A method for regulating the residual free chlorine in drinking water, characterized in that the regulation is carried out by introduction of a quantity of chlorine determined as a function of the chlorine demand at "the head" of the line, that is upstream of the water treatment or storage line, while obtaining in the distribution network, water having an acceptable residual free chlorine content. The chlorine demand of the water at the inlet of the treatment, or storage line is rapidly determined by accelerating, the reactions tied to disinfection by heating so as to obtain over a short period (from 5 to 10 minutes) water having a residual free chlorine content corresponding to the required value.

The water intended for distribution for urban or industrial uses is generally treated by means appropriate to minimize pollution, then stored and distributed.
In order to avoid organic developments, whether of algae, bacteria or pathogenic germs, it is necessary to inject a disinfectant, generally chlorine, upstream of a treatment or storage line, with a dosage such that the water is disinfected and that there remains at the distribution network inlet only a certain quantity of chlorine, called residual chlorine--generally from 0.05 to 0.2 mg/l.
A contact period is necessary for the disinfection of the water which has to be stored during that time, but the storage period can be variable, particularly so as to meet the downstream demand variations, while the upstream production is continuous.
The usual practice is to control more particularly the concentration of residual chlorine at the distribution network inlet, that is at the storage outlet, and to set in consequence the dosage of chlorine injected at the storage inlet.
This method is not satisfactory since one has to wait for a period at least equal to the storage duration in order to check that the desired result has been obtained for a given setting, the consumption of chlorine for the disinfection during storage not being predictable in advance; in particular, where there is a water quality deterioration upstream, causing a chlorine demand which is above what had been foreseen, one can find it out only long afterwards, when all the storage has been affected by the chlorine deficiency. When frequent water quality variations occur, an accurate setting is not possible and the dosage of chlorine has to be adjusted arbitrarily either to a level corresponding to the maximum demand, or to a medium level. In the first case, there is a risk of an excessive consumption of chlorine and a deterioration of the organoleptic qualities of drinkable waters during the periods where the demand is small; and in the second case the risk is that during the peak periods where the chlorine demand is high, the disinfection is insufficient and the network is polluted.

Method for regulating the residual free chlorine in water


To provide a coating composition for back coating, by which, in a solar heat-collecting reflector, a cured coating film layer excellent in durability such as heat resistance or water resistance and excellent in weather resistance, scratch resistance and impact resistance, can be formed, and a solar heat-collecting reflector having such a cured coating film layer. A coating composition for back coating to be used for the production of a solar heat-collecting reflector, which comprises a fluoropolymer (A) having units (A1) derived from a fluoroolefin and units (A2) having a crosslinkable group. A solar heat-collecting reflector having a cured coating film layer formed by the coating composition.

In recent years, from the viewpoint of global environment problems, there have been many attempts to suppress use of fossil fuels, and as one of them, a solar heat-collecting system which utilizes solar heat is known. As such a solar heat-collecting system, for example, a solar heat-collecting system may be mentioned which comprises a heat collection tube provided with a heat medium such as water or an inorganic salt, and a reflector to reflect sunlight to collect it in the heat collection tube. In such a solar heat-collecting system, sunlight is reflected by the reflector and collected in the heat collection tube, and the heat medium in the heat collection tube is heated by the heat of such sunlight to obtain thermal energy.
Whereas, as a mirror which is commonly used indoors, a mirror is widely used which comprises a glass substrate, a reflective metal layer formed on the glass substrate and an anti-corrosive coating film layer formed on such a reflective metal layer. In such a mirror, corrosion and modification of the reflective metal layer are prevented by the glass substrate and the anti-corrosive coating film layer. As back coating materials to form the anti-corrosive coating film layer, the following compositions are, for example, disclosed.
(i) A coating composition for back coating comprising a molybdenum compound as a lead-free pigment, and a synthetic resin binder (Patent Document 1).
(ii) A coating composition for back coating comprising a metal salt such as a thiazole type metal salt, an azole type or diamine type compound, and a synthetic resin (Patent Document 2).
The back coating materials (i) and (ii) are advantageous from the environmental viewpoint, since substantially no lead-type pigment will thereby be contained in the anti-corrosive coating film layer. However, with the anti-corrosive coating film layers formed by the back coating materials (i) and (ii), no consideration is made with respect to such a severe environment of usage as a solar heat-collecting reflector is exposed outdoors for a long period of time. The following problems will result when a solar-heat collecting reflector is used outdoors for a long period of time.
(1) The anti-corrosive coating film layer is detached from the reflective metal layer by expansion or shrinkage by heat, or expansion by moisture absorption or water absorption, of the anti-corrosive coating film layer.
(2) The reflective metal layer is oxidized by moisture absorption or water absorption of the anti-corrosive coating film layer, whereby the reflectance of the reflector is deteriorated.
(3) The anti-corrosive coating film layer of a solar heat-collecting reflector is exposed in many cases, and therefore, the anti-corrosive coating film layer is likely to be deteriorated by sunlight or impingement of sand or the like.
That is, the anti-corrosive coating film layer of a solar heat-collecting reflector is required to be excellent in durability such as heat resistance, moisture resistance, water resistance, etc. to solve the problems (1) and (2), and excellent in weather resistance, scratch resistance and impact resistance to solve the problem (3).
Patent Document 2 discloses that a fluororesin is used as a synthetic resin binder to provide the durability required for the anti-corrosive coating film layer. However, simply by using a fluororesin, it is difficult to sufficiently increase the durability, weather resistance, scratch resistance and impact resistance of the anti-corrosive coating film layer, and it is difficult to solve the problems (1) to (3).

Coating composition for solar heat-collecting reflector, and solar heat-collecting reflector and process for its production


Embodiments for managing, serving, and applying logging adapters for applications are described. An administrator for an application can establish mappings between the application and adapters that handle log events from the application. When the application executes, it can get these mappings and use them to obtain the corresponding adapters. The adapters can have a configuration function and a logging function. The configuration function can be executed once per-execution of the application to establish a global state for the logging function of that adapter. The configuration function can receive configuration data provided with the mappings. Thereafter, as the application generates log events, they can be passed to the logging functions of the mapped adapters, which execute to perform logging such as analytics functions, on the events, whether locally or by sending the events to third parties.

Many industries rely on logging application events to gather data about the operation of the application, how the application reacts to various environments, and how users interact with the application. Often such logging isn't built into an application itself, but instead uses separate interfaces to integrate analysis tools into the application. This integration has typically required programmers to setup connections between the application and one or more analysis tools.
If an analysis tool changes, if it is desired that additional analysis tools be connected to the application, if a configuration of an analysis tool needs to be modified, or if there is another reason to change the way an application logging is performed, the application itself may need to be modified. This requires a skilled programmer to modify the application code. Furthermore, where the application is distributed to other users, this requires time and consumes network resources for the updated application to be distributed.
For example, in a software development company that produces a "codeMe!" mobile application, the codeMe! application can initially be distributed without any event logging functionality. At some point, the head of licensing may determine that, to effectively partner with other companies, she needs users statistics for codeMe! An engineering team is assembled that adds a logging configuration for Google Analytics® to codeMe! The updated version of codeMe! is released to the Android® and Apple® app stores, and as users slowly get the new version, logging data starts to come in. Shortly thereafter, a project manager determines that to maximize an upcoming project, Adjust® analytics would be really helpful. Unfortunately, adding this additional analytics service would require too much engineering resources and, because the entire updating process would have to occur again, sufficient logging results would not be available in time to advance the project, so no new analytics are added and a less effective product is produced.
The techniques introduced here may be better understood by referring to the following Detailed Description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals indicate identical or functionally similar elements.


A power engine includes magnetic piston, electromagnetic winding, crankshaft, flywheel and voltage divider; the magnetic piston being adapted to a holder; a magnet being fixed to the piston; the winding being fixed to the holder; positive and negative currents being produced through the divider for the winding to attract and reject with that from the piston for the piston to engage in reciprocal motion for the crankshaft to output kinetics from the flywheel.

(a) Technical Field of the Invention
The present invention is related to a power engine, and more particularly, to one that generates motive power by taking advantage of attraction and rejection forces of both positive and negative polarities of a magnet in a magnetic field produced by the conduction of windings to push the crankshaft to revolve without consumption of general fuel.
(b) Description of the Prior Art
Generally, the internal combustion engines of the prior art are classified into two types, gasoline engine and diesel engine that respectively consume gasoline or diesel as fuel. Electric spark or high pressure to rise the temperature ignites the mixture of fuel and air to produce explosion for driving multiple pistons to engage in reciprocal motion, thus to drive the crankshaft to revolve to generate motive power. The process of combustion of gasoline or diesel to generate motive power utilizes a cycle of four basic steps, respectively, air inlet, compression, explosion and exhaustion. It takes four elements, air, fuel, compression and ignition for the internal combustion engine to work. Air supplies oxygen need by the fuel to combust in the engine; compression turns the power generated from the combustion of the fuel into enough power; and ignition causes the mixture of air and fuel to combust. Absence of any of those four elements would fail the engine.
However, it is understood that the construction of the internal combustion engine is very complicated, prevents easy service, consumes primary energy source, and is vulnerable to pollute the environment.


