Systems and methods for interactive objects including conductive lines are provided. An interactive object may comprise a capacitive touch sensor comprising two or more non-crossing conductive lines that form at least a first conductive line pattern. The first conductive line pattern may comprise a first, second, and third sequence of the two or more non-crossing conductive lines relative to a respective first, second, and third input direction. The interactive object may be configured to detect touch input to the capacitive touch sensor based on a change in capacitance associated with the two or more non-crossing conductive lines, identify at least one of the first, second, or third line sequence based on the touch input to the capacitive touch sensor, and determine a respective gesture corresponding to the first, second, or third sequence of two or more non-crossing conductive lines.

An interactive object includes conductive lines such as conductive threads incorporated into the interactive object to form a sensor such as a capacitive touch sensor that is configured to detect touch input. The interactive object can process the touch input to generate touch data that is useable to initiate functionality locally at the interactive object or at various remote devices that are wirelessly coupled to the interactive object. Interactive objects may include conductive lines for other purposes, such as for strain sensors using conductive threads and for visual interfaces using line optics.
An interactive object may be formed by forming a grid or array of conductive thread woven into an interactive textile, for example. Each conductive thread can include a conductive wire (e.g., a copper wire) that is twisted, braided, or wrapped with one or more flexible threads (e.g., polyester or cotton threads). It may be difficult, however, for traditional sensor designs with such conductive lines to detect a sufficient number of distinguishable inputs to provide a useful device. In order to detect complex and/or a larger number of inputs, complex array designs have traditionally been required.

Capacitive touch sensor with non-crossing conductive line pattern


Techniques for use in network incident identification are described. In response to an occurrence of an unknown network incident, a plurality of log messages (e.g. syslog messages) are received from a plurality of network components in one or more networks. In one illustrative example, a plurality of relationships between interfaces and events are derived from the received log messages and characterized as a plurality of graphical component relationships. One or more groups of connected components are determined from the graphical component relationships and network component connection data which indicate interface relationships of the network components. Here, groups of connected components may be logically joined based on the network component connection data indicating one or more interface relationships. A network incident may then be identified based on at least one of the determined groups of connected components being associated with at least one identified set of events that has the closest or substantial match with at least one predetermined set of events associated with the network incident.

Syslog is a protocol for message logging to generate and store log messages locally in a network device, and then forward them for collection, filtering, organization, and analysis. Network administrators may track and monitor such log messages to identify issues or problems in a network. Other types of message logging include streaming telemetry, Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), Command Line Interface (CLI) data collection, and network event traps.
As is apparent, message logging is a powerful tool that makes it easier for administrators to manage networks. One of the biggest challenges, however, is how to better analyze the large number of log messages received from numerous network devices in a network.
Accordingly, there is a need for advancing and improving analysis techniques in the above-described environment, as well as advancing and improving analysis techniques associated with other similar or even unrelated environments.
In accordance with common practice the various features illustrated in the drawings may not be drawn to scale. Accordingly, the dimensions of the various features may be arbitrarily expanded or reduced for clarity. In addition, some of the drawings may not depict all of the components of a given system, method or device. Finally, like reference numerals may be used to denote like features throughout the specification and figures.

Network incident identification based on characterizing relationships between interfaces and events as graphical component relationships


A system and method of determining a dynamic cursor advance time delay for a multi-tap key is disclosed. First, an elapsed time between a selection of a first key and a selection of a second key is measured. The measured elapsed time is then compared to a current cursor advance time delay. The current cursor advance time delay is then adjusted. In one embodiment, measuring the elapsed time between the selection of the first key and the selection of the second key includes averaging the elapsed time with previously recorded elapsed times.

The present invention relates to keyboard data entry methods and more particularly to a method an apparatus for entering data in keyboards with multi-tap keys.
Multi-tap keyboards are typically used in reduced keyboard applications such as telephones, pagers, personal digital assistants (PDAs) and any other device that has a keyboard or keypad with keys that have more than one function. For example, a typical telephone or cellular telephone includes a 12-key keyboard, keys xe2x80x9c1-9xe2x80x9d, xe2x80x9c0xe2x80x9d, xe2x80x9c*xe2x80x9d and xe2x80x9c#xe2x80x9d. Typically, keys xe2x80x9c2-9xe2x80x9d also include the alphabetical characters. Keys xe2x80x9c2-9xe2x80x9d are therefore multiple function/character keys. For example, typically the number xe2x80x9c2xe2x80x9d key also includes the letters xe2x80x9cAxe2x80x9d, xe2x80x9cBxe2x80x9d and xe2x80x9cCxe2x80x9d. Often a user desires to enter alphabetical data into the telephone such as for storing a name and a telephone number into a memory portion of the telephone. Large amounts of alphabetical data can often be required when the telephone is used to access the Internet, because the user must enter desired Internet addresses and other data on a selected Internet web site, such as personal and/or financial information when placing an order.
One type of multiple function/character keyboard is a multi-tap keyboard. FIG. 1 shows one method 100 of using a multi-tap keyboard. First a selected multi-tap key is pressed in block 104. Pressing a key starts a timer and displays the first character of the multi-tap key. For example, on the first press of the xe2x80x9c2, A, B, Cxe2x80x9d key, a xe2x80x9c2xe2x80x9d is displayed. Next, if the displayed character xe2x80x9c2xe2x80x9d is not the desired character, then the timer is checked in block 110. If the timer has expired, i.e. a cursor advance time delay has elapsed, then the displayed character is output in block 140 as the desired character and the cursor is advanced to the next character position. If the cursor advance time delay has not elapsed in block 110, and then the selected multi-tap key is pressed again in block 112, then the cursor advance time delay is reset and restarted and the subsequent character xe2x80x9cAxe2x80x9d is displayed in block 114. Next, the displayed character is examined again in block 108. Alternatively, the displayed character can also be a selected function and when the cursor advance time delay has expired the selected function is automatically executed.
Returning to block 108, if the displayed character xe2x80x9cAxe2x80x9d is the desired character, then the cursor advance time delay is checked in block 120. If the cursor advance time delay has elapsed, then the displayed character is output in block 140 and the cursor is advanced to the next character position.
For example, returning to the above example of the xe2x80x9c2, A, B, Cxe2x80x9d key, first pressing the xe2x80x9c2, A, B, Cxe2x80x9d key results in the xe2x80x9c2xe2x80x9d being displayed. If xe2x80x9c2xe2x80x9d is the desired character, then when the cursor advance time delay has elapsed, the xe2x80x9c2xe2x80x9d will be output and the cursor advanced to the next character position. If the xe2x80x9c2xe2x80x9d is not the desired character, and, before the cursor advance time delay has elapsed, the xe2x80x9c2, A, B, Cxe2x80x9d key is pressed yet again the xe2x80x9cAxe2x80x9d is displayed. If the xe2x80x9cAxe2x80x9d is the desired character, then when the cursor advance time delay has elapsed, the xe2x80x9cAxe2x80x9d will be output and the cursor advanced. If the xe2x80x9cAxe2x80x9d is not the desired character and, before the cursor advance time delay has elapsed, the xe2x80x9c2, A, B, Cxe2x80x9d key is pressed yet again and the xe2x80x9cBxe2x80x9d is displayed. If the xe2x80x9cBxe2x80x9d is the desired character, then when the cursor advance time delay has elapsed, the xe2x80x9cBxe2x80x9d will be output and the cursor advanced. If the xe2x80x9cBxe2x80x9d is not the desired character, and, before the timer expires, the xe2x80x9c2, A, B, Cxe2x80x9d key is pressed yet again and the xe2x80x9cCxe2x80x9d is displayed. In many multi-tap""systems, repeating the above-described process once more repeats the process of step;ping through the xe2x80x9c2, A, B, Cxe2x80x9d sequence as described above.
The cursor advance time delay described above is typically set to approximately 1.5 seconds. 1.5 seconds provides sufficient time for an average user to decide whether the displayed character is the desired character or not. Unfortunately, this default time also limits the absolute xe2x80x9ctypingxe2x80x9d or data entry speed on a multi-tap keyboard to approximately 1.5 seconds per keystroke. For users that have faster data-entry abilities, this 1.5 seconds per keystroke reduces the user friendliness and usefulness of the multi-tap device.
A system and method of determining a dynamic cursor advance time delay for a multi-tap key is disclosed. First, an elapsed time between a selection of a first key and a selection of a second key is measured. The measured elapsed time is then compared to a current cursor advance time delay. The current cursor advance time delay is then adjusted. In one embodiment, measuring the elapsed time between the selection of the first key and the selection of the second key includes averaging the elapsed time with previously recorded elapsed times.
In one embodiment the dynamic cursor advance time improves a user interface by substantially eliminating the requirement for a user to wait for a multi-tap key cursor advance delay because the delay is automatically adjusted to the user""s own personal multi-tap key data entry speed.

