A system and method is provided to manage wireless network mobility and wireless network resources. In one aspect of the invention, network equipment acquires samples associated with time that past user devices stayed in the coverage range of the network equipment and estimates a time that a user device currently stays in the cell based on the acquired samples. In another aspect, pre-authentication and pre-registration of the user device in another network are performed based on the estimated time. In yet another aspect, network resources reserved for the user device are released based on the estimated time.

The present invention generally relates to methods and systems for performing pre-registration/pre-authentication and reserving resources in wireless communications networks and more specifically to the use of such methods and systems in an Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) and an evolved High Rate Packet Data (eHRPD) network.
Fourth-generation (4G) wireless systems are end-to-end (from radio access networks to core networks) all-IP systems. 4G systems are expected to upgrade existing communication networks, e.g., 3G networks, and provide secure ubiquitous IP-based communications on an "Anytime, Anywhere" basis at significantly higher data rates. 4G networks are anticipated to enhance existing services (e.g., voice, e-mail) and provide new services such as, for example, wireless broadband access, video chat, mobile TV, HDTV content and digital video broadcasting (DVB). Such networks are expected to enhance spectral efficiency (more bits/unit of time per unit of frequency) and provide more capacity, smooth handoffs, seamless connectivity, and global roaming across multiple networks.
A leading 4G wireless system is the Evolved Packet System (EPS) defined by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). It includes Long Term Evolution (LTE) for radio access networks (RANs) and Service Architecture Evolution (SAE) for the core network. It also includes an architecture for interworking with other wireless technologies such as 3GPP2 such as 3GPP2 Evolution-Data Optimized (EV-DO) to support heterogeneous wireless access technologies and to allow graceful network evolution. The radio access network and core network defined by 3GPP LTE and SAE are referred to as Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) and Evolved Packet Core (EPC), respectively.
EV-DO generally refers to the 3GPP2 High Rate Packet Data (HRPD) and Evolved HRPD (eHRPD) standards. HRPD is a CDMA2000 based technology for packet transmission as described in the 3GPP2 C.S0024-A v3.0 specification. An eHRPD network provides a radio access network that supports an evolved mode of operation and provides an IP environment supporting attachment to multiple packet data networks via the 3GPP EPC. The interworking architecture is referred to as E-UTRAN and eHRPD Interworking as described in the 3GPP2 X.S0057 specification.
While standards bodies such as the 3GPP and 3GPP2 have done a significant amount of work in providing high level specifications associated with internetworking architectures (e.g., see FIG. 1), call flows (e.g., see FIG. 2) and the user equipment or mobile station/device handoffs between networks, much detail is left to implementation. For example, with reference to FIG. 2, procedures associated with when to pre-register are unspecified (see block 208 in FIG. 2). In addition, procedures for determining how long resources should be reserved are similarly open to design implementation (see block 218 in FIG. 2).
As a general matter, standard bodies usually do not standardize algorithms for performing pre-registration and pre-authentication. Accordingly, different approaches have been proposed to reduce handoff delay using pre-authentication and pre-registration. In one approach, the user equipment or mobile station, either working independently or in collaboration with one or more base stations, selects neighboring base stations it is likely to visit and participate in performing pre-registration/pre-authentication, proactive key distribution, and other procedures with candidate base stations before the user equipment or mobile station is handed off to neighboring networks. Most existing pre-registration/authentication mechanisms typically focus, however, on predicting the user equipment movement and, based on such movement, how to select target base stations that the user equipment station may be handed off to.
More specifically, some mechanisms use a centralized database associated with a server to collect the user equipment movement histories between cells to predict future handoff behavior through, for example, constructing neighbor graphs among access points in a WiFi network. However, the extra signaling messages exchanged between access points may cause consistency problem in signaling to other access points which do not employ the same algorithm. Furthermore, the centralized server is likely to become a performance bottleneck. In addition, this technique is not suitable for heterogeneous networks (networks using different access technologies) because the access points need to be under the same administrative domain.
In other mechanisms, each access point records the average required time intervals that a mobile station or the user equipment can reach its neighbors. When the user equipment requests pre-authentication, the serving access point helps to identify all the neighbors which satisfy the requirement. These mechanisms become hard to implement where there are a large number of mobile stations.
In view of existing techniques, some technical issues need to be resolved to allow for pre-registration/pre-registration to effectively reduce handoff delay. As mentioned above, one issue is when to perform pre-registration/pre-authentication. A mobile device or the or the user equipment may move at any speed and leave its current cell at any time. If pre-registration/pre-authentication is to be performed, it should be executed before actual handoff occurs. However, when the current cell is small and the user equipment is moving at high speed, the user equipment may not have sufficient time to perform pre-registration/pre-authentication with some or even any of the neighboring cells. It is therefore important to decide when and whether to trigger pre-registration/pre-authentication with neighboring cells.
Another issue is which neighboring networks or cells should pre-registration/pre-authentication be performed with. The user equipment may move in any direction and may change its moving direction at any time. It is therefore important to decide the neighboring cells with which the user equipment should perform pre-registration and pre-authentication. If pre-registration and pre-authentication is to be performed with multiple neighboring networks or cells, it is also important to determine the order in which the user equipment performs pre-registration and pre-authentication with these neighboring cells. This is because pre-registration and pre-authentication are time consuming and the mobile may leave its current cell before it completes the pre-registration and pre-authentication operations with all the neighboring networks or cells it sought to pre-register and pre-authenticate with.
Another issue is when to release network resources reserved by pre-registration/pre-authentication in the neighboring network. As illustrated in FIG. 2, once pre-registration/pre-authentication is accomplished with a neighboring cell or network, some contexts, including IP address, security keys, and mobility context, will be reserved for a particular user equipment or mobile station in the neighboring network. However, the user equipment may not visit visit some of the candidate cells with which the user equipment has performed pre-registration/pre-authentication. Therefore, it is important to delete the contexts in those cells in a timely manner.
Of utility then are systems and methods directed to addressing the issues and shortcomings associated with determining when to perform handoff and how long to reserve resources in wireless networks, and in particular all-IP wireless networks.

Pre registration/pre authentication in wireless networks


A method for data migration is provided. The method includes the following. A communication connection with a source migration terminal is established. A file list on the source migration terminal is acquired after the source migration terminal is accessed. First operations and second operations are executed in parallel. The first operations include reading out files on the source migration terminal according to the file list and storing the files read out on a migration terminal. The second operations include displaying the file list, receiving selection of a non-migrated file in the file list, and deleting the non-migrated file after the non-migrated file is migrated from the source migration terminal to the migration terminal and stored in the migration terminal. A terminal is further provided.

With the development of terminal technology, the update speed of smart phones, tablets, and other smart terminals is getting faster and faster. When replacing an old mobile phone with a new mobile phone, a user does not want to lose data in the old mobile phone due to the replacement of the old mobile phone, but wants to copy desired data in the old mobile phone to the new mobile phone. Therefore, many service providers or applications now provide a phone transfer function, that is, all data in the old mobile phone, including software, settings, and other data, can be copied to the new mobile phone completely as they were, which facilitates data transfer during mobile phone replacement.

GUANGDONG OPPO MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP., LTD.


The invention relates to a security device for a cover device of a pipe and/or for a pipe, that can be used for producing pipelines having a series of further pipes welded to each other, wherein the cover device comprises a sleeve covering an inner wall of the pipe, and the security device is designed for generating an alarm signal, wherein the security device comprises a structure-borne sound detection device comprising a structure-borne sound sensor for detecting manipulation of the pipe. The invention further relates to a system for monitoring pipes having a plurality of security devices having a receiving station for receiving the security device signals, preferably repeatable by means of a repeater, and an electronic data processor designed for analyzing the signals and for out-putting an alarm signal.

The present invention relates to a safety device for a covering device of a pipe and/or for a pipe, which can be used with a row of further pipes preferably in a form welded to one another for producing pipelines, wherein the covering device comprises a sleeve covering an inner wall of the pipe and the safety device is embodied to generate an alarm signal. Furthermore, the invention relates to a system for monitoring pipes.
Pipes that are used for pipeline construction must meet the highest quality requirements. The media to be transported through the pipelines, such as, e.g., oil, can cause great damage to the environment if they are assembled incorrectly. Furthermore, damage of this type leads to a high financial strain on the companies operating the pipeline. Before installation in an existing pipeline or before the assembly of several pipes to form a pipeline, particularly the edges and weld regions of the pipes must be particularly well protected. Covering devices can be used for this purpose, which in particular also seal parts of the inner wall located in the ends of the pipe by means of a sleeve or the like. In order to avoid damage due to incorrect use and associated impairment of the integrity of the pipes as well as tampering with the pipes, the transport and the storage of the pipes should be monitored until installation.
The object of the present invention is therefore to create a safety device that is embodied to generate an alarm signal and which can be used for the covering device and/or for a pipe. Furthermore, the object of the present invention is to create a system for monitoring pipes provided for pipeline construction.

Security device and system for monitoring pipes


Microdialysis sampling methods utilizing at least one microdialysis probe placed on the surface of a vital human or animal organ for sampling metabolic substances that indicate the metabolic conditions of the organ from the surface of the organ. The invention further relates to microdialysis sampling probes for sampling metabolic substances, said probes being adapted to be attached to the surface of a vital human or animal organ.

