 231:251-259, 1997; Cirisano, F. D. and Karlan, B. Y., J. Soc. Gynecol. Investig. 3(3):99-105; 1996). Variously spliced transcripts of the heregulin (HRG) gene have been found to indirectly stimulate p185erbB2 through transphosphorylation or receptor heterodimerization with erbB3 and p180erbB4. A 45 kDa protein, designated HRG alpha specifically induces tyrosine phosphorylation of p185erbB2 and has been purified from the conditioned medium of a human breast tumor cell line (Holmes, W. E., et al., Science 256:1205-1210; 1992). A second, related HRG molecule of 52 kDa, which may be the product of a novel gene, rather than a novel HRG gene splice product, has been identified which exhibits similar characteristics including induction of transient membrane ruffling, lamellipodia formation, cell motility and proliferation of human breast cancer cells (Kung, W., et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 202(3):1357-1365; 1994). In addition, more recent studies have reported that heregulins can induce tyrosine phosphorylation not only of p185erbB2, but of several additional EGFR-related family members including erbB3 and p180erbB4 (Tzahar, E., et al., J. Biol. Chem. 269:25226-25223; 1994; Plowman, G. D., et al., Nature 366:473-475; 1993).
Lewis and colleagues (Cancer Res. 56:1457-1465; 1996) recently performed an extensive analysis of the effects of the heregulin family of proteins on a panel of breast and ovarian tumor cell lines. The biological responses to HRG were also compared to EGF and to the growth-inhibitory anti-ErbB2 antibody 4D5. In nearly all cases, HRG stimulation of DNA synthesis correlated with positive effects on cell cycle progression and cell number and with enhancement of colony formation in soft agar. In addition to the effects of the heregulin family of proteins on breast and ovarian cells, similar effects have also been recently observed on human Schwann cells (Levi, A. D., et al., J. Neurosci. 15(2):1329-1340; 1995; Morrissey, T. K., et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92(5):1431-1435; 1995) suggesting that the heregulin family of proteins play a key role in the genesis of a number of cancers.
The heregulin family of proteins consists at least of a number of splice variants of heregulin, the Neu differentiating factor, the glial growth factors-I, -II, and -III, and a protein that stimulates muscle acetylcholine receptor synthsis (ARIA). In addition to the obvious role such polypeptides may play in oncogenic events, these proteins have also been exploited as Pseudomonas exotoxin A fusion proteins to inhibit the growth of several mammary carcinoma cell lines as well as to cause growth retardation of transplanted human breast tumor cells in mice (Jeschke, M., et al., Int. J. Cancer 60(5):730-739; 1995).
Thus, there is a need for polypeptides that function as regulators of oncogenic events and existing tumors. Therefore, there is a need for identification and characterization of such human polypeptides which can play a role in detecting, preventing, ameliorating or correcting such disorders.
The present invention provides isolated nucleic acid molecules comprising a polynucleotide encoding at least a portion of the HLF polypeptide having the complete amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:2 or the complete amino acid sequence encoded by the cDNA clone was deposited as DNA plasmid with the American Type Culture Collection (xe2x80x9cATCCxe2x80x9d) on Jun. 19, 1997, and assigned ATCC Deposit Number 209123. The ATCC is located at 10801 University Boulevard, Manassas, Va. 20110-2209. The nucleotide sequence determined by sequencing the deposited HLF clone, which is shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B (SEQ ID NO:1), contains an open reading frame encoding a complete polypeptide of 157 amino acid residues, beginning in frame with a serine residue at the amino-terminal end of the polypeptide corresponding to nucleotide positions 2-4, and a predicted molecular weight of about 17.7 kDa. Nucleic acid molecules of the invention include those encoding the complete amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:2, or the complete amino acid sequence encoded by the cDNA clone in ATCC Deposit Number 209123, which molecules also can encode additional amino acids fused to the N-terminus of the HLF amino acid sequence.
The HLF protein of the present invention shares sequence homology with the translation product of the human mRNA for heregulin (FIG. 2; SEQ ID NO:3), including the following conserved domains: (a) the predicted extracellular domain of about 101 amino acids; (b) the predicted transmembrane domain of about 19 amino acids, and (c) the predicted intracellular domain of about 35 amino acids. Heregulin is thought to be important in oncogenesis. The homology between heregulin and HLF indicates that HLF may also be involved in oncogenesis.
Thus, one aspect of the invention provides an isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of: (a) a nucleotide sequence encoding the HLF polypeptide having the complete amino acid sequence in SEQ ID NO:2 (i.e., positions 1 to 157 of SEQ ID NO:2) or the complete amino acid sequence encoded by the cDNA clone contained in ATCC Deposit No. 209123; (b) a nucleotide sequence encoding the predicted extracellular domain of the HLF polypeptide having the amino acid sequence in SEQ ID NO:2 (i.e., positions 1 to 101 of SEQ ID NO:2) or as encoded by the cDNA clone contained in ATCC Deposit No. 209123; (c) a nucleotide sequence encoding the predicted transmembrane domain of the HLF polypeptide having the amino acid sequence in SEQ ID NO:2 (i.e., positions 102 to 121 of SEQ ID NO:2) or as encoded by the cDNA clone contained in ATCC Deposit No. 209123; (d) a nucleotide sequence encoding the predicted intracellular domain of the HLF polypeptide having the amino acid sequence in SEQ ID NO:2 (i.e., positions 122 to 157 of SEQ ID NO:2) or as encoded by the cDNA clone contained in ATCC Deposit No. 209123; (e) a nucleotide sequence encoding a soluble HLF polypeptide having the extracellular and intracellular domains but lacking the transmembrane domain; and (f) a nucleotide sequence complementary to any of the nucleotide sequences in (a) through (e) above.
Further embodiments of the invention include isolated nucleic acid molecules that comprise a polynucleotide having a nucleotide sequence at least 90% identical, and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% identical to (or as stated in another way, a nucleotide sequence at most 10% different, and more preferably 5%, 4%, 3%, 2% or 1% different from), any of the nucleotide sequences in (a) through (f) above, or a polynucleotide which hybridizes under stringent hybridization conditions to a polynucleotide in (a) through (f) above. This polynucleotide which hybridizes does not hybridize under stringent hybridization conditions to a polynucleotide having a nucleotide sequence consisting of only A residues or of only T residues. An additional nucleic acid embodiment of the invention relates to an isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising a polynucleotide which encodes the amino acid sequence of an epitope-bearing portion of a HLF polypeptide having an amino acid sequence in (a) through (e) above.
The present invention also relates to recombinant vectors, which include the isolated nucleic acid molecules of the present invention, and to host cells containing the recombinant vectors, as well as to methods of making such vectors and host cells and for using them for production of HLF polypeptides or peptides by recombinant techniques.
