The first-stage buckets have airfoil profiles substantially in accordance with Cartesian coordinate values of X, Y and Z set forth in Table I wherein Z is a perpendicular distance from a plane normal to a radius of the turbine centerline and containing the X and Y values with the Z value commencing at zero in the X, Y plane at the radially innermost aerodynamic section of the airfoil and X and Y are coordinates defining the airfoil profile at each distance Z. The X, Y and Z values may be scaled as a function of the same constant or number to provide a scaled-up or scaled-down airfoil section for the bucket.

The present invention relates to a turbine bucket for a gas turbine stage and particularly relates to a first-stage turbine bucket airfoil profile.
In recent years, advanced gas turbines have trended toward increasing firing temperatures and efforts to improve cooling of the various turbine components. In a particular gas turbine design developed by General Electric Company, a high output turbine that uses a combination of steam and air cooling to meet a 60% combined cycle efficiency is undergoing development. It will be appreciated that the design and construction of the turbine buckets and particularly the buckets of the first turbine stage of that turbine require optimized aerodynamic efficiency, as well as aerodynamic and mechanical bucket loading. Additionally, the interaction between the stages of the turbine is a factor in determining the overall turbine efficiency.
General Electric Company has developed an optimal first-stage turbine bucket airfoil profile to achieve a 60% combined cycle efficiency in producing 50Hz electrical power in what has become known as the MS9001 turbine system. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,461,110. Efforts have been made to achieve a 60% cycle combined cycle efficiency in generating 60 Hz electrical power. Meeting system requirements of efficiency and loading in such a first stage turbine bucket in a high output (400MW) turbine producing 60 Hz electrical power, such as the MS7001H turbine developed by General Electric Company, has become a challenge. An airfoil profile that meets the efficiency and stage loading goals of the turbine while avoiding undesirable and even potentially unsafe vibration leading to blade fatigue failure has yet to be achieved.
In one aspect, there is provided a turbine bucket having a bucket airfoil in an envelope within xc2x10.100 inches in a direction normal to any bucket surface location wherein the bucket airfoil has an uncoated nominal profile substantially in accordance with Cartesian coordinates values of X, Y and Z set forth in Table I carried only to three decimal places wherein Z is a perpendicular distance from a plane normal to a radius emanating from the turbine centerline and containing the X and Y values with the Z value commencing at zero in the X, Y plane at the radially innermost aerodynamic section and X and Y are coordinates defining the profile at each distance Z, the profiles at the Z distances being joined smoothly with one another to form the complete bucket airfoil shape.
In another aspect, there is provided a turbine bucket having a bucket airfoil shape in an envelope within xc2x10.100 inches in a direction normal to any airfoil surface location wherein the airfoil has an uncoated nominal profile substantially in accordance with Cartesian coordinates values of X, Y and Z set forth in Table I carried only to three decimal places wherein Z is a perpendicular distance from a plane normal to a radius emanating from the turbine centerline and containing the X and Y values with the Z value commencing at zero in the X, Y plane at the radially innermost aerodynamic section of the airfoil and X and Y are coordinates defining the airfoil profile at each distance Z, the profiles at the Z distances being joined smoothly with one another to form the complete airfoil shape.
In another aspect, there is provided a turbine bucket having an uncoated nominal airfoil profile substantially in accordance with Cartesian coordinates values of X, Y and Z set forth in Table I carried only to three decimal places wherein Z is a perpendicular distance from a plane normal to a radius emanating from the turbine centerline and containing the X and Y values with the Z value commencing at zero in the X, Y plane at the radially innermost aerodynamic section of the airfoil and X and Y are coordinates defining the airfoil profile at each distance Z, the profiles at the Z distances being joined smoothly with one another to form the complete airfoil bucket shape, the X, Y and Z values being scaled as a function of the same constant or number to provide a scaled-up or scaled-down bucket airfoil.
In another aspect, there is provided a turbine comprising a turbine wheel having a plurality of buckets, each of said buckets having an airfoil shape in an envelope within xc2x10.100 inches in a direction normal to any bucket airfoil surface location wherein the airfoil has an uncoated nominal profile substantially in accordance with Cartesian coordinates values of X, Y and Z set forth in Table I carried only to three decimal places wherein Z is a perpendicular distance from a plane normal to a radius emanating from the turbine centerline and containing the X and Y values with the Z value commencing at zero in the X, Y plane at the radially innermost aerodynamic section of the airfoil and X and Y are coordinates defining the airfoil profile at each distance Z, the profiles at the Z distances being joined smoothly with one another to form the complete airfoil shape.
In a another aspect, there is provided a turbine comprising a turbine wheel having a plurality of buckets, each of said buckets having an uncoated nominal airfoil profile substantially in accordance with Cartesian coordinates values of X, Y and Z set forth in Table I carried only to three decimal places wherein Z is a perpendicular distance from a plane normal to a radius emanating from the turbine centerline and containing the X and Y values with the Z value commencing at zero in the X, Y plane at the radially innermost aerodynamic section of the airfoil and X and Y are coordinates defining the airfoil profile at each distance Z, the profiles at the Z distances being joined smoothly with one another to form the complete airfoil shape, the X, Y and Z values being scaled as a function of the same constant or number to provide a scaled-up or scaled-down bucket.

First-stage high pressure turbine bucket airfoil


A massage glove and a vehicle-mounted massage device are provided. The massage glove includes a glove body, at least one acupuncture point massager and a controller. The acupuncture point massager is arranged on the glove body at a position corresponding to an acupuncture point on a hand. The acupuncture point massager is configured to massage the acupuncture point so as to relieve a physical fatigue of a user. The controller is configured to output a control signal to the acupuncture point massager, so as to enable the acupuncture point massager in accordance with the control signal.

Currently, traffic accidents due to fatigue driving happen occasionally. Especially when a driver is driving on highway, due to a dull environment, less interference, constant speed, few noises and vibration frequency, the driver may easily fall asleep. At this time, it is difficult for the driver to make judgment and decision normally, and any slight error may cause a serious traffic accident,
Hence, how to prevent and relieve driving fatigue is very important to the driving security and has become the issue of wide concerns.

Massage glove and vehicle-mounted massage device

BOE OPTICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.


According to one embodiment, methods and systems are disclosed for converting multi-media content to multiple deliverable formats using a conversion workflow. For example, a single source content file can be captured and a plurality of deliverable content files can be derived from the single source content file. Each of the plurality of deliverable content files can be in a format specific to a different distribution channel. That is, a single source media file can be used to automatically build one or more distribution files for a particular channel or channels. Furthermore, the distribution files can be built including logos, branding, open/close graphics, ratings, promo material, etc. The inclusion of these elements can be based on a common set of business rules defining, for example, what elements should be included in different types of distribution files.

Embodiments of the present invention relate generally to distribution of content and more particularly to generation and distribution of multi-media content over a variety of channels.
Content providers typically manage and distribute a number of content assets such as multi-media programs, e.g., movies, television programs, etc. The content provider may make these assets available via any one or more of a variety of different channels such as the Internet, satellite or terrestrial broadcast, cable transmission, etc. to a number of subscribers or users. However, each distribution channel may have different format, protocol, or other requirements that may or may not be directly compatible with the source of the content asset. To prepare content for distribution via these different channels is typically a highly labor intensive process in which content components are manually collected and assembled into a finished content file for distribution. For example, in order for a content provider to generate a deliverable content file, a human operator must collect various components such as a video track, one or more audio tracks, close captioning information, and various other components appropriate for the deliverable file and the channel for which it is distributed. Such a process is expensive, time consuming, and subject to human error.
Multi-media content distributed by a content provider can include audio portions with audio tracks that vary from quiet to loud throughout the length of the content. For example, an action movie can include very loud portions involving fights, explosions, car chases, etc. as well as quieter portions. However, extremes in audio volume can be annoying or undesirable to users or consumers of the content. One approach to reducing these extremes in volume is to implement an automatic volume control on the end device playing the content. In such implementations, the end device, such as a television, can automatically adjust the volume of the audio to reduce or control extreme changes in the audio level. However, not all devices are so equipped. Thus, another approach has been for the content provider to attempt to normalize the audio level of a deliverable content file. This process involves sampling the audio level of the content file at fixed times throughout the audio track and normalizing the audio level of the entire audio track based on the collection of samples. However, results of such a process can be easily skewed by audio tracks having a significant portion thereof containing very loud audio, e.g., action movies, or having a significant portion thereof containing very quiet audio, e.g., drama movies.
Hence, there is a need in the art for improved methods and systems for generating and distributing multi-media content over a variety of channels. There is also a need in the art for improved methods and systems for normalizing an audio level of the multi-media content.

Media build for multi-channel distribution


A machine tool has a machine tool body (3), a spindle (1) having a supporting portion (2) and being rotatably supported by the machine tool body (3), and a tool holder (5) having an inserting portion (6) attached to the supporting portion (2). A coating layer (10) made of a hard material including titanium is provided on the supporting portion (2) of the spindle (1) and/or the inserting portion (6) of the tool holder (5).

