An optical type pick-up actuator can include a lens holder having an object lens for condensing a light on an optical disc mounted at one side thereof and activated in a predetermined direction, and a plurality of yokes and magnets facing one another. A focusing coil and a tracking coil can be installed between the plurality of magnets, and disposed in a Y-axis direction to activate the lens holder by an electromagnetic force with the magnets in focusing and tracking directions.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an optical disc drive for recording/reproducing device, and more particularly, to an optical pick-up actuator and methods thereof.
2. Background of the Related Art
An apparatus for reproducing a recorded signal stored in an optical disc is called an optical disc drive. Such an optical disc drive has an optical pick-up unit and an object lens driving unit for allowing a light spot to trace a center of a signal track of the optical disc such that an influence of a surface vibration and an eccentricity, etc. of the optical disc depending on a rotation of the optical disc is reduced or minimized on a light beam condensed from the object lens. Such an object lens driving unit is called an optical pick-up actuator. The object lens driving unit allows an activating unit (hereafter "lens holder") having the object lens mounted thereon to move up/down, left/right, etc., to perform a servo function such as focusing and tracking, etc. of the beam condensed on an information recording surface of the optical disc.
Further, in the optical pick-up actuator of the optical disc drive used in a portable personal computer such as a notebook should be manufactured to be as thin and as light as possible for satisfying specifications such as a space limit and a hand convenience. In particular, since an interval between a reflective mirror and the object lens of the optical disc drive is a main element for determining a total height of the optical disc drive or the optical pick-up actuator, a structure for reducing the interval is required. In order to satisfy this requirement specification, a configuration of a front-protrusion-typed object lens is required for the slim-type optical pick-up actuator.
A related art slim-type optical pick-up actuator will be described as follows. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the related art slim-type optical pick-up actuator 100 includes an object lens 101 mounted in a protrusion type on one side front surface of a lens holder 102, a focusing coil 103 wound along a circumference surface of a bobbin 110 having a first housing groove 102a formed at a center of the lens holder 102, and a tracking coil 104 wound at left/right portions of one side of the focusing coil 103.
Additionally, a pick-up base 106 has U-shaped yokes 106a protruded therefrom, and magnets 105 are attached to the one lateral surfaces (facing surfaces) of the protruded yokes 106a. Such magnets 105 and yokes 106a are respectively protruded toward the first housing groove 102a and a second housing groove 102b such that the magnets 105 face each other.
In the pick-up base 106, a support 106b spaced a predetermined distance away from the yoke 106a, a frame 109, and a circuit substrate 108 attached to a rear surface of the frame are combined and fixed using a screw 120 and screw holes 108a and 106c. Additionally, the lens holder 102 is supported by a pair of wire suspensions 107 connected between the frame 109 and a substrate 111 fixed to a central portion of both lateral surfaces of the lens holder.
The focusing coil 103 is installed around a circumference surface of the second housing groove 102b, and the tracking coil 104 is installed at both front sides of the focusing coil 103. A single groove formed in an internal section of the lens holder 102 is divided into the first and second housing grooves 102a and 102b by the bobbin 110 around which the focusing coil 103 and the tracking coil 104 are wound.
One side portion of each of the tracking coil 104 is positioned between the magnets 105. Further, each tracking coil 104 faces left/right sides of the magnets 105 facing each other.
In this structure, if a current is applied to the focusing coil 103 and the tracking coil 104, the focusing and tracking coils 103 and 104 each are subjected to the force of the electromagnetic interaction of the focusing and tracking coils 103 and 104 and the magnets 105 to move together with the lens holder 102. The focusing coil 103 and the tracking coil 104 are subjected to the force of the interaction with the magnet in a direction following the Fleming's left-hand rule.
At this time, if the interaction of the focusing and tracking coils 103 and 104 and the magnet 105 allows an electromagnetic force to be applied to the focusing and tracking coils 103 and 104, the bobbin 110 moves, together with the lens holder 102, in a focusing direction (Z) and a tracking direction (Y). The object lens 101 protruded at one side of the lens holder 102 is moved to control the position where the light spot is focused on the optical disc (not shown).