The invention further provides an isolated HLF polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of: (a) the amino acid sequence of the HLF polypeptide having the complete amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:2 (i.e., positions 1 to 157 of SEQ ID NO:2) or the complete amino acid sequence encoded by the cDNA clone contained in the ATCC Deposit No. 209123; (b) the amino acid sequence of the predicted extracellular domain of the HLF polypeptide having the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:2 (i.e., positions 1 to 101 of SEQ ID NO:2) or as encoded by the cDNA clone contained in the ATCC Deposit No. 209123; (c) the amino acid sequence of the predicted transmembrane domain of the HLF polypeptide having the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:2 (i.e., positions 102 to 121 of SEQ ID NO:2) or as encoded by the cDNA clone contained in the ATCC Deposit No. 209123; (d) the amino acid sequence of the predicted intracellular domain of the HLF polypeptide having the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:2 (i.e., positions 122 to 157 of SEQ ID NO:2) or as encoded by the cDNA clone contained in the ATCC Deposit No. 209123; and (e) the amino acid sequence of a soluble HLF polypeptide having the extracellular and intracellular domains but lacking the transmembrane domain. The polypeptides of the present invention also include polypeptides having an amino acid sequence at least 80% identical (or at most 20% different), more preferably at least 90% identical (or at most 10% different), and still more preferably 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% identical to (or 5%, 4%, 3%, 2% or 1% different from) those described in (a), (b), (c), (d), or (e) above, as well as polypeptides having an amino acid sequence with at least 90% similarity, and more preferably at least 95% similarity, to those above.
An additional embodiment of this aspect of the invention relates to a peptide or polypeptide which comprises the amino acid sequence of an epitope-bearing portion of a HLF polypeptide having an amino acid sequence described in (a), (b), (c), (d), or (e) above. Peptides or polypeptides having the amino acid sequence of an epitope-bearing portion of a HLF polypeptide of the invention include portions of such polypeptides with at least six or seven, preferably at least nine, and more preferably at least about 30 amino acids to about 50 amino acids, although epitope-bearing polypeptides of any length up to and including the entire amino acid sequence of a polypeptide of the invention described above also are included in the invention.
In another embodiment, the invention provides an isolated antibody that binds specifically to a HLF polypeptide having an amino acid sequence described in (a), (b), (c), (d), or (e) above. The invention further provides methods for isolating antibodies that bind specifically to a HLF polypeptide having an amino acid sequence as described herein. Such antibodies are useful diagnostically or therapeutically as described below.
The invention also provides for pharmaceutical compositions comprising HLF polypeptides, particularly human HLF polypeptides, which may be employed, for instance, to treat many types of cancer. Methods of treating individuals in need of HLF polypeptides are also provided.
The invention further provides compositions comprising a HLF polynucleotide or an HLF polypeptide for administration to cells in vitro, to cells ex vivo and to cells in vivo, or to a multicellular organism. In certain particularly preferred embodiments of this aspect of the invention, the compositions comprise a HLF polynucleotide for expression of a HLF polypeptide in a host organism for treatment of disease. Particularly preferred in this regard is expression in a human patient for treatment of a dysfunction associated with aberrant endogenous activity of a HLF
The present invention also provides a screening method for identifying compounds capable of enhancing or inhibiting a biological activity of the HLF polypeptide, which involves contacting a receptor which is inhibited or enhanced by the HLF polypeptide with the candidate compound in the presence of an HLF polypeptide, assaying changes in tyrosine phosphorylation states of the receptor and/or other molecules downstream in the corresponding signal transduction cascade in the presence of the candidate compound and of HLF polypeptide, and comparing the receptor activation state to a standard level, the standard being assayed when contact is made between the receptor and in the presence of the HLF polypeptide and the absence of the candidate compound In this assay, an increase in receptor activation state over the standard indicates that the candidate compound is an agonist of HLF activity and a decrease in receptor activation state compared to the standard indicates that the compound is an antagonist of HLF activity.
In another aspect, a screening assay for agonists and antagonists is provided which involves determining the effect a candidate compound has on HLF binding to a receptor. In particular, the method involves contacting the receptor with an HLF polypeptide and a candidate compound and determining whether HLF polypeptide binding to the receptor is increased or decreased due to the presence of the candidate compound. In this assay, an increase in binding of HLF over the standard binding indicates that the candidate compound is an agonist of HLF binding activity and a decrease in HLF binding compared to the standard indicates that the compound is an antagonist of HLF binding activity.
It has been discovered that HLF is expressed only in the amygdala, whole brain, and primary breast culture tissue. Therefore, nucleic acids of the invention are useful as hybridization probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample. Similarly, polypeptides and antibodies directed to those polypeptides are useful to provide immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s). In addition, for a number of disorders of the above tissues or cells, particularly of the neural system, significantly higher or lower levels of HLF gene expression may be detected in certain tissues (e.g., cancerous and wounded tissues) or bodily fluids (e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid) taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to a xe2x80x9cstandardxe2x80x9d HLF gene expression level, i.e., the HLF expression level in healthy tissue from an individual not having the neural system disorder. Thus, the invention provides a diagnostic method useful during diagnosis of such a disorder, which involves: (a) assaying HLF gene expression level in cells or body fluid of an individual; (b) comparing the HLF gene expression level with a standard HLF gene expression level, whereby an increase or decrease in the assayed HLF gene expression level compared to the standard expression level is indicative of disorder in the neural system.
An additional aspect of the invention is related to a method for treating an individual in need of an increased level of HLF activity in the body comprising administering to such an individual a composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of an isolated HLF polypeptide of the invention or an agonist thereof.
A still further aspect of the invention is related to a method for treating an individual in need of a decreased level of HLF activity in the body comprising, administering to such an individual a composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of an HLF antagonist. Preferred antagonists for use in the present invention are HLF-specific antibodies.