This invention relates to a machine tool and in particular relates to an improved tool holder and/or spindle in a machine tool.
In general, a spindle of a machine tool has a supporting portion for a tool holder. An inserting portion of the tool holder is inserted into the supporting portion so that the tool holder is attached to the spindle. An outer surface of the inserting portion is covered by a layer made of a cemented and hardened steel, hard chromeplating, or other cemented metals.
Many tool holders are often exchanged between the spindle and a tool magazine by means of a tool changer. When the inserting portion of the tool holder engages the supporting portion of the spindle and a supporting portion of the tool magazine, some friction is produced between them so that the inserting portion of the tool holder is apt to be easily worn. For such a reason, it becomes incomplete to attach the tool holder to the spindle and/or the tool magazine. In other words, the life time of the tool holder is short.


The invention relates to a method for recording a bar code comprising a plurality of base elements. A reading device generates a sequence of partially overlapping images which together reproduce the bar code. Images are analysed to produce information which describes the positions of the base elements in each image. The bar code is then reconstructed by putting together information that has been extracted from the subimages, so that the contents of the bar code can be interpreted. In reconstruction, the position information and the images are used. By using the image information, the putting together process can be made less calculation-intensive. The invention also relates to a corresponding device and a corresponding computer program.

A method for recording a bar code, in which a reading device captures a sequence of images of the bar code, successive images being partially overlapping, is described in WO 01/93183. This method comprises finding edges in the images and finding the most probable displacement of succeeding images in order to enable reconstruction of the bar code.
In such a method, the reconstruction of the bar code occurs on the basis of the edges of the bars.
Such a method is mainly suitable for recording one-dimensional bar codes.
Another conceivable method is instead to put together subimages of a bar code pixel by pixel, for example by means of two-dimensional correlation, but in practice this method is too calculation-intensive.


A fluidic oscillator includes a vortex chamber in fluid communication with a flow volume, an outlet, a first control port, and a second control port. The flow volume is defined by a first wall and a second wall. The first wall and the second wall are arranged to direct a fluid flow to create a vortex flow in the vortex chamber. The pressure differential cycles the attachment of fluid flow between the first wall and the second wall at a cycle rate. Because the fluidic oscillator can operate at a low cycle rate, the fluidic oscillator can provide an extended reach.

Wells are drilled to facilitate the extraction of hydrocarbons or other resources from a formation. During the life of the well, well intervention operations can be performed, such as removing deposits from near the wellbore or stimulating the formation.
Fluidic oscillators can be used for such well intervention operations. Further, during the drilling and casing of a well, fluidic oscillators can be used to decrease friction experienced by the drill string during drilling. However, one drawback of conventional fluidic oscillators is that conventional fluidic oscillators may operate at high frequencies, high differential pressure, and may not produce sufficiently high pressure pulse amplitude. During operation, the pressure pulses created by conventional fluidic oscillators may not effectively travel long distances, limiting the range of effectiveness of conventional fluidic oscillators.
Examples of conventional fluidic oscillators include those disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,418,725, 8,646,483, and 8,863,835. However, in each of these devices, a structure is located within the central flow chamber, thus dividing the chamber into two discrete and physically separated channels. This configuration leads to higher frequency oscillations, which may be undesirable for the reasons explained above.
Additionally, in some applications, conventional fluidic oscillators can require relatively high pressure differentials to operate.
Therefore, what is needed is an apparatus, system or method that addresses one or more of the foregoing issues, among one or more other issues.


An example hard disk drive (HDD) comprising a magnetic disk and a ramp within the HDD is disclosed. A slit is disposed between a ramp body and a flange.

Hard disk drives (HDD) are widely used in many devices today. HDDs often require a high level of impact resistance such that they do not break when dropped. If a hard disk drive is dropped and the disks within the drive physically break or become deformed, the hard disk drive may be rendered useless.


Systems, methods, and computer program products to perform an operation comprising receiving, from a video monitoring system, a count of people detected at a first location, wherein the video monitoring system comprises a camera configured to capture video of the first location, receiving a count of wireless devices detected in a second location, and applying a first correction factor to the count of wireless devices detected at the second location to determine a number of people present in the second location, wherein the first correction factor is based on the count of people detected by the video monitoring system and a count of wireless devices in the first location.

Wireless connections established by mobile devices are often used to estimate the number of people in a specific area, such as a conference room, floor of a building, or section of a retail store. However, these estimates are often bloated by people who carry multiple wireless devices and wireless devices carried by people who are external to a building (but are able to connect to wireless access points inside the building). These factors cause wireless analytics solutions to report person counts that are higher than the number of people who are actually present in the area of interest. Similarly, using wireless devices to count people omits those people who are not carrying wireless devices. Modern video systems are able to accurately count people using a virtual "trip wire" that counts people crossing the trip wire overlaid on the video. However, providing video cameras in all locations of a store is costly.
To facilitate understanding, identical reference numerals have been used, where possible, to designate identical elements that are common to the figures. It is contemplated that elements disclosed in one embodiment may be beneficially utilized on other embodiments without specific recitation.

Video count to improve wireless analytics estimates


An apparatus and method for video watermarking are provided. The apparatus and method include receiving a bit stream encoded by a video encoder by a spatial domain information analyzer and extracting information from a spatial domain of an image with respect to code words forming the bit stream, grouping the code words for each segmented domain by a domain classifier based on the information from the spatial domain, determining a sign of the each segmented domain by a domain sign determiner and inserting a watermark in the each segmented domain according to the sign determined by the domain sign determiner by a watermark bit inserter.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a video watermarking apparatus and method. More particularly, the present invention relates to an apparatus and method of watermarking a video in a compression domain, substantially resisting recompression of the video.
2. Description of the Related Art
Generally, due to the widespread use of digital media and various multimedia data transmission and storage devices, and the development of authoring tools, multimedia data may be easily copied and distributed via a network. Therefore, new services are being provided. However, a problem of adequately protecting the copyright of the digital media has seriously escalated.
Watermarking is used for protecting the copyright of digital media. Watermarking is a method of inserting a watermark, which is a signature of an author or information identifying the author, into the digital media. The watermark is to solve the problem of protecting the copyright of the digital media by inserting the watermark into the digital media so that when a problem of proving copyright infringement occurs, the watermark may be extracted to show proof of copyright ownership.
Methods of watermarking may be classified into a method of watermarking in a spatial domain, and a method of watermarking in a compression domain.
Since various algorithms may be applied to conventional methods of watermarking in the spatial domain, it has the merit of substantially resisting various attacks.
However, most video is encoded while stored and transmitted. Therefore, to apply the method of watermarking in the spatial domain, an entire encoded video has to be decoded and the decoded video has to be encoded again after inserting a watermark into the decoded video. This presents a cumbersome problem of inserting the watermark and encoding the decoded video again. Also, there is a large amount of computation required by a process of decoding the entire video.
As a method of reducing the large amount of computation, watermarking in the compression domain is provided, which operates in a bit stream of the compression domain. However, in conventional methods of watermarking in the compression domain, since a watermark is directly inserted into/extracted from an encoded discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficient, there is a problem of being relatively ineffective against a recompression attack of a video.
As representative examples of conventional methods of watermarking in a compression domain, there are Hartung, Cox, and Langelaar methods. The Hartung method, disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,915,027, has a disadvantage of requiring a large amount of computation because a very complex circuit is required for preventing error propagation and an increase of bit rates.
In the Cox method, disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,915,027, since an inserted watermark affects only frequency features of data in a compression domain, it is subject to a simple and effective attack when there is a change in bit rates and frame structures. Also, recompression of a video and additional computation caused by shaping of the watermark is required.
In the Langelaar method, mentioned in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,768,980 and 6,748,362, very quick computation is possible in a compression domain but there is a disadvantage of having a structure that is very weak in a recompression of a video.
Accordingly, there is a need for an improved apparatus and method for inserting a video watermark in a compression domain.

Method and apparatus for inserting video watermark in compression domain


A diverter valve for bulk solids is disclosed. The valve has a single inlet and two or more outlets, preferable three. Two pivotal gate valves are used for three outlets so that one is open and two are closed. The valve includes a novel pivotal gate structure which includes a resilient planar component sandwiched between two rigid planar components. The resilient component engages the valve housing so as to avoid metal to metal contact. The invention also includes a seal bar on each side of the housing which presents a linear surface that is perpendicular to the plane of the gate structure so as to present a firm surface against which the gate structure seals. The seal bars for each gate structure are discontinuous so as to accommodate positioning of the other gate structure in a smooth non-deformed sealing relationship to the housing. Additional seal bars engage the top and sides of each gate structure when moved to a “closed” position.

This invention relates generally to valves for handling bulk solids and particularly to a pivotal gate valve of the type used in gravity flow applications to divert solid material from one pathway to another.
One or more pivotal diverter valves are utilized in handling bulk solids to direct material between alternate pathways. The problem that has heretofore been encountered, however, is that valves of this type do not seal tightly and some leakage of material occurs around the periphery of the valve gate structure. Also, with traditional diverter gate valves, the leading edge of the gate structure is subject to abrasion from falling material since there is no structure to protect it.


