Apparatuses for marine propulsion systems having an internal combustion engine comprise an exhaust conduit conveying exhaust from the internal combustion engine; a cooling jacket on the exhaust conduit; and a cooling passage between the exhaust conduit and the cooling jacket. The cooling passage guides flow of cooling liquid from upstream to downstream towards a location where the cooling liquid is mixed with exhaust in the exhaust conduit. First and second baffles are axially spaced apart and extend transversely with respect to the cooling passage so as to disperse the flow of cooling liquid at the location where the cooling liquid is mixed with the exhaust, thereby reducing reversion of cooling liquid in the exhaust conduit. At least one catalyst and at least one oxygen sensor are disposed in the exhaust conduit. The oxygen sensor is adjacent to and oriented parallel to a downstream face of the catalyst so that exhaust flows perpendicularly across the sensor.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,573,318 discloses a marine propulsion system having an exhaust elbow having an intake exhaust passage extending upwardly from the engine and communicating through a bend with a discharge exhaust passage, and a water jacket having pockets around the exhaust passages for cooling the latter. A central channel extends longitudinally along the exterior of the exhaust passages to guide water there along to the end of the discharge exhaust passage to mix with exhaust thereat. The central channel has a pair of sidewalls extending longitudinally and laterally tapered away from each other at the outer end of the discharge exhaust passage to create an outward draw from the central channel to minimize break-up of longitudinally outward water flow and maintain the end tip of the discharge exhaust passage dry and prevent water ingestion and creeping back into the discharge exhaust passage due to pulsations of the engine. Dam and port structure is also provided enabling faster heating of the exhaust passage and in turn minimizing condensation within the elbow which may otherwise ingest back into the engine.

Exhaust apparatus for decreasing reversion of cooling liquid in a marine propulsion system


A cabinet runner side wall extension includes a wall with opposite sides, a flange extending from the wall, and a tab extending from the wall. The flange extends substantially normal from one side of the wall. The tab includes a first portion extending away from a second opposite side of the wall and a second portion spaced from and approximately parallel to the wall.

This invention generally relates to guides for slidable shelves in metal cabinets. Alternatively, the invention may also relate to guides for drawers in metal cabinets.
Metal cabinets are some of the most versatile pieces of furniture available. Metal cabinets can be hung in work areas such as metal or woodworking shops, garages, as well as many other places. Metal cabinets can also provide storage in vehicles such as trucks and vans. In addition to the versatility provided by metal cabinets regarding the location and placement of the cabinets, metal cabinets also provide versatility in what they store. Metal cabinets have been used to store threaded rod, wire, brake line, welding rods, as well as more common items such as tools and fasteners. Metal cabinets also include slidably mounted shelves and drawers.
As can be seen in FIG. 1, a prior art spacer A is welded to a side wall B of a cabinet. A runner C receives a drawer slide (not shown). Spacer A is positioned between the runner C and the side wall B so that a front wall of a drawer can fit flush against the side wall B of the cabinet when the drawer is in a closed position.
The spacer A is typically fastened to the side wall B using spot welds D. Runner C is also fastened to spacer A by spot welds D. It is desirable to eliminate the need for a spacer in the cabinet to reduce the number of pieces required and the manufacturing costs of the cabinet. It is also desirable to eliminate the spacer so that drawers or slidable shelves can be added to a cabinet which does not already having spacers welded to the sidewalls.


An apparatus for effecting recording and/or reproduction of information by scanning an optical recording medium with a condensed light beam includes a detecting device for detecting a focusing error signal of the light beam, a focusing servo device for correcting a focusing state of the light beam on the basis of the focusing error signal, and a device for detecting abnormality of the focusing servo.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to an optical information processing apparatus for effecting recording and/or reproduction of information by scanning an optical recording medium with a condensed light beam.
2. Related Background Art
Various forms, such as a disk-like form, a card-like form and a tape-like form are forms of media for recording information thereon by the use of light for and reading out the recorded information therefrom.
For example, in an optical disk, scanning is effected by a light beam modulated in accordance with information to be recorded and is reduced down into a minute spot, whereby information is recorded as optically detectable record pit rows (information tracks). In this case, to record information accurately without causing any difficulty such as intersection between the information tracks, it is necessary to control the applied position of the light spot in the surface of the optical disk in a direction perpendicular to the scanning direction (auto-tracking, hereinafter referred to as "AF"). Also, in order to apply the light spot as a minute spot of a stable size in spite of any bending or mechanical error of the optical disk, it is necessary to effect control in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the optical disk (auto focusing hereinafter referred to as "AF"). Also, during reproduction, the AT and the AF are necessary. There are various methods for such AT and AF techniques, but generally there is adopted a method whereby a differential between a plurality of light receiving surfaces of a photodetector for focusing and tracking which receive light reflected by or transmitted through a medium is taken to thereby obtain a focusing error signal and a tracking error signal, and an objective lens is driven by actuators for AT and AF.
FIG. 1 of the accompanying drawings shows the relation between a tracking error or a focusing error (the horizontal axis) and the reliability of the data of the then reproduced signal (the vertical axis). The time when the horizontal axis is 0 is the time when the light beam is on the target track or in the target focus state.
Now, during the recording and reproduction as described above, when there is a defect in the medium or when shock is applied from the outside, abnormality (i.e., the phenomenon that AT fails and the light beam does not correctly trace the information tracks) may arise in tracking servo. When such AT failure occurs, there has been the undesirable possibility that the objective lens moves randomly to thereby damage an optical head. Also, particularly when AT failure occurs during recording, there has been the problem that the light spot strays on the medium and superposed writing is effected on the recorded information with a result that the recorded information disappears.
Therefore, U.S. Pat. No. 4,669,072 proposes an optical information processing apparatus in which means for detecting the AT failure as described above is provided so that recording of information may De stopped when AT failure occurs. If such an apparatus is used, the problem attributable to the AT failure can be solved.
However, the trouble attributable to the abnormality of the servo has occurred not only in the aforedescribed AT, but also in AF. Particularly, if abnormality in focusing servo (i.e., the phenomenon that AF fails and the light beam becomes defocused on the medium) occurs during the recording of information, information which ought to be recorded is not actually recorded. If at this time, the information is not stored in a back-up memory or the like, this information will be lost permanently.

Optical information processing apparatus provided with means for detecting abnormality of focusing servo with a predetermined sensitivity


A quick release bow fishing device is provided. The device allows for a quick connect and disconnect of a fishing rod and reel from an archery bow. The device is comprised of a connecting shaft that attaches to the bow at the socket conventionally employed for a stabilizer attachment. The fishing rod is provided with a longitudinally bored channel within the handle to receive the shaft. The shaft is constructed so that trigger catch means engage the shaft to restrict relative motion of the shaft within the channel thus holding the bow and rod together. The trigger catch release is located on the handle for easy manipulation by the operator to effect a release of the shaft for a quick disconnect of the rod from the bow. Another embodiment of the device is provided with the shaft having radial arms to engage retaining slots in the rod handle.

The present invention relates to a device for attaching a fishing rod to an archery bow.
Bow fishing is a sport that combines the skills of archery and fishing. The necessary equipment, however, does not readily lend itself to simultaneous use. Both the bow and the rod and reel require full attention by the operator during their respective uses. One can not shoot his bow while grasping the rod, nor can one effectively reel in a fish while holding the bow.
Devices have been provided whereby a fishing rod can be attached to a bow so that the while the bow is being shot, the rod is within easy reach. In the event that a fish is to be reeled in, one may merely reach forward to grab the rod. The problem of handling the bow while reeling in the catch, however, still exists. The handle of the rod is attached to the bow making it quite cumbersome to manipulate the rod.
Accordingly, there is a distinct need for a device which will allow a fishing rod and reel to be connected to a bow as is used for bowfishing which provides for quick connect and disconnect of the rod from the bow so that unimpeded reeling in of the catch may proceed.


A publisher web page is rendered at a client device from a publisher and the client device issues a request for traffic statistics data related to traffic content in the web page. The client device receives the traffic statistics data and overlays the traffic statistics data on the web page, e.g., proximate to the related traffic content in the web page.