Microdialysis is a means of sampling substances from the body to help clinicians assess well-being or metabolic conditions by providing serial biochemical samples from a catheter which lies within the substance of an organ. Current commercial microdialysis systems are equipped for sample collection, handling, and analysis of small molecules including glucose, lactate, pyruvate and glycerol as markers of cell injury. Sample collection is based on passive diffusion through a semi-permeable membrane placed at the end of a catheter.
Microdialysis sampling can be performed on organs which move. For example microdialysis sampling can be used to study metabolic aspects of the beating heart. When a microdialysis probe is placed into the substance of a beating heart, there is always concern that the catheter position can be disturbed by the heart's contractions as well as risk for damage to heart tissue as well as the catheter when inserting the microdialysis probe. These risks are taken because it has been shown that the microdialysis technique gives a more rapid response compared to ECG monitoring, catecholamine analyses or other clinical signs of cardiac ischemia.
When a microdialysis catheter is placed in a tissue or organ, there will unavoidably be some tissue damage. If the microdialysis method is used clinically to monitor for example a myocardial metabolic state, it is important to minimize the damage associated with probe insertion. The tissue damage caused by probe placement makes it necessary to allow an equilibration period of 60 to 90 minutes before reliable data can be obtained and this is done in order to allow local resorption or redistribution of fluid that may have initially accumulated surrounding the catheter at the time of insertion. If the time needed for this equilibration period could be shortened or eliminated altogether, this would allow for a more efficacious clinical application of microdialysis sampling.
There is a clear need for a device and method that can sample changes in interstitial fluid concentrations of small molecules which agree strongly with microdialysis sampling direct from the interstitium which alleviates the above mentioned problems associated with microdialysis sampling from a probe placed in the substance of an organ, for example the heart wall.

Method and device for microdialysis sampling


An apparatus measures a surface position of an object. The apparatus includes an array of members, each of which comprises a probe for an atomic force from the object and is configured to move in accordance with the atomic force, an optical system configured to project a measurement light onto each of the array of members and to receive the measurement light reflected off each of the array of members, and a detector configured to detect the measurement light directed through the optical system with respect to each of the array of members.

The present invention relates generally to an apparatus and method for measuring a surface position of an object, such as, though not exclusively, a wafer for a semiconductor device and a glass plate for a liquid crystal display ("LCD"). And the present invention is applicable, for example, to an exposure apparatus used in a lithography process for manufacturing a device, such as a semiconductor device, a LCD device and a thin-film magnetic head.
In manufacturing devices using the photolithography technology, a projection exposure apparatus has been conventionally employed which uses a projection optical system to project a circuit pattern of a mask (reticle) onto a wafer, etc. to transfer the circuit pattern.
The projection exposure apparatus is required to expose the reticle's circuit pattern onto the wafer with high resolution for finer and higher-density integrated circuits ("ICs"). The minimum critical dimension ("CD") to be transferred by the projection exposure apparatus or resolution is proportionate to a wavelength of light used for exposure, and inversely proportionate to the numerical aperture ("NA") of the projection optical system. The shorter the wavelength is, the better the resolution is. The recent light source has shifted from an ultra-high pressure mercury lamp (such as g-line with a wavelength of approximately 436 nm and i-line with a wavelength of approximately 365 nm) to a KrF excimer laser (with a wavelength of approximately 248 nm) and an ArF excimer laser (with a wavelength of approximately 193 nm). An F2 laser (with a wavelength of approximately 157 nm) is about to reduce to practice. A further expansion of an exposure area is demanded.
A conventionally used step-and-repeat exposure apparatus (also referred to as a "stepper") exposes a reduced size of an approximately square exposure area onto a wafer. On the other hand, a step-and-repeat exposure apparatus (also referred to as to a "scanner"), which is suitable for precise exposure of a large screen and thus is about to become the main current, sets a rectangular or arc-shaped slit that is part of the exposure area and relatively scans the reticle and the wafer at a high speed.
In exposure, the scanner uses a surface-position detecting means of an oblique light projection system to measure a surface position of part of the wafer before the exposure slit area moves to the part of the wafer, and accords the part's surface with the best exposure image-plane position in exposing the part, thereby reducing influence of the wafer's flatness. In particular, plural measurement points are set in longitudinal direction of the exposure slit, i.e., a direction orthogonal to the scan direction, to measure the tilt of the wafer surface. Japanese Patent Application, Publication No. 6-260391, for example, discloses a wafer surface position measuring method for the scanner.
A brief description will be given of an exposure apparatus configuration that has a conventional wafer surface shape or position measuring apparatus. FIG. 13 is a block diagram of a schematic structure of the conventional exposure apparatus. The exposure light emitted from a light source 800 that uses, for example, an excimer laser, is shaped into an exposure slit having a predetermined shape suitable for exposure, and illuminates a patterned surface of the reticle 101. The patterned surface has a circuit pattern to be exposed, and the light that passes the circuit pattern forms a circuit pattern image on the imaging surface via a projection lens 102. A wafer 103 surface is located near the imaging surface.
The reticle 101 is held on a reticle stage RS that scans the reticle 101 in a Y direction. A wafer stage WS holds the wafer 103 and drives the wafer 103 in XYZ directions and around XYZ axes.
The circuit pattern of the reticle 101 is transferred onto a shot area as an area to be exposed on the wafer 103 by scanning the reticle stage RS and the wafer stage WS at a speed ratio corresponding to the exposure magnification. After exposure to one shot area (one shot exposure) ends, the wafer stage WS steps the wafer 103 to the next shot area for the scanning exposure in the −Y direction, inverse to the just previous scanning direction. A series of these actions is referred to as a step-and-scan exposure method unique to the scanner. The step-and-scan action exposes all the shot areas on the wafer 103.
During scanning in the one shot exposure, a focus and tilt detection system 133 obtains surface position information of the wafer 103 surface, and calculates a shift amount from the exposure image plane. The stage actions in the Z and tilt directions correct a position on the wafer 103 surface at almost an exposure slit unit. FIG. 14 shows a schematic structure of the focus and tilt detection system 133, but a detailed description thereof will be omitted because details of this structure is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application, Publication No. 6-260391.
The focus and tilt detection system 133 optically measures a height of the wafer 103 surface. The light is incident at a highly incident angle upon the wafer 103 surface, more particularly, the resist surface applied onto the wafer 103, and a position detector, such as a CCD, detects a shift of a reflected light image. The light is incident upon plural measuring points on the wafer 103, and the reflected light is guided to a separate position detector to detect the height of the wafer 103 surface at a different position. Based on the measuring result, a position of the wafer 103 is corrected in the Z direction and/or tilt direction (in a rotational direction around the X-axis direction and/or in a rotational direction around the Y-axis).
For the finer and higher-density ICs, the drastically reduced depth of focus ("DOC") of the exposure optical system narrows latitude in aligning an exposed wafer surface with the best focus position or requires stricter focus precision. As a result, the influence of a pattern formed on the wafer and a measuring error of the surface position detection system caused by the uneven resist thickness cannot become negligible.
FIG. 9 is an explanatory view for explaining reflectance changes associated with the resist thickness changes due to the patterned steps on the wafer. The reflectance on the resist applied wafer depends upon the influence between the reflected light on the resist front surface and the reflected light on the resist back surface (or wafer pattern front surface). Since a resist thickness Rt′ in a step part B is greater than a resist thickness Rt in a non-stepped area A on the wafer, an optical-path difference dA between reflected light ka1 on the resist front surface and reflected light ka2 on the resist back surface with respect to the light incident upon the area A is different from an optical-path difference dB between reflected light kb1 on the resist front surface and reflected light kb2 on the resist back surface with respect to the light incident upon the area B. As a result, the reflectance differs between the areas A and B. An asymmetrical signal waveform occurs when a projected image or measuring light of a grating pattern on a patterned plate is incident upon the areas having different reflectance changes. This reflectance changes occur not only in the simple resist thickness changes as in FIG. 9, but also another cause as in FIG. 10. FIG. 10 is a view for explaining a reflectance difference between an area C having no pattern or a low pattern density and an area D having a high pattern density. The resist thickness is equal between the areas C and D, and reflected lights kc1 and kd1 have almost the same reflectance on the resist front surface between the areas C and D. However, the areas C and D have different pattern densities, and reflected lights kc2 and kd2 have different reflectances on the resist back surface. In addition, when the wafer pattern structure is smaller than the wavelength of the illumination light, a phase jump phenomenon of the reflected light occurs, which is referred to as structural birefringence, and causes a phase difference between the reflected lights kc2 and kd2 on the resist back surface. Thereby, the areas C and D have different reflectances.
Since the reflection angle and reflected light intensity thus change according to wafer patterns, the detected waveform originating from the received reflected light contains asymmetry, consequently causing a detection error, remarkably lowers the contrast of the detection waveform, and hindering a precise detection of a surface position. In particular, for a wafer pattern size smaller than 65 nm, the focus measuring accuracy should be maintained lower than several nanometers, and the current optical measurement alone has a difficulty in maintaining the sufficient focus precision.

