An image fixing unit for a wet-type electrophotographic copying machine capable of forming a latent electrostatic image on a photoconductor element, developing the latent electrostatic image to a visible toner image by a developer comprising a carrier liquid and toner particles and transferring the visible toner image to a transfer sheet, is disclosed, which comprises (a) a non-thermal carrier liquid content reduction device for reducing the content of the carrier liquid in the developer deposited imagewise on the transfer sheet without application of heat thereto; and (b) a thermal image fixing device for fixing the toner image to the transfer sheet by directly heating the toner image formed on the transfer sheet after the reduction of the content of the carrier liquid in the imagewise deposited developer by the non-thermal carrier liquid content reduction device.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an image fixing unit for use in a wet-type electrophotographic copying machine.
2. Background of the Related Art
In a wet-type electrophotographic copying machine, there is conventionally known an image fixing method comprising the steps of developing a latent electrostatic image formed on a photoconductive member to a visible toner image with a liquid-type developer, transferring the visible toner image to a transfer sheet, and fixing the transferred image to the transfer sheet by bringing a heat application means into direct contact with the toner-image-bearing surface of the transfer sheet.
As shown in FIG. 1, for example, a heat-application roller 1 with an inner heater 3 serving as a heat-application means incorporated therein is disposed along a transfer sheet transportation path through which an unfixed-toner-image bearing transfer sheet P advances in the direction of the arrow, and a pressure-application roller 2 is in pressure contact with the heat-application roller 1. More specifically, a cam surface of a pressure-application cam 5 is in pressure contact with a shaft portion of the pressure-application roller 2 by the urging force of a spring 6, so that a predetermined pressure is applied to the pressure-application roller 2, thus the pressure-application roller 2 is brought into pressure contact with the heat-application roller 1. Around the heat-application roller 1, a thermistor 7 and a temperature-control fuse 8 are provided to control the temperature of the heat-application roller 1. A transfer sheet separating pawl 10 and a silicone-oil-application felt 11 are situated in contact with the surface of the heat-application roller 1 and prevent the transfer sheet from winding around the heat-application roller 1.
However, the above-mentioned conventional image fixing unit for use in an electrophotographic copying machine has the shortcoming that the image quality of fixed image varies depending on the kind or type of a transfer sheet P employed. In particular, when transfer sheets which scarcely absorb a carrier liquid contained in a liquid developer, such as a transparent film for overhead projectors (OHP), an intermediate original sheet and art paper, are employed, an unfixed toner image on the transfer sheet is caused to corrupt or flow as shown in FIG. 2 in the course of image fixing and accordingly the fixed image becomes illegible. In the figure, the arrow indicates the transporting direction of the transfer sheet during the image fixing process.
In order to solve the above problem, an image fixing test was carried out to analyze the relationship between carrier liquid retention ratio in a developer deposited on a variety of transfer sheets and the occurrence of image flow in the obtained images.
The above-mentioned carrier liquid retention ratio of the developer was obtained by the following formula: ##EQU1##
To obtain the above-mentioned carrier liquid retention ratio of the employed developer, a liquid-type developer was prepared by dispersing and diluting a thermal cross-linking toner in a carrier liquid such as "Isopar H" made by Exxon Co., with a dilution ratio of 50 g/l. Latent electrostatic images were developed to toner images on a commercially available transparent film for OHP (Trademark "TYPE PPC-DX" (A4 size) made by Ricoh Company Ltd.), by use of the above-mentioned developer and a commercially available electrophotographic copying machine. The thus developed OHP film was taken out from the electrophotographic copying machine before reaching an image fixing unit. The weight of the OHP film was measured. After this measurement, the OHP film was then dried through the image fixing unit of the electrophotographic copying machine to evaporate the carrier liquid, and the weight thereof was measured. In the above-mentioned image fixing test, the fixing temperature was adjusted to 140.degree. .+-.10.degree. C. and the paper feeding linear speed set at 350 mm/sec.
The results are given in Table 1.
TABLE 1 ______________________________________ Image Flow Solvent Intermediate Art Plain Retention OHP Original Paper Paper Ratio (%) Film (*) Sheet (**) (***) (T-6200) ______________________________________ 77 1 1 2 5 72 2 2 3 5 68 2 3 3 5 65 2.5 3 3.5 5 60 3 3 4 5 55 4 4 5 5 45 4.5 5 5 5 9 5 5 5 5 ______________________________________ (*) A commercially available transparent film for the OHP "TYPE PPCDX" made by Ricoh Company Ltd. (**) A commercially available intermediate original sheet "TYPE TA" made by Ricoh Company Ltd. (***) A commercially available duplex coated paper.
In Table 1, the image flow was evaluated by visual inspection and the degree of the image flow is expressed by the following ranking scale:
1: Image flow is observed in all the obtained images and characters are illegible. PA1 2: Image flow is slightly observed in the obtained images and the image density of the solid image areas is low. PA1 3: Image flow is less, but the characters in the solid image areas spread. PA1 4: Image flow is hardly observed and the characters in the solid image areas slightly spread. PA1 5: Image flow is not observed at all and the characters in the solid image areas are clear.
The results in Table 1 indicate that when the carrier liquid retention ratio in the developer deposited on the transfer sheet is 65% or more, image flow takes place to some extent in the fixed images on the OHP film, the intermediate original sheet and the art paper.
To prevent the image flow in the course of image fixing, several trials have been made to decrease the carrier liquid retention ratio prior to image fixing by heating. For example, a pair of a rigid blotter roller and an elastic back-up roller is provided upstream of thermal image fixing rollers (heat-application roller and pressure-application roller). The blotter roller absorbs the carrier liquid contained in the developer deposited on the transfer sheet. However, since the above-mentioned blotter roller is a rigid roller and the back-up roller is elastic, the nip between the two rollers is in a concave shape due to the deformation of the elastic back-up roller. Accordingly, the transfer sheet is discharged from the above-mentioned nip between the two rollers, with a front surface thereof curled concavely (referred to as "face-curl"). Thus, such a rigid blotter roller has the shortcomings that transfer sheet transportation reliability cannot be ensured due to the face-curl of the transfer sheet and therefore there is the risk that the transfer sheet is easily wound around the blotter roller.
In order to solve this problem, there is proposed a method of securely guiding the curled transfer sheet along the transfer sheet path. For example, a paper guide plate and a paper separating pawl are arranged around the blotter roller. However, the toner deposited on the transfer sheet has not yet been fixed completely in this stage, so that there is the risk that the toner images formed on the transfer sheet are damaged or smeared by these guide plate and paper separating pawl.
In the case where the distance between a transfer unit and an image fixing unit is relatively long, a pair of transporting rollers are conventionally provided halfway between the transfer unit and the image fixing unit, especially for the transportation of small-sized transfer sheets. However, when a pair of the blotter roller and the back-up roller and a pair of the transporting rollers are arranged halfway between the transfer unit and the image fixing unit, the manufacturing cost is increased and paper transportation reliability is decreased.