The present disclosure relates generally to new forms of portable energy generation devices and methods. The devices are designed to covert formic acid into released hydrogen, alleviating the need for a hydrogen tank as a hydrogen source for fuel cell power.

Electrical automobiles are gradually replacing traditional gasoline-based counterparts, because of their clean and renewable nature. However, two current approaches (Li-battery technology and hydrogen fuel cells technology) suffer significant limitations. For example, the recharging time (multiple hours) for Li-batteries can be too long for some users, and the power capacity is not large enough for a long driving range. Additionally, the storage and transportation of hydrogen gas for use of hydrogen fuel cell technology raises serious safety concerns. The pressure of a hydrogen tank in hydrogen fuel cell car can be up to 600 times larger than the atmosphere pressure, and hydrogen gas is extremely flammable.

Electricity generation devices using formic acid

KING ABDULLAH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY


Systems and methods of using RFID tags for verifying and tracking articles are provided. A method of tracking articles for shipment comprises the steps of providing at least one article comprising a plurality of subarticles; applying an article radio frequency identification (RFID) tag to the article, wherein the article RFID tag stores information regarding the article, the subarticles in each article, or combinations thereof; packing the article into at least one package; applying a package RFID tag to the package, wherein the package RFID tag stores information regarding the package, the articles in the package, the subarticles in each article, or combinations thereof; and verifying the package and/or article by scanning the respective RFID tags with at least one RFID verification device configured to read RFID tags.

In recent years, the tracking and verifying of articles has evolved through the use of RFID tags. In retail applications, RFID tags can contain security and/or verification information and are typically attached to an article for purchase. The RFID tags can store information regarding the article, for example the source or authenticity of the article, and can be used in inventory control systems. RFID verification devices, which are generally located inside a store or a warehouse, can read the RFID tag, and determine the location of an article and/or information regarding the article.
Increasing numbers of manufacturers and sellers have begun incorporating RFID tags into articles for various purposes, including, but not limited to inventory control, security, and purchaser information gathering.

Tracking methods and systems using RFID tags


A machine for producing packaging cushioning generally includes a first feed mechanism for successively feeding sheets of a substrate at a first speed, the first feed mechanism including a motor and a power supply therefor, a second feed mechanism for receiving the sheets from the first feed mechanism and feeding the sheets at a second speed, a control unit for controlling at least one of the first and second speeds to produce a desired degree of overlap between successive sheets, and a sensor to measure the amount of electricity drawn by the motor. The control unit modulates the amount of electricity that the motor draws from a power supply when a signal from the sensor has a value that is greater than or equal to a predetermined value.

The present invention relates generally to packaging materials and, more specifically, to a machine and method for producing packaging cushioning from sheets of a selected substrate, such as paper.
Machines for producing packaging cushioning from paper are well-known in the art. Such machines generally operate by pulling a web of paper from a roll, manipulating the paper web in such a way as to convert the paper into packaging cushioning, and then severing the cushioning into cut sections of a desired length.
While such machines are widely used and have been commercially successful, in many applications, there is a need for improved functionality. For example, paper rolls tend to be quite heavy and cumbersome to lift and load onto cushion conversion machines. Although the volume of cushioning that can be produced from a roll of paper tends to off-set the weight disadvantage for high-volume packaging operations, for lower-volume packaging operations, a lighter, easier-to-handle alternative would be preferred.
Moreover, while severing mechanisms in roll-fed machines provide a workable means for producing cushions of a desired length, such mechanisms present ongoing safety concerns, in both the design and operation of such machines.
As a result, Sealed Air Corporation (US), assignee of the present invention, has developed a machine that produces packaging cushions of a desired length without the need for a severing or perforation mechanism, by joining individual sheets of paper together in such a way that packaging cushions having any desired length can be produced. Such machine, which is described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/583,749, also allows the density of the resultant packaging cushions to be varied as desired to suit the weight or nature of the objects being packaged. This is accomplished by overlapping the sheets to a desired extent, in order to achieve a desired density in the resultant packaging cushions.
One area for improvement that has been identified with the '749 machine concerns the tracking and handling of the paper sheets, particularly when making higher-density packaging cushions. In general, the density of the packaging cushions is proportional to the degree of overlap between successive sheets. Thus, the greater the degree of overlap between adjacent sheets, the higher will be the density of the resultant cushion. It has been found, however, that above a certain point of overlap, the increased resistance to forward movement of the paper sheets results in poor tracking, rippling, and then jamming of the sheets, resulting in the necessity of shutting down the machine to clear the jams, which causes paper to be wasted and production time to be lost.
Accordingly, there is a need in the art for an improvement to sheet-fed packaging-cushion machines, which will reduce or prevent paper jams while still allowing higher-density packaging cushions to be produced.

Machine for producing packaging cushioning


A vehicle includes: receiver(s), a timer counting time, memory, and processor(s) configured to: receive a timestamped signal from a fob; compare the timestamp to a time window; reject the timestamp if the timestamp is outside the time window; expand the time window with the counted time; compute the time window as a trigonometric function of the counted time and a predetermined angle.

Some vehicles are paired with a wireless key fob. These vehicles typically perform an action based on commands sent from the wireless key fob. The vehicle identifies the key fob via a unique key fob ID. The vehicle authenticates the key fob via a rolling code. Authentication via a rolling code is susceptible to a roll jammer (also called a "rolljam") attack, which is discussed in detail below.

