Vegetarian oral and enteral foods and processes for manufacturing the same from either fresh ingredients or powder ingredients are disclosed comprising: a high-protein vegetable group having a first predetermined percentage (%) weight; a carbohydrate group having a second predetermined percentage (%) weight; a fiber group having a fourth predetermined percentage (%) weight; purified water having a sixth predetermined percentage (%) weight, enzyme having a fourth percentage (%) weight; and a supplement of vitamins and minerals having a fifth percentage (%) weight, all undergon an enzymatic hydrolysis to achieve a calorie density of 1 kcal/ml; a viscosity less than 100 cP; a peptide less than 10 kDa; a plurality of amino acids and vitamins.

Enteral tube-feeding (ETF) of foods are designed to provide nutrition for seriously ill patients who cannot feed themselves. Such seriously ill patients include patients who are suffered from strokes, comatose, brain injury, etc. The benefits of ETF nutrition in critically ill patients are well known that include maintenance of caloric intake, health, the functional and structural integrity of the gut, decreased infectious complications, shorter hospital stays, and lower mortality. Often, tube feeding patients experienced more days with elevated gastric residual volume (GRV), constipation, vomiting, diarrhea, reflux, aspiration, abdominal distention, or cramping.
Because of the conditions of the patients, enteral tube-feeding (EFT) foods are made in form of liquid so that they can provide sufficient caloric intake in order to maintain the patient's health and resistance to illnesses. Even though worldwide medical food market has provided food formulas served these purposes, the majority of the food formulas is a composition based on well-known chemical elements such as glucose, maltodextrin, fructose, premade carbohydrate, nitrite casemate, or calcium casemate, amino acid, protein, and other milk products. These pre-processed food ingredients are expensive and lack of natural nutrients contained in foods. Moreover, a few pre-processed composite food formulas have high absorption pressure that can cause a prolonged bout of diarrhea and dehydration. In addition, the consumption of dairy foods or products rich in lactose found in milk can cause people with lactose intolerance severe indigestion and diarrhea.
Before the conventional commercial tube-feeding foods described above are available in the world market, families, loved ones, nurses, and nutrition department in hospitals often prepared different sorts of pureed soups for seriously ill patients. These pureed soups are still used in hospitals in many parts of the world. However, these pureed soups have no standards for patients with the same illness because they are prepared by different hospitals, different families with different formulas and cooking styles. Furthermore, these pureed soups are not subject to stringent quality controls. Therefore, they have different nutrition qualities and a short spoilage time. Commercial food processing machines, blenders, juicers, etc. can grind food ingredients into fine morsels. However, without being subject to a hydrolysis processing, these foods suffer from problems such as low homogenization and high viscosity. As a consequence, these foods cannot pass through the feeding tubes, which chokes and lowers the digestion capability of the patients. These problems are especially severe in patients who are seriously weak, having malfunctioning digestive system, and lacking of digestive enzymes.
In many developing countries like Vietnam, tube-feeding foods manufactured from natural ingredients that meet medical and nutritional standards have not been developed. There are a few companies that manufacture tube-feeding foods for patients. However, the proteins contained in these foods are made from vegetables mixed with assortments of imported materials. Therefore, they are expensive and do not have any nutrition standards for the same type of patients suffering from the same illness.
In addition, normal and healthy people may also be at risk for nutritional gaps. This is due to culture, habits, and ways of life. For example, in some countries, people consume mainly rice. In other cultures, people eat a lot of red meat in sausages, steaks, etc. Busy people have the habits of eating fast foods. Vitamin D can be hard to get in daily diet because it is only produced by the human body after exposure to the sun. Vitamin B6 is necessary for mental health. Roughly 1 to 10 Americans have low vitamin B6 levels. Many healthy women take oral contraceptives which lowers their B6 levels. As a consequence, women are twice as likely to be beficient in B6 as men, and are also twice as likely to be treated for mental depression. The reality is that nutrient deficiencies are far more prevalent than ever: suboptimal levels of key nutrients not only increase the risk for disease but also can negatively impact the mood, focus, and energy. Adopting a vegetarian diet can be the perfect way to stay healthy and happy.
Nowaday more and more people have adopted vegetarian diet because vegetarian diet is a complete diet, which is associated with high consumption of fiber, vitamins C and E, folic acid, magnesium, unsaturated fat, and numerous phytochemicals. And this is why vegetarians have lower cholesterol, lower blood pressure and reduced risk of heart diseases. Vegetarian food is also easy for the body to digest, takes lesser time to cook, is healthy. These are some benefits of a vegetarian diet: (a) increase life span, (b) lower cholesterol, (c) less risk of stroke and obesity, (d) reduce risk of diabetes, (e) have healthy skin, (f) reduce depression, (g) improve metabolism, (h) reduce the risk of cataract development, (i) economical, and (j) high fiber content. Thus, a vegetarian diet is is vital not just for the healthy living, the very sick people, and good for the environment.
Therefore what is needed is oral and/or tube-feeding medical foods and process of manufacturing the same that achieve food tolerance, meet nutritional requirements, inexpensive, and avoid serious side effects such as abdominal distention, gastroesophageal reflux, diarrhea, etc.
What is needed is a supplemental nutrition that can provide sufficient and complete nutrients in the daily diets for normal and healthy people so that they can avoid diseases and illnesses caused by the lack of important vitamins important to the human body.
Furthermore what is needed is a vegetarian oral/ethereal food composition that can provide complete and sufficient nutrition to both sick and healthy people.

Oral/enteral vegetarian food compositions and method of manufacturing the same

ORGALIFE NUTRITION SCIENCE COMPANY LIMITED


A method for purifying crude 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid includes a reduction step of reducing crude 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid containing 6-formyl-2-naphthoic acid with hydrogen and a cleaning step of cleaning the reduction product with alcohol. Preferably, in the reduction step, the crude 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid and the hydrogen is brought into contact with a hydrogenation catalyst in a liquid phase, and particularly in water. The method makes the purification process less complex and makes it possible to produce high-purity 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid without damaging equipment or increasing cost.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to methods for producing, from crude naphthalenedicarboxylic acid containing 6-formyl-2-naphthoic acid, high-purity 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid which is advantageously used as a material in engineering plastics, such as polyethylene naphthalate and polybutylene naphthalate. In particular, the present invention relates to a method for purifying crude 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid to obtain high-purity 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid. The method prevents corrosion of equipment and allows aftertreatment to be simple.
2. Description of the Related Art
Naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, and more particularly, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid (2,6-NDA) is used as an important material in engineering plastics such as polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) and polybutylene naphthalate (PBN).
As shown in the following formula, 2,6-NDA is produced by oxidizing 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene (2,6-DMN) in a gas phase or a liquid phase.
Formula
In a process using this oxidization reaction, however, the methyl group is not completely oxidized, and consequently 6-formyl-2-naphthoic acid (FNA) is produced as a by-product. When polyester, such as polyethylene naphthalate or polybutylene naphthalate, is produced from 2,6-NDA by polycondensation, FNA degrades the degree of polymerization and colors the polyester. Therefore, 2,6-NDA used for polyester must be of high purity, and specifically, it must not contain the impurity, that is, FNA.
Since 2,6-NDA and FNA have similar physical properties, such as boiling point and melting point, they cannot be separated by distillation or crystallization. Accordingly, various separation methods have been suggested. For example, low-purity 2,6-NDA produced by oxidization in a liquid phase is esterified with methanol (Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 50-95253), and is subsequently distilled (Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 50-29291) or recrystallized (Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 50-111056) to prepare dimethyl 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate, which is a methyl ester. Then, the methyl ester is purified. In another method, crude 2,6-NDA is dissolved in an alkaline aqueous solution and is then decolorized (Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication Nos. 52-20993 and 52-20994, Japanese Examined Patent Application Publication Nos. 49-133359, 50-105639, 62-212341, and 62-212342), oxidized (Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication Nos. 48-68554, 48-68555, and 62-250849), or hydrogenated (Japanese Examined Patent Application Publication No. 57-36901).
In one of the above-described purification methods in which the methyl ester is purified, the carboxylic acid must be esterified with methanol in advance. This makes the purification process complex, and consequently the manufacturing cost increases. Also, in the other methods in which an alkali or an acid is used, purification equipment is readily corroded and separation of the acid or neutralization is required after the purification. Accordingly, these methods make aftertreatment complex and are, therefore, not cost effective.
Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 9-151162 discloses that crude 2,6-NDA is reduced with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst and is subsequently washed with a lower aliphatic carboxylic acid. In this method, the impurity FNA is reduced to 2-naphthoic acid (2-NA) with hydrogen, and then the naphthoic acid and methylnaphthoic acid (MNA) produced due to incomplete reduction are dissolved in a lower aliphatic carboxylic acid and then removed.
Unfortunately, this method needs a large amount of acid in the cleaning process, consequently causing the acid to corrode the equipment.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for purifying crude 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid to produce high-purity 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid without damaging the equipment or increasing the cost, and making the purification process less complex.
The present invention is directed a method for purifying crude 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid including: a reduction step of reducing crude 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid containing 6-formyl-2-naphthoic acid with hydrogen to prepare a reduction product; and a cleaning step of cleaning the reduction product with alcohol.
Preferably, the reduction step includes a sub step of bringing the crude 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid and the hydrogen into contact with a hydrogenation catalyst in a liquid phase. Preferably, the liquid phase medium is water. The method may further include a dissolving step of dissolving the crude 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid and the hydrogen in the water. The dissolving step is performed before the reduction step. Preferably, the hydrogen concentration in the water is in the range of 10 to 100 ppm.
Preferably, the mass of the alcohol is in the range of 2 to 20 times the mass of the reduction product. Preferably, the alcohol is ethanol.

