An unlatch control technique for enabling a hard disk drive to perform well a following sequence with a stable speed of a head being maintained after a head is unlatched by adjusting an unlatching deceleration current includes the steps of: detecting servo information written in a sector on a predetermined track of a disk when controlling the unlatching operation of the head; calculating the speed of the head which is unlatched by using the servo information; and adjusting the unlatching current depending on the head speed. Since the unlatching current can be adjusted through the feedback process of the head speed in the control of the unlatching operation, a more stable unlatching operation is accomplished.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a hard disk drive, and more particularly to a technique for regulating current supplied for the unlatch operation when unlatching a head of a hard disk drive.
2. Description of the Related Art
In general, a hard disk drive(hereinbelow, referred to as HDD) widely used as an auxiliary memory device in a computer system is largely divided into two parts. A first part is a circuit part assembly(generally, called PCBA; Printed Circuit Board Assembly)on which most circuit components are mounted and a second part is a mechanism part assembly(generally, called HDA; Head Disk Assembly) which is equipped with most mechanism components including a head and a magnetic disk as well as a part of the circuit components.
In a hard disk drive assembly, a disk is rotatably mounted on a spindle motor and information is accessed by means of a read/write head mounted on an actuator arm which is rotated by a voice coil motor. Also, data transmitted from a host computer is recorded in the form of magnetic data on the disk by means of the same head. When the disk rotates at a constant speed, the head floats to a uniform height over the surface of the disk to record or reproduce data. The head is fixed at one side of the front end of the actuator and an iron piece is fixed to the other side thereof. The actuator is also supported by a pivot bearing and moves over the disk radially around the shaft of the pivot bearing under the control of the voice coil motor. A coil of the voice coil motor is mounted between the pivot bearing and the iron piece in the actuator. On both sides of the actuator, outer and inner crash stoppers are installed. The outer crash stopper is installed on a base so that the head can be prevented from deviating from the tracks on the disk and the inner crash stopper or a magnet comes into contact with the iron piece fixed to the other end of the actuator due to the magnetic force therebetween when the hard disk drive is not used so that the actuator can be fixed. These crash stoppers determine the movement range of the actuator, that is, the head stroke. The head stroke is the movement distance between the outermost circumferential region and the innermost circumferential region where the head is movable by the actuator over the disk.
In a multi-platter system, two or more disks are provided with a head for each respective surface of each disk.
The hard disk drive allows a head to be selectively positioned over any one desired track of the tracks on the disk by means of a servo mechanism. The positioning of the head over the specific track is normally performed by two servo control mode operations including a track seek operation and a track following operation. The track seek operation, which is generally called a seek mode, is the operation for moving a head from the present track to the desired track while the following operation, which is generally called a following mode, is the operation for enabling a head to accurately follow the sought track.
For the track seek and track following operations as well as the read and write operations of data, each track on the surface of a disk has a sector format including a data sector and a servo sector alternately disposed on a track corresponding to each head. The servo sector is prepared for the servo control of the track seek and following operations and the data sector is prepared for the writing of user data.
If the operation mode of the hard disk drive is switched from a latched non-operation state into an operating state, a microcontroller controls the head parked in a parking zone in such a manner that the head moves toward a data zone on the disk.
If the hard disk drive is in the operation state, the microcontroller controls the spindle motors so that it could be rotated at a constant speed and when the motor is rotated at a constant speed, the microcontroller enables the actuator to be moved from the parking zone toward the data zone with the actuator overcoming the latch force (magnetic force) of the magnet by supplying a square wave current of a uniform size to the actuator. The moving of the head from the parking zone to the data zone is called the unlatching operation. In such an unlatching operation, only a predetermined square wave of a uniform size is supplied at the acceleration and deceleration edges of the square wave.
After applying an unlatching current in the forward and reverse directions, the speed of the head is checked. In such an unlatching operation, the application of the unlatching current is accomplished with an open loop.
In such an unlatching operation, there has been a problem in that after the head is unlatched, the speed of the head may be greater or less than a desired value, thereby causing the unlatching operation to be unstable. The main cause of the variation of the speed of the head is that the latch force of the magnet may not be identical for each hard disk drive and may vary to a certain extent due to time or environmental factors even for one hard disk drive.
The following patents each disclose features in common with the present invention but do not teach or suggest the specifically recited technique for regulating the current supply for non-latch operation when unlatching a head of a hard disk drive: U.S. Pat. No. 5,305,160 to Funches et al., entitled Compensating For Variations In Torque Capability Of Voice Coil Motors, U.S. Pat. No. 5,305,161 to Giovanetti et al., entitled Adaptive Track Seeking For Disk Drives, U.S. Pat. No. 5,392,174 to Suzuki, entitled Method And Apparatus For Controlling The Speed Of Movement Of The Head Of A Disk Drive Apparatus To A Target Track, U.S. Pat. No. 5,675,558 to Katoh, entitled Seeking Control Apparatus And Method For Disk Drives, Using Slew-Rate Limit For Control Output, U.S. Pat. No. 5,521,891 to Nakane, entitled Speed Detection Apparatus, Speed Control Motor, And Track Jump Control Circuit, U.S. Pat. No. 5,465,034 to Andrews Jr. et al., entitled Low Acoustic Noise Seeking Method And Apparatus, U.S. Pat. No. 5,291,110 to Andrews Jr. et al., entitled Low Acoustic Noise Seeking Method And Apparatus, U.S. Pat. No. 5,600,219 to Gomez, entitled Sensorless Closed-Loop Actuator Unlatch, U.S. Pat. No. 5,384,675 to Crawforth et al., entitled Disk Drive With Controlled Actuator Oscillation For Release Of Head Carriers, U.S. Pat. No. 5,341,259 to Amirkiai et al., entitled Pivoting, Dual State Magnetic Latch For Disk File Actuator, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,568,333 to Bang, entitled Actuator Latching Device Of Hard Disk Drive.

