An electronic component integrated substrate includes a first substrate including a first pad, a first solder resist layer provided with a first open portion that selectively exposes the first pad, and a connection pad formed on the first solder resist layer, and electrically connected to the first pad; a second substrate, stacked on the first substrate, including a second pad, and a second solder resist layer formed on the second pad and provided with a second open portion that selectively exposes the second pad; an electronic component mounted on the first substrate and sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate; and a substrate connection member that electrically connects the connection pad and the second pad with each other, the diameter of the connection pad being larger than each of the diameter of the first pad and the diameter of the second open portion.

Recently, in order to miniaturize a substrate including an electronic component such as a semiconductor chip, and reduce the amount of space that it occupies, an electronic component such as a semiconductor chip, a so-called electronic component integrated wiring substrate is provided in which an electronic component such as a semiconductor chip is embedded (hereinafter, referred to as an "electronic component integrated substrate").
As an example of the electronic component integrated substrate, a structure is known in which a second substrate is stacked on a first substrate on which an electronic component such as a semiconductor chip is mounted via substrate connection members such as solder balls, and resin is provided at a space between the first substrate and the second substrate to seal the space. The substrate connection members are provided between pads that are exposed in open portions of a solder resist layer formed at the first substrate, and pads that are exposed in open portions of a solder resist layer formed at the second substrate, respectively.
Here, recently, the substrate connection members are provided with a narrow pitch, and in accordance with this, a clearance between the pads of the first substrate becomes small. Thus, it is difficult to form a wiring pattern between the pads of the first substrate.

Electronic component integrated substrate


A method for detecting a phishing web page. The method, executable at a sever, comprises detecting at least one unique web page attribute that allows to identify a known phishing web page as a phishing web page; analyzing, by the server, the known phishing web page to determine at least one additional unique attribute indicative of the known phishing web page targeting a phishing target web resource; generating, by the server, at least one phishing detection rule that is based on the at least one unique attribute and the at least one additional attribute; storing the at least one phishing detection rule; receiving a new web page to be checked for phishing; applying the at least one phishing detection rule for analyzing the new web page; in response to the analyzing rendering a positive outcome, identifying the new web page as a phishing web page.

Due to rapid development of computer technologies and networks, the problem of detecting phishing services and resources, such as web sites, web pages, applications, including mobile (Android, iOS, etc.) applications, is becoming increasingly important, since it is necessary to protect users from Internet-based fraud. Phishing is a special form of Internet based fraud, particularly, the attempt to obtain sensitive data of the users, such as their logins, passwords, credit card details (PINs, expiry dates, CVV2/CVC2 codes, numbers, card holder names), phone numbers, code words, confirmation codes (e.g. for money transfers or payments), etc.
Phishing resources, particularly, web sites or pages, are fake resources, i.e. fake web sites or pages, that mimic the appearance of a known/original resource. For instance, phishing (fake) web pages may mimic the appearance of an original web page of a bank, an e-payment system, or a login page, etc., especially one that requires the user to input confidential or sensitive data, or some other information that is valuable for the user (their clients, friends, relatives, etc.) and/or offenders. These phishing web pages (resources) are created by the offenders (fraudsters) to obtain sensitive data of web site users/visitors.
The data collected through phishing (phishing attacks) may be then used by the offenders, e.g. in order to steal money from a credit card (specifically, through illegal withdrawal), or to extort money for restoring stolen logins and passwords (fraudsters change either part, so that the user is unable to access some resource), or to extort money for keeping some valuable information secret, etc.
Links to phishing resources may be sent in text messages, a practice that is also known as "SMiShing". Also, links to phishing resources may be contained in mailing lists, on various web sites, including social network pages, or in computer programs, such as office applications, including mobile (Android, iOS, etc.) applications.
Currently, there are conventional technologies and methods for detecting phishing resources, e.g. web pages, through analysis of URL addresses by URL masks (URL—Uniform Resource Locator/Universal Resource Locator), of domain names by keywords, or through checking whether those pages upload contents from original web sites, or checking whether there are images associated with a certain brand (e g names/logos of banks, payment systems, resources, web sites, services, etc.), including the resource reputation. Such methods and technologies for countering phishing, Internet-based fraud and illegal access to sensitive information of users (visitors of web pages or users of applications, including mobile applications), and, particularly, methods and technologies for detecting phishing web pages may further comprise determining of domain name registration date (as well as its expiration date), or calculating hash values of web pages and comparing them to hash values that have been calculated earlier. Hash value (hash code, or simply hash) is a result of processing data with a hash function. A hash function is a function for translating an input array into a bit string of a fixed length using a given algorithm.

System and method for detecting phishing web pages


A liquid crystal display includes a first substrate with pixel electrodes, and a second substrate with a common electrode facing the first substrate. The common electrode has depression patterns corresponding to the pixel electrodes. The side wall of each depression pattern is at an angle of 30-120 degrees with respect to the first substrate. The depression patterns of the common electrode are formed through making depression patterns at color filters. In this structure, the liquid crystal display bears wide viewing angle and good picture quality.

(a) Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display and, more particularly, to a liquid crystal display which has a wide viewing angle.
(b) Description of the Related Art
Generally, liquid crystal displays have a structure where a liquid crystal is sandwiched between two substrates, and the electric field applied to the liquid crystal changes its arrangement to control light transmission.
Among them, the vertically aligned twisted nematic (VATN) liquid crystal displays have a pair of internal transparent substrates with transparent electrodes, a liquid crystal sandwiched between the substrates, and two polarizing plates externally attached to the substrates one by one. The liquid crystal molecules are initially aligned perpendicular to the substrates and, under the application of an electric field; they are spirally twisted with a predetermined pitch while being oriented to be parallel to the substrates.
When the polarizing plates are normal to each other in the polarizing direction, light is completely blocked when there is no application of an electric field. That is, in the so-called normally black mode, brightness is very low at an off state and hence the contrast ratio is high compared to the usual TN liquid crystal display. However, under the application of voltage (particularly gray scale voltage), a significant difference is present in retardation of light depending upon the viewing directions as in the usual TN liquid crystal display, so that the viewing angle becomes too narrow.
In order to solve such a problem, it has been proposed that the electrodes be patterned to generate fringe fields, and that the fringe fields generate several micro-regions with different orientation directions of the liquid crystal molecules. For instance, U.S. Pat. No. 5,309,264 issued to Lien discloses a technique of forming X-shaped opening portions at the common electrode. U.S. Pat. No. 5,434,690 issued to Histake et al. discloses a technique of forming opening portions at the electrodes of the top and bottom substrates in an alternate manner.
However, the above techniques require a separate mask to pattern the common electrode. Furthermore, since the color filter pigments may influence the liquid crystal, a protective layer must be formed on the color filters. It also generates serious textures at the periphery of the patterned electrodes.

Liquid crystal display having wide viewing angle


A device for tensioning and locking an attachable subject which includes, in combination, a toggle clamp and a quick release pin channel lock. The channel lock provides a method for securing an anchor on a bow roller.

A. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to toggle clamps and locks therefore, and the use of said toggle clamps and locks for securing an anchor on the bow of a boat when the head of the shank of the anchor is resting on a roller, pin, channel or other apparatus and the flukes, plough or other digging portions are over-lapping the roller, pin or channel.
B. The Prior Art
Toggle clamps are well known in the art of clamping objects against fixed position holders. The toggle clamp, by its very nature, provides a lock of sorts when it is in the retracted position. Most toggle clamps are subject to release by accidental tripping, vibration, or other external forces. It would be an advance in the art if toggle clamps were provided with safe locks, so that an object being held by a toggle clamp could be placed in the locked position with the quick and easy movement of a toggle clamp; and then, without releasing the tension therein provided, be subsequently safe locked with a fail safe pin.
Most intermediate sized boats in the 25-65 foot range have some accommodation for one or more anchors at the ready on the bow. An "anchor at the ready" as used herein is an anchor which can be released from the bow through a chute, over a roller or with other state-of-the-art apparatus.
Attached to most of these anchors is one or more shackles and a length of chain comprising the anchor rode, but also furnishing convenient linkages for holding the anchor in place on the bow. While there are some elaborate systems for holding the anchor in place with winch gypsies, windlass gypsies and/or chain pawl locks, except for the chain pawl locks, most of these devices cannot be relied upon to prevent accidental release. Many less sophisticated systems require that the anchor be lashed with line or hooked with elastic (Bungie) cord on the bow to prevent accidental release. Lashings or elastic retainers are imperfect and susceptible to accidental release; and they are sometimes slow to make fast and release.
An object of this invention is to provide the easy clamping action of a toggle clamp in combination with a fail-safe locking means, in such a manner that once a clamp has been tensioned, there is no need to release the clamp prior to the fail safe locking step.
Still a further object of this invention is to provide a means for quickly securing an anchor at the ready on the bow of a boat, and then, without releasing the tensioning means, lock the tensioning means with a fail-safe secure lock.
Briefly, the objects of this invention are accomplished in a device comprising in combination a toggle clamp having an attachment arm, a handle and mounting means, and having an open position and a closed position; and a quick release pin channel lock comprising an elongated channel having an essentially planar base and two essentially planar sides, each of said sides having at least one circular orifice, defined by rotation of a radius on an axis, the axis of rotation for each orifice being essentially the same, mounting means for the channel and a removable locking pin insertable in the circular orifices to provide a locked status. The channel lock being mountable so that when the toggle clamp is in the closed position, the handle of the toggle clamp is generally along the center line of the channel and at least partially below the removable locking pin when in a locked status.


A method for manufacturing a float glass includes a step of melting a glass raw material, a step of forming the glass melted in the melting step into a glass ribbon while floating the glass on a molten metal, and a step of annealing the glass ribbon. In the forming step, a gas or a liquid containing a molecule having a fluorine atom present therein is blown to the glass ribbon having a viscosity of from 1.0×104 to 2.5×1010 Pa·s.

Recently, in flat panel display devices of mobile phones or personal digital assistances (PDAs), personal computers, televisions, car-mounted navigation display devices and the like, a thin sheet-shaped cover glass is often arranged on the front side of displays so as to cover a wider region than the image display area thereof, for protecting the displays and for improving the beauty thereof.
Such flat panel display devices are required to be lightweight and thinned, and therefore the cover glass to be used for display protection is also required to be thinned.
However, if the thickness of the cover glass is reduced, the strength thereof lowers and the cover glass itself may be broken by dropping, etc. during use or carrying. Thus, there arises a problem that its primary role of protecting the display devices cannot be fulfilled.
Consequently, in already-existing cover glass, glass produced by a float process (hereinafter this may be referred to as a float glass) is chemically strengthened to form a compressive stress layer on the surface thereof to thereby enhance the scratch resistance of the cover glass.
It has been reported that a float glass is warped after chemical strengthening to lose flatness (Patent Documents 1 to 3). It is said that the warpage may be caused by the heterogeneity between the glass surface not in contact with a molten metal such as molten tin during float forming (hereinafter this may be referred to as top surface) and the glass surface being in contact with the molten metal (hereinafter this may be referred to as bottom surface), thereby providing a difference in the degree of chemical strengthening between the two surfaces.
The warpage of the float glass becomes large with increasing the degree of chemical strengthening. Therefore, in the case where surface compressive stress is set to be higher than before, particularly 600 MPa or more, for responding to the requirement for high scratch resistance, the problem of warpage becomes more obvious.
Patent Document 1 discloses a glass strengthening method of forming an SiO2 film on a glass surface and then chemically strengthening it to thereby control the amount of the ions to enter the glass during chemical strengthening. Patent Documents 2 and 3 disclose a method of reducing the warpage after chemical strengthening by controlling the surface compression stress on the top surface side so as to fall within a specific range.
Heretofore, for reducing the problem of warpage, there have been taken a coping method of reducing the strengthening stress caused by chemical strengthening or performing chemical strengthening after removing a surface heterogeneous layer by grinding treatment, polishing treatment or the like of at least one surface of glass.


An impedance blocking filter circuit is provided for use in telecommunication systems for interconnecting between incoming telephone lines and customer's terminal equipment so as to unconditionally block impedances above 20 KHz due to the customer's terminal equipment from an ADSL network unit and/or home networking interface unit. The filter circuit includes first, second, and third inductors connected in series between a first input terminal and a first common point. A first resistor has its one end connected also to the first common point and its other end connected to a first output terminal. Fourth, fifth and sixth inductors are connected in series between a second input terminal and a second common point. A second resistor has its one end also connected to the second common point and its other end connected to a second output terminal. A capacitor has its ends connected across the first and second common points. In other aspects, the filter circuit also includes switching means for eliminating shunt additive capacitance and/or correction circuit means reducing significantly return loss.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to telecommunication systems and more particularly, it relates to an impedance blocking filter circuit used in telecommunication systems for interconnecting between incoming telephone lines from a telephone company's central office (C.O.) and subscriber or customer telephone equipment such as a telephone set located at a subscriber's premises so as to unconditionally block telephone impedance above 20 KHz.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The prior art appears to be best exemplified in the following U.S. Letters Patent which were developed in a search directed to the subject matter in this application:
4,613,732 4,823,383 4,742,541 5,642,416 4,743,999 5,802,170
In U.S. Pat. No. 4,823,383 issued to Cardot et al. on Apr. 18, 1989, there is disclosed a protection device for terminal equipment on telephone subscriber premises which includes a voltage surge protection circuit and/or a filter for providing protection against radio frequencies and interference. The filter is comprised of series inductors L1, L2, L3 and L5 interconnected between terminals E1 and S1 and series inductors L'1, L'2, L4 and L'5 interconnected between terminals E2 and S2. A capacitor C5 is connected between the junctions of the inductors L2, L3 and the inductors L'2, L4. The surge protection circuit includes thermistors TH1, TH2 and voltage limiters D1-D3.
In U.S. Pat. No. 5,802,170 issued to Smith et al. on Sep. 1, 1998, there is disclosed a customer bridge module for connecting telephone company wiring and subscriber telephone wiring in a telephone network interface apparatus. In one embodiment, the customer bridge module includes overcurrent protection and an RFI filter. The overcurrent protection is formed by positive temperature coefficient resistors 220, 222 and inductors. The RFI filter is formed by inductors 224a-224c, 226a-226c and capacitors 236a-236c. The inductors and capacitors are used to form a multi-pole low pass filter.
In U.S. Pat. No. 5,642,416 issued to Hill et al. on Jun. 24, 1997, there is disclosed an electromagnetic interference by-pass filter which suppresses RF noise currents conducted over the tip and ring leads of a telephone line-powered instrument. The filter includes first and second inductors 51, 53 and first and second capacitors 41, 43.
It is generally well-known these days that many telephone subscribers or customers also have a personal computer located on their premises. At times, the computer user receives ADSL (an acronym for Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) signals from the Internet over the same telephone lines via an Internet Server Provider (ISP). In order to increase the speed of downloading of information from the Internet, an ADSL network interface is typically purchased and installed between the incoming telephone lines and the user's computer. However, since one or more telephone subscriber terminal equipment such as telephone sets, facsimile machines and/or answering devices are also connected to the same incoming telephone lines via internal house wiring, ADSL interference problems may be caused by the terminal equipment which can significantly limit or reduce the data rate. In one situation, it has been experienced that the change of state from "on-hook" to "off-hook" of the telephone equipment and sometimes the telephone terminal equipment even being "on-hook" can create a resonance effect to occur so as to drop the impedance value to less than 10.OMEGA. (Ohms) at a frequency as high as 500 KHz.
Accordingly, it would be desirable to provide an impedance blocking filter circuit for connection to the telephone terminal equipment causing the erratic input impedances. The impedance blocking filter circuit of the present invention is of a modular design so as to be easily connected by the subscriber in series with the offending telephone terminal equipment. The impedance blocking filter circuit blocks unconditionally any telephone impedances (e.g., open, short, capacitive, inductive, resonant, or any combination thereof) above the frequency of 20 KHz.