An acoustic wave device includes: a piezoelectric substrate; an interdigital electrode that is provided on the piezoelectric substrate and made of a laminated film, an electric resistivity of a material of an uppermost layer in the laminated film being larger than that of a material of a just-under layer located one layer lower than the uppermost layer; and a pad electrode that is provided on the piezoelectric substrate and electrically connected to the interdigital electrode, and has a same film structure as a film structure from a layer on the piezoelectric substrate to the just-under layer in the laminated film of the interdigital electrode, an upper surface of a layer corresponding to the just-under layer being exposed.

There is known an acoustic wave device equipped with an interdigital electrode and a pad electrode on a piezoelectric substrate, as the acoustic wave device using an acoustic wave. The acoustic wave device is used for a bandpass filter and a duplexer in a mobile communication terminal represented by a cellular phone. Recently, low loss of a filter is desired due to the improvement of a reception sensitivity, the reduction of a power consumption and so on of the mobile communication terminal. Factors of an insertion loss include, for example, a propagation loss of the acoustic wave, a leakage of the acoustic wave from a waveguide, a resistance loss of the interdigital electrode, a resistance loss in wiring and the pad electrode, and so on.
In general, the interdigital electrode is made of aluminum (Al) having a small electric resistance and a small density, or an alloy of aluminum. However, using materials other than aluminum and laminating different materials are proposed in view of power durability, characteristics or the like (e.g. see Japanese Patent Application Publication Nos. 7-122961, 2007-251710 and 2003-209458, and Masakazu Mimura et al., "Improvement Technique in Temperature Characteristics of Boundary Acoustic Wave Resonators using Multi-layered Electrodes", Proceedings of Symposium on Ultrasonic Electronics, 2011, vol. 32, pp. 213-214).
Generally, the pad electrode, and the wiring connecting the pad electrode and the interdigital electrode are formed simultaneously with the interdigital electrode in view of the simplification of a manufacturing process. In addition, there is a proposal for making the thickness of the wiring thicker than the interdigital electrode in order to reduce an electric resistance of the wiring (e.g. see Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2010-252321).
Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2010-252321 proposes reducing the electric resistance by making the wiring thick, but does not take an electric resistance of the pad electrode in a direction perpendicular to the piezoelectric substrate into consideration.

Acoustic wave device and method for manufacturing the same


A system and method of effecting time synchronization between disparate nodes on a network where at least one node has knowledge of the true network time, at least one other node requires synchronization to the true network time, and a third node is utilized to facilitate the synchronization process.

Previous attempts at achieving zero latency for timed pyrotechnic events specify that synchronization between modules must be achieved. In some systems the latency of RF communications packets transmitted and received are asymmetric, i.e. the transmit latency is not equal to nor directly correlatable to the receive latency.
In many systems the transmit latency is unpredictable, as it is dependent on various queues and real-time thread sequencing within the host system and the RF system, plus the additional latency of waiting for a clear transmission channel and/or an unpredictable number of potential retransmit cycles. In contrast, most systems have relatively predictable receive latency because the receiver must respond in real time to the incoming transmit timing and bitrate.
It is also true that in pyrotechnic systems event timing is critical to the show performance and bandwidth of the transmission system is often limited. While other synchronization techniques, such as Network Time Protocol (NTP), used in Ethernet systems are effective in wired systems and those with high bandwidth wireless bridges, they require significantly greater bandwidth than may be available in a pyrotechnic controller. Moreover, the pyrotechnic control system may not be operating in a true peer-to-peer system applicable to NTP.
The bandwidth problem is exacerbated if the pyrotechnics system is implemented as a centralized controller communicating with some number of pyrotechnic ignition modules. The modules may be constructed so as to minimize communications between ignition modules and maximize the communications bandwidth available to the central controller. In some systems there may be 1000 or more ignition modules for each centralized controller. It is also worth noting that the bandwidth limitations diminish with the number of modules such that if there are a very small number of modules, such as but not limited to one ignition controller and one central controller for example, other synchronization strategies such as NTP may become acceptable.
In other systems, synchronization is achieved by transmitting one or more packets from one communications node with knowledge of the given system time to another node with no knowledge of the system time. Over a number of packet transmissions in one or both directions, one can assume that the average latency between the two can be subtracted out but this leaves the actual skew between the two nodes equivalent to the magnitude of the average latency in the worst case transmission path. As discussed above, this average latency may be large and is subject to change over time as the RF environment of the pyrotechnics venue changes. Measurements of useable channels and channel saturation may be radically different between the morning of setup and evening showtime when perhaps tens of thousands of spectators with cellular network devices, wireless microphones, wireless speaker systems, and other wireless infrastructure devices are added to the venue.
Accordingly, it would be beneficial to have a method and apparatus for synchronization that takes into account one or more of the issues discussed above as well as possibly other issues.

Low skew synchronization of disparate wireless nodes in a pyrotechnic environment


The present invention relates to a method of processing images obtained from a photosensitive detector of the type notably produced by semiconductor material deposition techniques. The method consists in correcting an image acquired by the detector with a gain image. According to the invention, a temperature gain drift correction image is applied to the acquired image as a function of a temperature measured by the detector during the acquisition of the image. The invention also relates to a photosensitive detector in which the temperature gain drift correction means are included, independently of the gain image.

The techniques involving the thin-film deposition of semiconductor materials such as hydrogenated amorphous silicon (aSiH), on glass insulating substrates for example, can be used to produce matrices of photosensitive points that can produce an image from a visible or near-visible radiation. To use these matrices in the detection of radiological images, all that is needed is to insert, between the X-radiation and the matrix, a scintillator screen for converting the X-radiation into light radiation in the band of wavelengths to which the photosensitive points are sensitive.
A first defect affects the quality of images acquired by the photosensitive detector. The semiconductor components used in such detectors are not all identical and the photosensitive detector inherently has non-uniformities which are reflected in corrupted areas.
To try to obtain a useful image of optimum quality, a first correction of the image acquired by the detector is performed on the basis of a so-called offset image, known as a "black image", generally taken and stored at the start of an operating cycle. This offset image is the image obtained when the photosensitive detector is exposed to a signal of zero intensity and corresponds to a kind of background image. The offset image varies as a function of the electrical state of the components of the photosensitive points and of the dispersion of their electrical characteristics. The useful image is the one read when the photosensitive detector has been exposed to a useful signal that corresponds to an exposure to an X-radiation. It encompasses the offset image. The correction consists in performing a subtraction between the useful image and the offset image.
A second correction applied to the image is a gain correction. This correction is generally a multiplying correction and may depend on each photosensitive point. The term "gain image" is then used. This is a matrix of the same size as the photosensitive matrix. The so-called gain matrix comprises, in association with each photosensitive point, a corrective coefficient to be applied to the level measured by the corresponding photosensitive point to obtain a so-called useful image.
The gain image cannot be defined during the normal use of the photosensitive detector. The gain image is defined during a calibration phase which may take a few minutes during which the photosensitive detector is unavailable.
It will be realized that the gain image varies as a function of the temperature of the detector. Sometimes, visible non-uniformities appear in the image and render the image unusable notably in the medical radiology domain. As soon as the temperature varies, typically by around three degrees, it may sometimes be necessary to repeat the calibration phase. To alleviate this problem, temperature-stabilized photosensitive detectors have been produced. To achieve this stability, the detector can be used only after a waiting time of several hours after the detector has been powered up. The temperature of the detector may deviate by more than three degrees from its average temperature. In this case, the image quality may possibly be degraded and it will be necessary to provide for a new detector calibration phase and therefore for the immobilization of said detector. To improve the thermal stability of the detector, coolant circulation has been implemented in the detector. This solution is costly and difficult to implement.
The solutions for stabilizing detector temperature may be adapted to a fixed use, in a room specially dedicated to radiology for example.