A female coupling member of a pipe coupling is provided with a cap-like retainer removably mounted thereon and having an inner tapered surface. A male coupling member includes a cylindrical portion inserted into an axial bore in the female coupling member and a split elastic cotter ring retained on the cylindrical portion. When the male coupling member is pulled back, the cotter ring is brought into engagement with the tapered surface of the cap-like retainer to couple the coupling members to each other.

There has been known heretofore a pipe coupling comprising female and male coupling members threadedly connected to each other (see Japanese Utility Model Public Disclosure Sho No. 60-127185). Such a pipe coupling is of simple structure and is easy to manufacture but it is difficult to use the coupling in a narrow space because the operation of connection of the female and male coupling members to each other cannot be easily performed.
There has also been known a steel ball type of pipe coupling in which a female coupling member is provided with a plurality of tapered holes formed at the inner periphery of a connector portion thereof for receiving steel balls and a male coupling member is provided with a groove formed therein for receiving the balls projected from their retracted position in the holes when the male coupling member is inserted into the connector portion of the female coupling member. A special machine is required to machine the tapered holes in the female coupling member and this will make the coupling more expensive. In addition, the groove in the male coupling member is liable to be deformed due to excessive local stress resulting from point-contacts between the steel balls and the groove. This results in a short life of the pipe coupling.


A wireless access node serves a wireless User Equipment (UE) over a Primary Component Carrier (PCC) and Secondary Component Carriers (SCCs). The wireless access node receives a report from the wireless UE indicating radio frequency bands and their received signal strengths. The wireless access node identifies the radio frequency bands that have adequate received signal strength. The wireless access node determines amounts of Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) layers for the identified radio frequency bands. The wireless access node selects one of the identified radio frequency bands that has a larger amount of the MIMO layers. The wireless access node exchanges user data and network signaling with the wireless UE over the selected frequency band to serve the PCC to the UE. The wireless access node transfers additional user data to the UE to serve the SCCs to the UE.

A wireless access node serves a wireless User Equipment (UE) over a Primary Component Carrier (PCC) and Secondary Component Carriers (SCCs). The wireless access node receives a report from the wireless UE indicating radio frequency bands and their received signal strengths. The wireless access node identifies the radio frequency bands that have adequate received signal strength. The wireless access node determines amounts of Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) layers for the identified radio frequency bands. The wireless access node selects one of the identified radio frequency bands that has a larger amount of the MIMO layers. The wireless access node exchanges user data and network signaling with the wireless UE over the selected frequency band to serve the PCC to the UE. The wireless access node transfers additional user data to the UE to serve the SCCs to the UE.

Primary component carrier control in a wireless access node that uses multiple radio frequency bands


A resin composition comprising a polyphenylene ether produced by polymerizing a monomer component consisting of 100 parts by weight of 2,6-dimethylphenol and 0.5 to 7.5 parts by weight of o-cresol in the presence of both a catalyst and an oxygen-containing gas and a flame retardant. When the polyphenylene ether has a molecular weight distribution of 2.8 to 8.0, the resulting resin composition is more excellent in flame retardance, particularly anti-dripping properties in burning. The resin composition is applicable to not only electric and electronic applications necessitating high flame retardance but also other fields of application of polyphenylene ether resins.

Polyphenylene ether resins have been known to be very useful engineering plastic materials because of their good mechanical properties, electric properties and thermal resistance. Electric machines and appliances used at home have been strongly required to have high flame retardancy in order to prevent an accident such as a fire and an electric shock caused thereby. According to an increasing demand for electric machines and appliances, the demand for plastic materials used in this field having a high flame retardancy also has been increasing.
Various methods for imparting a flame retardant property to a polyphenylene ether resin have been proposed. For example, there have been proposed methods for adding halogen compounds or phosphorus compounds such as a phosphate ester. However, a halogen compound generates fumes or a corrosive hydrogen halide in a molding process, and in some cases causes problems of toxicity and to the environment. Moreover, the conventionally proposed methods disadvantageously deteriorate the impact resistance and high heat deflection temperature inherent in a polyphenylene ether resin.
It is known that the addition of an aromatic phosphate ester imparts an efficient self-extinguishing property to a resin composition. Such a self-extinguishing resin composition, however, often has been disqualified at V-0 or V-1 in the UL94 burning test because of dripping from a specimen during or after burning or luminous burning thereof. Even a resin composition which satisfies the V-0 level, can be disqualified at the 5V level of UL94 test, i.e., a plaque test.
It is known that a composition with flame retardancy and anti-dripping properties can be obtained by adding polytetrafluoroethylene resin (which will hereinafter be abbreviated as "PTFE") to a polyphenylene ether resin as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,107,232 and 4,332,714 and JP-A-59-98158 (the term "JP-A" used herein means an unexamined Japanese patent publication"). PTFE is known to provide great improvement in the anti-dripping properties and friction properties of a thermoplastic resin by it being added in a small amount to the thermoplastic resin.
Generally, when PTFE is added to a thermoplastic resin, both are kneaded at a temperature lower than the melting point of PTFE, since the melting point of PTFE is higher than the processing temperature of the thermoplastic resin. PTFE is easily fiberized or agglomerated by the shearing forces created. Therefore, the PTFE kneaded into the thermoplastic resin is fiberized and forms a network therein so that effects such as anti-dripping properties are exhibited. However, that PTFE is easy to fiberize or agglomerate makes the handling of PTFE difficult, and various methods for improving the handling thereof have been proposed. For example, JP-A-10-30046 discloses a method comprising treating the PTFE with a dispersant agent such as a higher fatty acid before use.
PTFE usually has a powdery form, and therefore, if it used in the form of powder, it disperses and pollutes working areas. When it is mixed with a thermoplastic resin or fed to an extruder, PTFE causes, as a result of its above-mentioned properties, a blocking phenomenon wherein the PTFE agglomerates and adheres to the wall of a feeding apparatus or an extruder which makes stable feeding and kneading difficult, and clogs a filter located at the die head of the extruder and obstructs extrusion. When a resin composition obtained thereby is molded, the resultant molded article often has agglomerates of PTFE on its surface because of the poor dispersibility of the PTFE, causing problems such as deterioration of its impact resistance.
On the other hand, in order to improve the handling of PTFE, investigation of pelletized compositions containing PTFE at a high concentration has been made and such a granular PTFE composition has been disclosed in various documents such as JP-A-9-324124, JP-A-9-324071, JP-A-9-324072, JP-A-9-324073, JP-A-9-324074, JP-A-9-324092 and JP-A-9-324093. However, the PTFE disclosed in these documents does not have enough dispersibility, and is difficult to extrusion knead for a long time and it inhibits performance of the resin composition.
As described above, the prior art for imparting flame retardancy to a polyphenylene ether resin has problems such difficulty in handling and insufficient flame retardancy. Moreover, PTFE used to inhibit dripping upon burning has many problems in physical properties such as poor handling property and adhesion to processing apparatus. Thus, improvement has been required.


Provided herein are an electronic device and a method for controlling the electronic device, the electronic device including a display including a main display area arranged on a front surface of the electronic device and a sub display area that extends from one side of the main display area and arranged on at least one area of a rear surface of the electronic device; a receiver including audio output circuitry configured to output audio received from an external terminal; a display antenna located on one or more of the main display area and the sub display area, and configured to perform communication with an external terminal; and a processor configured to control the display antenna based on a network state or a type of an application being executed.

Field
Apparatuses and methods of the present disclosure relate generally to an electronic device, and a method for controlling the electronic device, and for example, to an electronic device that includes a display antenna, and a method for controlling the electronic device.
Description of Related Art
Due to the advancement of electronic technologies, various types of electronic devices are being used. Especially, a half round display is being developed, which is a type of display that is expanded up to the rear surface of an electronic device by out bending.
In the case of such an electronic device, the ratio of the size area of the display to the size area of the electronic device is increased, thereby increasing the size area from which a user may view the display. On the other hand, this reduces the space to place a conventional antenna, which is a problem.
That is, it is necessary to come up with a method to arrange an antenna in an electronic device that has a display expanded on not only the front surface but also on the rear surface of the electronic device.

Electronic device and method for controlling the electronic device thereof


Systems and methods for detecting counterfeit integrated circuits are provided. One exemplary embodiment of a method can include: providing an integrated circuit for testing; and characterizing capacitive and inductive loading of the integrated circuit power for a specified frequency range; wherein the characterizing step further comprises applying a low level alternating current to a power pin while measuring for capacitance characterization conditions created by the integrated circuit's internal capacitance and inductance responses, wherein by sweeping the alternating current signal across a specified frequency range one or more capacitance related device signature can be created and used to identify a component as originating from a trusted source or not. A system can include components and machine readable instructions for operating the components using exemplary methods. Exemplary embodiments can include automated systems that can also be used with the device signature on a production line or in a supply chain verification location.