Generating apparatus and method by which all steps of the procedure for generating a configuration diagram of connection between a plurality of units constituting a system can be automated. The automatic connection configuration diagram generating system comprises a first memory for storing data indicative of the units by which the system is constituted, a second memory for storing data indicative of a layout according to which the units of the system are laid, a knowledge base for incorporating a set of rules indicative of connection specifications for all of the units of the system, a selector for selecting connection specification rules for desired units from the rule set stored in the knowledge base, a controller for determining a connection structure on the basis of the selected rules and the data stored in the first and second memories, and a third memory for storing the connection structure determined by the controller.

This invention relates to a system for automatically generating a configuration diagram of a connection between a plurality of units constituting a system and more particularly to an automatic connection configuration diagram generating system of the type adapted to automatically determine the specification of interconnection between individual units on the basis of structural information for the respective units, layout information and connection information. This invention therefore pertains to an automatic drawing or construction system which receives a system configuration diagram and a layout diagram to automatically deliver a system assembly drawing.
As the system comprised of a plurality of units, there is available, for example, a computer system which is installed in a limited space. Such a computer system comprises a central processing unit (CPU), a channel unit, an input/output control unit, an input/output unit and an external memory unit. In order to determine the desired or required connection between the individual units upon installation of the computer system, a conversational processing system using a computer has typically been utilized. The conversational processing system however forces the operator to preliminarily store various constraints on the interrelation between the respective units in this system. Further, in actual connection work, the operator of the system has to identify connection origination units, connection destination units and the kind of connecting wire.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,700,317 issued to Watana et al on Oct. 13, 1987 proposes an "Automatic Layout Planner and Method for Automatically Creating a Layout Plan". In the automatic unit layout planning system disclosed in the above literature, countermeasures for dealing with a variety of conditions which occur midway in the planning of a layout plan are stored as a rule consisting of a conditional part and an action part and portions of the rule matching occurring situations are accessed and utilized for determining the unit layout. This prior art system can determine the unit layout automatically but does not provide any information as to how interconnection between the individual units can be executed.
Conventionally, many systems for automatically designing wiring on a printed-circuit board and the like have been developed. This type of system, which is adapted to automatically design physical wiring paths and for automatic wiring design, presupposes that a diagram expressing a connection structure for circuit parts, such as a circuit diagram, has already been prepared and operates on the basis of data of the circuit diagram to perform an automatic wiring design. Because of the above inconvenience, the known automatic wiring design system for printed-circuit boards can not be applied to a processing for planning a data structure which expresses conditions for connection between individual units.
In the past, the configuration diagram of the connection between a plurality of units constituting a system has typically been planned in accordance with the following procedure, most of which is carried out manually:
(1) The connection relation between the units is determined on the basis of a system configuration diagram. PA1 (2) The routing length of a cable(s) between units to be connected together is determined on the basis of a geometrical distance between the units which is indicated in a system layout drawing. PA1 (3) Specifications of connectors of the units are decided from design materials, and the kind and standard size of the cable adapted for the connectors are determined. PA1 (4) A connection diagram is drawn on the basis of the thus determined connection information.
The above procedure can not be performed manually without requiring skilled designers to spend considerable time and labor.

Automatic generating system of connection configuration diagram among units


Systems and methods for reducing receiver de-sensitivity caused by coupling between a primary antenna and a diversity antenna. More particularly, the systems and methods reduce receiver de-sensitivity due to harmonic components associated with the signal transmitted by the primary antenna falling within a frequency band at which the diversity antenna is configured to sense signals. The systems and methods include amplifying a first signal to produce a transmission signal for transmission via the primary antenna; receiving, at the diversity antenna, a receive signal; amplifying, via a low noise amplifier, the receive signal to apply a gain to the receive signal; inverting the transmission signal; and adding the inverted transmission signal to the amplified receive signal to produce a corrected receive signal. Accordingly, the harmonic components introduced into the receive signal are canceled out via negative feedback at the radio frequency (RF) front end.

Many mobile devices include a both a primary antenna and a diversity antenna to support communications over each antenna, thereby improving the quality of the communications to and from the mobile device. However, if the primary and diversity antennas are located in close proximity to one another, the two antennas couple with one another causing the signals transmitted by one of the antennas with be sensed by the other antenna. Due to this coupling, the communications at the other antenna are degraded (sometimes referred to as de-sensed). Accordingly, mobile device designers tend to physically separate the primary and diversity as much as possible to reduce the coupling between the primary and diversity antennas.
However, as mobile devices have grown smaller while including ever more components, it has become more and more difficult to physically separate the primary and diversity antennas. Thus, while physical separation can somewhat decouple the primary and secondary antennas, additional techniques are needed to mitigate the impact the effects of coupling between the primary and diversity antennas.
Further, many communication systems now involve carrier aggregation (CA) techniques to improve communication throughput. CA can be implemented by either utilizing time-division duplexing (TDD) that segregates the uplink and downlink to different time slots of the same carrier (e.g., frequency) or by utilizing frequency-division duplexing (FDD) where the uplink and downlink signals are communicated simultaneously using different component carriers. Due to the simultaneous nature of FDD communications and the above-described coupling effects, signals transmitted by the primary antenna are sensed at the diversity antenna. Said another way, the signals transmitted by the primary antenna jam the diversity antenna from properly being able to receive other signals. It should be noted that this de-sensing still occurs in TDD systems, albeit to a lesser extent than FDD systems.
Conventional solutions have relied upon filtering techniques that filter out the carrier(s) associated with the primary antenna. However, for some combinations of uplink carriers and downlink carriers, the harmonics associated with the uplink carrier (and/or the intermodulation distortion harmonics associated with the composite CA transmit signal) fall within the frequency band that includes the downlink carriers associated with the diversity antenna. Accordingly, traditional filtering techniques cannot filter out the harmonics associated with the uplink carrier without also filtering out the downlink carrier associated with the diversity antenna.

RF front end reduction of receiver de-sensitivity


There is provided a push switch including an insulating case, a conductive member, a movable electrode and an operating member. The insulating case has a wall portion defining a recess. The conductive member has a first portion embedded into the wall portion and a second portion disposed in the recess as a fixed electrode. The movable electrode is disposed in the recess and is displaced between a first position and a second position. The operating member is moved to displace the movable electrode from the second position to the first position. An anchor member protrudes from the conductive member in a direction not parallel to the direction in which the operating member is moved, and embedded into the wall portion.

The invention relates to a switch used in various small electronic equipment, and more particularly, to a push switch which is mounted on a circuit board and includes an operating member adapted to be displaced in a direction parallel to the circuit board.
In such push switches, a resin case mounted on a circuit board has a recess formed therein. A conductive member is integrally provided in the case by insert molding and the like, and a part of the conductive member is disposed as a fixed electrode inside the recess. A movable electrode is additionally disposed inside the recess to be elastically displaced between a first position in which the moveable electrode is contacted with the fixed electrode and a second position in which the movable electrode is spaced apart from the fixed electrode.
The push switches are provided with an operating member. When a user presses the operating member in a state in which the switch is mounted on the circuit board, the operating member is moved in a direction parallel to the circuit board so that the movable electrode is displaced to the first position, and thus is electrically conductively connected with the fixed electrode. If the pressing force is removed, the moveable electrode is elastically returned to the second position, thereby canceling the electrically conductive state between the movable electrode and the fixed electrode (e.g., see Patent Document 1).
[Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent No. 4557043
In switches as described above, the pressing force exerted to move the operating member in the direction parallel to the circuit board, causes a component force in a direction parallel to the circuit board and a component force in a direction away from the circuit board, thereby acting to detach a part of the case from the conductive member. As the switches are downsized accompanying with downsizing in recent electronic equipment, the pressing force exerted by a user becomes higher relative to the structural strength of the switches. If the pressing force exceeds the structural strength of the switches, a part of the case is often broken and detached from the conductive member.