Stable unlatch control of hard disk drive


An X-ray apparatus includes a pixel-extracting section for extracting pixels determined in advance in each line of an image containing a grid moiré pattern, a FFT processing section for performing one-dimensional FFT to the extracted pixels, a peak-frequency detecting section for detecting a peak frequency from a frequency characteristic for each line having undergone FTT, a frequency-characteristic preparing section for preparing a frequency characteristic for extracting the grid moiré pattern in accordance with the detected peak-frequency, an inverse FFT processing section for performing inverse FFT to the frequency characteristic prepared by the frequency-characteristic preparing section, and an FIR filtering section for performing FIR filtering on the image with use of a value calculated by the inverse FFT processing section as an FIR filter coefficient.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to an X-ray apparatus for use in the medical and industrial fields that includes an X-ray grid provided in an incidence surface side of an X-ray detector for removing scattered rays, the X-ray detector detecting X-rays emitted from an X-ray tube and transmitting through a subject. This invention is directed to a technique of removing a grid moiré pattern by the X-ray grid from an obtained image.
2. Description of the Related Art
Such conventional X-ray apparatus includes a top board for supporting a subject placed thereon, an X-ray tube for irradiating the subject with X-rays, an X-ray detector, such as a direct conversion type flat panel detector (FPD) for detecting X-rays transmitting through the subject M. The X-ray tube emits X-rays, and the X-ray detector detects an intensity distribution of the X-rays transmitting through the subject M. Thereby, X-ray fluoroscopy and radiography are conducted, through which fluoroscopic X-ray images are successively displayed as dynamic images on a display, such as a monitor.
Here, scattered rays occur when X-rays emitted from the X-ray tube transmit through the subject. The obtained image containing the scattered rays is to be blurred and unclear. Then the X-ray grid that removes scattered rays is arranged on an incidence surface side of the X-ray detector, thereby removing the scattered rays. The X-ray grid has an absorber (e.g., lead) for absorbing X-rays and a transparent body (e.g., aluminum or air) for transmitting X-rays, the absorbers and the transparent bodies being disposed alternately in parallel. Thus, the X-ray detector can detect only X-rays that transmit between the adjacent absorbers of the alternately disposed absorbers and transparent bodies, i.e. only X-rays that transmit along the transparent body between the absorbers. Consequently, a clear image having a higher contrast can be obtained.
On the other hand, a grid moiré pattern appears periodically in a fluoroscopic X-ray image having scattered rays removed therefrom by the X-ray grid due to differences between a sampling interval of the X-ray detector and an interval of the X-ray grid (an interval of the adjacent absorbers, or an interval of the adjacent transparent bodies). Various methods have been proposed conventionally for removing the grid moiré pattern (grid pattern). See, for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 2005-21334A.
In Japanese Patent Publication No. 2005-21334A, applying different filters on each divided area of a radiation image can achieve suitable removal of the grid pattern from the radiation image. For example, a Gabor filter and a Wavelet filter are used for the filter.
Description will be given next of one example of the conventional methods of removing a grid moiré pattern by an X-ray grid with reference to FIGS. 1A through 1C and FIGS. 2A through 2C.
Now reference is made to FIG. 1A. FIG. 1A shows a fluoroscopic X-ray image obtained. An object to be observed is denoted by the symbol OB. A grid moiré pattern by an X-ray grid is denoted by the symbol G. Here, the grid moiré pattern appears such that lines extending vertically are arranged horizontally. An outer periphery of the fluoroscopic X-ray image is denoted by the symbol C by two-dot chain lines. Here, it is assumed that the X-ray detector detects X-rays transmitting through the subject and the X-ray grid using an image size of 2880×2880 pixels.
Firstly, one-dimensional Fast Fourier Transform (hereinafter, appropriately referred to as an "FFT") is performed on an image containing a grid moiré pattern by an X-ray grid (hereinafter, appropriately referred to as a "source image"), shown in FIG. 1A, for each one horizontal line from an upper portion of the image. At this time, the number of data points is 2880 pixels in one line. The FFT and inverse Fast Fourier Transform (hereinafter, appropriately referred to as an "inverse FFT") to be mentioned below are performed with powers-of-two number of data points. Thus, in order to calculate the number of data points of 2880 pixels through the FFT and the inverse FFT, powers-of-two number of data points including the number of data points of 2880 pixels are needed. Specifically, the number of data points of 211=2048 does not satisfy the 2880 data points. That is, at least the number of data points of 212=4096 is needed. One-dimensional FFT is performed for one line having the number of data points of 4096 points. Here, an example of one line to undergo FFT is denoted by the symbol L in FIG. 1A.
Next reference is made to FIG. 2A. FIG. 2A shows a frequency characteristic indicating the result of the one-dimensional FFT for one horizontal line in the source image. A peak frequency of the grid moiré pattern by the X-ray grid is detected for each line, as denoted by the symbol P in FIG. 2A, using a frequency characteristic of each line having undergone the FFT.
Next reference is made to FIG. 2B. A frequency characteristic for extracting grid moiré pattern components from the source image is prepared based on the detected peak frequency. The frequency characteristic is prepared with the number of data points of 2048 in accordance with the frequency characteristic shown in FIG. 2A.
Masking (filtering) of the frequency characteristic, shown in FIG. 2A, for each line having undergone one-dimensional FFT from the upper portion of the source image is performed with the frequency characteristic, shown in FIG. 2B, that are prepared based on the peak frequency. Specifically, calculation is performed through multiplying the frequency characteristic of FIG. 2A by that of FIG. 2B. Thereby, only frequency components of the grid moiré pattern as shown in FIG. 2C are to be extracted.
One-dimensional inverse FFT is performed to the frequency characteristic of only the grid moiré pattern components for each line having undergone masking, as shown in FIG. 2C. Thereby, a grid moiré pattern image as denoted by the symbol G′ in FIG. 1B is to be prepared. In this case, the inverse FFT is performed with the number of data points 4096 that is obtained through adding folding components to the number of data points 2048 for the frequency characteristic with the grid moiré pattern for each line having undergone masking being extracted.
Then, the grid moiré pattern image shown in FIG. 1B that is prepared through the inverse FFT is subtracted from the source image shown in FIG. 1A, whereby the grid moiré pattern is removed from the source image. FIG. 1C shows an image with the grid moiré pattern removed therefrom.
As mentioned above, when the X-ray detector has an image size of 2880 by 2880 pixels, for example, FFT and inverse FFT are performed with use of at least the number of data points of 212=4096. Thereby, the grid moiré pattern for removal from the source image is generated.
The conventional example as above has the following drawback. Specifically, where an image process, such as fluoroscopy, has to be performed in real time, an image process such as preparing and removing a grid moiré pattern is not performed in software. In other words, the same processing is mounted on hardware, such as an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), and the hardware is incorporated into the apparatus. Here, the hardware enables performance at a higher speed than the software. On the other hand, where image resolution, i.e., a pixel number is large, a calculation amount required for Fast Fourier Transform becomes extremely large. Thus, there may arise a drawback that an amount of logic and computation time necessary for hardware, such as an FPGA, increases.
For instance where the FFT is performed to data of 2880 pixels for one line, calculation requires powers-of-two number of data points including the number of data points of 2880 pixels, i.e., 4096 points. Therefore, large-scale calculation is to be needed. In this case, for example, calculation of the image for one line (2880 pixels) needs more time than that for input into hardware, such as the FPGA. As a result, it becomes impossible to perform an image process in real time. Thus an image process with hardware such as the FPGA cannot be achieved.


A system for establishing a center of gravity of a device under test (DUT) includes a test platform and a control device. The test platform includes three support elements and a marker. A sensor is positioned on top of each support element. The control device includes three processing modules and a central processing unit (CPU). Each sensor senses a pressure of the DUT on a support element, and outputs an analog signal to a processing module. Each processing module converts the analog signal into a digital signal, and outputs the digital signal to the CPU. The CPU controls the marker to make a mark on the DUT when values of three digital signals received from the three processing modules are equal.

1. Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to a system for locating and establishing center of gravity.
2. Description of Related Art
In the research and development stage, a center of gravity of an electronic device, such as a chassis of a desktop computer, is desired. Thus, the supports for components within the electronic device can be designed with appropriate strengths. However, it is difficult to find the center of gravity of the electronic device accurately.

System and method for establishing center of gravity

HONG FU JIN PRECISION INDUSTRY (ShenZhen) CO., LTD.


For allowing a high degree of resource consumption within a network a method for operating a network is claimed, wherein at least one end user device is connected to an access network, wherein the method is characterized in that the at least one end user device or an application on the end user device queries at least one network element of the access network and/or at least one network element attached to the access network about low layer parameters information for optimizing connection and/or protocol parameters after having received the queried low layer parameters information. Further, a network is claimed, preferably for carrying out the above mentioned method.

1. Field of the Invention
Further, the present invention relates to a network, preferably for carrying out the above method, wherein at least one end user device is connected to an access network.
2. Description of the Related Art
Today's access networks such as broadband or xDSL (x Digital Subscriber Line) networks and the devices connected to them have very particular properties that can significantly influence the performance of the network or Internet access as seen by the applications running on end user devices such as laptops and PCs. An end user device or system today has only limited means to address this issue as the information that would help to tune network stack parameters accordingly is not available as they do not directly connect to the access network but typically a home gateway or modem would connect to the access network on the one side and to a home network—often wireless LAN (Local Area Network), 802.11—on the other side. A, to a certain degree, similar problem can be found in the access networks today, where the DSL modem negotiates a rate with the MSAN/DSLAM (Multi Service Access Node/Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer). The BRAS (Broadband Remote Access Server) needs this lower layer information for QoS (Quality of Service) provisioning and accounting. A protocol has been devised to deal with this issue called ANCP (Access Node Control Protocol), see ANCP, http://tools.ietf.org/wg/ancp/. Other protocols in the access network space are far from fulfilling this role, such as TR-69, see http://www.broadband-forum.org/technical/download/TR-069Amendment2.pdfl, as they are used to operate and manage the home gateway, which is still (at least) one IP hop away from the end user device where the access network visibility is missing.
The problem described here is the problem of resource consumption of for example background applications such as P2P (Peer-to-Peer) and interactive applications such as VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol), Web browsing, gaming and others. The problem specifically is that background traffic should always yield to interactive traffic, i.e. it should stop or slow down the resource consumption, i.e. sending traffic, once interactive applications need it. In the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force), the Low Extra Delay Background Traffic (LEDBAT) working group is dealing with these issues, see IETF LEDBAT working group, http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/ledbat-charter.html. But the IETF approach is a so called end-to-end approach, which does not rely on information that the access network and the devices in it or attached to it can provide.
The congestion control algorithm proposed in S. Shalunov, "Low Extra Delay Background Transport (LEDBAT)", http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-shalunov-ledbat-congestion in the LEDBAT context tries to minimize the extra delay that background applications such as P2P add to interactive applications such as VoIP. It does so by estimating the delay it introduces. This delay is usually due to the modem buffer in the home gateway these days. Additionally, the base technology of the access network is important. E.g. in case ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) is used, also quite common today, the algorithm could be optimized to send segments that exactly fill the ATM cells. Assuming small upstream bandwidths (below approx. 500 kbps), this could help to lower the probability of unnecessary head of line blocking. These are all what we call lower layer information of the access network itself (e.g. technology used with bandwidth and cell sizes) and the devices in it or attached to it (e.g. buffer sizes).
It is to be noted that U.S. Pat. No. 7,051,087—System and method for automatic detection and configuration of network parameters—deals with a different issue then the present invention. This U.S. Pat. No. 7,051,087 deals with changing networks and their required re-parameterization, and it makes a claim about a home network and an enterprise network where one has a static IP and the other a dynamic one. The user needs to manually switch from one to the other.
In PONs (Passive Optical Network) upstream sender timeslots on the shared PON are assigned by quite sophisticated algorithms taking into account e.g., measurements on a frame level (layer 2), see Cauvin et al., Common Technical Specification of the G-PON System among Major Worldwide Access Carriers, IEEE ComMag October 2006, and references therein and Assi et al., "Toward Quality of Service Protection in Ethernet Passive Optical Networks: Challenges and Solutions" in IEEE ComMag September/October 2007, and references therein. With this method, the access network can inform the endpoints that are unaware of the access network about its specific, current paramterization which can enable the IP endpoints to adapt their sending behavior exactly to the learned boundary conditions, e.g. send packet bursts that exactly fit into timeslots in order to prevent them from dynamically growing and shrinking.

Method for operating a network and a network


A terminal device configured to communicate with a base station device receives random access common information including information on a random access response reception and information on a contention resolution message reception for each repetition level from the base station device, selects a random access preamble corresponding to a repetition level using the random access common information, and selects a contention resolution timer value corresponding to the repetition level selected from the random access common information.