Variable time-out for multi-tap key entry


Provided is a phase-change RAM containing a substrate, a lower electrode, a phase-change material, an upper electrode and a thermal dissipation layer, wherein the thermal dissipation layer contains an aluminum-nitride thermal dissipation layer having a high heat conductivity, and the lower electrode contains a titanium-nitride electrode which generates a great amount of heat generated using a small amount of current and has a low heat conductivity, whereby heat generated between the phase-change material and the electrode is not transferred to the interior of a device but fast dissipated to the exterior thereof, so as to enable a high speed operation using low current and improve reliability of the device.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a phase-change Random Access Memory (RAM) containing a substrate, a lower electrode, a phase-change material, an upper electrode and a thermal dissipation layer, and particularly, to a phase-change RAM enabling high speed operation with a low current and having improved reliability.
2. Background of the Related Art
Development of next generation memory technologies to replace memory devices such as DRAMs, SRAMs, FLASH memories or the like in the field of semiconductor memories is actively being pursued. According to this trend, much attention is being devoted to a phase-change type RAM that employs a change of resistance which has simple structure and superior properties as compared with other types of next generation memories. Depending on upcoming developments, the phase-change RAM can be expected to replace FLASH memories and may further replace DRAMs and SRAMs, and accordingly to ultimately replace even auxiliary memory units.
The phase-change RAM, which applies heat to a particular material to change its phase and uses the change of its resistance, is a next generation type memory semiconductor for storing data by determining the resistance change according to the phase-change of the material. This phase-change RAM can facilitate the ensuring of operational properties as a stable memory. Also, the phase-change RAM has a characteristic that is not sensitive to changes caused by external conditions. For application as an optical memory, data writing and deleting are performed by heating the particular material using a laser beam to thusly change its phase. For application as an electrical memory, data writing and deleting are performed by heat generated by supplying current. Research for the phase-change RAM using the phase-change material has progressed for several years, but a commercialized product has not yet been released, and merely prototype memories for testing purposes are being fabricated.
The phase-change RAM under development uses a silicon dioxide film (SiO2) for dissipating heat that is generated from the phase-change material to the exterior of a device, as well as for providing electrical insulation between an upper electrode and a lower electrode. However, to use the SiO2 layer as an insulating layer, it has been found that the heat generated in an interface between the phase-change material and the lower electrode is not adequately dissipated to the exterior via the SiO2 layer positioned at an upper end of the lower electrode, but rather such heat is directly transferred to the interior of the device through an electrode material having a superior heat conductivity. Thus, when heat is not properly dissipated to the exterior but transferred to the interior of the device, undesirable heat accumulates within the device when set and reset operations are repeatedly performed, which may cause breakdown of the device. In addition, the SiO2 layer does not quickly dissipate heat to thereby increase the temperature of the overall device, and accordingly it takes a long time to cool the phase-change material, leading to undesirable lengthening of the reset time. Furthermore, when the reset operation is executed at a portion of the phase-change material, the reset is changed again in a set manner, which may cause problems during high speed operation and degrades the reliability of the device.
On the other hand, to achieve low power consumption and high integration of the phase-change RAM, it is preferable to reduce the surface area of the phase-change material which contacts with an electrode to thus generate the desired phase-change. However, due to a limitation of photolithography, there is a limitation in reducing the contact area in order to reduce power consumption. Accordingly, the characteristics of the electrode material and the thermal dissipation layer need to be improved to thusly obtain optimal properties of the phase-change material as much as possible, so as to actually improve the overall characteristics of the device.

Phase-change RAM containing AIN thermal dissipation layer and TiN electrode

Korea Institute of Science and Technology


Various implementations provided herein provide content on an optical see-through display using enhanced local contrast. In some implementations, the enhanced local contrast may be used to provide an apparent reduction in brightness (e.g., a shadow) or other visual effect. For example, the appearance of a virtual shadow of a virtual cup on a real table of a physical environment can be provided even though the brightness of the table cannot be reduced. The appearance of the shadow may be provided by selectively enhancing contrast that the user cognitively interprets to see a relatively “darker” area where the shadow should be (e.g., via an optical illusion/effect).

Virtual content may be included as part of content provided on optical see-through devices. For example, a user may see a real table of his or her physical environment through a see-through portion of a display and also see a virtual cup displayed on or reflected from that same see-through portion of the display. The virtual cup may be positioned and configured such that it appears to the user to be resting on top of a surface of the real table. The appearance of such virtual objects could be more realistic through the use of virtual shadows and other added realistic features. However, displaying such features is often not possible given the additive light characteristic of many see-through devices. For many such devices, virtual content is displayed on or reflected from a see-through display. The virtual content may be in front of real content and the light from the virtual content may add to the light reflected from the real content that is seen through the device. In such systems it is possible to make a virtual cup visible because displaying the virtual cup involves adding brightness to the underlying light of the table. In contrast, it is not possible to display negative light, for example, to display virtual content that makes a portion of the table appear darker to provide a virtual shadow of the virtual cup.


In an assembly for connecting an adapter shaft to a shaft in a force-fitting manner using a clamping ring, the clamping ring is mounted on the adapter shaft, the shaft is inserted into the adapter shaft, the clamping ring has a first radially uninterrupted threaded bore into which a first screw part is screwed, in particular a first threaded pin, which exerts pressure on the adapter shaft, the clamping ring has a second radially uninterrupted threaded bore into which a second screw part is screwed, in particular a second threaded pin, and the second screw part projects at least partially into a recess of the adapter shaft and in particular exerts pressure on the adapter shaft.

A shaft-hub connection is described in German Published Patent Application No. 10 2014 007 063 where an adapter shaft is connected to a shaft with the aid of a clamping ring.
Canadian Patent Document No. 203 835 994 describes another shaft-hub connection.
U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2015/0300414 describes a planetary gear having a transport lock for an input adapter shaft of a planetary gear.

Assembly for connecting an adapter shaft to a shaft in a force-fitting manner using a clamping ring


A die-to-die repeater circuit includes a transmit circuit coupled to a die-to-die interconnect, the transmit circuit including at least one flip flop to function as a part of a linear feedback shift register (LFSR) to transmit a value across the die-to-die interconnect for design for test (DFT) to check proper operation of the die-to-die interconnect, and a receive circuit coupled to the die-to-die interconnect, the receive circuit including at least one flip flop to function as part of a multiple input shift register (MISR).

The design of integrated circuits (ICs) has grown increasingly complex over time as it pursues greater computational throughput, efficiency and reduced power consumption. Interconnect scaling is a major barrier to improvements in IC performance. Interconnect scaling is a dominant contributor to circuit latency and power consumption. Three-dimensional (3-D) integration, particularly stacked 3-D ICs, is one technology based response to overcome this barrier. Compared to traditional two=dimensional (2-D) ICs, 3-D stacked ICs have significantly smaller average interconnect length, i.e., the distance between discrete ICs that are communicatively connected through an interconnect, which is a communication medium. The use of 3-D stacked ICs provides shorter interconnect length. As a result of the shorter interconnect length the 3-D stacked ICs have reduced power consumption and smaller form factors in comparison to a 2-D IC with similar computational capabilities.
ICs are often formed on a die (pl. Dice), which is a block of semiconducting material on which a given IC can be fabricated. Dice can be designed using different technologies. These die fabrication technologies can be integrated using 3-D stacking of ICs thereby improving system integration efficiency. This may be applied with any computing architecture including system on a chip (SOC) architectures.
As illustrated in FIG. 1, there are two approaches to stacking dies in 3-D space, namely "face-to-face" (F2F) bonding and "face-to-back" (F2B) bonding. In F2B bonding, the outermost metal layer of one die (the face) is connected to the TSV (through-silicon via) on the substrate layer of the other die (the back). By contrast, F2F bonding connects the two dice's metal layer through micro-bump, and TSV is dedicated to connect any primary input/output (IO) to package bump. A 'bump' in this context refers to an interface often in a connection package for interfacing a die with a package or housing for an IC or between a packaged IC and a circuit board or another packaged IC.
However, the use of these 3-D stacked ICs presents a new difficulty in testing the operation of each of the stacked ICs and the interconnects between them. The difficulty of testing these interconnects is a major obstacle to adopting 3D IC integration. This is due to limited test access, as well as thermal and power constraints.

Test architecture for die to die interconnect for three dimensional integrated circuits


A seat belt guide includes a main portion formed of a lower cover and an upper cover, a slide portion of a hanger is inserted into a hanger guide portion to slide in the front and rear directions of the hanger guide portion. Thus, guide positions of a seat belt can be changed. In the main portion, there is provided a spacer with upper flange and lower flanges, which is inserted into a slide hole of the slide portion, so that the slide portion is disposed between the upper and the lower flanges, and the hanger can be slid.