The T-post puller is a device adapted for attachment to the a post hole digger boom of a tractor. The puller has a hollow body with a skirt at its bottom, which aids in positioning the main body over the T-post. A spring-biased, pivotally mounted wedge or ratchet plate extends along the interior length of the main body for engagement with any of the post's studs. The puller is further provided with a post release mechanism in the form of a rope attached to a lever connected to the wedge plate. The body has at least one yoke extending outwardly from the top end of the body for pivotal attachment to the boom. An adapter is attachable to the yoke in order to attached the puller to other power lifting booms or machines.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to fence post removal devices, and more particularly to a T-post puller attachable to a tractor, backhoe, front-end loader, or the like.
2. Description of the Related Art
One form of fencing that can be installed quickly uses T-posts. T-posts are so-called because of their T-shape in cross section. T-posts have a row of studs projecting from the flat side of the crossbar for attaching and aligning wire fencing. T-posts may be quickly installed, particularly with a tube-type installation tool that can be placed over the post, lifted by handles attached to the sides of the tube, and allowed to drop. Weights in the top end of the tube drive the post into the ground by gravity. Quick installation and low fencing costs makes such fencing popular on farms, at construction sites, for use in gardens, etc.
However, removal of the T-fence posts can be quite a chore, particularly when the posts have been standing for several years so that the ground supporting the posts is no longer loose, and when there is a long run of fencing with many posts, e.g., one hundred or more, driven deeply into the ground. Manually pulling posts is hard on the back, and even with the aid of a manual post puller, sometimes requires two people. A tractor can be used by wrapping a chain around the post, but the chain often slips off the post, and much effort is required to constantly get up and down from the tractor to wrap the chain around successive posts. Consequently, there is a need for a T-post puller to reduce the physical labor involved in removing T-posts from the ground and that reduces the amount of time involved in pulling the posts.
Thus, a T-post puller solving the aforementioned problems is desired.


A modular direct current power source is provided. One welding power supply system includes a plurality of hysteretic buck converters coupled in parallel. The hysteretic buck converters are configured to receive a common input and to provide combined output power to a common load based upon the common input.

The invention relates generally to welding systems and, more particularly, to a modular power source that may be used for welding applications.
Welding is a process that has become increasingly ubiquitous in various industries and applications. Such processes may be automated in certain contexts, although a large number of applications continue to exist for manual welding operations. In both cases, such welding operations rely on a variety of types of equipment to ensure that the supply of welding consumables (e.g., wire feed, shielding gas, etc.) and welding power are provided to the weld in an appropriate amount at the desired time. For example, metal inert gas (MIG) welding processes such as regulated metal deposition (RMD™) and pulse utilize a modulator to provide power quickly in response to requested power.
In MIG welding applications long welding cables may be used. Unfortunately, lengthy cables introduce significant inductance between a welding power source and a welding application. Thus, in such conditions, an additional power converter may be used near the welding application to limit the effect of the inductance in the cables. Such converters often use a pulse-width modulation (PWM) control method with a limited bandwidth and require special control circuitry. Therefore, there is a need in the field for techniques that might provide alternatives to PWM control-based power converters.


A circuit and method of reducing the occurrence of overheating of a power fold vehicle mirror. The circuit controls the operation of the power fold mirror such that when a portion of the circuit reaches or exceeds a predetermined temperature threshold, the vehicle mirror is prevented from at least folding in. In practice, the vehicle mirror will be allowed to fold out even when the predetermined temperature threshold has been reached or exceeded, to allow the vehicle door to be opened and the car to be driven. The vehicle mirror may be allowed to be folded in when the temperature of the circuit falls to or below a second predetermined temperature threshold.

A standard feature of many modern vehicles, including private and industrial vehicles, is the ability for one or more side mirrors of the vehicle to fold in and out from the side of the vehicle. The driver is able to manually control the position of the mirror such that, when, for example the car is parked, the driver will switch the mirror into a folded position to lie adjacent to the external surface of the car. When the car is about to be driven, the driver can select the fold out position and the mirror will fold out from the side of the car and assume an extended position in the normal fashion, to allow the mirror to be used while driving.
A common factor to be taken into consideration when designing electronic circuits, particularly when associated with mechanical actuators, is the production of heat. In the case of fold out mirrors, small electric motors drive the movement of the mirror and in doing so, generate heat. Traditionally, because the power fold function is used infrequently, the generation of heat is not a major problem. However, there may be instances where the power fold function is used frivolously, for example a child playing with the power fold switch and repeatedly folding the mirror in and out. This may result in overheating of the motor and surrounding electronic components and may damage the components of the mirror system.
Traditional ways of dealing with overheating include the provision of heat sinks, which provide a large surface area in contact with the surrounding air to radiate heat therefrom, and in the case of circuit boards, larger PCBs can be used to provide the larger heat radiating area.
Other methods of compensating for the generation of heat include using heavier duty components which are more expensive. This is undesirable in a product which is mass manufactured as the overall increase in cost can be dramatic. Similarly, in devices such as power fold control circuits, space is often at a premium and it is necessary to keep component and board sizes as small as possible.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an alternative means of addressing the problem of potentially damaging heat.

Power fold mirror control circuit and method

Schefenacker Vision Systems Australia Pty Ltd.


The invention provides a steering column assembly having a steering column jacket operable to support a steering shaft. The steering column assembly also includes a collar presenting a surface for guiding movement of the steering column jacket. The steering column assembly also includes a locking member operable to move in a first direction from an unlocked position to a locked position to increasingly urge the steering column jacket and the surface of the collar together to lock relative movement between the steering column jacket and the collar. The steering column assembly also includes a shaft operable to rotate in a first angular direction about a first axis to move the locking member in the first direction. The steering column assembly also includes a crank extending radially outwardly from the shaft. The steering column assembly also includes a lever operable to rotate in a second angular direction about a second axis spaced from the first axis. The steering column assembly also includes a link pivotally interconnecting the crank and the lever to transmit rotation of the lever to rotate the crank thereby rotating the shaft.

Steering columns are disposed in vehicles to support the steering wheel for use by the driver. Steering columns can be adjustable to change the position of the steering wheel to enhance the comfort of the driver. Raking movement and tilting movement change the angular position of the steering wheel. Telescoping movement changes the position of the steering wheel along the center axis of the steering column relative to the dashboard, the steering wheel moving outward or inward from the dashboard. Adjustable steering columns include locks to prevent movement of the steering wheel after the desired position of the steering wheel has been established.

Clamp for friction lock mechanism on steering column


In one embodiment, a wireless bridge for wireless to TCP/IP based communication is provided. The wireless bridge can be with reduced functional devices (RFDs) in a star topology network acting as a network access device (NAD). Another embodiment can be with fully functional devices (FFDs) in a peer-to-peer topology network also capable of operating as a NAD. The network address device includes a processor with memory; a radio frequency transceiver front end communicating with the processor; an antenna coupled to the front end; and a power source providing power to the processor and front end wherein the processor with memory contains computer instructions for executing IEEE 802.15.4 standard compliant operations; transmitting a network access device announcement (NADA) message representative of the initiation of passive network discovery to multiple end devices; determining whether a receiving/designated end device is network compliant; establishing communication with the compliant designated end device; and forwarding the NADA message to the designated end device.

The present invention relates to a cargo container security network and more particularly to a network access device and method.
In the past, both private industry and government agencies have investigated ways to improve security in the global supply chain in an effort to protect against criminal activity and terrorist attacks. This has included development of improved mechanical and electronic container seal technology, as well the development of sensor networks and inspection agreements/processes to identify and monitor cargo movement at major ports and transit points throughout the world. In anticipation of new U.S. Government policies on enhanced security requirements for all U.S.-bound cargo, various government and industry teams have been investigating ways to adapt existing technologies and processes to provide monitoring of containers and other conveyances from the Point of Stuffing (PoS)—sometimes called Point of Consolidation—to the Point of Deconsolidation (PoDC). The use of Security Device Systems in the global supply chain is one component of an improved national security posture.
Accordingly, there is a need for a network access device (NAD) which adheres to the formal requirements for security devices consistent with the Department of Homeland Security's (DHS's) security needs and operations, while considering the shipping industry's operational needs.

Network access device for a cargo container security network

The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Navy


Novel alpha-mercaptoester substituted diorganopolysiloxanes, well adapted for the stabilization of vinyl chloride polymers, have the following general formula ##STR1##

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to diorganopolysiloxanes containing an alpha-mercaptoester functional group, a process for preparing same and to the use or end applications thereof, particularly as a stabilizer for polymers based on polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
2. Description of the Prior Art
Many diorganopolysiloxanes bearing various organic functional groups are already known to this art, such as, for example, those described on pages 261 to 268 of the text by Noll, Chemistry and Technology of Silicones, 1968 English language edition, and in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,261,875 and 4,294,974.
Furthermore, many stabilizers for PVC-based polymers also exist, and, among these, particularly representative are the glycol diesters of 2-mercaptopropionic acids, described in particular in French Patent No. 2,552,440.


