The invention relates to high affinity Siglec ligands that are useful for isolating cells that express Siglecs and for delivering agents to cells that express Siglecs. In one embodiment, the invention provides a method for treating cancer in a mammal that involves administering a Siglec ligand of the invention to the mammal, where the Siglec ligand is linked to a therapeutic agent.

B-Cell lymphomas, such as the B-cell subtype of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, are significant contributors to cancer mortality. The response of B-cell malignancies to various forms of treatment is mixed. For example, in cases in which adequate clinical staging of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is possible, field radiation therapy can provide satisfactory treatment. Still, about one-half of the patients die from the disease. Devesa et al., J. Nat'l Cancer Inst. 79:701 (1987).
The majority of chronic lymphocytic leukemias are of B-cell lineage. Freedman, Hematol. Oncol. Clin. North Am. 4:405 (1990). This type of B-cell malignancy is the most common leukemia in the Western world. Goodman et al., Leukemia and Lymphoma 22:1 (1996). The natural history of chronic lymphocytic leukemia falls into several phases. In the early phase, chronic lymphocytic leukemia is an indolent disease, characterized by the accumulation of small mature functionally-incompetent malignant B-cells having a lengthened life span. Eventually, the doubling time of the malignant B-cells decreases and patients become increasingly symptomatic.
While treatment can provide symptomatic relief, the overall survival of the patients is only minimally affected. The late stages of chronic lymphocytic leukemia are characterized by significant anemia and/or thrombocytopenia. At this point, the median survival is less than two years. Foon et al., Annals Int. Medicine 113:525 (1990). Due to the very low rate of cellular proliferation, chronic lymphocytic leukemia is resistant to treatment. Traditional methods of treating B-cell malignancies, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy, have limited utility due to toxic side effects. Using an antibody that binds to a surface component on the B cell is an alternate approach of directing an immune response to cancer cells. The use of monoclonal antibodies to direct radionuclides, toxins, or other therapeutic agents also offers the possibility that such agents can be delivered selectively to tumor sites, thus limiting toxicity to normal tissues. However, antibodies are typically not taken up by cells. Thus, even when an antibody is linked to a toxin, the toxin may only be delivered to the surface of a cell.
A need therefore exists for new agents that can bind to and be internalized within Siglec-expressing cells, including malignant B-cells.
The accumulation of eosinophil leukocytes is a characteristic feature of IgE-mediated allergic reactions such as allergic asthma, rhinitis and eczema. Eosinophil accumulation also occurs in non-allergic asthma. The immediate bronchoconstriction in response to a provoking stimulus in the asthmatic involves mast cell activation and the release of constrictor mediators. This is followed after several hours in some individuals by a late bronchoconstrictor response associated with a massive influx of eosinophils. Repeated provocation results in chronic inflammation in the airways and a marked hyper-responsiveness to constrictor mediators. The magnitude of both the late response and the chronic hyper-responsiveness correlates with the numbers of eosinophils present in the lung.
The global prevalence of asthma continues to increase, affecting millions of peoples' daily lives, but treatment is far from ideal. Clinical responses to current therapies, such as inhaled corticosteroids and leukotriene modifiers are heterogeneous and even with optimal treatment there is a substantial burden of unaddressed disease. Therefore, a need also exists for agents that can control eosinophil-related diseases such as asthma.


An acoustic module with a transducer and a solid waveguide. The transducer and waveguide may be curved to focus the acoustic energy along a focal line. The transducer, the top surface of the waveguide and the bottom surface of the waveguide may extend along coaxial curves. The waveguide may include a recess closely receiving the transducer. The waveguide may include an integral skirt that provides a thermal mass. The acoustic module may include a space to accommodate thermal management options. For example, the acoustic module may include a heatsink, an active ventilation system and/or a phase change material. The ultrasound device may include a controller configured to perform a uniformity scan sweep during supply of operating power to the transducer. The uniformity scan sweep can extend through a frequency range that includes the operating point of the acoustic module and does not exceed an acceptable efficiency loss.

The present invention relates to ultrasound devices, and more particularly to an acoustic module and a control system for operating an ultrasound device incorporating an acoustic waveguide.
Ultrasound devices have been developed for use in a variety of therapeutic applications. These devices produce ultrasound or acoustic energy that can be applied to the human body for therapeutic purposes. For example, there are a variety of conventional ultrasound devices used to apply acoustic energy to the skin to promote the generation of new collagen that has the effect of reducing fine lines, wrinkles and sagging skin.
Typical handheld ultrasound devices include a transducer to generate the ultrasound energy and a lens to provide proper focus to the ultrasound energy. Often, the transducer and lens are situated in an acoustic module that houses the transducer and lens and includes a contact membrane (or other surface) configured to directly engage the target. The intervening space between the lens and the contact membrane is typically filled with a liquid, such as water, that functions as a medium for the ultrasound energy to travel from the lens to the contact membrane. Bubbles and other imperfections within the water (or other liquid medium) can affect the acoustic field and negatively impact operation of the device. This has proven to be a significant drawback because experience has revealed that it is difficult to keep bubbles from forming within water and other liquid mediums between the lens and the contact membrane. Another significant drawback is that water has the potential to freeze, for example, during warehouse storage, transportation and other stages of distribution. Freezing water expands, which can rupture the water vessel and allow thawed water to leak out and render the product non-functional.
Other manufacturing issues present additional practical issues that can negatively impact device performance—perhaps most notably by impairing consistency and reducing uniformity of acoustic fields generated by the device. For example, it can be difficult to secure the transducer to the lens without imperfections. Imperfections in the interface between the transducer and the lens can have a negative impact on performance in various ways, for example, by reducing uniformity in acoustic output or by reducing efficiency. To illustrate, in some devices, the transducer is secured to the lens by epoxy or other adhesives. In many applications, gaps or variations in the thickness of the epoxy can have a substantial negative impact on performance. Further, even seemingly small differences in the location at which the transducer is affixed to the lens can impair performance. As a result of these and other practical difficulties, it can be difficult to produce a handheld ultrasound device that operates at optimal efficiency or provides uniform acoustic output across its head. It can also be difficult to maintain consistency in the acoustic fields generated by each separately manufactured ultrasound device.
A number of additional complications can be presented by the membrane used to contain the liquid. As one example, it can be difficult and costly to provide a membrane that satisfies the desired tolerance requirements. As another example, the membrane can have a negative effect on the ability of the system to detect when it is properly coupled with the target. Further, the membrane can effect in temperature rise and its thickness can affect efficiency and power draw.
The design of ultrasound devices is further complicated by the fact that conventional ultrasonic transducers generate a significant amount of thermal energy. Too much heat can have a negative impact on the electronic components of the device. It can also make it uncomfortable to place the device against human skin.