Method for processing images arising from a photosensitive detector and photosensitive detector


An apparatus and method for impregnating fibers and/or dispensing impregnated fibers including a dispenser body with a resin containing cavity, a fiber supply for supplying fiber to be passed through the resin in the cavity and an impregnated fiber outlet for removing impregnated fiber from the cavity.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to an apparatus and method for dispensing fibers, and more particularly, to an apparatus and method for dispensing resin coated or impregnated fibers or fiber bundles. The invention has specific application to the dental field and other fields where resin impregnated fibers or fiber bundles are needed or desired.
2. Description of the Prior Art
There are many fields of art in which fibers or fiber bundles impregnated with a resin or the like are needed or desired. The dental field is one such field.
In the dental field, procedures currently exist for using fibers, impregnated with a selectively curable resin, for various purposes such as the replacement of missing teeth and the splinting of mobile teeth without drilling, grinding or otherwise altering any of the abutment teeth. A procedure for replacing missing teeth involves preparation of the lingual surfaces of the abutment teeth, followed by application of an appropriate adhesive or bonding resin to these prepared surfaces. A plurality of reinforcing fibers or fiber bundles are then impregnated with a resin material. These resin impregnated fibers are laid across the gap from one abutment tooth to the other so that the fibers bridge or extend across this gap which will be filled by the artificial tooth or "pontic". The resin impregnated fibers are then appropriately activated or cured to secure the fibers to the supporting abutment teeth. A pontic or artificial tooth of desired shape and size is then prepared or selected and is secured to the fibers bridging the gap by an adhesive resin. After the resin has been cured by appropriate activation, the excess resin is trimmed from the pontic and surrounding teeth using finishing techniques which are common in the art.
With respect to the splinting of mobile teeth, teeth which have lost root support by peridontal disease processes which cause jaw bone resorption or bone height, move individually. If allowed to continue, tooth loss will result. By attaching the resin impregnated fibers from loose tooth to loose tooth, they are splinted together and function as a fixed, immovable unit. This is an efficient, time saving system which replaces existing techniques costing several times more. Further, with the fiber reinforced splint process described above, there is no need to cut or prepare the teeth.
One step in the above processes which is particularly important and which is often quite time consuming is the step of impregnating or saturating the fibers or fiber bundles with resin. This step commonly involves cutting a plurality of fiber bundles to the desired length, placing the fiber bundles, along with a measured amount of dispensed resin, onto a pallet or other substrate and then manually working the resin into the fiber bundles with a dental tool or the like until the fibers are fully impregnated with the resin. This is a relatively time consuming process because of the high viscosity of the resin material, the relatively limp and fine texture of the fibers and the need for the fibers to be fully impregnated. Insufficient impregnation will result in the existence of "dry" fibers. Dry fibers can act as a wick for bacteria or oral fluids which can lead to odor, decay and other future dental problems. Thus, it is extremely important to totally impregnate all the fibers with the resin so as to eliminate any dry fibers. However, despite this desired objective, it is often difficult to insure that all fibers have been fully impregnated. Accordingly, there is a need for an apparatus and method for impregnating fibers or fiber bundles with resin or the like which is less time consuming, while at the same time insuring that all the fibers or fiber bundles are fully impregnated.

Apparatus and method for dispensing resin coated fibers


Methods and systems are provided for reducing temperature of an engine or single cylinder(s) of the engine at start/stop events where the engine is stopped from combusting air and fuel, and in response to an overheating engine condition. In one example, a method comprises activating an electric air compressor to direct cooling air flow through a first single cylinder of the engine, to reduce a temperature of the first single cylinder to a desired temperature prior to a request to restart the engine. In this way, a single cylinder indicated to be overheating may be effectively cooled, without employing methodology that would otherwise cool the engine as a whole, which may thus prevent engine degradation and which may conserve power of an onboard energy storage device.

Vehicles may include a coolant system configured to reduce overheating of an engine by transferring the heat to ambient air. Therein, coolant is circulated through the engine block to remove heat from the hot engine, and the heated coolant is then circulated through a radiator near the front of the vehicle. Heated coolant may also be circulated through a heat exchanger to heat a passenger compartment. The coolant system may include various components such as various valves, pumps, and one or more thermostats. In the event of coolant system degradation due to component malfunction (e.g., water pump degradation), or due to loss of coolant from the cooling system (e.g., due to a coolant leak), the engine may overheat. Engine overheating may be exacerbated in turbocharged direct injected engines which tend to run hot due to boost and higher loads.
Various approaches have been developed to address engine overheating in the event of coolant system degradation. One example approach, shown by Willard et al. in U.S. Pat. No. 9,217,379, addresses engine overheating by alternately shutting down fuel to one or more cylinders while maintaining vehicle torque demand with the fueled cylinders. Cylinder cooling is achieved as cool un-combusted air flows through the unfueled cylinders. In still other approaches, cylinder fueling may be shut off on a bank-wise basis to cool the deactivated bank, while the active bank continues to generate torque for vehicle propulsion.
The inventors herein have recognized potential issues with the above approach. As one example, in engines configured with start-stop (S/S) capabilities, even with all cylinders deactivated, under-hood temperatures may continue to climb. Due to the vehicle being static and not moving, even if additional cooling fans are activated, the idle-stopped engine may continue to overheat. If the engine is restarted to increase cooling air flow, the fuel economy benefit associated with the start-stop operation may be compromised.
The inventors herein have developed systems and methods to at least partially address the above issues. In one example a method comprises activating an electric compressor in an intake of an engine of a vehicle, to direct an air flow through a first single cylinder of the engine during a start/stop event where the engine is not combusting air and fuel, to reduce a temperature of the first single cylinder to a desired temperature prior to a request to restart the engine. In this way, mitigating action may be taken at a S/S event for a single cylinder that is identified as overheating, which may prevent or reduce potential engine degradation stemming from the single overheating cylinder.
In one example of the method, the method further includes positioning the first single cylinder with both an intake valve and an exhaust valve of the first single cylinder in an at least partially open configuration, to direct the air flow through the first single cylinder. By positioning the first single cylinder as such, the first single cylinder may be effectively cooled during the S/S event.
The above advantages and other advantages, and features of the present description will be readily apparent from the following Detailed Description when taken alone or in connection with the accompanying drawings.
It should be understood that the summary above is provided to introduce in simplified form a selection of concepts that are further described in the detailed description. It is not meant to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, the scope of which is defined uniquely by the claims that follow the detailed description. Furthermore, the claimed subject matter is not limited to implementations that solve any disadvantages noted above or in any part of this disclosure.

Systems and methods for engine cooling during S/S events


A branch candidate selecting method by a mobile station and a diversity handover control method on a network side in DHO performance are provided which consider a maximum cable branch number and maximum radio branch number of the mobile station, when the mobile station detects the plurality of addition branch candidates and deletion branch candidates. The mobile station inserts a plurality of addition branch candidates and deletion branch candidates, that is, all the DHO candidates into one handover trigger signal, and notifies the network. The addition branch candidates are put into addition information parameters in the handover trigger signal, and the deletion branch candidates are put into deletion information parameters. To simplify processing on the network side, the network side separates the addition branch candidates from the deletion branch candidates, and carries out sequential processing of them independently.

1. The Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a branch candidate selecting method in a mobile station in the case where the mobile station detects a plurality of addition branch candidates and deletion branch candidates, and to a diversity handover branch control method on a network side in executing diversity handover.
2. The Relevant Technology
Recently, code division multiple access (CDMA) technology has been proposed as one of promising radio transmission methods for implementing multimedia communications in the next generation mobile communication network systems. A CDMA system carries out diversity handover (DHO) that establishes multiple communication links (branches) between a mobile station and a plurality of base stations while the mobile station is moving near a boundary of a radio area, and communicates by performing signal combining (selection combining) on the multiple communication links. In the diversity condition, it is possible to increase a radio capacity by controlling such that the mobile station and the base stations can communicate at minimum transmission power (transmission power control). Furthermore, it is possible in the diversity condition to eliminate instantaneous chopping during handover, which can occur in the conventional time division multiple access (TDMA).
Establishing a new branch in the DHO is specifically referred to as "addition DHO" in the DHO, and deleting a communication branch not contributing to the communications in the diversity condition is specifically referred to as "deletion DHO" in the DHO. To carry out the addition DHO and deletion DHO, the mobile station normally detects a candidate of the addition DHO (called "addition DHO candidate" or "addition branch candidate"), and a candidate of the deletion DHO (called "deletion DHO candidate" or "deletion branch candidate"). Detecting an addition or deletion branch candidate by monitoring a radio condition (transmission loss, for example) of a perch in the current sector or peripheral sectors, the mobile station notifies the network side of the detected candidate. The network side performs the DHO (addition DHO or deletion DHO) based on the notified candidate. The term "network side" usually refers to a switching center or a control center of base stations, it is possible to provide this function to the base stations.
The mobile station communicates with the base stations using individual radio links (radio branches) associated with the base stations. A switching center comprises cable links (cable branches) connecting it with the base stations that are communicating with the mobile station, and carries out, with a handover (HO) processor or a diversity handover trunk (DHT), the selection combining of the signals sent from the base stations. The fundamental operation of the diversity handover branch is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 9-508773 (1997), and network configurations and control methods of the diversity handover trunks are disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 8-348900 (1996).
Because of hardware implementation or the like, there are provided an upper limit to the number of radio branches (a maximum radio branch number) that the mobile station can establish simultaneously, and an upper limit to the number of cable branches (a maximum cable branch number) that the DHT in the switching center can connect or process simultaneously. The upper limit to the number of communication branches (the maximum communication branch number) that can be established in the diversity condition equals the smaller one of the maximum numbers of the radio branches and cable branches. In ordinary systems, it is designed that the maximum radio branch number becomes equal to the maximum communication branch number to make effective use of radio resources by giving priority to them.
However, conventional papers (for example, Shimizu, et al. "Handover equipment and control method in next generation mobile communication systems", General assembly of the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers of Japan, 1997) handle the subject only under the assumption that the control of branches to be added or deleted is limited to a single branch, and do not handle simultaneous control of a plurality of addition branches and deletion branches. It is not specified in ITU-T recommendation Q.FIF version 6, as well.
As mentioned above, since the control of the branches to be added and deleted is carried out on one by one basis in the prior art, N times of control is required in principle to control N branches. However, the mobile station can detect a plurality of deletion branch candidates and addition branch candidates at the same time, because their detection depends on the ambient radio condition.
In such a case, a number of times of similar control operations are repeated between the mobile station and the switching center, which is not only inefficient, but also takes an extra time for the control until the entire handover control is completed.
Taking account of the addition DHO of a single branch, the prior art sets the maximum cable branch number at the maximum radio branch number plus one. Thus, the network side can prepare the branches in cable sections by the number greater than the maximum radio branch number by one. This enables a simple switching operation in the radio sections to complete the addition DHO by adding one cable branch from among the prepared cable branches without deleting the communication branch even in the case where one branch is added to the maximum number of branches.
However, such a method that follows the prior art, in which the maximum cable branch number is set at the number greater than the maximum radio branch number by one, has a problem of impairing effective control because of the network side control repeated by the number of addition branch candidates. Furthermore, no prior art takes account of handling any addition branch candidates that have not been prepared in the cable section, even though they have higher DHO priority than the communication branches, because the control unit is for a single branch and the maximum cable branch number is limited.