This disclosure relates to web site statistics.
A web publisher is an entity, such as person or an enterprise, that hosts web pages or web sites that can be accessed over a network, such as the Internet. The publisher can monitor analytical data related to user visits and links to the publisher web pages or web sites. Example analytical data includes data related to domains and/or web sites from which visitors arrived and to which the visitors departed; traffic patterns, e.g., navigation clicks of visitors within the publisher's web site; visitor actions, e.g., purchases, filling out of forms, etc. and other actions that a visitor may take in relation to the publisher's web site. The analysis of such analytical data can, for example, inform the publisher of how the visitors found the publisher's web site and how the visitors interacted with the publisher's web site. With this understanding, the publisher can implement changes to increase revenue generation and/or improve the visitor experience. For example, a publisher can focus marketing resources on advertising campaigns, and/or identify web site bottlenecks that impede the visitor experience, and/or identify other publishers as potential partners for cross-linking, etc.
Analytical tools that facilitate the collection and analysis of such analytical data are available to publishers. An example analytical suite is Google Analytics, and which is available from Google, Inc., in Mountain View, Calif. One example analytical analysis feature is a site overlay report. A site overlay report can be prepared by the analytical suite, for example, and generate a representation of the web page with a visual representation of traffic statistics data displayed proximate to traffic content, e.g., web links, on the web page. For example, web links defined by the hypertext markup language (HTML) instructions of the web page can be identified and the cumulative number of clicks for each web link can be displayed adjacent each link when the web page representation is rendered.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.


A brake control device is provided, which is capable of providing a precise diagnosis on a trouble on a hydraulic pressure valve etc., so as to provide an appropriate output hydraulic pressure corresponding to a stroke amount of a brake pedal. In this device, an electromagnetic valve is provided on a hydraulic pressure passage allowing an auxiliary hydraulic pressure chamber to communicate with an accumulator, and is controlled to open when such a trouble occurs that output hydraulic pressure from the hydraulic pressure valve becomes lower than a predetermined range; and an electromagnetic valve is also provided on a hydraulic pressure passage allowing the auxiliary hydraulic pressure chamber to communicate with a reservoir, and is controlled to open when such a trouble occurs that the output hydraulic pressure from the hydraulic pressure valve becomes insufficiently reduced.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a brake control device, particularly to a brake control device for controlling a hydraulic brake.
2. Description of the Related Art
A conventional hydraulic brake device, as disclosed in JP-A-2002-264795, includes a hydraulic pressure source for accumulating working fluid pressure, a pressure governing valve for regulating and outputting the hydraulic pressure supplied from the hydraulic pressure source corresponding to the push-force on a brake pedal, a master cylinder that is operated by the hydraulic pressure supplied from the pressure governing valve into an auxiliary hydraulic pressure chamber, thereby generating and outputting the hydraulic pressure according to the hydraulic pressure of the auxiliary hydraulic pressure chamber, and wheel cylinders that are operated by the hydraulic pressure output form the master cylinder, whereby applying brake force to wheels of a vehicle.
Accordingly, the hydraulic pressure regulated by the pressure governing valve can provide a large brake force with a small footing-force on a brake pedal. In the conventional hydraulic brake, regenerative cooperative control switching valves are used when performing regenerative cooperative control, and the wheel cylinders communicate with the pressure governing valve or with a reservoir so as to regulate the hydraulic pressure in the wheel cylinders at an appropriate pressure.
However, in the hydraulic brake device as disclosed in JP-A-2002-264795, the hydraulic pressure output from the pressure governing valve to the auxiliary hydraulic pressure chamber decreases below a predetermined range when performing a brake action, if such a trouble occurs that a foreign substance clogged in a hydraulic pressure path on the output side of the pressure governing valve. This hinders the hydraulic pressure from being outputted in an amount corresponding to the pedal stroke amount. Consequently, in the event of such trouble, a sufficient hydraulic pressure cannot be output from the pressure governing valve to the master cylinder side.
There may also occur another trouble that a valve spool pushed into the output hydraulic pressure chamber against force of springs, by actuating the brake pedal, does not return properly even after easing the pedal because the spring is caught on the circumferential surface of the output hydraulic pressure chamber. This prevents providing an output hydraulic pressure corresponding to the brake pedal stroke amount. Consequently, a properly reduced output hydraulic pressure to be output to the master cylinder side cannot be provided.
Therefore, in order to overcome the above mentioned disadvantages, when a trouble occurs at the pressure governing valve or the like, accurate detection of the trouble and diagnosis of its situations are required so as to provide a proper action against it.
Taking the above mentioned disadvantages into account, an object of the present invention is to provide a brake control device capable of performing an accurate diagnosis on situations of the trouble on a pressure governing valve or switching valves, so as to output an appropriate output hydraulic pressure corresponding to a brake pedal stroke amount even if a trouble occurs on the pressure governing valve or the switching valves.


The disclosed telecommunication overhead cable distribution system 10 includes a plurality of "T"-shaped distribution units 20 that are located at desired distribution locations. A plurality of cable support sections 22 extend, protect, and support the telecommunication cables between the distribution locations. Each section includes a plurality of identical support units 24 that are releasably interconnected to each other. Each unit is pivotable about a horizontal intra-unit axis "A" and about an inter-unit vertical axis "B". Each unit is comprised of a female member 26 and a male member 28 in which the male member is releasably interlocked with an adjacent female member. Such a system provides for a system having a minimum of components with a maximum of versatility. The ends of the section 22 fit into receptive cavities formed in the "T"-shaped distribution units 20.

Almost all present day overhead cable distributions systems must be customized to fit the required physical space and layout of the telecommunication termination panels and other telecommunication equipment in a centralized telecommunication location. Such customized overhead cable distribution systems normally use some form of rather rigid channel design utilizing a substantial number of different interconnecting components.
The time and financial resources required to select and arrange the components to meet the customized requirements are substantial. It is not unusual for the designers and installers to have to cut or modify many of the components so that the components will fit the layout and facilitate installation. Sometimes, it becomes a "nightmare" to select the right components and to make the proper interconnection of the components without having a large number of unused or damaged parts left over.
The problem is magnified as the number of telecommunication cables increases. Furthermore, the problem is made more difficult with the increase in directional changes of the orientations of the cables, either laterally and vertically between destinations. It is not unusual for a user or supplier to need special expertise in the layout and installation of telecommunication cable in an overhead system. Consequently the cost of the physical hardware itself is generally a small fraction of the total cost of installing an overhead telecommunication cable system. However, the design and configuration of the physical hardware and components play a significant role in the layout design and installation costs.
One of the objects of this invention is to dramatically reduce the number of different parts or components required to build a rather complex overhead telecommunication cable distribution system.
Another object of this invention is to significantly increase the ease of layout and decrease the cost of installation.
These and other objects and advantages of this invention will become apparent upon reading and reviewing the drawings and description of a preferred embodiment of this invention.

Telecommunication overhead cable distribution assembly


An apparatus for reducing power consumption in a digital broadcast receiver is provided. An AC-to-DC converter converts input AC power into DC power that can be used in the receiver. A power control switch selectively supplies the DC power from the converter to a tuner unit and a decoder according to a command of a controller. The tuner unit receives broadcast channel signals and demodulates the received broadcast channel signals according to the respective broadcast formats. The decoder receives the demodulated broadcast signals from the tuner unit and decodes analog/digital broadcast signals. A multimedia output port is connected between the decoder and the display unit to transfer the audio/video output signals from the decoder to the display unit. The controller detects the state of the display unit through the multimedia output port to control whether to supply the DC power through the power control switch.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for reducing power consumption in a digital broadcast receiver, and more particularly, to an apparatus and method for reducing the total power consumption in a broadcast receiver by interrupting power supply to unnecessarily-operated blocks of the broadcast receiver.
2. Description of the Prior Art
With the start of a test service for digital broadcasting, a demand for a digital broadcast receiver (e.g., a set top box) increases and thus supply of the digital broadcast receiver increases greatly.
To accord with this trend, attempts continue to be made to reduce power consumption in a digital broadcast receiver as well as in general household appliances, and a variety of standby power reduction methods are implemented using new technologies. For example, Korean Patent No. 0393574, Korean Patent No. 0386246, and Korean Patent Publication No. 2005-0000823 disclose a device (circuit) for reducing standby power of an electronic device. However, researches on a method for reducing the total power consumption in the digital broadcast receiver are insufficient.
In the digital broadcast receiver, a tuner and a decoder are the main components that generate a great amount of heat and consume much power. Moreover, the tuner and the decoder unnecessarily consume the power even in a standby state.