Method for purifying crude 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid


A device can receive, from a network node device, call trace event data relating to characteristics of a wireless communication session between the network node device and a user equipment. The device can sequence and combine the call trace event data for a period of the wireless communication session. The device can analyze the call trace event data to determine a category of network communication traffic transmitted via a communication channel between the network node device and the user equipment. In response to a determination that the network communication traffic comprises streaming video packets, the device can facilitate directing of network resources to be allocated to support the wireless communication session.

Radio technologies in cellular communications have grown rapidly and evolved since the launch of analog cellular systems in the 1980s, starting from the First Generation (1G) in the 1980s, Second Generation (2G) in the 1990s, Third Generation (3G) in the 2000s, and Fourth Generation (4G) in the 2010s (including Long Term Evolution (LTE) and variants of LTE). Fifth generation (5G) access networks, which can also be referred to as New Radio (NR) access networks, are currently being developed and expected to fulfill the demand for exponentially increasing data traffic, and to handle a very wide range of use cases and requirements, including services such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) services, massive machine type communications (mMTC), and ultra-reliable and low-latency communications (uRLLC).
Traffic has been growing steadily in wireless networks in the past years, and emerging applications such as video streaming keeps the momentum going. It is predicted that video will account for 70% of all mobile traffic within a few years. Video streaming traffic, in particular, is different from other types of traffic. The resources required to maintain an acceptable user experience for video streaming are different than that required for other types of traffic, such as voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), video downloading, messaging, gaming, and p2p, etc. A small quantity of video sessions (<10%) contribute 50% or more of the total traffic.
The above-described background relating to wireless networks is merely intended to provide a contextual overview of some current issues and is not intended to be exhaustive. Other contextual information may become further apparent upon review of the following detailed description.

Real-time user traffic classification in wireless networks


A wheel (1) includes three parts: an outer rim (2), an inner rim (3), and a disc (4) joined by coach screws or stud bolts (18) directly screwed into the thickness of a wall (10) of the inner rim (3). The outer rim (2) is made from stamped light alloy plate, while the other parts are obtained by casting or other process. A portion of the outer rim (2) is compressed between the disc (4) and a portion of the inner rim (3).

The present invention relates to a motor vehicle wheel in three parts joined by screws.
This type of wheel comprises three parts obtained separately: an inner rim, an outer rim, and a disc joined by welding or with screws.
Fastening with screws is preferable in case of maintenance on one of the rims, inner or outer, and to have greater manufacturing flexibility when defining groove width.
In other words, grooves of different widths can be produced more easily.
Generally, the disc is superposed on the outer rim for reasons of size, rigidity and aesthetics.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,466,670 discloses a motor vehicle wheel of the type described above. Screws with nuts are used for fastening the parts. The screws must be positioned in such a way as to be reachable from the inner and outer side of the wheel and therefore are located at a certain radial distance from the tyre insertion groove. The outer rim can present a xe2x80x9cCxe2x80x9d shaped protuberance towards the inner rim which is superposed thereon to favour the required seal for tubeless tyres. U.S. Pat. No. 5,435,629 describes a three piece light alloy wheel, of the xe2x80x9csandwichxe2x80x9d type. In this wheel, the disc is partially inserted between the two parts of the rim so that all parts must have accurate dimensional precision. The parts of the wheel, which are obtained by casting, are connected by screws with nuts and hence the screws are located at a certain radial distance from the tyre insertion groove.
The aim of the present invention is to provide an improved three piece motor vehicle wheel which is an ideal compromise between lightness, strength and manufacturing cost and which has good aesthetics.
A further aim of the present invention is to provide a three piece motor vehicle wheel of simple and economical construction.
In accordance with an aspect of the present invention, a three piece motor vehicle wheel is presented as specified in claim 1.
The dependent claims refer to preferred and advantageous embodiments of the invention.


A graphics processing system and method reduce and/or eliminate artifacts during animation by modifying skinning weights used for animating three-dimensionally imaged, compound objects having at least a first object and a second object. The graphics processing system and method identifies a first vertex of a first mesh of a first object and determines that it corresponds to a second vertex from a second mesh of a second object. The graphics processing system determines skinning weights of the second vertex and generates modified skinning weights. The graphics processing system can then animate the second object in some embodiments using the modified skinning weights.

Three-dimensional images may be rendered for various purposes, such as video games, online gaming, scientific purposes, object modeling, documentation, or the like. In some cases, these images may also be animated, such as in a video game, or to model the movement of objects for scientific purposes, etc. Weights may be associated with how portions of the object move when animated. Additionally, in some implementations, there may be a mechanism to add one or more object(s) on the surface of an object. Such agglomeration of objects in an image may result in artifacts when rendering the image and/or animating the image.

Skinning weights and underlying object suppression of three-dimensional images


A logic failure diagnosis system for performing logic failure diagnosis and methods for manufacturing and using same. The logic failure diagnosis system includes a signature register system and a space compaction system and, during testing, receives data values from a predetermined number of scan chains. During each scan cycle, the signature register system combines a set of data values with a set of recirculated data values to provide a set of data signature values. The signature register system recirculates the data signature values from the preceding scan cycle to provide the recirculated data values. The space compaction system compresses the data signature values to provide a compressed scan chain signature for the scan chains. The compressed scan chain signature can be compared with a set of expected values to determine whether the scan chains include any erroneous values and, if so, to identify a source of the erroneous values.

Compression of test pattern response data into signatures is a well-established technique that has been used for decades, especially for Logic Built-In Self Test (LBIST). More recently it has been used as part of a more general approach for test data compression to save data volume and test time. For example, Cadence Test products available from Cadence Design Systems, Inc., headquartered in San Jose, Calif., use on-product signature compression to reduce both test data volume and test time.
When Multiple Input Signature Registers (MISRs) are used to compress response , data, performing diagnostics using just the failing MISR signatures is impossible. To allow diagnostics to work, the traditional solution is to re-apply a failing test up to the point where the response data would be serially compressed into the MISR, but instead, switch scan configurations so that the internal response data can be fully scanned off chip into the tester for later diagnostic analysis. Although reasonable and used by Cadence for OPMISR, OPMISR+, and SmartBIST compression methods, this approach requires dumping all response bits for a failing test into tester buffers or storing the full set of expected values on the tester and then storing only the observed differences in the tester fail buffer memory. Either way requires the tester to have a large response data repository.
In view of the foregoing, a need exists for an improved system and method for performing logic test failure diagnosis that overcomes the aforementioned obstacles and deficiencies of currently-available hardware test and diagnostic systems.
It should be noted that the figures are not drawn to scale and that elements of similar structures or functions are generally represented by like reference numerals for illustrative purposes throughout the figures. It also should be noted that the figures are only intended to facilitate the description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention. The figures do not describe every aspect of the present invention and do not limit the scope of the invention.

System and method for performing logic failure diagnosis using multiple input signature register output streams


A method and apparatus for testing a number of display devices. Images displayed on the number of display devices are received by a computer system for a platform during a performance of a number of tests at a number of test locations for the platform. A portion of the images from the images are identified as a number of images of interest using a policy.

1. Field
The present disclosure relates generally to aircraft and, in particular, to display devices in aircraft. Still more particularly, the present disclosure relates to a method and apparatus for testing display devices in an aircraft.
2. Background
In aircraft, information used by pilots to operate the aircraft is received from flight instruments in the cockpit of the aircraft. These flight instruments provide information, such as, for example, height, speed, altitude, and/or other suitable information about the aircraft. These flight instruments are particularly useful when poor visibility is present.
Flight instruments may include, for example, an altimeter, an attitude indicator, an airspeed indicator, a magnetic compass, a heading indicator, a turn indicator, a vertical speed indicator, and/or other suitable types of indicators. Traditionally, these types of instruments are analog and physical instruments connected to the various sensors to provide the information to the pilot.
Increasingly, these flight instruments are represented using graphical user interfaces displayed on a display system in which the graphical user interfaces are generated by a computer system. The computer system generates video data to display the information to the operators of aircraft. These graphical user interfaces may simulate a representation of physical gauges.
For example, an airspeed indicator in the form of a circular instrument having a pointer that rotates about an axis to point to airspeed markings on the instrument may be represented in a graphical form. The same circular instrument may be displayed on a graphical user interface with a pointer that rotates to point to airspeed markings displayed on a graphical user interface to indicate the airspeed. In this manner, the graphical user interface provides familiar indications of airspeed to an operator of the aircraft. In other cases, this information may be represented in other ways, such as with a number displayed on the display device, a bar graph, and/or some other suitable type of graphical indicator.
These types of display systems provide flexibility in presenting information to an operator of an aircraft. For example, with these types of displays, different instruments may be displayed, depending on the phase of flight or based on selections by the operator. Also, the same display devices may be used in different types of aircraft with different user interfaces being generated for the specific type of aircraft on which the display devices are used. Additionally, the use of a computer system to process sensor information may provide a more accurate display of information to the operator.
With these types of display systems, however, situations may occur in which an operator of an aircraft may lose confidence in the accuracy of the information being displayed. For example, if a parameter being displayed becomes distorted temporarily, is missing intermittently, or if the display device blinks on and off, the operator may lose confidence in the accuracy of the information being displayed on the display system.
Therefore, it would be advantageous to have a method and apparatus that takes into account at least some of the issues discussed above, as well as possibly other issues.