Integrated circuit (IC) testing can focus on specification based electrical testing which is labor intensive to prepare, requires costly automated test equipment (ATE), and takes a considerable amount of time, e.g., weeks or months, to execute. Full electrical specification testing at temperature can be used for counterfeit part detection. Such testing is expensive in both time and cost and may not be the most effective screening method to detect die substitution in which the counterfeit meets the manufacturer's specifications.
Data from a "Golden Device" can be used as a part of an effort to find outliers in a histogram. This approach works fairly well if a "Golden Device" from the same lot and foundry is available and enough parts are tested to enable good statistical histograms. These conditions are often not met when screening "older" out of production devices.
Systems can be based solely on acquisition of input/output (I/O) pin current-to-voltage (IV) curves that are compared to a "Golden Device" database. A common problem with these simple methods of acquisition and comparison is that they are generally not good at accounting for normal manufacturing process variations which can vary with manufacturer processes and foundries. They also tend to focus on a single stress indicator, such as I/O shift due to electrostatic discharge (ESD). Thus, such approaches do not represent comprehensive evaluation methods. An improvement is required in order to address supply chain participant needs and offer various advantages necessary to advance the state of the art.
The present invention embodiment relates to counterfeit microelectronics detection that includes approaches based on capacitive and inductive signatures. Existing approaches to counterfeit screening solutions do not offer such a capability and do not consider how to screen parts that pass electrical test, but are not from a legitimate manufacturer. Existing solutions focus on physical characteristics such as material compositions, which are not effective when evaluating an enclosed die. Full electrical test is also ineffective if a counterfeit component meets the original manufacturer's specifications or results are needed in a timely manner.
One exemplary embodiment of the invention can include counterfeit, defective, or suspect microelectronics detection by utilizing power pin based characterization of capacitive and inductive signatures across a specific frequency range using a precision impedance analyzer. Advantages associated with an embodiment of the invention include a major shift in testing paradigms by use of power pin capacitive and inductive signatures utilizing impedance measurement techniques for counterfeit part screening. One exemplary embodiment of the invention includes a method that offers easier implementation than current means, is rapidly executable, and very effective in distinguishing particular classes of counterfeits including those in which the silicon die is not from an authorized, attributed, or correct manufacturer/supplier, is being passed off as new, misrepresented as one thing when it is another ((e.g., an item is used, remarked, salvaged, wrong die, aged, damaged, unauthorized modifications, etc when the item is characterized as new, from an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) or foundry directly, etc), in a particular condition when it is not so, or is noticeably different electrically than the desired application requires.
Additional features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the following detailed description of the illustrative embodiment exemplifying the best mode of carrying out the invention as presently perceived.

Counterfeit microelectronics detection based on capacitive and inductive signatures

The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Navy


An apparatus, implemented in a user equipment (UE), transmits a report of a per-span based capability of the UE to a network node of a wireless network. The apparatus also performs physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) monitoring using a configuration that satisfies a requirement for a gap separation with respect to spans for at least one candidate value set in the report in every slot including cross-slot boundaries.

Unless otherwise indicated herein, approaches described in this section are not prior art to the claims listed below and are not admitted as prior art by inclusion in this section.
In Release 15 (Rel-15) of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) technical specification for New Radio (NR), two PDCCH monitoring cases have been defined. In a first case (Case 1), a PDCCH monitoring periodicity of 14 or more symbols has been defined. More specifically, in Case 1-1, PDCCH monitoring can be on up to three orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols at the beginning of a slot and, in Case 1-2, PDCCH monitoring can be on any span of up to three consecutive OFDM symbols of a slot. For a given user equipment (UE), all search space configurations are within the same span of three consecutive OFDM symbols in the slot. In a second case (Case 2), a PDCCH monitoring periodicity of less than 14 symbols has been defined. This includes the PDCCH monitoring of up to three OFDM symbols at the beginning of a slot. The support of Case 2 is necessary to enable PDCCH monitoring within the slot and to allow for low-latency scheduling for ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC).
In Rel-15, budgets of the number of control channel elements (#CCE) blind decodes (#BD) were defined on a per-slot basis for different numerologies. In Release 16 (Rel-16) of the 3GPP technical specification for NR, an increased PDCCH monitoring capability (with respect to the maximum number of non-overlapped CCEs and BDs per slot) is needed. Increased PDCCH monitoring capability leads to reduced latency and improvement in PDCCH blocking. However, increase PDCCH monitoring capability tends to result in increased UE complexity and power consumption. Thus, there is a need for a PDCCH monitoring design in Rel-16, to avoid or otherwise mitigate the compromise on UE complexity and power consumption, by taking into account the increase in the #CCEs #BDs budgets and distribution of the budgets to limit UE complexity.

PDCCH monitoring span enhancement in mobile communications


Disclosed is a method, in which when a liquid material is applied to the application surface of an object of application by using a liquid material supply device having a syringe containing the liquid material and equipped with a needle having at its distal end an ejection hole from which the liquid material is ejected, an image of the distal end of the needle is taken laterally by a horizontal camera together with a height reference mark when an ascent/descent drive system of the liquid material supply device is set to a reference height, and the height position of the distal end of the needle is obtained from the difference between the height of the distal end of the needle and the height of the height reference mark.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for applying a liquid material, such as adhesive, to an object of application through ejection, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for controlling the distance between and the positions of the object of application and a liquid material ejection hole with high accuracy (on the order of 10μ).
2. Related Background Art
Conventionally, in replacing the liquid material, the lower end (distal end) of a needle (application nozzle) mounted to a syringe filled with a liquid material is caused to abut a reference plate to effect positioning in the Z-direction (syringe axis direction), and the syringe and the needle are fixed to the ascent/descent drive system of an apparatus. That is, the reference plate surface constitutes the positional reference for the distal end of the needle.
It is to be noted that a needle having a small diameter will be deflected when caused to abut the reference plate and will be restored to the former state when separated from the reference plate and there is no load (that is, when the needle is in the air). As a result, with such a needle, positional deviation of the distal end of the needle in the X-, Y-, and Z-directions is involved.
Examples of the techniques regarding liquid material application are disclosed in the following publications: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-1165, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-317373, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-87693, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-99268, and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-291999.
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-1165 discloses a construction in which an abutment terminal provided on the syringe side is caused to abut the object of application, thereby maintaining a fixed distance between the liquid material ejection hole and the reference plate.
However, since the distance between the liquid material ejection hole and the reference plate is determined by the dimensional accuracy (parts accuracy) of the abutment terminal, the syringe, and the needle with the liquid material ejection hole, the construction is not suitable for an apparatus in which it is necessary to control the distance between the liquid material ejection hole and the reference plate on the order of microns.
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-317373, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-87693, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-99268, and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-291999 disclose a construction in which, in applying liquid material, the distance between the reference plate and the distal end of the needle is measured by a non-contact distance sensor.
It is to be noted, however, that the non-contact distance sensor is mounted to the syringe and a needle holding member, and the distance between the distal end of the needle and the reference plate is measured on the assumption that the distal end of the needle is always at the same position. Thus, if the position of the distal end of the needle (in the Z-direction) at the time of replacement differs from that at the time of application (when there is no load), no correction (detection) of this difference is possible.
Further, in the case of an apparatus for performing wire bonding or liquid application between IC lead terminals or to a narrow range such as IC underfill, or a high-density place, a high level of accuracy in the X-, Y-, and Z-directions of the liquid material ejection hole is required, and the distance between the ejection hole and the application surface, or the dimension for avoiding interference with the component, has to be controlled on the order of 10 microns. As a result, measures must also be taken against needle bending.

Method of and apparatus for applying liquid material


The first, second and third switches within the first, second and third phases of a three phase motor controller are selectively operated to control the both the starting torque and the stopping torque of the motor. A preselected time delay before operating the switches within the individual phases allows the starting torque and the stopping torque to be controlled over a wide range of operation.

The starting of three phase induction motors can be controlled by electromechanical devices that are well-known. Some currently-employed methods include starting with series-connected reactors or resistors and starting by changing the connections of the windings from an initial radial connection to a delta connection during operation.
Starting the motors using previously known devices involves some inherent inconveniences. Step-wise application of the voltage to the motor windings, for example, causes transitory electrical problems.
Power semiconductor devices are also used to progressively and continuously apply voltage to the motor windings durings starting. This allows adjustment of the RMS voltage applied to the motor windings and controls the RMS current during motor starting.
World Patent PCT WO84/04005 describes three phase alternating current induction motor starting wherein the conduction angle during start-up is limited in order to prevent non-conduction within any of the motor windings. The control of the starting torgue is is limited however since the starting voltage is greater than 40% of the powe system voltage.

Apparatus and three phase induction motor starting and stopping control method


A method, a component, and an electronic device relating to the field of industrial automation technology, particularly relating to the creation of a human machine interface, and are used for automatically creating an HMI of a system. The method for creating an HMI comprises: a first component of a system receives, via an HMI, a first command for creating an HMI for the system; the first component obtains, from each searched and found second component of the system an HMI resource of each of the second components; and the first component creates, on the basis of an HMI resource of the first component and the obtained HMI resource from each of the second components, the HMI for the system. One component of the system collects the HMI resource of another component of the system and creates the HMI for the whole system, providing a method for automatically creating the HMI for the system.