In the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), a W-CDMA scheme is standardized as a third generation cellular mobile communication scheme, and service is provided. Furthermore, HSDPA which has a faster communication speed is also standardized, and service is provided.
At the same time, in the 3GPP, third generation radio access evolution, that is, Long Term Evolution (LTE) or Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (EUTRA) is standardized, and an LTE service has been started. An orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme which can withstand multipath interference and is appropriate for a high-speed transmission has been adopted for a downlink communication scheme of LTE. Furthermore, as a result of taking into consideration the cost and power consumption of a mobile station device, a discrete Fourier transform (DFT)-spread OFDM scheme of a single carrier-frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) scheme that can reduce a peak to average power ratio (PAPR) of a transmit signal has been adopted for an uplink communication scheme.
Furthermore, in the 3GPP, LTE-Advanced (or Advanced-EUTRA), which is an enhanced version of LTE, has been continually discussed. In LTE-Advanced, it is assumed that bands with a bandwidth of up to 100 MHz may be used in each an uplink and a downlink so as to perform communication at a maximum transfer rate of 1 Gbps or greater in the downlink and 500 Mbps or greater in the uplink.
It is thought that in LTE-Advanced, a band of up to 100 MHz can be achieved when a plurality of bands compatible with LTE are bundled so as to accommodate even a mobile station device of LTE. Note that in LTE-Advanced, one band of 20 MHz or less of LTE is called a component carrier (CC). The component carrier is also called a cell. Furthermore, bundling of bands of 20 MHz or less is referred to as a carrier aggregation (CA) (NPL 1).
On the other hand, in LTE-Advanced, cost reduction is being considered for a mobile station device corresponding to a particular category such as machine-type communication (MTC) or machine to machine communication (M2M) (NPL 2). Hereinafter, a mobile station device of MTC/M2M or a communication device of MTC/M2M is also referred to as machine type communication user equipment (MTCUE).
To achieve low-cost MTCUE that complies with the LTE standard and the LTE-Advanced standard, cost reduction methods have been proposed such as narrowing transmission/reception bandwidth, reduction in number of antenna ports/RF chains, reduction of transmission/reception data transfer rate, adoption of a half-duplex frequency division duplex scheme, reduction of transmit/receive power, and extension of discontinuous reception interval. Furthermore, it has also been proposed that as a method of achieving low-cost MTCUE, reduction of maximum bandwidth of a transmission/reception RF circuit and a transmission/reception baseband circuit of MTCUE is effective.
Furthermore, in MTC, a coverage enhancement for extending the transmission/reception range of MTCUE is also being considered along with cost reduction. To enhance the coverage, it is expected that a base station device repeatedly transmits downlink data or a downlink signal to MTCUE and the MTCUE repeatedly transmits uplink data or an uplink signal to the base station device (NPL 3).
For example, the base station device repeatedly transmits a physical broadcast channel PBCH to the MTCUE a plurality of times within 40 ms. Furthermore, in a random access procedure, the MTCUE uses a plurality of physical random access channels PRACH to repeatedly transmit the same random access preamble. Then, the base station device that receives the random access preamble repeatedly transmits a random access response message. Note that the base station device announces the repetition number to MTCUE within a cell on a broadcast channel BCH or individually announces the same to MTCUE (NPL 3).
For example, the number of repetitive transmissions of the random access preamble or the number of repetitive transmissions of the random access response message is announced on the broadcast channel BCH. Furthermore, the number of repetitive transmissions of the random access preamble includes a plurality of types of numbers of repetitive transmissions, and it is thought that the MTCUE can select one number of repetitive transmissions from the plurality of types of numbers of repetitive transmissions.

Terminal device, base station device, radio communication method, and integrated circuit


The present invention is directed to post-deposition, wet etch processes for patterning AuSn solder material and devices fabricated using such processes. The processes can be applied to uniform AuSn layers to generate submicron patterning of thin AuSn layers having a wide variety of features. The use of multiple etching steps that alternate between different mixes of chemicals enables the etch to proceed effectively, and the same or similar processes can be used to etch under bump metallization. The processes are simple, cost-effective, do not contaminate equipment or tools, and are compatible with standard cleanroom fabrication processes.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to semiconductor devices, and more particularly to light emitting devices and methods of fabricating light emitting devices.
2. Description of Related Art
Light emitting diodes and laser diodes are well known solid state electronic devices capable of generating light upon application of a sufficient voltage. Light emitting diodes and laser diodes may be generally referred to as light emitting devices (LEDs). Light emitting devices typically include a p-n junction formed in an epitaxial (epi) layer such as gallium nitride (GaN). The epi layer is usually grown on a substrate such as sapphire (Al2O3), silicon (Si), silicon carbide (SiC), or gallium arsenide (GaAs). The wavelength distribution of the light generated by the LED depends on the material from which the p-n junction is fabricated and the structure of the thin epitaxial layers that include the active region of the device. Commercial high-efficiency LEDs are typically fabricated from two classes of III-V semiconductor materials. Group-III nitride (III-N) based materials are used for the ultraviolet to blue-green color range, and Group-III arsenide-phosphide (III-AsP) for yellow to near-infrared.
There has been a great deal of recent interest in LEDs formed of Group-III nitride based material systems because of their unique combination of material characteristics, including high breakdown fields, wide bandgaps (3.36 eV for GaN at room temperature), large conduction band offset, and high saturated electron drift velocity. The doped and active layers in such devices are typically formed on a substrate which can be made from a variety of different materials such as silicon (Si), silicon carbide (SiC), and sapphire (Al2O3). SiC wafers are often preferred for such heterostructures because they have a much closer crystal lattice match to Group-III nitrides, resulting in Group-III nitride films of higher quality. SiC also has a very high thermal conductivity, such that the total output power of Group-III nitride devices on SiC is not limited by the thermal resistance of the wafer, as is the case for many devices formed on sapphire or Si. The availability of semi-insulating SiC wafers also provides the capacity for device isolation and reduced parasitic capacitance, which makes commercial devices possible.
During fabrication of semiconductor devices or circuits such as chips and multichip modules (MCM), a substrate (substrate wafer, growth wafer) provides the base or support for subsequent processing operations in which additional layers, components, or other materials are applied (e.g. epitaxial materials or layers, printed circuit boards, and disk platters). Patterning is a fabrication process in which a specific design can be introduced into a layer or surface during semiconductor fabrication. Patterning can be achieved in a number of ways, such as selectively depositing or selectively removing a material. Wet etching (chemical etching, chemical milling) is a patterning process used in semiconductor fabrication that removes a material by relying on chemical reactions in the liquid phase. The process typically uses acids, bases or other chemicals to dissolve away unwanted materials. Based on the nature, etching is broadly classified into isotropic and anisotropic. Isotropic etching is same in all directions while anistropic etching is direction sensitive. Material to be etched and type of the etchant determines the nature of the etch i.e. isotropic or anisotropic. For example, silicon is etched anisotropically in potassium hydroxide (KOH) while most of the commonly used metals (e.g. Au, Ag, Ni, Sn) and dielectrics (e.g. SiO2, SiN) in semiconductor technology utilize isotropic etchants. Anisotropic etch provides better control over the patterns or shapes to be produced while isotropic etch is employed in blanket etching or with combination of different materials for selective etching (patterning).
Selective wet etch processes rely on the different etch rates of an etchant for different materials. In a typical selective wet etch process, one material is etched rapidly while another is etched very slowly or not etched at all. An aqueous HF solution, for example, can etch SiO2 very rapidly while not etching silicon. For any particular etchant, the etch rate for the film being etched should be higher than the etching rates for both the mask and/or the substrate. Due to resolution limitations inherent in wet etching processing, the technique is generally used to pattern coarse features such as bond pads or large vias where, for example, an aspect ratio of 1 to 5 can be achieved reliably. However, despite such limitations, wet etch processing has found widespread use because it provides many advantages including low cost, high reliability, high throughput, and excellent selectivity with respect to both mask and substrate materials.
A typical wet etch process involves coating the target or etch layer on the semiconductor wafer with a etch mask. One of the most commonly used etch mask is photoresist. Standard Photolithography is performed in the photoresist to expose the regions of the target layer to be etched. Wafer is immersed in the etchant to etch the target layer. After etching, the mask layer, in this case photoresist is usually then removed, leaving one or more patterned target layers which may require further processing in order to cure, clean, or remove residual solvent. Most materials are patterned in this manner, including silicon dioxide (SiO2), Au and Sn.
Modern device architectures can require patterning of a composite gold-tin (AuSn) solder material during fabrication. Individually, gold (Au) or tin (Sn) metal films can be wet etched quite readily after deposition and commercial etches suitable for such processes are available and well known. The chemistries of the two metals, however, are quite different, such that no single chemical will etch both metals together. Therefore, patterning of composite AuSn solder material during device fabrication is typically achieved during deposition by using a selective area deposition technique, rather than by post-deposition selective etching of a blanket AuSn layer.
Selective deposition techniques typically used to pattern AuSn solder materials can include screen-printing through a patterned foil, electro-plating or vacuum deposition using a patternable sacrificial layer such as photo-resist, and physical cutting of free-standing thick films to create preforms or other materials molded into predetermined shapes, volumes, or dimensions, including without limitation a solder preform. These technologies, however, suffer from certain disadvantages.
Due to incorporation of flux in the solder paste, screen-printing of solder paste is not a clean process. The paste typically undergoes reflow to drive off the flux, which can lead to contamination and leave voids in the material. Minimum thickness and dimension requirements are therefore generally large for layers formed in this manner, typically in the range of 20-50 microns. Preforms can be used for selective solder bumping. However, the technology is thickness and size-limited, and also costly due to the need to physically place preform on a wafer.
In practice, therefore, the use of selective area deposition restricts the range of device architectures that are possible for AuSn solder due to the inherent limitations of available deposition techniques. Additionally, in some cases it is simply not desirable to pattern the AuSn at the time it is deposited. A uniform bond interface is simpler and preferred over a patterned bond, for example, when AuSn is used to wafer-bond two substrates.