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the mass center position (G) of the lens holder 102 using the above-described magnetic circuit structure is positioned between each tracking coil 104 and focusing coil 103. At this time, an operation center position (C1) of the first focusing coil 103a positioned between two magnets 105 is formed at an intersection point of a center of left/right sides of a first focusing coil 103a and a center of a coil thickness, and an operation center position (C2) of the tracking coil 104 is formed at an intersection point of a center of left/right-side tracking coils and a center of a coil thickness. Accordingly, the operation center positions (C1, C2) of each of the focusing and tracking coils 103a and 104 are positioned at different points. This is caused by a structure having the focusing coil 103 passing between two magnets 105 and having the tracking coil 104 at one external (e.g., both left/right) side of the focusing coil 103.
Additionally, the mass center position (G) of the lens holder 102 including the bobbin 110 having the coils 103 and 104 installed is designed to be positioned between the operation center positions (C1, C2) of the focusing and tracking coils 103a and 104. Generally, a consistency of the operation center positions (C1, C2) of the coils 103a and 104 with the mass center position (G) at one position would allow the actuator to perform in its best or optimal operation state. When the mass center position (G) is in a non-consistent state with both the operation center positions (C1, C2) of the coils 103a and 104, but is allowed to be consistent with only one operation center position, an operation characteristic of the coil is deteriorated.
Accordingly the mass center position (G) is designed to be positioned between the operation center positions (C1, C2) of the coils 103a and 104. However, even in this case, since the mass center position (e.g., a movement center position (G)) of the lens holder 102 is not consistent, there is a drawback in that the lens holder 102 moves in a slant (e.g., not exactly in the Y and Z directions), at the time of a focusing or tracking operation. Further, the operation center position of the second focusing coil 103b (C3) is positioned at an opposite side of the focusing coil 103. Since a leakage flux of these portions (C3, 103b ) is positioned at a rear surface of the magnet 105, it acts with a force in an opposite direction to the focusing operation.
FIGS. 4a and 4b are diagrams showing distribution views of a magnetic flux density and a vector of the coil in the optical pick-up actuator of FIG. 1. As shown in FIG. 4a, if the current is applied to the focusing coil 103, the flux density of the focusing coil 103 has an unbalanced distribution. That is, the first focusing coil 103a portion between the magnets 105 has the magnetic flux concentrated by the interaction of the magnet 105, but since the second focusing coil 103b portion at the rear surface of the yoke is blocked by the yoke 106a, it is not affected by the magnet 105.
FIG. 4b is a view illustrating a flux distribution and a vector distribution of a related art tracking coil. Since the tracking coil 104 is disposed at the left/right sides of the magnet 105, the magnetic flux is concentrated in a central direction of the magnet 105.
As shown in FIG. 5, the first focusing coil 103a at an inner side of the yoke 106a is subjected to the electromagnetic force caused by the interaction with the magnet 105, while the second focusing coil 103b at an outer side of the yoke 106a is blocked by the yoke 106a and is less affected or not affected by the magnet 105. Further, as shown in FIG. 5, the magnetic force line by the magnet 105 is less deviated from a center of the magnet 105 while it is widely spread at an edge of the magnet 105. Meanwhile, the magnetic force line is deviated from the yoke 106a to leak outside. The second focusing coil 103b positioned outside of the yoke 106a is affected by this leakage flux.
As shown in FIG. 5, an arrow coming from the focusing coil 103 illustrates a magnitude and a direction of the force applied to the focusing coil 103 according to a distribution of the magnetic force line by the Fleming's left-hand rule. As described above, even the outside second focusing coil 103b is subjected to the force by the affection of the leakage flux, and with respect to the total force from the focusing coil 103, this causes an unbalanced distribution of the force. That is, as shown in FIG. 6, a force (Fu) applied to the first focusing coil 103a positioned inside of the yoke 106a and a force (Fd) applied to the second focusing coil 103b positioned outside of the yoke 106a are unbalanced. Accordingly, a pitching mode (shown in FIG. 10a) occurs in which the bobbin 110 and the lens holder 102 yaw front and rear. That is, the bobbin 110 and the lens holder 102 are yawed in a direction of an arrow (P) of FIG. 6.
Further, the outside second focusing coil 103b is not used for a focusing operation, and a sensitivity of the optical pick-up actuator is reduced by a mass increase and a resistance increase of the wound coil. Accordingly, it impedes a high speed following capacity depending on a high-multiple speed of the disc.