Apparatus and method for reducing power consumption in digital broadcast receiver

Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute


An image sensor is disclosed that prevents a photoelectrically-converted signal from being corrupted during a readout operation. The image sensor includes a line-selection line located on an upper side of a pixel relative to a top to bottom scan direction and disposed across the pixel in a direction substantially perpendicular to the top to bottom scanning direction. A signal reset line is located on a lower side of the pixel relative to a top to bottom scan direction and is disposed across the pixel in a direction substantially perpendicular to the top to bottom scanning direction. The line-selection line and the signal-reset line are disposed above and below a photoelectric conversion portion of the pixel.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to a MOS-type image sensor, and particularly to a MOS-type image sensor configured to reduce the influence of coupling noise between signal wires during operation. The present application is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 0387134/2000, which is incorporated herein by reference.
2. Description of the Related Art
A MOS-type image sensor may be manufactured using a standard MOS manufacturing process, which is different from a CCD image sensor, for example, which requires a special manufacturing process. MOS-type image sensors have recently received attention due to properties such as low power requirements as a result of low-voltage/single-power-source operation and ease of single chip fabrication for peripheral logic and macro circuits.
FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of a pixel portion for a MOS-type image sensor of the related art. The term pixel denotes a minimum unit and represent a point on a screen display, which is also called a picture element. In FIG. 1, the pixel portion includes a photodiode 31 that photoelectrically converts a received light input into an electric signal, a reset transistor 32 for initializing a potential at a cathode part of the photodiode 31, a transistor 33 for amplifying a signal photoelectrically converted by the photodiode 31, and a line selection transistor 34 for reading out the signal amplified by the transistor 33.
FIG. 2 illustrates a readout timing waveform chart for the MOS-type image sensor shown in FIG. 1. The signal-reset line 41 in FIG. 1 is activated to initialize the cathode part of the photodiode 31 and the pixel begins its exposure cycle. After a lapse of an arbitrary exposure time, the line-selection line 42 shown in FIG. 1 is activated and a signal that is photoelectrically converted in response to the amount of a light exposure is read out. While the time the line-selection line 42 is activated, the signal-reset line 41 is also temporarily activated. The line-selection line 42 remains activated during the activation of the signal-reset line 41. Hence, an initialized signal in the cathode part of the photodiode is successively readout. This operation is used for signal correction based on a reference signal inherent in each pixel.
The above-described operation is repeated for all pixels of a display in the order of the scanning direction, for example, from the top line to the lowest line, so that a picture signal for one frame is readout. In addition, upon reaching the lowest line, the scanning may again be successively repeated from the top line. Thus, it is possible to obtain a moving picture signal for a plurality of frames. In this case, for an arbitrary line, it is also possible to obtain an electronic shutter effect by activating only the signal-reset line 41 temporarily in an arbitrary time period from readout of a present frame to readout of the next frame. Thus, it is possible to obtain an electronic shutter effect that makes exposure time electronically variable.
FIG. 3 illustrates a related art example of the layout of a pixel portion in a MOS-type image sensor proposed by E. R. Fossum et al. (E. R. Fossum, SPIE, 1900, p 2-14, 1993). In this example, a signal-reset line R and a line-selection line S are disposed adjacent to each other at one end of a photoelectric conversion portion PG.
In the example shown in FIG. 3, the signal-reset line R and the line-selection line S are disposed adjacent to each other and both the signal-reset line R and the line-selection line S are made from the same wire material and are formed of wires with substantially the same width and thickness. As a result, as shown in FIG. 2, both the signal-reset line R and the line-selection line S are subjected to coupling noise 43 arising from capacitive effects between the wires during the rising and falling edges of each signal. For example, a problem arises if a signal photoelectrically converted in the photoelectric conversion portion PG becomes corrupted when the signal-reset line R malfunctions due to coupling noise 43 during activation of the line-selection line S.
The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems and is intended to provide a MOS-type image sensor configured to prevent a photoelectrically-converted signal from being corrupted during readout operation.

MOS-type image sensor configured to reduce coupling noise


An image forming apparatus includes a cartridge and a casing. The cartridge includes a photosensitive drum, a developing roller, a developing frame, and a drum frame. The developing frame is movable between a contact position and a separated position. A separating member provided on the drum frame acts on the developing frame, so that a reaction force is exerted in a reaction force direction. The casing includes a positioning member, an urging member, and a separation pressing member. The positioning member has a first surface and a second surface. The urging member is configured to urge an end portion of the photosensitive drum toward the positioning member in an urging direction. The first surface is configured to support the end portion at a position downstream of the urging direction. The second surface is configured to support the end portion at a portion downstream of the reaction force direction.

One electrophotographic image-forming apparatus known in the art is a printer provided with a main casing, and process cartridges that are detachably mounted in the main casing. Each process cartridge comprises a drum cartridge that retains a photosensitive drum, and a developer cartridge that retains a developing roller for supplying toner to the corresponding photosensitive drum. This type of printer has been provided with a structure for bringing the developing roller in each developing cartridge to a position adjacent to the photosensitive drum of the corresponding drum cartridge in order to supply toner to the photosensitive drum during image formation, and to separate the developing roller from the photosensitive drum out of the image formation so that toner cannot be supplied to the photosensitive drum.
One example of this type of printer that has been proposed provides the main casing with a main frame formed of sheet metal, left and right fixing members for fixing the photosensitive drums in position relative to the main frame, and separating members for placing the developing rollers in contact with the corresponding photosensitive drums and for separating the developing rollers from the corresponding photosensitive drums. Each drum cartridge is provided with a photosensitive drum having a drum shaft on its right end, and a protection part in which the left end of the photosensitive drum is inserted; and provides each developer cartridge with developing-roller bearing members in which both left and right ends of the developing roller are inserted.

Image forming apparatus for maintaining positions of photosensitive drums relative to casing


A duct arrangement 18 for a waterjet propulsor 10. The duct arrangement 18 comprises a main duct 30 having an inlet 20. The inlet 20 has an elongate main portion 32 extending along a principal axis 34, and at least one lateral portion 36 in fluid communication with the main portion 34. The at least one lateral portion 36 extends part way only along the length of the main portion 34.

Waterjets are known for providing marine surface vessel propulsion. Waterjets provide more efficient operation in comparison to propellers at relatively high speeds, such as between 50 and 100 kilometers per hour. Waterjets operate by drawing water through a duct from an opening located below the waterline of the vessel, and exhausting a high speed jet of water at the rear of the vessel above the waterline. The reactive force of the jet of water provides a propulsive force.
In prior arrangements, the duct includes an intake arrangement comprising an opening which is flush with the submerged surface of the hull. This opening is the termination of an inclined duct leading upwardly to a pump impeller, which raises the water pressure and speed for discharge through the exhaust above the vessel's water line.
At low vessel speeds, water enters the intake from upstream, downstream and sideways directions. Generally, the upstream direction corresponds to the direction of travel of the water vessel, and the downstream direction corresponds to the opposite direction. At higher speeds the water entry is predominantly from the upstream direction due to the momentum of the approaching water in the reference frame of the vessel.
In order to provide greatest efficiency, a relatively larger intake aperture area is optimal at lower speeds in comparison to the optimal intake aperture area at higher speeds. A relatively small intake aperture area which is optimal for relatively high speed may lead to excessive turning of water around the lip at the downstream edge of the opening at low speed, leading to cavitation on an inner surface of the lip, within the duct. On the other hand, a relatively large intake aperture area which is optimal for relatively low speed may lead to excess water entering the duct at high speed, leading to cavitation on an outer surface of the lip, i.e. on the underneath of the hull. Such cavitation leads to reduced efficiency, and may in extreme cases lead to damage or reduced service life of the impellor, particularly where the cavitation occurs inside the duct.
Conventional intake designs therefore have an area which provides a compromise between low and high speed operation.
One solution to this problem is to provide a variable geometry intake. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,942,463 discloses a system comprising an intake duct having a flexible upper surface. The upper surface is actuated using bell cranks and pusher bars.
JP2000128080 discloses a system with movable sidewalls which can widen or narrow the aperture according to vessel speeds.
JP7101392 discloses a system with upper and lower parallel water jet ducts, with an obliquely frontward downward extendible and retractable moving scoop member to increase flow into the lower duct only at low vessel speeds.
However, each of these variable geometry systems adds further complexity and weight, and is vulnerable to foreign object damage, particularly at high speeds.
Relative positional terms such as "upstream", "downstream", "above" and "below" will be understood as referring to the in use orientation of the water vessel.
The present invention provides a duct arrangement for a waterjet that seeks to address some or all of the aforementioned problems.