Image fixing unit for use in wet-type electrophotographic copying machine


Methods and systems to dynamically adjust a voltage supply of a display are provided. Systems are provided to receive a digital data input indicative of an amount of luminance to be emitted from the display, to determine a desired supply voltage to supply to the display based on the received digital data, and to adjust an adjustable voltage supply according to the determined desired supply voltage. Furthermore, the methods and systems disclosed herein provide for dynamically separately controlling supply voltages supplied to distinct subsections of the display. Systems and methods are also provided for operating a display device in an idle mode by turning off subsections of the display that would otherwise be shown dark and thereby save energy required to program the subsections with display information.

Currently, active matrix organic light emitting device ("AMOLED") displays are being introduced. The advantages of such displays include lower power consumption, manufacturing flexibility and faster refresh rate over conventional liquid crystal displays. In contrast to conventional liquid crystal displays, there is no backlighting in an AMOLED display as each pixel consists of different colored OLEDs emitting light independently. Because no backlight is required, an AMOLED display generally consumes less power than a backlight display
The OLEDs emit light based on current supplied through a drive transistor. The drive transistor is typically a thin film transistor (TFT), and the current level through the drive transistor is dependent on a voltage applied to the gate terminal of the drive transistor. Some displays include capacitors within each pixel to be charged according to programming information and then apply the stored charge to the drive transistor to control its current level. The power consumed in each pixel at any instant is related to the current through the pixel and the voltage across the pixel.

Systems and methods for display systems with dynamic power control


A package structure includes a micro-electromechanical element having a plurality of electrical contacts; a package layer enclosing the micro-electromechanical element and the electrical contacts, with a bottom surface of the micro-electromechanical element exposed from a lower surface of the package layer; a plurality of bonding wires embedded in the package layer, each of the bonding wires having one end connected to one of the electrical contacts, and the other end exposed from the lower surface of the package layer; and a build-up layer structure provided on the lower surface of the package layer, the build-up layer including at least one dielectric layer and a plurality of conductive blind vias formed in the dielectric layer and electrically connected to one ends of the bonding wires. The package structure is easier to accurately control the location of an external electrical contact, and the compatibility of the manufacturing procedures is high.

A micro-electromechanical element system (MEMS) is a micro-device that incorporates both electrical and mechanical functions. The MEMS is manufactured by a variety of microfabrication techniques. A micro-electromechanical element is first provided on the surface of a substrate, and a protective mask or an encapsulant is then encapsulated to protect the micro-electromechanical element from external damage, thereby obtaining a package structure with a micro-electromechanical element.
Referring to FIG. 1, a cross-sectional diagram of a conventional package structure with a micro-electromechanical element is shown. A micro-electromechanical element 11 that functions as a pressure sensing element is disposed on a substrate 10 of land grid array (LGA) type, and an electrical connecting end 111 of the micro-electromechanical element 11 is connected to an electrical connecting end 101 of the LGA substrate 10 through wire bonding, thereby electrically connecting the micro-electromechanical element 11 and the substrate 10. Finally, a metal cap 12 is formed on the surface of the package substrate 10 to encase the micro-electromechanical element 11 therein. The metal cap 12 protects the micro-electromechanical element 11 from external contamination or damage. One shortcoming of the package structure for the micro-electromechanical element is that the size is too large, which fails to meet the need for smaller, lighter and more compact end products.
Refer to FIG. 2. In order to reduce the overall size of the package structure with the micro-electromechanical element, FINEMEMS Inc. has filed a patent application (US patent application publication number 2006/0185429) relating to a wafer-level pressure sensing package substrate. In the package substrate, a micro-electromechanical element 11 that functions as a pressure sensing element is directly manufactured on a silicon substrate 13, and then a glass cap 14 is bonded on the top of the micro-electromechanical element 11.
However, in the silicon substrate 13 a sensing cavity 131 and vias passing through the entire silicon substrate 13 are formed, so a Through Silicon Via (TSV) technique is required. This technique uses KOH as an etchant to form the vias or grooves.
Compared with the first prior-art structure, the structure disclosed by U.S. patent application publication number 2006/0185429 dramatically reduces the overall volume of the package structure with the micro-electromechanical element, but TSV technique for forming vias and grooves is costly.
As a result, as shown in FIG. 3C, modern MEMS industry has developed a package structure that provides an electrical connection path from a micro-electromechanical sensing element 202 on a silicon substrate 20 to the surface of the package structure by bonding wires 221, such that the size of the package structure with the micro-electromechanical element can be greatly reduced, without the need for TSV technique, and manufacturing cost can also be reduced.
Refer to FIGS. 3A to 3C, which are cross-section diagrams depicting the conventional package structure with the micro-electromechanical element and its manufacturing method. The steps of manufacturing this third conventional structure first requires using a plurality of bonding wires 22 to electrically connect a silicon cap 21 and an electrical connecting pad 201 on the silicon substrate 20; enclosing the silicon cap 21 and the bonding wires 22 with a package layer 23 to protect the bonding wires 22 from external damage; and then removing part of the package layer 23 and the bonding wires 22 by lapping to expose the ends of the bonding wires 22. The locations where the ends of the bonding wires 221 are exposed may not be consistent, because the locations where ends of the bonding wires 221 are exposed depend on the curvature and height of bonding. These two parameters have to be precisely controlled to obtain consistency in the locations where the ends of the bonding wires 221 are exposed.
Therefore, there is a need for a technical solution that makes the locations where the ends of the bonding wires are exposed in the package structure with the micro-electromechanical element more consistent while reducing manufacturing cost.

Method for manufacturing package structure with micro-electromechanical element

Siliconware Precision Industries Co., Ltd.


An air/gaseous fuel proportioning device includes an air inlet, a fuel inlet, an outlet to feed an air fuel blend to an engine, with the air inlet having an air butterfly valve to throttle the air flow, having a disc-shaped fuel valve resting in a conical bore and having a linkage attached to the air butterfly valve for causing the fuel valve to follow the air butterfly valve in a tilting motion to provide an open area between the disc and cone that relates proportionally to the air flow past the air butterfly valve.

Gaseous fuels, such as propane or LP gas, are often used for internal combustion engines in applications such as fork lifts or generators. The advantages in such applications of gaseous fuels over liquid fuels such as gasoline or diesel are well known.
The greatest portion of gaseous engine fuel consumed by industrial users is at engine loads from 20% to 80%. An excess amount of fuel, known as "dirty burn", typically occurs below 20% load at slow speeds. Many of the existing gaseous fuel systems use very light pressure differences to meter fuel at idle and light loads and are adversely affected by fuel contamination (oils that are suspended in the fuel). These systems seem to perform better under rich combustion conditions, which sacrifices to some degree efficiency and the clean burn ability of gaseous fuels.
Thus, there presently exists a need for a gaseous fuel carburetor that provides clean burning and high efficiency under the entire range of engine loads and speeds.

Tilt valve carburetor for gaseous fuel systems


A sync detector includes a correlation computing unit configured to receive signal values corresponding to respective sample points and to compute auto-correlation of the received signal values between sample points of interest and sample points that are situated at a distance equal to a constant number of sample points from the sample points of interest, a correlation value synthesizing unit configured to receive auto-correlation values corresponding to respective sample points obtained by the correlation computing unit and to synthesize the auto-correlation values with respect to at least two sample points among sample points that are spaced apart by the constant number of sample points thereby to compute a synthesized correlation value, and a peak-point detecting unit configured to detect a position of a sample point corresponding to a largest synthesized correlation value among synthesized correlation values corresponding to respective sample points obtained by the correlation value synthesizing unit.