A system for improved decryption performance includes a computer in electronic communication with an encrypted network. A controller performs a decryption operation on an encrypted packet received from the network, and the computer asserts an interrupt prior to the system completing transfer of the decrypted packet back to host memory to reduce the additional latency a packet suffers during Secondary Use. An additional interrupt may be asserted after the Secondary Use operation is complete, to ensure that the Secondary Use packet is processed. A method for improving decryption performance similarly includes asserting an interrupt prior to the complete transfer of a decrypted packet from a controller back to host memory during Secondary Use. The method may further include asserting an additional interrupt after the Secondary Use operation is complete, to ensure that the Secondary Use packet is processed.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to encrypted networks. More particularly, the present invention relates to a system and method for improving the performance of an encrypted network by asserting interrupts to reduce latency that packets suffer during Secondary Use.
2. Discussion of the Related Art
Internet Protocol Security ("IPSec") is employed to protect both the confidentiality and integrity of data that is transferred on a network. Because IPSec provides a way to encrypt and decrypt data below the transport layer (e.g., Transmission Control Protocol, "TCP" or User Datagram Protocol, "UDP"), the protection is transparent to applications that transfer data. Thus, no alterations are required at the application level in order to utilize IPSec. However, when implemented in software, the algorithms used for encryption, decryption, and authentication of the data for IPSec require execution of numerous CPU cycles. Because many CPU cycles must be delegated to such cryptography operations, there are correspondingly fewer CPU cycles available to applications and other parts of the protocol stack. This configuration adds latency to received data reaching the application, thereby decreasing the throughput of the system.
One current solution to this problem is to offload the cryptography operations to an external piece of hardware, such as a Network Interface Card ("NIC"). Generally, the most efficient way to offload such operations is to encrypt the data immediately before transmitting a packet, and to decrypt the data directly off the network before the packet is direct memory access ("DMA") transferred to host memory. This process of decrypting and authenticating ingress data before it is transferred to host memory is known as "Inline Receive."
An alternative to Inline Receive is the "Secondary Use" model. In this latter model, received packets are DMA transferred into host memory. The network driver then parses each packet to match it with its corresponding Security Association ("SA"), which is a data structure that contains all information necessary to encrypt, decrypt and/or authenticate a packet. Where a cryptography accelerator is included, the driver instructs the NIC to transfer the packet across the bus to the controller, perform the cryptography operation on the packet, and then transfer the packet back to host memory. The packet is thus transferred across the bus three times: (1) upon receipt from the network through the NIC across the bus and into host memory; (2) upon transfer from the host memory across the bus to the controller; and (3) upon transfer from the controller across the bus back to host memory.
An extra interrupt is often required to perform these transfers across the bus. However, such interrupts increase CPU utilization. Furthermore, the extra latency introduced can degrade throughput of protocols that are sensitive to the round trip time of packets, such as TCP.
From a performance perspective (both CPU utilization and throughput), Inline Receive is generally considered a better solution than Secondary Use. However, Inline Receive is more expensive to implement because the keys and matching information for cryptography operations must be stored on the network interface in an SA cache. Due to such limitations, the INTEL PRO/100 S Server Adapter, for example, supports only a limited number of connections that can use Inline Receive. Other connections use the Secondary Use model to offload secure traffic, though Secondary Use adds latency to packets at several steps. The primary source of the increased latency for Secondary Use is the delay related to the final interrupt of the Secondary Use operation.
Early ingress interrupts have been used on low speed buses where the transfer operation was expensive. The device typically transfers the header portion of the packet to host memory and then assert an interrupt. The header portion is used to determine if there was interest in transferring the rest of the packet to host memory. If not, the rest of the packet would be discarded. This scheme avoided burdening the bus with unnecessary data.
With the advent of busmasters in peripheral component interconnect ("PCI"), this use of early interrupts for any traffic has become scarce. In fact, to accommodate the high packet rates of high-speed networks such as Gigabit Ethernet, most input/output ("I/O") controller devices offer interrupt coalescing features that delay interrupt assertions to allow several interrupt events to be processed in one occurrence of the interrupt handler. When Secondary Use is utilized extensively, sending packets across the PCI bus three times reduces the bus bandwidth available. This utilization, in turn, reduces the packet rate that can be processed, further reducing or eliminating the utility of the interrupt coalescing algorithms.
Accordingly, there is a need for a system and method of improving the performance of an encrypted network by asserting interrupts to reduce latency that packets suffer during Secondary Use.

Internet protocol security decryption with secondary use speculative interrupts


A system for detecting and controlling misfire and/or AFR imbalance conditions in cylinders of an internal combustion engine having a plurality of cylinders is disclosed.

An internal combustion engines typically operates by introducing a mixture of air and fuel into a cylinder of an engine. A piston then compresses this mixture, and, depending on whether the engine is a compression ignition or spark ignition engine, the mixture combusts or is ignited in the cylinder.
A misfire condition occurs when one or more of the cylinders does not fire correctly, such as due to an interruption in the proper ratio of air to fuel, or air-fuel ratio (AFR), in the cylinder during combustion. Misfire may also occur due to improper ignition, fuel conditions, or mechanical issues with the engine. Maintaining a proper air-fuel ratio (AFR) is also desired for proper performance of certain components, such as catalysts.
Misfire and AFR imbalance issues may create power drop, reduced fuel efficiency, and higher emissions. For example, cylinder-to-cylinder AFR imbalance can deteriorate three-way catalyst operation of a spark ignition engine. Regulatory bodies are now requiring the detection of misfire and AFR imbalance conditions as part of on-board diagnostic requirements. Current techniques for misfire and AFR imbalance detection suffer from limitations dues to variable valve actuation, variation in combustion phasing, and cylinder deactivations. Therefore, further improvements in misfire diagnostics, AFR imbalance diagnostics, and/or controls of internal combustion engines in response to the same are needed.

Internal combustion engine misfire and air-fuel ratio imbalance detection and controls


The present invention relates to a laminate to be used in manufacturing of self-adhesive labels, and comprising a face material, a backing material of polyolefin including a release layer, and an adhesive layer, which have been used for attaching the face material and the backing material together in such a manner that the release layer of the backing material contacts with the adhesive layer. The face material is of polyolefin, and the adhesive layer comprises a solvent-free radiation curable hot melt adhesive. The present invention also relates to a self-adhesive label web comprising successive plastic labels, and a method for manufacturing a laminate to be used in manufacturing of self-adhesive labels.

There are certain advantages to use polyolefin backing materials, especially orientated polypropylene. The orientated polypropylene (OPP) as the backing material makes it possible to use high labeling speeds compared to paper materials because OPP has good tensile strength. The process is also more reliable compared to that with paper materials, which can easily break. In contrast to both paper and polyester, the backing material of orientated polypropylene is cheaper, and the backing films of OPP can be substantially thinner than that of polyester, which means more label material per volume.
The use of the OPP film as a backing web is known from WO 96/30886. In that publication, either OPP, paper, or polyester is used as the backing web of a peelable web. The backing web comprises a release layer. A hot melt adhesive is applied on one surface of the peelable web, and the webs are attached to each other. The peelable web may be a paper web.
In plastic containers, such as cans or bottles, are often used plastic labels provided with printed information. Such containers are used especially for packaging cosmetic products, which require pleasant appearance, and thus the label should preferably be except the printed area as invisible as possible compared to the surface to which it is attached. In practice, the aforesaid fact means that the label is of plastic material, and it is either transparent or possesses the same colour as the container. Polyolefin labels are especially suitable for this use because they are clear, and possible to process as thin films.
Publication WO 99/55517 discloses a clear or opaque label product, which comprises a polypropylene or polyethylene film as a top material, a release liner, and a pressure-sensitive adhesive between the top material and the release liner. The pressure-sensitive adhesive can be UV-curable. The release liner is of polyester, and the pressure-sensitive adhesive is applied on the release liner.
The problem of the prior label products is that there is no way to produce a laminate in which both the face material and the backing material are of polyolefin. Polyolefines do not resist temperature very well, and therefore adhesives, which have to be applied and/or cured with heat, must be applied on a surface other than the polyolefin surface. Especially thin backing materials of polyolefin, such as OPP, are very vulnerable to process conditions. Some adhesives are used with polyolefins but the use of water-based adhesives or solvent-based adhesives is not advantageous because due to restricted process temperature it takes a long time to dry the adhesive, and still problems with stretchy backing film occur, which causes problems in cutting and punching. Further, solvent-based adhesives are harmful, and need recovery and/or burning systems. Rubber-based hot melt adhesives are unsuitable for plastic laminates, and further, they are also unsuitable for use with transparent face materials because they do not resist UV light.

Laminate, a self-adhesive label web and a method for manufacturing


A semiconductor light-emitting element capable of increasing a strength of adhesion between an electrode and a protection film.