In a preferred embodiment, a self-contained toilet ventilation system for retrofitting to an existing toilet installation, the toilet installation comprising a bowl, a water tank attached to the bowl, a tank interior air volume disposed within the tank, a bowl interior volume disposed within the bowl, and an overflow pipe connecting the tank interior air volume to the bowl interior volume, the system comprising an odor removing filter for reducing airborne odors, a motive fan for forcing air from the bowl interior air volume, through the overflow pipe, through the tank interior air volume, through the odor removing filter, and out of the system, and a mounting structure for housing the odor removing filter and the motive fan, the mounting structure being disposed on an upper edge of the water tank.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to sanitary toilets generally and, more particularly, but not by way of limitation, to a novel ventilation system for such toilets that may be easily retrofitted to existing toilet installations.
2. Description of the Related Art
U.S. Pat. No. 3,913,150, issued Oct. 21, 1975, to Poister et al., describes a toilet stool ventilating means which includes an adapter plate mounted under the water tank of a toilet and having therein an opening disposed underneath the toilet seat. A blower disposed underneath the adapter plate, or in the water tank, draws air into the opening, through a charcoal filter, and then discharges the air into the room or outside. It can be seen that the device described requires modification of an existing toilet installation.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,103,370, issued Aug. 1, 1978, to Arnold, describes an odorless water closet which comprises a relatively complicated, specially designed toilet having seals and air gathering means.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,864,664, issued Sep. 12, 1989, to Higgins, describes a vent system for a toilet which includes a blower mounted in the water tank of the toilet. The blower draws air through openings in the lower surface of a hollow toilet seat and discharges the air through a passage in the toilet to a soil pipe below the siphon chamber of the toilet. A self-filling water seal is provided within the water tank to prevent foul air from blowing back into the toilet. The system described requires the use of a specially constructed toilet.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,998,299, issued Mar. 12, 1991, to Menge, describes a toilet with apparatus for evacuating malodorous air from the bowl which includes a specially designed water tank having therein an air evacuation apparatus and a special water/air valving apparatus. During use of the toilet and before the flushing thereof, air is drawn from the toilet bowl through the flushing connection thereto and is discharged into the vent flue connected to the soft pipe. When it is desired to flush the toilet, the air system is valved off and water enters the toilet bowl in the normal manner through the flushing connection.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,125,119, issued Jun. 30, 1992, to Munoz, describes an odor reduction toilet apparatus which, in one embodiment, shows an exhaust fan mounted above the ceiling of the room in which the toilet is installed and connected to the overflow pipe in the water tank. The fan is connected to the overflow pipe by a tube which passes through a hole cut in the rear wall of the water tank. In another embodiment, a fan housing is suspended in the water tank by means of hooks engaging the upper edge of the rear wall of the water tank, and the fan housing is attached to the top of the overflow pipe by uncertain means. The fan blows air against a cache of deodorizer, capturing some of the deodorizer in the air, and the air then blows into the toilet bowl. The arrangement is intended to provide deodorized air within the toilet bowl, but the flow of air out of the toilet bowl around the seat thereof would appear to aggravate the odor problem for anyone using the toilet, as well as creating an unpleasant draft.
Everyone is familiar with the odors that can exist around toilet installations. Many of these odors emanate directly from the present use of the toilets, but other odors result from poorly cleaned toilets and any associated bacteria growing therein. There have been many attempts to solve the problem of such odors, the simplest being to hang a deodorizing device near the toilet or in the toilet bowl. Another type of solution is a room exhaust fan. A particular disadvantage of the latter is that a large flow of air is required, since a whole room must be ventilated. This can cause an unpleasant draft, objectionable noise, and increased heating costs during cold weather. An additional type of solution is to install an air gathering device around or under the toilet seat, or to replace the existing toilet seat with a special device, or otherwise provide a means to draw the air from the toilet bowl.
Some of the aforementioned systems require specially designed toilets, and none of the above systems can be retrofitted to an existing toilet without some modification of the toilet.


The invention comprises at least two independent intake ports 14a, 14b connected to a combustion chamber 15, two intake valves 12a, 12b, and two exhaust valves 13a, 13b. Upper and lower channels 22a, 22b which are defined by a partition wall, and an intake control valve 25 for opening and closing the lower side channel 22b are provided in the interior of the first intake port 14a. An intake control valve 26 for opening and closing the first intake port 14b is also provided. The invention further comprises a controller 50 for controlling the opening and closing of the intake control valves 25 and 26, and the degree of opening of these intake control valves 25 and 26 is controlled in accordance with the operating conditions.

This invention relates to a control apparatus for stabilizing combustion in an engine.
A device for controlling gas flow in a combustion chamber to improve the combustion characteristic of an engine by providing two independent intake ports in a cylinder, disposing a control valve upstream of each of these ports, the primary port and secondary port, and opening and closing these control valves in accordance with the engine operating conditions, is proposed in JP6-193456A, JP7-197831A, and JP6-213081A, which are Japanese Patent Publications.
In the invention in the first publication, during a partial load operating period or the like, the gas flow in a cylinder is raised by half-opening the primary port and closing the secondary port. However, the directivity of the intake air flow through the intake port is weak, and thus a strong gas flow cannot be obtained inside the combustion chamber.
In the invention in the second publication, fresh air is introduced from the primary port and recirculated exhaust gas is introduced into the closed secondary port, but here also, the directivity of the intake air flow through the intake port is weak and a strong gas flow cannot be generated.
In the invention in the third publication, on the other hand, the interior of the intake port is partitioned by a current plate such that fresh air is introduced from the upper level and recirculated exhaust gas is introduced from the lower level. However, since the primary and secondary intake ports are open at all times, interference with the gas flow in the combustion chamber is likely, and stratification of the recirculated exhaust gas is impossible, and as a result, raising the threshold of exhaust gas circulation proved difficult.
An object of this invention is to provide a combustion control apparatus for an engine which is designed to improve the combustion characteristic by generating a strong gas flow in a combustion chamber corresponding to the engine operating conditions.
In order to achieve above the object this invention provides a control apparatus for an internal combustion engine having an intake valve and an exhaust valve, comprising, at least two independent intake ports, a first and a second intake port, connected to an engine combustion chamber, upper and lower channels which are defined by a partition wall extending along the axial direction of the interior of the first intake port, a first intake control valve provided in the first intake port for opening and closing any one of the channels, a second intake control valve for opening and closing the second intake port on the upstream side of the intake valve, and a controller for controlling the first and second intake control valves in accordance with the operating conditions. The details as well as other features and advantages of the invention are set forth in the remainder of the specification and are shown in the accompanying drawings.


A fan case assembly includes a noise attenuation layer that is covered by a face sheet. The face sheet includes a first plurality of openings. The noise attenuation layer includes a plurality of individual cells that are in communication with at least one of the first plurality of openings. Noise energy is communicated through the first plurality of openings into the individual cells and dissipated to reduce noise emissions. A seam in the face sheet is covered to protect the underlying noise attenuation layer from damage by a retainer. The retainer is bonded to the face sheet over the seam and includes a second plurality of holes that communicates noise energy through the retainer to the noise attenuation layer. Communication of noise energy through the retainer provides an acoustically active seam that aids in the dissipation of noise energy and thereby reduces the level of sound emitted from the engine.

This invention generally relates to a liner assembly for a duct, and more particularly to a liner assembly including an acoustically active retainer.
Conventional turbine and turbofan engines for aircraft include a plurality of fan blades that rotate within a duct commonly known as a fan case. The fan case serves as a protective covering to protect the fan blades and the aircraft. Further the fan case channels airflow into the turbine engine. The inner surface of the fan case is constructed to withstand impacts from objects that may come into contact with the fan case and includes acoustical features to reduce noise emitted from the engine.
The acoustical features include a layer of noise attenuation structures covered by a protective face layer including a plurality of openings. The face layer is typically a thin sheet of metal or composite material mounted over the noise attenuation structure. Noise causing pressure disturbances emanate through the openings within the face layer into the noise attenuation structure where the pressure disturbances dissipate to reduce the total amount of noise.
The fan case liner includes seams between the several pieces of material used to form the protective face layer. These seams typically are required to accommodate assembly of the noise attenuation structure and face layer. The seam is covered with a mechanical retainer that is bonded to the face layer on either side of the seam. The mechanical retainer covers any underlying openings within the face layer creating an acoustically dead area relative to the rest of the liner assembly. The acoustically dead area reduces the effectiveness of the noise attenuation layer, increasing the total amount of emitted noise.
Accordingly, it is desirable to develop a mechanical joint for covering seams in a liner assembly that is acoustically active to improve noise attenuation properties.


A measuring system is disclosed. The measuring system includes a surface acoustic wave (SAW) device including a piezoelectric substrate and a first and second electrode disposed on a surface of the piezoelectric substrate, and a measuring device communicatively coupled to the first electrode via a first probe and the second electrode via a second probe and configured to apply an electrical signal to the first and second electrode to generate an incident bulk acoustic wave within the piezoelectric substrate, detect at least a first reflected bulk acoustic wave and a second reflected bulk acoustic wave at the first and second electrode, and calculate a thickness between a first interface corresponding to the first reflected bulk acoustic wave and a second interface corresponding to the second reflected bulk acoustic wave based on a time elapsed between detecting the first and second reflected bulk acoustic waves.