Acoustic module and control system for handheld ultrasound device


An opto-electronic module connector system is mountable on a system substrate, such as a printed circuit board, in a variety of configurations or orientations and includes an electromagnetic interference (EMI)-shielding enclosure, a connector assembly, and a socket. The connector assembly includes a connector body, a connector printed circuit board, a substantially planar contact holder, electrical contact fingers mounted on the contact holder, and an opto-electronic module. When the EMI-shielding enclosure and socket are mounted on the system substrate, a user can readily insert the connector assembly into the EMI-shielding enclosure and plug it into the socket. A user can likewise readily remove the connector assembly from the EMI-shielding enclosure and socket for maintenance, cleaning, repair or other purposes.

In an optical communication system, it is generally necessary to couple an optical fiber to an opto-electronic transmitter, receiver or transceiver device and, in turn, to couple the device to an electronic system such as a switching system or processing system. These connections can be facilitated by modularizing the transceiver device. An opto-electronic transceiver module includes an opto-electronic light source, such as a laser, and an opto-electronic light receiver, such as a photodiode, and may also include various electronic circuitry associated with the laser and photodiode. For example, driver circuitry can be included for driving the laser in response to electronic signals received from the electronic system. Likewise, receiver circuitry can be included for processing the signals produced by the photodiode and providing output signals to the electronic system. The electronic and opto-electronic devices can be mounted on a small circuit board or similar substrate inside the transceiver module housing. The circuit board can include an electrical connector for connecting the opto-electronic transceiver to the external electronic system. The housing or enclosure in which the circuit board, laser, photodiode, driver and receiver circuitry, etc., are contained is commonly made of metal to shield these elements against electromagnetic interference (EMI).
In some modular opto-electronic transceiver systems, an optical plug that terminates an optical fiber cable can be plugged into a socket in the transceiver module housing. When coupled to the transceiver module in this manner, the ends of optical fibers in the plug are optically aligned with optics in the opto-electronic transceiver. The optics couple optical signals between the fibers and the laser and photodiode. A first fiber, which can be referred to as a transmit fiber, is optically coupled to the laser so that optical signals generated by the transceiver module are transmitted via that transmit fiber. A second fiber, which can be referred to as a receive fiber, is optically coupled to the photodiode so that optical signals received via the receive fiber can be received by the transceiver module.
In some opto-electronic transceiver modules, the optical signal path includes a 90-degree turn. For example, the above-described circuit board on which the laser and photodiode are mounted can be oriented perpendicularly or normal to the axes along which the signals are communicated with the optical fibers in the plug. The laser emits the optical transmit signal in a direction normal to the circuit board, and the photodiode receives the optical receive signal from a direction normal to the circuit board. The above-referenced optics in the transceiver module can include a first lens that collimates the optical transmit signal emitted by the laser and a second lens that focuses the optical receive signal upon the photodiode. A mirror or reflector in the transceiver module that is oriented at a 45-degree angle with respect to the circuit board can redirect the optical signals emitted by the laser and received by the photodiode.
A user, such as a manufacturer of the above-mentioned switching system, processing system, or other electronic system that includes optical communication links, commonly uses an opto-electronic transceiver module or similar part by soldering the part to a printed circuit board (either directly or by soldering an intermediate coupling connector to the printed circuit board) as a step of a manufacturing process for an electronic circuit assembly. The user can select from among various commercially available opto-electronic transceiver modules having different configurations (i.e., different models or part numbers), such as a configuration in which a mating optical fiber plug can be plugged into the transceiver module from a direction parallel to the plane of the printed circuit board at an edge of the printed circuit board or a configuration in which a mating optical fiber plug can be plugged into the transceiver module from a direction perpendicular or normal to the plane of the printed circuit board. Each of the different transceiver module configurations is commonly assembled from a different set of constituent parts or elements. The need for a manufacturer of transceiver modules to produce a number of different transceiver modules having different configurations (i.e., different models or part numbers) from an accordingly significant number of different constituent parts can impact manufacturing economy. Also, as some types of transceiver modules are commonly mounted to a system circuit board by soldering or similar relatively permanent methods, in such instances the transceiver module is not readily removable for maintenance or replacement. Furthermore, reflow soldering methods can potentially harm heat-sensitive transceiver module elements.
Connector systems have been suggested that include both an optical signal path and an electrical signal path. When the plug connector of such a system is plugged into the socket or receptacle connector of such a system, optical signals can be communicated in parallel with electrical signals between the plug and socket connectors. It has been suggested to provide such a connector system in a configuration similar to a Universal Serial Bus (USB) configuration. The buildup of dust or other contaminants on the optical elements in such a system may be problematic.