A system generally comprises multiple components. Taking a production line in a factory as an example of a system, there may be devices such as an electric machine, a mechanical arm, a conveyor belt and a sensor on a production line, and these devices may be used to execute a manufacturing process as components of the system, i.e. the production line.
In order to realize convenient, real-time monitoring of a component in a system, one possible solution is to integrate a web server in a component, with a human-machine interface (HMI) being stored on the web server; by inputting an address of the web server in a browser running on an electronic device, e.g. a mobile phone or tablet, an HMI of a corresponding component can be displayed. The electronic device can receive, via the HMI, a control operation applied to the component by an operator. Here, the component in which the web server is integrated and which provides the HMI is called a "smart component".
One operator can monitor one smart component via one HMI, but cannot monitor the entire system.

Method, component, and electronic device for creating human machine interface


The present disclosure relates to a binder resin system suitable for use in forming toner compositions. In embodiments, the binder resin system includes at least one amorphous resin, at least one crystalline resin, and at least one fatty acid salt. The presence of the fatty acid salt reduces plasticization which may otherwise occur upon combining the amorphous and crystalline resins, thereby increasing the glass transition temperature of the binder resin, as well as any toner produced with such binder resin. Toners produced with the disclosed binder resin may also include one or more optional ingredients such as optional colorants, optional waxes, and combinations thereof.

The present disclosure relates to toners suitable for electrophotographic apparatuses.
Numerous processes are known for the preparation of toners, such as, for example, conventional processes wherein a resin is melt kneaded or extruded with a pigment, micronized and pulverized to provide toner particles. There are illustrated in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,364,729 and 5,403,693, the disclosures of each of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety, methods of preparing toner particles by blending together latexes with pigment particles. Also relevant are U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,996,127, 4,797,339 and 4,983,488, the disclosures of each of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
Toner systems normally fall into two classes: two component systems, in which the developer material includes magnetic carrier granules having toner particles adhering triboelectrically thereto; and single component systems (SCD), which typically use only toner. Placing charge on the particles, to enable movement and development of images via electric fields, is most often accomplished with triboelectricity. Triboelectric charging may occur either by mixing the toner with larger carrier beads in a two component development system or by rubbing the toner between a blade and donor roll in a single component system. Toners should also display acceptable triboelectric properties, which may vary with the type of carrier or developer composition.
Polyester toners have been prepared utilizing amorphous and crystalline polyester resins. An issue which may arise with this formulation is that plasticization may occur upon combining the amorphous and crystalline resins, which may result in a decrease in the glass transition temperature of the toner. The resulting toner may thus have a glass transition temperature equal to or less than the temperature found in an electrophotographic machine/apparatus, which may give rise to image defects.
Improved toners, and methods for forming such toners, thus remain desirable.


An athletic massage device is described with improved pressure absorption and distribution, along with methods for using the same. The athletic massage device may comprise one or more massage rollers covered by one or more layers of pliant material, which allow a user improved control over how to adjust applied pressure. In some embodiments, devices are provided with a deep core construction with a pliant outer perimeter. A hard spine may house a motor and rechargeable battery to create vibrations, which may be adjustable. An inner core layer of a pliant material may overlay the spine. An outer surface layer of a more pliant material may overlay the inner core. Protrusions from the spine may extend into the inner core layer to improve pressure or energy transmission. Embodiments may be provided in the form of balls, massage sticks, rolling pins, or dumbbells. A docking station may provide a recharge connection and storage for the massage rollers.

1. Field of the Invention
Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to configurations of a massage device to enhance muscle recovery after athletic exertion.
2. Description of the Related Art
When training or competing in sports, athletes undergo strenuous muscle exertions. Vigorous muscular activity results in buildup of lactic acid and other metabolites in muscle fibers. In addition, repetitive active contraction and passive stretching of muscle fibers during vigorous exercise may result in micro-trauma to the muscle fibers. Metabolic overload and micro-trauma result in tightening and contraction of muscles. This, in turn, impedes athletic performance.
Massage therapy expedites muscle recovery after vigorous exercise by activating certain vascular and neuromuscular pathways. Injured and exhausted muscles send pain messages to the spinal cord via small unmyelinated nerve fibers. Spinal reflexes further perpetuate and maintain this unwanted muscle contraction through motor efferents as a protective mechanism against further trauma. In accordance with the gate control theory of pain (See Jessell T M, Kelly D D: Pain and Analgesia, in Kandel E R, Schwartz J H, Jessell T M (eds): Principles of Neural Science, Third Edition, New York, Elsevier, 1991, pp 385-399, incorporated by reference herein), somatosensory stimulation and vibration during massage activate large myelinated nerve fibers that interrupt these unwanted reflexes by virtue of modulating the neurotransmitters in the spinal cord. As the motor commands from the spinal cord are suppressed, the contracted muscles are allowed to relax. This muscular relaxation improves vascular flow, which in turn allows better delivery of oxygen and nutrients and better washout of metabolites, thus expediting muscular recovery.
They key to the efficacy of athletic massage is sensory stimulation that is not perceived as painful by sensory receptors, thus preferentially activating the large myelinated nerve fibers that suppress the motor input to the muscles. While skilled massage therapists continuously adjust massage pressure to achieve this end, athletic massage equipment lacks the feedback mechanisms that would allow for such adjustments.
Existing massage equipment is typically made of a single material, such as wood or plastic, applying fixed pressure through a single hard surface at the point where the equipment contacts the skin. Furthermore, although some massage devices incorporate vibration stimulation, the vibration energy that is transferred through this single hard interface cannot be readily modulated. As such, the effectiveness of such equipment is limited.
Accordingly, there is a need for massage equipment that allows for easily adjusting the amount of pressure that is put on the body. There is further a need for a tool that athletes can use by themselves. Additionally, there is a need for massage equipment that better distributes energy and pressure to various body parts and that may be easily adjustable. Moreover, there is a need for massage tools that allow greater versatility of use within a single device.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.


An electronic identification tag is made up of at least one cover strip and a carrier strip having an antenna and transponder mounted thereon, and an adhesive to secure the strips together such that the antenna is interposed between the strips, the transponder being pre-programmed to generate a signal having a unique code correlated with indicia on the tag to identify a passenger or luggage. The tag further lends itself well to a novel method of tracking luggage and passengers in a transportation facility.

The present invention relates to an identification tag, and more particularly to an electronic identification tag that is very thin and readily used upon luggage.
For a variety of reasons, most especially increasing incidents of terrorist incidents resulting from the planting of explosives within luggage aboard passenger planes and trains, it is desirable to reliably, quickly, and inexpensively identify and track luggage items placed aboard common carriers. Also, a common complaint of passengers using common carriers is the frustration of misdirected, lost, or delayed luggage. Both the security of common carriers, and the elimination of the problem of lost luggage, are promoted by reliable identification of luggage items. Identifying luggage and other items in passenger terminals and aboard planes and trains historically has been performed primarily by means of simple printed hang tags affixed to the luggage and bearing the owner's name and address, and occasionally the logo of the common carrier company. Hang tags printed solely with the passenger's name assist in reuniting lost or delayed luggage with its rightful owner, but do little to avoid initial misdirection. In recent years, common carriers have used paper tags imprinted with laser-readable bar codes as a means for identifying individual items of luggage. Even more recently, the printed hang tag identification method has been supplemented by security requirements compelling passengers to present photo identification at the time of luggage check in.
Traditional luggage identification systems have suffered from the drawbacks inherent in their simplicity. Printed hang tags require manual inspection by security personnel, an extremely time-consuming process. Even optical bar code identification systems require that airport or security personnel handle the tag of each piece of luggage in order to pass the bar-coded tag in the appropriate orientation past an optical reader. As a result, it is impracticable to optically "scan" an individual item of luggage more than once during a passenger's journey. Also, printed hang tags, even when supplemented with passenger identification programs, are vulnerable to fraud and mistake.
It has been proposed to use small radio transmitters in an effort to increase the reliability and efficiency of luggage identification and tracking. It is known in the art to attach a radio transmitter to luggage to send an identifying signal to one or more receivers. It is contemplated that radio receivers will increase the rapidity and reliability of identifying each item in a large-volume stream of luggage by eliminating the need to manually handle each piece of luggage, and reduce the role of human visual inspections fraught with error. Radio transmitters, in conjunction with digital data processors, provide a means for improving luggage tracking and identification.
However, transmitter devices for use on luggage heretofore have generally suffered from one or more serious drawbacks, most notably bulkiness and high cost. Bulkiness has been the result of the size of the electronic components of the receiver and, frequently, the need for the transmitter to be accompanied by a self-contained power source such as a battery. Additionally, bulky identification devices are not conducive to dual use, for instance, the physical combination of the transmitter with traditional visual or more recent electronic optical identification labels. It heretofore also has been difficult to produce an electronic identification tag with a small yet functional antenna capable of being contained within a paper hang tag.
Ideally, an electronic identification tag has a sufficient transmission range to permit its signal to be received and processed from a distance. Many known devices utilizing radio transmission have comparatively abbreviated effective transmission ranges, thus requiring manual passage of the receiver "reader" near, for instance, less than 0.30 meter to the tag.
High cost has also hindered the development of viable electronic identification tags. An electronic hang tag ideally must be so inexpensive as to be a single-use device. An expensive transmitter must be reused on the luggage of multiple passengers on successive trips in order economically to recover the transmitter cost. Transmitter reuse thus becomes extremely undesirable due to the need to recover each device at the conclusion of a passenger's trip, re-distribute the device to a new point of origin for attachment to a second piece of luggage, etc.
Finally, known radio transmitter identification tag devices constitute another distinct item for attachment to a piece of luggage, separate from currently used bar-code tags. Separately attaching, and subsequently separately reading, the transmitter tag, apart from the bar-code tag engenders undesirably inefficient duplication of effort, leading to a considerable loss of time and therefor increased cost.
Accordingly, a need remains for an electronic identification tag that is inexpensive, reliable even at increased receiver ranges, and is very thin or small in order to be integrated within existing visual and/or optical tag devices.