The invention relates to a seat belt guide for guiding a seat belt disposed to a rear seat, more particularly, a seat belt guide capable of adjusting an attaching position of a seat belt by changing a guide position of the seat belt.
A seat belt guide for guiding a seat belt applied around the shoulder of a passenger fed from a retractor located on the backside of a seat is provided to a rear seat of a passenger car. Heretofore, in the seat belt guide, since a position for guiding the seat belt is fixed, when a small passenger, such as an old person, wears the seat belt, the position of the seat belt attached to the upper half of the body relatively deviates upward, so that the seat belt can not be attached to a proper position.
On the other hand, in order to solve the above defects, a seat belt guide capable of adjusting the attaching position of the seat belt according to physical features of a passenger has been proposed by the present applicant (refer to Japanese Patent Application 2000-185893).
In a seat belt guide 100 shown in FIG. 13, a hanger 106 sliding in the front and rear directions, i.e. in the arrow F-R directions in the drawing, is disposed on the front surface side of a main portion formed of an upper cover 102 and a lower cover 104. A seat belt (not shown) is inserted into a belt insertion hole 110 of a guide portion 108 formed at a front end of the hanger 106 and a guide position is moved in the front and rear directions, so that the attaching position of the seat belt can be adjusted.
Also, the hanger 106 has a structure such that a slide portion 112 is inserted into a hanger guide portion 114 formed of the upper cover 102 and the lower cover 104, and is slidably supported by a mechanism including a shoulder bolt 118 inserted into a slide hole 116, a push nut (washer) 120, a spring 122 disposed on a lower side of the slide portion 112, a metal spacer 124 around which the spring 122 is fitted, a spring guide (upper) 126 and a spring guide (lower) 128. Thus, the slide portion 112 can be moved in the front and rear directions of the slide hole 116.
Further, in the seat belt guide 100, when the hanger 106 is drawn forward, the side of a guide portion 108 is urged in an arrow A direction (in a direction of a compartment side) by a force of the spring 122, so that even if the seat belt is, for example, strongly pulled, the hanger 106 is swung to a side opposite to the urging direction to thereby relieve the impact and prevent a damage from taking place.
However, in the seat belt guide 100 as described above, since there are used many parts, such as an exclusive shoulder bolt 118, push nut 120, spacer 124, spring guide (upper) 126 and spring guide (lower) 128, for a supporting mechanism for guiding the hanger 106, the cost becomes high and its assembling work becomes complicated.
Also, since the upper cover 102 and the lower cover 104 have a structure fixed by a screw 130, its workability is not good.
In view of the above defects, the present invention has been made and an object of the invention is to provide a seat belt guide, wherein the number of parts of a mechanism capable of adjusting an attaching position of a seat belt can be reduced to thereby decrease its cost and, at the same time, its assembling workability can be improved.
Further objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description of the invention.
According to the first aspect of the invention, a seat belt guide guides a seat belt fed from a retractor disposed on a rear side of a seat and attached obliquely across an upper half of a body of a passenger sitting on the seat near the shoulder of the passenger, and has a moving device for moving a guide position in front and rear directions of the seat. The seat belt guide includes a slide hole provided to the moving device and extending in its moving direction; a supporting pole fixed to the seat in a state inserted into the slide hole; and a plurality of flanges integrally formed with the supporting pole to act as a stopper with respect to the slide hole.
In the invention according to the first aspect, the seat belt fed from the rear side of the seat is attached obliquely across the upper half of the body of the passenger sitting on the seat in a state where only one side of passenger""s shoulders is girded. From the state, when the guide position for guiding an upper end side of the attaching portion of the seat belt is shifted to the front side of the seat by the moving device provided to the seat belt guide, an angle of the seat belt attached to the upper half of the body becomes shallower than that in the ordinary case on the upper end side of the attaching portion of the seat belt, so that an overlapping amount to the body is decreased. Thus, the tightening force of the seat belt becomes weak or is released at the upper portion of the upper half of the body, i.e. near the shoulder, so that the seat belt is attached on the side of the abdominal region with the breast as a center.
Therefore, even if a smaller passenger wears the seat belt, there is no case that the seat belt is wound around the upper portion of the upper half of the body, so that without relatively changing the attaching height of the seat belt, the seat belt can be properly attached.
Also, the moving device can slide along the slide hole under the guide of the flanges of the supporting pole acting as a stopper which is inserted into the slide hole. As described above, since the supporting pole integrally formed with the flanges guides and supports the moving device, the spacer and a plurality of guide members used in the conventional seat belt guide are not required. Thus, the mechanism of the moving device can be simplified to thereby reduce the number of parts, which results in a cheap cost and improved assembling workability.
In the invention according to the second aspect, the supporting pole in the seat belt guide according to the first aspect has a cylindrical shape, which is fixed to the seat by a tapping screw.
In the invention according to the second aspect, since the supporting pole has the cylindrical shape, the supporting pole can be fixed by a screw member, such as a normal tapping screw, instead of a conventional expensive shoulder bolt. Thus, the cost can be reduced.
In the invention according to the third aspect, at least one of the flanges located on both sides of the slide hole has a width smaller than a hole width of the slide hole in the seat belt guide according to the first aspect.
In the invention according to the third aspect, when the supporting pole is assembled to the slide hole of the moving device, since the width of the flange is smaller than the hole width of the slide hole, the supporting pole can be easily assembled to the slide hole by inserting the flange into the slide hole.
In the invention according to the fourth aspect, in the seat belt guide according to the first aspect, a main portion of the seat belt guide is formed of separated two cover members, one of the cover members includes an engaging portion integrally formed therewith, and the other cover member includes a portion integrally formed therewith to be engaged by the engaging portion in a state where both cover members are assembled.
In the invention according to the fourth aspect, when the two cover members constituting the main portion of the seat belt guide are assembled, the engaging portion integrally formed with one of the cover members engages the portion to be engaged formed integrally with the other cover member to thereby fix. Thus, the assembling work of both cover members can be simplified.


To improve stability of catalytic performance, an aromatizing catalyst for converting lower hydrocarbons into aromatic compounds is regenerated. A regeneration process of the aromatizing catalyst according to the present invention includes the steps of: (a) reacting the aromatizing catalyst with a hydrogen gas in an atmosphere containing the hydrogen gas after using the aromatizing catalyst in an aromatizing reaction for converting lower hydrocarbons into aromatic compounds; (b) decreasing a temperature of the atmosphere containing the hydrogen gas reacted with the aromatizing catalyst, by supplying one of an inert gas and a reducing gas to the atmosphere; (c) reacting the aromatizing catalyst reacted with this inert gas, with an oxidizing gas; and (d) reacting the aromatizing catalyst reacted with the oxidizing gas, with a reducing gas.

Catalysts that have been considered to be effective are those as disclosed in "JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS" (1997, vol. 165, pp. 150-161) and Japanese Patent Provisional Publications Nos. 10-272366 and 11-60514, in which the catalysts are capable of producing hydrogen and aromatic compounds such as benzene from methane in one stage.
However, the coke formation is still serious even if such catalysts are used, with which the catalytic performance declines in a short time. Additionally, there exists a problem that a methane conversion rate (or a ratio of methane used to produce aromatic compounds and hydrogen) is low.
In view of the above, some processes for solving the above problems are disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 9 and the like, in which a lower hydrocarbon aromatization catalyst on which molybdenum or a metal component consisting of molybdenum and other is loaded produces aromatic compounds from methane. According to such processes, reaction is made with the addition of hydrogen, carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide and therefore coking (carbon formation or methane-decomposing reaction) can be suppressed so as to maintain the catalytic activity for a long period of time. Particularly in a catalyst-producing process as disclosed in Patent Document 6, a metallosilicate is subjected to a surface treatment with silica so that the catalytic activity is stabilized.
However, a further development in such catalysts is desired in order to further improve the production efficiency of aromatic compounds and hydrogen, and additionally drawbacks have been encountered in the above conventional techniques. Even with the above conventional techniques, the formation rate of aromatic hydrocarbons (such as benzene) is currently not so high as to perfectly suppress the coke formation that gradually develops with a lapse of time. More specifically, a decrease in formation of aromatic hydrocarbons particularly benzene) is grown.    Patent document 1: Japanese Patent Provisional Publication No. 2005-254122    Patent document 2: Japanese Patent Provisional Publication No. 2005-254121    Patent document 3: Japanese Patent Provisional Publication No. 2006-263682    Patent document 4: Japanese Patent Provisional Publication No. 2005-254120    Patent document 5: Japanese Patent Provisional Publication No. 2006-263683    Patent document 6: Japanese Patent Provisional Publication No. 2007-014894    Patent document 7: Japanese Patent Provisional Publication No. 2005-255605    Patent document 8: International Publication No. WO05/028105    Patent document 9: International Publication No. WO06/011568

Method of regenerating lower hydrocarbon aromatizing catalyst


A gateway comprises a transceiver configured to receive a sequence of data packets on a Radio Access Bearer, RAB, from a core network, a processor configured to obtain a first distribution of the received sequence of data packets into a first sub-sequence of data packets and at least a second sub-sequence of data packets, wherein the transceiver is configured to forward the first sub-sequence of data packets on the RAB to a master access node, forward the second sub-sequence of data packets on the RAB to a secondary access node. The master access node comprises a processor, a transceiver configured to receive a first sub-sequence of data packets of a sequence of data packets carried by a RAB from a gateway, wherein the RAB is associated with a user device, and to forward at least one part of the first sub-sequence of data packets on the RAB to the user device.