Mobile communication system, mobile station and diversity handover branch control method


A flexible extension storage enclosure for folding travel trailers that is selectively secured to the underside of a folding trailer extension after it has been deployed from the main body of the travel trailer. The storage extension enclosure provides additional usable weather tight storage area beneath the extension by using a combination of track insertable support rails and a plurality of wall surface mounted snaps to define selectively accessible integrated storage compartment there beneath with a selective access closure.

1. Technical Field
This invention relates to travel trailers that extend and unfold to provide a usable interior space for camping and the like. More specifically, to trailers and vehicle expansion enclosure systems that are connected to and primarily supported by the trailer or the vehicle to which it is attached.
2. Description of Prior Art
Prior art trailer enclosure attachments have been directed to collapsible enclosures for shelters and storage that have been secured to and extend beyond the supportive surface of the trailers or vehicles. See for example U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,923,336, 4,065,166, 4,457,553, 6,871,896 and U.S. Publication 2009/0159108.
In U.S. Pat. No. 3,923,336 a tent accessory for a truck is disclosed having a tent configuration with a sealing, sidewalls and floor for use as a room addition for the camper.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,457,553 is directed to a portable shower for a van having a slidably disposed upper tubular frame from which are selectively secured depending side and end walls to form and open top shower enclosure against the back end of the van.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,065,166 is directed to a demountable extension enclosure for motor vehicles having a tent-like structure that extends up from a floor board that extends from the doorway of the loading door of the vehicle.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,871,896 claims a temporary vehicle enclosure expansion system that uses the vehicle's door to support an enclosure extending therebetween.
Finally, in U.S. Patent Publication 2009/0159108 a storage facility is illustrated that extends from the rear of a vehicle having bag bins and boxes therewithin.

Portable temporary extension enclosure for folding trailers


An antenna apparatus capable of main beam direction switching is provided that achieves high gain with a small, planar configuration. Rhombic antenna sections composed of linear elements 101a through 101d, 102a through 102d, and 103a through 103d are arranged in the same plane, and the rhombic antenna sections are connected by linear linking elements 104a through 104d. Linear detour elements 105a and 105b are connected to the pair of vertices of the rhombic antenna sections arranged at each end. Feed points 106a and 106b are provided at the other opposite two pairs of vertices of any of the rhombic antenna sections, and the opposite vertices of the other rhombic antenna sections are connected by linear elements. A plate reflector is arranged at a distance h from, and parallel to, the surface on which the rhombic antenna elements are arranged.

In recent years, road-to-vehicle communication systems and vehicle-to-vehicle communication systems using 25 GHz band, 60 GHz band, and so forth, have been studied. In these communication systems, since the antenna apparatus installed in a vehicle is positioned comparatively close to the road (inside a bumper, for example), there is a problem that reflection from the road cannot be ignored and transmission quality degrades due to fading. Therefore, the antenna apparatus installed in a vehicle needs to have narrow directivity to the vertical direction with respect to the road, and to have a small configuration. It is also preferable that the antenna apparatus has high gain in order to extend the communication distance, and can switch the beam direction within the horizontal plane according to the course of the road since a road is assumed to curve as well as to run in a straight line.
Up to now, a planar patch array antenna has been known as an antenna for achieving high gain with a small, planar configuration. This antenna narrows beam directivity in the main radiation direction and achieves high gain by having a plurality of antenna elements arranged within a plane perpendicular to the main radiation direction and performing distribution feeding (see Patent Document 1, for example.)
Also, a patch Yagi-Uda array antenna has been proposed as an antenna capable of switching beam (see Patent Document 2, for example). FIG. 20 is a drawing showing the configuration of a patch Yagi-Uda array antenna described in Patent Document 2. This antenna is configured with feed elements 2001a through 2001d, passive element 2002, and passive element groups 2003a through 2003d, and achieves small antenna apparatus size by sharing the wave directors (passive elements) that account for the major part of a Yagi-Uda array antenna. By switching power feeding to feed elements 2001a through 2001d, it is possible to switch beam in four directions with the antenna apparatus shown in this figure.
A detour element loaded loop antenna has been proposed as another beam switching antenna (see Non-Patent Document 1, for example.) FIG. 21 is a drawing showing the configuration of the detour element loaded loop antenna described in Non-Patent Document 1. As shown in the figure, linear elements 2101a through 2101d are arranged in a rhombic shape, linear detour element 2102a is connected between linear elements 2101a and 2101c, and linear detour element 2102b is connected between linear elements 2101b and 2101d. Feed point 2103a is provided between linear elements 2101a and 2101b, and feed point 2103b is provided between linear elements 2101c and 2101d. Plate reflector 2104 is arranged parallel to the antenna elements configured as described above. By configuring an antenna apparatus in this way, and switching between feed points 2103a and 2103b, it is possible to switch the main beam in two directions. By this means, it is possible to switch beam with a planar, small configuration.    Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. HEI6-334434    Patent Document 2: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-142919    Non-Patent Document 1: Technical report A-P2003-157 of The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers, November 2003


A lithographic apparatus includes an illumination system for providing beam of radiation, and a support structure for supporting a patterning device. The patterning device imparts the beam of radiation with a pattern. The apparatus also includes a substrate table for holding a substrate, a projection system for projecting the patterned beam onto a target portion of the substrate, and a gas supply system for supplying a purge gas including oxygen to a plurality of spaces in the apparatus. The gas supply system is arranged so that the purge gas supplied to each of the plurality of spaces is a premixed purge gas mixture composed by the gas supply system for each of the plurality of spaces on the basis of a predetermined relationship that relates a desired amount of oxygen in the premixed purge gas mixture to the respective space to which that premixed purge gas mixture is supplied.