In one embodiment, a file system of a computing device may receive from a first application a write request to write a file to a storage device of the computing device. The request may include a privacy preference for the file. In response to the write request, the file system may generate privacy metadata corresponding to the privacy preference, associate the privacy metadata to the file, and write the file and the associated privacy metadata to the storage device. The file system may receive from a second application a read request to read the file from the storage device. In response to receiving the read request, the file system may provide the second application access to the file and the associated privacy metadata. The privacy metadata can be configured to be used by the second application to select a distribution policy for the file.

An operating system of an application—such as a camera, phone, augmented reality glasses—may include a file system for writing a file to a storage device or unit. With such applications, a user may have the file system upload, save, or share data to other users, and with social-networking applications, users may connect, communicate, and share data with other users in their social networks. Depending on the context of the application, the user may desire the application to constantly capture data to provide just-in-time information or assistance. Due to user error, the user may have the file system export sensitive or private data to other users.


A new and unique plant cultivar of Tall Garden Phlox, Phlox paniculata, named ‘Glamour Girl’ that has powdery mildew resistant leaves, sweet-smelling, densely packed, hot-coral-pink flowers on broad strong panicles, especially suitable in the garden as a specimen or en masse, potted plant or patio, for color, fragrance and attracting hummingbirds and butterflies, and for cut flower arrangements.

The present invention comprises a new and distinct variety of Tall Garden Phlox botanically known as Phlox paniculata, and hereinafter referred to by the cultivar name 'Glamour Girl'. The new variety originated from a crossing made by the inventor, Kevin A. Hurd on Jun. 26, 2007 at a nursery in Zeeland, Mich., USA between the female parent Phlox paniculata 'Junior Bouquet' U.S. Plant Pat. No. 16,865 and the male parent 'Wendy House' U.S. Plant Pat. No. 18,158 with seed harvested Sep. 5, 2007. The new plant originally was designated under the breeder code 07-23-01 with final evaluations approved in the summer of 2012.
Phlox paniculata 'Glamour Girl' has been asexually propagated by stem cuttings at the same nursery in Zeeland, Mich. The unique characteristics of the new plant have been found to be reproducible and stable in successive generations of asexual propagation and the resultant plants have been found to be identical to the original selection. The present invention has been found to retain its distinctive characteristics through successive asexual propagations via vegetative cuttings.


Fabricating a semiconductor device comprises: forming a gate trench in an epitaxial layer overlaying a semiconductor substrate; depositing gate material in the gate trench; forming a body in the epitaxial layer; forming a source embedded in the body; forming a contact trench that extends through the source and at least part of the body; disposing an implant at least along a contact trench wall; and disposing an epitaxial enhancement portion below the contact trench and in contact with the implant.

Modern semiconductor devices, such as Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (MOSFETs) are often high density devices with small feature sizes. For example, the wall-to-wall pitch size of some MOSFETs in use today is on the order of 1-2 μms. As device size decreases, the thickness of gate oxide within the device also decreases and becomes more easily damaged during operation. The problem is more pronounced in power MOSFET devices, which often conduct high current and dissipate a large amount of power.

Vertical trench DMOSFET having integrated implants forming enhancement diodes in parallel with the body diode

Alpha and Omega Semiconductor Incorporated


An automatic keyword analysis for content illumination and document fragmentation for internet search queries. Initially, the invention obtains keywords from a document. The taxonomy then expands the obtained words from the document. The keywords are further refined using keyword demand data. The keyword demand data includes words where too few or too many searches would hamper the user's search. After refinement, the keyword final set is placed onto the appropriate web page. Consequently, internet search engines “hit” the web page because the automatic keyword analysis added optimal and efficient keywords.

For many people, using the World Wide Web ("web") has become a daily routine. However, with the increased amount of information on the World Wide Web locating the desired information has become challenging. Compounding the problem, the numbers of new users inexperienced at web searching are growing as well.
Search engines base the users interest on search terms or keywords entered in by the user. Once the user enters in the keywords, the search engine provides links to relevant subject matter on those entered keywords. Accordingly, the search engine accomplishes this by matching the keywords in the search query to a keyword index of web pages contained in the search engine's database. When the index includes the search keyword, the user's keywords are "hits" and the URL of the corresponding web page is returned to the user.
Unfortunately, this process for identifying web pages relevant to a search keyword is not an optimal process for finding all relevant matches. The keywords stored in the search engine's index are closely tied to the exact words appearing on the web page. Current search engine technology has limited ability to find pages with different but conceptually-related or synonymous keywords. For example, using an exact match process with the search term "automobile sales" will limit the search to "automobile" or "sales." However, numerous pages on the web may have used the terms "auto sales" or "car sales" to represent the same concept. In this case, the user will only find those pages that use the terms "automobile" and is thereby limited in his/her ability to find all information related to the subject matter.
Some attempts have been made to develop processes for identifying the important words and phrases to use in a web page's copy to enable users to find the page for a broader range of conceptually related or synonymous search terms. A taxonomy or thesaurus may be used to expand a web page's targeted set of keywords by identifying additional related words to include in the page's text. Moreover, a demand data analysis may be completed to refine the expanded keywords by determining which keywords users are most likely to enter in a search engine. Although attempts have been made, the processes are not fully automated or integrated. The current, non-automated process for identifying a complete set of relevant keywords to optimize and place on landing pages is labor intensive and consequently not feasible for large volumes of text.
As a result, there is a need for an automated process for analyzing documents to identify keywords for use in document landing pages. An automated keyword analysis process removes the labor involved in finding the keywords in a web-page or document, adding related keywords, refining the keywords, and placing them into the web page's or document's corresponding landing page. With an automated keyword analysis system and method, a user of a search engine has a higher probability of producing relevant "hits" on the web pages enhanced by the automated analysis. By automatically creating related subject matter keywords, use of the web is simplified and new users, as well as old users, can find the information they need on the ever expanding web.

Automated keyword analysis system and method


A control unit uses electric field generating means (power supply) to effect a control to set a time period of alternate application of positive and negative bias voltages to a secondary transfer roller to be less than a time period corresponding to a single continuous rotation of the transfer rotary body.

The present invention relates to an image forming apparatus, such as a color electronic copying machine, which reads an image on an original and forms an image using an electrophotographic process.
In recent years, color images have frequently been handled in offices. An increasing number of electrophotographic image forming apparatuses, in particular, color printers and color multi-functional peripherals (color MFPs), have been installed in offices.
At present, in many offices with a certain scale, a black-and-white copying machine and a color printer are used in combination. As color printers have increasingly gained popularity among smaller-scale offices, there is a demand for color MFPs, which could replace black-and-white copying machines.
In this case, it is desired that the color MFP have the same black-and-white copying performance as the black-and-white copying machine and also have a color print function. At present, a most prevalent system employed in color image forming apparatuses is one using an intermediate transfer medium. Images of four colors are successively developed on a photosensitive body, and the developed images are successively transferred on the intermediate transfer medium. The superimposed images of the four colors on the intermediate transfer medium are batch-transferred on a paper sheet.
In this type of apparatus, in most cases, a secondary transfer member that comes in contact with the back side of the paper sheet is used in order to batch-transfer the images on the sheet. In case of paper jam, the secondary transfer member comes in direct contact with the intermediate transfer medium carrying the toner images, and the secondary transfer member is stained with toner. Consequently, the back side of a paper sheet for the next print operation is also stained. In the case of double-side printing, both the image surface and back surface of the paper sheet are stained.
Some methods for removing the stain have been proposed. Such methods include a method wherein toner of a stain is mechanically removed by a blade, etc., and a method wherein an electric field is applied to toner of a stain and the toner is recovered to the intermediate transfer medium side.
In particular, the method using the electric field has such a problem that the toner cannot efficiently be recovered by simple application of an electric field.
The object of an aspect of the present invention is to provide an image forming apparatus wherein an electric field is applied to toner stain on a secondary transfer member, thereby efficiently recovering the toner to an intermediate transfer medium side.
In order to achieve the object, the present invention may provide an image forming apparatus having image forming means for forming a plurality of toner images on a movable image carrying body, an intermediate transfer member on which the toner images formed by the image forming means are transferred, and a transfer rotary body that transfers the toner images, which are transferred on the intermediate transfer member, onto a transfer medium, the apparatus comprising: a first application unit that applies a negative voltage to the transfer rotary body; a second application unit that applies a positive voltage to the transfer rotary body; a switching unit that alternately switches the first application unit and the second application unit, which apply voltages to the transfer rotary body; and a control unit that effects a control to set a time period of alternate voltage application switched by the switching unit to be less than a time period corresponding to a single continuous rotation of the transfer rotary body relative to the intermediate transfer member.
Additional objects and advantages of an aspect of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objects and advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out hereinafter.