Modular connector system having electrical and optical links

Avago Technologies Fiber IP (Singapore) Pte. Ltd


One embodiment provides a method, including: obtaining, using one or more sensors disposed in a seat, user posture data; and identifying, using a processor, a user based on the user posture data. Other aspects are described and claimed.

Biometric identification is utilized in many circumstances. For example, security mechanisms often are based on, or include, use of a biometric component such as a fingerprint reader, an iris scanner, a voice recognition mechanism, an image analysis/facial detection mechanism, etc., that can be used to identify a particular user. For example, system access (e.g., login credentialing) might be conditioned on a biometric identification. In addition to security mechanisms, biometric identification is utilized to customize a system or device. For example, biometric identification might be used to properly identify a particular user and thereafter load the particular user's preferred device settings.

Sitting posture for biometric identification


A method for detecting current leakage of electronic components in an electronic device determines a target electronic component that needs to be analyzed for current leakage in response to a user selection. The target electronic component is controlled to enter into a power-off state, and a first current value of the electronic device is acquired from a digital power supply. The target electronic component is activated into a working state, and then is controlled to enter into a sleep state. A second current value of the electronic device is acquired from the digital power supply. It is determined that the current leakage is occurring in the target electronic component, if a first difference between the second current value and the first current value is more than a predetermined value.

1. Technical Field
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to current-loss detection technology, and particularly to an electronic device and method for detecting current leakage of electronic components in the electronic device.
2. Description of Related Art
Electronic components in an electronic device (e.g., a mobile phone) may suffer from current leakage. Current leakage may result in unnecessary power consumption of the electronic device. Measuring current through relevant electronic components is one way to reveal current leakage. However, the electronic device has to be connected to one or more measurement devices, such as a computer and an integrated test instrument, for measuring current through the electronic device. It is inconvenient and very imprecise for a user of the electronic device to measure currents through the electronic components, and then determine whether the electronic components are suffering from current leakage.

Electronic device and method for detecting current leakage of electronic components in the electronic device

SHENZHEN FUTAIHONG PRECISION INDUSTRY CO., LTD.


A novel divinyl ether compound having the formula (I):

The divinyl ether compounds according to the present invention, specifically the 2,2-bis[(ethenyloxy)methyl]bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane (other name: 2,2-norbornanedimethanol divinyl ether) and 5,5-bis[(ethenyloxy)methyl]bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene (other name: 5-norbornene-2,2-dimethanol divinyl ether), have not been reported in the past and are believed to be novel compounds.
As a technical art relating to the divinyl ether compound according to the present invention, for example, there are the following Patent Literatures 1 and 2.    Patent Literature 1 describes a pentaerythritol acetal divinyl ether. This compound has an acetal structure, and therefore, easily hydrolyzes and differs from the divinyl ether compound according to the present invention in the point of stability to water.    Patent Literature 2 describes 1,3-adamantane dimethanol divinyl ether, but this compound differs from the divinyl ether compounds according to the present invention in the point of easy cyclization polymerization.    Patent Literature 1: Japanese Patent Publication No. 2009-242484A    Patent Literature 2: Japanese Patent Publication No. 2010-053087A

Divinyl-ether compound and manufacturing method therefor

Abstract: wherein A indicates a single bond or a double bond                which is low in odor, low in volatility, and low in skin irritability, which have low toxicities, which are useful as a starting material for a polymer composition having excellent curability, adhesiveness and transmission in the ultraviolet light region, and further, having a special reactivity alone or with other compounds, and a process for producing the same.


A provider edge (PE) device provides subscribers with access to an Internet Service Provider (ISP) network. The subscribers are connected to the PE device via a broadband aggregation device. The PE device includes a processor operable to snoop control plane traffic for a logical identifier that allows subscriber traffic having varying data plane information to be treated as a session group. The processor is further operable to instantiate the session group based on the logical identifier. A unit of the PE device applies a QOS policy to traffic flow associated with the session group. It is emphasized that this abstract is provided to comply with the rules requiring an abstract that will allow a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims.

Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) technology is widely-used today for increasing the bandwidth of digital data transmissions over the existing telephone network infrastructure. Other types of Layer 1 (L1) transport mechanisms in use include Fiber-To-The-Home (FTTH) and WIMAX. In a typical system configuration, a plurality of DSL subscribers are connected to a service provider (SP) network through a Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer (DSLAM), which concentrates and multiplexes signals at the telephone service provider location to the broader wide area network (WAN). Basically, a DSLAM takes connections from many customers or subscribers and aggregates them onto a single, high-capacity connection. The DSLAM may also provide additional functions such as Internet Protocol (IP) address assignment for the subscribers, IP Access Control Lists (ACLs), etc.
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) protocol networks have traditionally been utilized for communications between DSLAM devices and Broadband Remote Access Servers (BRAS) that provide authentication and subscriber management functions. A BRAS is a device that terminates remote users at the corporate network or Internet users at the Internet service provider (ISP) network, and commonly provides firewall, authentication, and routing services for remote users. Next generation BRAS devices are frequently referred to as Broadband Network Gateway (BBNG) devices.
The ATM protocol is an international standard in which multiple service types (such as voice, video, or data) are conveyed in fixed-length "cells" over point-to-point network connections. Data packet cells travel through the ATM switches from the user network interface (UNI) to the network node interface (NNI) through a process called Virtual Path Identifier/Virtual Channel Identifier (VPI/VCI) translation. The VPI/VCI identifiers are used by the ATM switches to switch/direct the subscriber traffic to a given feature server, and in the reverse direction to forward server traffic to a given DSLAM/subscriber, without ambiguity. Furthermore, the VPI/VCI mechanism is used by the feature server to identify the subscriber.
By way of background, U.S. Pat. No. 6,801,533, for example, teaches a system and method for proxy signaling in a DSLAM and generally describes a DSL network that includes communication transfer of signals from a DSLAM to a remote access server over a high-speed ATM network. Transmission of packet data over an ATM network is also taught in U.S. Pat. No. 6,785,232. U.S. Pat. No. 5,818,842 teaches a communication system with an interface device that connects a plurality of interconnected ATM switches to Local Area Network (LAN) interface adapters for connection to LAN networks.
Many service provider (SP) networks are being migrated away from ATM protocol networks to Ethernet networks. Ethernet is a technology that originated based on the idea of peers on a network sending messages in what was essentially a common wire or channel. Each peer has a globally unique key, known as the Media Access Control (MAC) address to ensure that all systems in an Ethernet have distinct addresses. Most modern Ethernet installations use Ethernet switches (also referred to as "bridges") to implement an Ethernet "cloud" or "island" that provides connectivity to the attached devices. The switch functions as an intelligent data traffic forwarder in which frames are sent to ports where the destination device is attached. Examples of network switches for use in Ethernet network environments are found in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,850,542, 6,813,268 and 6,850,521.
Regardless of the network technology employed, IP Quality of Service (QoS) management is usually needed both to prioritize some applications, ensuring that they receive minimized data delivery delay and assured bandwidth, and to efficiently utilize the available bandwidth of the network. This IP QoS management is typically achieved using mechanisms such as policing, shaping, and queuing.
Traffic policing mechanisms commonly rely on a token bucket algorithm to enforce a maximum rate sent (egress) or received (ingress) for traffic at any given moment. A policer typically regulates traffic by dropping data packets when the rate of traffic exceeds the specified rate limit.
Traffic shaping typically delays excess traffic using a buffer or queuing mechanism to hold packets and shape the flow when the data rate of the source is higher than expected. Generic Traffic Shaping (GTS), Class-Based Traffic Shaping (CBTS), Distributed Traffic Shaping (DTS) and Frame Relay Traffic Shaping (FRTS) are examples of shaping mechanisms. Shaping may be applied to the output of a single first-in-first-out (FIFO) queue, or may be applied to a number of queues using an IP queuing scheme where traffic is classified into queues based on context information in the IP header, such as the source or destination address. These queues may then be serviced using a queuing algorithm such as a class-based weighted fair queue (CBWFQ), for example.
A primary reason for using traffic shaping is to regulate traffic in order to avoid congestion that can occur when the sent traffic exceeds the access speed of its remote, target interface. Examples of traffic shaping mechanisms are found in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2005/0163049, which teaches a packet shaper that ensures proper packet transmission within user-specific minimum bandwidth; and U.S. Patent Publication No. 2005/0163049, which teaches a method and apparatus for classifying packets in a data processing device according to a plurality of context-specific sets of processing rules based on context identifiers associated with representative data packets.
QoS functions such as shaping have been traditionally performed on a physical port in order to reduce the total amount of traffic sent to the next box in a network. However, in the case of DSL and FTTH, often times the next Layer 2 (L2) hop is a DSLAM that lacks the ability to perform IP QoS functions. For example, many DSLAMs are unable to perform Class-Based Queuing (CPQ) based on widely used protocols such as the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) or the IEEE 802.1P specification, which enables Layer 2 switches to prioritize traffic and perform dynamic multicast filtering. (The 802.1P specification works at the media access control (MAC) framing layer, and includes a three-bit header field for prioritization, which allows packets to be grouped into various traffic classes.) This means that if there are facility constraints beyond the next L2 hop which might randomly drop frames without regard for the encapsulated DSCP or 802.1P, Service Level Agreements (SLAs) that set expectations between the customer and provider could be harmed.
In ATM-based architectures such as the DSL Forum TR-59 specification, the DSLAM cannot, or is not trusted to perform IP QOS functions. In this case if the rate of a subscriber line at the DSLAM is exceeded, traffic may be discarded indiscriminately of IP QOS markings. To avoid this shaping is applied at the BRAS based upon layer 2 context such as the ATM VPI/VCI, in order to limit the traffic before it arrives at the DSLAM. The VPI/VCI represents a particular subscriber line on the DSLAM, and traffic to that VPI/VCI is shaped in order to enforce a maximum rate for traffic sent to that line, and to ensure that the physical rate of the DSL line going between the DSLAM and the subscriber is not exceeded. This type of shaping may be used in conjunction with IP queuing.
One problem with this approach, however, is that for IP sessions in Gigabit Ethernet (GE) DSLAM aggregation networks, there is no L2 identifier such as the VPI/VCI at the BRAS upon which to shape all of the traffic to a particular subscriber line. In many cases, the VPI/VCI concept is replaced at L2 with a Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) that is shared among multiple subscribers. This means that there is no single L1, L2, or L3 data plane field (e.g., IP address, MAC address, or portion of a payload) that identifies the subscriber line; hence, there is no identifier for the bundle of traffic which needs shared QoS treatment, e.g., shaping and/or policing.
Thus, what is a needed is a new mechanism for identifying a bundle of data packet traffic that needs shared QoS treatment where there is no single L1, L2, or L3 identifier—one that ensures against indiscriminant drops and data packet collisions.