In cellular communication systems, each mobile terminal needs to stay synchronized with a base station at all times. Each mobile terminal performs an initial synchronization process for establishing synchronization with a base station at the time of power-on or hand-over. In this process, the frame timing of the communication system is detected, and synchronization is established based on the detected frame timing.
FIG. 1 is a drawing illustrating frame exchanges between a base station and a mobile terminal in a TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) communication system. Tx_at_BS represents a signal transmitted from the base station, and Rx_at_MS represents a signal received by the mobile terminal. Further, Tx_at_MS represents a signal transmitted from the mobile terminal, and Rx_at_BS represents a signal received by the base station.
Frames occur at frame intervals Tf (e.g., 5 ms in the example illustrated in FIG. 1). Each frame is divided into a downlink-DL subframe and an uplink-UL subframe. TTG (Transmit-to-receive Transition Gap) is an interval from the transmission of a downlink subframe to the reception of an uplink subframe performed by the base station. Further, RTG (Receive-to-transmit Transition Gap) is an interval from the reception of an uplink subframe to the transmission of a downlink subframe performed by the base station. SSTTG (Subscriber Station TTG) and SSRTG (Subscriber Station RTG) are TTG and RTG, respectively, on the mobile-terminal side.
Each downlink subframe has a preamble at its beginning. The pattern of such preamble differs from base station to base station. As far as a given base station is concerned, all the subframes transmitted from this base station have the same preamble pattern. Mobile terminals are not informed of the preamble pattern. Mobile terminals thus recognize the start position of each frame by detecting the occurrences of the same pattern at a known frame interval Tf (e.g., 5 ms in the example illustrated in FIG. 1). In order to detect the positions at which the same pattern occurs at the known constant frame interval Tf (e.g., 5 ms in the example illustrated in FIG. 1), a mobile station performs synchronization detection based on auto-correlation.
FIG. 2 is a drawing showing an example of the configuration of a synchronization processing unit utilizing auto-correlation. The synchronization processing unit illustrated in FIG. 2 includes an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 10, a correlation computing unit 11, a peak-point detecting unit 12, and a plurality of delay elements 13. The correlation computing unit 11 includes a delay element 14, a complex conjugate unit 15, a multiplication unit 16, a moving average unit 17, and an absolute value unit 18.
The analog-to-digital converter 10 converts an analog signal received by an antenna into a digital signal. The correlation computing unit 11 computes the correlation of the digital received signal output from the analog-to-digital converter 10. The correlation value ρ of two complex values x and y is obtained by use of formula (1) as follows.ρ(x,y)=|E(x·y*)|  (1)Here, the function E serves to obtain an expected value. In the case of a signal that changes with time, such an expected value can be acquired by computing a temporal average. y* is the complex conjugate of y.
A received signal y is represented by use of formula (2) as follows.y(k)=h(k)x(k)+n(k)  (2)where:k=0, 1, 2, . . . , Nframe Nframe: Number of Samples for One Framey(k) is a digital received signal for one frame output from the analog-to-digital converter 10. x(k) is a transmitted signal, and h(k) is a channel response function that represents the characteristics of the transmission path. Further, n(k) is noise.
The delay element 14 of the correlation computing unit 11 delays the digital received signal y(k) by Nframe sample points (i.e., the number of sample points in one frame), thereby introducing one-frame time delay. The delayed signal output from the delay element 14 is represented by use of expression (3) as follows.y(k−Nframe)=h(k−Nframe)x(k−Nframe)+n(k−Nframe)  (3)where:h(k−Nframe)=h(k)+Δh(k)Δh(k): Change in Channel ResponseA temporal change in the channel response h(x) is denoted as Δh(k).
The complex conjugate unit 15 obtains y(k−Nframe)* that is the complex conjugate of y(k−Nframe). The multiplication unit 16 then computes the product of y(k−Nframe)* and y(k−Nframe). A temporal average of this product is obtained by the moving average unit 17, thereby obtaining an expected value of product of y(k−Nframe)* and y(k−Nframe). The expected value of this product is represented by use of expression (4) as follows.
                                                                        ɛ                                                  (                  k                  )                                            =                                                          E                                                  ⌊                                                            y                                                                    (                        k                        )                                                              ·                                                                  y                                                                          (                                                      k                            -                                                          N                              frame                                                                                )                                                                    *                                                        ⌋                                                                                =                                                          E                [                                                                            h                                                                    (                        k                        )                                                                                h                                                                          (                                                      k                            -                                                          N                              frame                                                                                )                                                                    *                                                                                x                                                                    (                        k                        )                                                                                x                                                                          (                                                      k                            -                                                          N                              frame                                                                                )                                                                    *                                                        +                                                                                h                                                              (                      k                      )                                                                                x                                                              (                      k                      )                                                                                n                                                              (                                              k                        -                                                  N                          frame                                                                    )                                                                      +                                                                            h                                                                    (                                                  k                          -                                                      N                            frame                                                                          )                                                              *                                                                                x                                                                    (                                                  k                          -                                                      N                            frame                                                                          )                                                              *                                                                          n                                                              (                      k                      )                                                                                ]                                                          (        4        )
The absolute value unit 18 computes the absolute value of the expected value obtained by the moving average unit 17. The expected value ε(k) (i.e., the absolute value of the expected value to be exact) corresponding to a sample point k output from the correlation computing unit 11 is supplied to the peak-point detecting unit 12, and is also supplied to the delay elements 13 that are serially cascaded. Each delay element 13 delays the expected value that it receives by one sample point to supply the delayed expected value to the next delay element 13 situated at the following stage, and also supplies this delayed expected value to the peak-point detecting unit 12.
The peak-point detecting unit 12 detects the maximum value among the Nframe expected values ε(k) through ε(k−Nframe+1), and outputs the sample point k that corresponds to this maximum value (which is represented as k with a hat (i.e., circumflex)). Computation that obtains k corresponding to the maximum value is represented by use of expression (5) using ArgMax function as follows.
                              k          ^                =                              ArgMax            k                                          (                          ɛ                                            (                k                )                                      )                                              (        5        )
When the sample point detected by the peak-point detecting unit 12 correctly matches the position of the preamble symbol, equation (6) as follows is satisfied due to the fact that the preamble symbol appears at an interval equal to Nframe samples. It should be noted that the transmitted signal x(k) is normalized such that its amplitude is equal to 1.x({circumflex over (k)})x({circumflex over (k)}−Nframe)*=1  (6)At the position of the preamble, the transmitted signal x(k) at the sample point k and the transmitted signal x(k−Nframe) situated at the Nframe-th preceding sample point from k are the same complex number. Accordingly, the result of the computation of expression (6) is equal to 1.
Substituting equation (6) into expression (4) for the expected value and expanding the expression by use of the change Δh(k) yield expressions (7), (8), and (9) as follows.
                                                                                ɛ                                                        (                                          k                      ^                                        )                                                  =                                                                  E                                                        [                                                                                h                                                                                (                                                                      k                                    ^                                                                    )                                                                                h                                                                                (                                                                                k                                        ^                                                                            -                                                                              N                                        frame                                                                                )                                                                                ⋆                                                                                +                                                                                h                                                                                (                                                                      k                                    ^                                                                    )                                                                                x                                                                                (                                                                      k                                    ^                                                                    )                                                                                n                                                                                (                                                                                k                                      ^                                                                        -                                                                          N                                      frame                                                                                )                                                                                +                                                                                h                                                                                (                                                                                k                                      ^                                                                        -                                                                          N                                      frame                                                                                )                                                                                ⋆                                                                                x                                                                                (                                                                                k                                      ^                                                                        -                                                                          N                                      frame                                                                                )                                                                                ⋆                                                                                n                                                                                (                                                                  k                                  ^                                                                )                                                                                ]                                                                                =                                                                  E                                                        [                                                                                                                                                  h                                                                                (                                                                          k                                      ^                                                                        )                                                                                                                                            2                                                        +                                                                                h                                                                                (                                                                      k                                    ^                                                                    )                                                                                Δ                                                                                h                                                                                (                                                                          k                                      ^                                                                        )                                                                                ⋆                                                                                +                                                          h                                                                                (                                                                  k                                  ^                                                                )                                                                                x                                                                                (                                                                      k                                    ^                                                                    )                                                                                n                                                                                (                                                                                k                                      ^                                                                        -                                                                          N                                      frame                                                                                )                                                                                +                                                                                h                                                                                (                                                                                k                                      ^                                                                        -                                                                          N                                      frame                                                                                )                                                                                ⋆                                                                                x                                                                                (                                                                                k                                      ^                                                                        -                                                                          N                                      frame                                                                                )                                                                                ⋆                                                                                n                                                                                (                                                                  k                                  ^                                                                )                                                                                ]                                                                                =                                                                  E                                                        [                                                                                                                                      h                                                                                (                                                              k                                ^                                                            )                                                                                                                                2                                            +                                              δ                                                                                h                                                                                (                                                          k                              ^                                                        )                                                                                +                                              w                                                                          (                                                      k                            ^                                                    )                                                                                ]                                                                                (        7        )                                          δ                                                                          h                                      (              k              )                                      =                              h                                      (              k              )                                          Δ                                                                                h                                            (                k                )                                      *                                              (        8        )            w(k)=h(k)x(k)n(k−Nframe)+h(k−Nframe)*x(k−Nframe)*n(k)  (9)
Expression (8) represents an error attributable to channel fluctuation. Expression (9) represents an error attributable to the noise n(k) that is input into the correlation computing unit 11.
As described above, the expected value computed by the correlation computing unit 11 illustrated in FIG. 2 includes the channel-fluctuation-attributable error and the noise-attributable error These errors may increase to such a level that cannot be ignored relative to the gain of the correlation computation. When this happens, the synchronization processing unit illustrated in FIG. 2 cannot correctly detect the position of a preamble.
The gain of correlation computation is proportional to the number of samples taken for the correlation computation. The gain of correlation computation is equal to a ratio of the preamble symbol period to the sampling period. In the case of the WiMAX system having a bandwidth of 5 MHz, for example, a ratio of the preamble symbol period to the sampling period is equal to 576 as demonstrated below. In such a case, gain Gcorr of correlation computation is equal to 27.6 decibel as demonstrated by expression (10) shown below.
                              G          corr                =                                              B                                                                          W            ×            n            ×                                          N                                  F                                                                                F                                                                                T                                                                          (                                  1                  +                  G                                )                                                          B                                                                          W            ×            n                                                  =                                                            5.0                            E                        +                          6              ×                              (                                  28                  /                  25                                )                            ×              512                                            (                                  1                  +                                      (                                          1                      /                      8                                        )                                                  )                                                                        5.0                            E                        +                          6              ×                              (                                  28                  /                  25                                )                                                                            =                        576                            where:
                              B                                                              W                                :                                                                        Nominal                                                              Channel                                                              Bandwidth                                                                    n                                :                                                                        Sampling                                                              Factor                                                                                N                          F                                                                                F                                                                                T                                                      :                                                                        F                                                              F                                                              T                                                              Size                                                                    G                                :                                                                        CP                                                              Ratio                                                                                G                    corr                                                                                [                  dB                  ]                                =                                                                  10                  ×                  log                                                                                10                                                        (                    576                    )                                                                                =                                                                  27.6                                                                                [                  dB                  ]                                                                                (        10        )            The errors obtained as expressions (8) and (9) may be sufficiently large relative to the gain of correlation computation as given by expression (10). That is, the mobile terminal may be moving, and the signal-to-noise ratio may be low. In such a case, the synchronization processing unit fails to detect a correct synchronization point.    [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 8-265236    [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2006-191187