Techniques are provided for image-based real-time gesture recognition. Video data of a person is obtained. Pixels are classified in the video stream at a given time instance during a time period as a foreground or a background pixel. A data entry is generated comprising data indicating foreground history values for each of a plurality of time instances of the video stream and data indicating a time period value. When the classifying indicates that a first pixel is a foreground pixel, the data structure associated with the first pixel is evaluated to determine whether or not to update a foreground history value associated with the first pixel at the given time instance. A motion gradient vector is generated for the video stream based on the foreground history value associated with the first pixel and foreground history values associated with other pixels.

Gesture recognition technology enables devices to detect human motions in order to initiate electronic commands without the use of other computer interface devices (mouse, keyboard, etc.). For example, gesture recognition has become increasingly important to initiate commands in video conference systems. However, many devices enabled with gesture technology are inadequately equipped to interpret human motions as gestures associated with electronic commands.

Image-based real-time gesture recognition


A method and system for ground installation is disclosed. In one aspect, a method to secure a fixture on a ground includes steps of securing one or more anchors on a base plate; placing the base plate on the ground; applying force to one or more ground stakes into the ground through the base plate to secure the base plate on the ground; disposing the fixture on the base plate; and securing the fixture on the base plate. The entire ground installation system merely includes a base plate and a few ground stakes, and it is fairly easy to assemble and disassemble the installation system without special training and skills. Also, the ground installation system provides a stable and secure base for the fixtures thereon.

Landscaping becomes more and more popular in recent years because people have a much higher demand on quality of the living environment. A series of outdoor lights are usually installed to illuminate buildings, gardens, pathways, and entranceways for safety purposes by reducing and eliminating dark hiding places and unobserved entry points for intruders. Moreover, the outdoor lights can be arranged to decorate the gardens, patios or yards to enhance the aesthetic value thereof. However, one problem of many conventional outdoor light fixtures is that once the lighting fixture is installed, it is very difficult and inconvenient to uninstall and the process to uninstall is usually costly and labor-intensive. It poses a serious problem if the homeowner likes to frequently change the location of the lighting fixtures for different designs.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,953,257 to Pusch discloses an outdoor light mounting system that provides a simple installation method for outdoor lighting fixtures. The outdoor light mounting system includes a foundation member in the form of a mildly compressible pipe member that is mounted in the ground, and an adapter that may form an electrical connection box, and a light standard can be mounted on the adapter. However, as can be seen in FIG. 1, Pusch's light mounting system still has too many components that have to be assembled/disassembled when the homeowner wants to install or uninstall the lighting fixture, which may cause the same problems as discussed above.
U.S. Pat. No. 7,073,919 to Masina discloses a light assembly including an elongate support having an upper end and an opposing lower end, and a light fixture. The elongated support incorporates an attached stake, which is to be forcibly inserted into the ground for supporting assembly in an upright condition as shown in FIG. 2. Even though the installation method proposed by Masina is less complicated than Pusch, the light assembly may not be stably secured on the ground with only one stake, especially when the light fixture is large and bulky. Furthermore, U.S. Pat. No. 6,802,630 to Doppelt discloses a portable outdoor lighting device. Even though a portable outdoor lighting fixture is easy to move without complicated installation process, it cannot be secured on the ground and may be easy to fall due to external forces, which may injure people or damage the lighting fixture.
Therefore, there remains a need for a new and improved method and apparatus to easily and securely install and uninstall fixtures on the ground to overcome the problems stated above.

Method and apparatus for ground installation


A method for making a treated polymer for a liquid crystal alignment agent includes the steps of: subjecting a tetracarboxylic dianhydride compound and a diamine compound to conduct a polymerization reaction to obtain an untreated polymer; preparing a co-precipitating solvent for the untreated polymer which includes a major amount of a poor solvent and a minor amount of a good solvent; and subjecting the untreated polymer to a treatment with the co-precipitating solvent such that at least a significant amount of a polymer fraction having a molecular weight not larger than 3,000 is removed from the untreated polymer to obtain the treated polymer. A treated polymer for a liquid crystal alignment agent, a liquid crystal alignment agent including the treated polymer, a liquid crystal alignment film formed of the liquid crystal alignment agent, and a liquid crystal display element including the liquid crystal alignment film are also disclosed.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a method for making a treated polymer, more particularly to a method for making a treated polymer for a liquid crystal alignment agent. The invention also relates to a liquid crystal alignment agent containing the treated polymer, a liquid crystal alignment film formed from the liquid crystal alignment agent, and a liquid crystal display element including the liquid crystal alignment film.
2. Description of the Related Art
A liquid crystal display element is widely used in a screen of a computer, a viewfinder of a camera, a projection display, a television screen, or the like.
Nematic liquid crystal display elements are predominantly used in general liquid crystal display elements, and concrete examples of the nematic liquid crystal display elements actually used include: (1) a TN (Twisted Nematic) liquid crystal display element, in which a liquid crystal alignment direction of one side substrate is twisted at a 90 degrees angle relative to a liquid crystal alignment direction of the other side substrate; (2) a STN (Super Twisted Nematic) liquid crystal display element, in which a liquid crystal alignment direction of one side substrate is twisted at an angle greater than 180 degrees relative to a liquid crystal alignment direction of the other side substrate; and (3) a TFT (Thin Film Transistor) liquid crystal display element which uses a thin film transistor.
It has been continuously attempted in the art to improve a liquid crystal alignment film in order to enhance the display performance of the liquid crystal display elements, for example, to reduce the image sticking problem.
The liquid crystal alignment film is made of a liquid crystal alignment agent. Conventionally, the liquid crystal alignment agent is formulated by dissolving polyamic acid or soluble polyimide in an organic solvent, and is then applied and cured on a substrate to form the liquid crystal alignment film.
The image sticking problem results from the residual direct current (DC) voltage. Specifically, when the residual DC voltage is large, it will remain even after the electric field has been turned off after being once turned on. In such a case, images to be erased will remain as image sticking. Therefore, it is desired that the residual DC voltage approach zero infinitesimally. This image sticking phenomenon is one of the most important issues in liquid crystal display elements.
JP 11-193345 discloses a polyimide resin made of two or more polyamic acids having different properties for preparation of a liquid crystal alignment film.
WO 0061684 discloses a varnish composition comprising a polymer component comprising a polyamide acid having a specifically defined structure, a polyamide having a specifically defined structure, or the polyamide and a soluble polyimide having a specifically defined structure.
WO 2007078153 discloses a composition for liquid crystal alignment comprising an oligoimide or oligoamic acid, which includes a thermocurable or photocurable functional group on at least one end of the oligoimide or oligoamic acid backbone. It is described that in the optical resolution process, polyimide used for liquid crystal alignment is selectively photo-decomposed and inevitably leads to generate decomposed by-products in small units. Such decomposed by-products can cause very serious problems in alignment stability and long-term reliability, particularly image sticking.
US 2004/0031950 discloses a liquid crystal alignment agent. It is briefly described to use a poor solvent to purify a polyamic acid used for preparing the liquid crystal alignment agent.
It is still required in the art to develop a liquid crystal alignment agent which can effectively shorten an image sticking erasing time.