Selective wet etching of gold-tin based solder


A surgical instrument having a long shaft comprises, in the shaft, a sealing element produced by primary shaping at the installation location. The sealing element is produced such that any actuating mechanisms are installed and held in place in the shaft and then a curable plastic material is injected into the shaft such that the material encloses the actuating element along a length that is greater than the inside diameter and smaller than its length.

Surgical instruments are used, for example, for clamping and closing, as well as, optionally, for severing clamped and closed blood vessels. Such instruments have been disclosed in, for example, DE 298 04 860 U1, U.S. Pat. No. 5,984,939, US 2010/0234687, WO 2010/009525 A1, DE 10 2010 040 667 A1, WO 2004/091377 A2, WO 97/41783, US 2009/017147 A1, WO 2008/020964 A2 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,855,590. The disclosed instruments, most of them being provided for laparoscopic or endoscopic use, commonly comprise an elongated shaft that extends away from a grip. Attached to the distal end of the shaft is a tool that can be moved, via an actuating device, with the use of the grip. A transmission mechanism establishes a driving connection between the actuating device and the tool. The transmission mechanism is e.g., a pull wire that extends through the tubular shaft. Naturally, a certain play must exist between the pull wire and the inside wall of the shaft to ensure ease of movement of the pull wire.
Surgical instruments are used in a moist environment. If moisture such as, for example, tissue fluid of any type, rinsing fluid or the like, enters a surgical instrument, this can result in electrical or other malfunctions. This is at least true for single-use surgical instruments. In multiple-use surgical instruments, it is also possible for fluid to enter the housing during the sterilization processes needed between different uses, which can cause failures in the housing.

Method of manufacturing a surgical instrument with increased reliability


Techniques are disclosed for leveraging user shopping habits to deliver store-relevant materials in a more efficient manner. User location and other relevant information may be analyzed to predict an in-store shopping path for future visits, which may include different store areas each having different store-relevant materials (e.g., coupons) associated therewith. Upon a user visiting the store on a future visit, the predicted path may be used to upload data to the user's portable computing device for store-relevant materials in the order in which they will likely be needed. As the user moves within the store, the portable computing device may purge data associated with store areas that have already been visited while pre-fetching the next store area likely to be visited next.

In many cases, a customer may visit a physical retail store location or a retailer's online store to purchase their products. To incentivize customers to do so, retailers have traditionally provided promotional materials such as coupons and informational material such as product descriptions or store events, which are increasingly being offered in a digital format versus the paper-clipped variety. With the introduction of such informational and promotional content, retailers have more options for easily delivering the same to customers, such as email, text messaging, online, and via a specific retailer application, which may be installed and operated on a smartphone.
As an example, digital coupons are typically stored and displayed on a relevant device as image files. For example, in the case of a smartphone application, the digital coupon data may be stored on a smartphone memory and presented to a user via the smartphone display once selected. Because of the graphical nature of digital coupons, storing several in a device memory may require a great deal of memory space, which is a cause for concern in portable devices such as smartphones that may have several other applications installed—all vying for memory space. Furthermore, traditional methods of digital coupon delivery do not take into consideration information about the user or the user's location, resulting in a large amount of coupons being irrelevant for a particular user's needs.
As a result, providing store-relevant materials in a digital format may provide a greater convenience over traditional paper coupons for customers, but doing so presents several challenges.

Leveraging predictive modeling for application optimization


A device for welding the bottom flange of a stiffener on the side of a skin. The stiffener and the skin are made of a composite comprising a thermoplastic polymer matrix. The device comprises a punch, an anvil and a press to make a clamping between the punch and the anvil. The punch comprises a part forming a pressure table with a cross-section width less than or equal to the width of the stiffener bottom flange and a heating element with width less than the width of the pressure table. The anvil comprises a cooling component and has a cross-section width smaller than the width of the skin. A method for implementing the device.

The stiffened panels comprise a skin, with thickness about 1/1000th of the smallest dimension of the panel, which panel has an area of about a square meter. The skin is stiffened by stringers with a cross section comprising a bottom flange adapted to be supported on a side of the skin and flanges with cross-sections extending along a plane perpendicular to the bottom flange. For example, the cross-section of such a stiffener is shaped in a "T", "I", "L", "Z" or omega (Ω) shape and assembled to the skin by their bottom flange, so that said sections extend along a direction referred to as the longitudinal direction that is substantially parallel to the largest dimension of the skin. In different exemplary embodiments, said skin is alternatively generally flat in shape, shaped in a developable shape or a non-developable shape called a double curvature shape. Longitudinal stiffeners, commonly referred to as 'stringers', extend longitudinally along a direction that is substantially the direction of the lighter curvature of the skin. Finally, the skin may comprise thickness variations that particularly lead to steps on the side of the skin on which the bottom flanges of the stiffeners are supported. While, in the case of a stiffened panel made of metal, the stringers are most often assembled to the skin by riveting, in the case of a panel made of a composite material with fiber reinforcement, the longitudinal stiffeners are preferably assembled to the skin without using mechanical fasteners, particularly by gluing or welding. For example, the document EP-A-2 268 471 describes an assembly method by co-curing a stiffener and a skin to make a stiffened panel, wherein the stiffener and the skin are made of a composite material with fiber reinforcement in a thermosetting matrix. Co-curing of the matrix of the stiffener and the matrix of the skin makes it possible, during the co-curing operation, to make a weld of the stiffener on the skin, where the bond is made by the material making up the thermosetting matrix. This method requires complex tooling, called integral tooling, which can retain the geometric integrity of both the skin and the stiffener during the co-curing operation; the tooling particularly comprises cores placed in the volumes located between the skin and the inside of the flanges of the Omega-shaped stiffener. The tooling, the area of which is at least equal to the area of the panel, is extremely costly to make and is specific to a given panel type; but one aircraft can comprise several hundreds of types of panel.
The document WO 2010/094808 describes a method and device suitable for the localized bonding of a stiffener on a thermosetting composite skin, particularly with a view to repairs. Said device applies pressure on the whole section of the stiffener, so that when said stiffener comprises a hollow section, it must be supported by inserting a core in said section.
Composite materials with a thermoplastic matrix, particularly when the matrix is made of high-performance polymer such as polyetheretherketone or PEEK, have mechanical properties such as impact resistance and fire behavior that make them particularly useful candidates for aeronautics applications, for use as structural materials. However, in order to assemble stiffeners on the skin of such a panel with a thermoplastic matrix, the matrix must be raised to a temperature above its melting temperature. Firstly, that temperature is high, about 400° C. for a PEEK matrix, making the designing of the tool complex, particularly vis-à-vis the control of thermal expansion. Secondly, the need to make the matrix melt and the eventual bulking of the melted polymer make it necessary for the tool to be both sealed and for it to allow the control of volumes, while retaining the placing of reinforcements during the various stages of the assembly operation between the condensed and liquid states of the matrix. These technical problems are obstacles to the use of composite materials with thermoplastic matrices for making large stiffened panels.

Device for high-temperature welding of a stiffener on a composite panel having a thermoplastic matrix


Various embodiments described herein provide one or more systems, methods, software, and data structures for the presentation of files packaged within a page description language document, such as a Portable Document format (“PDF”) document. Some embodiments include a packaged file presentation shell that may be instantiated within a user interface of a page description language reader application and then modified by a presentation overlay. Such as presentation overlay typically includes at least one standardized graphical element, which, when applied to the packaged file presentation shell, overrides respective standardized graphical element properties and presentation nodes.

Page description language documents, such as Portable Document Format (PDF) documents, are heavily used for many purposes. The number of purposes continues to grow as page description language specifications are expanded to provide more options for document creation and presentation. One of these options is the ability to package files within a page description language document.
Views of page description language documents including packaged files may be presented through a user interface of a page description language document reading application, such as an application in the Acrobat® family of applications available from Adobe Systems Incorporated of San Jose, Calif. Views of files packaged within a page description language document may be presented according to a graphical specification that defines a layout and other graphical display parameters.

Presentation overlays to modify presentations of packaged files


An overload clutch in which torque transmitting elements are held within hollow portions formed in one of a hub member or a driven plate member and are urged by a pressure plate against recesses formed in the other of the hub member or driven plate member so that torque may be transmitted and the torque transmitting elements are adapted to escape from said V-shaped recesses in opposition to an urging force. The pressure plate is formed with an inclined section for pressing the torque transmitting elements in a direction which substantially intersects the rotational axis of the clutch. The hollow portions for holding the torque transmitting elements are generally V-shaped when viewed axially, and the recesses for holding the torque transmitting elements are grooves of V-shaped cross section.