Surface shape measuring apparatus, surface measuring method, and exposure apparatus


the roof top carrier of the present invention has a roof top platform that moves horizontally between a storage position at the center of the roof of a motor home and an extended position adjacent the side of the motor home. A drop cradle moves vertically out of the roof top platform in its extended position to a lower position at ground level to provide user access to equipment or luggage stored in the roof top carrier. Two separate motors power the horizontal movement and the vertical movement for moving the equipment and luggage from the roof to the lower position at ground level alongside the motor home.

This invention relates to a roof top carrier, and more particularly to a roof top carrier designed particularly for recreational vehicles and motor homes and allows for convenient loading and unloading of equipment and luggage stored in the rooftop carrier.
Recreational vehicles and motor homes have become quite popular for long distance traveling and vacationing. Because the interior of these vehicles is somewhat limited and is as used for both sleeping and daytime activities, there is a need to provide extra storage space wherever possible. Roof top carriers have been developed that utilize the roof of the motor home as additional storage space.
Users of motor homes currently gain access to roof storage by climbing an access ladder on the rear of the motor home and carefully stepping along the unencumbered space near the roof storage position. After the roof load is accessed in this manner the secondary problem is to retrieve the load and return to the street level. This access to roof storage provides some hazard to the user with the danger of falling from a significant height and the hazard increases in bad weather.
In order to more conveniently and safely both load and unload the equipment or luggage stored in the roof top carriers on the motor home, it is necessary to provide an apparatus that raises and lowers the equipment and luggage between the ground and the storage position on the roof of the motor home. A number of lifting mechanisms and extending mechanisms have been proposed. Some are power operated by hydraulics and others by electric motors. In order to properly function as a roof top carrier, it is important that the carrier be able to handle a heavy load on a motor home roof and move the distances necessary to clear the side of the motor home during loading and unloading and to lower the load from the extensive height of the motor home roof to the street access height.
The roof top carrier should allow for a horizontal movement of the load from the storage position over the center of the roof of the motor home to an extended position at the side of the motor home. Then the load should be moved vertically to a location at or near ground level. It is preferable that these movements be independent and that the vertical movement be restricted so that it cannot take place until the drop cradle is clear of the motor home. Similarly, the horizontal movement should be restricted so that it cannot occur until the drop cradle is fully raised to prevent the load from hitting the side of the motor home.
The roof top carrier should also be a low profile mechanism so as not to add to the height of the motor home, yet still achieve the desired result of moving the load approximately six feet from the roof of the motor home to a location at or near the ground adjacent the side of the motor home.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a roof top carrier suitable for use on motor homes and recreational vehicles that safely stores equipment and luggage on the top of the motor home and mechanically allows storage and retrieval of the equipment and luggage without the necessity of climbing onto the roof of the motor home.
It is a feature of the present invention to provide a roof top carrier that has a roof top platform that telescopes horizontally to a position adjacent to the side of the motor home and a drop cradle that raises and lowers vertically between the top of the motor home and ground level by means of a scissor mechanism. Two independent motors operate the horizontal roof top platform and the vertical drop cradle. An electrical control system allows remote control operation of the roof top carrier.
It is an advantage of the present invention that equipment and luggage can be conveniently stored on the roof of a motor home. Access to the equipment and luggage is by means of a remote controlled roof top carrier that automatically stores and retrieves the equipment and luggage so that the user does not have to climb onto the roof of the motor home.
Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from a consideration of the following detailed description.


An electronic gaming machine includes a cabinet, an access door, an electromechanical latch mechanically coupled to the cabinet and configured to mechanically engage and disengage the access door, and a switch assembly operable to control the electromechanical latch. The switch assembly includes a lock mechanically coupled to the cabinet and extending into the cabinet, a cam mechanically coupled to a rotatable portion of the lock within the cabinet, and a switching element mounted within the cabinet proximate the cam and configured to be mechanically engaged and actuated by the cam when the cam rotates into contact with the switching element, wherein the switching element is electrically connected to the electromechanical latch and is further configured to control the electromechanical latch in response to actuation by the cam.

Electronic gaming machines (EGMs), or gaming devices, provide a variety of wagering games such as, for example, and without limitation, slot games, video poker games, video blackjack games, roulette games, video bingo games, keno games, and other types of games that are frequently offered at casinos and other locations. Play on EGMs typically involves a player establishing a credit balance by inserting or otherwise submitting money and placing a monetary wager (deducted from the credit balance) on one or more outcomes of an instance, or play, of a primary game, sometimes referred to as a base game. In many games, a player may qualify for secondary games or bonus rounds by attaining a certain winning combination or other triggering event in the base game. Secondary games provide an opportunity to win additional game instances, credits, awards, jackpots, progressives, etc. Awards form any winning outcomes are typically added back to the credit balance and can be provided to the player upon completion of a gaming session or when the player wants to "cash out."
Slot games are often displayed to the player in the form of various symbols arranged in a row-by-column grid, or "matrix." Specific matching combinations of symbols along predetermined paths, or paylines, drawn through the matrix indicate the outcome of the game. The display typically highlights winning combinations and outcomes for ready identification by the player. Matching combinations and their corresponding awards are usually shown in a "pay-table" that is available to the player for reference. Often, the player may vary his/her wager to included differing numbers of paylines and/or the amount bet on each line. By varying the wager, the player may sometimes alter the frequency or number of winning combinations, the frequency or number of secondary games, and/or the amount awarded.
Typical games use a random number generator (RNG) to randomly determine the outcome of each game. The game is designed to return a certain percentage of the amount wagered back to the player, referred to as return to player (RTP), over the course of many plays or instances of the game. The RTP and randomness of the RNG are fundamental to ensuring the fairness of the games and are therefore highly regulated. The RNG may be used to randomly determine the outcome of a game and symbols may then be selected that correspond to that outcome. Alternatively, the RNG may be used to randomly select the symbols whose resulting combinations determine the outcome. Notably, some games may include an element of skill on the part of the player and are therefore not entirely random.
EGMs are commonly secured against unauthorized entry by one or more locking mechanisms, such as, for example, one or more mechanical locks that engage and secure one or more access doors on a cabinet of the EGMs. Traditionally, casinos have employed cylindrical or barrel locks for this purpose. For instance, many casinos depend upon a barrel lock coupled between an EGM cabinet and an access door to prevent unauthorized entry into the EGM. Thus, traditional locking mechanisms are purely mechanical and cannot be electronically actuated. In addition, there are many hundreds or thousands of types of barrel locks in use across casinos world-wide and casinos are typically reluctant to swap these locks for new or upgraded locking mechanisms, particularly as their employees and technicians would also require replacement keys, etc.
Improvements to electronic gaming machine cabinet locking mechanisms are, however, desirable. For example, locking mechanisms that do not include a requirement of physical contact between a lock and an access door are desirable. In addition, locking mechanisms capable of electronic and/or computer control are desirable. Further, a universal locking mechanism, such as a universal switch assembly, that can be swapped into an existing gaming machine cabinet and used with an existing barrel lock and key combination is desirable.

Universal switch assembly for locking and unlocking an access door of a gaming machine cabinet

ARISTOCRAT TECHNOLOGIES AUSTRALIA PTY LIMITED


In a NUMA-topology computer system that includes multiple nodes and multiple logical partitions, some of which may be dedicated and others of which are shared, NUMA optimizations are enabled in shared logical partitions. This is done by specifying a home node parameter in each virtual processor assigned to a logical partition. When a task is created by an operating system in a shared logical partition, a home node is assigned to the task, and the operating system attempts to assign the task to a virtual processor that has a home node that matches the home node for the task. The partition manager then attempts to assign virtual processors to their corresponding home nodes. If this can be done, NUMA optimizations may be performed without the risk of reducing the performance of the shared logical partition.

1. Technical Field
This disclosure generally relates to computer systems, and more specifically relates to computer systems that include multiple logical partitions that share resources.
2. Background Art
The combination of hardware and software on a particular computer system defines a computing environment. Different hardware platforms and different operating systems thus provide different computing environments. In recent years, engineers have recognized that it is possible to provide different computing environments on the same physical computer system by logically partitioning the computer system resources to different computing environments. The Power Systems computer system developed by IBM is an example of a computer system that supports logical partitioning. If logical partitioning on a Power Systems computer system is desired, partition manager code (referred to as a "hypervisor" in IBM terminology) is installed that allows defining different computing environments on the same platform. Once the partition manager is installed, logical partitions may be created that define different computing environments. The partition manager manages the logical partitions to assure that they can share needed resources in the computer system while maintaining the separate computing environments defined by the logical partitions.
Non-uniform memory access (NUMA) is a computer architecture that provides multiple nodes that each have multiple processors coupled to local memory. While all memory in all nodes may be accessed by any processor in the system, the time to access memory that is local to a processor is much less that the time to access memory that is remote from a processor (e.g., on a different node). In this sense, the memory access times in the system are non-uniform, meaning local memory accesses are faster than remote memory accesses.
Logical partitions may be dedicated or shared. A dedicated logical partition has resources that are dedicated to it, which means only the dedicated logical partition may use these resources. A shared logical partition, on the other hand, uses resources that may also be used by other logical partitions. When a computer has a NUMA topology and is logically partitioned, NUMA optimizations may be enabled on all dedicated logical partitions. However, NUMA optimizations are typically disabled for all shared logical partitions because the sharing of the resources reduces the effectiveness of the NUMA optimizations. In addition, if NUMA optimizations were enabled on shared logical partitions, it could lead to a net decrease in performance for the logical partition. As a result, when a NUMA computer system is logically partitioned in the prior art, NUMA optimizations are enabled for dedicated logical partitions but are disabled for shared logical partitions. Without a way to enable NUMA optimizations on shared logical partitions without the possibility of decreased performance, shared logical partitions in a NUMA computer system will not benefit from NUMA optimizations.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Non-uniform memory access (NUMA) enhancements for shared logical partitions