On the other hand, at the time of movement of the left/right tracking coils 104 depending on a track direction (A), since the movement center position and the mass center position (G) are not consistent with each other, a rolling mode (shown in FIG. 10b) occurs. As shown in FIG. 7, when the bobbin 110 is in a stop state, a total mass center position (G) of the optical pick-up actuator 100 and the movement center position (H) of the bobbin 110 are consistent with each other. Arrows of the drawings illustrates the magnitude and the direction of the force applied to the tracking coil 104 by the magnet 105. The magnitude of the force applied to the tracking coil 104 depends on the magnitude of the magnetic flux and the current flowing through the tracking coil 104, and depends on only the magnitude of the magnetic flux in case the current is constant. Thus, the magnetic flux is the largest at the central portion of the magnet 105, and gradually becomes smaller at an outside edge thereof. Again, as shown in FIG. 7, when the tracking coil 104 is at a neutral position, since the magnetic flux is symmetrically distributed centering on the tracking coil 104, the mass center position (G) and the movement center position (H) of the tracking coil are allowed to be consistent with each other.
However, as shown in FIG. 8, if the bobbin 110 is focused upward by the focusing coil 103, the force applied to the tracking coil 104 by the magnet 105 is deflected downward of the tracking coil 104. Accordingly, since the downward tracking force of the bobbin 110 is larger than the upward tracking force thereof, the rotation moment is generated in an arrowed direction (R1). To the contrary, as shown in FIG. 9, if the bobbin is downward-focused by the focusing coil 103, the force applied to the tracking coil 104 by the magnet 105 is deflected upward of the tracking coil 104. Accordingly, since the tracking force upward of the bobbin 110 is larger than the tracking force downward thereof, the rotation moment is generated in an arrowed direction (R2). As a result, according to the focusing operation of the bobbin 110, the movement center position (H) of the tracking coil 104 is not allowed to be consistent with the mass center position (G), which results in the rolling mode (shown in FIG. 10b) rolling in the arrowed directions (R1, R2).
In the related art lens holder 102, a frequency characteristic of the optical pick-up actuator is determined by a rigidity of the wire suspension 107, which is installed at both sides. But, since the lens holder itself is an apparatus structure, it has a vibration frequency, and when the optical pick-up actuator is vibration-added at the vibration frequency, it is resonant in a proper vibration mode of the lens holder 102.
In related art optical pick-up actuator having the lens holder, the lens holder structure is vibrated to have a twisted or bent shape in a mode in which a total of the lens holder is transformed. In the related art lens holder, the focusing operation or the tracking operation should be completed before an initial transformation frequency of 17.2 KHz, and therefore, at a high-multiple speed of reproduction, a focusing or tracking control becomes difficult. Since this type of vibration mode in the lens holder causes the object lens to be vibrated at the same time, the beam is directly influenced such that it is difficult to control the actuator, which should follow the disc.
In addition, the proper vibration mode of the lens holder 102 is a characteristic, which is determined by a shape of the lens holder 102. The object lens 101 is vibrated together by the vibration mode of the lens holder itself. Accordingly, since the beam is distorted, a control characteristic of following the disc is badly affected.
As described above in the related art structure, a rotation vibration mode such as the pitching mode and the rolling mode in the actuator can affect a phase and a variation of a basic frequency characteristic at the time of the focusing and tracking operations, and accordingly, a degradation of the optical signal is caused. If the magnitude of the magnet 105 is increased to increase the flux density for improving an alternate current sensitivity, since the leakage flux is also increased together thereby resulting in a sub-resonance. Thus, there has been a limit in increasing the flux density. Furthermore, in the high-multiple speed and high density of optical recording and reproducing device, a pitching mode and rolling mode phenomenon can more seriously occur, and a degradation of the optical signal is caused.
In addition, the related art optical pick-up actuator has a drawback because when a high-dimensional resonant frequency is included in a high-pass frequency range, as the bobbin is transformed, the object lens is transformed or a position of the object lens is also changed in the bobbin to thereby cause the disc not to be exactly focused. Accordingly, the track signal of the disc is not exactly read out to thereby cause reproduction to be degraded or impossible.
The above references are incorporated by reference herein where appropriate for appropriate teachings of additional or alternative details, features and/or technical background.

Slim-type optical pick-up actuator for recording/reproducing device


A method for reducing memory latency in a processor includes identifying an independent instruction (or cache miss instruction) and corresponding dependent instructions from a re-circulating issue window (RIW) when a cache miss is encountered. The cache miss instruction and corresponding dependent instructions are moved to a re-circulating issue buffer (RIB) and moved back to the RIW from the RIB for processing when the cache miss is resolved.