A door system for a vacuum train includes at least one vehicle with at least one vehicle door and a track including at least one evacuated pipe that guides and propels elements within the pipe. The track includes at least one station outside of the pipe with at least one station door arranged within the wall of the pipe to selectively close and open the station towards the pipe. The vehicle door and the station door being arranged in a corresponding position when the vehicle is at rest, so that persons can leave or enter the vehicle when the vehicle door and the station doors are open at the rest position. The door system comprises at least one inflatable ring shaped seal (22) which surrounds both doors when the doors are in their corresponding position and which seals in its inflated position both doors against the vacuum within the pipes.

A Vacuum Train or Vactrain is basically a vehicle which runs in a pipe (or tunnel) from which the air has been partially or almost completely evacuated to reduce or to almost eliminate aerodynamic drag. With magnetic levitation (or similar means) for guiding and propelling of the vehicles of the vacuum train rolling resistance can also be eliminated. An outstanding performance and efficiency becomes possible. The cabin of the vehicle is obviously pressurised to a level which is comfortable for the passengers and crew (1.0 Bar). Swiss-metro and Hyperloop are the most prominent examples of the Vactrain concept.
The concept raises the question of how to get passengers and/or goods into the vehicles at the stations. The vacuum in the space between the vehicles and the walls of the pipes is an obstacle. It must be overcome to allow an easy, quick, safe and comfortable access to the vehicles at stations.

SWISS TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH INSTITUTE AG


Presented herein are systems and methods that provide for calibration and/or testing of liquid scintillation counters (LSCs) using an electronic test source. In certain embodiments, the electronic test source described herein provides for emission of emulated radioactive event test pulses that emulate light pulses produced by a scintillator as a result of radioactive decay of a variety of different kinds of radioactive emitters (e.g., beta, alpha, and gamma emitters). Additionally, in certain embodiments, the systems and methods described herein provide for the emission of emulated background light (e.g., luminescence and after-pulses) from the electronic test source. The emulated radioactive event test pulses and, optionally, emulated background light can be used for the calibration and/or testing of LSCs, in place of hazardous radioactive material and/or volatile chemicals. Accordingly, the systems and methods described herein dramatically improve the calibration and/or testing of liquid scintillation counters.

Radionuclides that are present in a sample may be identified and quantified by detecting and analyzing the radiation emitted from the sample. This is important in many contexts, such as the detection of tritium, radon, radium, and uranium in drinking water; the detection of strontium in food; the detection of 14C in food, alcohol, and biofuels; evaluations of tritium and 14C emissions from nuclear power plants; the monitoring of radioactivity during decommissioning of nuclear reactors; tracer measurements in oil exploration; adsorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) studies; the detection of radionuclides in biological samples (e.g., identification of viable drug pathways in drug development); and radiocarbon dating of archaeological samples, as well as many other biological and environmental contexts.
There are a variety of systems and analytical techniques available for the detection of events caused by the radioactive decay of radionuclides in a sample. Where the sample contains a plurality of radionuclides that emit different kinds of radiation (e.g., both alpha and beta emitters), or where a sample contains a radionuclide of unknown type, it is important to be able to determine whether a detected radioactive event is caused by alpha, beta, or gamma radiation.
For example, in liquid scintillation counting, a test sample containing one or more radionuclides to be identified is mixed with a solvent capable of dissolving the sample, along with a scintillator (e.g., a fluor). A vial of the resulting cocktail is placed in a detector comprising one or more photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). When the radionuclide(s) undergo radioactive decay, the emitted decay energy causes excitation of the scintillator, which releases light that is then detected. For example, alpha and beta decay events are typically detected using a fast photon emitting liquid scintillator (e.g., 2,5-diphenyloxazole (PPO)) while gamma decay events (e.g., from gamma-emitting sources, e.g., from cosmic rays) are detected using a slower photon emitting solid scintillator (e.g., bismuth germinate oxide (BGO)). The intensity of the light emitted by a scintillator is a function of the decay energy, and the shape of the detected pulse can be used to distinguish between different kinds of radioactive decay events (e.g., alpha, beta, or gamma emission). The detector produces a pulse signal corresponding to each of a plurality of radioactive events detected in the test sample. The identity and/or quantity of the radionuclide can then be determined.
It is recognized that pulse shape may be indicative of the identity of a radionuclide. For example, a pulse of light detected by a liquid scintillation counter (LSC) can be classified as having been caused by an emitted alpha particle, beta particle, or gamma ray based on its pulse shape. Beta pulses have the shortest duration (e.g., shortest pulse width, e.g., shortest tail length) followed by alpha and gamma pulses, respectively.
Liquid scintillation counting measurements of radioactive activity are accompanied by background light that can obscure the identity and/or quantity of radionuclide(s) in a sample. This background can originate, for example, from chemiluminescence, environmental radiation, electronic noise, crosstalk between the liquid scintillation counter's photomultiplier tubes, and the residual radioactivity and/or luminescence of the sample vial and other materials of the liquid scintillation counter. Such background light may take the form of low level light corresponding to single photon events, or light pulses that resemble those produced by radionuclides in a sample. For example, external gamma rays (e.g., cosmic rays) may strike a liquid scintillator, resulting in an initial pulse of light that is similar to that caused by a beta event. In order to accurately detect radioactive events produced by radionuclides present in a sample, liquid scintillation counters include circuitry and associated software that allows such background light to be distinguished from pulses of light that originate from radioactive decay of radionuclides within a sample.
In order to distinguish between the different radioactive decay events (alpha, beta, and gamma emission) and to discriminate between background signals and true radioactive decay events originating from the sample, a liquid scintillation counter must be appropriately calibrated and/or tested.
However, the calibration and/or testing of a liquid scintillation counter is a complex and at times hazardous process, often requiring the use of hazardous radioactive test materials and/or volatile chemicals. The need to use such hazardous and/or volatile materials limits not only the ease but also efficacy with which a liquid scintillation counter can be calibrated.
Thus, there is a need for improved systems and methods for calibrating and/or testing liquid scintillation counters. Systems and methods that provide for calibrating and/or testing liquid scintillation counters without the need to use radioactive calibration materials and/or volatile chemicals are of particular importance.

Systems and methods for emulating scintillation events using an electronic test source


A transmission circuit includes a shift circuit, a second shift circuit, and a modulation circuit. The shift circuit is configured to select a shift amount according to shift parameters and to introduce the shift amount in a first direction into in phase and quadrature phase baseband signals. The second circuit is configured to selectively introduce the shift amount in a second direction into local oscillator signals. The modulation circuit is configured to modulate the shifted baseband signals onto the shifted local oscillator signals to generate a composite modulated output signal. Unwanted components of the output signal are shifted away from original or specified limits. Wanted components of the output signal are unshifted.

Modern portable communication devices (e.g., cell phones, PDAs, etc.) comprise transmission chains configured to transmit information wirelessly using electromagnetic waves. The transmission chains include a transmitter that utilizes quadrature modulation to encode data onto a composite modulated output signal. The output signal can then be wirelessly transmitted by an antenna using amplitude modulation and frequency modulation. The amplitude modulation varies the strength or amplitude of the output signal. The frequency modulation varies the frequency of the output signal.

Systems and methods to frequency shift unwanted signal components


An integrated circuit is formed in a semiconductor chip and connected to at least a first source of voltage and at least a second source of voltage, negative with respect to the first source of voltage. A number of integrated circuit components are activated by the first and second sources of voltage and are interconnected to provide desired functions. An integrated circuit capacitive element in the form of the gate capacitance of a field effect transistor and in the form of a reversed biased diode is connected between the first and second sources of voltage to decouple integrated circuit inherent inductance in series with the first and second sources of voltage.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to decoupling inductance inherent in integrated circuits in series with the sources of voltage. In particular, this invention deals with internally formed capacitive compensation in the form of field effect transistor (FET) gate capacitance and reverse-biased diode capacitance.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In the prior art, inductive effects have been reduced by increasing the number of parallel voltage supply pins to the integrated circuit die.
Integrated circuit packages have been provided with extra cavities to accommodate discrete capacitors close to the die.
In both of these prior art solutions, manufacturing steps are added and additional cost is incurred.

Power supply decoupling mechanism for integrated circuits


Methods (700) and devices (600) for seismic data processing estimate (720) signal-to-noise ratios of data in a spatio-temporal block of data, determine (730) data-domain weights associated to the data based on the estimated signal-to-noise ratios, and then generate (740) a model of the signal and/or a model of the noise using the data-domain weights.