Radio access networks are rapidly becoming increasingly denser and heterogeneous as we move towards 5G. In the future, network architectures will support Heterogeneous Network (HetNet) deployments in which an anchor node provides wide area coverage, signalling and possibly data plane connectivity, whilst subtended small cells offer high bandwidth user plane links to user devices. In this context, a user device can maintain at least two data plane radio links having the possibility to be simultaneously receiving data packets from both nodes.
The anchor node is commonly referred to as the Master eNB (MeNB) since it also provides control plane connectivity for the user device via a Radio Resource Control (RRC) radio link. On the contrary, the small cell nodes are referred to as Secondary eNBs (SeNB) solely providing data plane transmissions. Different realizations of this concept are available in the prior art which are thoroughly described in the following section of this disclosure.
For LTE HetNet deployments, 3GPP LTE Release 12 specifies Dual Connectivity (DC) between macro cell MeNBs and small cell SeNBs operating on different frequency bands and being interconnected via non ideal backhaul (i.e. X2 interface). Specifically, LTE DC is supported by two different network architectures, namely the 3C and 1A architecture.
In the 3C DC architecture a Serving Gateway (S-GW) routes all data packets of a user device Radio Access Bearer (RAB) to the MeNB over the S1 interface. Thereafter, the MeNB is responsible for determining a split of the data packets between the traffic ratio to be sent to the user device via the MeNB and the SeNB, respectively. The packet-level RAB splitting decision takes place at the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer of the MeNB and PDCP packets are forwarded to the SeNB over the X2 interface. The SeNB queues the received packets and determines when to schedule their transmission to the user device. The weakness of the existing solution is that packet transmissions from the SeNB incur delays of tenths of milliseconds due to the packet forwarding over the X2 interface, a fact that naturally increases the latency of the data plane.
Unlike 3C DC, the 1A DC architecture solely supports RAB splitting at a RAB granularity performed by the S-GW. The S-GW routes each RAB of the user device either to the MeNB or to the SeNB. No packet forwarding from the MeNB towards the SeNB takes place over the X2 interface, and packets belonging to the same RAB are transmitted to the user device only by a single eNB (either the MeNB or SeNB depending on the splitting decision at the S-GW). The 1A architecture is suitable for steering RABs based on their traffic type. For instance, a RAB with strict Quality of Service (QoS) requirements could be routed to the MeNB while best-effort data traffic RAB could be routed to the SeNB. However, the technical problem of this solution is that it limits the aggregated bandwidth allocated to packet transmissions belonging to the same RAB since the user device is only scheduled by a single network node.
In an additional related conventional solution, the LTE SeNB is further co-located with a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) access point or Licensed Assisted Access (LAA). The control plane RRC connection is still anchored to the LTE MeNB and the user device can have up to three data plane connections (one with the MeNB and two with the SeNB). Specifically, the architecture reuses the 3C split-bearer concept meaning that the MeNB receives the RAB packet flow from the S-GW; determining a ratio of the packet flow to be forwarded to the SeNB over the X2 interface. Thereby, this conventional solution inherits the drawback of the 3C DC architecture, which is the data plane latency increase owing to the mandatory packet forwarding over the X2 interface.

Gateway, master access node and methods thereof


A rear underbody is provided for a vehicle with a rear frame structure, a floor structure forming the floor for the footwell of the vehicle and with a termination structure delimiting the footwell to the rear. It is provided that the rear frame structure extends at least partially forward and beyond the termination structure.

An underbody of the body is usual with vehicles, particularly motor vehicles. Such an underbody is usually realized with so-called small cars as well as with vehicles of larger vehicle classes.
As part of a cost-effective manufacture of vehicles, particularly small passenger cars, the aim is that as many parts and components of the body structure of the vehicle as possible can be used from the next larger vehicle class when developing new models. A further aim is that with the manufacture of the vehicle the assembly sequence, as already exists with the manufacture of vehicles of the next larger vehicle class, is retained. The vehicles can then be constructed on the production line for vehicles of the next larger vehicle class.
Such a cost-effective manufacture of the vehicles is countered in that many parts and components for vehicles of the next larger vehicle class are not suitable for use with a smaller vehicle, since these have dimensions that are too large. For example, the side members of the rear frame structure for a vehicle of the next larger vehicle class are usually longer than the side members of the rear frame structure of a small car.
Therefore, at least one object is to provide a rear underbody with the features mentioned at the outset, through which the manufacture of a vehicle on a production line for vehicles of a next larger vehicle class is made possible. In the process, as many parts and components of vehicles of a next larger vehicle class as possible are to be utilizable. In addition, other objects, desirable features and characteristics will become apparent from the subsequent summary and detailed description, and the appended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and this background.


A system and method for providing call mobility for a dual-mode phone between a cellular network and a home wireless network for a dual-mode phone having a cellular identity and a home identity, wherein the home identity is active when the dual-mode phone is in communication with the home wireless network. The system comprises a residential gateway to connect the home wireless network to a public network, and a VoIP service provider in communication with a mobile switching center on the cellular network and the public network. After placing or receiving a call, the dual-mode phone sends a signal to the residential gateway to initiate the movement of the call between the cellular network and the home wireless network while the call is ongoing.

In residential home construction and remodeling it has recently become common to install wiring to provide broadband data communication access to the Internet. The broadband data communication may utilize cable, fiber optic, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) wiring, and the like.
It has also become common for residential homes to include a local area network (LAN) that connects to the broadband data communication access. Traditionally, a LAN in a residential home connected each component with a physical wire; however, residential homes are increasingly using wireless communications to connect some of the LAN components and creating a wireless LAN (WLAN).
A residential gateway (RG) is typically known as a hardware device that connects a LAN or WLAN with a wide area network (WAN) such as the Internet. The residential gateway provides port translation thereby allowing all of the computers in a small network to share one Internet Protocol (IP) address and Internet connection. The residential gateway may be located between the modem and the LAN, or a DSL or cable modem may be integrated into the residential gateway. A residential gateway often combines the functions of an IP router, multi-port Ethernet switch and WLAN access point. Residential gateways that include routing capabilities are converged devices and sometimes referred to as home routers or broadband routers, where "broadband" refers not to the router function, but the Internet access function.
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) which is generally referred to the routing of voice conversations over the Internet or through any other IP-based network. The popularity of VoIP is increasing as more consumers are adding an extra telephone line to a home or office.
A dual-mode phone is typically referred to as a phone which uses more than one technique for sending and receiving voice and data. There are currently three types of dual mode phones, mobile phones containing two types of cellular radios for voice and data, mobile phones containing both cellular and non-cellular radios used for voice and data communication, and wired phones with VoIP and plain old telephone service (POTS) technology. Thus, dual-mode phones are breaking away from being merely prototypes to being used both in wireless VoIP networks, as well as, cellular networks.
There is currently no solution that will enable fixed mobile convergence between wireless VoIP networks and cellular networks without upgrading the network infrastructure of either the VoIP provider or cellular networks. Thus, there is a need for a mobility solution that will reside in the residential gateway inside the customer's premises, and that will enable dual-mode phones to move existing calls seamlessly between a home VoIP network and a cellular network.
Skilled artisans will appreciate that elements in the figures are illustrated for simplicity and clarity and have not necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some of the elements in the figures may be exaggerated relative to other elements to help to improve understanding of embodiments of the present invention.

System and method for fixed mobile convergence using a residential gateway apparatus


The present invention is a novel fluid thrust bearing system and method for assembling the same. When used in an indicating instrument, the fluid thrust bearing of the present invention reduces the number of necessary parts and simplifies assembly when compared to the prior art. A rotatable element is disposed in a close-fitting cavity so as to define a small gap between the element and the cavity walls, and a fluid is disposed in that gap to the substantial exclusion of air. The fluid damps the rotational movement of the rotatable element. In addition, adhesive forces among the fluid, rotatable element, and cavity walls and cohesive forces within the fluid help maintain the rotatable element in the cavity. Moreover, due to the substantial exclusion of air in the gap, when an axial separating force is applied between the rotatable element and the cavity walls, the resultant tensile stress of the fluid causes a slight stretching of the fluid and creates a negative (vacuum) pressure further preventing the rotatable element from moving axially out of the cavity.

The present invention relates to a fluid thrust bearing apparatus wherein a rotatable element is prevented from moving axially out of a close-fitting cavity by cohesive and adhesive forces of a liquid disposed between the rotatable element and the cavity walls and negative (vacuum) pressure created when the rotatable element is axially stressed.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to the field of thrust bearings used to prevent axial movement of a shaft disposed in a cavity.
2. Description of Related Art
Most indicating instruments (e.g., ammeters, Bourdon tube pressure gauges, etc.) include a shaft, which rotates between radial and thrust bearings. The radial and thrust bearings prevent radial and axial movement of the shaft. The shaft is connected to a pointer that is juxtaposed against a dial, and the amount of shaft rotation correlates to the value of the parameter being measured (e.g., electrical current, pressure, etc.). In this way, the pointer indicates on the dial the value of the parameter.
Most indicating instruments are inexpensive. It is therefore critical that the number of parts are kept to a minimum. Further, it is preferred that manufacturing procedures are simplified to minimize labor costs. The elimination of even a single thrust bearing can provide a significant advantage to indicating instrument manufacturers.
The mechanism employed to create shaft rotation in a particular indicating instrument depends on the parameter being measured. For example, moving-magnet indicating instruments are well known for measuring electrical current. A movingmagnet indicating instrument of the cross-coil type is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,095,266, which was issued to Yukio Ohike, et al. on Mar. 10, 1992. That patent discloses a pair of mutually perpendicular coils surrounding a magnetized rotor. The rotor is disposed in a cavity and connected to a shaft and associated pointer. Currents that vary with the momentary magnitude of the parameter being measured flow through the coils creating a correspondingly varying magnetic field. The magnetic field created by the current causes proportional rotation by the rotor and, in turn, the shaft and pointer.
By contrast, a "Bourdon tube" apparatus can be used to measure pressure. A Bourdon tube is a curved tube that is closed on one end and connected at its open end to the pressurized cavity to be analyzed. Pressure in the cavity deforms the tube, and the deformation of the tube is mechanically translated into rotation of a gear shaft. The gear shaft is coupled to a pointer, which indicates the measured pressure on a dial.
Most indicating instruments are characterized by low inertia and low friction, thus necessitating damping means. Typically, damping is provided by fluid, such as silicone oil, disposed between the rotating shaft or rotor and the walls of the cavity in which it sits. Unfortunately, most suitable damping fluids tend to migrate through the clearance between the pointer shaft and the instrument housing. This can cause the damping fluid to escape the instrument entirely or migrate into areas of the instrument where it is not desired, such as the pointer, the dial face, or the lens of the instrument. Applicant's U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/146,741, filed Sep. 3, 1998, which is herein incorporated by reference, describes preferred "migration barriers" that can be used to prevent unwanted migration of damping fluid.
Another common characteristic of electrical and mechanical indicating instruments is that the shaft connected to the pointer must be prevented from moving axially. In most indicating instruments, axial movement is prevented by two physical thrust bearings--mechanical barriers to axial movement of the shaft in either direction. Alternatively, some prior art instruments discourage axial movement magnetically. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,710,706, which issued to Robert Krupa on Dec. 1, 1987; U.S. Pat. No. 3,013,210, which issued to Peter Wargo on Dec. 12, 1961; and U.S. Pat. No. 2,867,768, which issued to Austin E. Fibrance, et al., on Jan. 19, 1953, describe the use of a holding magnet to hold a magnetized shaft or rotor against a single thrust bearing, thereby preventing axial movement.
The holding magnets disclosed in these patents also bias control the magnetized shaft and return the pointer to the zero position after electrical input to the measuring device is cut off. This combination of a magnetic thrust bearing and a return-to-zero mechanism reduces the number of necessary parts for the instrument. However, a holding magnet is an inappropriate return-to-zero mechanism for some indicating instruments. For example, the shaft used in a mechanical indicating instrument, such as a Bourdon tube pressure gauge, is usually not magnetized and cannot be controlled with a magnet. Moreover, a variety of other return-to-zero mechanisms (e.g., hairsprings) are available that may be advantageous in certain applications.
What is needed is an apparatus for preventing axial movement of a rotatable element that reduces the number of necessary parts, e.g., by eliminating the need for a holding magnet or one of the two separate mechanical thrust bearings employed in the prior art.
What is needed is a thrust bearing that damps rotational movement of a rotatable element while also preventing axial movement.
What is needed is an apparatus for preventing axial movement of a rotatable element that can be employed in any indicating instrument, including electrical and mechanical indicating instruments.
What is needed is an apparatus for preventing axial movement of a rotatable element that can be employed in an indicating instrument with any return-to-zero mechanism.