The present invention generally relates to processors, and more particularly, to reducing memory latency in a processor.
Memory latency refers to the time required by a processor to fetch data required for execution of one or more instructions from a memory. Memory latency impacts the efficiency and performance of the processor because execution of instructions is stalled until the required data is made available.
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a conventional processor 100. The processor 100 includes a decoder 102, a branch predictor 103, an issue window 104, a bus 106, a branch unit 108, an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) 110, a load store unit 112 and a cache memory 114. The branch unit 108, the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) 110, and the load store unit 112 are together referred to as a processing unit 116. The processor 100 receives a set of instructions 116 for execution and the decoder 102 decodes the instructions 116 and provides the decoded instructions to the issue window 104. The branch predictor 103 predicts a selection of a branch in a program flow of the instructions 116 to maintain a pipeline of instructions for execution by the processor 100, which optimizes the processing speed of the processor 100. The issue window 104 issues the instructions to the processing unit 116 for execution. The branch unit 108 executes branch instructions, the ALU 110 executes arithmetic and logic instructions, and the load store unit 112 executes load and store instructions. The load store unit 112 loads data from the cache memory 114 and stores data to the cache memory 114. The cache memory 114 requests the data from an external memory (not shown in FIG. 1). Various elements of the processor 100 as described in FIG. 1 are interconnected by way of the bus 106.
The cache memory 114 operates faster than the external memory, provides faster access to the data required for executing instructions, and reduces the processing time of the processor 100. However, the cache memory 114 can store only a limited amount of data and the data required for executing an instruction 116 may not always be available in the cache memory 114, a condition which is referred to as a cache miss. When a cache miss is encountered, the cache memory 114 tries to retrieve the required data from the external memory to resolve the cache miss. However, retrieving data from the external memory takes time because of the comparatively slower speed of the external memory. For example, it can take up to 100 processor cycles or more to resolve a cache miss, which increases the memory latency, and impacts the performance of the processor 100. During a cache miss, the processor 100 not only stalls execution of instructions that need the requested data, but also of other instructions that are dependent on the cache miss instructions, which partially or completely blocks the issue window 104 and slows the processor 100. On partial blockage of the issue window 104, though the processor 100 continues to execute other instructions, its processing capacity is underutilized.
Therefore, there is a need for a solution that efficiently manages cache misses in a processor, that reduces memory latency and improves speed and performance of a processor and that overcomes the above-mentioned limitations of existing processors.

Method for reducing memory latency in processor


A boring apparatus wherein the size in the axial direction of the shaft of the manual handle horizontally supported can be made small-sized. A clutch is composed of spherical bodies, a cylindrical body having formed therein hole portions for receiving the spherical bodies, spherical body pressing means for pressing the spherical bodies to the outside or inside of the cylindrical body, and an engagement member having recessed portions engaging with the spherical bodies which are projected to the outside or inside of the cylindrical body, and the boring apparatus is constructed by using the clutch.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a boring apparatus or a magnetic base drill unit, and particularly to a light-weight and small sized boring apparatus.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Various kinds of boring apparatus as magnetic base drill units have already been proposed, which comprise a drill unit provided with an annular hole cutter, a magnetic base for causing the drill unit to be magnetically adhered onto a workpiece for fixing, a feed motor for automatically feeding the drill unit to the workpiece, and the like. A magnetic base drill unit has also been proposed, wherein the drill unit is restored to its initial position after the hole cutting work by the drill unit is completed.
For instance, in the specification of U. S. Pat. No. 4,789,274 issued on Dec. 6, 1988 and assigned to the same assignee as the present invention, a technique is described for enhancing the efficiency of the hole cutting work by making the restoring (rise) speed of the drill unit after the termination of the hole cutting work faster than the feed (fall) speed of the drill unit during the hole cutting work. Specifically, in the magnetic base drill unit described in the above U.S. Pat. No., rotation of the feed motor is transmitted to the drill unit through a reduction gear during the hole cutting work, while it is transmitted to the drill unit without through the reduction gear after the termination of the hole cutting work.
The feed mechanism of such boring apparatus is provided with a clutch in the power transmission device between the feed motor and the manual feed mechanism, so that the transmission of power from the feed motor to the feed mechanism can be released by letting out the clutch, thereby enabling the drill unit to be risen or fallen by using a manual handle.