International Business Machnies Corporation


Conventional reference beam detecting apparatus require the use of transits and levels in addition to the reference beam detecting apparatus itself to make the operation of determining the height of construction very cumbersome. A reference beam detecting apparatus 404 according to the invention comprises a first light receiving section 412 and a second light receiving section 414. The angle SFH formed by the first light receiving section 412 and the front surface of the apparatus main body and the angle SFG formed by the second light receiving section 414 and the front surface of the apparatus main body are same and equal to about 30.degree. . The reference beam detecting apparatus further comprises a light receiving position display section 118, a notch 140 and a data display section 404. An angular displacement computing circuit determines the angular displacement of the reference beam detecting apparatus 404 on the basis of the output signal of a laser beam detecting circuit to correct the error due to the angular displacement of the reference beam detecting apparatus.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates a reference beam detecting apparatus for detecting a reference laser beam emitted from a laser unit to determine the height of construction. It also relates to a reference beam detecting apparatus comprising a data display section for displaying its angular displacement relative to a laser unit and a data display section for displaying the distance between itself and the laser unit.
2. Prior Art
Transits and levels are conventionally used on building sites and other construction sites to determine a reference plane or a reference height. Recently, laser levels designed to emit laser beams in the form of a sector to define a reference plane are getting popular along with rotary laser units designed to emit a rotating laser beam to define a reference plane. Such a laser unit is typically used in combination with a reference beam detecting apparatus for receiving the emitted laser beam to define a reference plane or a reference height. The construction personnel puts a mark at each appropriate reference position to reflect the indication displayed on the display section of the reference beam detecting apparatus for that position.
Thus, known reference beam detecting apparatus are replacing transits, levels and other surveying apparatus to determine or select a reference height. However, actual construction works, if simple, involve a number of different surveying operations including determining the distance of a spot from a reference position, seeing the angle of a bent wall, finding the gradient of a ditch or a drain pipe and so on, that require the use of transits and levels in addition to the reference beam detecting apparatus to make such operations more cumbersome than before.
In view of the above identified problem of known reference beam detecting apparatus, it is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an improved reference beam detecting apparatus that can carry out various surveying operations including determining the distance of a pot from a reference position, seeing the angle of a bent wall and so on to significantly reduce the time required for a construction work.
Another object of the invention is to provide a reference beam detecting apparatus that can determine the gradation of a ditch, a drain pipe or some other object of construction.

Reference irradiation beam detecting apparatus


A headrest hat hook hanger that mounts to the side of headrest post with a clamp bracket that stand up and holds the double hat coat hook on the side wall of the headrest to hang hats, caps, and coats from the side of the headrest seat inside a vehicle.

There are different types of headrest hangers to hang garments inside a vehicle and some are bulky apparatus mostly that hang from the back of the seat where it is hard to reach. There are some headrest hanger that wrap around the headrest and others hang from the post. The problem is there are no hangers for hats that stand up on the side of the headrest where it is easy for the driver and passenger to reach.


A new and distinct cultivar of Phlox plant named ‘Candy Floss’, characterized by its upright and compact plant habit; freely basally branching habit; dense and bushy growth habit; attractive dark pink-colored flowers; freely and continuous flowering habit; resistance to Powdery Mildew; and good garden performance.

The present invention relates to a new and distinct cultivar of Phlox, botanically known as Phlox paniculata and hereinafter referred to by the name 'Candy Floss'.
The new Phlox is a product of a planned breeding program conducted by the Inventor in Haarlem, The Netherlands. The objective of the breeding program was to create new compact Phlox cultivars with attractive flower coloration and Powdery Mildew resistance.
The new Phlox originated from a cross-pollination made by the Inventor in 1988 in Haarlem, The Netherlands, of two unidentified selections of Phlox paniculata, not patented. The new Phlox was discovered and selected by the Inventor as a single flowering plant within the progeny of the stated cross-pollination in a controlled environment in Haarlem, The Netherlands in 1999.
Asexual reproduction of the new Phlox by vegetative cuttings in a controlled environment in Haarlem, The Netherlands since 1999, has shown that the unique features of this new Phlox are stable and reproduced true to type in successive generations.


Systems and methods of labeling optical disk recording media using black leuco dyes in an electromagnetic radiation sensitive composition are described. Black leuco dyes containing isobenzofuranone are prepared in various compositions that can include activators, radiation absorbers, non-leuco colorants, and/or a variety of carriers. The leuco dye compositions can be applied and prepared to achieve a desired visual effect upon development of the black leuco dye.

Optical disks represent a significant percentage of the market for data storage of software as well as of photographic, video, and/or audio data. Typically, optical disks have data patterns embedded thereon that can be read from one or both side(s) of the disk, and a graphic display printed on the other side of the disk. The data readable side, or data side, of the disk contains a spiral track of variably spaced depressions, called pits, separated by undepressed surface called land. A low-powered laser is focused onto the spiral track. The height difference between pits and lands creates a phase shift in the reflected beam that may be measured and translated into usable data. Various optical disk formats are currently available such as CD, CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD, DVD-R and DVD-RW. Other optical disk formats are also available.
In order to identify the contents of the optical disk, printed patterns or graphic display information can be printed on the non-data side of the disk. The patterns or graphic display can be both decorative and provide pertinent information about the data content of the disk. In the past, commercial labeling has been routinely accomplished using screen-printing methods. While this method can provide a wide variety of label content, it tends to be cost ineffective for production of less than about 400 disks because of the fixed costs associated with preparing a stencil or combination of stencils and printing the desired pattern or graphic display.
In recent years, the significant increase in use of optical disks for data storage by consumers have increased the demand to provide customized labels to reflect the content of the optical disk. Most consumer available methods of labeling are limited to either handwritten descriptions and preprinted labels which may be affixed to the disk but may also adversely affect the disk performance upon spinning at high speeds.

Black leuco dyes for use in CD/DVD labeling

Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.


A method and an apparatus operate a tank system including a tank system of a motor vehicle. The tank system includes a tank for receiving a fluid medium forming a volatile substance and an adsorption filter connected to the tank for receiving the volatile substance which emanates from the tank. A shutoff valve is connected to the adsorption filter and is drivable between an open position and a closed position whereat the tank system is closed off to the ambient. A tank fill-level sensor detects the fill level of the fluid medium in the tank. A fill pipe is connected to the tank for filling with the fluid medium. The fill level is detected while tanking and the shutoff valve is driven into the closed position when the fill level has reached a maximum fill level.