Method for making a treated polymer for a liquid crystal alignment agent, the treated polymer made thereby, and liquid crystal alignment agent, liquid crystal alignment film and liquid crystal display element containing the treated polymer


A changing apparatur for recording media has a rotatable magazine which houses a plurality of sloping storage slots in which recording media can be housed. The storage slots overlap one another in the circumferential direction of the magazine. A selector rotates the magazine until a desired storage slot is disposed in a loading position. A loading mechanism transfers a recording medium between the storage slot which is at the loading position and a pick-up which reads the information recorded in the recording medium.

This invention relates to an automatic changing apparatus for a recording medium, and more particularly but not exclusively, it relates to an automatic changing apparatus for compact discs used for the reproduction of music.
There exist in the marketplace a number of apparatuses which can store a plurality of recording media, such as compact discs, and automatically access and transfer information to or from a desired one of the recording media. These devices generally employ a circular magazine or carrousel which houses the recording media. The magazine can be either stationary or rotatable, and it can be either permanently mounted or removable from the apparatus.
In one type of conventional changing apparatus for compact discs, a plurality of compact discs are horizontally disposed around a circle atop a flat carrousel. The carrousel can be rotated to bring any one of the discs into alignment with a spindle, which can rotatably support a single disc while an optical pick-up reproduces information stored in the disc. While the disc is being rotated by the spindle, the disc remains inside the carrousel. This arrangement has the disadvantage that the discs are all disposed in a single horizontal plane, so only a very few discs can be housed in a small carrousel.
Another type of conventional changing apparatus has a plurality of discs which are vertically disposed in radial slots of a circular magazine. Each of the discs is aligned with a radius of the magazine. A disc player is disposed at the center of the magazine, and a desired disc can be transferred from inside the magazine to the disc player. While this arrangement enables a large number of discs to be stored within a magazine of small radius, since the discs are vertically disposed, the height of the apparatus must be at least as tall as the diameter of the discs, so the changing apparatus is undesirably bulky.

Automatic changing apparatus for a recording medium


A digital PLL circuit to output a clock signal phase-synchronized with an input signal comprises a divider outputting the clock signal and a signal initiation pulse generator generating a signal to set the divider to a predetermined state depending on the input signal initiation. The maximum lead-in time is reduced to 1/n in comparison with prior art, and therefore the circuit is very suitable for use in the receiving part of a device which receives a burst data signal.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a digital PLL (Phase Locked Loop) circuit. More particularly, this invention relates to a digital PLL circuit adapted for use in a receiving part of a relay or a terminal device which receives a burst data signal in a communication network.
2. Description of the Related Art
A digital PLL circuit for generating a clock signal having a frequency which is phase-synchronized with an input signal is disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 61-208923.
The circuit comprises a fixed frequency generator, a delay circuit which delays the output signal of the fixed frequency generator to make multiple output signals having a phase difference between each other, a phase changing circuit which selects one of the output signals of the delay circuit, a divider which divides a frequency of the output signal of the phase changing circuit to make an output signal of the whole circuit, a phase comparator which compares the phase of the output signal with the phase of the input signal of the whole circuit, and a phase control pulse generator which controls the phase changing circuit depending on the result of the comparison in the phase comparator.
In the circuit according to the prior art, a considerable lead-in time may be required when receiving a burst signal, because multiple phase comparisons and changes are required to perform phase synchronization if the phase difference between the output signal and the input signal is 180.degree. .

Digital PLL circuit having reduced lead-in time


An Internet client communicates with an Internet server such as an HTTP server or SMTP server through a TCP streaming socket on the Internet device with the Internet client. The TCP streaming sockets can be established through an Internet ready command line interface. The Internet ready command line interface includes “IR” commands that can establish, resume, release and terminate TCP sockets.

A standard modem can be in either one of two modes, command mode or data mode. In a command mode, no data is passed across the modem. The modem operation is controlled using standard modem "AT" or other commands. When the modem is connection to another modem, it goes into data mode. Changing back to command mode can be done with an escape sequence.
As for any standard modem, the following guidelines are used when issuing commands:                When using "AT" commands, start every command line (except the "A/" and "+++" commands) with an attention ("AT") code characters. Otherwise, the modem will not execute the command.        The commands following the "AT" prefix can be uppercase, lowercase, or a combination of both.        Always type the "AT" prefix in the same case (not "At" or "aT").        Telephone numbers may be entered with or without punctuation.        Commands must be terminated with a carriage-return character. This is typically ASCII 13 (0×0D). However, it can be changed by modifying the modem S-Register number 3.
Each command line to a modem has the following format (with the exception of the "A/" and "+++" commands):                <AT><Command>{Argument}{=n}{ }
Wherein "<AT>" is the attention code, "<Command>" is a command consisting of one letter of an ampersand ("&"), percent ("%"), or backslash ("\") followed by a letter, "{Argument}" is optional information specific to the Command, and "{=n}" is used in some instance to qualify an Argument specific to the Command. The information in angle brackets ("<>") must be included as part of the command line, while information in curly braces ("{}") may or may not be necessary as part of the command line. It is also possible to string commands together in one command line. The attention code "AT" is only required at the beginning of the command line.
In the command mode, characters received from the serial port are interpreted as commands and must follow the guidelines described above. The modem transitions from the command mode to the data mode after a successful "ATD" command or after receiving a call in auto-answer mode. To transition from the data mode to the command mode, an escape, either a sequence of characters or toggling the DTR line, must be sent to the modem. This sequence is typically "+++", however, this can be changed to another repeated character by modifying the modem S-Register number 2. Typically, a delay with no data transfer of one second before and after this escape sequence is required. This time delay can be changed by modifying the modem S-Register number 12. The "ATO" command is used to resume the data mode without having to hang-up and redial.
A separate TCP socket application is usually added to establish Internet connection once the modem is in data mode. However, it is often desirable that a TCP streaming socket can be opened on the modem so that an Internet client can directly communicate with an Internet server over the socket.


A novel ramp system is provided for use in the assembly and disassembly of intermodal highway trailers and intermodal railtrucks for intermodal transportation. The ramp system has an ascending portion for raising the level of the trailer frame onto an elevated portion of the ramp so as to align the respective coupling members in proper relationship for coupling. The ramp system also has a descending portion for transferring the load from the highway wheel assembly of the trailer to the railtruck. The descending portion of the ramp includes a wheel stop to locate the railtruck in an operative location for coupling beneath the trailer during lowering of the trailer frame on top of the railtruck adapter.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to railroad trains formed of intermodal over-the-highway trailers coupled together. More particularly, this invention relates to a novel, low-cost ramp system for raising and lowering intermodal highway trailers to facilitate assembly with or disassembly from railtrucks for intermodal transportation, which system may be portable and is not necessarily limited to highway trailers having a particular wheel suspension system.
2. Description of the Prior Art
A variety of types of intermodal transportation have been developed which utilize a train of highway trailers to travel along railroad track. Such systems attempt to utilize the flexibility and efficiency of highway trailers or semi-trailers for short hauling of units and yet achieve the fuel, labor and equipment cost advantages of railroads for long hauls.
For many decades, the railroad industry has attempted to create an intermodal alternative to the truck which could harness these economies by piggy-backing one mode on top of the other. The typical system of placing highway trailers on railroad flatcars, however, has cost penalties much greater than the economies of truck transportation alone. These disadvantages have led to the development of alternative intermodal systems.
One intermodal system which was developed to attempt to combine the capabilities of rail and highway in one vehicle is set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 4,202,277 to Browne et al. This system includes a highway trailer that may be operated over the highway as a truck trailer and over the railroad in unit trains. The trailer body has both highway and rail running gear, both supported by an air suspension system, and is independently supported upon the highway running gear for highway operation, and upon the railroad railtruck bogies for railroad operation. The air spring suspension allows the independent raising and lowering of the highway running gear and the railroad bogie for selective use in the railroad mode or the highway mode. The semi-trailers are couplable end-to-end to form a train of multiple semi-trailers in the railroad mode of travel.
Another approach to intermodal systems is set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 4,669,391 to Wicks et al., which is incorporated herein by reference. This system includes a highway trailer which is mounted on a conventional railtruck with an intermodal adapter. In order to couple the trailer to the railtruck, the trailer is backed up to the railtruck bogie and the air suspension is inflated to lift the trailer body a few inches. Further backing of the trailer allows mounting onto the bogie. Once mounted, lock pins secure the trailer body and coupling saddle into a unitized rail platform. The air suspension air bags are then deflated and coil springs lift the highway trailer tires to clear the rail.
While both of the above systems are commercially successful systems, both require the utilization of air spring suspension systems. The commercial embodiment of the Browne et al. system utilizes the air spring suspension system to raise and lower the highway running gear and the railroad bogie. The commercial embodiment of the Wicks et al. system utilizes the air spring suspension system, or an alternate hydraulic system, to raise the trailer the appropriate distance to allow mounting onto the bogie.
As a result of the high cost and limited availability of intermodal highway trailers with air spring suspension systems, there is a need for a trailer-bogie mounting system which is able to accommodate both air spring and standard spring suspension intermodal trailers and yet utilize the available commercial railtruck units. Such a mounting system would allow utilization of intermodal systems without the need for a costly air spring suspension system.
Other prior art systems, such as the one shown in U.S. Pat. No. 2,963,986 to Dobson, which have attempted to depress the track in order to raise the level of the trailer with respect to the rail bogie, fail to provide the necessary portability for versatility and to allow other uses of the railtrack when not used to assemble intermodal systems. These prior art systems are also not usable with certain commercially-available intermodal system trailers and railtrucks.
Accordingly, a need exists for a system for connection of intermodal highway trailers to, and disconnection of intermodal highway trailers from, railtrucks for intermodal transportation, which system may be portable and not limited to a particular type of trailer suspension system, but may in fact be utilized with conventional, lower cost spring suspension intermodal trailers and existing intermodal railtrucks.