Conventionally, ball clutches and roller clutches have been provided as a safety device between a driving part and a driven part of a torque transmission mechanism so that the driving part may rotate idly when an overload is encountered in the driven part. Thus, possible damage to the transmission mechanism may be avoided.
In such an overload clutch, torque transmitting elements are held in hollow portions provided in one of a hub or a driven plate, and the torque transmitting elements are urged into recesses provided in the other of the hub or driven plate, thereby transmitting torque. When an overload is encountered in the driven part, the torque transmitting elements are adapted to escape from the recesses, thereby shutting off the torque transmission.
Conventionally, to enable the torque transmitting elements to move freely within the hollow portions during the escaping action, the elements are freely held within the hollow portions, namely by a substantial clearance.
However, with such a structure, when the driving part is reversely rotated, the clearance is liable to cause so-called "backlash", giving rise to relative displacement between the hub and the driven plate.
Moreover, even if the rotating direction is the same, the relative position between the hub and the driven plate may change due to the clearance after the overload condition has been removed.
It is possible to minimize the clearance by, for example, removing strain after heat treatment; however, such method entails a high manufacturing cost.
Accordingly, it is an object of this invention to provide an overload clutch in which the above-mentioned backlash may be eliminated and in which misalignment between the driving part and the driven plate may be absorbed. "Misalignment" refers to mounting error in terms of the spacing and the angular relative position between the driving part and the driven part.
Another object of this invention is to provide an overload clutch in which the backlash may be totally eliminated and in which torque transmission may be completely shut off in case of an overload being encountered.


A method is intended for automatically configuring address(es) between eNBs (NBi) of an LTE access network. This method comprises i) transmitting a chosen message to at least one Mobility Management Entity (MME) of a core network connected to the LTE access network, this chosen message including at least one transport layer address of a first eNB (NB1) and/or authentication and/or security data of this first eNB (NB1) for connection to the latter, and ii) relaying within a downlink message an identifier of this first eNB (NB1) and the at least one transport layer address and/or the authentication and/or security data for the connection of this first eNB (NB1) to a set of at least one chosen eNB (NBi).

One means here by "LTE access network" the E-UTRAN ("Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network"), which is an evolution of the UMTS ("Universal Mobile Telecommunications System") radio access network towards a high data rate, low latency and packet optimized radio access network, currently specified by the 3GPP ("3rd Generation Partnership Project"), notably in 3GPP Technical Specification 36.300. As described in this Technical Specification 36.300, the E-UTRAN comprises base stations called eNBs ("evolved Node Bs" or "E-UTRAN Node Bs"). In the control plane, each eNB comprises a S1 interface which is connected to one or several Mobility Management Entities (or MMEs) that belong to a core network called EPC ("Evolved Packet Core"). An eNB is connected to all the MMEs controlling the pool area(s) it serves. A MME is connected to all the eNBs serving a pool area controlled by a MME pool it belongs to. Moreover in a pool area one MME may be designated as master.
As it is known by the man skilled in the art, it has been proposed to introduce a new function related to SON ("Self-Optimizing Networks") in LTE access networks. This new function is called ANRF ("Automatic Neighbour Relation Function"). It applies when a User Equipment (or UE) informs the eNB to which it is connected, that it has detected a new neighbouring cell. It is recalled that an eNB controls at least one cell (associated to a cell identifier (called "global cell identifier")), that each eNB belongs to at least one tracking area identified by a code called TAC ("Tracking Area Code", which is generally a part of a tracking area identifier) and that eNBs may be connected therebetween through X2 connections.
According to ANRF, upon detection and reporting of a new neighbouring cell to a serving eNB, this eNB can ask a user equipment (or UE) to further read, decode and report what is the global cell id of this new neighbouring cell. When this eNB receives the global cell id, it has to derive from the global cell id at least one transport layer address (or TLA) that will enable it to try to dynamically setup an X2 connection with the eNB that controls the corresponding new detected cell.
In order to derive a transport layer address (or TLA) from a global cell id, an eNB must access either a central server of the DNS ("Domain Name Server") type or a local database that is supposed to have been previously populated by an O&M configuration (which is known to be dull and subject to errors). So, the current ANRF function is not fully automated.
At least two proposals have been made to automate the retrieval of the transport layer addresses.
A first proposal consists in constructing standardized Fully Qualified Domain Names (or FQDN) based on global cell ids in order to resolve the IP addresses by a standardized DNS look-up. However, this proposal has not been retained by 3GPP so far because it puts too much constraint on the global cell ids. Indeed, it requires definition of standardized cross-domain FQDN and associated building rules.
A second proposal consists of using classical vendor DNS look-ups but requires coordination effort to populate and coordinate inter-vendor DNSs and proprietary look-up implementations in order to be able to look-up a global cell id that is unknown in an initial node domain.
Moreover, establishment of X2 connections only based on global cell ids may induce security problems.

Method for automatically configuring addresses and/or security data between evolved node Bs (eNBs) of a long term evolution (LTE) access network, and associated mobility management entities (MME) and evolved node B (eNB)


A connecting structure of shield terminals configured to tighten and connect a pair of shield terminals with a single bolt simultaneously in a smaller space, the structure includes: two shield terminals each having a circular portion into which a braided wire of a shield electric wire is inserted and connected, a plate portion extended from the ring-shaped portion along the shield electric wire, and a projecting piece extended perpendicular to the plate portion from a tip of the plate portion and having a bolt-insertion hole at the center thereof, wherein one wall of the projecting piece is positioned on an extension of a center line (m) of the ring-shaped portion, wherein one shield terminal is inverted 180 degree, and wherein the one wall of the projecting piece of the one shield terminal is overlapped with and abuts on the one wall of the projecting piece of the other shield terminal.

As an embodiment of a conventional connecting structure of shield terminals, for example, in PLT1, it is described to connect left-and-right pair of shield terminals with braided wires of shield electric wires. Each shield terminal is composed of a ring-shaped portion to be inserted over the braided wire, an L-shaped plate portion extended vertically from the ring-shaped portion, and a bolt-insertion hole provided on the plate portion. While plate portions of both shield terminals are overlapped with each other up and down, a single bolt is inserted into both bolt-insertion holes. Then, the shield terminals are fixed to and connected to a box-shaped metallic shield shell with a nut.

Connecting structure of shield terminals


An image signal compression method and system. Without involving the current processing pixel, an encryption key and a decryption key are respectively and separately generated by a compression subsystem and a decompression subsystem. Both of the encryption and decryption keys are separately generated using the same principle of pixel prediction. Both of the encryption and decryption keys have the same value. In the compression subsystem, the encryption key is subtracted from the pixel value of the current processing pixel to generate a compressed data. In the decompression subsystem, the decryption key is added to the compressed data to recover the pixel value of the current processing pixel.

Gate count on the compression area of an image sensor chip used within a video capturing device (e.g., a digital camcorder or a web cam) is a major factor in the cost of the sensor chip. As such, if the gate count of the compression area can be reduced, then the manufacturing cost of the video capturing device containing the sensor chip can be reduced.
Compression methods such as JPEG are typically used to compress the video images captured by the sensor area of the sensor chip within the video capturing device (e.g., a digital camcorder). However, JPEG style compression area on a video capturing device requires buffers that occupy a sizeable portion of sensor chip in the video capturing device. The high gate count of the compression area necessitates high manufacturing cost of the video capturing device.

Image signal compression method and system


A filtration system for filtering out bacteria, Giardia cysts, turbidity and other impurities in raw water supplied to a home or the like including a sealed container divided into an upper and a lower chamber by a support plate, the support plate supporting a quantity of filter material sufficient for filtering out undesired bacteria, turbidity and other impurities from the raw water; the sealed container having a raw water inlet pipe communicating with an inlet area above the filter material for supplying the raw water, and a filtered water outlet pipe communicating with the lower chamber for exhausting filtered water from the container; and further including a geofilter cloth provided on top of the filter material for supporting a biological "schmutzdecke" growth thereon which, along with the filter material, filters out bacteria, turbidity, Giardia cysts and other impurities. The sealed container also includes a quick drainage pipe and a treated water supply which are provided for cleaning of the filtration system.

There are many small commercial water filtering systems in use throughout the United States and some of these systems provide questionable drinking water to consumers. Many of these small filtering systems exist where the surface and shallow ground water quality tend to be high, such as New England, Pennsylvania, Colorado and the Northwest. The water provided by these systems appears to be acceptable, however, without adequate bacterial and chemical testing the actual water quality is unknown. Recent reports indicate that there has been an increased amount of waterborne disease since 1961 and this trend particularly applies to small water systems. As the population continues to increase, there are fewer and fewer water sources in the United States where the water supplies can be adequately protected from contamination. Moreover, as man continues to populate the water sheds, adequate water treatment is becoming more and more necessary for surface and spring water supplies.
Indigenous animals may also contribute to contamination of water supplies and one specific problem is the occurrence of Giardia cysts. Many animals, particularly beaver and muskrat, serve as a reservoir or carrier of this organism and an increase in Giardia cyst cases has been reported over the past few years. The outbreaks have tended to occur more frequently with consumers of small water systems or where the water is provided to a consumer directly from a clear spring, brook, pond or lake, after being treated with only chlorine, if treated at all. In the case of the Giardia cyst, only excessive chlorination will affect the cyst and normal chlorination is virtually ineffective. Moreover, unlike bacterial exposure, the injestion of a very few Giardia cysts will usually produce a parasitic disease.
The probability of small water system users becoming exposed to this organism is increasing daily. Moreover, the cold water areas of this country are considered to be the most susceptible to this type of contamination and filtration followed by disinfection, such as chlorination, is now considered the primary effective barrier against Giardia cysts. The small water systems have a difficult time meeting acceptable bacterial and turbidity criteria which are required for acceptable disease-free drinking water. Therefore, if the small water treatment systems are to provide safe and potable water, some form of treatment beyond disinfection is required.
Presently there are many methods of treating water to remove bacteria, turbidity, and other contaminates and impurities. Many of these systems are extremely effective in purifying virtually any source of water. However, the associated costs and the required technical know-how are the main limiting factors of the high technology systems, and these factors generally are prohibitively expensive for small water systems.