Sync detector and communication apparatus synthesizing correlation values


A flexible circuit board is provided, comprising a flexible substrate having an upper surface and a lower surface and a plurality of electrically conductive pads overlaid on an upper surface of the flexible substrate. Front ends of the electrically conductive pads do not reach a front edge of the flexible substrate and are separated from the front edge of the flexible substrate by a distance.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a flexible circuit board, especially to a flexible circuit board being able to avoid scratching of overlay objects on a flexible substrate.
2. Description of the Related Art
Owing to the coming of digital times, the dependency of people on the electronic products increases. To meet demands of current electronic products such as high speed, high performance and lightweight, flexible circuit boards have gradually been applied in various electronic products, such as notebook computer, mobile phone, digital camera, personal digital assistant, printer and CD-ROM, etc.
The flexible circuit board may be a FPC (Flexible Printed Circuit), a FFC (Flexible Flat Cable) or a thin film switch, which is not only used for electrical connection, but also for carrying chips or other electronic devices. For enabling the cooperation and communication between the chips and other electronic devices, as well as effectively protecting the fragile chips, various package technologies for chips are developed. For example, common wafer bonding technologies include wire bonding, flip-chip and tape automated bonding (TAB), etc. The tape automated bonding is used to bond a chip on a flexible circuit board. Since the flexible circuit board itself is bendable, making the subsequent assembly processes more flexible, and the application becomes more widespread.
FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 schematically illustrate a conventional flexible circuit board being inserted into a connector terminal and a conventional flexible circuit board inserted into a connector terminal. The conventional flexible circuit board comprises a flexible substrate 51 and electrically conductive pads 52 overlaid on an upper surface of the flexible substrate 51. Front ends 54 of the electrically conductive pads 52 are aligned with a front edge 53 of the flexible substrate 51. When an operator pushes the conventional flexible circuit board into a connector terminal 30 for assembly, an upper elastic flat piece 31 and a lower elastic flat piece 32 of the connector terminal 30 will be opened by the conventional flexible circuit board and electrically connect the conventional flexible circuit board. However, during the connecting process of the upper elastic flat piece 31, the lower elastic flat piece 32 and the conventional flexible circuit board, the bent inclined surface of the upper elastic flat piece 31 may scratch (or abrade) the front ends 54 of the electrically conductive pads 52, or even the electrically conductive pads 52 may depart (or be removed) from the conventional flexible circuit board, resulting in that the conventional flexible circuit board cannot electrically connect the connector terminal 30. Thus the conventional flexible circuit board still has disadvantages and need to be improved.