The invention relates, generally, to control units for monitoring the emission of volatile substances in tank systems, especially of fuel vapors in motor vehicles as a consequence of a tanking operation. The invention relates especially to such a tank system wherein an adsorption filter is provided for taking up the forming volatile substances and wherein a tightness check of a tank leakage diagnostic arrangement is carried out from time to time.
In motor vehicles driven by internal combustion engines, a venting of the fuel supply tank is absolutely necessary for a continued supply of fuel. Air must flow into the tank when fuel is consumed because a vacuum would otherwise form in the tank and the fuel flow would be interrupted. The tank is, however, also to be vented in order to permit the contents of the tank sufficient opportunity for expansion during warming. In addition, enough air must exit from the tank when tanking so that the introduced fuel does not immediately splash out of the fill pipe provided on the tank.
In motor vehicles, tank-venting systems are increasingly utilized having a so-called xe2x80x9con-board refueling vapor recoveryxe2x80x9d (ORVR) function. Here, vaporizing or excessive fuel vapor or fuel gas is not directed into the ambient but is directed into an active charcoal filter (ACF) via a venting line having a large cross section. During a tanking operation, the necessary overpressure therefor adjusts because the particular pistol-like fill nozzle tightly closes against the fill stub with the aid of a rubber bellows. The fuel vapor is stored in the ACF and is, during driving operation of the motor vehicle, supplied via an electromagnetic tank-venting valve to an intake manifold of the engine and therewith to the combustion. In this way, an emission of the environmentally damaging fuel vapors from the tank is substantially prevented from reaching the ambient and, at the same time, the vapors, which are supplied to the engine, are themselves utilized as fuel whereby the fuel consumption is reduced.
In this connection, reference is made to the statutory requirements for operating internal combustion engines in regions of the United States. According to these statutory requirements, it is necessary that motor vehicles wherein volatile fuels such as gasoline are used, have a control unit of the kind mentioned initially herein which is capable to locate a leakage in the tank or in the entire fuel tank system utilizing on-board means.
In summary, tank systems of the kind mentioned initially herein have to fulfill the following tasks:
(a) a tanking operation of the fuel tank must be reliably ended when a pregiven maximum tank fill level is reached and especially while avoiding a splashing of fuel. The end of tanking is reached when the fuel in the fill pipe climbs up to the fill nozzle and then switches the latter off.
(b) during tanking, it is to be ensured that air or fuel vapor displaced in the fuel tank (in the above-mentioned ORVR tank systems) can escape from the tank into the ACF.
(c) an operational venting of the fuel tank or a pressure compensation in the tank must be guaranteed all of the time.
(d) in the case of damage to the vehicle (especially when the vehicle is turned over), a draining of the fuel is to be effectively prevented (so-called roll-over function).
(e) a tank leakage diagnosis for checking the tank system as to tightness must be possible all of the time especially during driving operation (so-called on-board diagnostic function).
From U.S. Pat. No. 5,890,474, it is known for carrying out a leakage diagnosis that first the tank system is closed off with respect to the ambient by means of an electrically drivable check valve and, thereafter, the tank system is charged with an overpressure or underpressure. A leakage diagnostic method, which is improved with respect to the above, provides, in contrast, a switch-over valve by means of which a leakage diagnosis pump can be switched over between a reference leak and the tank or the tank system.
In addition, known tank systems for satisfying the above-mentioned functions have a plurality of mechanical tanking valves. Inter alia, a float valve ensures the above-mentioned escape of displaced air during a tanking operation. When the tank fill level reaches the provided maximum elevation, then the float valve closes and thereby prevents an escape of the displaced air. As a consequence, the pressure in the tank increases which, in turn, causes the fuel in the fill pipe to climb until it reaches the level of the fill nozzle. The fill nozzle detects this liquid fuel and thereupon shuts off the flow of fuel. For this reason, measures are provided which effectively prevent a splashing of fuel also in this tanking phase.
In view of the above, it is an object of the invention to provide a tank system as well as a method for its operation which avoid the above-mentioned disadvantages of the state of the art and permit a low emission operation of such a system especially during a tanking operation with means as simple and cost-effective as possible.
The method of the invention is for operating a tank system including a tank system of a motor vehicle. The tank system includes: a tank for receiving a fluid medium forming a volatile substance; an adsorption filter connected to the tank for receiving the volatile substance which emanates from the tank; a shutoff valve operatively connected to the adsorption filter and being electrically drivable between an open position and a closed position whereat the tank system is closed off pressure tight with respect to the ambient; a tank fill-level sensor for detecting the fill level of the fluid medium in the tank and for transmitting a signal indicative of the fill level of the fluid medium; and, a fill pipe connected to the tank for filling the tank with the fluid medium. The method includes the steps of: detecting the fill level when tanking the tank; and, driving the shutoff valve into the closed position when the fill level has reached a maximum fill level.
The invention is based on the idea to replace the mechanical valves utilized up to now by the least number of electrical valves possible. Preferably, the invention provides a single electrically drivable check valve which satisfies all of the above-mentioned functions. In the case of a check valve or switch-over valve already present, such as in the initially-mentioned ORVR tank systems, this is retrofitted as an electrical tanking valve in the manner provided by the invention.
Accordingly, the invention advantageously makes unnecessary the mechanical or electrical tank valves required up to now. A check valve or switch-over valve, which is already present for tank leakage diagnosis, is used to satisfy all the functions in accordance with the invention which are necessary for tanking and operational venting. This savings leads to a cost savings as well as to a weight reduction of the motor vehicle concerned. It is noted that the optionally provided tank cap switch also affords advantages for the tank leakage diagnosis because it can, for example, prevent a diagnosis operation from starting so long as the tank cap is open.
In order to prevent still more effectively a splashing at the end of the tanking, it can be further provided that the venting cross section is reduced in a stepwise manner when closing the check valve whereby the overpressure in the tank only increases slowly. In this way, it is prevented that the fuel splashes out of the fill pipe at the end of tanking.

Method and arrangement for obtaining a low-emission tanking operation of a tank system including a tank system of a motor vehicle


A method for controlling a variable speed drive arranged for powering an electric motor, the variable speed drive comprising a power part and a control part. The method comprises a preliminary phase of storing a set of predetermined levels of flux of the electric motor. Then, during a current phase, the method comprises selecting a level of flux from among the set of predetermined levels of flux and controlling the power part of the variable speed drive based on the selected level of flux as reference value.

The present invention relates to the control of a variable speed drive, or simply "drive" hereafter, that s arranged for powering a motor.
Different types of drives have been conceived depending on the application and the nature of the motor:                drives for DC motors;        frequency converter for an asynchronous AC motor;        dimmer for asynchronous AC motor;        drives for a step machine;        Etc.
A drive comprises a power part and a control part controlling the power part. The power part comprises power electronics elements such as transistors and Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor, IGBT, and its architecture depends on the application and the nature of the motor that is powered by the drive. The control part may implement a control law, which can be optimized for the application. A target may also be to optimize the energy consumption of the motor for realizing the application.
Energy savings control laws exist, but they raise several issues/shortcomings.
Quadratic voltage profile is a control law that is easy to use, but it is well adapted only for a quadratic load profile starting from torque zero and speed zero up to nominal torque value and nominal speed value. In this control law, the flux level is continuously varying according to the speed. Also, the torque T can be expressed as T=k*V2, where V is the speed and k is a coefficient. If the application is not perfectly quadratic or if there is a change of coefficient k, then the working point of the motor may be outside of the trajectory of the variable speed drive and the control law is not optimal. There is no possibility to correct it so that the quadratic control law lacks flexibility.
A "Nold" control law is based on automatic adaptation of flux depending on torque and is adapted to all types of applications. Again, the flux level is varying continuously and the Nold control law requires dynamic control gain to be set by default. As the function between torque and flux is dynamic and require knowledge of nonlinear magnetic relationship, the flux cannot be controlled with accuracy using this method, and the energy efficiency of the Nold control law is not optimal to anticipate load perturbation or speed change.
There is therefore a need to improve the drive control law in terms of energy efficiency, reactivity and/or flexibility.

Control of a power part of a variable speed drive based on predetermined levels of flux


A mobile communication device (202) outside the service area of a communications network 210 in need of satellite positioning assistance information to perform a location determination (308). The mobile communication device receives the assistance information from a peer mobile communication device (204, 206) over a direct link.

Mobile communication devices are in widespread use throughout metropolitan regions of the world. These devices are increasingly common and affordable, and to remain competitive manufactures have sought to include additional functionality in them. For example, manufacturers are now including positioning receivers in mobile communication devices to support a number of location applications, such as location reporting for emergency services, and navigation.
The use of satellite positioning receivers in mobile communication devices was initially driven by safety concerns related to locating a person calling emergency services using a mobile communication device. Although it is simple to determine the cell location of a mobile caller, the area encompassed by a cell may be quite large, especially in rural areas. Therefore some governments are now requiring that mobile communication devices include a means for determining their own location and reporting it when necessary, such as when the mobile communication device user calls an emergency phone number. Although numerous methods of approximate location determination have been developed, using such techniques as triangulation and relative power levels of signals received from base station radios in the vicinity of the mobile communication device, these methods have not proven sufficiently reliable or precise.
The preferred means of providing location determination in a mobile communication device is to include a satellite positioning receiver. However, this approach is not without significant design challenges. For one, the time needed for a satellite positioning receiver to lock onto a sufficient number of positioning satellite signals from an autonomous or "cold" start can be significant, taking several minutes or more. This is due to the number of unknown variables the satellite positioning receiver must determine when commencing a cold start. For one, the satellite positioning receiver must know which satellites are presently in view to search for the signals transmitted by those satellites, otherwise the positioning receiver must search for each satellite until it determines which ones are presently in view. The ephemeris orbital parameters, and related parameters such as Doppler shift are of significant assistance if known before initiating a location fix. The present time of day and approximate location are very helpful. This type of aiding information may be available from a communication system, and may be transmitted to the mobile communication device from, for example, a base station in a cellular telephony system. Aiding information received from the network is referred to as network aiding. Network aiding will reduce the time to first fix to a few seconds to a minute, depending on signal conditions. Network aiding involves transmitting information to reduce the search time of the satellite positioning receiver, and may include time of day, approximate location, and satellite ephemeris. However, when the mobile communication device is out of range of the communication system, is not designed to access a communication system, or when the communication system does not support satellite positioning location aiding, the mobile communication device must often perform a cold start in determining its location.
However, some mobile communication devices are being manufactured with the ability to communicate directly with other mobile communication devices for use in remote areas, outside of communication system coverage. In situations where the mobile communication device is outside the coverage area of a communication system, the precision frequency signal is unavailable. Therefore there is a need for a way in which a mobile communication device operating in a remote area outside the coverage of a communication system can reduce the time needed to perform a location determination.

Method for providing location aiding among peers operating in a direct communication mode


Intravascular contrast agents are provided by Gd-chelates modified so as to comprise an amino acid unit attached to the chelate via a linker group suitably selected from C2-4alkylene and C3-5alkynylene. The chelates may be used as an intravascular contrast agent for MRI. Certain embodiments demonstrate enhanced relaxivity and good levels of signal enhancement.

MRI has become one of the most important and prominent techniques in diagnostic clinical medicine. The most commonly used contrast agents (CAs) nowadays are thermodynamically and kinetically stable low molecular weight gadolinium complexes. However, current clinically available Gd-based contrast agents can be non-specific and inefficient. Indeed, current clinically available Gd-based contrast agents may suffer from drawbacks including rapid excretion and transient tissue retention.
Whilst macromolecular Gd complexes have been developed as intravascular CAs for blood pool and tumor angiogenesis because they may provide increased and prolonged contrast enhancement within the blood pool at low doses, large polymeric Gd complexes are associated with limitations, such as poorly defined architectures, unpredictable pharmacokinetics, and an increased possibility of Gd leakage from the Gd complex due to prolonged tissue retention.