The field of the invention relates generally to measuring devices, and more particularly, to a system and method for measuring properties based on interactions of a bulk acoustic wave (BAW) within a surface acoustic wave (SAW) device.
SAW devices rely on surface acoustic waves on a piezoelectric substrate between interdigitated transducers to provide a number of different functions. For example, SAW devices may serve as filters, oscillators, or sensors that detect, for example, pressure, torque, or temperature. In operation, SAW devices are at times mounted upon another structure, for example to detect properties of the structure, such as strain or torque. Mounting of the SAW device may be done using a bond material such as an adhesive attachment film. Such bond materials may perform better when the bond material has a certain range of thickness. For example, a bond material that is too thin or too thick may be less durable and/or hinder the ability of the SAW device to detect properties of the structure on which it is mounted. Accordingly, the ability to accurately measure the thickness of the bond material prior to mounting the SAW device facilitates improving quality control of SAW devices. However, because, for example, the attachment layer is relatively thin and formed onto the SAW device, at least some known methods of measurement are relatively inaccurate in measuring the thickness of the bond material. An improved system for measuring the thickness of bond material is therefore desirable.

Systems and methods for measuring properties using bulk acoustic waves


Systems and methods for prioritizing print jobs of different families within a print job batch are provided. Such a system may include, for example, an input/output port and a processor. The input/output port may output a print job batch including at least one print job of a first family and at least one print job of a second family. The processor configured may determine the order of priority of the print job batch based at least in part on a first trend of expected differences in setup times between print machines when the first family is prioritized before the second family and a second trend when the second family is prioritized before the first family.

Despite the onset of the "electronic age," there is still significant demand for print products. Indeed, annual commercial print retail sales may total more than $700 billion. Print service providers (PSPs) fulfill the demand for print products by printing a vast array of print products, such as photographs and brochures, school course materials, periodicals and books, and advertisements and product packaging.
Commercial printing in a PSP is often characterized by high variety. That is, the flow of print jobs in the PSP may be jumbled, setups are common on the various print machines of the PSP, and the environment may have an atmosphere more reminiscent of project work than a systematic manufacturing process. Processing a print job generally involves four main stages of production: pre-press, press, post-press, and shipping. A PSP may determine a production workflow to complete these stages to process a print job to completion using various print machines and stations on its production floor. In some cases, several print jobs may be processed together in a batch. Batching print jobs together can, at times, result in more efficient print job processing than printing the batched jobs separately. At other times, however, batching the print jobs together may result in less efficient print job processing than printing each print job separately. It may be difficult for a PSP manager to discern when and how to batch print jobs to the greatest effect.

System and method for prioritizing print jobs in a batch

Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.


A service procedure to test the SCR device involves turning on an upstream and downstream SCR NOx sensor, turning off an NH3 injector, running the engine until enough upstream NOx mass has been generated by the engine to deplete any NH3 load remaining in the SCR device, determining the operational status of the NOx sensors as follows:                if 1−downstream NOx ppm/upstream NOx ppm=approx. 0;        then the downstream NOx sensor is reading the same as the upstream NOx sensor and the downstream NOx sensor is determined to be good and the SCR device may have to be replaced; and        if 1−downstream NOx ppm/upstream NOx ppm>approx. 0;        then the downstream NOx sensor is reading high and the downstream NOx sensor is determined to be bad and downstream NOx sensor may have to be replaced.

The exhaust gas emitted from an internal combustion engine, particularly a diesel engine, is a heterogeneous mixture that contains gaseous emissions such as, but not limited to, carbon monoxide ("CO"), unburned hydrocarbons ("HC") and oxides of nitrogen ("NOx") as well as condensed phase materials (liquids and solids) that constitute particulate matter ("PM"). Catalyst compositions, typically disposed on catalyst supports or substrates, are provided in an engine exhaust system to convert certain, or all of these exhaust constituents into non-regulated exhaust gas components.
A technology that has been developed to reduce the levels of NOx emissions in lean-burn engines (ex. diesel engines) that burn fuel in excess oxygen includes a Selective Catalytic Reduction ("SCR") device. The SCR catalyst composition applied to the SCR device may contain a zeolite and one or more base metal components such as iron ("Fe"), cobalt ("Co"), copper ("Cu") or vanadium ("V") which can operate efficiently to reduce NOx constituents in the exhaust gas in the presence of a reductant such as ammonia ('NH3"). When used in conjunction with a diesel engine the reductant is commonly referred to as a Diesel Emissions Fluid or ("DEF") and is injected at a location upstream of the SCR device during operation of the engine. For example, when the proper amount of NH3 is available in the SCR device under the proper conditions, the NH3 reacts with the NOx in the presence of the SCR catalyst to reduce the NOx emissions to, for example, nitrogen. Reductant storage systems are provided to supply any needed reductant to the SCR device.
NOx sensors are typically placed both upstream and downstream of the SCR device to determine the efficiency of NOx conversion by the SCR catalyst composition. It is important that the SCR device maintains a high level of NOx conversion in order to maintain compliance with emission regulations. As such, when various exhaust system controllers determine, through signal communication with the NOx sensors that the SCR conversion efficiency of the SCR device may not be converting NOx at a desired level of efficiency a code, or other type of warning, signals the operator that service may be necessary. Due to the high cost of replacement, it is important that appropriate diagnostic tests be performed before the SCR device is replaced.

Service test for exhaust gas treatment system


Provided is a broadband and large displacement angular vibrator, comprising an outer housing, a vibration table, a main spindle, a moving coil assembly, a magnetic circuit assembly, a holding brake assembly, a motor and closed loop control assembly thereof, an electric viscoelastic feedback control assembly, an air bearing, and an angular displacement sensor; the moving coil comprises a moving coil substrate and a coil; the moving coil substrate is fixed to the main spindle; the magnetic circuit assembly comprises a magnetic ring, a central magnetic pole, and magnets; the magnetic ring, central magnetic pole, magnets, and air gap form a closed magnetic circuit; the central magnetic pole is located inside the magnetic ring, the magnets are located between the magnetic ring and the central magnetic pole, and the magnets are attached to the central magnetic pole; the outer housing has the holding brake assembly; the holding brake assembly comprises a brake lining, an oil distribution sleeve, and an oil reservoir having a piston; the brake lining and the oil distribution sleeve enclose a hydraulic oil chamber; when the hydraulic oil is pressed into the hydraulic oil chamber from the oil reservoir, the magnetic circuit assembly brakes; when the hydraulic oil flows back to the oil reservoir, the magnetic circuit assembly rotates with the motor rotor. The present angular shaker has the advantage of being able to switch between intermediate-frequency and low-frequency, and has small output waveform distortion.

An angular vibrator is not only widely used for the calibration of dynamic characteristics of all kinds of angular vibration (angular displacement, angular velocity and angular acceleration) sensors, but also used for angular vibration environment test of various products.
At present, a large displacement angular vibrator, whose angular displacement is more than 180 degrees, usually adopts the structure that is based on a brushless motor. PENG Jun, HE Qun, XUE Jing-feng and SUN Hao published a paper with the title of Low Frequency Standard Angular Exciter in Metrology & Measurement Technology in 25(6) of 2005. A low frequency angular vibrator is mainly composed of a mechanical system, a control system, a measuring system and a signal processing system. The mechanical system is mainly composed of a main spindle, a table, an air bearing, a grating and a motor. The sensor to be calibrated is installed on the table, and the motor is used as a driving component for driving the rotation of the main spindle, and the air bearing takes advantage of homogenizing effect produced by gas film and attains the goal of improving the rotary precision and reducing the friction. The control system is mainly composed of a torque motor, a controller and an amplifying circuit. The controller is equipped with an electric current loop, a conversion loop, a speed loop and a position loop to improve the control performance. The computer is used to control the DAC to produce sinusoidal signals with different frequencies and amplitudes, which are sent to the control system, then the angular vibrator is driven to produce a sinusoidal angular motion with a certain frequency and amplitude. In the measuring system, the angle movement measured by a circular grating is used to be a feedback quantity for control, and a multi-channel data acquisition module is used for collecting electrical signal produced by grating and the sensor to be calibrated. Finally, the sensitivity and phase shift of the sensor to be calibrated are obtained in the signal processing system based on the calculation of the angle movement measured by the circular grating. The maximum output angular displacement (single peak value) of the system is more than 180 degrees.
The disadvantage of this low frequency angular vibrator lies in:
1. The low frequency angular vibration can only be produced in the angular vibrator, which is restricted by the response time of the motor.
2. The torque output from the angular vibrator will ripple because of the cogging effect in the motor itself, which will definitely effect on the output waveform of the vibrator although a brushless DC torque motor is used. If a brush DC torque motor is used, the output waveform from the angular vibrator will become worse because of the influence of the friction in the motor.