A holster for mounting a bar gun to a surface, the bar gun having a nozzle and a handle magnet. The holster has an elongated mounting plate having a top side, bottom side, first end and second end, and an aperture located between the first end and second end where the aperture penetrates the mounting plate from the top side to the bottom side and is configured to receive the nozzle of the bar gun. A holster magnet is fixed to the mounting plate adjacent the aperture between the aperture and the second end.

The present invention relates to beverage dispensers. More specifically, the present invention relates to a holster for a beverage dispenser handle that secures the handle to the holster using magnetism when the handle is placed in the holster. In some embodiments, the present invention can include a detachable drip cup that is removable from the holster while the holster is installed to a surface and while the handle is stowed in the holster.
A number of beverage dispenser designs are well known in the art. These include carbonated beverage dispensers, non-carbonated beverage dispensers, beverage brewing systems, and liquor distribution systems. Many beverage dispenser designs have separate nozzles to pour (dispense) different beverages. Some beverage dispensers are capable of dispensing a variety of beverages out of a single nozzle. Beverage dispensing systems are commonly used in a wide variety of locales, including restaurants, snack bars, convenience stores, movie theaters, and any business where beverages are served.
Some beverage dispensing systems are in the form of a hand held beverage dispensing handle, or bar gun. The bar gun uses a single nozzle for dispensing multiple different beverages depending on the needs of the end user. Buttons are used to activate valves inside the bar gun to control the flow of a beverage from the beverage system. The buttons and valves are located on the top side of the bar gun for ease of use when dispensing a beverage. Users of bar guns often dispense a beverage when working in establishments such as the ones listed above, and also have many other tasks including, cleaning, organizing, stocking and being a cashier, among other tasks. When performing these tasks, it is often necessary to stow the bar gun when not in use.
Bar gun holsters are commercially available from various supplies including the assignee herein Automatic Bar Controls and at wunderbar.com. Some operators remark that with currently available known bar gun holsters, the bar gun can become dislodged from the holster falling into the operator's way, into other surfaces near the bar gun, or sometimes, even onto the floor. Some operators also remark that the nozzle can shift in its holster potentially causing the nozzle of the bar gun to become contaminated.
Some methods have been developed by the assignee herein to better retain the bar gun and sanitize the bar gun nozzle in the circumstance that the bar gun becomes contaminated, whether by coming into contact with contaminated surfaces of the holster or otherwise. Two examples are Assignee's U.S. Pat. No. 8,448,821 and Assignee's U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/112,969, each of which is incorporated herein in their entirety by reference. While these bar gun holsters address the sanitization issues, the bar guns may still become dislodged from the holster if accidentally bumped by an operator or other object.
Some bar gun holsters have drip cups for containing and draining excess beverage that drips from the nozzle. Some operators have noted maintaining the drip cup can difficult because the entire holster must be uninstalled from the surface that it is installed to, in order to clean or maintain the drip cup.
Accordingly, it is desirable to develop a bar gun holster that can restrain the bar gun, so that it is less susceptible to becoming dislodged from the holster, with a drip cup that can be easily maintained and cleaned.

Magnetic holster for hand held beverage dispensers


A transmission operator lever mechanism is used to establish the desired operating condition in a transmission. An indicator mechanism with a pointer and indicia is provided to show the selected operating condition. The operator lever is connected with the indicator pointer through an adjustable mechanism comprising a clip and a cable. A tool engaging structure is formed on a portion of the lever mechanism. A tool is engageable in the clip and in the tool engaging structure to permit manipulation of the clip relative to the lever whereby the desired operating condition and the selected condition represented by the indicia and pointer will be in agreement.

This invention relates to mechanisms for aligning a transmission indicator pointer and indicia in coordination with a manual control mechanism, and more particularly, to mechanisms which permit adjustment between the pointer and indicia after assembly of the indicating mechanism and the manual control in a vehicle.
An automatic transmission and control has an indicator mechanism including an indicia plate and a pointer. The pointer is connected with a manual control lever for coordinated movement. The indicia and pointer cooperate to inform the vehicle operator of the operating condition that has been selected.
During assembly of the transmission control and indicator mechanism, it is necessary to provide for alignment of the pointer and the indicia. This is generally accomplished by selecting an operating condition in the transmission, for example, "N" or neutral condition. The pointer is then aligned with the indicia for neutral. This is commonly termed "zeroing" the indicator.
One common method of zeroing is to provide a clip attached to a cable which, in turn, is connected with the pointer. The assembler pulls the clip and cable until the proper alignment between the pointer and indicia is attained. The clip is then secured to a component of the manual control mechanism for the transmission, such as a shift tube or shift bowl.
If the alignment is not correct, it is necessary to have the clip removed for realignment. This can occur more than once during the assembly. Proposed solutions to this arrangement are described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,925,061 Thornburgh et al., issued Feb. 16, 1960, and U.S. Pat. No. 4,788,881 Owen et al. issued Dec. 6, 1988, both of which are assigned to the assignee of the present invention. Thornburgh et al. describes a system wherein the mechanic or assembler applies tension to the cable, while securing a fastener in place on the shift tube to stabilize a clip and the cable. This requires the assembler to be working in the limited space under the instrument panel, with both hands and a tool. This can be difficult and time consuming.
Owen et al. has a clip which is secured to the shift bowl and has an adjustable portion connected with the indicator cable. A threaded member engages the adjustable portion. The threaded member is rotated to move the adjustable portion linearly relative to the clip thereby adjusting the indicator portion. This arrangement uses a number of parts that must be assembled prior to use with the transmission.

Adjustment mechanism for a transmission position indicator


An impact bed for supporting a conveyor belt in a troughing configuration. The impact bed has a plurality of resilient impact bars running lengthwise in a travel direction of the conveyor belt. The plurality of resilient impact bars includes at least a first resilient impact bar having a planar orientation, a second resilient impact bar having a troughing angled orientation and a third resilient impact bar between the first resilient impact bar and second resilient impact bar. The third resilient impact bar has an intermediate angled orientation that is greater than the planar orientation of the first resilient impact bar and less than the troughing angled orientation of the second resilient impact bar. The third resilient impact bar is removable from the impact bed without removing the first resilient impact bar or second resilient impact bar from the impact bed.