In the U.S. Pat. No. described above, the drill unit is provided with a rack in the rise and fall direction thereof, and the gear of the final stage of a reduction gear train reducing the rotation of the feed motor is engaged with the rack, thereby constituting the feed unit of the drill unit A manual handle is provided on the supporting shaft of one of gears constituting the reduction gear train, and a pair of toothed halves (17A and 17B in the said specification) are arranged on the shaft so that each half is opposed to the other in the axial direction thereof, with one half being fixed to the shaft and the other half being fixed to the frame of the boring apparatus. The pair of toothed halves from the clutch. And, by sliding the shaft in the axial direction thereof, engagement and disengagement of the halves of the toothed halves are performed, thereby performing the transmission and release of power.
In addition, in the U.S. Pat. No. mentioned above, a worm is attached to the feed motor to provide power transmission to the worm wheel disposed on the end portion of the shaft of the manual handle. Accordingly, the feed motor is attached so that its rotating shaft is perpendicular to the shaft (rotating shaft) of the manual handle which is supported horizontally, or to the rise and fall direction of the drill unit.
The above described prior art had the following problems.
(1) Since the halves of the pair of toothed halves constituting a clutch are arranged so that they are orienting to the axial direction of the manual handle and, it is needed to slide the manual handle in the axial direction thereof for the engagement/disengagement of the toothed halves, the frame of the boring apparatus becomes large-sized in the axial direction of the manual handle. PA1 (2) Since the rotation of the feed motor is transmitted by using a worm and a worm wheel, it is required to install the feed motor so that the rorating shaft of the feed motor matches the rise and fall direction of the drill unit, so it is difficult to place the feed motor in the casing of the boring apparatus. Since the feed motor is separately provided outside the casing, the construction of the means for installing the feed motor is complicated and the boring apparatus becomes large-sized.


In the method of deoxidation casting, a disused metal left in a feeder head can be easily removed from a cast product, or the molten metal left in the feeder head can be removed from the cast product so as to easily finish the cast product. The method comprises the steps of: pouring a molten metal into a cavity of a casting die; and reacting a deoxidizing compound with the molten metal so as to deoxidize an oxide film formed on a surface of the molten metal. And the method is characterized in that rate of cooling the molten metal in a feeder head of the casting die is lower than that in the cavity, and that the molten metal in the feeder head, which is not solidified, is treated when the molten metal in the cavity is solidified so as to make an outline of a cast product correspond to that of a desired product.

The present invention relates to a method of deoxidation casting and a deoxidation casting machine, more precisely relates to a method of deoxidation casting, in which a molten metal left in a feeder head is properly treated, and a deoxidation casting machine capable of executing said method.
There are many kinds of ways of casting aluminum or aluminum alloy. For example, gravity casting can be executed in a simple casting die and is capable of improving quality of products. A conventional method of aluminum gravity casting will be explained with reference to FIG. 14. A splittable casting die 100 is made of a metal and constituted by a lower die section 102a and an upper die section 102b. A cavity 104, in which a product will be cast, is formed between the die sections 102a and 102b.
A molten metal inlet 106, from which a molten metal, e.g., molten aluminum, is poured, the cavity 104 and a feeder head 108, which is provided between the inlet 106 and the cavity 104, are formed in the upper die section 102b. Further, air ventilation holes 110, which discharge air in the cavity 104 when the molten metal is introduced into the cavity 104, are also formed in the upper die section 102b.
When the molten metal is solidified, about 3% of volume of the molten metal is contract. By the contraction of the molten metal filled in the cavity, a contracted part is formed in the cast product. In the casting die 100 shown in FIG. 14, the molten metal in the feeder head 108 moves toward the contracted part, by its own weight, when the molten metal in the cavity 104 is solidified. Then, the molten metal fed from the feeder head 108 fills the contracted part, so that no contracted part is formed in the cast products. Since the molten metal is supplemented from the feeder head 108 to the cavity 104 by its own weight, volume of the feeder head 108 must be great.
Fluidity of the molten metal is low in the casting die 100, so weight of the molten metal in the feeder head 108 must be heavy. Therefore, the volume of the feeder head 108 must be great so as to compulsorily supplement the molten metal. In the case of aluminum casting, for example, aluminum is apt to oxidize, so an oxide film is formed on the surface of the molten aluminum, so that the fluidity of the molten aluminum must be lower. To improve the fluidity, lubricant is applied to inner faces of the cavity 104.