Wide-frequency-band large displacement angle shaker


A liquid crystal display includes a first substrate including a plurality of pixel areas, a second substrate facing the first substrate, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The first substrate includes a first base substrate, a first pixel electrode disposed on the first base substrate and corresponding to each pixel area, a shielding electrode spaced apart from and insulated from the first pixel electrode, a passivation layer disposed on the first pixel electrode and the shielding electrode, and a second pixel electrode disposed on the passivation layer and partially overlapped with the first pixel electrode.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a liquid crystal display. More particularly, the invention relates to a liquid crystal display having an improved aperture ratio.
2. Description of the Related Art
In general, a liquid crystal display includes two transparent substrates and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the two substrates. The liquid crystal display drives liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer to control a light transmittance in each pixel, thereby displaying desired images.
Among various operating modes for the liquid crystal display, a vertical alignment mode vertically aligns the liquid crystal molecules when an electric field is formed between the two substrates to allow light to transmit through the liquid crystal molecules, to thereby display the images. As one of the vertical alignment modes for the liquid crystal display, a patterned-vertical alignment ("PVA") mode has been widely used. According to the PVA mode, the liquid crystal molecules are aligned in different directions by patterned pixel electrodes so as to form liquid crystal domains, thereby improving a viewing angle of the liquid crystal layer. The pixel electrodes are patterned to include fine slits and a fringe electric field formed between the slits drives the liquid crystal molecules.


Many motorcycle seats do not have a backrest for the front rider (driver), nor is there provision for a backrest. A telescoping backrest, the mechanism of which is similar to that often used for automobile headrests, can provide the needed back support. It can be adjusted fore and aft, as well as up and down. It may be stowed out of the way by pushing it down to its lowest position.

Not applicable.
Not applicable.
Not applicable.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to a method and apparatus for enhancing a motorcycle seat. More particularly the present invention relates to an adjustable motorcycle seat backrest that telescopes up and down.
2. Background Art
A motorcycle seat, made for a driver and one rider, may not provide back support for either rider, but particularly the front rider or driver.
A motorcycle passenger seat (xe2x80x9crumblexe2x80x9d seat) is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,068,334. The passenger seat incorporates a backrest that, when not in use, folds down and appears integrated into the rear fender of the motorcycle. The backrest hinges toward the rear of the fender.
Clerkin, et al., in U.S. Pat. No. 6,007,150 disclose a motorcycle seat having a backrest, the angle of which can be adjusted by various means. The height of the backrest is also variable, the backrest cushion sliding up and down on an upright brace. Because the backrest does not fold out of the way when not in use, the brace is removable from the seat, permitting the removal of the entire backrest.
In both U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,608,957 and 5,544,937, Hanagan disclosed a seat with backrests. Rectangular mounting posts are attached to the backrests and these are installed into rectangular slots in the seat structure. They are rigidly affixed to the motorcycle with locking screws. They are only pivotally adjustable (at the top of the mounting posts), and cannot be folded out of the way. If not needed, they are removed from the motorcycle. Since there is very little space to store things on a motorcycle, these backrests are often stored where the motorcycle is garaged and therefore may not be with the motorcycle when the backrests are desired to be used, for example when the motorcycle being used at a place not near the garage where the brackets are stored.
In U.S. Pat. No. 4,953,911, a passenger seat with a backrest similar to that revealed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,068,334 is disclosed. The backrest is hinged at the bottom and provides a cover for the passenger seat when not in use.
In U.S. Pat. No. 4,462,634, Hanagan describes an adjustable motorcycle seat. The seat has a backrest that is integral with the seat. The backrest is not removable, nor adjustable.
A seat cover for a motorcycle passenger seat is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,679,647. In doing so, a backrest for the passenger seat that is hinged at the bottom is also disclosed.
In U.S. Pat. No. 4,570,998, a backrest for a motorcycle seat is revealed. The backrest pivots at the end of a pair of rods that are pivotally connected to a bracket just above or on the motorcycle""s fender. The back rest is for the front rider (or driver) of the motorcycle. The back rest can be folded back over the passenger seat when not in use, and in this position, becomes a higher seat for a passenger, lending to better visibility. It is not further adjustable.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,913,974 reveals a foldable backrest for a motorcycle seat. This back rest is for the front rider (or driver) of the motorcycle. The backrest, when not in use as a backrest, is a seat for a passenger. The passenger also has a backrest, but the passenger""s backrest is permanently affixed to the seat. The front backrest pivots at its front and is held in its upright position by a brace. The brace has a plurality of notches in which its lower end can be inserted, and so the angle of the backrest is adjustable.
A backrest that pivots at the level of the motorcycle""s rear fender is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,822,917. It also is made to slide along tracks on either side of the seat so it can be used for the front or rear passenger, and can further be adjusted for the comfort of either passenger. The backrest is angularly adjustable.
None of the above disclosed backrests telescope up and down. There is, therefore, a need for a motorcycle seat backrest that telescopes up and down as required by the rider, and is adjustable fore and aft.
A purpose of this invention is to provide a backrest for a motorcycle seat. Another purpose is to provide for a motorcycle seat backrest that telescopes up and down, to remain out of the way when not needed and to be adjustable as to height when needed.
A telescoping backrest for a motorcycle is provided in a fashion similar to many telescoping headrests in automobiles. The backrest is comprised of a padded portion and two telescoping support rods. The telescoping support rods are seated in appropriate sockets, and have provisions for being held at various levels with a latch, detents or other methods. Rods, used as the telescoping members, are curved, as are the sockets these rods are fitted into. Adjustments forward and backward are provided by plates fitted with slotted holes into which threaded fasteners are inserted. The threaded fasteners are loosened and their positions in the slotted holes varied for the comfort of the rider.
When in the xe2x80x9cdownxe2x80x9d position, the padded lower surface of the backrest is flush with the motorcycle seat, so it is not invisible. In this position, a depression or notch in the upper end of the telescopic support rods is engaged by a latch. To raise the backrest from its lowest position, the padded portion is pushed forward to release the notch from the latch, then the backrest may be pulled upward.
To return the telescopic motorcycle backrest to its lowest position from an upper position, the backrest""s padded portion is, again, pulled forward to unlatch it, then pushed down.
Sockets (preferably made of steel) are provided into which the telescoping support rods are inserted, and providing the latching mechanisms to hold the backrest in the positions desired. The sockets are anchored to the structure of the motorcycle seat.
The novel features which are believed to be characteristic of this invention, both as to its organization and method of operation together with further objectives and advantages thereto, will be better understood from the following description considered in connection with the accompanying drawings in which a presently preferred embodiment of the invention is illustrated by way of example. It is to be expressly understood however, that the drawings are for the purpose of illustration and description only and not intended as a definition of the limits of the invention.


Systems, apparatuses, and method for handling timeouts in a link state training sequence are described. All modules of a port undergoing link state training placed into an intermediate state prior to entry into the lowest power state.

Mobile devices face increasing bandwidth demands for each of its functions as well as an increase of the number of functions integrated into the system. This requires wide bandwidth, low-pin count (serial) and highly power-efficient (network) interfaces that provides sufficient flexibility to be attractive for multiple applications, but which can also be covered with one physical layer technology. The Mobile Industry Processor Interface Alliance (MIPI) defines several high-speed serial link standards.
MIPI's M-PHY (a physical layer technology that is developed for mobile platforms) offers two transmission modes: low speed and high speed, each supporting multiple speed gears, and will also support several power-save states: STALL for the high-speed mode, SLEEP for the low-speed mode, and HIBERN8. STALL and SLEEP are optimized for a quick wakeup in their respective transmission modes, whereas HIBERN8 is a very low-power mode, which has a longer wakeup time. M-PHY is also defined to support optical links.

Systems, apparatuses, and methods for handling timeouts


A system for providing granular functionality called web services to commercial customers includes a web server configured to accept service requests from software application clients, functional implementations of the services, and a means of accounting for usage. The service grid architecture makes practical a reliable commercial provider of web services in the face of unreliable sources of functional implementations. This is accomplished through the commoditization of multiple implementation sources per service, standard forms for each service to which a plurality of sources is adapted, and a rules based approach to source selection per service call.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention is directed to the commercialization of web services and in particular, to the commoditization of a web services portfolio by syndicating and normalizing multiple sources.
2. Background Information
A "web service" is a program or programs executing on one computer system whose functionality programs on other systems can invoke through some communications network, such as the Internet. Web services have become a popular means of integrating applications within an enterprise or between an enterprise and its business partners.
In addition, there are many examples of potential services that could be offered commercially by a third party. In such a case, an enterprise using commercial web services is a "subscriber" using the web services offered by a web service "provider".
Adoption of commercial web services has been slow, however. One reason for this is that functionally equivalent web services offered by multiple providers are almost never technically equivalent. Thus, changing providers almost certainly requires technical reimplementation even though the business function of the service may be exactly the same. A second reason for slow adoption is that client software using web services can only be as reliable as the web services themselves. The enterprise can mitigate the reliability risk by using multiple providers, but doing so means the difficultly maintaining an increased number of business relationships.
These issues introduce substantial risk and cost to an enterprise desiring to adopt commercial web services as part of their information-technology infrastructure.