Fluid thrust bearing for indicating instruments and the like


A lag time is set in a period from the time when a leak down is finished to the time when measurement of the amount of fuel vapor is started for the purpose of returning a deformed fuel tank to its original shape. A fuel vapor amount estimating means is provided that estimates the amount of fuel vapor produced in the fuel tank during the time of the leak down. This means is so set as to make the lag time shorter as the amount of fuel vapor increases. With this, undesired precision in measuring the amount of fuel vapor produced under a condition wherein the amount of fuel vapor is large can be avoided.

In a fuel vapor treatment device for an internal combustion engine, the fuel vapor in a fuel tank is led into a canister to be temporarily adsorbed by the same, and the fuel vapor adsorbed by the canister is then led into an intake system of an internal combustion engine through a purge valve together with fresh air introduced from a fresh air inlet opening, thereby suppressing the escape of fuel vapor to open air.
In fuel vapor treatment devices of the type mentioned hereinabove, if the piping of a purge line extending from the fuel tank to the purge valve through the canister is cracked or poorly sealed at the joint portion of the piping, leakage of the fuel vapor is induced, preventing the fuel vapor treatment device from exhibiting sufficient fuel vapor escape suppression performance.
There are known leak diagnostic devices. For example, Japanese Laid-open Patent Application (Tokkaihei) 6-173789, discloses a leak diagnostic device that diagnoses or checks whether there is a leak of fuel vapor from the purge line or not by the change in pressure. The device performs a leak down detection operation wherein a predetermined amount of engine negative pressure is introduced, the purge line is hermetically closed up, and a determination is made whether there is a leak based on the change in pressure of the purge line. After the hermetical closing-up of the purge line, the internal pressure changes due to continuous vaporization of fuel in the fuel tank. The negative pressure change caused by the leak down is measured, and the interior of the purge line is exposed to the atmospheric air. The purge line is hermetically closed again, and the increase of internal pressure in the piping caused by the atmospheric pressure is detected to perform a vapor monitoring treatment for measuring a production speed of the fuel vapor. Based on the result of the measurement, the pressure variation at the leak down is corrected to increase leak detection performance.

Leak diagnostic device for fuel vapor treatment device


The technology disclosed herein pertains to a system for data integrity verification that is optimized at unit level. One or more implementations of such system include a method including identifying a first unit boundary in data block received from a client at an application layer, the unit boundary indicating end of a first unit of data, generating an intermediate checksum for the first unit of data at the application layer, receiving a second unit of data of the data block at the application layer, and generating a final checksum with an intermediate checksum as a basis and the second unit of data.

Different computer system configuration have been provided to offer managed cloud services to customers. With managed cloud services, a provider of computing services has engineers who manage not only the customers' computing, storage, networks, and operating systems, but also the complex tools and application stacks that run on top of that infrastructure. In a managed cloud, it is paramount to provide a secure, traceable, and trusted computing environment via technical measures. Processes including authentication, authorization, and accounting, enforced by software or other technical elements, are considered important for effective network management and security.

Data integrity verification optimized at unit level


An object of the present invention is to provide a power module having high reliability. The power module according to the present invention, includes a circuit body and a case housing the circuit body. The case has a first case member including a first base plate and a second case member including a second base plate. The first case member has a first side wall portion formed in an arrangement direction of the first base plate and the second base plate. The second case member has a second side wall portion formed in the arrangement direction, the second side wall portion coupling to the first side wall portion. The first side wall portion and the second side wall portion are formed so as to have the sum of lengths of the first side wall portion and the second side wall portion in the arrangement direction smaller than the thickness of the circuit body. The first case member has a deforming portion smaller than the first base plate and the second base plate in rigidity.

A power conversion device including a power module having a power semiconductor module housed in a metal-made case having a heat dissipating unit, has been known. For example, electric vehicles, such as electric motor vehicles or hybrid motor vehicles, are equipped with this type of power conversion device.
The power semiconductor module is sealed with resin in a state where both front and back surfaces of a power semiconductor element have been soldered to conductive plates and electrode terminals have been exposed. The metal-made case has heat dissipating units to be attached to the respective conductive plates with an insulating adhesive having thermal conductivity, on both sides thereof. Each of the heat dissipating units includes a plurality of fins for dissipating heat, formed thereon. The metal-made case has a bottomed-can-shape including an opening on the side of one side end portion, with a flange portion. The power semiconductor module is housed in the metal-made case in a state where the electrode terminals of the power semiconductor element have been inserted through the opening of the metal-made case.
This metal-made case has a structure having a frame and two fin plates each including the plurality of fins formed, joined to each other. The frame includes openings facing front and back surfaces of a circuit body including the power semiconductor elements sealed with the adhesive, formed thereon. The openings include the pair of fin plates each having the plurality of fins, arranged and joined therein (for example, refer to PTL 1).
In this type of power semiconductor device, it is necessary to release heat generated by the power semiconductor element during conducting operation, to the exterior through a heat dissipating member. Therefore, when tensile stress occurs in the insulating adhesive under operating conditions in which thermal cycles are loaded, there is a risk that detachment occurs at a coupling interface. Therefore, a technique of causing compressive stress to remain in the insulating adhesive, has been disclosed (for example, refer to PTL 2).


A method and apparatus estimate a delay of buffer data of a User Equipment (UE) in a mobile communication system. A message comprising the size of buffer data is received from a UE. The size of the buffer data of the UE is distributed into a plurality of groups based on a time point of receiving the message comprising the size of the buffer data of the UE. A delay for each of the plurality of groups is estimated using a time interval of execution of delay estimation for the buffer data of the UE.

In the Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, a next-generation mobile communication system, a UE reports a buffer status for uplink (UL) data to an evolved Node B (eNB) before transmitting the UL data to the eNB. That is, in the LTE system, the UE sends a BSR message indicating the size of the UL data to the eNB, whereby the eNB allocates UL resources to the UE, enabling UL data transmission of the UE.
In the LTE system, one user UE includes a plurality of logical channels and manages a buffer by each logical channel. Accordingly, the BSR message includes buffer status information on a Logical Channel Group (LCG) that is a group of one or more logical channels. This is to decrease an overhead resulting from transmission of the BSR message.
The BSR message may be divided into a short BSR and a long BSR according to the included information. FIGS. 1A and 1B illustrate constructions of the BSR message. FIG. 1A illustrates the short BSR including a buffer status for one LCG. The short BSR is composed of information of an Identifier (LCG ID) of the one LCG and the size of a buffer corresponding to the LCG. FIG. 1B illustrates the long BSR including a buffer status for four LCGs. The long BSR is composed of information of the size of a buffer of each of the four LCGs. Here, the number of LCGs included in the long BSR is fixed to '4', so no problem occurs although the long BSR does not include information of an ID of each LCG.
An eNB performs UL scheduling for a corresponding UE using the above BSR message. Here, the eNB needs delay information on buffer data of each UE so as to meet a Quality of Service (QoS) level required by a corresponding service. But, as illustrated in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the BSR message of the UE includes only the buffer size information, and therefore the eNB has to perform a separate process of estimating a delay of buffer data using the BSR message.
But, the standard does not specify a scheme of estimating the delay of the buffer data of the UE. Also, when an error occurs while estimating the delay of the buffer data of the UE, this causes the performance of a scheduling algorithm to deteriorate. Thus, there is a need to provide an accurate delay estimation technique.