Compact biofilter for drinking water treatment


Systems, methods, and other embodiments associated with graph searching are described. One example method includes selecting a first engine for searching a graph for instances of a pre-specified sub-graph. The example method may also include controlling execution of a search for the pre-specified sub-graph using the first engine. The example method may also include storing performance data describing a performance indicator of the search.

Some companies use directed graphs to model information technology (IT) infrastructures that are important to the company. As a company gets larger, the company's IT infrastructure may also expand, making a graph modeling the infrastructure more difficult to search. For example, a network administrator may desire to know which of their company's web applications interact with databases. For a small infrastructure, it may be possible for the administrator to recite the list from memory. However, for companies spanning multiple cities, states, and even countries, it may be next to impossible for a person to manually keep track of the entire list of applications, let alone quickly determine which ones interact with databases. Thus, some companies maintain and/or access IT infrastructure relationship data by running search queries over a graph model of the IT infrastructure.
Some conventional graph searching techniques may use heuristics to determine how to most efficiently run a topological search. For example, some techniques include analyzing the ratio of nodes in the graph to the number of edges in the graph to determine whether a topology traversal or a database query is an efficient first step in returning a list of sub-graphs that match a search query. Other techniques may look at information associated with individual nodes and/or edges specifically. However, it may be difficult for heuristics based approaches to select efficient engines for searching different graphs using different queries.

Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.


A rotary transformer system (20) comprises a rotatable shaft (28) having at least one and preferably plural electrically conductive slip rings (27) mounted thereon. The slip rings (27) of the phase planes are electrically connected to their respective windings on rotor assembly (22) by the bus conductors (80). The bus conductors (80) extend through respective phase isolated bus ducts (82) formed interiorly in rotatable shaft (28). The bus ducts (82) have a buffer (146) provided therebetween so that the bus ducts (82) are not in physical contact, but are spaced apart and separated. A mouth (160) and annulus (162) of each bus duct (82) extend through a cover plate (164). The cover plate (164) is secured by fasteners (166) through insulated spacers (167) and is held slight aloft above the circumference of rotatable shaft (28), thereby insulating cover plate (164) from rotatable shaft (28). The cover plates (164) of adjacent bus ducts (82) are electrically connected by a flux plate (170). The flux plate (170) extends around the exterior of rotatable shaft (28) and is secured to rotatable shaft (28) by fastener assemblies (172). Each phase conductor (80) is thus in its own grounded metal enclosure, e.g., bus duct (82). The isolated phase bus ensures that any fault or electrical failure or arc-over will occur first to ground before becoming a phase to phase fault.

There are systems, such as synchronous motors and generators, which supply electrical current to a rotor winding by way of slip rings. The current is typically applied to the slip rings via brushes mounted on a fixed conducting ring. Ordinarily, the slip rings in such systems are at low voltage.
A rotary transformer system comprises a rotatable shaft having at least one and preferably plural electrically conductive slip rings mounted thereon. The slip rings of the phase planes are electrically connected to their respective windings on rotor assembly by the bus conductors. The bus conductors extend through respective phase isolated bus ducts formed interiorly in rotatable shaft. The bus ducts have a buffer provided therebetween so that the bus ducts are not in physical contact, but are spaced apart and separated.
A mouth and annulus of each bus duct extend through a cover plate. The cover plate is secured by fasteners through insulated spacers and is held slight aloft above the circumference of rotatable shaft, thereby insulating cover plate from rotatable shaft. The cover plates of adjacent bus ducts are electrically connected by a flux plate. The flux plate extends around the exterior of rotatable shaft and is secured to rotatable shaft by fastener assemblies. Each phase conductor is thus in its own grounded metal enclosure, e.g., bus duct. The isolated phase bus ensures that any fault or electrical failure or arc-over will occur first to ground before becoming a phase to phase fault.

Bus duct assembly for high-power rotary current transformer system


A gas demand device cycles through five successive operation phases: gas is prevented from flowing through the timing gas and demand gas flow paths; gas is allowed to flow through the timing gas flow path and gas is prevented from flowing through the demand gas flow path; gas is allowed to flow through the timing gas and demand gas flow paths; gas is prevented from flowing through the timing gas flow path and gas is allowed to flow through the demand gas flow path; and gas is prevented from flowing through the timing gas and demand gas flow paths.

Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to gas demand devices.
Related Art
Gas demand devices are used to provide controlled amounts of gas for inhalation by persons. Two examples of these kinds of devices include oxygen demand devices for patient oxygen therapy and oxygen demand devices for airplane crew and/or passengers in low oxygen or low pressure environments aboard aircraft.
Oxygen demand devices in the home healthcare market have for many years improved the usable duration of supply vessels (cylinders, tanks, containers, etc.) over continuous flow devices (regulators, flowmeters, liquid oxygen dewars, etc.) while still adequately satisfying the clinical needs of the oxygen patent. These systems typically only provide oxygen to the user during the inhalation portion of a breath, optimally in the first half of the user's inhalation.
Initially most devices were electronic using batteries as a power source. Later, pneumatic device using the pressure in the supply vessel as a power source became the preferred systems due to no need for batteries, smaller size and ease of use. Both types afforded the oxygen patient to ambulate for longer periods of time and/or require less frequent oxygen supply refills.
Weight reduction in aerospace is a constant goal to reduce fuel consumption, increase range and improve safety. Current systems for on-board oxygen provide continuous flow oxygen which limits supply duration, requires the maximum size supply vessel storage space will allow regardless if used which in most flights they are not and can limit aircraft range.
Some home healthcare demand systems have been tried in commercial aviation market with limited acceptance and success. Most were not durable enough for the rigors of the commercial aviation market or provide inadequate interface with the aircraft storage system.
Therefore it is an object of the invention to provide a method and apparatus for regulating gas flow that does not experience the exhibited by conventional gas flow regulation methods and apparatuses.

Gas demand device, method of installation, gas delivery system, and method of use

L'Air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'Etude Et L'Exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude


A base station associated with a cellular network may receive a request for a service from a user device. The base station may determine a current location of the user device. The base station may determine, based on the current location, a set of future locations for the user device. The base station may generate a set of schedules for the current location and the set of future locations. The set of schedules may allocate network resources to the user device at the current location and at each future location of the set of future locations. The base station may transmit the set of schedules to the user device.

A user may use a user device to perform various tasks (e.g., sending and/or receiving electronic mail (e-mail) messages, placing telephone calls to other user devices, browsing the internet, etc.). The user device may connect to a cellular network, via one of multiple base stations, to send and receive data associated with performing a task.


A method for reducing a code size of a software pipelined loop, the software pipelined loop having a kernel and an epilog. The method includes first evaluating a stage of the epilog. This includes selecting a stage of the epilog to evaluate (504) and evaluating an instruction in a reference stage. This includes identifying an instruction in the reference stage that is not present in the selected stage of the epilog (506) and determining if the identified instruction can be speculated (508). If the identified instruction can be speculated, such is noted. If the instruction cannot be speculated, it is determined whether the identified instruction can be predicated (512). If the instruction can be predicated, it is marked as needing predication (514). Next, it is determined if another instruction in the reference stage is not present in the selected stage of the epilog (510). If there is, the instruction evaluation is repeated. If there is another stage of the epilog to evaluate, the evaluation is repeated (518).