Agency for Science, Technology and Research


New C2C3 random copolymers, which combine low sealing initiation temperature (SIT), high hot-tack, low C6-solubles, good optical properties and an improved stiffness/impact balance, which are particularly suited for preparing blown films. The present invention is furthermore related to the manufacture of said copolymers and to their use, as well as to the blown films comprising such C2C3 random copolymers.

Polypropylenes succeed more and more to replace polyethylenes in many technical fields as quite often the new generation of polypropylenes have enhanced properties compared to conventional polyethylene materials. This applies also for the field of blown films where polypropylene take advantage of molecular engineering to overcome previous material shortcomings for blown-film production.
The blown films sector constitutes an area of ever-increasing importance in various application segments, such as industry packaging, consumer packaging, bags and sacks, lamination films, barrier films, packaging of food or medical products, agriculture films, hygienic products and products packaging.
Polypropylene is applicable in areas where sealing properties play an important role, like in the food packing industry, especially when a good combination of transparency and mechanical performance is desired. Such a combination is difficult to achieve if the material should be suitable for sealing layers of multi-layer films, which require a good balance between sealing initiation temperature (SIT) and hot tack force (HTF). A combination of lower SIT and higher hot tack force allows the converter to run the lines during the packaging step at higher speeds, but the overall performance of the film construction will only be satisfactory if the sealing layer is sufficiently flexible, tough and transparent.
To ensure fast sealing, a low SIT is of advantage. By operating at lower temperature there is the benefit that the article to be sealed is not exposed to high temperatures. There are also economical advantages, since lower temperatures are of course cheaper to generate and maintain.
There are further advantages in avoiding high sealing temperatures, especially when temperature sensitive goods are to be packed.
Furthermore, it is also desired to have a packaging material with satisfactory optical properties, such as low haze and/or high clarity.
For example, C2/C3/C4 terpolymers prepared in the presence of Ziegler-Natta catalysts are quite often used as sealing layer. However, the optical properties of such terpolymers are not always satisfying. One approach to improve the optical properties is to add nucleating agents or clarifiers. This will clearly improve the optics of the finished products, but this technology has certain limits with regard to the purity of the products. Adding additives will introduce extra chemicals, which potentially leads to conflicts for the key application area such as food or medical packaging where the purity of the product is of high importance.
In addition of course the standards issued by the food and drug administration (FDA), i.e. inter alia having low amounts of extractables, like C6-solubles (C6 FDA), should be met.
Irrespective of the polymer type, a polymer must fulfil at best all desired end properties and additionally must be easily processable, i.e. it must withstand stress. However, end properties and processing properties act often in a conflicting manner.
It frequently turns out that improvement of one of the desired properties is achieved at the expense of at least one of the other properties.
Several attempts have been made to solve the above problems.
EP 3064514 B1, for example, discloses a C2C3 random copolymer composition for heat sealing comprising three polymer fractions (A), (B) and (C) with different comonomer content, whereby the composition is obtained in the presence of a metallocene catalyst.
Claimed are C2C3 random copolymer compositions comprising polymer fractions (A), (B) and (C), whereby, fraction (A) has a C2 content (C2 A) of 0.4 to 1.5 wt %, fraction (B) has a C2 content (C2 B) of 3.0 to 10.0 wt %, and fraction (C) has a C2 content (C2 C) of 7.0 to 15.0 wt %, whereby the comonomer content of the polymer fractions increases from fraction (A) to fraction (C) according to (C2 A)<(C2 B)<(C2 C), and whereby the composition is characterized by (i) a total C2 content in the range of 3.0-7.0 wt %, (ii) a melt flow rate MFR2 (230° C.) in the range of 2.0 to 15.0 g/10 min, (iii) a melting temperature Tm of from 128° C. to 145° C., (iv) a crystallization temperature Tc of from 85° C. to 110° C. and (v) a hexane solubles content determined in accordance with FDA section 177.1520 of at most 2.0 wt %.
Such compositions have a low sealing initiation temperature (SIT) but also low hot tack force (HTF). The key drawback of the compositions of the inventive Examples is the high MFR2 of around 7.0 g/10 min, so that these compositions cannot be used for blown film.
EP 2965908 B1 discloses a PP random copolymer with ethylene, wherein (a) said propylene copolymer has a C2 content in the range of 5.3 to 9.0 wt %, a melting temperature Tm in the range of 128 to 138° C., and a xylene cold soluble fraction (XCS) in the range of 9.0 to 18.0 wt %. Said propylene copolymer comprises two fractions: a first propylene copolymer fraction (R-PP1) and a second propylene copolymer fraction (R-PP2) and said first propylene copolymer fraction (R-PP1) differs from said second propylene copolymer fraction (R-PP2) in the ethylene content.
It is stated that for this invention, it is required that the comonomer content of the propylene copolymer (R-PP) is in the range of 5.3 to 8.5 wt.-%, preferably in the range of 5.5 to 8.2 wt.-%. In the Examples, the random copolymers are produced in the presence of a Ziegler-Natta catalyst.
Such compositions show already quite a good balance of SIT and HTF, but the tensile modulus determined according to ISO 527-3 at 23° C. on cast films with a thickness of 50 mm in machine direction is with ˜310 MPa quite low and the hexane solubles content (C6 FDA) is with ˜3.0 wt % quite high.
Therefore, there is still a need to design materials having improved sealing behaviour due to low sealing initiation temperature (SIT) and high hot tack force (HTF), and in addition having low hexane soluble fraction, good optical properties and an improved stiffness/impact balance.


An interface device configured to provide an electrostatic friction (ESF) effect is disclosed. The interface device comprises a plurality of electrodes disposed at a surface of the interface device. It further comprises a signal generating circuit configured to generate a first drive signal at an output of the signal generating circuit, and comprises a plurality of frequency filter units or delay elements electrically connected to the signal generating circuit and to the plurality of electrodes. The interface device further comprises a control unit configured to use the plurality of frequency filter units or delay elements: (i) to cause only a subset of one or more electrodes of the plurality of electrodes to output one or more respective ESF effects with the first drive signal, or (ii) to cause at least two electrodes to output respective ESF effects with the first drive signal in different respective manners.

As computer-based systems become more prevalent, the quality of the interfaces through which humans interact with these systems is becoming increasingly important. Haptic feedback, or more generally haptic effects, can improve the quality of the interfaces by providing cues to users, providing alerts of specific events, or providing realistic feedback to create greater sensory immersion within a virtual environment.
Examples of haptic effects include kinesthetic haptic effects (such as active and resistive force feedback), vibrotactile haptic effects, and electrostatic friction haptic effects. In electrostatic friction haptic effects, a current may be provided to an electrode. The electrode may then exert an attractive force on the skin of a user, who may perceive this force as electrostatic friction.

Method and apparatus for controlling generation of electrostatic friction effects for a plurality of electrodes


A control method for a wind power generating system includes the following procedures. When a rotational speed control condition is satisfied, a wind turbine is switched to operate under a rotational speed control mode to limit the electricity power by a maximum power point shifting manner. When a speed of an external wind is greater than a predetermined wind speed, the wind turbine is switched to operate under a safety mode to decrease a rotational speed of the wind turbine by a maximum torque extraction manner to protect the wind power generating system. A wind power generating system is also disclosed herein.

1. Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to a power generating system and control method thereof, and more particularly, to a wind power generating system and control method thereof.
2. Description of Related Art
Recently, with rising awareness about environmental protection, technologies of renewable energies are developed rapidly. In various kinds of renewable evergies, a wind power generation is a simple manner of generating power without pollution. The wind power generation is performed by using a natural wind (i.e., an external wind) to drive fan blades of a wind turbine to transform the external wind into an electricity power, to provide sufficient power for a load (e.g., a battery or a transmission network).
However, when a speed of the external wind increases, a rotational speed of the fan blades of the wind turbine also increases, such that the electricity power generated by the wind turbine may exceed a tolerable range of the load, resulting in breakdowns of instruments of a wind power generating system. Furthermore, when the speed of the external wind is too high, the wind turbine itself may not afford too high rotational speed and thus may be out of control or be damaged.
As known in the prior art, when the speed of the external wind is too high, a protection mechanism of the wind turbine is performed when three phase outputs of an electric generator are short-circuited by electronic devices to utilize a torque of the electric generator to decrease the rotational speed of the fan blades and the electric generator to a lowest rotational speed. For example, a relay or a circuit breaker is activated with an electric control manner or a manual manner to short-circuit the three phase outputs of the electric generator. But, when the wind turbine operates at a high rotational speed, if a maximum torque produced by short-circuiting the three phase outputs is directly used to instantly stop the wind turbine, the fan blades and the electric generator tend to be damaged easily.
Hence, the conventional skill still has the aforementioned shortcomings and defficiencies desired to be overcome.

Wind power generating system and method for controlling the same


A system and method for an imaging circadiometer that measures the spatial distribution of eye-mediated, non-image-forming optical radiation within the visible spectrum.