Quality of service based on logical port identifier for broadband aggregation networks


Digitized heterodyne signals in a ring laser gyroscope are processed to determine the phase and acceleration of heterodyne signals at turnarounds in the angular motion of the frame of the ring laser. A hybrid analog/digital design that incorporates the necessary logic processes the turnaround data to produce a phase correction that can be added to the gyroscope count to correct phase errors that at each turnaround. Separation of high speed data processing from lower rate data simplifies the code and permits evaluation of turnaround correction performance. A fully digital system determines a phase distribution for the detected turnarounds and processes the phase distributions of the heterodyne signals for a multiplicity of turnarounds to determine an angle towards which the phase distributions are skewed and the amount of that skew. A phase correction is then calculated to compensate for turnaround-induced errors in measurements of phase differences between the two beams as a function of the skew angle and the amount of skew of the phase distribution.

This invention relates generally to rotation sensors and particularly to ring laser gyroscope rotation sensors. Still more particularly, this invention relates to apparatus and methods for determining the heterodyne phase and acceleration in a body dithered ring laser gyroscope at turnaround and using these signals to calculate a turnaround phase correction.
A ring laser gyroscope employs the Sagnac effect to detect rotation. Counter propagating light beams in a closed loop will have transit times that differ in direct proportion to the rotation rate of the loop about an axis perpendicular to the plane of the loop. The ring laser gyroscope uses the resonant properties of a closed cavity to convert the Sagnac phase difference between the counter propagating beams into a frequency difference. In an active ring laser gyroscope the cavity defined by the closed optical path becomes an oscillator, and output beams from the two directions interfere to give a beat frequency that is a measure of the rotation rate. The high optical frequencies of about 10.sup.15 Hz for light used in ring laser
When the rotation rate of a ring laser gyroscope is within a certain range, the frequency difference between the beams disappears. This phenomenon is called frequency lock-in, or mode locking, and is a major difficulty with the ring laser gyroscope because at low rotation rates it causes a false indication that the device is not rotating. The range of rotation rates over which lock-in occurs is the deadband of the ring laser gyroscope.
Lock-in arises from coupling of light between the beams. The coupling results primarily from backscatter off the mirrors that confine the beams to the closed path. Backscatter causes the beam in each direction to include a small component having the frequency of the beam propagating in the other direction. The lock-in effect in a ring laser gyroscope is similar to the coupling that has been long been observed and understood in conventional electronic oscillators.
Any inability to accurately measure low rotation rates reduces the effectiveness of a ring laser gyroscope in a navigational system. There has been a substantial amount of research and development work to reduce or eliminate the effects of lock-in and to enhance the effective use of ring laser gyroscopes in such systems.
There are several known approaches to solving the problems of lock-in. Various biasing techniques have been employed to avoid the dead band so that lock-in would not be a problem in ring laser gyroscope operation. Biasing techniques can be divided into mechanical and optical techniques and into fixed and dithered bias techniques.
One approach involves mechanically oscillating the ring laser gyroscope about its sensor axis so that the device is constantly sweeping through the deadband. This mechanical oscillation of the ring laser gyroscope is usually called dithering. A typical ring laser gyroscope may be dithered at about 400 Hz with an angular displacement of a few arc minutes.
The amplitude of the dithering must be carefully controlled and monitored to minimize the effects of lock-in. Since the dither oscillation angular velocity and displacement relative to a support structure can be constantly monitored, they may be excluded from the output signal of the ring laser gyroscope. However, it has been found that a constant dithering amplitude is inadequate to eliminate all of the effects of lock-in.
One approach to reducing lock-in error is to superimpose a random signal upon the amplitude of the dither driving amplifier. A random bias technique is described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,467,472. Several rather severe disadvantages to the random bias technique have been found, however. The phase error, even though randomized by the technique described in this patent, is not eliminated and still remains a relatively large source of error.
When the sign of the frequency difference reverses, the two beams tend to lock-in since at some point the frequency difference between the beams is zero. Since the output angle of the ring laser gyroscope is generally derived from the frequency difference, which locks in to indicate a zero rotation rate even if the actual rotation rate is non-zero, an error accumulates in the output angle. The periods of time when the two beams are locked in are usually very short so that the resulting output angle error is very small for any single sign change. Nevertheless, the error resulting from lock-in during sign reversal of the frequency difference is cumulative, and in time may become significant, particularly in precision navigational systems. This error is usually the major contributor to the random walk or random drift.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,529,311 to Morgan et al. is directed to a ring laser gyros system in which the phase relationship between a pair of beams is accounted for. This phase may be used in a feedback loop for error control or it may be utilized to generate a set of error parameters for error correction. Morgan et al. regards the phase offset and the coupling efficiency of the two beams as being independent of time and temperature. However, the phase offset and the beam coupling efficiency are time and temperature dependent, which limits the accuracy of the error correction disclosed in Morgan et al.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,248,534 to Elbert is directed to the elimination of errors induced in dithered ring laser gyroscopes. Elbert discloses the use of a regression algorithm for minimizing lock-in. For a short time on both sides of zero velocity a trace of the rotation rate is stored in a computer memory. When there is no lock-in, this trace is a parabola. Deviations from the parabola are indicative of the lock-in rate.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,473,297 to Simpson et al. is directed to the use of phase differences between the alternating components in the counterpropagating beams to minimize lockin in a ring laser gyroscope. Signals indicative of the phase difference in the separate beams are input to a mirror driver circuit that drives two cavity length control mirrors to control the phase difference. Simpson et al discloses that the preferred phase difference between the beams for minimum lock-in is 180.degree..