1. Field
The present invention relates to semiconductor light-emitting elements.
2. Description of the Related Art
The flip-chip mounting is a mounting method in which light is mainly extracted from a substrate side opposite to an electrode surface of a semiconductor light-emitting element. This mounting is also called face-down mounting. The structure of a semiconductor light-emitting element used in the face-down mounting includes both a p-pad electrode and an n-pad electrode on a surface opposite to an element substrate. The electrode surface is mounted on an external substrate. A metal bump is used for the face-down mounting, or an alloy is used as an adhesion layer. For example, JP2009-164423A discloses a semiconductor light-emitting element in which a bump is used to electrically connect the chip surface (electrode surface) and the external substrate. JP2009-164423A is described as follows: a transparent conductive film is stacked on a nitride semiconductor layer (p-type semiconductor layer); through holes are created in the transparent conductive film; a metal electrode layer at the outermost surface is extended in the through holes; this causes a contact member, which is part of the metal electrode layer, to directly contact the nitride semiconductor layer; and a strength of adhesion is thus increased.
The semiconductor light-emitting element disclosed in JP2009-164423A has a large distance (step) between the surface position of a p-pad electrode formed on the p-type semiconductor layer and the surface position of an n-pad electrode formed on an n-type semiconductor layer exposed by removing part of the p-type semiconductor layer. Thus, in order to bond the semiconductor light-emitting element to a sub-mount substrate and to make them level, it is necessary to adjust the height of an n-side bump and the height of a p-side bump.
Recently, various semiconductor light-emitting elements have been disclosed. They include, via an insulation film over a p-type semiconductor layer, an n-pad electrode electrically connected to an n-type semiconductor layer. They also include both a p-pad electrode and the n-pad electrode over the p-type semiconductor layer for their structural arrangement. The semiconductor light-emitting elements having such a structure can avoid the problem regarding a step between the p-pad electrode and the n-pad electrode, thereby improving characteristics of the face-down mounting. In addition, a contact region between the p- and n-pad electrodes and the mounting surface is made large. This also makes it possible to improve contact strength, precision, and heat dissipation characteristics.

Abstract: The semiconductor light-emitting element includes a semiconductor structure having an n-type semiconductor layer and a p-type semiconductor layer. A transparent conductive film is disposed on the p-type semiconductor layer. An insulation film is disposed on the transparent conductive film. A p-side electrode layer is disposed on the insulation film. A protection film is disposed over the insulation film, and the protection film covers part of the p-side electrode layer.


The present invention is suitable for an LED controlling field, and provides an LED controlling circuit with high power factor and an LED lighting device. In the present invention, by using an LED current controlling circuit with high power factor comprising a plurality of output current controlling modules, a resistor Re and a reference voltage generating module, the LED groups is driven accordingly in a piecewise manner to be on and a current flows through the LED groups according to the input voltage of the LED strip, without sampling the input voltage of the LED strip by a sampling circuit and without increasing the number of high cost component, which increase the utilization of the LED, the power factor of the whole LED controlling circuit and the efficiency of the system, thereby solving the problem of low power factor and low efficiency system existing in the prior art.

At present, as a new type of light source, the LED is widely used in various fields due to having the advantages of high brightness, low energy consumption and long life. As LED has a constant forward conduction voltage, only when a total forward conduction voltage of a LED strip is reached, the LED strip can light. To ensure that the LED strip can work steadily, a constant current control on the LED strip is needed, and the traditional linear constant current controlling method for the LED strip is achieved by connecting a linear constant current controlling circuit between the output terminal of the rectifier bridge and the input terminal of the LED strip (as shown in FIG. 1), or between the output terminal of the LED strip and the ground (as shown in FIG. 2). And in the case of using the mains power supply, when the linear constant current source is used to control the LED strip, only when the main input voltage rectified by the rectifier bridge voltage is greater than the conduction voltage of the LED strip, a current will flow through the LED strip; when the voltage rectified by the rectifier bridge voltage is less than the conduction voltage of the LED strip, no current will flow through the LED strip, which lowers the utilization and power factor of the LED.
In order to solve the problem existing in the traditional linear constant current controlling method for the LED strip, two solutions are provided in the prior art. The first method comprises connecting a high voltage electrolytic capacitor to the output terminal of the rectifier bridge, and filtering an input sine wave voltage into a DC voltage larger than the conduction voltage of the LED strip through the electrolytic capacitor, such that the LED in the LED strip can be continuously on and a current flows through the LED in the whole clock cycles. This can improve the utilization rate of the LED, but reduces the power factor and at the same time increase the cost of the system. In addition, due to the short service life of the electrolytic capacitor, the service life of the power supply is reduced. The second way comprises decreasing the amount of the LEDs in the LED strip to reduce the total forward conduction voltage of the LED strip, such that the time when the LED in the LED strip can be continuously on and current flows through the LED in each clock cycle increases. However, the solution decreases the utilization rate of the input voltage, and makes the driving circuit of LED strip suffer from a large voltage, increases the power consumption of the driving circuit, and reduces the efficiency of the system.
In conclusion, the existing technology has the problem of low power factor and low efficiency system.

SHENHEN SUNMOON MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD.


The present invention provides a chlorine dioxide manufacturing device that can accurately control the amount of chlorine dioxide produced. The present invention provides a chlorine dioxide gas manufacturing device comprising an electrolysis chamber, a liquid surface level measuring chamber, and a bubbling gas feeding device. The electrolysis chamber and the liquid surface level measuring chamber each comprises an electrolytic solution and a gas and the electrolysis chamber and the liquid surface level measuring chamber are joined to each other above each liquid surface via a gas piping and joined to each other below each liquid surface via an electrolytic solution piping so that the height of the electrolytic solutions contained in each chamber are substantially equal.

While chlorine dioxide gas is a gas that is safe to a living animal body at a low concentration (such as 0.1 ppm or less), it is known to have effects such as inactivation or deodorization against microorganisms such as bacteria, fungus, and virus even at such a low concentration.
A method for manufacturing chlorine dioxide by electrolyzing an electrolytic solution comprising a chlorite is known (Patent Literature 1). However, in the chlorine dioxide manufacturing method described in Patent Literature 1, there was a problem that since the pH of the electrolytic solution gradually increases when electrolysis is continuously performed, the electrolysis efficiency (production efficiency of chlorine dioxide) was reduced, and when an acid was added to reduce the pH, the storage stability of the electrolytic solution would be lost and the electrolytic solution will deteriorate over time. In order to solve this problem, a method for producing chlorine dioxide gas by performing electrolysis while maintaining the pH of the electrolytic solution during electrolysis at pH 4-8 has been proposed (Patent Literature 2).

Electrolytic chlorine dioxide gas manufacturing device


The childproof deadbolt includes a standard deadbolt with a thumb turn wherein a childproofing mechanism is integrated into the design of the thumb turn. The childproofing mechanism consists of at least one spring-loaded push button that when depressed engages an internal gear in rotational connection with the deadbolt. Absent depression of said push button the thumb turn is free to rotate independent of the internal gear and the deadbolt.

A. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to the field of deadbolts, more specifically, a childproof deadbolt that requires an amount of dexterity of the fingers to operate the deadbolt.
B. Discussion of the Prior Art
As a preliminary note, it should be stated that there is an ample amount of prior art that deals with deadbolts. As will be discussed immediately below, no prior art discloses a deadbolt having a thumb turn with push button childproofing means integrated therein.
The Lin Patent (U.S. Pat. No. 5,199,285) discloses a locking device for an auxiliary lock comprising of a safety button able to be pressed in and a rotating ring to be rotated to actuate the dead lock to be extended for locking the lock. However, the dead lock does not have a typical thumb turn that has push button childproofing means.
The Lai Patent (U.S. Pat. No. 5,901,590) discloses an interior door lock assembly with a safety device. Again, the door lock assembly does not have a thumb turn with a push button to operate the thumb lock as a childproofing means.
The Van Deudekom Patent (U.S. Pat. No. 3,747,377) discloses a push-button door locking assembly. However, the push-button door locking assembly does not resemble a thumb turn for a dead bolt, nor does it provide a childproofing measure.
The Flora Patent (U.S. Pat. No. 729,151) discloses a doorknob lock that has two buttons that must be pushed to turn the knob. However, the push buttons must be depressed in order for the handle to turn, as opposed to a thumb turn that can freely rotate independent of the deadbolt but also includes an internal gear that operates the deadbolt upon depressing the push buttons.
The Awalt, Jr. Patent (U.S. Pat. No. 5,154,455) discloses a deadbolt lock having a U-shaped squeeze operated sliding bolt. However, the sliding bolt does not resemble a deadbolt with a thumb turn having childproofing means therein.
The Ross Patent (U.S. Pat. No. 7,264,285) discloses a dead-bolt lock safety latch for preventing unauthorized unlocking of a dead-bolt lock with a key or lock picking tools. However, the safety latch does not prevent a child from operating a thumb turn of a deadbolt via childproofing means.
The Upchurch Patent (U.S. Pat. No. 5,000,498) discloses an interior deadbolt knob fastening apparatus. However, the deadbolt thumb turn fastening apparatus does not use spring-loaded pins that depress to operate a gear in direct rotational movement with the deadbolt, but rather restricts rotational movement of the thumb turn along the exterior of the thumb turn.
The Moser et al. Patent (U.S. Pat. No. 4,794,768) discloses a push button combination lock type gas cap and actuator employed therein. However, the push button combination lock does not operate a deadbolt or act as a childproofing measure against rotation of a thumb turn by a child.
While the above-described devices fulfill their respective and particular objects and requirements, they do not describe a deadbolt with a child proofing measure integrated into the design of the thumb turn. In this regard, the childproof deadbolt departs from the conventional concepts and designs of the prior art.