Method and apparatus for estimating delay of buffer data of UE in a mobile communication system


A method for assigning a remote control to an ambulatory medical device includes generating and transmitting user inputs from a remote control to an ambulatory medical device, and receiving and processing the user inputs to determine whether the user inputs represent a sequence authorizing an assignment of the remote control to the ambulatory medical device.

1. Field of Inventions
The present inventions relate generally to remote controls and ambulatory medical systems including remote controls.
2. Description of the Related Art
Many medical systems include a therapeutic device and a remote control with a plurality of buttons that allows a physician, technician or patient to provide an instruction to the therapeutic device by way of a telemetric signal. A remote control may, for example, be provided in combination with an ambulatory medical device such as an implantable infusion device or an implantable stimulation device. Implantable infusion devices frequently include a housing, a medication reservoir, a catheter with a discharge end, a pump or other fluid transfer device that moves the medication from the reservoir to the discharge end of the catheter, a telemetric communication device and a therapeutic device. Implantable stimulation devices may include a housing, electrodes, a source of stimulation energy, a telemetric communication device and a therapeutic device. In either case, the controller may be configured to provide basal delivery of medication or stimulation energy in accordance with instructions provided by the physician. The controller may also be configured to provide bolus delivery in response to an instruction from the patient. Such a "bolus" instruction, which can be communicated to the implantable device by way of a remote control, may come in response to a high glucose level measurement in the case of a diabetic patient, an increase in pain level in the case of a pain management patient, or some other symptom that is associated with the particular medical condition that the therapeutic device is intended to treat.
The present inventors have determined that one issue associated with the use of remote controls in medical systems, especially remote controls carried by patients, is associating (or "marrying") a specific remote control with a specific ambulatory medical device for the purpose of permitting bolus or other commands to be sent by the remote control device to the ambulatory medical device. More specifically, the present inventors have determined that known remote control devices for ambulatory medical devices are often overly complex with respect to both the user interface that they provide (e.g., too many buttons) and the procedures that they require in order to marry a new remote control device to an ambulatory medical device (e.g., when a remote is lost or misplaced).

Method, apparatus and system for assigning remote control device to ambulatory medical device


Embodiments of a method and apparatus for determining a substrate exchange position in a processing system are provided. In one embodiment, a method of determining a substrate exchange position in a processing system includes determining an initial exchange position within a processing chamber, and resolving a change in the exchange position. The step of resolving may further include the step of sensing a change in temperature of a facet of a transfer chamber having the processing chamber coupled thereto, sensing a change in a state of the system, or sensing a change in position of the processing chamber, among others.

1. Field of the Invention
The embodiments of the invention generally relate to a method and apparatus for determining relative chamber positions in a semiconductor processing system.
2. Background of the Related Art
Semiconductor substrate processing is typically performed by subjecting a substrate to a plurality of sequential processes to create devices, conductors and insulators on the substrate. Each of these processes is generally performed in a process chamber configured to perform a single step of the production process. In order to efficiently complete the entire sequence of processing steps, a number of process chambers are typically coupled to a central transfer chamber that houses a robot to facilitate transfer of the substrate between the process chambers. A semiconductor processing platform having this configuration is generally known as a cluster tool, examples of which are the families of AKT PECVD, PRODUCER®, CENTURA® and ENDURA® processing platforms available from Applied Materials, Inc., of Santa Clara, Calif.
Generally, a cluster tool comprises a central transfer chamber having a robot disposed therein. The transfer chamber is generally surrounded by one or more process chambers. The process chambers are generally utilized to process the substrate, for example, performing various processing steps such as etching, physical vapor deposition, ion implantation, lithography and the like. The transfer chamber is sometimes coupled to a factory interface that houses a plurality of removable substrate storage cassettes, each of which houses a plurality of substrates. To facilitate transfer of a substrate between a vacuum environment of the transfer chamber and a generally ambient environment of the factory interface, a load lock chamber is disposed between the transfer chamber and the factory interface.
In flat panel processing, glass substrates such as those utilized to fabricate computer monitors, large screen televisions and displays for PDAs and cell phones and the like, are becoming dramatically larger as the demand for flat panels increases. For example, glass substrates utilized for flat panel fabrication have increased in area from 550 mm×650 mm to 1500 mm×1800 mm in just a few years, and are envisioned to exceed four square meters in the near future.
To accommodate processing such large area substrates, processing systems have also increased in size. For example, the internal diameter of a transfer chamber utilized to move such large substrates between processing chambers in a typical cluster tool has increased from about 80 to about 135 inches to accommodate the substrate size. The additional size and mass of the larger transfer chambers make these chambers more susceptible to deformation due to thermal effects. Chamber deformation may result in changes in position of the surrounding processing chambers relative to the center of the transfer chamber from which robotic motions during substrate transfer are referenced.
As the position of the processing chamber moves, the accuracy and repeatability of substrate placement during transfers between the transfer chamber and the processing chamber diminishes. In some cases, the accuracy and repeatability of substrate placement may exceed the substrate placement tolerances required to ensure good processing results and prevent substrate damage during transfer (e.g. due to misplacement of the substrate on either a substrate support within the processing chamber or on the robot's end effector when retrieving a substrate from the processing chamber). With the increased number of devices formed on large area substrates due to both increased device density and larger substrate areas, the value of each substrate has greatly increased. Accordingly, damage to the substrate or yield loss due to non-conformity because of substrate misalignment is highly undesirable.
The change in relative position between the processing and transfer chambers may be further aggravated as different processing chambers surrounding the transfer chamber change in temperature. For example, a processing chamber configured to perform a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) process may operate at a temperature of about 400 degrees Celsius, which may heat an adjoining facet of the transfer chamber to about 75 degrees Celsius. If the temperature of the PECVD processing chamber is decreased for service or other reasons, the reduced thermal load will cause the transfer chamber to contract, which may change the position and orientation of the facet relative the transfer chamber's centerline. Other facets positioned around the transfer chamber may be similarly affected.
In a steady state thermal condition, the relative positions between the processing chambers and transfer chambers are known, thereby allowing robot movement to be calibrated. However, changes in the thermal attributes of any of the chambers may cause the substrate exchange position in any chamber to move from its calibrated position, thereby greatly increasing the probability of substrate misalignment during transfers. An inaccurately positioned substrate is susceptible to damage during transfer and prevents repetitive device fabrication with low defect rates. Consequently, it would be beneficial to know or predict any change in relative position between chambers to ensure proper substrate placement.
Therefore, there is a need for an improved method and apparatus for determining a substrate exchange position to enable accurate and repeatable substrate transfers in cluster tools.

Method and apparatus for determining a substrate exchange position in a processing system


Disclosed are systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer readable media for quickly and efficiently providing individual-level scores that are serve as more-accurate predictions of a target event. These predictions are made using a model that factors specific variables based on transaction attributes gathered from transaction data for the individual, which may be exclusive to certain entities. These individual-level scores can be updated and periodically uploaded to an entity (e.g., a reporting agency) that can utilize existing infrastructure to quickly provide these scores to any requesters.

Many business entities may desire certain information about their customers before deciding to enter into transactions with them. For instance, it may be desirable to perform a credit check for a customer before performing a transaction by inquiring a credit reporting agency for information about the customer (e.g., a credit score, the likelihood the customer will default, and so forth).
In return, the credit reporting agency may provide that information, which is often based on their own proprietary models. This turnaround time can be very quick (e.g., seconds). However, these credit reporting agencies do not have access to all available pertinent information. For instance, they would not have access to data associated with individual transactions previously made by the customer with a payment account. Some of that data can be very pertinent and, when factored in, can greatly improve the accuracy of the information (e.g., a better predicted likelihood the customer will default) that is requested by the business entity.
At the same time, for security and privacy purposes, it would be undesirable to grant the credit reporting agency free access to such personal data. Thus, a problem exists for how to enable the transaction data associated with a customer to be factored into the models of the credit reporting agency without granting the credit reporting agency access to that data, without compromising the quick turnaround time expected by the business entities.
Embodiments of the present invention are directed to methods and systems of data communication between mobile devices and access devices. Embodiments of the invention address these and other problems, individually and collectively.

Enhanced data security and presentation system and method


A method for use within a WBAN, the method comprising creating a motion profile and a corresponding channel quality profile and using the motion profile to determining preferable conditions for MAC communication within the WBAN.

As a result of aging populations and rising costs of medical treatments and investigations, e-healthcare has become increasingly important. In e-healthcare systems, wearable or implantable sensors are used to monitor vital healthcare signs and report data to a relatively powerful device called a hub or coordinator device—which may, for example, take the form of a PDA (Portable Data Assistant), cell phone, or bedside monitoring point. Instead of traditional wired connection, a WBAN is built to wirelessly connect bodily sensors which can enable functionality such as 24/7 real-time monitoring services for elderly and other patients in need.