1. Technical Field
Embodiments of the subject matter disclosed herein generally relate to methods and devices used for processing seismic data and, more particularly, to generating models of signal and/or noise using data-domain weights based on estimated signal-to-noise ratios.
2. Discussion of the Background
Seismic data related to energy reflected from interfaces between geological layers of an explored subsurface structure are used in the oil and gas industry to search for and evaluate subterranean hydrocarbon deposits. After seismic waves are injected into the explored underground structure, seismic receivers detect the reflected energy (a signal, which may be coherent with the injected waves), and undesirable noise. Various methods are employed to attenuate or remove noise from the seismic data.
Noise, which is characterized by amplitude and/or phase, can be transformed (as can the signal and seismic data in general) to different domains (space-time domain, frequency domain, etc.). Some of the noise is predictable and coherent with the signal in some domains, while unpredictable and incoherent with the signal in other domains. Noise that is random and unpredictable, or whose predictability has been altered by transforming the data to a particular domain (for example, by sorting) may be easier to remove without altering the coherent signal. Noise that is coherent in one domain but incoherent in another may be attenuated using methods for removing incoherent noise, applied in the domain in which the noise is incoherent. The denoised data may then be sorted back to the domain in which the noise was coherent.
Unpredictable noise can be attenuated using frequency-space filtering (as described, e.g., in the article, "Random noise reduction," by Canales, L., published in 54th SEG Annual International Meeting 1984, Expanded Abstracts, pp. 525-527; the article, "Signal-preserving random noise attenuation by the F-X projection," by Soubaras, R., published in 64th SEG Annual International Meeting 1994, Expanded Abstracts, pp. 1,576-1,579; or the article, "Coherency enhancement on 3D seismic data by dip detection and dip selection," by Gulunay et al., published in 77th SEG Annual International Meeting 2007, Expanded Abstracts, pp. 2,247-2,251, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference). This technique, which can be applied in one or more spatial dimensions in which noise is incoherent, relies on a prediction of the coherent signal at a point in space using surrounding traces on which the noise is sufficiently random as to average out to zero (or close to zero). Such randomness is achieved with large enough collections of data in which the noise has a normal probability distribution. However, when the noise on surrounding traces is particularly strong, or is not truly random, prediction of the coherent signal and, consequently, of the noise is compromised. Hence, the technique is inefficient in the presence of high-density and strong noise, or types of noises that are not truly random in amplitude or phase. Furthermore, this technique is accurate only for data that is regularly distributed in the spatial dimensions in which it is processed (e.g., regular shot and receiver spacing), and for data that is not aliased.
Strong incoherent noise occurs, for example, when data is acquired such that the interval between shots (i.e., seismic sources' activation to generate seismic waves incident on the explored formation) is shorter than the recording ("listening") period corresponding to one shot. In this case (which is known as "simultaneous source acquisition"), the acquired seismic data is blended, including overlapping signals caused by incident waves from different but simultaneously shot sources. The later signal, cross-talk interference and other noise are generally not coherent with the earlier shot and resulting earlier signal in one or more domains, but constitute a strong noise for the earlier signal (and vice-versa, the earlier signal, cross-talk and other noise are generally not coherent with the later shot and resulting later signal, constituting a strong noise for the later signal in an appropriate domain).
Simultaneous source acquisition is desirable because it reduces a survey's total acquisition time and cost, or it may be used to acquire a higher density dataset in the same survey time. Simultaneous source acquisition can be performed in land and marine environments (with ocean bottom receivers or towed streamers), with continuous or non-continuous recording. Using blended data requires additional processing to extract seismic datasets focusing on individual signals (i.e., deblending the data).
In conventional surveying techniques, sources are activated so that a signal corresponding to one shot does not overlap another signal corresponding to another shot in their significant portions (e.g., when the signal amplitudes are substantially greater than the noise). FIG. 1A illustrates seismic waves generated at different spatial positions 10, 12 and 14 at intervals so the recorded wavelets 10a-c corresponding to the seismic waves generated at spatial position 10 do not interfere with wavelets 12a-c corresponding to the seismic waves generated at spatial position 12. The wavelets generated due to one shot form a signal carrying information about the explored underground structure.
The receivers may record continuously in time (i.e., 16 in FIG. 1A) or separately to form regular seismic traces for each individual shot, as shown in FIG. 1B. The traces illustrated in FIG. 1B form a receiver gather 20. First wavelets, which correspond to reflections from a first interface, form curve a, second wavelets form curve b, etc.
FIG. 2A illustrates seismic waves generated at the same positions as in FIG. 1A, but at shorter intervals so the corresponding recording times partially overlap. Therefore, for example, wavelet 10c overlaps wavelet 12a. FIG. 2B shows receiver gather 30 formed with regular seismic traces extracted from continuous recording based on each shot's start time. FIG. 2B data has been acquired in less time than FIG. 1B data. Cross-talk like 32, which appears to be noise on the traces, is in fact a signal wavelet of another trace. When simultaneous source acquisition is used, it is necessary to separate (deblend) the energy (wavelets) associated with each shot as a pre-processing step.
In land simultaneous source acquisition, a variety of different sources (for example, different vibroseis sweeps or pseudo-random sweeps) yielding different signatures are used to ease separation of blended data. When energy from a given shot is time-aligned, a source designature operator for that shot can be applied to focus the energy related to that shot while keeping energy from other shots dispersed.
In marine acquisition, the sources' firing time (as described in the article, "A Universal Simultaneous Shooting Technique," by DeKok et al., EAGE 64th Conference & Exhibition 2002, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference) is used as a key for deblending the data. Most deblending algorithms rely on the randomness of the firing time, using denoising or sparseness constraints that make the energy separable.
Varying shot timing (known as "timing dither"), which is seismic source activations at varying intervals, yields an incoherency in cross-talk noise timing in domains other than the shot domain. For example, FIG. 3 (corresponding to Hampson et al., "Acquisition using simultaneous sources," Leading Edge, Vol. 27, No. 7, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference) is a sequence of graphs representing the same blended seismic data in different domains: common shot, common receiver, common midpoint and common offset.
Traditionally, datasets focusing on an individual signal are extracted from blended data using methods that fall into the following categories (all relying to some degree on randomized timing):
1. Separation in a model domain,
2. Impulsive denoising,
3. Iterative coherency enhancement/denoising, and
4. Full modeling of energy from all sources.
Separation in a model domain may be used when the energy coming from different sources can be separated through muting in a model domain. For example, one such method (described in the article, "Fast and robust deblending using Apex Shifted Radon transform," by Trad et al., published in SEG Expanded Abstracts 2012, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference) uses an apex shifted Radon to separate cross-talk noise.
Impulsive denoising technique (disclosed, for example, in the article, "Acquisition using simultaneous sources," by Stefani et al., published in 69th EAGE Conference & Exhibition, 2007, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference) uses the fact that when data is sorted into any domain other than the common shot, the cross-talk noise from other sources is incoherent, as illustrated in FIG. 3 (corresponding to the previously referred-to article of Hampson et al.). Note that in the common shot domain, cross-talk noise 40 is continuous. Variable firing times allow the use of impulsive-noise attenuation techniques that are already available and used in other processing steps, such as swell-noise attenuation. While this method can effectively remove the strongest cross-talk energy, low-amplitude cross-talk noise is not seen as impulsive and will not be removed.
Iterative coherency enhancement/denoising techniques (described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 6,882,938, in the article, "Iterative method for the separation of blended seismic data: discussion on the algorithmic aspects" by A. Mahad et al., published in Geological Prospecting, 2012, 60, pp. 782-801, in the article, "Separating simultaneous sources by inversion," by Abma et al., published in 71st EAGE Conference & Exhibition, 2009; the article, "Source Separation by Iterative Rank Reduction—Theory and Applications," by M. Maraschini et al., published in 74th EAGE Conference & Exhibition, 2012; and the article, "An iterative SVD method for deblending: theory and examples," by M. Maraschini et al., published in SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2012, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference) rely on the fact that cross-talk noise on some traces is a duplication of signal on other traces. This means that with knowledge of the timing of all shots, a signal estimate made for one source can then be used to reduce the level of cross-talk for all other sources.
The full modeling of energy from all sources technique (described, for example, in the article, "Simultaneous source separation by sparse Radon transform," by Akerberg et al., published in 78th Ann. Internat. Mtg.: Soc. of Expl. Geophys, 2008; and the article, "Simultaneous source separation using dithered sources," by Moore et al., published in 78th Ann. Internat. Mtg.: Soc. of Expl. Geophys, 2008, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference) has similarities to the iterative denoising method, except that this formulation solves the relationship between source energy and cross-talk noise implicitly at the core of the problem formulation. Equations can be formulated as designing a transform domain for each source or spatial area (e.g., tau-p domain, Fourier domain, etc.) such that when it is reverse-transformed and reblended, the raw input data is reconstructed as accurately as possible in a least squares sense.
This technique (i.e., full modeling of energy from all sources) uses the timings and positioning of all sources and also relies on a sparse solution to the equations. Once the transform domains have been calculated, the final step to deblend the data requires application of reverse-transform without reblending. While this method may result in some filtering of the original data, it removes low-amplitude cross-talk noise and preserves the primary signal. This method could be considered an alternative way to solve the same problem as the iterative coherency enhancement/denoising technique (analogous to sparse least squares Radon versus inversion through "iterative cleaning").
It is, however, desirable to develop denoising methods able to extract coherent signal from strong and/or high-density noise, or noise that is not fully random.