Systems, apparatus, and methods of static timing analysis for an integrated circuit design in the presence of noise are disclosed. The integrated circuit design may be partitioned into a plurality of circuit stages. A timing graph including timing arcs is constructed to represent the timing delays in circuit stages of the integrated circuit design. A model of each circuit stage may be formed including a model of a victim driver, an aggressor driver, a victim receiver, and a victim net and an aggressor net coupled together. For each timing arc in the timing graph, full timing delays may be computed for the timing arcs in each circuit stage.

Electronic computer aided design (ECAD) software tools for static timing analysis (STA) may be used to estimate timing delays in an electronic circuit, such as electronic circuits that are found in integrated circuits. However, process technology has improved so that smaller transistor channels of 65 nano-meters (nm) and 45 nm have become available. With smaller transistor channels, there is an increased need for more accurate timing analysis. Additionally with the smaller geometries there may be a number of unknown effects to electronic signal propagation that may be considered, which may not have been as severe with more relaxed process technology nodes.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Static timing analysis of integrated circuit designs with flexible noise and delay models of circuit stages


An electronic device is disclosed. In addition, various embodiments recognized through the specification are possible. The electronic device includes a communication module, a processor operatively connected with the communication module, and a memory operatively connected with the processor. The memory includes instructions, when executed by the processor, causing the processor to receive information associated with a SIM of another electronic device from the other electronic device via the communication module, receive a user input requesting a voice call for a first SIM of the other electronic device, and transmit a message requesting a voice call for a second SIM of the other electronic device to an IMS server via the communication module based on the information associated with the SIM.

To improve sound quality and efficiency of a voice call over a circuit switched (CS) network, a voice over internet protocol (VoIP) technology based on an internet protocol (IP) has been widely used. Unlike a CS mode, voices may be exchanged through data packets in the VoIP technology. The VoIP technology is applicable to various network platforms based on a packet data network. For example, for VoIP in long term evolution (LTE) wireless communication, voice over LTE (VoLTE) may be used.
An electronic device supporting a voice call function may include an identification module to provide a user with various services such as user authentication, billing, and a security function. The identification module may include, for example, a subscriber identification module (SIM). The electronic device may include a single SIM or may include a plurality of SIMs such as a dual SIM.

Device and method for supporting plurality of SIMs in wireless communication system


A linear turn down metering valve for gaseous fuels comprises a valve body having a frustoconical valve chamber receiving a rotatable valve plug and including an inlet on one side and an outlet at one end opposite a control shaft at the opposite end. The frustoconical valve plug is rotatable about a central axis aligned coaxially with an outlet end adjacent the chamber outlet. The valve plug includes an annular side wall defining a central bore and normally closes off the valve chamber inlet when the plug is in an "off" position. The valve plug is formed with a maximum flow, inlet port movable into alignment with the chamber inlet when the valve plug is initially rotated out of the off position to a maximum flow position. The plug includes a pair of generally transversely oriented divergent/convergent flow passages spaced from the valve plug inlet port providing decreasing flow area overlapping with the valve chamber inlet as the plug is rotated from the maximum flow position through a range of intermediate, angularly spaced flow control positions providing a linearly decreasing gas flow rates until reaching a minimum flow rate at the end of the range. The valve plug also includes a separate minimum flow passage system in communication with an adjustable flow control sleeve valve for providing an adjustable minimum flow of gaseous fuel when the plug is rotated to a minimum flow position beyond the intermediate linearly decreasing flow control range.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention is directed towards and new and improved, linear flow, turn down valve for metering gaseous fuels such as LP gases and natural gas. More particularly, the linear flow turn down valve is especially designed for use with gaseous fuel burners and provides for a maximum flow when the valve is initially turned on and thereafter a substantially linearly decreasing gas flow rate is provided as the valve control shaft is rotated toward a low or minimum flow value which is adjustable for particular applications. The linear flow turn down metering valve, in accordance with the present invention, is also especially adapted for use with both LP gases and natural gases and is designed to provide a substantially or approximately straight line or linear relationship between the gas flow rate and a rotative knob position to afford a user precise and repeatable control of the amount of heat generated at a gaseous fuel burner downstream of the valve.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Commercially viable existing gas valves used for gas ranges and the like generally provide an off/on function along with discrete low, medium and high flow settings. These types of valves generally do not provide for infinitely variable control of gas flow and also many of these valves do not have an adjustable low flow or minimum flow value suitable for simmering and other low heat value applications commonly utilized and needed.
U.S. Pat. No. 2,526,017 discloses a gas valve which when moved from a closed to an open position, opens rapidly and then closes slowly to regulate the flow of fuel. U.S. Pat. No. 2,626,160 discloses a gas valve having a mechanism whereby a selection for relatively large number of flame types of varying size and intensity can be made. U.S. Pat. No. 2,650,610 discloses a gas valve which may be turned from the off position directly to an on position and then turned gradually to decrease the flow through an infinite number of positions to a simmer position. U.S. Pat. No. 2,650,612 discloses a gas valve having a plug with a plurality or series of ports yet still provides infinitely variable flow control rates. U.S. Pat. No. 2,650,613 and 2,650,614 disclose graduated universal valves for gas appliances having a slitted sleeve and an interconnected sleeve, respectively.
U.S. Pat. No. 2,893,426 discloses a universal gas valve that has improved accuracy and adjustability and employs an arcuate radial slot in a conically-shaped valve plug for throttling gas from an input port to an axial outlet port. U.S. Pat. No. 3,001,547 discloses a universal gas valve of a similar type characterized by the metering effect of a tapered port which is opened or closed to the flow position by the longitudinal movement of a sleeve. U.S. Pat. No. 3,273,595 discloses a gas flow control valve providing an improved click-stop, indexed type multiple position burner control and U.S. Pat. No. 3,727,882 discloses a metering valve having a valve plug with an annular groove tapering from zero width to full width and in communication with a port and a rotatable valve seat member.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,779,643 and 4,862,917 disclose complex and relatively complicated fuel control devices having a rotatable valve plug and a nonrotatable apertured valve disk biased toward one another for throttling gas flow through the disk to a burner.
The Sourdillon Arindex Co., of B.P. No. 10, Veigne, France 37250 has manufactured a linear flow valve sold as Model No. 831 for use with natural manufacture and mixed gaseous fuels to provide a linear turn down valve characteristic.


A biodegradable, flexible covering for a breast implant is provided which comprises one or more biodegradable polymer layers dimensioned and shaped to cover at least a portion of the breast implant. The implant can be inserted into an opening of the covering immediately prior to surgery, but alternate configurations and times of insertion are contemplated as well as open or sheet type devices. The coverings can optionally contain one or more drugs for delivery at the surgical site, particularly for treating or preventing infection, pain, inflammation, capsular contracture, scarring or other complications associated with breast augmentation or breast reconstruction.