A method is provided for cross-terminal cloud browsing on the Internet. The method includes a second terminal obtaining a 2D bar code generated by a first terminal corresponding to a web content currently being presented on a webpage on the first terminal. The 2D bar code includes at least presentation information of the web content. The method also includes the second terminal parsing the 2D bar code to obtain the presentation information of the web content contained in the 2D bar code. Further, the method includes the second terminal establishing a link using the presentation information of the web content to realize cross-terminal presentation of the web content on the second terminal.

With the development of computer application technologies, users can connect to the Internet to watch videos posted on video websites through mobile phones, laptops and tablets. In practical applications, a user may need a 'resume playback' function when he/she is watching a video. That is, the user can pause the playing video and resume playback in the future from the previously paused position. However, most of the current video websites remember histories of viewed videos on different terminals only when the user logins to his/her account and watches the videos in the user's account. The user needs to re-login to his/her account to continue watching the video that was previously paused using the 'resume playback' function of the video websites for performing a playback operation from the point where the user last stopped.
That is, with the current technologies, only users with login accounts can use the cross-terminal 'resume playback' function of the video websites; whereas users without login accounts cannot use the cross-terminal 'resume playback' function, greatly reducing the user experience.
The disclosed method and system are directed to solve one or more problems set forth above and other problems.

Method and system for cross-terminal cloud browsing

TENCENT TECHNOLOGY (SHENZHEN) COMPANY LIMITED


Method or system for reinforcement learning that simultaneously learns a DR distribution ϕ while optimizing an agent policy Π to maximize performance over the learned DR distribution; method or system for training a learning agent using data synthesized by a simulator based on both a performance of the learning agent and a range of parameters present in the synthesized data.

Machine learning, and deep reinforcement learning (Deep-RL) in particular, is a promising approach for learning controllers or action policies for complex systems where traditional analytic methods are elusive. In some recent reinforcement learning (RL) systems, neural networks based RL agents are trained to learn respective action policies that can be used to implement real-world controllers. For example, there is interest in using RL agents to synthesize locomotion controllers for robot systems. The data requirements for Deep-RL makes the direct application of RL agents to real robot systems costly, or even infeasible. The use of robot simulators can provide a solution to the data requirements of Deep-RL. However, with the exception of simple robot systems in controlled environments, the experiences faced by real robots operating in real world situations may not correspond to experiences that can be simulated, giving rise to an issue known as the reality gap.
In order to deal with the reality gap, an RL agent can be trained to apply policies that maximize performance over a diverse set of simulation models, where the parameters of each model are sampled randomly. This approach is known as domain randomization (DR). The goal of DR is to address the issue of model misspecification by providing diverse simulated experiences. DR has been demonstrated to effectively produce RL agents that can be trained in simulation with high chance of success on a real robot system after deployment and fine-tuning with real world data. The success of RL agents trained with domain randomization however, is highly dependent on the correct selection of the randomization distribution.
Improved DR selection methods and systems for simulation based training of RL agents are desirable.

Learning domain randomization distributions for transfer learning

THE ROYAL INSTITUTION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF LEARNING/MCGILL UNIVERSITY


An image forming device includes a main casing and a cartridge support member. The main casing provides a fulcrum part. The cartridge support member supports a plurality of cartridges and is movable among an internal position in which the cartridge support member is accommodated in the main casing, an external position in which the cartridge support member is pulled outside the main casing, and a cartridge mounting position. The cartridge support member is slidable in a pulled-out direction from the internal position to the external position, and is pivotable between the external position and the cartridge mounting position. The cartridge support member has an upstream portion and a downstream portion disposed downstream of the upstream portion in the pulled-out direction. The cartridge support member pivots about the fulcrum part positioned near the upstream portion when the cartridge support member moves from the external position to the cartridge mounting position.

One image-forming device well known in the art is a color laser printer having a plurality of cartridges arranged parallel to one another and juxtaposed in a prescribed direction, and a support member for supporting the plurality of cartridges. In this color laser printer, the support member can be pulled out of the printer body. Once the support member has been pulled out of the body, cartridges can be mounted in or removed from the support member.

Image forming device with cartridge support member supporting a plurality of cartridges


A speed controller maintains the engine throttle at a desired throttle position based upon an initial throttle position and a speed error signal. The initial throttle position is generated by multiplying vehicle speed by a constant and adding an offset value related to throttle position at idle and speed control slack. The initial throttle position is adaptively updated by subtracting the above product from actual throttle position during speed control operation to learn a new offset value.

The field of the invention relates to speed control systems for motor vehicles.
Conventional speed control systems maintain vehicle speed at a reference speed by feedback control of the engine throttle in response to an error signal. The reference speed is generated by storing the vehicle speed existing at the time of operator actuation of a set button or switch. Typically, the error signal is provided by subtracting vehicle speed from the reference speed, and the feedback control then drives the error signal to zero. After speed control is temporarily disabled in response to operator application of the brakes, the reference speed becomes the previous stored reference speed after the operator actuates a resume switch.
A problem with such prior approaches is that upon speed control initiation, or resumption, feedback control responsive to the error signal must first "wind in" speed cable slack and then turn the throttle to require the reference speed. Thus, vehicle speed may initially droop upon initiation or resumption of speed control operation.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,591,986 issued to Nakajima et al addresses the above problem of speed droop. Nakajima et al looks up a target throttle position, at the time of speed control actuation, in a memory or table of throttle position versus vehicle speed. The engine throttle is then turned to this target throttle position and feedback control thereafter commenced.
The inventors herein have recognized numerous disadvantages of the above approach. For example, the look-up table is generated for a particular vehicle operating on flat road conditions. On the other hand, the amount of speed control cable slack which must be wound to achieve a desired or initial throttle position will be a function of cable slack and linkage slack which will vary among vehicles. Further, the relationship between the throttle position and vehicle speed varies among vehicles, vehicle equipment, and load conditions.

Vehicle speed control system with adaptive learning


An electric actuator for inlet guide vanes of a gas turbine engine, the electric actuator including a fixed portion secured to a stationary portion of the engine and a movable portion that is mechanically connected to the inlet guide vanes, stationary electromagnets distributed at regular intervals around the periphery of the movable portion and fastened to the fixed portion, and movable electromagnets arranged between the stationary electromagnets, each movable electromagnet being secured on either side to first and second piezoelectric elements, the movable electromagnets and the first and second piezoelectric elements having a degree of freedom of movement relative to the movable portion and having inside faces forming a common line of contact that is tangential to the movable portion.

The present invention relates to the general field of compressors and turbines of aeroengines (in particular for airplanes or helicopters). More precisely the invention relates to controlling inlet guide vanes (IGVs) of a gas turbine engine.
The actuators of the IGVs are used to control the position of the prerotation vanes situated upstream from the compressor stage(s) on helicopter turbine engines (see for example US 2014/0286745). The function of such an actuator consists in directing the flow of air entering the engine upstream from the compressor. Varying the angular position of the prerotation vanes makes it possible to optimize the overall performance of the engine (transients and specific consumption).
The function of controlling the inlet guide vanes is usually provided by a hydraulic actuator powered by the fuel circuit having its flow rate and pressures directly indexed to the speed of the gas generator. However, such an architecture presents numerous drawbacks.
Firstly, due to their reversibility, present-day hydraulic actuators do not have "position memory" or "fail freeze", i.e. in the event of a failure they do not maintain the last controlled position. Secondly, those actuators are dimensioned for a wide range of pressures and flow rates, which, due to interactions with the fuel circuit, causes real disruption to the fuel metering system each time fuel drives the actuator. The working pressure difference varies greatly depending on the engine operating point (low delta P when idling and high delta P at high speed). In addition, that overdimensioning has a non-negligible impact on the weight of the engine and causes unnecessary heating of the fuel and indirectly draws unwanted power from the accessory gearbox. Finally, those actuators are controllable only when the engine is in operation, which is particularly detrimental in the context of certain daily maintenance operations, such as engine endoscope inspections where the vanes need to be moved without starting the engine, since that requires the use of an external hydraulic unit.
U.S. Pat. No. 7,096,657 discloses a control system for controlling inlet guide vanes by means of a electric actuator that is provided redundantly, which can be either a brushless DC motor or an induction or variable reluctance AC motor. However, the use of a brushless motor requires control electronics that are particularly complex and restrictive from a point of view of electromagnetic compatibility, and the powers involved are not sufficient under all flight conditions. Similarly, in the event of a short circuit on the variable reluctance motor or its control electronics, the braking torque generated by the short circuit is very low or even zero, which necessarily requires the use of an external electric brake (energize-to-release type brakes) to freeze the last controlled position. This information is essential in order to switch safely to a degraded mode of controlling the motor. For both of these two types of motor, the same applies in the event of a loss of power.
There is therefore currently a need to control inlet guide vanes by means of a new actuator that does not have the above-mentioned drawbacks.