Expanding time window for remote commands


A paint brush (201) is provided. The brush comprises a bristle cluster (207) and a handle (202) for holding the cluster. The root end of the cluster is set into adhesive composition by a set depth X. The cluster comprises bristles of two or more different lengths. For a majority of the bristles the difference in length between a longest bristle and a shortest bristle is a range value Y. Y is less than X which means that one end of all bristles conforming to this rule must be embedded in adhesive composition but not all bristles will extend all the way to the tip end of the cluster. This ensures that bristles do not fall out of the handle while providing a tip end with reduced weight.

I. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to a brush and particularly to a brush bristle cluster and its association with a brush handle. The present invention has particular, although not exclusive, utility in the field of paint brushes.
II. Description of Related Art
FIGS. 1A to 1C illustrate a known brush construction. The brush 1 shown in FIG. 1C comprises a main body portion 2 and a bristle cluster 7.
Referring first to FIG. 1A the body portion 2 has a handle portion 3 and an enlarged head portion 4 terminating with a flat abutment surface 4a. A metal ferrule 5 surrounds the head portion 4 and extends beyond the surface 4a to form a rebate 6.
Referring now to FIG. 1B the bristle cluster 7 comprises a plurality of bristles and has a tip end 8 terminating at a tip end terminus point 8a defining the maximum extent of the cluster tip, and a root end 9 terminating at a root end terminus point 9a defining the maximum extent of the cluster root.
In this example the cluster 7 comprises bristles 10 of three different lengths: the longest bristles 10a have a length L1; the middle length bristles 10b have a length L2; and the shortest bristles 10c have a length L3. The length L1 is 10 mm greater than the length L2 and the length L2 is 10 mm greater than the length L3. In practice, particularly where natural bristles are used, the number of different lengths of bristles may be far greater than three, but for the purposes of simplicity only three are referred to here.
Referring now also to FIG. 1C the root end 9 of the bristle cluster 7 is received in the rebate 6 and either resin (not shown) is filled into the rebate 6 or the end of the cluster 7 is first dipped into resin and then inserted into the rebate to adhere the bristle ends both together and to the ferrule 5 and the head portion 4. The root end 9 of the bristle cluster 7 is set into the resin bed by a set depth defined by the rebate 6, which in this case is 8 mm.
A setting region within which bristle ends at the root end 9 are embedded in resin therefore extends for 8 mm from the abutment surface 4a to the open end of the rebate 6. Bristles commencing at the point 9a are therefore embedded in resin to a maximum extent.
The longest bristles 10a commence at the point 9a and terminate at the point 8a and therefore are inserted in the setting region 11 to the maximum set depth of 8 mm. Accordingly, only bristles having a length greater than L1 minus 5 mm are guaranteed to be embedded within the resin to at least some extent. This is because shorter bristles can terminate at any point up to the tip end terminus point 8a of the cluster and only extend from there to commence at a point at the root end 9 as determined by their length. For example, a bristle 10b terminating at the tip end terminus point 8a would only commence 2 mm away from the start of the region 11 and would not be embedded. Bristles 10b and 10c have a length less than L1 minus 8 mm are therefore not guaranteed to be embedded within the resin; whether they are or not will depend on their longitudinal position within the cluster (i.e. where they commence and terminate relative to the points 8a, 9a).
As shown in FIG. 1C, some of the bristles 10b, 10c do not commence within the setting region 11 and are therefore not embedded in resin. These bristles may fall out of the cluster in use of the brush.
In order to attempt to prevent bristle loss of the type described in relation to FIGS. 1A to 1C the brush 101 shown in FIG. 2 was developed, The brush 101 is similar to the brush 1 shown in FIG. 1 with the exception of the bristle cluster 107. The cluster 107 comprises bristles 120 which are all approximately the same length and all commence and terminate at or close to the tip end 108a and root end points 109a respectively. In this case the set depth is 10 mm and accordingly when the root end 109 is inserted into the rebate 106 so that the point 109a abuts against the surface 104a all bristles 120 in the cluster 107 are maximally inserted into the setting region 111 and bristle loss during use is minimised.
However, because all bristles terminate at the point 108a it has been found that brushes using the principles of FIG. 2 can feel "tip heavy" in use when compared to brushes of the type shown in FIG. 1C, for example, in which due to the variation in bristle lengths the tip end does not include terminal segments of all bristles.


A cutaway vest generally includes a rear portion having an internal cummerbund, a front portion, and a pull cord. The cutaway vest includes a cutaway attachment in each shoulder and in the back for cutting away the shoulders, the sides, and the cummerbund upon pulling and removing a pull cord from the cutaway vest. The cutaway attachment may include a loop which is inserted through a ring and secured in place by a cable of the pull cord.