1. Field of Invention
This invention relates generally to conveyor systems principally used in the mining and material handling industry. More particularly, the invention relates to the design of conveyor impact beds often used to support a conveyor belt in a loading zone, where soil, rocks, gravel and other aggregate material drops onto a conveyor belt.
2. Description of Related Art
Conveyor belts are used in a variety of industries to transport materials from one place to another. Generally, materials are deposited at one end of a conveyor and are transported to the other end, where they are discharged or otherwise removed from the conveyor belt. The belts used are often robust, but are susceptible to damage from a variety of sources. While discharge of materials from a conveyor belt does not usually damage the belt, the act of depositing goods and materials onto a conveyor belt has the potential to cause damage. In this regard, when a belt is being used to transport coal, aggregate and other coarse and heavy material, the deposit of these types of materials onto the belt can generate tremendous impact forces on the belt. For instance, with a 100 lb mass having drop distance of 10 feet from a discharge chute onto a conveyor belt, there is 1,000 ft-pounds of force impacting the belt.
It is standard in the industry to provide an impact bed to support and protect the conveyor belt in the loading zone. An impact bed is an apparatus which is installed below the area of the conveyor belt on which heavy loads are deposited, and absorbs the impact forces generated thereby, as discussed above. Typical impact beds include a plurality of support members longitudinally spaced from each other under the area of the belt in the loading zone. These support members have a plurality of resilient impact bars secured thereto, which extend thereacross running lengthwise in the belt travel direction. The bars absorb the impact forces and decrease the acceleration of the materials or rocks dropped onto the belt.
The support members and impact bars supported thereby typically provide a trough configuration for the belt. This prevents aggregate materials from spilling over the edges of the belt as such materials are discharged onto, and transported along the belt. The support members typically include a planar portion, which supports the impact bar(s) in a flat configuration, and inclined angled wings on both sides of the planar portion. Each inclined angled wing supports the impact bar(s) at a troughing angle relative to the planar portion.
The resilient bars are subject to wear and damage over repeated impacts with the belt and thus need to be serviced and/or replaced on a regular basis. In addition, the belt tends to experience significant wear and damage, particularly at the belt junction between impact bars supported by the planar portion and impact bars supported by the angled wing portion. Accordingly, there exists a need for a means to minimize damage at the belt junction of impact beds.


The present invention relates to a tumor cell of the peripheral zone of a tumor and methods of providing such a tumor cell. Further provided is a method for identifying a molecular marker diagnostic for an infiltrative cancer, an antibody, which specifically binds to such molecular marker, a method for identifying a therapeutic compound effective against a metastatic/infiltrative cancer disease and the use of a tumor cell according to the invention.

Cancer is a disorder in which a population of cells has become, to varying degrees, unresponsive to the control mechanisms that normally govern proliferation and differentiation.
Cancer therapy can involve the modulation of enzymatic activity of target proteins in cancer cells. For example, as cancer cells are rapidly dividing they heavily rely on a sufficient supply of nucleotides to afford such rapid divisions. Thus, compounds were found which may be used to treat cancer and which inhibit enzymes used in purine and pyrimidine synthesis such as thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyl transferase (GARFT).
Despite the discovery of new anti-cancer drugs, the major driving force of mortality in human cancer diseases is in most cases still the recurrence of tumor growth after removal of the tumor by surgery and/or after standard chemotherapy/radiation therapy. A standard chemotherapy may comprise treating a patient and/or the tumor of the patient with alkylating agents, e.g. cisplatin and carboplatin, with anti-metabolites such as azathioprine or mercaptopurine, with plant alkaloids or terpenoids such as vinca alkaloids or taxanes, with podophyllotoxin, with topoisomerase inhibitors such as camptothecins, amsacrine, etoposide, with antitumour antibiotics such as dactinomycin, or also with monoclonal antibodies such as trastuzumab (Herceptin), cetuximab, and rituximab (Rituxan or Mabthera).
Therefore, there is a need for additional pharmaceutically active substances which can be used to treat cancer and which will effectively prevent recurrence of tumor growth after radiotherapy, chemotherapy and/or after tumor resection.

Peripheral zone tumor cells, methods for their preparation and use


The exposure system includes a bulb housing, an ellipsoid reflector, and a light source located near a first focal point of the ellipsoid reflector. With respect to the light beam path, an optical unit is located in front of the plane of an original to be copied in order to produce a desired distribution of the exposure intensity onto the original. Imaging optics are located in a light beam path behind the plane of the original, for reproducing the original onto photographic copying material. Furthermore, the exposure system includes a device for dyeing the light that illuminates the original. The device for dyeing is located in the light beam path in front of the optical unit and includes color filters which can be moved into and out of the light beam path on a plane that is perpendicular to the optical axis. The light source can be moved along the optical axis. The device for dyeing the light beam is located between the light source and the optical unit such that a light beam that penetrates a point of an edge of the original and intersects the optical axis at the location of an entry pupil of the imaging optics, also intersects the optical axis at the location of the device for dyeing.

The present invention relates generally to an exposure system for photographic copying machines, such as copying machines used for reproducing original images of a film strip of negatives onto a photographic copying material (e.g., photographic paper).
In photographic copying machines commonly used today, copies are usually made from originals in such a way that the originals being copied, for example in the form of picture frames on a film strip of negatives, are measured and then exposed with the required mount of copying light onto photographic copying material, such as photographic paper. During the exposure, the image field being exposed onto the photographic paper is reproduced onto the paper by means of an exposure system and imaging optics. In order to obtain a reproduction that is as similar to the original as possible, the light coming from a light source, for example from a bulb, is "dyed." The light is dyed by means of optical color filters, which are inserted in the path of the light beams. The dyed light is then guided to the original (e.g., to a negative), which is supposed to be exposed onto the photographic paper, and illuminates the original. Imaging optics are also located in the path of light for the original, whereby the exposed original is then reproduced onto the photographic paper.
An exposure system of this kind is described, for example, in DE 32 26 408. A bulb housing with a light source and an ellipsoid reflector for better use of the light emanating from the light source is provided in the exposure system described in the aforementioned patent, whereby the bulb coil of the light source is positioned at the first focal point of the ellipsoid reflector. The light emanating from the bulb housing is dyed as it proceeds along its course by means of a device, which has adjustable color filters in the beam path and a diaphragm with a diaphragm aperture. This device is positioned at a specific distance in front of or behind the second focal point of the ellipsoid reflector in such a way that the interior region of the diaphragm aperture is located in the shadow of the light source. The distance is a function of the diameter of the diaphragm aperture, of the small semi-axis of the ellipse that forms the basis for the ellipsoid reflector, and of the focal length of this ellipse.
The color filters of this device in the exposure system described above have three batteries of filters. Each battery of filters, when swung into place, covers roughly a third of the cross section of the cone of light entering the diaphragm aperture, whereby the battery of filters is swung into the light path by mechanical means.
But such batteries of filters have certain disadvantages. For example, when such filters are swung into place mechanically, it cannot be assured that the individual glass filters of the battery of filters will penetrate to precisely the same depth in the cone of light, i.e., that they cover at each time a precisely identical mount of the cross section of the cone of light passing through the diaphragm aperture. This is more or less unavoidable when the glass filters are swung into place mechanically. As a result, this mechanically-related uneven permeation of the glass filters can lead to inhomogeneities of the intensity distribution on the negative or to an intensity distribution that deviates from the desired intensity distribution. Furthermore, when the glass filters are arranged in the light beam path, it is also possible for the edges of the filters or their shapes to produce more or less contrast-rich structures in their intensity distribution. The result of this intensity distribution that deviates from the desired intensity distribution on the negative is, in turn, a concomitant poorer color reproduction of the contents of the negative onto the photographic paper.
This is even more so the case since the transmission characteristics of the optical glass filters are never exactly identical, as a result of manufacturing idiosyncracies, for the given color in the three batteries of filters, so that when the glass filters are placed in the path of the light beam, then certain parts of the cone of light penetrating the diaphragm aperture are dyed to a greater or lesser extent. Furthermore, the transmission characteristics of such glass filters are not even (i.e., homogeneous) across the entire surface of the glass filters and also display a certain structure (so-called density structure). This structure of the filters can be present on the original (negative) and is, as a result, also reproduced by the imaging optics onto the copying material (photographic paper). The deeper the given glass filter is moved into the path of the light beam, the more the shape and irregularities can become noticeable on the transmission characteristics of the glass filter. The result can be an inhomogeneous intensity distribution or an intensity distribution that deviates from the desired intensity distribution of the light of the given color onto the negative as well as a reproduction of the structure of the glass filter. In this way, the true to color reproduction of the content of the negative onto the photographic paper can be influenced more or less negatively because the imaging optics only reproduce the negative onto the photographic paper.