There are a variety of photoreceptors in the retina of the human eye, including cones, rods, and intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). The cones provide color vision, the rods provide monochromatic vision under low light levels, and the ipRGCs serve as a zeitgeber ("time-giver") to synchronize (or "entrain") the circadian rhythm of the human biological clock to the ambient light levels of the (natural) environment.
Historically the spectral responsivities of these photoreceptors were published in Kojima, D., et al. 2011. "UV-Sensitive Photoreceptor Protein OPN5 in Humans and Mice," Public Library of Science (PloS) ONE. 6(10): e26388. Their distributions (i.e. α-opic distributions) are identified as:
Approximate PeakOpsinSpectral ResponseSensitivityOPN1SW ("blue opsin")Cyanopic425 nmOPN1MW ("green opsin")Chloropic530 nmOPN1LM ("red opsin")Erythropic560 nmRh (rhodopsin)Rhodopic495 nmOPN4 (melanopsin)Melanopic480 nmOPN5 (neuropsin)Neuropic380 nmwhere the opsins are light-sensitive proteins within the photoreceptive cells. These distributions are spectral responsivity distributions of short-wavelength cones (S-cones), medium-wavelength cones (M-cones), long-wavelength cones (L-cones), rods, ipRGCs, and neuropsin.
In 2018 these spectral responsivities were updated and published by the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (International Lighting Commission) in CIE S 026/E:2018, "CIE System for Metrology of Optical Radiation for ipRGC-Influenced Responses to Light," wherein the cone and rod spectral responsivities referenced those in the existing publication CIE 15:2004, "Colorimetry," Third Edition. These updated distributions are identified as:
PhotoreceptorSpectral ResponsePeak SensitivityS-ConeCyanolabe450 nmM-ConeChlorolabe542 nmL-ConeErythrolabe570 nmRodRhodopsin510 nmipRGCMelanopsin490 nm
While the neuropic spectral response was not formally identified in CIE S 026/E:2018 as an opsin which is related to human ipRGC-influenced responses, it nevertheless remains a compelling part of the scientific investigation into human physiological and psychological responses to light.
Additionally, while no specific photoreceptors containing neuropsin have been identified in the human retina, it is known to be present in the human cornea, and it has been shown to be involved in the synchronization of circadian rhythms in mice and (presumably) humans.
It is also known that the synchronization of circadian rhythms in mammals involves input from not only ipRGCs, but cones and rods (e.g., Lucas, R. J., et al. 2013. "Measuring and Using Light in the Melanopsin Age," Trends in Neuroscience 37(1):1-9). Known response signaling pathways involving each of the opsins are shown by Lucas, which illustrates the interconnection of ipRGCs with rod and cone photoreceptors and the integration of their signals involved in circadian rhythm entrainment.
Finally, it is known that cones, rods, and ipRGCs are not evenly distributed across the human retina, as shown by Valiente-Soriano (from Valiente-Soriano, F. J., et al. 2014. "Distribution of Melanopsin Positive Neurons in Pigmented and Albino Mice: Evidence for Melanopsin Interneurons in the Mouse Retina," Frontiers in Neuroanatomy 8, Article 131) and Osterberg (from Osterberg, G. 1935. "Topography of the Layer of Rods and Cones in the Human Retina," Acta Opthalmologica (Suppl.) 6:1-103).
Valiente-Soriano illustrates the uneven spatial distribution of ipRGCs in pigmented mice retina. The four retinal quadrants are denoted by the letters S, N, I, T, and they are: supero-temporal (ST), supero-nasal (SN), infero-temporal (IT) and infero-nasal (IN). The number of ipRGCs represented is the number shown in the lower left of the illustration. The color scale goes from 0-3 (purple) to ≥28 (red) neighbors. The scale bar is 500 μm. Osterberg illustrates the angular distribution of the rods and cones within the human retina.
The cones responsible for color vision are mostly located within the center of the retina, with an angular extent in the field of view of approximately two degrees. Meanwhile, the rods, which are responsible for low light level vision, are almost entirely distributed in the retinal angular field of view regions not covered by the cones. In addition to these, there are at least five different types of ipRGCs (not all of which are involved in circadian rhythm entrainment), but their distribution is such that inferior retinal exposure (that is, light from above horizontal) is more effective in suppressing melatonin secretion in humans than superior retinal exposure (Glickman, G., et al. 2003. "Inferior Retinal Light Exposure is More Effective than Superior Retinal Exposure in Suppressing Melatonin in Humans," Journal of Biological Rhythms 18(1):71-79).
Similarly, temporal retinal exposure (that is, light from the left-hand side of the visual field for the right eye and vice versa for the left eye) is more effective than nasal retinal exposure (Rügger, M., et al. 2005. "Nasal versus Temporal Illumination of the Human Retina: Effects on Core Body Temperature, Melatonin, and Circadian Phase," Journal of Biological Rhythms 20(1):60-70). An example of this unequal spatial distribution of ipRGCs is presented by Valiente-Soriano.
Optical radiation incident upon the human retina is therefore sensed by rods, cones, ipRGCs, and possibly neuropsin as a means of acquiring information about the environment to aid in entraining the human biological clock to daily cycles of light and darkness. While the signals generated by the rod and ipRGC photoreceptors do not form perceived images, the uneven distribution of ipRGCs and cones results in the process being responsive to the average gaze direction of the observer and the spatial distribution of objects and their spectral radiance properties within the observer's field of view.
Research into the effects of optical radiation on the entrainment of circadian rhythms of the human body is ongoing.

Method and apparatus for imaging circadiometer


By analyzing a content of a first message, a confidentiality level of the first message is determined. An encryption rule for a first computational complexity level corresponding to the confidentiality level of the first message is selected. The first message is encoded according to the encryption rule. The encoded first message and the confidentiality level of the first message are caused to be sent to a recipient.

The present invention relates generally to a method, system, and computer program product for secure communication. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method, system, and computer program product for context based secure communication.
A messaging service transmits communications, or messages, from a sender to a receiver over a communications network. Thus, a message is a communication between a sender and a receiver over a messaging service. A message can be formatted as a Short Message Service (SMS) text message, a Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) message including text and another form of media, a text, audio, video, static image, or other medium. A message can be inputted and viewed using an application or website.
Some messaging services use the Internet as their communications network, while others use a telephone network to communicate between telephones, and others use a combination of different types of communications network. Some messaging services offer real-time communications, others offer non-real-time communications such as electronic mail and postings to discussion groups or forums, and some messaging services offer a combination of communication services.
An interaction includes a set of messages between a common set of parties. An interaction need not be limited to two parties.

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION


A system that detects signals and transmits data regarding certain detected signals for further analysis is disclosed. The detected signals may be analyzed to determine whether any of the detected signals correspond to a source. The system may transfer in near-real time data and information regarding the data to one or more client devices. Methods for detecting signals and transmitting data associated with the detected signals are also disclosed.

A variety of systems and methods are known by which information regarding the environment can be collected. Detectors, for example, can identify the presence of a human or an animal, the occurrence of an event, or the state of the environment. Humans, animals, or environmental phenomena can generate sound that can be detected. These sounds or audio signals typically have specific characteristics by which the source of the signal can be detected. For the purposes of this invention, "source" refers to any species of animal, object, act, or phenomena that may generate a signal in a detection area of a detection device. The source may be mobile—such as a human, animal, ship, or an environmental condition, such as a weather front or other condition, wave, or iceberg—and therefore have the ability to enter and leave a detection area of the detection device. The source may also be stationary and be present the entire time within the detection area at the time of detection. An example of a stationary source would be a portion of the earth within the detection area that experiences a seismic event—such as an earthquake—or an eruption—such as the appearance of a new volcano or activity from an existing volcano. Detection devices for capturing signals may be strategically placed in different locations in a geographical area to provide monitoring coverage for that area. For purposes of this invention, "signal" refers to any event, because of which data may be collected by a detection device.
Once the data is collected, it is often desirable to transmit that data or information regarding that data to one or more destinations. However, conventional systems for detecting and analyzing signals, and then transmitting data or information about such data to the one or more destinations are often problematic. For example, such conventional systems often do not have the necessary communication infrastructure to achieve a seamless transfer of data or information from the collection location to the one or more destinations. Also, conventional collection systems often cannot process the data according to specific parameters and provide that data or information to a user in a timely manner.
Other conventional systems rely on human interaction to transfer information between a collection location and one or more destinations. This type of processing of data can cause delays in the transfer of information to the one or more destinations, which may prevent users from being able to use the information or simply always provide largely outdated information to users.
Accordingly, there is a need for a system and methods by which the signals generated by a wide variety of sources may be detected, the data generated thereby be analyzed according to pre-set parameters or newly set parameters, and the data and the information regarding the data distributed to one or more recipients in a timely manner.