Method, apparatus, system, and computer readable medium for determining preferable conditions for MAC communication within a WBAN


A belt module includes an intermediate section having a corrugated portion extending along the length of the intermediate section and a web extending along the length of the intermediate section and adjacent to the corrugated portion. A plurality of first link ends extend outward from the intermediate section with the transverse opening. A plurality of second link ends extend outward from the intermediate section in a direction opposite the first link ends and the second link ends have a transverse opening having an elongated shape.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to conveyor belts and, more particularly, to modular plastic conveyor belts formed of rows of plastic belt modules pivotally interlinked by transverse pivot rods.
2. Discussion of the Related Art
Because they do not corrode, are light weight, and are easy to clean, unlike metal conveyor belts, plastic conveyor belts are used widely, especially in conveying food products. Modular plastic conveyor belts are made up of molded plastic modular links, or belt modules, that can be arranged side by side in rows of selectable width. A series of spaced apart link ends extending from each side of the modules include aligned apertures to accommodate a pivot rod. The link ends along one end of a row of modules are interconnected with the link ends of an adjacent row. A pivot rod journaled in the aligned apertures of the side-by-side and end-to-end connected modules forms a hinge between adjacent rows. Rows of belt modules are connected together to form an endless conveyor belt capable of articulating about a drive sprocket.
In many industrial applications, conveyor belts are used to carry products along paths including curved segments. Belts capable of flexing sidewise to follow curved paths are referred to as side-flexing, turn, or radius belts. As a radius belt negotiates a turn, the belt must be able to fan out because the edge of the belt at the outside of the turn follows a longer path than the edge at the inside of the turn. In order to fan out, a modular plastic radius belt typically has provisions that allow it to collapse at the inside of a turn or to spread out at the outside of the turn.
Apertures slotted in the direction of travel of the belt are commonly provided in the link ends on at least one side of the modules to facilitate the collapsing and spreading of the belt.
The requirement of following a curved path causes problems not found in straight-running belts. As one example, radius belts, especially if tightly tensioned or running fast and lightly loaded, tend to rise out of the conveyor support around a turn. As another example, because belt pull is concentrated in the outer portion of the belt as it rounds a turn, outer link ends are more likely to fail unless otherwise strengthened or bolstered.
There are other problems with some common belt designs. For example, stresses can be molded into the plastic modules during the manufacturing process. Sharp, as opposed to curved, junctions between molded features on a belt module are more likely to form concentrated stress regions. When such modules make up a conveyor belt, operation of the belt increases the stress in those regions. In a radius belt, in which the pulling load is unevenly distributed across the width of the belt as it rounds a turn, the problem is exacerbated. One way to solve the problem is to add more material to the belt, but that makes the belt heavier, increases the production cost due to the larger molding cycle and closes in some of the desirable open area that allows for drainage or air flow.
Another problem with some structures of radius belts is compression of the modules transverse to the direction of belt travel. A radius belt bricklayed to a width of, for example one meter, may compress by three to four millimeters as the belt rounds a turn, which can cause the belt to come out of the conveyor support. Belts having the corrugated configuration shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,372,248 to Horton are especially susceptible to bending and compression of this type.
What is needed is a modular radius conveyor belt that is resistant to compression and that improves the engagement of the belt to the drive sprocket.


A method for making a nonvolatile memory device includes the following steps. A conductive structure is formed, wherein the conductive structure has a first top portion. The first top portion is converted into a second top portion having a domed surface.

In the prior art, a nonvolatile memory device includes a substrate, a floating gate, a control gate and an insulator. The insulator is disposed between the substrate and the control gate, and the floating gate is buried in the insulator. The insulator includes a tunnel oxide layer and an inter-poly dielectric layer. The tunnel oxide layer is disposed between the substrate and the floating gate, and the inter-poly dielectric layer is disposed between the floating gate and the control gate.
Employing the manufacturing process below 20 nm technology node, a floating-gate memory cell having the structure described above is produced. The floating-gate cell suffers a high inter-poly dielectric leakage current associated with the field crowding effects on the edges of the floating gate. A serious inter-poly dielectric leakage current results in a small program window and poor endurance, and reduces the data retention of the flash memory.

Nonvolatile memory device and method for making the same


A system and method for issuing a processor instruction to multiple processing sections arranged in an out-of-order processing pipeline architecture. The multiple processing sections include a first execution unit with a pipeline length and a second execution unit operating upon data produced by the first execution unit. An instruction issue unit accepts a complex instruction that is cracked into respective micro-ops for the first execution unit and the second execution unit. The instruction issue unit issues the first micro-op to the first execution unit to produce intermediate data. The instruction issue unit then delays for a time period corresponding to the processing pipeline length of the first execution unit. After the delay, a second micro-op is issued to the second execution unit.

Many performance computing processors are often able to accept Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC) instruction or opcodes. Certain high performance computing processors perform the processing associated with certain CISC instructions by executing multiple Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) instructions or opcodes that perform the required processing. Such processors "crack" the CISC instruction into multiple RISC instructions, which are referred to as "micro-ops" or μOps, that are processed by the RISC processing core of that processor. Normally cracking yields improved performance since it better utilizes the execution unit resources and it allows the micro-ops to execute out of order which makes their results available to other dependent ops earlier.
Cracking CISC instructions into multiple RISC instructions increases the complexity of performing the cracked CISC instruction in processor architectures that pipeline RISC micro-op instruction execution. When a single CISC instruction is cracked into multiple RISC micro-op instructions, those multiple micro-op instructions often have dependencies that must be tracked so that they are executed in the required order. An example of a CISC instruction that is cracked into RISC micro-ops are RX instructions of the zGryphon processor produced by International Business Machines (IBM), Inc. of Armonk, N.Y. RX instructions are arithmetic instructions with one storage operand and one register operand where one operand is sourced from storage and another operand is sourced from a register. The zGryphon processor, for example, cracks RX instructions into a RISC load operation and a RISC mathematic operation. The RISC mathematics operation is, for example, executed by a Fixed Point Unit (FXU) or a Floating Point Unit (FPU) with data produced by the load operation. This results in the mathematics operation being dependent upon the load operation and these micro-ops are required to execute in order. An architecture with parallel pipelined processing paths to execute RISC instruction that simply issues the two micro-ops corresponding to the RX instruction cracking RX ops at decode can degrade processor performance since two target (physical) registers and two issue queue entries are assigned. Both the issue queue and physical registers are frequency (and thus performance) limiting structures. Other CISC instructions with various addressing modes are able to be similarly processed.
Therefore, a more efficient cracking architecture for instructions in out-of-order computer processors is required to improve the performance of such processors.

Dual issuing of complex instruction set instructions

International Business Machines Corporation


A second buttonhole 6 is provided on a front cloth 3a of an inner fold of a neckband 3 of a dress shirt 1. A left end of a rubber tape 8 is stitched on a rear cloth 3b. A left end of a padding 7a is stitched on a right end thereof. A lining cloth 7b is stitched on a right end of the padding 7a. A right end of the lining cloth 7b is stitched inside the rear cloth 3b of the neckband 3. A vertical tape 9 has an upper end and a lower end stitched on the rear cloth 3b under the padding 7a. A horizontal tape 10 is passed therebetween and has its opposite ends stitched on rear sides of the padding 7a and the lining cloth 7b, respectively. Thus, there is provided a structure that a vertical tape 9 is held between a moving cloth, which is made of the padding 7a and the lining cloth 7b, and the horizontal tape 10. When an uppermost button 4 is hooked on the second buttonhole 6 of the front cloth 3a and moved rightward against a tensile force of the rubber tape 8, it can move smoothly. Moreover, a neckline can be adjusted to a desired length without a conspicuous action.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a shirt or a blouse or the like that has a buttoned neck portion including a dress shirt that is worn under an outer wear with a tie knotted thereon, and particularly to a shirt having neck size adjusting function that has a neckline worn easily and comfortably without spoiling appearance.
2. Description of the Related Art
A dress shirt worn under an outer wear such as a suit or a dress suit is designed on condition that a tie is knotted around a neckline. Thus, the dress shirt is buttoned up to an uppermost part of the neckline. Retailers prepare dress shirts having different neck measurements and sleeve lengths (exactly a sleeve length plus half a width across shoulders) at one-centimeter variation. Then, a user is allowed to choose the most suitable one. Still, many people feel it tight to keep a state for a long time that he or she wears a dress shirt having a size exactly adjusted to his or her neck measurement while having a knotted tie thereon.
Then, Japanese Laid Open Patent Publication No. 5-302201 shows an invention of a formal shirt or a dress shirt that can adjust a neck size and that has a structure giving no uncomfortable feeling even if the tie is knotted loosely to a certain degree. In the invention related to this publication, a slide fastener having a stopper is used in place of buttonholes. Alternatively, hooks or clasps used for a tabi (Japanese split-toe socks) are attached in place of buttons, while plural eyes or eyes for the clasps are attached in place of the buttonholes. Alternatively, an uppermost part of the formal shirt is fastened by a hook and loop fastener. Consequently, the neck measurement of the shirt is made adjustable. Then, a collar is provided such that opposite end portions of the collar are overlapped when the neck size of the formal shirt is set to the smallest one. Thus, when the neck size of the formal shirt is set longer, the opposite end portions of the collar become closed so as to give people no impression that the neckline is loose.
However, with the technique of the publication No. 5-302201, in case the neckline of the formal shirt is fastened tightly to a certain degree at the beginning and then becomes too tight and should be set longer, the tie must be largely loosened. Then, the slide fastener must be slid, the hook or the clasp must again be fixed on another position or the hook and loop fastener must be separated once and then stuck together again adequately. Such an action is conspicuous. Therefore, it is impossible to do the action particularly in ceremonial occasions such as a marriage ceremony or a wedding reception, a wake and a funeral, since it is ill-mannered.
Moreover, in this technique, a stiff part such as the slide fastener, the hook and loop fastener, the eye or clasp eye is fixed on a front surface of a neckband corresponding to a lower side of the collar on which the uppermost button and buttonhole are provided, respectively. Therefore, it is possible that imprint or fading effect is generated even if the part is covered by the collar or that the part is seen when the collar goes up when something or other happens. In such case, the appearance is damaged.