A lithographic apparatus is a machine that applies a desired pattern onto a target portion of a substrate. Lithographic apparatus can be used, for example, in the manufacture of integrated circuits (ICs). In that circumstance, a patterning device, such as a mask, may be used to generate a circuit pattern corresponding to an individual layer of the IC, and this pattern can be imaged onto a target portion (e.g. including part of, one or several dies) on a substrate (e.g. a silicon wafer) that has a layer of radiation-sensitive material (resist). In general, a single substrate will contain a network of adjacent target portions that are successively exposed. Known lithographic apparatus include so-called steppers, in which each target portion is irradiated by exposing an entire pattern onto the target portion in one go, and so-called scanners, in which each target portion is irradiated by scanning the pattern through the projection beam in a given direction (the "scanning"-direction) while synchronously scanning the substrate parallel or anti-parallel to this direction.
In a manufacturing process using a lithographic projection apparatus, a pattern (e.g. in a mask) is imaged onto a substrate that is at least partially covered by a layer of radiation-sensitive material (resist). Prior to this imaging step, the substrate may undergo various procedures, such as priming, resist coating and a soft bake. After exposure, the substrate may be subjected to other procedures, such as a post-exposure bake (PEB), development, a hard bake and measurement/inspection of the imaged features. This array of procedures is used as a basis to pattern an individual layer of a device, e.g. an IC. Such a patterned layer may then undergo various processes such as etching, ion-implantation (doping), metallization, oxidation, chemo-mechanical polishing, etc., all intended to finish off an individual layer. If several layers are required, than the whole procedure, or a variant thereof, will have to be repeated for each new layer. Eventually, an array of devices will be present on the substrate (wafer). These devices are then separated from one another by a technique such as dicing or sawing, so that the individual devices can be mounted on a carrier, connected to pins, etc. Further information regarding such processes can be obtained, for example, from the book "Microchip Fabrication: A practical Guide to Semiconductor Processing", Third Edition, by Peter van Zant, McGraw Hill Publishing Co., 1997, ISBN 0-07-067250-4, incorporated herein by reference.
To reduce the size of features that can be imaged using a lithographic projection apparatus, it is desirable to reduce the wavelength of the illumination radiation. Ultraviolet wavelengths of less than 200 nm are therefore currently contemplated, for example 193 nm, 157 nm, or 126 nm. Also contemplated are extreme ultraviolet (EUV) wavelengths of less than 50 nm, for example, 13.5 nm. Suitable sources of UV radiation include Hg lamps and excimer lasers. EUV sources contemplated include laser-produced plasma sources, discharge sources, and undulators or wigglers provided around the path of an electron beam in a storage ring or synchrotron.
In the case of EUV radiation, the projection system will generally consist of an array of mirrors, and the mask will be reflective. See, for example, the apparatus discussed in WO 99/57596, incorporated herein by reference.
Apparatus which operate at such low wavelengths are significantly more sensitive to the presence of contaminant particles than those operating at higher wavelengths.
Contaminant particles such as hydrocarbon molecules and water vapor may be introduced into the system from external sources, or they may be generated within the lithographic apparatus itself. For example, the contaminant particles may include the debris and by-products that are liberated from the substrate, for example, by an EUV radiation beam, or molecules produced through evaporation of plastics, adhesives, and lubricants used in the apparatus. It will be clear that the term "contaminant particles" encompasses molecular contamination.
These contaminants tend to adsorb to optical components in the system, and cause a loss in transmission of the radiation beam. When using, for example, 157 nm radiation, a loss in transmission of about 1% is observed when only one or a few monolayers of contaminant particles form on each optical surface. Such a loss in transmission is unacceptably high. Further, the uniformity requirement on the projection beam intensity for such systems is generally less than 0.2%. Localized contamination on optical components can cause this requirement not to be met.
EP 1312984, incorporated herein by reference, describes that the cleaning of optical components in a lithographic projection apparatus can be carried out by addition of relatively low partial pressures of stable molecular oxygen to a purge gas which is fed to spaces through which the projection beam travels. As molecular oxygen itself is not effective as cleaning agent, it is used in combination with (E)UV radiation. The (E)UV radiation cracks oxygen to produce oxygen radicals, which are highly effective cleaning agents. With the low concentrations of cleaning agent in the purge gas, the optical components can be cleaned while projecting a mask pattern onto a target portion with acceptable transmission loss due to absorption of (E)UV radiation by oxygen.
After this form of cleaning, the transmission or reflection of the radiation beam is noticeably better than before cleaning. The uniformity has also improved. This form of cleaning is regarded as a highly effective method of cleaning optical components in lithographic projection apparatus. It avoids the use of unstable materials such as ozone. Above all, it prevents very time-consuming dismounting of optical components (e.g. lens elements) out of the lithographic projection apparatus in order to clean the component in a separate cleaning unit.

Lithographic apparatus, gas supply system, method for purging, and device manufacturing method and device manufactured thereby


The present invention provides a design of a bonding pad of a LCD panel and a flexible printed circuit (FPC). Each bonding pad is divided into three sections. Therefore, more bonding pads can be disposed on a high resolution panel without reducing total bonding width. Furthermore, the bonding pad with three sections, the FPC bonding pad and the panel bonding pad which are coupled with each other have different area so that misalignment is avoided in the process of bonding of the FPC and panel bonding pad. Besides that, a bonding area of each FPC bonding pad and panel bonding pad are substantially the same to assure resistance.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display (LCD) device, and more particularly, to a LCD device having a design of a bonding pad between a LCD panel and a flexible printed circuit.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Owing to their low-profile, thin, and lightweight features, LCD devices have replaced cathode ray tubes (CRTs) in many applications and becomes the mainstream display devices in recent years. LCD panels are widely used in electronic devices such as mobile phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), digital cameras, computer screens, notebook screens, etc.
A conventional liquid crystal display (LCD) device comprises a LCD panel and external driving chips. The external driving chips transmit scan or data signals to pixels of the LCD panel to display images via metallic wires on the LCD panel.
The external driving chips and the LCD panel are coupled through a flexible printed circuit (FPC) on which metallic wires are set up. One end of each metallic wire on the FPC is coupled to output of the external driving chips, and the other end of each metallic wire on the FPC is coupled to each metallic wire of the LCD panel. Due to the arrangement, the driving chips can output signals to the LCD panel successfully.
In addition, the metallic wires of the FPC are bonded to the metallic wires of the LCD panel. In the prior art, there is a convex FPC bonding pad at the end of each metallic wire on the FPC, and there is also a convex panel bonding pad at the end of each metallic wire on the LCD panel. In the process of bonding, anisotropic conductive film (ACF) is coated on the surface of the LCD panel. Then the FPC bonding pads target at and stick to the panel bonding pads. Conductive particles in the ACF are crushed by pressing and heating, so that the FPC bonding pads couples the panel bonding pads.
Please refer to FIG. 1. FIG. 1 is a local diagram of a LCD device 100 in the prior art. To facilitate the description, FIG. 1 only shows bonding areas of the FPC and the LCD panel. The panel bonding pad 110 is designed as one section. Every bonding pad 110 has the same area. All pitches between any two neighboring bonding pads 110 are identical. The FPC bonding pad 120 is also designed correspondingly to the panel bonding pad 110 for bonding.
Owing to panel resolution being getting higher, more data lines are needed to be disposed on the LCD panel. Hence it is necessary to set up more bonding pads. The measure of bonding area, however, is actually limited. Therefore, the solution is to reduce the areas of the bonding pad/FPC bonding pad and to reduce a pitch between two neighboring panel bonding pads and between two neighboring FPC bonding pad. But it is ineffective to mass production because machine precision leads to misalignment of the panel bonding pad and FPC bonding pad of probably the to cause abnormal signal transmission.

Liquid crystal display and manufacturing method for the same

Shenzhen China Star Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd.


An electronic learning device for receiving a book having a plurality of successive page spreads, at least one page spread having selectable content and an optically readable page identifier. The device includes a housing configured to receive the book, a position sensor in the housing configured to determine the location of the selectable content on the at least one page spread, an optical sensor in the housing configured to irradiate and detect the page identifier on the at least one page spread and control electronics in the housing operatively coupled to the optical sensor and to the position sensor and configured to synchronize sequential operation of the position sensor and the optical sensor.

The present invention relates to an optical page identification system for an interactive, electronic system using books. More particularly, the present invention relates to an autonomous, optical page-identification system that communicates to the system controller the identity of the page that is viewable by the user.
Certain interactive, electronic systems allow a child to activate electronic speech, sound and lights by pointing to words or images on the cover and pages of multi-page books used with a reader or base unit. The principle components of the typical system are the base unit housing system electronics, one or more books each removably mountable in the base unit, for an example in a book well, and a read only memory ("ROM"), either within the base unit or within cartridges removably connected with the base unit and storing software associated with the content of the books. In addition to book-based activity, letters of the alphabet, numerals or other graphics may be provided on the upwardly facing surface of the base unit to allow alphabet, number or graphics based learning or game play when a book is not present in the unit.
The conventional hardware for the implementing the aforementioned systems is generally not user friendly. A hardwired stylus or difficult to press pressure sensitive switches are provided to identify the page being viewed and to select the interactive content on the viewed page. This conventional hardware usually requires an undesirable amount of assistance, instruction and practice before a child can knowledgeably and properly use the system, particularly pre-school children. For example, to identify a currently viewable page or to detect a page turn, a child must be instructed to recognize and then touch on the page a uniquely positioned printed identification icon, such as a graphic having a particular geometric shape or an easily recognizable key word such as the word "Go". The systems are also error prone due to the positional certainty of the pages of the book on the reader. The systems are also prone to user induced errors such as failure to identify or properly select the page identification icon before interacting with a page or turning of multiple pages at once or the partial turning of a page. Accordingly, the current page identification and synchronization methods employed by conventional book interaction systems result in a large percentage of synchronization errors for young users.
An autonomous page identification system that communicates to the system controller the identity of the page that is viewable by the user without requiring user intervention provides a user friendly system. More particularly, an autonomous page identification system reducing or eliminating page synchronization errors will significantly increase the value of other, conventional aspects of such systems to users particularly pre-school users.