Localized complications are a common occurrence in breast augmentation and breast reconstruction surgery. Among the more serious of these surgical complications are infection, capsular contracture, hematoma and pain. Women who have undergone radiation therapy as part of their breast cancer treatment appear to sustain higher rates of post-surgical infection and capsular contracture.
Infection can occur anytime from several days to several years after implantation; however, it occurs more frequently in the immediate post-operative period. Acute infection is diagnosed when the patient exhibits pain, fever, and tenderness around the implant between several days and six weeks from the time of surgery. According to one report, the incidence of infection ranges from 1-24% (Nahabedian et al. (2003) Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 112:467-76) with Staphylococcus aureus, Propionii acne and Staphylococcus epidermis among the cultured bacteria from colonized implants (Pittet et al (2005) Lancet Infect. Dis. 5:94-106).
Another issue arising with the use of breast implants is the formation of excess scar tissue around an implant. Such tissue can harden and lead to tightening around or squeezing of the implant, a phenomenon known as capsular contracture. While scar tissue and capsule formation is a normal process, when capsular contracture occurs the breast can become misshapen, painful, hard and attain an unnatural appearance and feel. Additionally, capsular contracture appears to be more common following infection, hematoma and seroma. Textured implant surfaces and submuscular placement of the implant may decrease the rate of capsular contracture (FDA Breast Implant Consumer Handbook, 2004, p. 28).
Implant infection is most commonly attributed to contamination of the sterile field during surgery or to contamination arising from lymph node or mammary duct dissection during surgery. Bacteria can migrate deep within the breast tissue via the mammary ducts. Incision through the ducts during subglandular placement thus opens a temporary but direct external route for contamination of the implant after placement. Bacteria colonized from the mammary ducts and nipples is similar to exogenous flora found on the skin, namely coagulase negative Staphylococcus, P. acne, and Bacillus subtillus (Pittet, supra).
Subclinical infection is perceived to be the a contributor to capsular contracture. Subclinical infection is defined as bacterial colonization of a surface with or without biofilm formation. It does not produce the signs and symptoms traditionally associated with frank infection (such as pain, tenderness, fever, and pus) and manifests itself as a chronic inflammatory response. This inflammatory response can produce constant tissue remodeling that leads to fibrous tissue buildup and eventual implant distortion and capsule rigidity.
Most surgeons engage in prophylactic efforts to reduce the incidence of infection associated with breast implants. For example, in addition to meticulous attention to sterility, many surgeons irrigate the implant pocket with betadine, gentamycin, cefazolin, povidone-iodine or another antibiotic solution. Post-operative counseling measures include instructing the patient to neither touch the incision sites nor to immerse them in hot water for at least two weeks (or until healing is complete). Prophylactic oral antibiotics can also given to patients prior to surgery to prevent post-implant colonization. Additionally, implant placement below the muscle avoids (or at least minimizes) surgical contact with the mammary ducts.
Adams and colleagues devised a method for reducing capsular contracture caused by bacterial implant colonization. They optimized the antibacterial irrigation solution and employed sterile technique prior to and during surgery. Adams' "triple antibiotic solution" originally contained a mixture of bacitracin, gentamycin, and cefazolin and was shown to be active against bacteria most commonly known to colonize breast implants. Adams subsequently published results of a six-year clinical study showing that patients who received surgeries incorporating these techniques have a 1% capsular contracture rate as opposed to national rates, which approached 15-20% in that same time period (Adams et al. (2006) Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 117:30-36).
To increase the length of time during which an antibiotic or antimicrobial agent resides within the vicinity of the breast implant, Darouiche and colleagues soaked silicone breast implants with a combination of rifampin and minocycline and implanted them in a rabbit model. While the antibiotic-soaked implants prevented bacterial colonization relative to unsoaked control implants, the soaking process caused the antibiotics to leach into the silicone gel as evidenced by implant swelling. In another instance, surgeons injected povidone-iodine solution directly into the breast implant but this entails a risk because the silicone shell can weaken and leak. In fact, the FDA has stated that povidone-iodine is contraindicated for use with breast implants as a result of reported ruptures with its use.
Some of the efforts to reduce capsular contracture involve post-operative measures, including counseling the patient to massage the implant (after the initial healing period is complete) and taking vitamin E. Once capsular contracture has occurred, anecdotal evidence indicates that orally-administered leukotriene receptor antagonists can reduce the amount of capsular contracture (U.S. Pat. No. 6,951,869 to Schlesinger).
Texturing the outside silicone surface has been employed as a technique to prevent capsular contracture. The textured surface is believed to be more biocompatible and to promote tissue ingrowth. However, these implants have not significantly penetrated the market because, in use, the implants may become firmly placed under the skin, which often leads to a visible dimpling effect when the recipient moves. Textured implants also tend to have thicker shells than smooth implants and higher rupture rates.
Quaid describes a method in which a biocompatible, non-bioabsorbable uncured silicone elastomer is applied to the outer surface of a silicone implant to create an outer layer (U.S. Pat. No. 4,889,744). Solute particles, usually salt, are embedded in the tacky layer which is then partially cured, exposed to an appropriate solvent to remove the solute particles, and then fully cured. The plurality of voids remaining in the layer following removal of solute from the fully-cured, outer layer leaves an open celled structure. The resulting medical implant has both a textured outer surface and unitary construction. McGhan describes hybrid implants made with a biocompatible, bioabsorbable material adhered to the typically silicone shell of the implant (U.S. Pat. No. 6,913,626. In one embodiment, McGhan's implants have discrete bioabsorbable particles partially embedded in the outer shell.
Brauman describes breast implants with a layer laminated or bonded (e.g., glued) to the implant shell (U.S. Pat. No. 4,648,880 and RE35,391). The layer has a rough textured surface and is made from non-biodegradable material such as Dacron® (poly(ethylene glycol terephthalate)), Teflon® or silicone. Brauman's implants may optionally contain a barrier layer bonded between the shell and the outer layer. Such implants are susceptible to delaminating within the body.
The partial or total adhesion of the implant to the capsule due to such tissue ingrowth may be undesirable in the event it becomes necessary to remove or replace the implant. Further, partial or asymmetric adhesion between the capsule and the outer surface of the implant may give rise to undesirable cosmetic effects. Notwithstanding the foregoing disadvantages, textured implants having a biocompatible, non-bioabsorbable outer tissue-contacting surface are generally considered to reduce the incidence of capsular contracture in patients. Nevertheless, there remains a need for an implantable fluid-filled prosthesis that resists capsular contracture following implantation and that resists adherence of the implant to the capsule.
The biodegradable coverings of the present invention overcome these drawbacks while reducing or preventing capsular contracture as well as treating or preventing infection, pain, inflammation, scarring or other complications associated with breast augmentation or breast reconstruction.

Biodegradable, polymer coverings for breast implants


A system for providing an easily usable composite legality and component gamut display translates a video input signal into a plurality of component and composite format signals. A user selects from the plurality of component and composite format signals a pair of signals for input to the y-axis and x-axis of a rectangular plot. The resulting rectangular plot includes every pixel within a video frame of the video input signal and, together with prescribed limits, is displayed to provide a visual indication of composite legality and/or component gamut.

The present invention relates to the display of color characteristics of a television signal, and more particularly to a rectangular gamut display for determining composite legality or RGB (Red,Blue,Green) gamut violations.
Existing waveform displays plot a composite video baseband signal (NTSC, PAL, SECAM, etc.), video component signals (YUV, Y,Cr,Cb, RGB, Y,R-Y,B-Y, etc.) or a pseudo-composite signal created from the components on a y-axis against Time on an x-axis. Many users watch the waveform display for trace points that exceed their allowed y-axis values as a way of checking Composite legality or RGB gamut violations. The user is able to determine which component is in violation and at which location on the video picture, but doesn't receive information about hue, saturation or other parameters that may be useful for understanding and correcting the violations. U.S. Pat. No. 4,707,727 discloses an apparatus for providing an indication on a waveform or display monitor when a color represented by a Y, R-Y, B-Y television signal is validly reproducible on an RGB display device.
Existing gamut and legality displays, such as the Arrowhead legality display (U.S. Pat. No. 5,519,440), the Diamond gamut display (U.S. Pat. No. 5,309,087), the Spearhead gamut display (U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2004/0218044) and the polar gamut and legality display (U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2002/0063801), plot composite or component values against each other or against Hue in non-rectangular graphical displays in order to provide better information for understanding and correcting violations. While these graphical displays are quite elegant and do provide good information, their non-standard graph layouts are confusing to many users. The fact that there are many graph styles means that users must memorize which is useful for what ('Diamond is for Component; Arrowhead is for Composite"; etc.) and how each one must be interpreted.
What is desired is a standard graphical layout for a gamut display that is easier for a user to use.


The present disclosure relates to antibodies and immunoassay methods for use in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), liver cancer and related conditions.

The protein Prothrombin II, also known as Factor II, undergoes a post-synthetic modification in the presence of Vitamin K wherein ten glutamate (GLA) residues in the GLA-domain are carboxylated to g-carboxy glutamic acid. The carboxylation process is aberrant and incomplete in the diseased state and the process by which prothrombin is converted to PIVKA-II (Protein Induced by Vitamin K Absence). PIVKA-II is a large glycoprotein having a 72 KDa molecular mass and known to be elevated in the case of HCC patients (Liebman et al., The New England Journal of Medicine (1984), 310 (22), pages 1427-1431; Fujiyama et al., Hepatogastroenterology (1986), 33, pages 201-205; Marreo et al., Hepatology (2003), 37, pages 1114-1121). At present, available methods for detecting HCC or liver cancer by use of biomarkers are ineffective (Koteish et al., J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. (2002), 13, pages 185-190; Yuen et al., Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology (2005), 19, pages 91-99; see also Herai et al., Japanese Journal of Clinical Laboratory Automation (2007), 32(2), pages 205-210; Durazo et al., Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2008), 23, pages 1541-1548; Yamaguchi et al., Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. (2008), 46(3), pages 411-416). Further, only a few monoclonal antibodies are known which have the binding specificity required to be useful in immunoassays that effectively detect such conditions or to treat such conditions (Naraki et al., Biochemica et Biophysica Acta (2002) 1586, pages 287-298). Thus, a great need exists in oncology for the development of antibodies that can be used effectively for detecting HCC or liver cancer.

Antibodies relating to PIVKA-II and uses thereof


In a color image forming apparatus, a user need not exchange a sensor, paper is prevented from being wastefully consumed, and image quality and color reproducibility can be improved. The color image forming apparatus includes a detecting unit which detects the density or chromaticity of a test image formed on a recording medium, and a correction unit which corrects the density or chromaticity of the image by using the detection result obtained by the detection unit. The detection units are arranged in the first direction perpendicular to the convey direction of the recording medium.