System and methods for remote monitoring


There is provided a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag. The RFID tag includes a base formed of an insulating material, a circuit chip adhered to one surface of the base and including a pad for an electrical connection, and an antenna formed by jetting a conductive material onto the one surface of the base and electrically connected to the pad.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a radio frequency identification tag and a method of manufacturing the same, and more particularly, to a radio frequency identification tag that is readable in a non-contact state, and a method of manufacturing the same.
2. Description of the Related Art
A radio frequency identification tag (hereinafter, 'RFID tag') is readable in a non-contact state, unlike a barcode or the like, which can be read only in a contact state.
According to the use of power sources, there are active RFID tags provided with power sources, and passive RFID tags having no power sources. Also, RFID tags are classified as either a low-frequency system or a high-frequency system, according to the utilized frequency band.
A passive RFID tag includes a dielectric member having a plate shape, an antenna disposed on the dielectric member, and an integrated circuit (IC) chip placed on the surface of the dielectric member.
The antenna of the passive RFID tag receives a radio signal of electromagnetic waves input from a reader, thereby creating induced current in an electric circuit. Due to this current, information stored in the IC chip is converted into electromagnetic waves, and is then transmitted to the reader through the antenna.
The reader reads the signal from the RFID tag to thereby identify the information stored in the RFID tag. Typically, such RFID tags are built in or attached to products related to stored information.
In producing the RFID tag, the process of electrically connecting the IC chip to the antenna on the dielectric member is performed separately.
However, in that case, the connected part between the antenna and the IC chip may be undesirably detached, impairing the reliability of contact. Therefore, techniques for solving such a limitation are required.

Radio frequency identification tag, and method of manufacturing the same


An assembly is provided for displaying an ornament to which movement is imparted by a tappet rod connected to the power output shaft of a windup music box mechanism through a transmission mechanism. An illuminated mirror is provided for reflecting the image of the moving ornament, with the illumination being energized by an electric power supply source that is activated by a switch which also activates the music box mechanism.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention generally involves the field of technology pertaining to ornamental display assemblies. More particularly, the invention relates to an improved ornamental assembly having an enhanced display structure and appearance.
2. Description of the Prior Art
It is known to provide an ornamental display assembly having various visual and sound effects. For example, a carousel provided with a plurality of ornamental figures may be caused to rotate about a common axis while also reciprocating vertically to the accompaniment of music. It is also known to provide a stationary base on which one or more ornaments are mounted and caused to move in different directions by an appropriate power drive source, such as a windup music box mechanism which also provides a desired musical accompaniment.


A ferromagnetic compound magnet in accordance with the present invention includes a ferromagnetic compound based on a binary alloy containing R—Fe system (R is a 4f transition element or Y) or a ternary allay containing R—Fe-T system (R is a 4f transition element or Y, and T is a 3d transition element except for Fe, or Mo, Nb or W), the ferromagnetic compound being characterized by: atomic percentage of the element R to the element Fe or to the elements Fe and T is 15% or lower; an element F is incorporated into an interstitial position in a crystal lattice of the alloy. The ferromagnetic compound is expressed in a chemical formula of: R2Fe17Fx; R2(Fe,T)17Fx; R3Fe29Fy; R3(Fe,T)29Fy; RFe12Fz; or R(Fe,T)12Fz (0<x≦3, 0<y≦4, 0<z≦1).

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to permanent magnets made of a 4f transition element-3d transition element alloy and, in particular, to a structure and a composition of a compound, which improves the magnetic properties of the permanent magnet.
2. Description of Related Art
An improvement in the performance of material for a permanent magnet can be indicated by three characteristics: Curie temperature, magnetization, and magnetic anisotropy. One known method for drastically improving these three characteristics is to insert a nonmagnetic atom to a parent-phase crystal of a magnetic compound. For example, as stated in JP-A 2008-78610, Sm2Fe17 (Sm: samarium, Fe: iron) is intruded by a non-magnetic element N (nitrogen) to improve the magnetic properties of the parent phase. In addition, as stated in academic paper 1 (Uebele et al.), when the non-magnetic element is F (fluorine), it is calculated that the most improvement in magnetic properties would be seen in R2Fe17 (R is a 4f transition element). Actually, as stated in academic paper 2 (Ardisson et al.), it has been known that the Curie temperature would be increased by the intrusion of the element F.
Academic paper 1: P. Uebele, K. Hummler, and M. Fahnle, "Full-potential linear-muffin-tin orbital calculations of the magnetic properties of rare-earth-transition-metal intermetallics. III. Gd2Fe17Z3 (Z═C, N, O, F)", Phys. Rev. B 53, 3296 (1996).
Academic paper 2: J. D. Ardisson, A. I. C. Persiano, L. O. Ladeira, and F. A. Batista, "Magnetic improvement of R2Fe17 compounds due to the addition of fluorine", J. Mat. Sci. Lett. 16 (1997) 1658.
Nd2Fe14B (Nd: neodymium, B: boron), which has the highest performance among existing permanent magnet materials, still requires a great amount of rare-earth element, which is a scarce resource (the atomic percentage of the element Nd to the element Fe is 14.3%). For this reason, it is important to use a composition having a smaller amount of rare-earth element than the above in improving magnetic properties. Sm2Fe17N3 described in JP-A 2008-78610 is improved in magnetic properties than its parent phase, but still has an insufficient magnetic moment and magnetic anisotropy. Gd2Fe17F3 reported by Uebele et al. is calculated to have an increased magnetic moment and an increased magnetic anisotropy; however, the stability of its crystal structure is not discussed so that whether it can stably exist as an actual system or not is unclear. The Curie temperature is not mentioned in Uebele et al. either. In the academic paper by Ardisson et al., no element analysis of F was performed with regard to R2Fe17Fx, thus, whether the effect is caused by the element F or not is unclear. In addition, it is challenged by the fact that the maximum increase in the Curie temperature is only about 40° C., which is still small.


This disclosure relates to a plasma processing system for VHF plasma processing using a transmission antenna designed to enable a resonant VHF standing wave inside a plasma process chamber used to manufacture semiconductor devices. The system includes a transmission element capable of being electromagnetically coupled to incoming power lines connected to a power source. The transmission element, power transmission lines, and power source form a resonant circuit capable of enabling a VHF standing wave on the transmission element. The transmission element is folded back on itself to reduce the footprint of the antenna, such that the transmission element(s) can be located inside the plasma process chamber. The transmission antenna has three portions, with the first being electromagnetically coupled to the power transmission line, the second being coupled to plasma, and the third being a folded portion that reduces the transmission element's footprint.

The geometries of microelectronic features continue to scale to smaller sizes and increase in complexity. Accordingly, the patterning techniques for manufacturing microelectronic devices will become more precise to create smaller features on semiconductor substrates. Precise patterning requires tighter control over processing parameters such as ion and radical fluxes at each point on the wafer in order that sufficient numbers of processed dies yield working chips for the process to be economically successful. One aspect of the patterning process includes etching features using plasma to selectively remove materials from the substrate. One approach to improving plasma etch techniques relates to controlling plasma in a predictable and uniform manner. For example, electromagnetic waves in the VHF frequency range (30 MHz to 300 MHz) are known to produce high density plasmas (termed herein "VHF plasmas"). Additionally, VHF plasmas form relatively thin, low energy sheaths between the plasma edge and the substrate which enables lower ion acceleration for ions used to kinetically remove or etch films on the substrate. The lower ion energy can improve selectivity and reduce damage to underlying films. However. VHF plasma processing has not been favored due to non-uniform spatial plasma profiles. This non-uniformity is due to the nature of the VHF electromagnetic waves whose wavelength is comparable to the process chamber dimensions and to non-linear interactions between the electromagnetic waves and the plasma. These qualities make it difficult to obtain uniform density profiles across a wafer and make it very difficult to try to tailor the density profile on scale lengths which are shorter than the size of the wafer; this is often desirable in order to compensate for non-uniformities coming from other sources such as gas distribution. Accordingly, VHF systems and methods that improve plasma uniformity (e.g., spatial profile) and enable control of the plasma density profile on length scales smaller than the wafer would be desirable.

System and methods for VHF plasma processing


The present invention relates to a process for coating reinforcing elements preferably in fiber form, wherein said material is treated, between two electrodes, by the field obtained by means of a direct electric current of voltage included between 50 and 150,000 V and/or by means of an alternating electric current of frequency between 50 and 1,000 Hz and of voltage included between 10,000 and 30,000 V, and said element is placed in contact with a powder of a conductive or semi-conductive material.

It is known to make composite materials constituted by a reinforcing element (for example fiber) and a matrix in which said reinforcing element is embedded. It is also known that the properties of the composite materials obtained depend a great deal not only on the nature and the properties of the materials which compose them but also on the possibilities of catching (interfacial properties) between the matrix and the reinforcing element. A certain amount of research has therefore been directed towards the modification of the superficial properties of the reinforcing element in order to render it compatible (or catching better) with the matrix.
Within the scope of such research, a process has already been described in which the reinforcing elements (fibers) were subjected, by passage between two electrodes, to electrostatic fields produced by the use of direct and/or alternating electric currents under high voltage It has been indicated that the electrostatic field produced from a direct current essentially caused a swelling of the reinforcing elements and that the electrostatic field produced from an alternating current caused an etching of the surface of the reinforcing elements and possibly a partial oxidation of said surface. It will be recalled that the electric currents used--the same as those employed in the present invention--have, for the direct currents, a voltage of 50,000 and 150,000 V and, for the alternating currents, a frequency of between 50 and 1,000 Hz (preferably between 200 and 500 Hz) and a voltage of between 10,000 and 30,000 V. These properties of the electrostatic fields bring about a modification of the catching between the reinforcing element and the matrix and consequently a modification (generally an improvement) of the properties of the composite material obtained.

Process for coating fibers and applications thereof to the production of composite materials