The present invention relates generally to garments, and more particularly to cutaway vests.
Vests such as tactical vests and body armor vests are typically attached together at the shoulders and at the sides of a wearer typically using VELCRO fasteners, snap fasteners, buckles or other plastic-type hardware. In order for a wearer to get in and out of the vest, he must release several of the fasteners which is typically performed individually one at a time.
Attempts have been made for allowing a wearer to quickly remove the vest. For example, the inventor""s earlier attempt at a readily releasable vest included front and rear portions which were attachable together at the shoulders and at the sides of the wearer. The rear portion included an internal cummerbund fixedly attached to the rear portion of the vest. The front of the cummerbund adjustably attached together around a wearer with hook-and-loop fasteners.
A handle was provided and attached to four cables for releasably attaching the front portion to the rear portion of the vest. For example, each of the shoulder portions of the rear portion of the vest included a flap. Each of the shoulder portions of the front of the vest included a tab portion on which was positioned a sleeve having a pocket. Attached to the outside of each sleeve was a folded webbing material which extended downwardly from the sleeve. Attached to the outside of the front portion of the vest adjacent to each of the shoulder portions was a ring. The folded webbing material was passed through the opening of the ring and releasably locked in place with one of the cables. The bottom of the flaps and the top of the sleeves were provided with hook-and-loop fasteners for releasably attaching the shoulder portions together.
Each side portion of the front and rear portions of the vest attached together with a strap having male and female buckle clasps disposed therebetween. In particular, one end of the strap was fixedly attached to the rear portion of the vest and included a male buckle clasp. The other end of the strap included a folded webbing material attached to a female buckle clasp. Attached to the inside of the front portion of the vest adjacent to each side was a ring. The folded webbing material was passed through the opening of the ring and releasably locked in place with one of the cables.
Removal of the vest required a wearer to perform a two-step process. In particular, the wearer initially pulled the handle attached to the cables to release the shoulder portions and the side portions of the vest. This permitted the front portion of the vest to fall away from the wearer. Thereafter, since the rear portion was held onto the wearer by the internal cummerbund, the wearer would then need to undo the front of the internal cummerbund to allow the rear portion of the vest to fall away from the wearer.
There is a need for further cutaway garments.
The present invention provides, in a first aspect, a cutaway garment having a front portion having a torso portion, spaced-apart shoulder portions, and opposite side portions, and a rear portion having a torso portion, spaced-apart shoulder portions, opposite side portions, and a cummerbund portion. A plurality of loops releasably attaches the spaced-apart shoulder portions of the front portion to the spaced-apart shoulder portions of the rear portion, the side portions of the rear portion to the rear portion, and an end of the cummerbund to the rear portion. A handle attaches to a plurality of cables, and the cables are operable to pass through the loops to attach the spaced-apart shoulder portions of the front portion to the spaced-apart shoulder portions of the rear portion, the side portions of the rear portion to the rear portion, and the end of the cummerbund to the rear portion. Removal of the plurality of cables from the loops allows cutting away the spaced-apart shoulder portions of the front portion from the spaced-apart portions of the rear portion, the side portions of the rear portion from the rear portion, and the end of the cummerbund from the rear portion.
The present invention provides, in a second aspect, a cutaway garment having a front portion having a torso portion, spaced-apart shoulder portions, and opposite side portions, and a rear portion having a torso portion, spaced-apart shoulder portions, opposite side portions, and a cummerbund portion. Means are provided for cutting away the spaced-apart shoulder portions of the front portion from the spaced-apart shoulder portions of the rear portion, the side portions of the rear portion from the rear portion, and a portion of the cummerbund from the rear portion.


A computer-implemented method includes providing, by one or more processing devices, a service code management interface; receiving, by the one or more processing devices, a specified quantity that is input by a user in the service code management interface; generating, by the one or more processing devices, the specified quantity of service codes, wherein the specified quantity of service codes comprise the same user identification information; and displaying, by the one or more processing devices, the specified quantity of service codes.

With the continuous development of mobile payment technologies, mobile payment is gradually changing people's daily travel modes. More public transportation is beginning to support mobile payment. Users can use two-dimensional codes generated by mobile terminals to take public transportation. Specifically, when taking public transportation, a user can use a mobile terminal to generate a two-dimensional code, scan the code at an entry station, and scan the code at an exit station, thereby completing the payment. In related technologies, a mobile terminal can generate only one two-dimensional code each time for one user to take public transportation. As such, when multiple persons traveling together take public transportation and one of them makes payment, the user usually needs to perform the operation multiple times so that the mobile terminal generates multiple two-dimensional codes. Consequently, user operations are cumbersome and user experience is poor.

Data processing methods, apparatuses, and terminal devices


A semipermeable ultrathin polymer membrane comprises a substantially optically transparent polymer film having a surface area to thickness ratio of at least 1,000,000:1, and an array of precisely spatially ordered pores of a user-selected diameter defined therethrough. Such membranes can be fabricated by providing a mold having a patterned array of nanoholes femtosecond laser ablated in a surface thereof; applying a first polymer solution onto the mold surface so that the first polymer solution infiltrates the nanoholes; allowing the first polymer solution to dry and form a replica of the mold having a plurality of freestanding nanoneedles extending from a surface of the replica; removing the replica from the mold; coating the replica surface with a second polymer solution; drying the second polymer solution to form a porous polymer film; and dissolving the replica in a solvent to release the film from the replica as a semipermeable ultrathin polymer membrane.