Apparatus and method for correcting ring laser gyroscope phase errors at turnaround


A data processing apparatus capable of efficiently collecting information useful for network failure analysis. If image data transmission to a host computer has failed, a packet acquisition start instruction is given from a data transmission control unit to a packet acquisition control unit. Subsequently, image data is retransmitted to the host computer. After completion of the image data retransmission, a packet acquisition termination instruction is given to the packet acquisition control unit.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a data processing apparatus capable of communicating with an information processing apparatus via a network and acquiring packets flowing through the network, and relates to a control method for the data processing apparatus and a storage medium storing a program for executing the control method.
2. Description of the Related Art
In recent years, various devices such as information processing apparatuses (e.g., personal computers (PCs)) and data processing apparatuses (e.g., copying machines and printers) are connected to an enterprise network, and the number of devices continues to increase. In addition, different networks are connected together. Thus, the scale of networks becomes larger. On the other hand, once a network failure occurs, there is a fear that a large number of devices connected to the network are affected and business operations are disturbed.
The cause of network failure is multiple such as an erroneous setting of a device connected to the network and an excess traffic. Thus, upon occurrence of a network failure, it is necessary to promptly locate the cause of the network failure and take an appropriate countermeasure. As effective means for locating the cause of network failure, it is generally known to acquire network packets and analyze the content thereof.
Heretofore, to acquire network packets, a dedicated PC must be connected to a network considered to have trouble and packet acquisition software must be executed on the PC. In recent years, however, some data processing apparatus has a packet acquisition function and is able to acquire and hold communication packets flowing through a network.
For example, Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 2001-274806 discloses a technique of using a packet acquisition function of a data processing apparatus to acquire packets flowing through a network during a given time period, analyzing the acquired packets, and making a network setting of the data processing apparatus based on an analysis result.
As described above, it is known to use a data processing apparatus to acquire packets flowing through a network for a given time period or at a timing set by a user. With the packet acquisition of this type, it is unnecessary to provide and connect to a network a PC dedicated for packet acquisition to identify the cause of network failure relating to the data processing apparatus (e.g., a copying machine) such as a printing speed reduction, thereby making it possible to reduce the effort for investigation of the cause of network failure.
However, the conventional data processing apparatus having a packet acquisition function has a problem that it is difficult to acquire packets at an appropriate timing upon occurrence of a network failure relating to the data processing apparatus.
For example, in the case of a network failure where transmission of an image obtained by scanning an original from the data processing apparatus to a server on the network occasionally fails, image transmission can sometimes be performed successfully when the data processing apparatus acquires packets for investigation of the cause of the network failure. In that case, the cause of such occasional network failure cannot be identified.
To obviate this, it appears possible to continue the packet acquisition by the data processing apparatus until a network failure occurs. In that case, however, problems are posed that heavy load is applied to a CPU of the data processing apparatus, a large-capacity memory resource (hard disk) is required, the memory resource is consumed wastefully, and the ordinary operation of the data processing apparatus is adversely affected.

Data processing apparatus, and control method and storage medium therefor


An electrified monorail assembly includes a track having a length, a plurality of electrically conductive buss bars disposed along the length of the track, and a controller disposed on the track. The controller is in electrical communication with the plurality electrically conductive of buss bars, and configured to selectively energize the plurality of electrically conductive buss bars. The assembly further includes a proximity sensor disposed on the track and in communication with the controller, the proximity sensor configured to detect the presence of a trolley assembly on the track.

Electrified monorail conveyor systems are often employed in assembly and manufacturing environments to move component parts from one location within an assembly environment (often a factory) to another station. Such systems generally are quieter and cleaner to operate than conveyor systems that use chains to pull part carriers along a predetermined path. However, electrified monorail conveyor systems have traditionally been fairly costly to implement, which has in some applications limited their applicability. Typical electrified monorail conveyor systems often include a plurality of tractor assemblies, sometimes referred to as "carrier" assemblies that are independently propelled along an electrified track. For simplicity these will be referred to simply as "trolley assemblies". The trolley assemblies typically carry a part or subassembly thereon from one station of an assembly or processing facility to another station. Typically each trolley assembly has its own electronic controller that is mounted thereon, and uses control signals transmitted along one or more conductors extending along the track to control motion of its associated carrier assembly. Obviously, the need to include an electronic controller for each and every carrier assembly adds significant cost to the overall system.