Device for controlling inlet guide vanes by means of a multilayer piezoelectric actuator


A cryogenic magnet control system has a number of magnet coils each formed by superconductive material wound on a former and a supply for energizing the magnet coils to generate an operational magnetic field of predetermined strength and homogeneity, wherein each former also supports control wineings of a non-superconductive material provided as over-bindings upon the magnet.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to control systems for superconducting magnets, and particularly though not exclusively to such systems for promoting the safe operation of magnets utilized for the examination of patients in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Superconducting magnet systems typically are formed by coils of superconductive material wound on suitable formers. Such systems are known to be vulnerable to so-called quenching, a sudden and irreversible collapse of the magnetic field arising from any event which can cause localized disturbance of the superconductive state, leading to the creation of electrical resistance at the site of the disturbance, and a rapid build-up of localized heating which exacerbates the resistance. It is well known that, in order to reduce the risk of localized, possibly permanent, damage to the magnet coils it is necessary, shortly after the commencement of a quenching event, to distribute the quench as widely as possible through the coils of the system. This is typically done by providing heaters, located adjacent the magnet coils, which are automatically energised in the event of a quench to raise the resistance of the coils generally.
Aside from the risk of irreversible damage to the coils during a quench, such events also give rise to safety concerns, including the need to rapidly vent boiled-off coolant vapor, and the need to contain powerful stray magnetic fields generated by the rapid collapse of the MRI scanning field generated by the quenching coils. The vapor control systems are well known, and are not addressed by this invention. As regards the containment of the powerful stray fields, this is typically implemented by means of strategically placed "quench bands", which are continuous bands of highly conductive material, placed to surround one or more of the magnet coils, typically on their outer surfaces. During a quench event, such quench bands support large eddy currents designed to cancel the field expansion caused by the eddy currents in the rest of the magnet.
It is to be noted that quench events are not always accidental. There are occasions when it is necessary to deliberately quench the magnetic field in order (for example) to remove the magnetic field rapidly to accommodate health and safety requirements, and references to quenches and quenching herein should accordingly be construed to encompass both deliberately and accidentally induced quench events.
A further difficulty associated with superconductive magnetic coil systems is that the superconducting wire and the material of the former typically have very different mechanical properties; notably in respect of their coefficients of thermal expansion. A typical superconducting wire has a coefficient of expansion dominated by the copper matrix of the wire, whereas the former material may typically be aluminium, steel or some form of composite material with a coefficient of thermal expansion different from that of copper. This mismatch of thermal expansion coefficients can cause the superconducting windings to become loose on the magnet former when the magnet is cooled down from its manufacturing temperature (typically 300K) to its operating temperature (typically 4K). A further change in the relative radial dimensions of the coils with respect to the former will happen due to the Lorentz force on the coils when the magnet is energized, which will typically cause positive (expansive) hoop stress in the magnet coils, again loosening the coils on the former.
It will be appreciated that looseness of fit between the coils and their formers can increase the vulnerability of the magnets to mechanical shock, which may promote quenching. It may also cause the homogeneity of the generated magnetic field to be compromised owing to the coils no longer retaining their design dimensions or position. Such problems are usually addressed by restraining the coils from significant motion relative to the former, either by the provision of coil clamps or by over-binding the coils with one or more layers of a typically non-superconducting wire, usually aluminium, which tends to tighten onto the former during cool down, due to its higher coefficient of thermal expansion compared to that of the superconducting wire. Such an over-binding can also compensate for expansion caused by hoop stress associated with the Lorentz forces in the magnet coils.
The above-recited three problems; namely the dissipation of quench events, the containment of stray fields on rapid collapse of the main field associated with the superconductive coils and the retention of fit of coils to formers are all typically addressed individually.


A ribbon supply apparatus including a support in which a ribbon supply spool and a take-up spool are rotatably mounted. The supply and take-up spools and the support are designed so that these spools can be mounted in the support in only one way, the correct way. The ribbon is supplied on a tubular core member which is mounted on a cylindrical member which is part of the supply spool. The ribbon supply spool has a large gear thereon which is used in a braking and feeding mechanism which is used to incrementally feed the ribbon to a print station associated with the apparatus. The ribbon take-up spool is identical to the ribbon supply spool, but the ribbon take-up spool is mounted in a reversed manner when compared to the ribbon supply spool. A driving gear, coupled to the large gear on the take-up spool is part of the braking and feeding mechanism which also includes a "dancer arm". The dancer arm controls a loop of ribbon which is fed to the print station. A metering roller is used in providing a predetermined amount of ribbon to the print station by enabling the take-up spool to pull ribbon from the loop of ribbon.

1. Field of Invention
This invention relates to a ribbon supply apparatus for feeding ribbon to a print station and is directed to features which enable the ribbon supply spool and ribbon take-up spool to be mounted in the apparatus in only one way, that is, the correct way.
2. Background Information
A first general problem with handling ink ribbons is that they are messy to handle when the ribbon is to be changed for a printer, for example. A second problem with handling ribbons relates to those which are mounted on cores. With these core mounted ribbons, it is difficult to determine which way the core should be mounted on an associated spindle in order to have the end of the ribbon feed, as intended, from the "front or back" of the roll, for example, to the associated print station. Making sure that the ribbon is aligned, axially, on the associated spindle is also a problem.


A refrigerator includes a mid-frame positioned on a front surface of the main body wall and a heater configured to heat the mid-frame and provided at the mid-frame. The mid-frame includes a front frame provided to cover at least a part of a front surface of the at least one inner box configured to form the main body wall, and an extension frame formed to extend rearward from the front frame and including an edge portion in which an end portion of the extension frame has a thickness greater than that of an adjacent extension frame.

1. Field
Embodiments of the disclosure relate to a refrigerator, and more particularly, to a refrigerator in which a heat transfer structure is improved.
2. Description of the Related Art
Generally, a refrigerator lowers a temperature therein for freezing food or storing food under refrigeration by discharging cooling air generated by a refrigeration cycle performed by a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, an evaporator, and the like.
Because it is vitally important for such a refrigerator to maintain the temperature in the refrigerator at a low temperature, gaskets are installed at inside edges of doors so as to prevent the cooling air discharged into the refrigerator from leaking to the outside of the refrigerator and to prevent external heat of the refrigerator from transferring into the refrigerator.
Because an inside of a storage compartment of the refrigerator is provided to maintain a low temperature lower than that of the outside of the refrigerator, a dew condensation phenomenon occurs around doors of the refrigerator at which the storage compartment meets the outside of the refrigerator.
Because of such a dew condensation phenomenon, unnecessary moisture is accumulated on a surface of the refrigerator, and thus an aesthetically and sanitarily bad effect occurs.


A wiring board includes a first insulating layer containing a thermosetting resin, a first wiring layer stacked on an upper surface of the first insulating layer, a second insulating layer stacked on the upper surface of the first insulating layer, a second wiring layer stacked on an upper surface of the second insulating layer, and a third insulating layer stacked on the upper surface of the second insulating layer. The second and third insulating layers contain a first photosensitive resin. An outer side surface of the second insulating layer is flush with an outer side surface of the first insulating layer. An outer side surface of the third insulating layer is located inside the outer side surface of the second insulating layer in a plan view. The upper surface of the second insulating layer connecting to the outer side surface thereof is exposed from the third insulating layer.

1. Field
The disclosure relates to a wiring board, a semiconductor device, and a method for manufacturing a wiring board.
2. Related Art
For example, JP H10-135157 A describes a build-up wiring board as a wiring board to be mounted with electronic components such as a semiconductor chip. In the build-up wiring board, plural wiring layers and plural insulating layers are stacked on both of upper and lower surfaces of a core substrate by a build-up method to arrange wiring patterns at higher density.

Wiring board, semiconductor device, and method for manufacturing wiring board