Recently, electrophotographic or inkjet color image forming apparatuses represented by a color printer and color copying machine require higher quality of an output image.
However, the color of the image obtained by the color image forming apparatus varies when each part of the apparatus varies upon a change in environment or long-time use. Especially, in the electrophotographic color image forming apparatus, the color may vary upon even small environmental variations, thereby losing color balance. Hence, the electrophotographic color image forming apparatus has a means for stably reproducing the color and color tonality. For example, the color image forming apparatus comprises, for toner of each color, process conditions such as several exposure amounts and bias for development in accordance with different absolute humidities, and a tonality correction means such as a look-up table (LUT). The color image forming apparatus selects process conditions optimal for the environment and the optimal value of tonality correction on the basis of an absolute humidity measured by a temperature/humidity sensor. In order to obtain a constant color and color tonality even upon variations in each part of the apparatus, the following density control is performed (see Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-055703, and Japanese Patent No. 3430702). First, a toner patch for detecting density is formed on an intermediate transfer material, photosensitive drum, or the like with each of single-color toners. The density of the unfixed single-color toner patch is detected by an unfixed toner density detection sensor (to be referred to as a density sensor hereinafter). Then, feedback control of the tonality correction means such as the process conditions (e.g., the exposure amount and the bias for development) and the LUT is done on the basis of the detection result.
In density control using the above density sensor, a patch (test image) is formed on an intermediate transfer material, photosensitive drum, or the like, and the density is detected. A change in the color balance of an image subsequently transferred and fixed onto a transfer material is not controlled. The color balance also changes depending on the transfer efficiency of transferring a toner image onto a transfer material and the heating and press for fixing. Such change cannot be dealt with by the density control using the above density sensor.
Also, since only the single-color patch is formed in this density control, a change in the color balance of the image that is caused by mixing of the plurality of color toners is not controlled.
To solve this problem, the following color image forming apparatus has been proposed (for example, see Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-084532), which comprises a sensor (to be referred to as a color sensor hereinafter) for detecting the chromaticity and density of the patch on a transfer material such that the mixture rate of cyan (C), magenta (M), and yellow (Y) for forming an achromatic gray scale image of a process gray patch can be output by forming a gray patch of black (K) and the process gray patch of C, M, and Y on the transfer material, and comparing the gray patch of K with the process gray patch of C, M, and Y as a reference after fixing the toner.
In this color image forming apparatus, the detection result is fed back to, e.g., a color matching table for converting the exposure amount and process conditions of the image forming section and the RGB signal of the image processor into the color reproduction range of the color image forming apparatus, a color separation table for converting the RGB signal into a CMYK signal, and a calibration table for correcting characteristics of density to tonality. With this operation, the density or chromaticity control of the final output image on the transfer material can be performed. The output image formed by the color image forming apparatus can be detected by an external image reading apparatus or a colorimeter/densitometer to perform the same control. In addition to this, the advantage of this scheme is that the control can be completely performed in the image forming apparatus. For example, this color sensor includes three or more types of filters having different spectral transmittances of, e.g., red (R), green (G), and blue (B) on a light-receiving device by using three or more types of light sources having emission spectra of, e.g., red (R), green (G), and blue (B) as a light-emitting device, or using a light source for emitting white (W) light as the light-emitting device. In this arrangement, three or more types of outputs such as R, G, and B outputs can be obtained.
In the inkjet color image forming apparatus, the color balance also changes due to aging or the environmental difference of an ink discharge amount, or the individual difference of ink cartridges. The characteristics of density to tonality cannot be held constant. To solve this problem, in some cases, the image forming apparatus detects the density or chromaticity of the patch on the transfer material to perform the density or chromaticity control, by using an inkjet head in place of the color sensor.
However, since only one color sensor is mounted for each conventional electrophotographic color image forming apparatus, the patch must be formed at a detectable position limited depending on a sensor position such as the center of the transfer material in a direction (to be referred to as a scan direction (first direction) hereinafter) substantially perpendicular to (crossing) the moving (convey) direction of the transfer material.
Alternatively, in the electrophotographic color image forming apparatus, the density and chromaticity vary even with a patch having the same signal in the scan direction, thus posing a problem. This is caused by small variations in transfer characteristics of toner at the center and side of the transfer material, and small variations in fixing characteristics of a fixing unit which fixes the toner onto the transfer material by heating and pressing, at the center and side of the transfer material.
Therefore, the conventional color image forming apparatus including the color sensor can improve the color reproducibility, but cannot follow the density and chromaticity variations on the single transfer material.
Also, since the density and chromaticity can be detected only by using the patches formed at the determined position such as the center of the transfer material, the number of patches to be formed on the single transfer material is limited. Also, in order to form the patches for controlling the density or chromaticity, the color image forming apparatus must form patches on a plurality of transfer material in one control process, or reduce the number of patches to form a maximum number of patches on the single transfer material with lower precision.
In the inkjet color image forming apparatus which adopts a scheme for exchanging the inkjet head for the color sensor, since the color sensor moves in the scan direction as the inkjet head, the electrophotographic color image forming apparatus has no problem. However, a user must exchange the inkjet head for the color sensor, resulting in a cumbersome operation.
In addition to this, while the electrophotographic color image forming apparatus may include a movable color sensor as the inkjet color image forming apparatus, in this scheme, the transfer material must be stopped outside the fixing unit when moving the color sensor in the scan direction. In order to perform such processing, the color sensor must be separated from the fixing unit by at least the length of the longest transfer material. Hence, this scheme cannot cope with a color image forming apparatus in which the fixing unit is near the discharge section.

Image forming apparatus with reduced paper consumption


A pressure sensor of the present invention can perform pressure measurements under very severe mechanical and thermal conditions. It comprises a cell carrying a strain-measuring circuit. The cell is placed inside a body and is put into contact with the pressure to be measured. The cell has a hermetically sealed internal chamber inside which pressure is set to a predetermined reference value. The outside surface of the cell is subjected to the pressure to be measured. The cell is constituted by two half-shells joined together according to a join plane. The cell is preferably made of sapphire, with the crystal axis of the sapphire being perpendicular to the join plane so as to obtain isotropic stresses. A strain-gauge circuit is deposited on a plane surface of one of the half-shells, parallel to the join plane. The sensor is particularly suitable for testing oil deposits.

1. Technical Field
The present invention is directed to a sensor. More particularly, the present invention is directed to a pressure sensor for use in hydrocarbon wells.
2. Background Information
After a well is drilled and a reservoir is located, an evaluation of the reservoir is conducted in order to determine the conditions under which the reservoir may be exploited, if at all. This process is referred to as testing. The various measurements performed during testing include temperature and pressure measurements of the fluid in the well.
The sensors employed must be capable of withstanding severe conditions of use while remaining reliable throughout the duration of a measuring period, i.e. three to four weeks. In particular, the sensors should be capable of withstanding temperatures in the range of -50.degree. C. for storage purposes to more than 200.degree. C. for downhole operation. Additionally, the sensors should be capable of withstanding pressure to 1400 bars (14.times.10.sup.7 Pa.). Further, the sensors should be accurate and stable, both over time as well as over the temperature and pressure ranges.
The sensors presently available on the market do not satisfy these specifications in full. One type of sensor comprises a body with a measurement cell sealed, via welding, inside. The measurement cell is constituted by a single flat steel substrate having a first insulating layer deposited thereon, followed by a strain gauge, with a second insulating layer mounted thereon, leaving two metal connection tabs uncovered. The pressure to be measured is applied to the first face of said cell while the second face of the cell is at a reference pressure, e.g., atmospheric pressure. Serious drawbacks are inherent in this type of construction.
Firstly, the connection between the measuring element (or sensitive membrane) and the body of the sensor, often performed by welding, is a potential source of instability. The lack of mechanical isolation between the measurement element and the body of the sensor can give rise to differences between measurement observed before and after sensor assembly, and the clamping couple in particular can have an effect on the output level. Further, sensor drift is observed when the sensor is subjected to high pressure and temperature over a period of several weeks. This drift can be attributed, in part, to elasticity and creep.
In British patent No. 1,069,435 to Maclachlan, herein incorporated by reference, a pressure sensor is discussed wherein a deformable support carrying thin-film resistance elements are arranged in a bridge configuration. The support is made of a tube having either elliptical or oval cross-section, of such material as vitreous silica or sapphire. A pressure difference between the interior and the exterior the tube causes deformation thereof, resulting in differential straining of the resistance elements. This patent, however, gives no indication concerning the means of sealing the interior of the tube from the surrounhding fluid. Such information is crucial for a sensor intended for use in hydrocarbon wells where pressure of to 1,400 bars can be encountered.


A clamping system for use in a fluid coupling assembly may include redundant locking features for connecting adjacent ends of fluid conduits such as aircraft fuel lines. The exemplary clamping system may make use of two draw latch mechanisms that each separately apply a spring loaded clamping force to a flex band assembly through corresponding draw springs which oppose one another. Thus, either latch mechanism may provide a draw latch function by providing a clamping force to the flex band assembly, which in turn holds the end flanges of the fluid conduits together, thereby providing a sealing connection to facilitate the transfer of a fluid there between. Using two opposed draw latch mechanisms provides for redundant clamping forces such that the failure of one of the mechanisms does not result in an inadvertent disconnection of the fluid conduits one from the other.

Because of space confinements within certain operational environments such as an aircraft, coupling clamping assemblies for interconnecting tubular fluid conduits are often located at places that are difficult to reach, to see and to service. Thus, it is desirable to have coupling latch assemblies that include coupling latch mechanisms that can be easily manipulated with one hand to promote operational control. In addition, because of the potential operational environment where a coupling assembly may be used, it may be advantageous to have a redundancy feature to minimize inadvertent leakage of the conduit coupling joint should one coupling latch mechanism become damaged or fail to be properly latched in the installation process.
The use of a single latch draw spring is known. Moreover, clamping systems for fluid conduits are known that utilize a single latching device to pull the ends of a circular clamp together to hold the opposing ends of conduits to seal the two together. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,008,937 issued to E. Filippi on Feb. 22, 1977, discloses a split coupling assembly having a toggle clamp which latches and tensions a rod retainer to provide a clamping force. U.S. Pat. No. 4,924,913 issued to N. Pedersen on May 15, 1990, discloses a tube coupling system for joining metal tubes using a split coupler having a spring locking member. These latching devices have only one means of attaching and drawing together one end of the clamp to a second end of the clamping system thereby securing an end of a first conduit to a second conduit. Some even provide for increased security by providing an intermediate stop on the retainer latch mechanism to prevent the inadvertent or sudden complete release of the retaining band and the joined fluid conduits.
There are also examples of coupling clamping systems having redundant retention systems. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,620,210 issued to T. Eyster et al. on Apr. 15, 1997, discloses a coupling assembly having redundant locking features using a pivotal locking member and a pair of locking tines. U.S. Pat. No. 4,900,070 issued to R. Runkles et al. on Feb. 13, 1990, discloses a coupling assembly having redundant locking features using laterally spaced locking tines. U.S. Pat. No. 4,881,760 issued to Runkles et al. on Nov. 21, 1989, discloses a coupling assembly having redundant locking features using laterally spaced locking tines which includes indicia for visually confirming the latch is properly engaged.