Interactive electronic device with optical page identification system


A true time delay phased array is provided which includes a digital subarray interface in the transmit signal path. The digital transmit signal path interface includes a digital reference signal generation means and digital signal propagation means for supplying the digital reference signal to the subarray. Each subarray includes RF carrier signal generating means for generating an RF carrier signal phase coherent with the reference signal, a fiber optic true time delay circuit for applying an appropriate phase delay to the RF carrier and an appropriate true time delay to the modulation signal, and a waveform modulator for modulating the modulating signal onto the phase locked RF carrier signal to provide the transmit signal for the subarray. The present invention can be used in conjunction with existing digital interface technology for receive and control signal paths to provide an entirely digital subarray signal path interface.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to beamsteered phased array antennas. More particularly, the present invention relates to an optoelectronic wide bandwidth photonically beamsteered phased array which utilizes a digital subarray interface in both the transmit and receive signal paths.
2. Description of Related Art
A beamsteered phased array is an antenna system comprising individual antenna elements in which the relative phases of the signals respectively radiated or received by the antenna elements control the effective beam pointing direction. The relative phases of the signals radiated by the individual antenna elements define the transmit beam, while the relative phases of the signals received by the individual elements define the receive beam. The beamsteering effect is substantially the same as that produced in a mechanical scan antenna by physically repositioning the antenna elements.
In a true time delay beamsteered phased array, known time delays introduced into the transmitted or received signals control the relative phase between individual elements and thereby the antenna beam pointing direction. U.S. Pat. No. 5,051,754 discloses a true time delay phased array utilizing a photonic true time delay circuit for both the transmit and receive signal paths. A plurality of fiber optic true time delay circuits receive an RF signal input from an RF exciter and output an optical signal having a controlled time delay. The optical signal is detected and amplified to provide an RF signal which serves as the transmit carrier signal and the local oscillator for the receive circuit mixers, and thus the appropriate delay is introduced on both transmit and receive.
The transmit signal path in the true time delay phased array described above includes an RF analog signal interface between the true time delay circuits and the transmit/receive modules. In the receive signal path, however, a multiplexed digital signal resulting from the analog to digital conversion and time delay of the signals received by the in-phase and quadrature mixers is transmitted across a fiber optic cable from the transmit/receive module to the radar processor. The control signal interface between the transmit/receive module and the radar processor is also digital.
A digital interface would also be desirable in the transmit signal path. All RF signals could then be confined to a limited area near the radiating elements, while all signal reference, processing and control circuitry could be remotely located. An entirely digital interface would provide numerous advantages including the ability to support wider instantaneous bandwidth signals, increased tolerance to alignment errors, reduced reliance on calibration, reduced RF interface signal loss and mismatch problems, simplified manufacturing and integration, increased design flexibility, low cross-talk and resistance to electromagnetic interference. In addition an all digital transmit and receive interface would permit the use of self-contained subarrays of transmit/receive modules, resulting in significant structural improvements in the RF hardware, such as size and weight reductions. Attaining the above advantages will permit more widespread use of phased arrays in size and weight sensitive applications such as aircraft skins, missiles, spacecraft and automobiles. Significant cost savings would also be possible in other traditional phased array applications, such as ship or ground-based radars.
However, there is no true time delay phased array presently available which incorporates a digital interface in both the transmit and receive signal paths. It is therefore not possible to obtain the above advantages using current technology. Although the phased array described above utilizes fiber optic cables to interface the true time delay circuits to the array modules in the transmit path, these cables carry analog signals and therefore many of the problems associated with other types of analog interfaces remain.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a true time delay photonically beamsteered phased array which incorporates a digital interface in the transmit signal path as well as the receive and control signal paths, and which provides the advantages discussed above.

Optoelectronic phased array with digital transmit signal interface


The present invention provides a backlight module, which includes a backplane, a backlight source arranged inside the backplane, a light guide plate arranged inside the backplane and corresponding to the backlight source, a plurality of positioning units arranged between the backplane and the light guide plate, a reflector plate arranged between the backplane and the light guide plate and mounted to the positioning units, and optic films arranged on the light guide plate. The positioning units each have an end fixed to the light guide plate, an opposite end fixed to the backplane, and an intermediate portion which is provided with a positioning section. The reflector plate is mounted to the positioning sections so that the light guide plate and the reflector plate form therebetween a gap. The gap helps preventing the light guide plate and the reflector plate from contacting and rubbing each other.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to the field of liquid crystal display, and in particular to a structure of backlight module.
2. The Related Arts
Liquid crystal display (LCD) has a variety of advantages, such as thin device body, low power consumption, and being free of radiation, and is thus widely used. Most of the LCDs that are currently available in the market are backlighting LCDs, which comprise a liquid crystal panel and a backlight module. The operation principle of the liquid crystal panel is that liquid crystal molecules are interposed between two parallel glass substrates and the liquid crystal molecules are controlled to change direction by application of electricity to the glass substrates in order to refract out light emitting from the backlight module for generating images. Since the liquid crystal panel itself does not emit light, light must be provided by the backlight module in order to normally display images. Thus, the backlight module is one of the key components of an LCD. The backlight module can be classified in two types, namely side-edge backlight module and direct backlight module, according to the position where light gets incident. The direct backlight module comprises a light source, such as a cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL) or a light-emitting diode (LED), which is arranged at the back side of the liquid crystal panel to form a planar light source that directly provides lighting to the liquid crystal panel. The side-edge backlight module comprises a backlighting source of an LED light bar arranged at an edge of a backplane that is located rearward of one side of the liquid crystal panel. The LED light bar emits light that enters a light guide plate (LGP) through a light incident face of the light guide plate and, after being reflected and diffused, is projected out through a light emergence face of the light guide plate to form a planar light source for the liquid crystal panel.
Referring to FIG. 1, a conventional LED based side-edge backlight module comprises a backplane 100, a backlight source 300 arranged inside the backplane 100, a light guide plate 500 arranged inside the backplane 100 to correspond to the backlight source 300, a reflector plate 700 arranged on a bottom surface of the light guide plate 500, and optic films 900 arranged on a top surface of the light guide plate 500. The light guide plate 500 is made of a material of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) or methacrylate-butadiene-styrene copolymer (MBS), which has a light weight and better mechanical strength. In the conventional structure, the upper side of the backplane 100 is positioned against the reflector plate 700 and the upper side of the reflector plate 700 is tightly positioned against the light guide plate 500. This arrangement causes the backplane 100, the reflector 700, and the light guide plate 500 to physically engage and rub each other in mechanical vibration and impacts. Further, due to influence caused by the assembling environment, foreign objects may be trapped between the reflector plate 700 and the light guide plate 500 during the process of assembling. The foreign objects may rub the light guide plate 500 and the reflector plate 700 in mechanical vibration and impacts. This may easily result in scratching of the light guide plate thereby showing white spots or white staining on the screen. Problems of optic quality may thus result, deteriorating the displaying quality of the liquid crystal display device using such a backlight module.


A vehicle window washer in which the pump outlet pressure is varied in an inverse manner with temperature of the washer fluid so as to maintain a more consistent fluid deposit on the window as fluid viscosity changes with temperature. In particular, it uses a motor driven pump which provides a higher pump outlet pressure with the motor driven in a first direction than with the motor driven in the opposite direction and switches activation of the motor between the two directions based on sensed temperature of the fluid in the washer fluid reservoir.

This invention relates to a window washer for a motor vehicle adapted to deposit a window washer fluid in a consistent position on a vehicle window regardless of washer fluid temperature. The vehicle window washer system is of the type in which the washer fluid is sprayed onto the window through a nozzle by a motor driven pump; and the spray or projection characteristics of the washer fluid are partially determined by the fluid's viscosity, which varies with ambient temperature. Since the washer fluid is projected by the nozzle through the air at the window and the fluid, while in the air, is affected by gravity, air currents and other environmental factors, the speed at which the individual droplets of washer fluid leave the nozzle partially determines the points at which they hit the window. The speed of the washer fluid droplets is determined by the fluid pressure at the nozzle and the viscosity of the fluid. With a substantially constant pump outlet pressure, there can be a significant difference in the deposit position or pattern on the window over the temperature range typical of motor vehicle operation.
The known prior art in the field of vehicle window washer and wiper systems does not deal directly with this problem. Kibler U.S. Pat. No. 3,286,932 discloses a "winter-summer" windshield washer system in which a valve is operable by the vehicle operator to select between two fluid supplies, one comprising a tank of washer liquid pumped by an electric motor for normal windshield cleaning and the other comprising a tank of alcohol/water pumped by compressed carbon dioxide for winter cleaning or removal of bugs, etc. However, this prior art does not discuss or propose apparatus which automatically corrects for temperature induced variations in the viscosity of the washer fluid. Another prior art publication, Keddle U.S. Pat. No. 3,591,887, shows a windshield washer with a pump fed through a selector valve to select hot or cold fluid for normal or defrosting applications; but this disclosure also does not show viscosity correction of the washer fluid. Temperature controls of washer fluid are also known, as in Merkle U.S. Pat. No. 3,243,119 and Rocchitelli U.S. Pat. No. 4,508,957; but these require additional fluid heating and piping apparatus.