The present disclosure relates generally to semipermeable membranes, in particular very thin membranes with nonrandom pores, and more particularly to tunable polymer nanofilm perfusion membranes, which are believed to be advantageous for use in microfluidic devices for cell biology studies.
The basal lamina or basement membrane is a key physiological system that supports diverse epithelial cell types and participates in physicochemical signaling and transport between tissue types [4]. Its formation and function are essential in tissue maintenance, growth, angiogenesis, disease progression, and immunology.
In vitro models of the basement membrane, such as Boyden and transwell chambers, are essential to cell biology studies and are common in lab-on-a-chip devices where cells require apical and basolateral polarization. Extravasation, intravasation, membrane transport of chemokines, cytokines, chemotaxis of cells, and other key functions are routinely studied using these models. For example, transwells have been widely adopted for perfused, polarized cells, and migration assays since Boyden's initial chemotaxis experiment [1].
The promise of organs-on-a-chip technology (i.e., 3-D microfluidic cell culture chips that simulate the activities, mechanics, and physiological response of entire organs and/or organ systems) is essentially to create a more robust in vitro model of the complex electrophysicochemical systems that control cell function and fate in multicellular organisms [2]. However, a key element of any such model, including both static transwells and complex microfluidic organ models, is the semipermeable membrane used to simulate the basement membrane [3].
Critical properties of a semipermeable membrane suitable for use in a microfluidic device include controlled porosity, high species flux, mechanical strength, surface biocompatibility, and optical transparency. Although semi-permeable membranes formed from polycarbonate (PC) and polyester (PE) have traditionally been used for transwell cell culture and diffusion experiments, such membranes are far thicker than the basement membrane. Transwell membranes are typically more than 100 microns thick and the basement membrane is much less than one micron thick, typically tens of nanometers, three to four orders of magnitude thinner than currently available polycarbonate and polyester membranes, the transparency of which is not optimal in bright field light and confounds observation by differential interference contrast.
By contrast, ultrathin polymer films having a thickness of less than one micron (referred to herein as "nanofilms") are promising candidates for use as an in vitro model of the basement membrane because they are closer in thickness to native basement membrane and are compatible with cell culture. Nanofilms with thicknesses ranging from tens to hundreds of nanometers belong to a class of polymeric nanomaterials having huge surface to thickness ratios (>106), unique thickness-dependent interfacial and mechanical properties, and optical transparency. Previous studies have revealed that such films can have non-covalent high adhesiveness to surfaces, tunable flexibility and molecular permeability [5], defined structural color [6] and mechanical strength [7], and possibly conductive [8] and magnetic [9] properties, all of which enable such nanofilms to closely mimic the lamina basalis of the extracellular matrix in human tissues, making such films an ideal structure to direct cellular organization and regulate organ regeneration and function in vitro.
Nanofilm fabrication techniques are diverse, and include layer-by-layer assembly [10] methods, and the Langmuir-Blodgett method [11], among others. However, the simplest route to fabricate freestanding and easy-to-handle nanofilms is spin coating from a liquid polymer-solvent solution [12]. In previous works, full characterization of plain nanofilm structures was performed. The adhesion and proliferation of different cell types on poly (lactic acid) ("PLLA") nanofilms [13] and polyelectrolytic films [14] was confirmed.
Existing examples of organs-on-a-chip have used perforated polydimethylsiloxane ("PDMS") membranes [15, 16], polycarbonate [17] or photoresist membranes [18]. While the PDMS membranes have the advantages of optical transparency, tunable elastic modulus, and can be easily integrated in a monolithic PDMS device, it is still difficult to reduce the thickness of the membrane below 5 μm. This represents a major drawback of PDMS membranes because submicron membrane thickness is essential for physical contact and paracrine communication between cells growing on both sides.
Numerous approaches have been used to fabricate organic semipermeable membranes [19], such as polymer synthesis [20] and ion track etching of polymers [21]. However, these methods have numerous drawbacks mainly related to random arrangement of pores with wide size distribution or nanometric pore size. Other methods are based on direct micro- and nanofabrication on the plain polymer sheet, by e-beam lithography and by focused ion beam milling [22, 23]. These approaches have the advantage of control of the design and arrangement of the pores [24], but they also present drawbacks, such as long working time and seriality, and thus high cost.
Moreover, while direct etching of any polymeric film should be theoretically possible for example by tuning current and voltage of an ion or electron beam [24], it is practically impossible to drill holes with micrometric diameter through an approximately 100 nm thin film because the Gaussian distribution of the ion beam and the control of current and milling depth are not sufficient to avoid local polymer melting. Debris from the milling process limits the depth to 10× the diameter of the hole. Furthermore, direct milling of the film would implicate local changes in the film's mechanical and structural characteristics and thus increase the risk of breakage and tears in the polymer film.
Accordingly, what is needed are improvements in semipermeable membranes for use in microfluidic devices.

Method of fabricating semipermeable ultrathin polymer membranes


A liquid crystal cell of bend alignment mode or hybrid alignment mode should be optically compensated suitably enough to display an image of high contrast. In the displayed image, change of hue is little, and no inversion of gradation is observed. In a liquid crystal display having a liquid crystal cell of bend alignment mode and a pair of polarizing plates, one of the polarizing plates comprises a polarizing membrane and two optically anisotropic layers. A first optically anisotropic layer is made from discotic compounds oriented in hybrid alignment, and is placed so that a direction giving the maximum refractive index in plane may be essentially at 45° to a transmission axis in plane of the polarizing membrane. The second optically anisotropic layer consists of a cellulose ester film, and is placed so that a direction giving the maximum refractive index in plane may be essentially parallel or perpendicular to a transmission axis in plane of the polarizing membrane. The liquid crystal cell of bend alignment mode and the first and second optically anisotropic layers have appropriate optical characters measured at any wavelength of 450 nm, 550 nm and 630 nm. Similar optical characters are also effective in a liquid crystal cell of hybrid alignment mode.