Shirts having neck size adjusting function


Disclosed is a mounting structure of a propulsion device for an inflatable boat, including a propulsion assembly, which comprises a power device and a driven propeller; a sleeve body, whose internal diameter is larger than the longitudinal length of the propeller of the propulsion assembly so as to allow the easy passage of the propeller of the propulsion device through the sleeve body; a mounting hole securely devised in the hull, the hole being provided near the stern of the inflatable boat in accordance with the habitual practice as well as for convenience sake, and the internal diameter being larger than the external diameter of the sleeve body; a power device supporting element, which is secured to the sleeve body so that when the propeller of the propulsion assembly passes through the sleeve body it can maintain the power device of the propulsion assembly above the flange of the cover of the sleeve body; and a set of direction control levers to turn the propeller of the propulsion assembly so as to control the direction of the boat; when the sleeve body passes through the mounting hole, the hull is inflated to tightly hold and secure the sleeve body.

The present invention relates to a mounting structure of a propulsion device for an inflatable boat and particularly, to a mounting structure of a propulsion device installed at the bow of an inflatable boat.
Because of its portability, the inflatable boat is very popular among boating lovers. In general, the inflatable boat can be propelled in two ways: one is by rowing; the other is by installing a propulsion device at the stern of the boat, which is steered by the boater. One of the ways to mount a propulsion device at the stern used currently is shown in FIG. 1; the whole propulsion device 100 is pivotally mounted to a rigid frame 102, which in turn is anchored to a hull 104. The boater usually sits sideway in the boat, his hand holding a steering handle 101 to control the direction and movement of the boat. Another way of mounting a propulsion device 100 is illustrated in FIG. 2. A link 100a is detachably made to pass through channel 105 of the hull 104, and the boater steers the boat in the same way as in the first stance. Both conventional ways of mounting the propulsion device mentioned above have the following drawbacks:
(a) The boater has to sit sideway and thus cannot pay attention to the sides while the boat is moving.
(b) The direction of the movement of the steering handle is just opposite to that of the boat; it takes a beginner quite a long time to adjust to this.
(c) The mounting method as shown in FIG. 2 is only suitable for boats wherein the motor 100b directly moves the propeller 100c. If the propeller 100c is driven by an engine through a power transmission shaft 100d (see FIG. 1), the strength will be weakened due to the fact that the power transmission shaft and the exhaust pipe are detachably assembled; in addition, it is very inconvenient to install, and hence unfit for this mounting method.

Mounting structure of a propulsion device for an inflatable boat


There is provided a semiconductor storage device comprising a ferroelectric capacitor superior in barrier capability against penetration of hydrogen from all directions including a transverse direction. The device comprises a transistor formed on a semiconductor substrate, the ferroelectric capacitor formed above the transistor and including a lower electrode, a ferroelectric film, and an upper electrode, a first hydrogen barrier film which continuously surrounds side portions of a ferroelectric capacitor cell array constituted of a plurality of ferroelectric capacitors, and a second hydrogen barrier film which is formed above the ferroelectric capacitor cell array and which is brought into contact with the first hydrogen barrier film in the whole periphery.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a semiconductor device and a method for manufacturing the device, particularly to a semiconductor storage device using a ferroelectric film, and a method for manufacturing the device.
2. Description of the Related Art
In recent years, a ferroelectric storage device (FeRAM: ferroelectric random access memory) using a ferroelectric capacitor has been noted as one of nonvolatile semiconductor storage devices.
In semiconductor devices such as a ferroelectric storage device in which a ferroelectric film is used in a capacitor, if hydrogen penetrates the capacitor in a manufacturing process after forming the ferroelectric capacitor, characteristic of the capacitor, especially polarization characteristic of the ferroelectric film is deteriorated. To prevent the deterioration, the capacitor is covered with a hydrogen barrier film, for example, an aluminum oxide film (Al2O3 film), which protects the penetration of hydrogen.
One example of a ferroelectric storage device by a conventional technique is disclosed, for example, in Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publication No. 2001-237393. The semiconductor device in the example includes: a MOSFET (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor) 2 formed on a semiconductor substrate 1; an insulator 4 formed on the MOSFET 2; a first hydrogen barrier film 5 disposed on the insulator 4; a ferroelectric capacitor constituted of a lower electrode 7, a ferroelectric film 8 and an upper electrode 9 disposed on the first hydrogen barrier film 5; and a second hydrogen barrier film 10 covering the ferroelectric capacitor. The second hydrogen barrier film 10 is brought into contact with the first hydrogen barrier film around the ferroelectric capacitor. Thus, when each ferroelectric capacitor is covered with the first and second hydrogen barrier films 5, 10, penetration of hydrogen into the ferroelectric capacitor is prevented.
Moreover, a structure in which a whole ferroelectric capacitor cell array constituted of a plurality of ferroelectric capacitors is covered with a hydrogen barrier film has been reported in "0.18 um SBT-based Embedded FeRAM Operating at a Low Voltage of 1.1V", by Y. Nagano et. al., 2003 Symposium on VLSI Technology Digest of Technical Paper. A semiconductor device in the article includes: a plurality of ferroelectric capacitors formed on a first hydrogen barrier film; an interlevel insulator which is formed to cover the plurality of ferroelectric capacitors and which is divided for each ferroelectric capacitor cell array; and a second hydrogen barrier film which covers the ferroelectric capacitor cell array including the interlevel insulator. The second hydrogen barrier film is brought into contact with the first hydrogen barrier film around the ferroelectric capacitor cell array.
In any of the above-described cases, the second hydrogen barrier film is simultaneously formed on upper and side surfaces of the ferroelectric capacitor or the ferroelectric capacitor cell array. The hydrogen barrier film formed on the side surface is generally inferior in film quality and step coverage as compared with the hydrogen barrier film formed on the upper surface which is a horizontal face. For example, even when the hydrogen barrier film is formed by atomic layer deposition (ALD) that is said to be a method achieving better step coverage, a film thickness on the side surface is about 70% of that on the upper surface. Therefore, it is hard to make a barrier capability against the penetration of hydrogen from the side surface to be equal to that from the upper surface.
Therefore, there has been a need for a semiconductor storage device comprising a ferroelectric capacitor superior in barrier capability against penetration of hydrogen from all directions including a transverse direction, and a method for manufacturing the device.

Semiconductor storage device and manufacturing method for the same


A sheet-shaped food product is a sheet-shaped food product molded by containing a raw food material and a binding agent, in which the sheet-shaped food product is provided with a surface layer at both sides and an inner side layer, which is present between the surface layers and has lower density than each surface layer, and mass ratio (WA/WB) of dry mass of the raw food material (WA) to dry mass of the binding agent 3 (WB) is 4.9 to 7.3.

Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a sheet-shaped food product.
Related Art
Conventionally, a sheet-shaped food product represented by laver has been widely used for laver roll, rice ball, or the like. However, the sheet-shaped food product is thin and easily breakable. Due to such reasons, a technique of forming a gel-like film on a surface of laver by coating laver with a solution of alginic acid followed by impregnation in a solution containing cations with valency of 2 or more is suggested (see Patent Document 1, for example). By using the technique described in Patent Document 1, a sheet-shaped food product which is hardly breakable and has a volume (thickness) is obtained.
Patent Document 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, Publication No. 2004-267151


A chip mounting substrate for bonding a semiconductor chip to a substrate, comprises a solder layer on the substrate, the solder layer being connectable to a semiconductor chip, wherein the solder layer comprises a layer including δ-phase crystal grains of an Au—Sn alloy at a surface of the solder layer. The solder layer comprising a layer including δ-phase crystal grains of an Au—Sn alloy is formed at a surface of the solder layer. On mounting a semiconductor chip on the substrate, the substrate and the solder layer are heated and an image of the solder layer is shot to perform an image evaluation to detect the timing of mounting the semiconductor chip on the solder layer of the substrate and a position of the chip.

A technology for bonding a semiconductor chip to a substrate is known. Japanese laid-open patent application publication No. 2001-57468 discloses such a soldering technology for bonding a semiconductor chip on a substrate.
In the circuit device disclosed in the above publication, with a thin solder layer, a chip is bonded to a substrate. The device comprises a substrate with a metallization layer on the surface thereof, a chip, and a solder layer for bonding the chip to the metallization layer on the substrate to mount the chip on the substrate.
The solder layer comprises an Au—Sn alloy having a eutectic composition defined by a eutectic point of Au—Sn alloy. The Au—Sn alloy includes Sn of 29 at.% and the balance Au. The eutectic point is 278° C. In this circuit device, there are further provided barrier layers between the solder layer and the metallization layer to prevent a reaction between the solder layer and the Au layer and between the solder layer and a metal layer in the metallization layer, respectively. The barrier layer comprises a δ-phase Au—Sn alloy. In this circuit device, it is difficult to detect timing of mounting a semiconductor chip on the substrate and a mounting position of the semiconductor chip on the melting solder layer on the substrate.

Semiconductor chip mounting substrate, a method of producing the same, and a method of mounting a semiconductor chip