A method of downloading a main code to a flash memory is provided. The method includes: comparing the size of the buffer with the size of the flash memory and determining a number of stages or segments in which the main code is to be downloaded to the flash memory based on the comparison results; obtaining a plurality of sub-main codes by dividing the main code by the determined number; generating a plurality of flash loader codes corresponding to the sub-main codes; and downloading the sub-main codes to the flash memory using the flash loader codes. Accordingly, it is possible to use the entire storage capacity of the flash memory even when the flash memory size is not smaller than the buffer size.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method of downloading a main code to a flash memory and, more particularly, to a method of downloading a main code to a flash memory, which divides a main code into a plurality of portions and downloads the portions of the main code to a flash memory
2. Description of the Related Art
In general, ROMs are nonvolatile memories which are not erased even when turned them off. ROMs include a mask ROM, which is programmed by a manufacturer, and an electronically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), which is electronically programmable and erasable repeatedly.
A flash memory is an improved version of an EEPROM. The flash memory is erasable at one time or in a plurality of stages in units of blocks or sectors or in units of bits of a program stored therein. The structure of the flash memory is similar to the structure of a disc-type auxiliary memory device, which is divided into a plurality of sectors and formatted in units of the sectors.
A main code is downloaded to the flash memory. The main code enables the flash memory to perform printed circuit board (PCB) operations. Here, the PCB operations are basic operations that are performed in the flash memory when the flash memory is turned on, such as a test operation.
FIGS. 1A through 1C are diagrams illustrating a conventional method of downloading a main code to a flash memory. Referring to FIG. 1A, a main code 120 and a flash loader code 110 are integrated into an integration code 130. The flash loader code 110 is a code needed for writing the main code 120 to a flash memory 150.
Referring to FIG. 1B, the integration code 130 is downloaded to a buffer 140. Referring to FIG. 1C, the flash loader code 110 contained in the integration code 130 enables only the main code 120 to be downloaded to the flash memory 150.
In a conventional engine chip (CPU), a buffer is larger than a flash memory, and thus, a main code can be downloaded to the flash memory at one time using the conventional method of downloading a main code to a flash memory.
However, the conventional method of downloading a main code to a flash memory has a problem for an engine chip having a flash memory larger than a buffer. In other words, according to the conventional method of downloading a main code to a flash memory, it is impossible to use the entire storage capacity of a flash memory when an engine chip has a flash memory larger than a buffer.

Method of downloading main code to flash memory


A new and distinct Eremophila glabra cultivar named ‘EREM1’ which is characterized by a prostrate growth habit with a vigorous growth rate, silver ovate foliage, and the stability of these characteristics from generation to generation.

Parentage: 'EREM1' is a naturally-occurring whole plant mutation of a low-growing Eremophila glabra plant (unnamed and unpatented) which was discovered in September of 2013 by the inventor at his commercial nursery in Clarendon, New South Wales, Australia. In 2012, the parent plant was asexually reproduced by way of stem cuttings. Of the resulting plants, one plant in particular exhibited improved plant vigor and a prostrate growth habit. The new plant was isolated and grown to a mature size to confirm the distinctness and stability of the characteristics initially observed. After further evaluation and confirmation of the desirable traits, the claimed plant was selected for commercialization and given the breeder denomination, 'EREM1'.
Asexual Reproduction: 'EREM1' was first asexually reproduced by way of softwood stem cuttings in 2013 at the inventor's nursery in Clarendon, New South Wales, Australia. It was found to grow uniform and reproduce in a stable manner and 5 successive cycles of vegetative propagation have proven to be true to type also.


Devices for determining the concentration of an analyte in a fluid are provided. Also provided are systems and kits for use in practicing the subject methods.

A variety of medical diagnostic procedures involve tests on biological fluids, such as blood, urine, or saliva, and are based on a change in a physical characteristic of such a fluid or an element of the fluid, such as interstitial fluid, blood, etc.
A variety of devices have been developed for performing tests on fluids. In many such devices, fluid is introduced into the device at one location but analyzed at another. In such devices, movement of the introduced fluid from the introduction location to the measurement location is necessary. As such, these devices require a reliable way in which to move fluid from an introduction site to a measurement site easily and without adversely affecting the fluid.
A variety of different design configurations have been developed to provide for this fluid movement. One type of device relies on capillary action to move fluid through the device, where the fluid paths through the device are dimensioned to provide for this capillary action. Other designs include those intended for use with gravity, those intended for use with injection of the sample under pressure, and the like. However, moving fluid using these types of device may not be completely reliable. For example, gravity may not provide enough force to efficiently move a fluid in a flow path or flow may not be controllable.
As the interest in devices for testing an analyte continues, a need for devices that are capable of reliably moving fluid between different areas of the device remains.


A measuring device serves the purpose of testing a location tracking of a device under test. The measuring device comprises a global navigation satellite system simulator adapted to wirelessly transmit a radio frequency global navigation satellite system signal to a device under test, and a base station simulator adapted to wirelessly transmit a real-time kinematic signal to the device under test. The measuring device is adapted to compare a location, determined by the device under test based on the radio frequency global navigation satellite system signal and the real-time kinematic signal, with an ideal location, upon which the radio frequency global navigation satellite system signal and the real-time kinematic signal are based.

Global navigation satellite systems have been in operation for decades now. The accuracy of such systems is only in the range of several dozens of meters. Only by employing ground-based reference stations, the accuracy can be increased. In order to do so, real-time kinematics are used. For example, in a mobile telephone system, a base station sends real-time kinematic signals to mobile stations in order to increase the accuracy of the built-in global navigation satellite system receivers of the mobile stations.
For example U.S. Pat. No. 9,519,063B2 shows such a global navigation satellite system using real-time kinematics.
Accordingly, there is a need for a measuring device and a measuring method able to evaluate the ability of a device under test to process global navigation satellite system signals and real-time kinematic signals.