To improve the fluidity of the molten aluminum and to cast a product having good external appearance without applying the lubricant, the inventors of the present invention invented a method of aluminum casting (see Japanese Patent Gazette No. 2000-280063). The method will be explained with reference to FIG. 15. A deoxidizing compound, e.g., magnesium nitride compound (Mg3 N2), is introduced into the cavity 104 of the casting die 100, then the molten aluminum or aluminum alloy is poured into the casting die 100. The deoxidizing compound deoxidizes the oxide film formed on the surface of the molten aluminum or aluminum alloy, so that surface tension of the molten aluminum or aluminum alloy can be reduced, the fluidity thereof can be improved, and the product having no casting-wrinkles can be produced. Namely, high quality products can be cast.
The method using the deoxidizing compound is capable of improving the fluidity of the molten metal and well filling the molten metal in the cavity. The volume of the feeder head 108 can be reduced because the molten metal is capable of well filling the cavity 104 without using the weight of the molten metal in the feeder head 108. Therefore, the volume of the feeder head 108 may be designed on the basis of the volume reduction of the solidified metal.
In the conventional casting machine, the metal solidified in the feeder head 108 is integrated with the product solidified in the cavity 104. The metal solidified in the feeder head 108 must be cut and removed from the cast product. The removed metal will be reused as a casting material. As described above, the step of removing a disused solidified metal from the product is an essential step in the conventional method. If the volume of the feeder head 108 is great, it takes a long time to remove the disused metal. Further, energy consumption must be increased so as to melt the disused metal, which has the great volume, to reuse.
On the other hand, in the improved method disclosed in the Japanese Patent Gazette No. 2000-280063, the volume of the feeder head 108 can be designed to supplement the contracted part of the product, so the volume of the feeder head 108 can be reduced. By reducing the volume of the feeder head 108, the volume of the disused metal is also reduced, so the disused metal can be easily cut and removed from the cast product.
However, if the volume of the feeder head 108 is too small, the contracted part is formed in the vicinity of a connecting part between the disused metal and the cast product. In some cases, the contracted part is formed in the cast product. Further, if the molten metal left in the small feeder head 108 can be removed or discharged therefrom, working efficiency of the casting can be improved.
An object of the present invention is to provide a method of deoxidation casting, in which a disused metal left in a feeder head can be easily removed from a cast product, or the molten metal left in the feeder head can be removed from the cast product so as to easily finish the cast product and reduce energy consumption of the casting work.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a deoxidation casting machine capable of executing the method of the present invention.
To achieve the objects, the present invention has following structures.
The method of deoxidation casting of the present invention comprises the steps of:
pouring a molten metal into a cavity of a casting die, which includes a feeder head provided between a molten metal inlet and the cavity; and
reacting a deoxidizing compound with the molten metal so as to deoxidize an oxide film formed on a surface of the molten metal, and
the method is characterized in,
that rate of cooling the molten metal in the feeder head is lower than that in the cavity, and
that the molten metal in the feeder head, which is not solidified, is treated when the molten metal in the cavity is solidified so as to make an outline of a cast product correspond to that of a desired product.
The deoxidation casting machine of the present invention, in which a deoxidizing compound reacts with a molten metal so as to deoxidize an oxide film formed on a surface of the molten metal, comprises
a casting die having a molten metal inlet, a cavity into which a molten metal is poured from the molten metal inlet and a feeder head provided between the molten metal inlet and the cavity, wherein rate of cooling the molten metal in the feeder head is lower than that in the cavity, and
the machine is characterized by,
means for pressing the molten metal in the feeder head, which is not solidified, toward the cavity when the molten metal in the cavity is solidified so as to make an outline of a cast product correspond to that of a desired product.
Another deoxidation casting machine of the present invention, in which a deoxidizing compound reacts with a molten metal so as to deoxidize an oxide film formed on a surface of the molten metal, comprises
a casting die having a molten metal inlet, a cavity into which a molten metal is poured from the molten metal inlet and a feeder head provided between the molten metal inlet and the cavity, wherein rate of cooling the molten metal in the feeder head is lower than that in the cavity, and
the machine is characterized in,
that a cavity constituting member of the casting die is separable from a feeder head constituting member thereof, and
that the cavity constituting member, in which the molten metal is solidified, is separated from the feeder head constituting member while the molten metal in the feeder head is not solidified.