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to the field of Optimizing Compilers for computer systems; specifically, it relates to a method for collapsing the prolog and epilog of software pipelined loops.
2. Description of the Related Art
Software pipelining is key to achieving good performance software architectures that support Instruction Level Parallelism (ILP architectures), which are generally architectures that are capable of issuing parallel instructions. Instructions may be considered to be xe2x80x9cparallel operationsxe2x80x9d if their operations overlap in time, such as when an instruction has delay slots.
Software pipelining improves loop performance by exposing and exploiting instruction-level parallelism between consecutive loop iterations. For example, a loop body may consist of three instructions (ins1, ins2, and ins3), a decrement, and a conditional branch back to the beginning. In the absence of software pipelining and assuming dependence constraints are met, a possible xe2x80x9cschedulexe2x80x9d for this code on a VLIW processor might be as follows:
Software pipelining overlaps multiple consecutive iterations of the loop to improve throughput, and therefore performance. For instance, assuming that all dependence constraints are met, a possible pipelined version of the loop in the example above might look as follows:
In the pipelined code above, the 3 cycle loop becomes a 1 cycle loop by parallelizing 3 consecutive iterations of the loop. The kernel of the loop acts as a pipeline, processing one xe2x80x9cstagexe2x80x9d of each of the iterations in parallel. The pipeline is primed and drained through the xe2x80x9cprologxe2x80x9d and xe2x80x9cepilogxe2x80x9d code that surrounds the kernel.
In general, all prolog, epilog, and kernel stages consist of II cycles, where II is the xe2x80x9cinitiation interval.xe2x80x9d In the example above, II=1. In other cases, II might be greater than 1.
In some cases, each stage may consist of multiple cycles. For instance, a kernel may be more than one cycle in length. For example, this may be due to hardware restrictions, such as the need to perform three multiplication operations when there are only two multipliers available. To accomplish this, two multiplications would be performed in parallel in one cycle of the kernel, and the third multiplication would be performed in the other cycle.
The kernel size may also be increased because of loop carried data dependencies in the loop being software pipelined. Future loop iterations cannot start until the current iteration completes the computation of a result required by the future iteration.
Therefore, a need has arisen for a system and method for collapsing the prolog and the epilog of software pipelined loops.
In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, software-based techniques which reduce code expansion by rolling some or all of the prolog and/or epilog back into kernel are applied. This may be accomplished via xe2x80x9cprolog collapsingxe2x80x9d and xe2x80x9cepilog collapsing.xe2x80x9d
According to one embodiment of the present invention, a method for reducing the code size of a software pipelined loop having a prolog, a kernel, and an epilog is disclosed. This method involves the collapsing of an epilog and/or a prolog. Stages are processed inside-outxe2x80x94that is, starting with the stage closest to the kernel, and working out from the kernel. A stage can be collapsed (i.e., rolled into the kernel) if instructions that are present in either a previous stage, or in the kernel, can be either speculated or predicated. If a stage is encountered that cannot be completely collapsed, the process is complete.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, a method for reducing a code size of a software pipelined loop having a kernel, an epilog, and optionally, a prolog includes the following steps. The stages of the epilog may be evaluated inside-out. Instructions that are present in a reference stage, which may be the kernel or a previously evaluated stage of the epilog, but not in the selected stage, are evaluated. If the identified instructions can be speculated, they are noted as capable of being speculated. If the instructions are not capable of being speculated, it is determined if the instructions can be predicated. If the instructions can be predicated, they are marked as capable of being predicated. If instructions cannot be speculated or predicated, the stage cannot be collapsed. The method is repeated for all stages of the epilog until the epilog cannot be collapsed.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, a method for reducing a code size of a software pipelined loop having a prolog, a kernel, and, optionally, an epilog ,includes the following steps. The stages of the prolog may be evaluated inside-out. Instructions that are present in a reference stage, which may be the kernel or a previously evaluated stage of the prolog, but not in the selected stage, are evaluated. If the identified instructions can be speculated, they are noted as capable of being speculated. If the instructions are not capable of being speculated, it is determined if the instructions can be predicated. If the instructions can be predicated, they are marked as capable of being predicated. If instructions cannot be speculated or predicated, the stage cannot be collapsed. The method is repeated for all stages of the prolog until the prolog cannot be collapsed.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, a method for reducing a code size of a software pipelined loop having a prolog and a kernel, and, optionally, an epilog, the kernel having a plurality of cycles, includes the following steps. Stages may be processed from the inside-out. The innermost unprocessed cycle of a candidate stage is identified, and instructions that are present in a reference stage, which may be the kernel or a previously evaluated stage of the prolog, but not in the identified stage, are evaluated. If the identified instructions can be speculated, they are noted as capable of being speculated. If the instructions are not capable of being speculated, it is determined if the instructions can be predicated. If the instructions can be predicated, they are marked as capable of being predicated. If instructions cannot be speculated or predicated, the stage cannot be completely collapsed. The method is repeated for all cycles of all stages of the prolog until the prolog cannot be completely collapsed.
Consider the cycle on which the process got stuck. This becomes the current cycle. If this is not the innermost cycle of the current stage, it is determined whether a branch can be inserted. If so, the candidate stage is partially collapsed. If not, the next innermost cycle becomes the current cycle. The process is repeated until a branch can be inserted and a stage can be partially collapsed or an innermost cycle of a current stage is encountered.
A technical advantage of the present invention is that a method for collapsing the prolog and epilog of software pipelined loops is disclosed. Another technical advantage of the present invention is that code size is reduced. Another technical advantage of the present invention is that the method of the present invention makes code more efficient.

Method for collapsing the prolog and epilog of software pipelined loops


Presentation of accessible content is in accordance with a grid established by rules independent of the content. Different rules establish different grids utilizable with the same content, thereby enabling proper formatting across a wide range of devices and displays. The rules provide for fixed size and auto sized column widths and row heights. Additionally, the rules provide for column widths and row heights size based on fractional weighting of the remaining space after the fixed size and auto sized grid members are accounted for. The grid establishes a coordinate system onto which content is “hung” by aligning an aspect of the content with a coordinate point. Content is hung by reference to its beginning, its end, its center point, or, alternatively, content can be specified to be stretched to fit the width of the column and the height of the row with which it is associated.

Network-accessible content can be accessed from a myriad of devices that can have widely differing capabilities, including display capabilities. One type of device that can access network-accessible content are traditional computing devices, including laptop and desktop computers, which typically comprise a sufficiently sized display to enable all but the most complex of network-accessible content to be displayed without egregious formatting changes. Another type of device that can access network-accessible content are smaller, more portable, and often more limited computing devices, such as tablet computing devices, personal digital assistants, smartphones, and other like devices which typically may not comprise, due to their portability and dedicated functionality, large displays. Accessing network-accessible content on such devices can either result in a sub-optimal viewing experience for the user, or can require a substantial amount of reformatting to properly display the network-accessible content on the limited displays of such devices.
Often, the authors of network-accessible content desire to make such content both as broadly available as possible, and as easy to consume as possible. For example, one type of network-accessible content that is designed to be both broadly available and easily consumable are the ubiquitous webpages that comprise the World Wide Web. Traditionally, the authors of such webpages desire that their content is presented in a controlled and visually pleasing manner irrespective of the type of computing device utilized to access such content. Thus, traditionally, the authors of such webpages desire that their content appear in a pleasing manner whether it is viewed on a computing device having a large display, such as a laptop or desktop computer, or whether it is viewed on a computing device having substantially smaller displays, such as tablet computing devices, personal digital assistants, or smart phones.
While traditional text-based content can be fairly easily reformatted for any size display, such as, for example, by simply changing the length of a line of text in accordance with the width of the display, other content can be more difficult to format such that it appears in a pleasing manner on a wide variety of displays and display sizes. For example, tables or tabular structures can be difficult to reformat for displays that are not as wide as the table. Often, such reformatting results in visually unappealing layouts, with elements that were supposed to be proximate to one another being placed further apart and in areas that their relationship is no longer evident. Other layout formats, that the authors of webpages may desire to use in order to arrange and present visually pleasing content, can be likewise difficult to reformat for small displays.


Disclosed is a handshake correction apparatus of a photographing apparatus. The handshake correction apparatus includes a lens support plate that supports a correction lens and operates in a direction perpendicular to an optical axis; a base that supports the lens support plate to be movable; and magnets and driving coils which are assembled on the lens support plate and the base to face each other, wherein the magnets are tight-fitted in assembly grooves of the lens support plate or the base, and wherein one or more protrusions that protrude from internal walls of the assembly grooves toward the magnets and elastically press the magnets are formed in the assembly grooves. Control performance of a correction operation of the handshake correction apparatus may be improved by ensuring alignment between assembly structures of assembly parts including magnets and yokes.

The present invention relates to a handshake correction apparatus of a photographing apparatus, and more particularly, to a handshake correction apparatus capable of correcting image blur caused by the hand of a user shaking.
Digital cameras capture an image of a subject, convert the image into image data, and record the image data in an appropriate file format. If the captured image is affected by the hand of a user shaking or external vibration, the captured image may be blurred, thereby having low quality.
Currently, various image stabilization techniques for automatically correcting camera shake have been developed. For example, a method of fixing an image-forming location on an image sensor by driving and controlling an optical lens to move by an appropriate amount corresponding to camera shake has been considered. In this case, a voice coil motor (VCM) actuator operating based on electromagnetic interaction between magnets and driving coils may be used to drive the optical lens. However, if misalignment occurs between the magnets and the driving coils or between the magnets and yokes, control performance of a correction operation is decreased.

Handshake correction apparatus of photographing apparatus


The preferred methodology for classifying VLANs based on the content of a packet arriving at the edge switch involves receiving a policy that defines content based classification of VLANs for packets from a network management station; assigning a VLAN to the packet received from a node based on inspection of a content of the packet and the policy received from the network management station; and sending the packet with the assigned VLAN to other nodes in the network for operations based on the assigned VLAN.