The present invention concerns a forming process for hot forming of a steel sheet of a rotor blade to be produced of a wind power installation, including the steps heating the steel sheet in a furnace while the steel sheet is lying on a hearth bogie, displacing the heated steel sheet with the hearth bogie from the furnace into a pressing apparatus for the hot forming operation, transloading the heated steel sheet in the pressing apparatus from the hearth bogie on to a form bogie having a counterpart form, and pressing the steel sheet by at least one pressing punch which presses on the steel sheet in such a way that it is formed between the pressing punch and the counterpart form and in particular assumes the shape of the pressing punch and the counterpart form.

Technical Field
The invention concerns an apparatus and a process for welding steel sheets for producing a rotor blade of a wind power installation. The invention also concerns a process and an apparatus for the manufacture of a rotor blade of a wind power installation. In addition the invention concerns a wind power installation and a rotor blade of a wind power installation. Furthermore the invention concerns an apparatus and a process for the hot forming of a steel sheet of a rotor blade of a wind power installation. In addition the invention concerns an apparatus and a process for cutting steel sheets to size for a rotor blade of a wind power installation.
Description of the Related Art
Wind power installations are known nowadays in particular in the form of so-called horizontal-axis wind power installations. In that case an aerodynamic rotor having at least one and usually three rotor blades rotates about a substantially horizontal axis. In that case the rotor blades are of an aerodynamic configuration and are moved by the wind so that said rotary movement takes place, which can then be converted into electrical energy by an electric generator.
Modern wind power installations have rotor blades which are of increasingly greater size and in particular greater length. In the meantime rotor blades of lengths of about 60 m, of a depth of up to over 8 m and a thickness of up to over 3 m are already known. A connecting flange of such a rotor blade for fixing a rotor hub also nowadays is already of a diameter of over 3.5 m. For rotor blades of such orders of magnitude it may be appropriate for them also to be at least portion-wise made from steel.
Steel production is known from many other technological areas such as for example ship building, but transfer to the manufacture of a rotor blade of a wind power installation is basically not possible because of the very special demands of rotor blade manufacture. In this connection mention is to be made in particular but not definitively of the fact that, in rotor blade manufacture, the aim in spite of everything is to implement a lightweight structure, insofar as that is at all possible when using steel. In addition it is to be noted that a rotor blade of a wind power installation is exposed to permanently changing loads. In that respect there is a change not only in loading amplitude but also loading direction and in particular upon rotary movement of the rotor the force of gravity can involve an ongoing change between tensile and compression loadings. In that respect a rotor blade is a long hollow body which must withstand even a constant and constantly changing flexural loading. In addition to ensuring appropriate stability however the rotor blade must be of an aerodynamic shape and as far as possible is to appropriately retain that shape. All those demands are so special that they require specific consideration dedicated thereto. In particular it is possible to have recourse to previous experience in steel constructions only to a severely limited extent.
For wind power installations, the 'Smith-Putnam Wind Turbine' is known from the 1940s, which used a steel rotor blade. Information about that 'Smith-Putnam Wind Turbine' is to be found on the English Wikipedia page (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smith-Putnam_wind_turbine). A rotor blade used there can also be found from the Internet, namely the Internet page http://www.situstudio.com/blog/2010/09/01/smith-putnam/.
As can be seen from the foregoing Internet blog the rotor blade of the Smith-Putnam Wind Turbine has been constructed with a rotor blade profile that is constant over the entire axis thereof. That naturally leads to simplifications in terms of production engineering in comparison with today's modern rotor blades which are of an axially continuously varying profile. In that respect the profile changes in the axial direction in size and also in its nature. In addition a rotor blade of a modern wind power installation of today is also twisted in the axial direction to take account of the different afflux flow directions which occur, due to the rotation of the rotor, at different spacings from the rotor hub. Added to that is the fact that particularly large rotor blades and in particular rotor blades of very great depth in the region near the hub must be of a multi-part structure for transport purposes.
The complexity of a modern rotor blade is therefore not to be compared to the rotor blade known from the Smith-Putnam Wind Turbine. Manufacturing a modern rotor blade or a portion of a modern rotor blade from steel thus requires a large number of individual considerations, approaches and solutions.
As general state of the art attention is to be directed to the documents DE 1 433 768 A, DE 1 180 709 A, DD 159 055 A1, DE 24 02 190A and WO 2010/100066 A2.

Forming process for hot forming a steel sheet of a rotor blade to be produced for a wind energy plant


A system and method for dynamically linking or connecting annotations to embedded content, such as a 3D model, using graphical elements within a two-dimensional space is provided. Such connection is maintained as the annotation is rendered with the 3D model, thereby enabling the annotations to intelligently update themselves using 3D information from the embedded content. Further, the capability, as provided herein, to manipulate viewing positions and perspective effects of an embedded 3D model without disrupting the annotations in the two-dimensional page layout provides a greater degree of flexibility and forgiveness.

1. Field
Embodiments relate generally to the field of three-dimensional (3D) computer graphics, particularly to computer aided design tools.
2. Background
Computers have been used for computer aided design, drafting, and modeling since their inception. The early computer aided design (CAD) applications were used to simplify the creation of two-dimensional models of design objects. The creation of architectural drawings and electronic circuit layouts were just a few of these early applications.
The benefits realized by two-dimensional computer drafting applications are significantly multiplied when such an application adds the capability to model geometries in three dimensions. However, typical computer applications that provide three-dimensional (3D) modeling capabilities have been complex and required significant user training. Further, updating or changing the 3D models has been a time-consuming, manual task.

Maintaining connection to embedded content using graphical elements


The present disclosure provides a queuing recommendation method and device, a terminal and a computer readable storage medium, and belongs to the technical field of image processing. The method includes: acquiring image information of all queuing objects, acquiring position information of each queuing object according to the image information, determining all effective queues according to the position information of the queuing objects, and determining tail position information of queues where the effective queues are located, wherein each effective queue includes at least one effective queuing object, and the tail position information of the queue including the fewest effective queuing objects is used as a recommendation result. According to the queuing recommendation method provided by the present disclosure, the accuracy of the recommendation result is improved, and time is saved.

In supermarkets and other public environments, customers often need to queue up and wait when settling accounts, and since people are relatively concentrated, the queuing and waiting time of the customers may be prolonged when the number of the customers is large, so that the anxiety of the customers is caused. Meanwhile, when there are many queues, the customer often does not know how to find the queue with the fewest people and the position of the queue, so that shopping experience of the customer is greatly reduced. The problems also exist in public places such as hospitals and airports.

Queuing recommendation method and device, terminal and computer readable storage medium

Beijing BOE Technology Development Co., Ltd.


The present disclosure describes a method including accessing a cell operating in an unlicensed spectrum and configuring at least one physical shared channel in the cell; indicating, by DCI, the number of slots scheduled for a current physical shared channel if the number of aggregated slots for the at least one physical shared channel configured by RRC signaling is greater than 1; and indicating, by the DCI, at least one piece of time-domain resource allocation information. The time-domain resource allocation information includes: an offset value between a slot where the physical shared channel is located and a slot where a physical downlink control channel is transmitted; a starting symbol position of the physical shared channel; length information of symbols of the physical shared channel; and a mapping type of the physical shared channel.

The 3GPP standard organization is studying on the deployment of the New Radio (NR) system in an unlicensed spectrum, for the purpose of an efficient and fair usage of the unlicensed spectrum and an improved data transmitting rate of the NR system. There are three ways for the NR system to use the unlicensed spectrum. The first way is to use an NR cell operating in the unlicensed spectrum as a main cell; the second way is to have a User Equipment (UE) accessing an NR cell operating in the unlicensed spectrum via a Long Term Evaluation (LTE) cell; and the last way is to have a UE accessing an NR cell operating in the unlicensed spectrum via another NR cell. In the latter two ways the licensed spectrum and the unlicensed spectrum can be used in combination in a manner similar to carrier aggregation, that is, a terminal and an evolved node B (gNB) may work in both the licensed spectrum and the unlicensed spectrum.
However, when the cell operating in the unlicensed spectrum transmits Physical Uplink Shared Channels (PUSCHs) or Physical Downlink Shared Channels (PDSCHs) with a plurality of slots aggregated, not the whole slots are used for transmission; if the starting symbol position and length of symbols of the PUSCH/PDSCH are still used, this may not be suitable for a transmission by the cell operating in the unlicensed spectrum, because upon a successful access to the cell operating in the unlicensed spectrum, this transmitting slot should be occupied as much as possible, or else the remaining spectrum at the transmitting slot will be occupied by other devices. Therefore, there is a need for a new method for channel resource allocation for PUSCH/PDSCH transmissions over the cell operating in the unlicensed spectrum.

Channel resource allocation method and computer readable storage medium and terminal

Beijing Spreadtrum Hi-Tech Communications Tech.