As compared with a CRT (cathode ray tube), a liquid crystal display (LCD) has great advantages such as thin shape, light weight, low power consumption. The liquid crystal display generally comprises a liquid crystal cell and a pair of polarizing plates provided on both sides of the cell. The liquid crystal cell comprises rod-like liquid crystal molecules, a pair of substrates between which the rod-like liquid crystal molecules are provided, and an electrode layer having a function of applying a voltage to the rod-like liquid crystal molecules. Each of the substrates has an orientation layer, which has a function of aligning the rod-like liquid crystal molecules. In addition, an optical compensatory film (phase retarder) is often provided between the cell and the polarizing plate to remove undesirable color from an image displayed on the liquid crystal cell. A laminate of the polarizing plate (polarizing membrane) and the optical compensatory film serves as an elliptically polarizing plate. In some cases, the optical compensatory film has a function of enlarging a viewing angle of the liquid crystal cell. As the optical compensatory film, a stretched birefringent film has been conventionally used.
In place of the stretched birefringent film, an optical compensatory film comprising an optically anisotropic layer composed of discotic compound has been proposed (for example, in Referential Patent Publications 1 to 4). In the optically anisotropic layer, molecules of the discotic compound are aligned, and the alignment is fixed. The discotic compound generally gives large birefringence. Further, the molecules of the discotic compound can be oriented according to one of various alignment modes. Therefore, an optical compensatory film obtained from the discotic compound can have specific optical characters that cannot be given by the conventional stretched birefringent film.
A liquid crystal display having a liquid crystal cell of bend alignment mode, in which rod-like liquid crystal molecules in upper parts and ones in lower parts are essentially reversely (symmetrically) aligned, has been proposed (for example, in Referential Patent Publications 5 and 6). Since the liquid crystal molecules in upper parts and those in lower parts are symmetrically aligned, the liquid crystal cell has self-optical compensatory function. This mode is, therefore, also referred to as OCB (optically compensatory bend) mode. In addition to the self-optical compensatory function, the liquid crystal display of OCB mode has an advantage of rapid response.
If equipped with a liquid crystal cell of hybrid alignment mode, a liquid crystal display of reflection type can have the same self-optical compensatory function as the display of bend alignment mode. The hybrid alignment mode is also referred to as RAN (hybrid-alignment-nematic) mode.
The liquid crystal display of bend alignment or hybrid alignment mode has a wide viewing angle and responds rapidly, as compared with popular displays (of TN and STN modes). Nevertheless, in consideration of images given by CRT displays, it is still necessary to improve the display of bend alignment or hybrid alignment mode. In the display of bend alignment or hybrid alignment mode, as well as in the popular display, an optical compensatory film can be used to improve qualities of displayed images. However, a conventional stretched birefringent film cannot fully fill the role of the optical compensatory film when used in bend alignment or hybrid alignment mode. As described above, it has been proposed to use an optical compensatory film comprising a transparent support and an optically anisotropic layer of discotic compound in place of the stretched birefringent film. Further, a liquid crystal display of bend alignment mode equipped with an optical compensatory film containing discotic liquid crystal compound is also proposed (for example, in Referential Patent Publications 7 and 8). The optical compensatory film containing discotic liquid crystal compound remarkably improves the viewing angle of liquid crystal display of bend alignment mode.
However, it is reported (for example, in Referential Patent Publication 9) that images given by the liquid crystal display of bend alignment mode equipped with the optical compensatory film containing discotic liquid crystal compound are often colored with leaked light of a specific wavelength. According to the publication, this undesired coloring is due to wavelength dependence of the transmittance of the elliptically polarizing plate (i.e., laminate of the polarizing membrane and the optical compensatory film). It is also reported that, if the optically anisotropic layer and the polarizing membrane are placed so that an average of directions obtained by projecting normal lines of discotic planes of the discotic compound molecules onto the anisotropic layer may be essentially at 45° to the transmission axis in the plane of the polarizing membrane, the liquid crystal cell of bend alignment mode is maximally optically compensated.
In order to reduce change of hue and to prevent inversion of gradation, various methods are proposed (for example, in Referential Patent Publications 10 and 11) for the liquid crystal cell of bend alignment mode equipped with the optical compensatory film containing discotic liquid crystal compound.
Referential Patent Publication 1: Japanese Patent Provisional Publication No. 6(1994)-214116
Referential Patent Publication 2: U.S. Pat. No. 5,583,679
Referential Patent Publication 3: U.S. Pat. No. 5,646,703
Referential Patent Publication 4: German Patent Publication No. 3,911,620 A1
Referential Patent Publication 5: U.S. Pat. No. 4,583,825
Referential Patent Publication 6: U.S. Pat. No. 5,410,422
Referential Patent Publication 7: Japanese Patent Provisional Publication No. 9(1997)-197397
Referential Patent Publication 8: International Publication No. 96/37804
Referential Patent Publication 9: Japanese Patent Provisional Publication No. 11(1999)-316378
Referential Patent Publication 10: Japanese Patent No. 3,056,997
Referential Patent Publication 11: Japanese Patent Provisional Publication No.2002-40429

Liquid crystal display having liquid crystal cell of bend alignment mode or hybrid alignment mode


A ballot authentication system uses a plurality of security features embedded in and/or printed on the paper stock used to print a ballot on which election-choice-information is printed and a voting unit that includes at least a scanner that is configured to detect the plurality of security features that are embedded in and/or printed on the ballot and authenticate the ballot based on the read information. The voting unit of the ballot authentication system can be configured to verify and confirm that the various security features embedded in and/or printed on the ballot is correct for a particular precinct of an election. The security features of the ballot authentication system can include static, dynamic and data security features.

The improvements described herein relate to technologies for secure ballot image processing, ballot printing, and ballot layout authentication and verification.
Of great importance in maintaining the integrity of the voting process is ensuring that only authentic ballots are used during an election. In addition, due to the disconnected nature of optical scan based voting systems (in which an optical scanner is used to interpret voter intent and tabulate paper ballots that were previously filled-out by voters), it is imperative that the system can identify and verify that the content of the printed ballot matches the electronic definition that the system uses to interpret and process the ballot. In this regard, it is desirable to develop a ballot that includes certain security features to deter unauthorized printing, copying or counterfeiting of the ballot, as well as secure identifying information for the ballot layout.

Ballot level security features for optical scan voting machine capable of ballot image processing, secure ballot printing, and ballot layout authentication and verification


The present application presents a new and improved system and method of enhanced Lean Document Production (LDP), which employs cellular manufacturing concepts. The LDP process incorporates an auto-splitting algorithm and/or an earliest completion route algorithm to generate an operation schedule.