Further, the deoxidation casting machine of the present invention, in which a deoxidizing compound reacts with a molten metal so as to deoxidize an oxide film formed on a surface of the molten metal, comprises
a casting die having a molten metal inlet, a cavity into which a molten metal is poured from the molten metal inlet and a feeder head provided between the molten metal inlet and the cavity, wherein rate of cooling the molten metal in the feeder head is lower than that in the cavity, and
the machine is characterized by,
means for discharging the molten metal is provided to the feeder head, wherein the molten metal in the feeder head, which is not solidified, is discharged outside when the molten metal in the cavity is solidified.
In the present invention, the product can be cast without forming a contracted part. Volume of a disused metal solidified in the feeder head can be reduced, so that the disused metal can be easily removed by proper means, e.g., a milling cutter, and working efficiency can be improved.
If the molten metal in the feeder head, which is not solidified, is removed from the cast product solidified in the cavity, no disused metal is integrated with the cast product. In this case, the molten metal in the feeder head is not solidified, so it can be easily removed from the cast product.
Since the volume of the feeder head can be reduced, energy consumption of the casting work can be reduced, and manufacturing cost can be reduced.
Since the deoxidizing compound formed on inner faces of the cavity contact the oxide film of the molten metal, the fluidity of the molten metal can be improved and the cavity can be well filled with the molten metal without applying lubricant. Further, even if the molten metal is pressurized, the cavity is not damaged. Durability can be improved, maintenance can be easily executed, and a span of life of the casting die can be extended.

Method of deoxidation casting and deoxidation casting machine


A container, preferably a pallet container with a liner bag, includes a base, at least one side wall, and an exchangeable valve assembly that can be mounted in an insertion direction into a valve socket in the container. The container includes at least one locking element for locking engagement of a locking structure of the valve assembly and which is movably mounted in or on the container and can be moved between an open position, in which the valve assembly can be inserted into or removed from the valve socket, and a closed position, in which the locking element engages the locking structure of the valve assembly to secure it inside of the valve socket.

In pallet containers with liner bags, it is state of the art to utilize exchangeable discharge valves, which can either be discarded with the liner bag after emptying of the container or be cleaned and reprocessed, in order to avoid the contamination of any fluids, granulated goods or the like, which are subsequently transported with the same container. In order to provide easy exchangeability, the valve assemblies known in the art usually comprise integrally formed latching hooks, which may be snapped into corresponding recesses in the container or vice versa. This allows for toolless assembly and disassembly of the valve on the container and reduced production steps, when producing the container. However, these known solutions have several drawbacks. For one, the disassembly can be cumbersome, since the latching hooks have to be unlatched manually, which requires the use of both hands and bending down to reach the valve assembly near ground level. Further, the known latching mechanisms pose a hazard for jamming ones fingers during assembly or disassembly of the valve. Finally, the known solutions are susceptible to damage, especially when disassembling the valve from the container. Specifically, the latching hooks tend break, which can render the valve useless and also bears the risk of clogging up the corresponding recesses in the container. Thus, the known containers are at a continual risk of being rendered out of commission during routine exchange of the valve assembly.


A thin, flat, polymer, scratch resistant, user applied disc protector with self-adhesive backing which affixes to the top of a compact disc to help eliminate possible damage from impact which would render the disc in a semi-unplayable or unplayable condition. This extra layer of user applied protection is prefabricated to proper size to adhesively secure to various optical mediums with a self-adhesive layer by an application method of installation on the top, protective side of the disc. Adhesive allows for permanent placement on the disc for convenience without hindering operation of the disc and without hindering readability of the context of the information lettering. This disc protector can include a removable peel-away backing.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention pertains to a compact disc protector, and more particularly, pertains to a compact disc protector which is thin, scratch resistant, polymer material and user applied.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Compact discs are made with little physical protection for the top of the disc making the information layer vulnerable to damage over long term use. Damage to the information layer can result in tracking errors in the form of distortion of the music and/or dialog, or can cause erroneous tracking problems for the player's computer to have difficulty in focusing on the information, thereby producing miscues and skips.
The present invention overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art by providing a compact disc protector which is designed to be easily applied to an optical compact disc by the consumer. It is a self-contained structure of a peel-away back on a self-adhesive transparent member that can be placed on the label side of the compact disc without damage to the optical disc or optical disc player.