Ramp system for assembling and disassembling highway trailers and railtrucks for intermodal transportation


An internal combustion engine includes a cylinder block having a cylinder bore, a cylinder head having a combustion chamber communicating with the cylinder bore, a spark plug supported in the cylinder head and having electrodes disposed in the combustion chamber, two first valves supported on the cylinder head and having valve heads disposed in one side of the combustion chamber, and two second valves supported on the cylinder head and having valve heads disposed in an opposite side of the combustion chamber. A valve operating mechanism associated with the internal combustion engine comprises a camshaft rotatably mounted on the cylinder head and engaging the first valves for operating the first valves, a rocker arm holder mounted on the cylinder head, a rocker arm shaft or shafts disposed between the camshaft and the second valves and rotatably supported by the rocker arm holder, and two rocker arms swingably mounted on the rocker arm shaft or shafts and held in engagement with the camshaft and the second valves for operating the second valves. The rocker arm holder is disposed above the cylinder bore in substantial central alignment therewith, the rocker arm holder having a plug insertion hole for insertion of the spark plug therethrough.

1. Field of the Invention:
The present invention relates to a valve operating mechanism of the SOHC (single overhead camshaft) type for an internal combustion engine.
2. Description of the Relevant Art:
There is known an SOHC valve operating mechanism in an internal combustion engine having cylinder bores each associated with a combustion chamber thereabove which has an ignition spark plug. Two intake valves are disposed in one side of each combustion chamber, and two exhaust valves are disposed in the other side of the combustion chamber. The valve operating mechanism includes a single camshaft extending above the cylinder head and positioned at the upper ends of the intake or exhaust valves, a rocker arm shaft disposed between the camshaft and the other valves, and rocker arms held in engagement with the camshaft and swingable about the rocker arm shaft. The upper ends of the intake or exhaust valves are engaged by the camshaft so that they can be opened and closed when the camshaft is rotated about its own axis. The upper ends of the other valves are engaged by the rocker arms and openable and closable by swinging movement of the rocker arms caused by rotation of the camshaft. The valve operating mechanism of this design is disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open patent publication No. 56-143322, for example.
For suppressing knocking and increasing combustion efficiency in the internal combustion engine equipped with the valve operating mechanism of the 4-valve SOHC type, it is desirable to position the spark plug at the center of the combustion chamber. However, if the spark plug were located centrally in the combustion chamber, the width and height of the cylinder head would be of increased values to prevent the spark plug from interfering with components of the valve operating mechanism upon insertion of the plug into the combustion chamber. Use of a member having a plug insertion hole on the cylinder head would result in an increased number of parts required for making up the valve operating mechanism.

Valve operating mechanism for internal combustion engine with a spark plug insertion hole in a rocker arm holder


A method for transferring content includes requesting the content from a serving peer and sending the content to a requesting peer. Requesting the content includes sending a request to a tracker, receiving a request token, a path identifier, and a first peer identifier from the tracker, and sending a request message to a second peer. The first peer identifier includes an identity of a first peer, and the request message includes the request token, the path identifier, and the first peer identifier. Sending the content includes receiving the request token and the path identifier from a third peer, sending a return message to a fourth peer, and transferring the content from the serving peer to the requesting peer through a transfer path. The return message includes the path identifier and a second peer identifier. The second peer identifier includes an identity of a fifth peer. The transfer path includes at least the second, fourth, and fifth peers.

Peer-to-peer (P2P) networks use diverse connectivity between participants in a network and the cumulative bandwidth of network participants, rather than conventional centralized resources where a relatively low number of servers provide a service or application. A pure P2P network does not have traditional clients or servers, but only equal peer nodes that simultaneously function as both "clients" and "servers" to the other nodes on the network.
P2P networks can be useful for sharing content files containing audio, video, or other data in digital format. It is estimated that P2P file sharing, such as BitTorrent, represents greater than 20% of all broadband traffic on the Internet.
The use of the same reference symbols in different drawings indicates similar or identical items.

Content distribution with mutual anonymity


A fluid passage valve selectively opens and closes a fluid passage port defined in a bottom of a chamber which contains a fluid to be transfused into a patient's vein. The fluid passage valve has a valve member movable toward and away from the fluid passage port to open and close the fluid passage port, and a valve member casing which houses the valve member. The valve member casing has a plurality of limbs which are progressively spread outwardly away from each other in a direction toward the bottom of the chamber, so that the valve member will not be caught by the limbs when the valve member is lowered to close the fluid passage port.

The present invention relates to a fluid passage valve and a medical instrument which incorporates such a fluid passage.
Fluid transfusion sets are employed to transfer desired fluids from containers into patient's veins. The fluid transfusion set has a fluid passage valve, which is closed to avoid entry of air into the fluid when the fluid is introduced into a drip infusion tubular member.
One conventional fluid passage valve is shown in FIG. 1 of the accompanying drawings. The fluid passage valve, generally denoted at 2, is combined with a tubular body 6 which defines a constant-rate chamber 4 in a fluid transfusion set. The tubular body 6 has a bottom 8 in which a fluid passage port 10 is defined in the axial direction. The fluid passage port 10 has an open end communicating with the chamber 4 and surrounded by a circular ridge 12. A valve member 14 is separably placed on the ridge 12. The valve member 14 is enclosed by a casing 16 fused to the bottom 8, the casing 16 being of a rectangular vertical cross section. The casing 16 has a large opening or window 18 defined in a side wall 16a which extends perpendicularly to the bottom 8 The tubular body 6 has, on its top cover, a vent passage 20, a fluid inlet passage 22, and a mixture port 24.
When the constant-rate chamber 4 contains a fluid, the valve member 14 floats off the ridge 12 under its own buoyancy, opening the fluid passage port 10 to discharge the fluid from the chamber 4. When the fluid is discharged until its level reaches the bottom 8, the valve member 14 is seated on the ridge 12, closing the fluid passage port 10, so that no subsequent flow of air is permitted through the fluid passage port 10.
When the valve member 14 approaches the fluid passage port 10 as the fluid level is lowered, the edge of the valve member 14 tends to be caught by the side wall 16a of the casing 16. If the valve member 14 gets caught, it does not close the fluid passage port 10 even after the fluid is discharged to the level of the bottom 8, and air flows through the window 18 into the fluid passage port 10. The fluid passage valve 2 incorporated in the fluid transfusion set is therefore disadvantageous in that it allows air and the fluid to be supplied together.

Fluid passage valve and medical instrument using same