Method and device for deblending seismic data using self-adapting and/or selective radon interpolation


An electrical switch includes a housing and at least two electrical terminals. A pivoting toggle is provided within the housing for controlling the electrical connection between the two terminals. A light source is mounted to the housing in a fixed position and a length of optically conductive material extends from within the toggle to adjacent the light source, such that, when the light source is on, light is visible through the toggle via the optically conductive material.

The present invention relates generally to electrical switches, and more particularly, to self illuminated electrical switches having internal lighting circuits.
Selectively operable electrical switches have long been utilized for actuating electrical devices. In the past, these switches have sometimes been provided with internal lighting circuits which illuminate the switch or portions thereof to achieve certain purposes. For example, such lighting circuits have been used to provide general illumination of a switch to facilitate use in an otherwise dark environment. Lighting circuits have also been employed to provide a visual indication that the switch illuminated by the circuit is currently being supplied with power. In addition, lighting circuits have also been constructed to indicate the operating state or operating position of the switch itself. For example, switches have been designed to include a lamp which only illuminates when the switch is in the "on" state (i.e., flowing current to a connected device) to enable a user to readily determine whether that switch has been thrown.
Self-illuminated or lighted switches typically suffer from certain disadvantages. For example, lighting circuits have commonly employed a light source in the interior of the toggle that is connected to electrical power through specially designed metal contacts that rotate or slide, thereby maintaining electrical contact while enabling movement of the toggle. These switch designs require multiple components, complex assembly and greater expense than switches that are not illuminated.
Accordingly, a need exists for a self-illuminated electrical wall switch that reduces the number of components, simplifies the assembly process, and thereby reduces the cost of manufacturing illuminated switches.


A device for measuring power consumption and performance relative to the environment of a power-consuming unit is disclosed. The device includes a data introduction module, a keyboard for inputting data of waste production in the power-consuming unit, a computing device, and a display screen. The computing device receives the data from the data introduction module and the keyboard. The computing device is also provided with a processor that includes a calculation algorithm of an ecological parameter indicative of the performance relative to the environment of the power-consuming unit. The ecological parameter is calculated as an adjusted mean of the sum of the deviations of each power consumption value with respect to a reference value.

A lot of kinds of programmable logic controllers (PLC) are known, in which, from state variables, the outputs of a system are determined (e.g. electrical or pneumatic, etc.) or another kinds of devices that, from inputs, calculate the values of parameters of interest. Examples of these devices can be the known analysers of the electric mains that, from voltage, current intensity and imbalance signals, calculate the electric power consumed by an installation.
However, in the current art no device or apparatus that calculates ecological parameters or magnitudes are known, from power consumption and waste production data in installations, if we define such parameters or magnitudes as a deviation of an optimal work point, defined by an authority. E.g. in which the emissions of COx or NOx are the minimum possible according to its use.
The present invention has the objective to provide an apparatus that fulfils this gap in the current art.

Device for measuring power consumption and performance with respect to the environment of a power-consuming unit


Disclosed is a method for detecting guaiacol-producing bacteria in a specimen comprising culturing the specimen or a dilution thereof on a plate of a solid medium for acidophilic bacteria comprising a compound represented by the following formula, wherein R is —H, —OH, —C(O)H, —C(O)CH3, —COOH, C1-C3 alkyl or C1-C3 alkenyl, wherein alkyl and alkenyl may optionally be substituted by —OH, —C(O)H or —COOH); and detecting a colony formed on the solid medium. According to preferred embodiments, the solid medium for acidophilic bacteria comprises 50 ppm or more of vanillic acid and the plate culture is carried out at 20° C. to 55° C. The present invention also provides a solid medium for acidophilic bacteria and a kit for detection of guaiacol-producing bacteria in a specimen. According to the present invention, guaiacol-producing bacteria present in a specimen such as fruit juice raw materials can be detected rapidly in a simple manner.

It has been known that fruit juice raw materials to be processed into fruit juice drinks and fruit juice processed food products may contain thermotolerant acidophilic bacteria (TAB) which are viable in conventional acidic drinks even under heat sterilization conditions of food products. Among typical thermotolerant acidophilic bacteria belonging to the genus Alicyclobacillus, Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris (AAT) and Alicyclobacillus acidiphilus (AAP) have been known as the bacteria that produce guaiacol (hereinafter referred to as guaiacol-producing bacteria). Particularly, AAT bacteria have been reported to produce guaiacol via vanillin and vanillic acid (Japan Fruit Juice Association Newsletter (KAJU KYOKAI HO), December 2005, p. 1-15; Non-Patent Document 2). Guaiacol is not toxic, but has an unusual odor. Thus, products such as drinks containing guaiacol-producing bacteria have significantly deteriorated flavor. In many cases, AAT in fruit juice raw materials was identified to be a primary cause. Therefore, it is very important to assay the presence of guaiacol-producing bacteria in fruit juice raw materials and fruit juice drink products for quality controls of raw materials and products.
It has been known that AAT can be detected by a method comprising adding a fruit juice drink to a liquid medium containing vanillin, incubating the mixture and measuring the odor of guaiacol by a sensory test (Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. H7-123998; Patent Document 1); or by a method for detecting the presence of guaiacol-producing bacteria comprising incubating a solution containing a specimen in the presence of vanillic acid and treating the produced guaiacol with peroxidase to develop a color followed by a qualitative or spectrometric quantitative analysis using a particular equipment (Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 2004-201668; Patent Document 2); or by PCR detection using primers specific to the gene of a guaiacol producing enzyme (Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 2003-000259; Patent Document 3).
The technique based on the above Patent Document 2 is now widely used for AAT detection with an indirect assay for the presence of AAT comprising culturing a specimen in a liquid medium containing vanillic acid and detecting the produced guaiacol with a peroxidase method.
However, the peroxidase method accompanies complicated procedures and requires a prolonged time before obtaining results because an adequate preculture step is required to grow AAT in a liquid medium. For example, in order to quantitatively detect AAT in a specimen, it is necessary to form colonies on a plate medium, pick more than one colony and culture respective colonies in a liquid medium, which are complicated procedures and require a period of 4 to 6 days.
Moreover, in the peroxidase method, the presence or absence of AAT is determined by brownish coloration produced by transformation of guaiacol to tetraguaiacol by the action of peroxidase; thus, determination may be difficult when a specimen is a raw material or medium having similar color such as orange juice. A certain skill is required for personnel who perform visual colorimetric determinations, because the color is influenced by different lots of raw materials and from conditions for autoclaving the media. For accurate determinations, spectrophotometric analysis with calibration curves for each specimen and medium, or GC-MS analysis are required, and thus expensive analyzers and complex procedures are further required.
Another known method using a solid medium is a 30° C.-culture method, where guaiacol-producing bacteria are distinguished from guaiacol non-producing bacteria based on culture temperatures. For example, a specimen is cultured at 30° C., which is lower than an optimal growth temperature of AAT (40 to 50° C.), and the presence or absence of colonies is determined. Because the growth of AAT is also decreased in culture at 30° C., the sensitivity of detection of AAT is low and guaiacol non-producing bacteria of no interest having a lower optimal growth temperature range will also emerge. Accordingly, a preculture step is required for the 30° C.-culture method in order to improve the sensitivity of detection of AAT. In this case, all the steps may take as long time as 8 to 10 days, and the selectivity is not sufficient. Moreover the method is not quantitative because the preculture step is required.
In addition, it has been known that components such as polyphenols contained in citrus fruits and grapes may inhibit the growth of AAT. Thus, a specimen needs to be appropriately diluted before an assay of raw materials having high fruit concentrations such as 100% fruit juices. For example, orange juice is diluted to 1% before an assay. However, the dilution factor needs to be reviewed per type of fruit juice and the production area thereof, making the above assay procedures more complicated.
Therefore, there still exist a need for a quick and accurate method for determination of the presence or absence of guaiacol-producing bacteria in fruit juice raw materials without requiring complicated procedures, expensive equipments or a skill of operators. There is also a need for a convenient method which allows assays at the sites of production of fruits and in facilities for production of fruit juice raw material.
The references cited in the present application are as follows. The contents thereof are entirely incorporated herein by reference.
Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. H7-123998
Patent Document 2: Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 2004-201668
Patent Document 3: Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 2003-000259
Non-Patent Document 1: "The Unified Test Method for Thermo-Acidophilic Bacilli", Japan Fruit Juice Association, 2005, p. 25
Non-Patent Document 2: Japan Fruit Juice Association Newsletter (KAJU KYOKAI HO), December 2005, p. 1-15

Method and kit for detection of guaiacol-producing bacterium