This section introduces aspects that may be helpful in facilitating a better understanding of the invention. Accordingly, the statements of this section are to be read in this light and are not to be understood as admissions about what is in the prior art or what is not in the prior art.
Several technical terms and/or phrases will be used throughout this application and merit a brief explanation.
A Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) is a group of clients that communicate as if they were connected irrespective of their actual geographical location. VLANs are like LANs but do not require VLAN members to be located on the same network switch.
A VLAN tag is an Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.1Q tag inserted into a data frame or packet which includes a tag protocol identifier (TPI), a priority code point (PCP), a canonical format indicator (CFI) and a VLAN identifier (VID). The VID specifies the VLAN to which the frame belongs.
Internet Protocol (IP) multicast utilizes multicast addressing to allow IP packets to be sent to a group of receivers in a single transmission rather than unicasting from the source to each receiver individually.
An access control list (ACL) is a list that specifies which users are permitted access to objects and what operations are allowed on given objects.
Quality of Service (QoS) refers to a mechanism to control resources in a packet-switched telecommunications network and not to the achieved service quality. Quality of Service allows different priority to be given to different data flows from different users to guarantee a certain level of performance to a data flow from a given user.
Bridging permits packets to be forwarded over the Internet and relies on inspection of source addresses in received packet headers and broadcasting to locate devices in the network. A table is used to store the MAC addresses of located devices for further use when packets are received.
A Service Level Agreement (SLA) is a portion of a service contract in which the level of service is formally defined between a customer and a service provider.
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a network protocol for copying a file from one host to another over the Internet.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a network protocol that is the foundation for the World Wide Web. A computer submits a HTTP request to a server hosting a website and storing content such as HyperText Markup Language (HTML) files.
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) is a network protocol for providing security over the Internet.
User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is a network protocol that allows computer programs to send datagrams to other hosts on the network without setting up a predetermined data path.
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a network protocol that permits more reliable delivery of data packets than UDP from one computer to another computer.
Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP) is a network protocol for delivering audio and video over the Internet.
A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a string of characters for identifying a name or resource on the Internet.
A Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is a URI that identifies where a resource is available and how to access the resource.
A Network Management System (NMS) involves both hardware and software used for managing a network.
A bridge and a switch are devices used in a network to connect other network segments. A switch has numerous ports compared to a bridge.
A router is a device that connects two or more networks and permits data to be exchanged between the networks.
A residential gateway is a device used to connect devices in the home to the Internet and may include a modem, a switch and a router. A gateway router is a router that serves as an access point to another network.
Network devices traditionally classify received traffic into VLAN based traffic using the following classification methods: (1) port based VLAN or default VLAN assignment (for untagged traffic); (2) assignment based on the VLAN ID stored in the VLAN tag of the packet (for tagged traffic); (3) protocol based VLAN assignment; and (4) IP subnet based VLAN assignment.
These VLAN classification methods are based on fixed policies. All customer traffic, regardless of the content of the traffic, gets classified based on these policies. The traditional Ethernet network then sets up the bridging rules to setup the topology path for the customer traffic. In the Ethernet cloud, all the decisions related to Layer 2 switching, security and QoS are based on the VLAN that has been assigned to the traffic on the ingress enterprise switches.
The edge switches classify the packets/traffic based on the aforementioned VLAN classification techniques. No further sub-classification of the customer traffic based on the content of the traffic occurs. Thus, the FTP traffic, HTTP traffic to server X, HTTP traffic to server Y and voice traffic or video traffic might all be classified in the same VLAN. All the customer traffic is then switched through the customer network based on the VLAN classification performed on the edge switch.
Network administrator equipment might have the capability to use ACLs to apply QoS and security policies independently of the traffic flows, but these policies have to be distributed uniformly to all the edge switches and to some extent to the core switches, creating increased administrative overhead for the network administrator. Any change in user policies involves administrative work to create differential behavior to the traffic flows which are subscribing to a specific content.
The user traffic is often a mix of different traffic flows (e.g. FTP, HTTP, IP multicast and RTP). Even within the HTTP traffic, the content might be destined to different routing gateways thus requiring different bridging and QoS policies in the Ethernet cloud.
Current network solutions do not classify traffic into VLANs based on the content of the traffic. The network administrator does not have a mechanism to look deep into the packet and sub-classify the traffic (which can be destined to the same destination) into separate VLANs.
Hence, there is a need for devices and methodology that efficiently, reliably and affordably permits classifying traffic to a Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) based on the content of the traffic and constructing a framework for a network based on content based bridging of traffic.

Content based VLAN classification and framework for ethernet network to support content based bridging


Apparatuses, systems, and methods are presented for energy storage. A plurality of input connectors are configured to receive input power from one or more power sources. A plurality of input power converters are coupled to the input connectors, and are configured to convert the input power to direct current (DC) power for storage. A controller is configured to control power flow through the input power converters on a per-converter basis so that separate converters are separately controlled. One or more output power converters are configured to convert stored DC power to output power for use by one or more loads. The controller is configured to control power flow through the one or more output power converters. One or more output connectors are configured to transfer the output power to the one or more loads.

People may install solar panels or other power sources that use renewable energy for a variety of reasons. For example, power from renewable energy sources may reduce dependence on non-renewable energy from fossil fuels, reduce carbon emissions, reduce power bills, provide backup power for use in a power outage, provide off-grid power for mobile or remote locations, or the like. Solar panels or other renewable energy sources may be installed in residences, commercial spaces, and other locations where renewable energy is available from the sun, wind, a hydropower reservoir, or the like
However, various issues may deter people from installing or using renewable electric power. Costs may be prohibitive for solar panels, for installation, and for related equipment such as batteries for energy storage, an inverter for producing alternating current, or the like. Installation of solar panels as a permanent fixture of a home or building may deter users who do not own the building, or who plan to move or sell the building before the high initial costs of installation would be fully offset by the ongoing benefits of use. Users may find that backup power is not available in a power outage if the utility company that operates the grid requires grid-tied solar or renewable energy systems to power down for safety reasons. Also, power from solar panels may be intermittent on cloudy days, limited at high latitudes, unavailable at night, or the like. Power from other renewable sources may by similarly intermittent, limited, or unavailable due to local conditions. For example, wind power may be unavailable on windless days. Energy storage or a grid connection may compensate for intermittent power generation, so that appliances can be used at night, but a large energy storage system may be prohibitively expensive, while a small energy storage system may not provide grid independence.

Multi-input power conversion and energy storage


Object of the present invention is a better crystalline form of Eltrombopag (ETP) monoethanolamine salt, named Form D, stable, suitable for pharmaceutical purposes, and with the highest solubility in water and excellent non-hygroscopicity, then the related process and intermediates thereof.

Eltrombopag (abbreviate with the acronym ETP) is a small molecule, non-peptide thrombopoitin (TPO) receptor agonist that stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of megakaryocytes.
ETP has the following chemical formula (II):
and has chemical name 3′-{(2Z)-2-[1-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-3-methyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydro-4H-pyrazol-4-ylidene]hydrazino}-2′-hydroxy-3-biphenyl carboxylic acid or 3′-{N′-[1-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-3-methyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydropyrazol-4-ylidene]hydrazino}-2′-hydroxybiphenyl-3-carboxylic acid.
This molecule is an active pharmaceutical ingredient, which is known in the market with the commercial name Promacta® in the USA and Revolade® in most countries outside the USA.
Specifically, ETP is used to treat adults and children one year of age and older with low blood platelet counts due to chronic immune (idiopathic) thrombocytopenia (ITP), when other medicines to treat ITP or surgery to remove the spleen have not worked well enough.
Eltrombopag is commercialized in pharmaceutical compositions comprising this active pharmaceutical ingredient in form of Eltrombopag olamine or ETP olamine, i.e. a salt of ETP with ethanolamine in 1:2 ratio, also called Eltrombopag bisethanolamine salt of formula (III):

Eltrombopag olamine is supplied for oral administration in two strengths: 25 mg and 50 mg film-coated tablets.
This salt is a red/brown crystalline solid, sparingly soluble in water and non-hygroscopic. The molecule does not contain asymmetric centres although it exists as the Z-isomer in solution and the solid state. It is thermally stable up to about 125° C. At higher temperature, an endothermic reaction associated with its degradation occurs, as reported in Australian and European Public Assessment Reports.
A crystalline form of the above mentioned disalt is described by the originator in WO 03/098992, and other polymorphs of ETP olamine (example Form I, II, III, V and XVI) are disclosed in WO 2010/114943.
Moreover, an alternative to commercial ETP bisethanolamine salt is ETP monoethanolamine salt, which is used to prepare pharmaceutical formulation according to WO 2010/114943.
In particular, two crystalline Eltrombopag (ETP) monoethanolamine salt forms, i.e. ETP monoethanolamine salt Form H and ETP monoethanolamine salt Form E are described in WO 2010/114943.
Specifically, the paragraphs [00174] and [00175] of WO 2010/114943 disclose the XPRD peaks of ETP monoethanolamine salt form H, having characteristic peaks 2-Theta values (2θ) at: 4.9, 6.9, 15.1 and 23.0° 20±0.2°, and the process for preparing said Form H by crystallization of ETP bisethanolamine salt in 1-butanol or 1-pentanol, as shown in the examples 37 and 38.
Moreover, said WO 2010/114943 describes ETP monoethanolamine salt form E, at paragraphs [00176] and [00177], with its XPRD characteristic peaks 2-Theta values (2θ) at: 10.5, 13.4, 19.5 and 21.7° 2θ±0.2°, and the process for preparing it in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, shown in the example 39.
Both processes for the preparation of the above two different ETP monoethanolamine salt forms, i.e. Form H and Form E, are carried out starting from ETP bisethanolamine salt.

Crystalline Eltrombopag monoethanolamine salt form D

F.I.S.—FABBRICA ITALIANA SINTETICI S.P.A.