Exposure system for photographic copying machines


A switch controller is described that permits a single AC load to be controlled by DC signals from multiple switches. In one example of the invention, a switch controller includes a switch-state evaluator that receives DC signals from two or more switches and a load controller, responsive to the switch-state evaluator, that controls an AC load. The switch controller changes the state of the load if there is a change in any one of the switches. The switch-state evaluator may be an Exclusive OR integrated circuit, which receives as inputs DC signals from user switches, and a Not OR integrated circuit, which receives as inputs the output signal from the Exclusive OR integrated circuit and DC signals from a disable switch and an override switch. The load controller may be an opto-isolator and a triac.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention concerns controllers, more particularly electrical switch controllers that permit a single electrical load (such as a light) to be controlled by multiple switches.
2. Background Information
It is frequently desirable to control an electrical load—such as a light or a fan—with more than one on/off switch. For example, in a large room with three entrances—such as an auditorium, a warehouse, or a stadium—it would be useful to have three light switches—one at each entrance—to control the lighting for the room.
FIG. 1 shows two conventional wiring methods for a circuit system that allows three switches to control a load. In both cases, two entrances would use a "3-way switch" and one entrance would use a "4-way switch." (Such switches are more complicated and expensive than "single pole" switches that are used when a load is controlled by just one switch.) In these conventional wiring methods, each time a user moves any switch from one position to another (e.g., from down to up or up to down), the state of the light changes (e.g., goes from off to on or on to off). In these conventional methods, standard wire would be used to make electrical connections in at least five segments of the circuit:
(1) from an A.C. HOT terminal to a first 3-way switch;
(2) from the first 3-way switch to the 4-way switch;
(3) from the 4-way switch to the second 3-way switch;
(4) from the second 3-way switch to the light; and
(5) from the light to an A.C. NEU terminal.
In a large room, each segment can be quite lengthy; the longer the segment, the more wire must be used and the more labor is required for installation, and thus the more expensive it is to install the circuit. In addition, for safety, the wire in each segment must be "rated" to carry the full load in the circuit. In the U.S., where electrical systems generally use 120 VAC (120 Volts alternating current), relatively heavy 12-gauge wire would typically be used throughout the circuit. Using 3- and 4-way switches is also more expensive than using single-pole switches.
More complex known circuits that permit multiple switches to control a single load are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,629,608 ("Remote Control Circuits"); 4,525,634 ("Alternating Current Switching Device"); 3,697,821 ("Light Dimming System Having Multiple Control Units"); and Re. 33,504 ("Wall Box Dimmer Switch with Plural Remote Control Switches"). But these circuits largely make use of relatively expensive materials.
Using semiconductor devices can entail using less-expensive materials. It is known that semiconductor devices, which are powered by DC, can be coupled via optical isolators to triacs that control AC loads. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,594,515 describes multiple switches (designated "LAMP ON," "LAMP OFF," "FAN LOW," "FAN OFF," AND "FAN HIGH") that control multiple loads (lamp, fan low-speed, and fan high-speed). But this patent does not disclose using semiconductor devices that permit multiple switches to control a single load. PCT Application No. WO 97/22956 describes a circuit for controlling a single device with multiple switches connected in parallel through a microcomputer. But this is a relatively complex and expensive circuit.
It would be advantageous to provide a relatively simple device for controlling a single load with multiple switches that can use less-expensive materials and that requires less labor to install.


A sensor, a method for its fabrication, and a method for its use to detect contaminants, for example, ammonia, in stagnant and dynamic fluid media, especially liquid media. The sensor is an opto-chemical sensor that includes a polymer optical fiber, a sensing layer comprising oxazine 170 perchlorate on the polymer optical fiber, and a membrane layer on the sensing layer. The membrane layer is gas permeable and not permeable to the fluid in the fluid system, and moisture is entrapped by and between the sensing and membrane layers.

The present invention generally relates to sensors and their fabrication. More particularly, this invention relates to a sensor construction and fabrication technique capable of yielding an oxazine-based sensor suitable for detecting contaminants in stagnant and dynamic fluid media.
Ammonia at elevated concentrations is poisonous to various organisms. As examples, ammonia at a level of about 22.8 ppm can be lethal to water organisms, and exposure to ammonia at levels as low as 35 ppm for more than fifteen minutes can be dangerous to human beings. Therefore, ammonia monitoring systems capable of continuous online operation are highly desired. A particular but nonlimiting example is the detection of ammonia in dynamic aqueous systems, including municipal water systems.
While various technologies have been studied for the detection of ammonia, sensors such as electro-chemical gas sensors, catalytic sensors, chemi-resistor sensors, CHEMFET (chemical field effect transistor) sensors, and optical fiber sensors have attracted substantial attention for their ability to rapidly and continuously detect levels of gaseous phase ammonia. Among these sensors, optical fiber chemical sensors are of particular interest because they tend to be compact, light-weight, relatively inexpensive, easily multiplexed and immune to electromagnetic interference (EMI), and do not require electric power at the sensing point.
The operation of optical fiber chemical sensors is based on the ability of micro or nano-structure materials to alter their optical responses (such as reflection or absorption) in the presence of a "recognition element." Experimentation has been conducted with optical fibers and especially glass optical fiber (GOF) or optical waveguides as sensing elements. The majority of optical fiber sensor research for the detection of ammonia is believed to have been focused on the employment of GOF, and primarily focused on the detection of gaseous phase ammonia (for example, in air), and to a lesser extent the detection of liquid phase ammonia (for example, in aqueous media). GOF sensors have been developed that employ various different sensing materials, for example, polyaniline/poly(methylmethacrylate), bromocresol purple (5′,5″-dibromo-o-cresolsulfophthalein)-based silica-solgel, polyaniline-based silica-core, silica solgel-based oxazine 170 perchlorate/cellulose acetate, and bromothymol blue (BTB)/TiO2 (tin oxide) films for the detection of ammonia in air. Though polymer optical fibers (POF) offer certain advantageous characteristics, for example, greater flexibility and mechanical strength as compared to GOF, it is believed that much less research has been conducted toward their use in the detection of ammonia.
Regardless of whether the intended media is gaseous (for example, air) or liquid (for example, water), a cost-effective sensor must be capable of exhibiting a high level of reversibility, which as used herein refers to the ability of a sensor to return to its initial condition with little or no hysteresis upon the removal of the analyte. GOF sensors that employ the aforementioned sensing materials have been often observed to exhibit sufficiently high hysteresis to be deemed to have poor reversibility. In contrast, optical sensors based on glass capillary tubes coated with oxazine 170 perchlorate (C21H22ClN3O5; CAS No. 62669-60-7) have been reported to exhibit good reversibility. A notable property of oxazine 170 perchlorate is its optical responsiveness to bandwidths of 455 to 595 nm, which allows for multiplexing. However, while various coating methods have been developed for silica-based GOF sensors, for example, dip coating, spin coating, and spray coating, available literature does not appear to indicate the successful deposition of oxazine 170 perchlorate on other optical fiber materials, for example, POF materials.