The present exemplary embodiment relates to lean manufacturing and to Lean Document Production (LDP). It finds particular application in conjunction with document printing operations using process friendly cells and will be described with particular reference thereto. However, it is to be appreciated that the present exemplary embodiment is also amenable to other applications.
Conventional print shops are organized in a manner that is functionally independent of the print jobs, the print job mix, and the total volume of print jobs passing through the system.
Thus, traditionally, a print shop would arrange its equipment such that all the printers are clustered in a "printers-only" area, all the inserters in an "inserters-only" area, and so on. The implication of this is that printers are only close to other printers and inserters only close to other inserters, effectively creating a separation between different types of machines that must be closely involved in order to get a single manufacturing job done. As a result, work in progress (WIP) in traditional print shops can be very high and, at the same time, the average job turn-around time is elongated. The LDP solution recognizes this "friction" in the document production process, and re-organizes the print shop layout to create process-friendly mini-shops called "cells" that eliminate much of these inefficiencies.
While the LDP solution contains an array of innovations to make document production a "lean" process, the concept of cellular manufacturing remains at the heart of this technology, and this has created a number of technical challenges, the most notable of which is how to schedule jobs efficiently in a manufacturing environment that is organized around the notion of cells. Besides the emergence of cells as new scheduling entities, there are a number of other issues that pose additional challenges to schedulers employed in LDP systems.
One issue is the heavy-tailed job size distribution, which refers to the fact that print jobs (especially the ones found in large print shops) vary significantly in sizes such that their distributions can no longer be sufficiently characterized by any "textbook" distributions (such as normal or exponential distributions) that have a finite variance. Given that many scheduling algorithms and systems assume quite the opposite (i.e., only dealing with distributions that are not heavy-tailed), new schedulers are needed to meet this challenge.
Existing schedulers take the form of a two-tiered scheduling approach in which a job is first assigned to a cell (or a sequence of cells if needed) by a shop-level scheduler, and since each cell has its own job queue, once a job is assigned to some cell, it is permanently bound to that cell until the job steps within the cell are finished. This strategy works well if the shop-level scheduler can accurately predict the workload of each cell at any moment and compute a mapping from jobs to cells in a way that keeps the utilization level of each cell as high (or evenly distributed) as possible. With current schedulers, however, there are situations in which this can be difficult to achieve. One reason is that the shop-level scheduler does not take into account detailed scheduling constraints within each cell while making its decisions. Factors such as the specific arrival and due dates of a job, the sequence-dependent setup costs, and the number of jobs with similar due dates scheduled in a single cell are not addressed by the shop-level scheduler. Obviously, all these unaddressed factors can (and usually do) contribute to the workload of a cell at any given time. Thus, any such fixed mapping from jobs to cells tends to overload some cells while leaving others idle from time to time.
Another area where improvements of existing LDP systems would be beneficial is in the area of "batch-splitting", which is a throughput-improvement strategy for handling large jobs in LDP systems. Batch-splitting chops a long job into a number of smaller units called "batches." At times batches may also be referred to as sub-jobs. The idea is to eliminate downstream waiting as soon as a fraction of a long job is ready to flow through the system.
In existing LDP solutions, the lot size is calculated in two different ways, depending on the type of workflow (i.e., serial or assembly). Improving the efficiency of batch-splitting in these situations would, therefore, be beneficial. The present application addresses these and other issues.

System for adaptive lot sizing in cellular manufacturing for balancing workloads across multiple cells using split-then-merge operations and earliest completion route algorithm


A torsional vibration damper in which variable volume chambers pump oil through restricted passages in response to relative torsional movement between a driven and inertia member in the damper. The passages are connected to radially inner and outer sides of an annular spring. Torsional oscillation causes the spring to deflect in a circumferential direction and the restricted passages damp the vibration.

It is known to provide a torsional vibration damper for an engine crankshaft in which a rotary body incorporates a plurality of steel springs interconnecting inner and outer body members for relative rotation with a desired stiffness. Damping is achieved by pumping engine oil between different cavities within the damper construction. U.S. Pat. No. 3,996,767 is an example of this type of damper. Such dampers are likely to require the complex assembly of many precision-machined parts which make them inherently expensive. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 805,346, filed on Dec. 9, 1991 and of common assignment with the present invention, proposes a more economical damper construction but still utilizes a multiplicity of steel springs.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a torsional vibration damper in which the above disadvantage is obviated or mitigated.


An exterior antenna structure of a mobile terminal that may extend the length of an antenna pattern when it is inserted into a case is provided. The exterior antenna structure of the mobile terminal, includes, an exterior antenna including a sleeve extending to an outside of a case, a stopper connected to a lower end of the sleeve, and a pogo pin provided at an inside and a lower end of the stopper, and an additional antenna pattern electrically connected to the pogo pin when the exterior antenna is inserted into an inside of the case. Accordingly, an additional antenna pattern contacting with an exterior antenna may minimize reduction in a passive gain when an exterior antenna is inserted into a case, and a pogo pin provided at a stopper allows an exterior antenna inserted in a case to achieve a stable electric contact with an additional antenna pattern.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an exterior antenna structure of a mobile terminal. More particularly, the present invention relates to an exterior antenna structure of a mobile terminal that may extend the length of an antenna pattern when it is inserted into a case.
2. Description of the Related Art
In recent years, in a mobile terminal such as a portable phone, demand for a function of receiving mobile broadcasting, such as Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (DMB), Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting-Terrestrial (ISDB-T), Digital Video Broadcasting-Handheld (DVB-H), Media Forward Link Only (MediaFLO), as well as a voice communication function, is increasing. An exterior antenna such as a whip antenna has been widely used as an antenna for receiving mobile broadcasting. In this case, the exterior antenna can be inserted or extended into or from a case, respectively.
FIG. 1 is a plane view illustrating an exterior antenna structure of a mobile terminal according to the related art.
Referring to FIG. 1, the exterior antenna structure of a mobile terminal includes an exterior antenna 10 with a sleeve 14 and a stopper 16. A head 12 is formed at an upper end of the sleeve 14. A tube 15 is formed at an inner side of the case 11, and guides insertion or extension of the sleeve 14 and the stopper 16 into or from the case 11. A cover 17 is inserted into a lower end of the tube 15 to prevent a stopper 16 from being extended from an inside of the tube 15. A power supply unit 13 is provided at an upper end of the tube 15 to contact with the sleeve 14 or the stopper 16. The stopper 16 is connected to a lower portion of the sleeve 14 by a hinge engagement portion 19.
In the exterior antenna structure of a mobile terminal having the construction mentioned above, since the exterior antenna 10 is inserted into an inside of the case 11 at the time of a scheduled recording of mobile broadcasting, a passive gain is 30 decibels (dB) lower in comparison with a case where the exterior antenna 10 is extended. When a side key and the case 11 of the exterior antenna 10 are made of metal for improving the reliability, a passive gain is 10 dB lower in comparison with a case where they are made of plastic materials.
Therefore, a need exists for an exterior antenna structure of a mobile terminal that may minimize a reduction in a passive gain when an exterior antenna is inserted into a case.

Exterior antenna structure of mobile terminal