Vehicle window washer with washer fluid temperature responsive pressure control


In order to drastically reduce the effort and time required for the alignment adjustment over a conventional case to significantly alleviate the work burden, a cross member-integrated trunnion bracket 20 includes a cross member 16 coupling left and right frames and a pair of trunnion brackets 19 integrally formed on lower faces at opposite ends of the cross member 16 to open downward and outward in a vehicle width direction. The trunnion brackets 19 have bosses 18 for pivotally supporting trunnion shafts.

FIGS. 1 to 3 show a so-called trunnion suspension dedicated to tandem axles and having a structure with a trunnion shaft 3 secured to frames 5 through trunnion brackets 4 between a pair of axles 1 and 2 arranged in a tandem along a front-rear direction, leaf springs 6 each being rotatably mounted at its central portion via a rotation base 7 over the trunnion shaft 3 to support the front- and rear-side axles 1 and 2 with opposite ends of the leaf spring 6, upper and lower rods 8 and 9 being arranged for retaining positions of the axles 1 and 2 in the front-rear direction.
A cross member 10 bridges the left and right frames 5 for reinforcement of the frames 5 at positions where the trunnion brackets 4 are secured. Upper rods 8 couple front and rear faces on a central portion of the cross member 10 to upper sides of central portions of the axles 1 and 2, respectively; lower rods 9 couple front and rear faces on lower ends of the trunnion brackets 4 to lower sides of opposite ends of the axles 1 and 2, respectively.
As a result, in such trunnion suspension, up-and-down movements of the front- and rear-side axles 1 and 2 are absorbed by the leaf springs 6; and forces in the front-rear direction are transmitted through the upper and lower rods 8 and 9 to the frames 5 with the leaf springs 6 rotating around the trunnion shaft 3. Thus, favorable driving over a bump is realized.
In the figures, reference numeral 11 denotes U-bolts for mounting the central portion of the leaf spring 6 on the rotation base 7; 12, mounts on the front and rear faces of the central portion of the cross member 10 for the upper rods 8; 13, mounts on the upper sides of the central portions of the axles 1 and 2 for the upper rods 8; 14, mounts on the front and rear faces at the lower ends of the trunnion brackets 4 for the lower rods 9; and 15, mounts on the lower sides at the opposite ends of the axles 1 and 2 for the lower rods 9.
Prior art documents related to this type of trunnion suspension are, for example, Patent Literatures 1 and 2.
Citation List
Patent Literature
[Patent Literature 1] Japanese Patent Publication7-266818A
[Patent Literature 2] Japanese Utility Model Publication 5-037511A

Cross member-integrated trunnion bracket


An R-type thread belongs to the field of fasteners. Both lateral sides of a thread tooth form are a first lead-in side angle line and a second lead-in side angle line respectively. The first lead-in side angle line and the second lead-in side angle line are connected through a transition line. The transition line is concaved in a direction away from a crest. The present technical solution overcomes the defect of the existing threads of being easy to get loose after assembled, providing the R-type thread which has the functions of resisting vibration and looseness.

Since the first industrial revolution, fasteners have been developed rapidly, and played a very important role in the boom of industry. However, all the existing fasteners have a fatal weakness, i.e., it would automatically loosen in severe vibration. Threads are indispensable in the modern society. Loosening of a fastener may cause damage and disintegration of a part of a device or a complete device, and more significantly, lead to a major safety accident. For example, US Boeing Company, by investigation, found that one of causes of frequent accidents of 737 passenger planes is fall-off of a bolt of an aircraft wing. During US Sports Aviation Expo in Sebring, Fla., USA, a fatal crash happened to a Remos GX airplane, and the crash was caused by unfastening of a fastener of an aileron, resulting in one photographer dead and a pilot seriously wounded. It was reported from JR West Japan Railway Company that because an aluminum casing fell off and flew away due to its screw being loose, the Train "Sakura No. 561", from Shin-Osaka to Kagoshima-chuo, hit the train, and went straight to power lines, causing short circuit and power failure.
Since fasteners appeared, scientists and engineers of many countries in the world have made numerous experiments and researches to delay the time of auto-loosening of the fasteners to a certain extent with a variety of methods, but the problem is not solved fundamentally. In the upcoming fourth industrial revolution, there will be higher demands for fasteners undoubtedly.
The loosening of threads is mainly due to a lateral clearance presented in engagement of the threads. When there is vibration, a basic element, "lead angle of thread", of the thread becomes the "loose angle of thread". In US, it has once proposed that a wedge-shaped thread, having a 30° angle with an axis, is made at a sharp corner of an inner tooth. Such a thread indeed improved the self-locking ability of the thread. But it can be seen from stress analysis that the thread has a great side force when stressed, especially at the initial stage of the stress. Local stress of a single tooth pattern is quite large, causing un-uniform stresses of teeth of the thread, therefore, the recycling of the fasteners has short life.

Dongguan Guanhong Hardware Technology Co., Ltd.


In a multitenant service, security of the entire service is guaranteed by logically separating data for each tenant, and performing control to prevent access to data of another tenant. In an operation of the multitenant service, there are some special cases in which an access to data of another tenant becomes necessary. Further, processing executable across tenants needs to be subjected to restrictions on an executor of the processing and a processing target in addition to restrictions on a processing content. In data access control of the multitenant service, a control operation to determine whether processing is executable across tenants for each API and a control operation to determine whether processing is executable across tenants according to tenant categories of the executor and the processing target are performed.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an access control method for a resource of a tenant different from an executor in a multitenant service.
2. Description of the Related Art
Conventionally, a web application has mainly taken a form for preparing and providing a dedicated server for each enterprise or organization of service delivery destination. However, the form for preparing the dedicated server for each delivery destination degrades cost efficiency. Therefore, in recent years, a form called a "multitenant service" for providing one and the same web application loaded on a shared server to a plurality of enterprises or organizations has been receiving plenty of attention. Here, the "tenant" means a unit of enterprise or organization to which services are to be provided with the conventional dedicated server.
As compared with a method for using a dedicated server for each tenant, the multitenant service is superior in terms of costs but has issues in terms of security. In the conventional form, since data which a tenant possesses is managed by the dedicated server for each tenant, and is physically separated, and as a result, a risk of data leakage is low. However, in the multitenant service, since data of a plurality of tenants is managed by a shared server, the data is not physically separated, and as a result, a risk of data leakage becomes high. Therefore, in the multitenant service, a mechanism for logically separating the data is essential in order to prevent data leakage among tenants.
For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2010-26653 discusses a method for using a tenant ID as a key for logically separating data. The multitenant service is realized by a method for associating the tenant ID with a user ID which is an attribute for identify the user, and similarly assigning the tenant ID also to the data which the tenant possesses. More specifically, this is an access control method for identifying the user ID as well as the tenant ID by a user authentication, and authorizing access to only the data to which the identical tenant ID has been assigned, during data access.
In the multitenant service, security of the entire service is guaranteed by logically separating the data for each tenant, and performing control so that data of other tenants cannot be accessed.
However, in an operation of the multitenant service, there are some special cases in which accesses to the data of other tenants become necessary.

Server system, control method, and storage medium for securely executing access to data of a tenant


A stepper-motor gas valve control is disclosed that includes a main diaphragm in a chamber that controllably displaces a valve relative to an opening in response to changes in pressure, to adjust fuel flow through the valve. A servo-regulator diaphragm is provided to regulate flow to the main diaphragm, to thereby control the rate of fuel flow. A stepper motor is configured to move in a stepwise manner to displace the servo-regulator diaphragm, to control fluid flow to the main diaphragm. A controller mounted on the stepper-motor regulated gas valve control receives and converts an input control signal from a heating system to a reference value between 0 and 5 volts, and selects a corresponding motor step value. The control responsively moves the stepper-motor in a step wise manner to displace the servo-regulator diaphragm and thereby regulates the rate of fuel flow through the valve.