Oxazine-based sensor for contaminant detection, fabrication method therefor, and uses thereof


Methods and apparatus of supporting multi-media broadcast services in a wireless communication system include generating a carrier capable of carrying data traffic including broadcast data and unicast data, wherein the carrier comprises a carrier type that is non-backward compatible with existing carriers. Aspects of the methods and apparatus include transmitting broadcast data in at least one subframe of a plurality of subframes. Aspects also include providing control information at least for unicast data associated with the at least one subframe and transmitting the carrier.

1. Field
Aspects of the present disclosure relate generally to wireless communication systems, and more particularly, to supporting Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service (MBMS) in a new carrier type, such as an extension carrier, in LTE.
2. Background
Wireless communication networks are widely deployed to provide various communication services such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. These wireless networks may be multiple-access networks capable of supporting multiple users by sharing the available network resources. Examples of such multiple-access networks include Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) networks, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) networks, Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) networks, Orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) networks, and Single-Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) networks.
A wireless communication network may include a number of base stations that can support communication for a number of user equipments (UEs). A UE may communicate with a base station via the downlink and uplink. The downlink (or forward link) refers to the communication link from the base station to the UE, and the uplink (or reverse link) refers to the communication link from the UE to the base station. In an example, a base station can assign a number of downlink and/or uplink resources to a UE. Moreover, the base station can allow the UE to establish multiple carriers for communicating with the base station over the downlink or uplink using multiple physical or virtual antennas or other radio resources to improve communication throughput.
In some systems, the base station may provide multi-media service and a unicast service to UEs. For instance, such as service includes Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service (MBMS). In MBMS, a plurality of subframes, e.g. Multicast/Broadcast over Single Frequency Network (MBSFN) subframes, of a radio frame may be allocated to support broadcast and/or unicast service. Further, the radio frame may be part of a set of radio frames that repeats over a transmission interval to deliver the service. In current implementations of MBMS, the MBSFN subframes can be configured with a non-MBMS region for providing control information, and an MBMS region for carrying data traffic. In particular, in current implementations, the non-MBMS region of a subframe may include the first several OFDM symbols, and thus the MBMS region is defined as the OFDM symbols not used for the non-MBMS region.
Problematically, however, a new carrier type, defined in LTE Release 12 (Rel-12) and also referred to as an extension carrier, may contain an enhanced control channel spanning at least the MBMS region (and possibly also spanning the non-MBMS region, if there is no legacy non-MBMS region), e.g. the data traffic region, of a MBSFN subframe.
Accordingly, mechanisms for supporting broadcast and unicast services are desired for an LTE new carrier type.

Apparatus and methods of MBMS support in new carrier type in LTE


Described herein are techniques for removing control of a display from an operating system. The disclosed techniques decouple operation of the physical display device from control of the operating system so that the display device may be powered down while not needed during streaming. The device driver for the graphics card, into which a display device cable is plugged, simulates operation of the display but allows the display to be powered down. Simulating the display involves properly responding to queries or commands from the operating system, and generating the signals that would be expected from the display device by the operating system. While simulated in this manner, whether the display device is actually powered down does not matter to the operation of an application being streamed, because the operating system still “believes” the display device is powered on. Thus application streaming is not interrupted by powering down the display device.

Personal video game streaming allows a traditional computer system such as a desktop or laptop computer with a discrete 3D graphics processing adapter to be controlled by a remote terminal such as a tablet or smart phone. The traditional computer system starts applications, renders graphics, and transmits the rendered graphics as video to the remote terminal. The remote terminal accepts local inputs and provides the inputs to the traditional computer to operate the application. In this manner, the user experiences functionality of the application through the remote terminal.

Techniques for seamless transition between host display and remote display


A sheets separation/conveying apparatus has a pick-up roller to take out sheets in the piled up state on the conveying path. The sheets taken out on the conveying path are checked when passing the first roller and plural sheets being conveyed in the overlapped state are detected by a detector and separated each other by the second roller.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a sheet separation/conveying apparatus to separate and convey sheets that are in the piled up state.
2. Description of the Related Art
As a sheets separation/conveying apparatus, an apparatus to take out a number of sheets, which are accumulated and put therein and piled up, on a conveying path and separate them one by one and convey is so far known as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2002-249261. This apparatus has a pick-up roller to rotate by contacting sheets at one end in the accumulating direction, a detecting portion to detect sheets taken out in the overlapped state on a conveying path by the pick-up roller, and a conveying portion to convey normal sheets taken out on the conveying path one by one to a processor at a latter stage.
Sheets taken out on the conveying path in the overlapped state; that is, sheets detected as being conveyed in the overlapped state are not conveyed to the processor at the latter stage but are once rejected and after completing one task, they are taken into the apparatus again.
Thus, in a conventional sheets separation/conveying apparatus, plural sheets detected as being conveyed in the overlapped state are once rejected and again put in the apparatus and therefore, there was such a problem that the through-put of the apparatus will drop.


A method and a device used to store a product inside a receptacle. The product includes a first liquid component and at least a second component. Inside the receptacle, the product is circulated by a conveying apparatus which is positioned in the region of a tubular guide element arranged inside a receptacle. At least one component of the product fed to the receptacle flows first into an internal space of the guide element.

The invention relates to a device comprising a receptacle for storing a product which consists of a first liquid component and at least a second component, wherein a tubular guide element, oriented with its longitudinal axis with a vertical component, is arranged inside the receptacle with a spacing from a base, and a conveying apparatus for the product is positioned in the region of the guide element.
The invention also relates to a method for storing a product inside a receptacle, wherein the product consists of a first liquid component and at least a second component and in which the product is circulated inside the receptacle by a conveying apparatus which is positioned in the region of a tubular guide element arranged inside the receptacle.
Such products can, for example, be foodstuffs. It is, for example, also possible that the second component is liquid too. Examples of such a component are emulsions, and in particular milk. According to another alternative, the second component is solid. This can, for example, be the case with a juice with fruit pieces. Other examples are milk with coconut flakes, milk with cereals, and soups and sauces with chunky ingredients. The chunky ingredients can, for example, be vegetables and/or meat.
When the second component is solid, the second component is typically in the form of particles, wherein an average diameter of these particles can lie within a range of 1 to 40 mm. In special cases, smaller or larger average diameters are also possible.
When it is planned to store products which consist of at least two components, the problem can arise that the second component is not homogeneously distributed indefinitely in the first component and separation phenomena can occur. Depending on the specific weight of the first and second components, it is possible that particles float, on the one hand, or settle, on the other.