The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not constitute prior art.
Typically, appliances that utilize a fuel such as natural gas (i.e., methane), propane, or similar gaseous hydrocarbons, supply a burner with a pressurized gas input regulated via a main valve. Ordinarily, the burner generates a substantial amount of heat such that the valve supplies fuel for operation of the burner only as needed. Yet, there are occasions when it is desirable to adjust the outlet pressure regulation of the burner supply valve of a gas appliance. These include changes in mode (i.e., changes in the desired intensity of the flame) and changes in the fuel type (e.g., a change from propane to methane). Published International Patent Application PCT/US1999/028982, published as WO/2001/031257 May 3, 2001, to Bauman, suggests a modulating solenoid approach typically used to vary valve positioning of a gas appliance. While such a valve approach has been used for some time with satisfactory results, the introduction of an entirely new valve design is likely to introduce severe regulatory difficulties. Proof of safe operation of a new approach to valve design would require substantial development costs and testing.


A martensitic stainless steel with high hardness and high corrosion resistance consists of, by weight %, 0.35 to 0.45% of C, not more than 0.2% of Si, not more than 0.3% of Mn, not more than 0.02% of P, not more than 0.02% of S, 15 to 17% of Cr, 1.5 to 2.5% of Mo, 0.001 to 0.003% of B, 0.15 to 0.25% of N, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a martensitic stainless steel that has superior corrosion resistance as well as superior cold workability and hot workability, and therefore the stainless steel is unlikely to crack during forging and has high levels of strength.
2. Description of the Related Art
A martensitic stainless steel, such as SUS440A, SUS440B, SUS440C and the like, is conventionally used for bearings, such as slide bearings and antifriction bearings, gears, bolts, dies, punches, cutting tools, etc., which require high hardness and wear resistance. This kind of stainless steel is disclosed in, for example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Laid-open No.2002-256397.
The above-mentioned martensitic stainless steels, such as SUS440A, SUS440B and SUS440C, include a large amount of carbon in order to achieve high hardness after heat treatment. Therefore, in comparison with an austenitic stainless steel such as SUS304 and SUS316, these martensitic stainless steels are inferior in corrosion resistance, and tend to rust when exposed for long time to an environment with large amount of moisture and/or salt. Moreover, because these martensitic stainless steels include a large amount of carbon, cracks may occur in forging or after quenching or sub-zero treatment. A coating treatment on a surface may be used as a means for preventing rust, but in some cases, adhesion of the coating material to the base material is low, or the production cost is increased.
Since eutectic carbides are generated in the above-described martensitic stainless steels, cold workability and corrosion resistance of the martensitic stainless steels are inferior to those of an austenitic stainless steel such as SUS316.
Antifriction bearings may be used in a corrosive environment. For example, antifriction bearings for submersible pumps, fishing reels, and the like, may suffer adhesion of moisture or salt. Accordingly, the material of such antifriction bearings is required to have high corrosion resistance in addition to high hardness. In this case, a corrosion-resistant stainless steel like SUS440C is commonly used. However, as described before, although the SUS440C is a stainless steel achieving high hardness after heat treatment, it still has low corrosion resistance when compared to the austenitic stainless steel such as SUS304 and SUS316. Therefore, if SUS440C is subjected to the above-described corrosive environment for long time, rust will occur, and the bearing life will be decreased.

Martensitic stainless steel and antifriction bearing using the same


An axle (30) supports both a nozzle plenum (18) and a plurality lower tubes (28) that telescope into a plurality of upper tubes (26). The nozzle plenum (18) is moved vertically up and down between various operating positions as the tubes (26, 28) telescope into and out of one another to accommodate the changing longitudinal configuration of a vehicle and the nozzle plenum (18) may be rotated about the axle (30) to efficiently direct air against the contour of the vehicle.

1. Field of the Invention
The subject invention relates to an assembly for blowing liquids from the surface of a vehicle in a car wash.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Assemblies for blowing liquids from a vehicle typically include a support plenum for distributing air and a nozzle system including a nozzle for directing air toward the top of a vehicle. Examples of such assemblies are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,421,102; 5,901,461 and 5,960,564, all in the name of McElroy et al and assigned to the assignee of the subject invention.
Many assemblies include an air delivery conduit interconnecting the plenum and the nozzle system for delivering air from the plenum to the nozzle system while allowing the nozzle system to move in an adjustment direction toward and away from the plenum between various vertical-operating positions. Examples of such systems are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 2,440,157 to Rousseau and U.S. Pat. No. 3,765,104 to Takeuchi. Yet other assemblies rotate the nozzle to different directions as the vehicle moves therepast. Examples of such assemblies are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,279,093 to Dutton; U.S. Pat. No. 4,730,401 to Machin; U.S. Pat. No. 5,367,739 to Johnson; U.S. Pat. No. 5,596,818 to Jones; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,749,161 to Jones.
An assembly to improve the delivery of air to a vehicle is disclosed and claimed in the aforesaid related application Ser. No. 09/849,165 filed May 4, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,519,872 granted Feb. 18, 2003. The subject invention is in further perfection of that inventive combination.
The invention provides an assembly for blowing liquids from a vehicle comprising a support plenum for distributing air to a nozzle depending from a nozzle plenum for directing air toward the top of a vehicle. An upper tube 26 is movably supported by the support plenum for movement into and out of the support plenum and a lower tube 28 is in telescoping relationship within the interior of the upper tube 26 for delivering air from the support plenum to the nozzle plenum while allowing the nozzle plenum to move vertically in an adjustment direction toward and away from the support plenum between various operating positions. An axle supports the nozzle plenum for rotary movement relative to the lower tube 28 about the axle as the axle extends through the lower tube 28 for raising the nozzle plenum and telescoping the lower tube 28 into the upper tube 26 and the upper tube 26 into the support plenum during vertical movement between the various operating positions. The nozzle plenum may be moved up and down to accommodate the changing longitudinal configuration of a vehicle while the nozzle plenum may be rotated about the axle to efficiently direct air against the contour of the vehicle.
Accordingly, the subject invention provides a unique combination of components that are efficiently manufactured, assembled and operated in a cost-effective manner to provide an effective assembly for removing water from the tops of vehicles.

Retractable overhead nozzle system for car wash blower


A straddle packer has a multicomponent mandrel with an active mandrel component. A pressure cylinder module reciprocates in opposite directions within a limited range over the active mandrel component. When fluid is pumped through a tubing string into the straddle packer, a piston of the pressure cylinder module is urged in one direction along an axis of the active mandrel component while a cylinder wall of the pressure cylinder module is urged in an opposite direction along the axis to simultaneously compress spaced-apart packers of the straddle packer to a packer set condition.

Wellbore pressure isolation tools, commonly referred to as "straddle packers", are known and used to pressure isolate a downhole area of interest in a cased or open hydrocarbon wellbore for the purpose of what is known as focused or precision well stimulation or remediation. Straddle packers designed for this purpose are well known, but their use has been associated with operational issues that frequently render them unreliable. Applicant therefore invented a fluid-set straddle packer with a modular pressure cylinder that uses pumped fluid pressure to simultaneously set the packer elements of the straddle packer. It has since been discovered that a single pressure cylinder module is capable of simultaneously setting the packer elements of a straddle packer under any workable downhole pressure condition. This permits the straddle packer to be shortened in length without loss of operability, which is a distinct advantage in long, highly-diverted lateral well bores, as understood by any person skilled in the art.
There therefore exists a need for a novel straddle packer with fluid pressure packer set and velocity bypass that includes only one pressure cylinder module.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Straddle packer with fluid pressure packer set and velocity bypass


An imagery processing system determines alternative pixel color values for pixels of captured imagery where the alternative pixel color values are obtained from alternative sources. A main imagery capture device, such as a camera, captures main imagery such as still images and/or video sequences, of a live action scene. Alternative devices capture imagery of the live action scene, in some spectra and form, and that alternative imagery is processed to provide user-selectable alternatives for pixel ranges from the main imagery.

In modern digital imagery creation (still images, video sequences of frames of images), there is often a desire to change from what is captured by a camera to convey something different. This might be the case where a camera captures a scene in which two actors are acting and later a content creator determines that the presence of one of the actors is to be removed from the captured video to result in a video sequence where the removed actor is not present and instead the video sequence shows what was behind the removed actor, a computer-generated character or object takes the place of the removed actor, or for other reasons.
Viewer expectations are that artifacts of the removal from a captured video sequence not be readily apparent. Simply removing the pixels corresponding to the removed character would leave a blank spot in the video. Simply replacing those pixels with a generic background would leave artifacts at the boundary between pixels that were part of the removed character and pixels nearby. With sufficient time, effort and computing power, an artist might manually "paint" the pixels in each frame of the video where the removed character was, but that can be time consuming and tedious to get it to where viewers do not perceive an artifact of the removal.
Tools for more simply performing manipulation of imagery data would be useful.

Scene capture for reconstruction of obscured views