Measuring device and measuring method for testing a location tracking employing real time kinematics


An active matrix liquid crystal device comprises an active matrix substrate (1) and a counter electrode substrate separated by a layer of liquid crystal material. A temperature sensing capacitor (11) comprises electrodes on the substrates separated by the liquid crystal layer, which thus forms the dielectric of the capacitor. A reference capacitor (CREF) and a calibration capacitor (CCAL) are also provided and have nominally the same capacitance. These capacitors form part of charge-transfer capacitance measuring branches (25, 26, 30) within a sample/hold circuit (12). During a calibration cycle, the sample/hold circuit (12) provides a signal dependent on the difference between the capacitances of the calibration capacitor (CCAL) and the reference capacitor (CREF) and this is supplied to an analog/digital converter (20-22, 31, 32), which forms a reference voltage. During subsequent parts of the measurement cycle, the converter converts the output of the sample/hold circuit using the reference voltage in order to improve the accuracy of measurement of the liquid crystal capacitor (11), and hence the temperature of the liquid crystal material. This temperature measurement may be used, for example, to compensate the AMLCD for the effects of temperature variation in the liquid crystal properties.

Display devices utilising liquid crystal (LC) have historically suffered degraded image quality through loss of contrast ratio as a result of temperature-induced changes in the optical properties of the liquid crystal material. In particular, the voltage-transmission curve of a liquid crystal is related to its temperature, as shown in FIG. 1 of the accompanying drawings.
A well-known solution for this degradation in image quality is to provide a temperature controlled contrast ratio compensation system comprising means for measuring the temperature of the display and means for altering the voltages applied to the display based on this measurement. Such a system is disclosed for a segmented liquid crystal display in EP0012479 and for an AMLCD in U.S. Pat. No. 5,926,162.
Alternatively, a temperature control system may be provided comprising means for measuring the temperature of the display and a heating element to maintain the display at a constant temperature. Such a system is disclosed in JP7230079. In general, systems based on the heating element method are undesirable compared to the driving voltage compensation method due to the increased power consumption associated with the heating element.
Conventional solutions for measuring the temperature rely on attaching a discrete temperature detection element to the display, for example as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,029,982. Disadvantages of this method include: indirect measurement of the liquid crystal temperature (it is the temperature of the glass, or substrate on which the detection element is mounted, that is actually being measured and not the LC); extra connections to the display reducing reliability; and extra components and fabrication steps raising the cost.
In order to reduce fabrication cost, a liquid crystal temperature sensor may be fabricated with the temperature detection element integrated on the display substrate itself, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,414,740. In this disclosure, the temperature detection element is a thin-film diode or thin-film transistor that has a temperature related drain current measured by circuitry separate to the display substrate. Thus the device still has the disadvantages of performing indirect measurement of temperature and requiring extra connections to the display. An additional disadvantage is that the process variation typical of elements integrated onto the display substrate limits the accuracy of such systems.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,333,728 discloses an improved arrangement in which the temperature detection element is formed as a liquid crystal capacitor. The advantage of using a liquid crystal capacitor as the temperature detection element is that it has a one to one transfer function when relating the sensed temperature to the optical performance of the display pixels. The transient response of the liquid crystal capacitor to an input ramp voltage is used as a measure of temperature. In a first embodiment, a differentiator is used to detect the maximum rate of change of this transient response and a peak detection circuit is subsequently used to generate a voltage corresponding to the location of the maximum rate. This voltage is compared with a reference and a heating element is switched on/off according to the relative value. In a second embodiment, a switch arrangement is used to sample the transient response at a defined time. The voltage sampled at this defined time is a function of the capacitance of the liquid crystal element and hence of the temperature. A differential integrator compares the sampled voltage with a reference and its output is used to control the heating element.
In both above embodiments, the system supplies an output voltage corresponding to the difference between a measured temperature-dependant voltage and a reference voltage. Whilst this is suitable for on/off control of a heating element, as in a control loop, disadvantageously the system does not supply a measure of absolute temperature as would be required in a preferred driving voltage compensation system. It is unlikely that this system may be modified to achieve accurate absolute temperature measurements in a practical display system for the following reasons:                the transient response approach to measuring the capacitance of the liquid crystal element requires a ramp input voltage of constant slope. This is difficult to achieve in practice requiring a significant increase in complexity of the display driving circuits;        it is difficult to accurately define capacitor values, including the liquid crystal capacitor element, in practice. Reference voltages and timing signals supplied to the system therefore need to be uniquely calibrated for each display.


In one embodiment, a digital X-ray detector is provided with a plurality of pixel regions. Each pixel region includes a first photodiode having a first area and a second photodiode having a second area equal to or smaller than the first area. The digital X-ray detector also includes a shielding structure that overlies the first and second photodiodes of each pixel region with the shielding structure shielding proportionally less of the first photodiode than of the second photodiode to provide the first photodiode with a first sensitivity and the second photodiode with a second sensitivity lower than the first sensitivity.

The subject matter disclosed herein relates to digital imaging systems, and particularly to increasing the dynamic range of digital X-ray detectors.
Digital X-ray imaging systems are becoming increasingly widespread for producing digital data which can be reconstructed into useful radiographic images. In current digital X-ray imaging systems, radiation from a source is directed toward a subject, typically a patient in a medical diagnostic application. A portion of the radiation passes through the patient and impacts a detector. The surface of the detector converts the radiation to light photons which are sensed. The detector is divided into a matrix of discrete picture elements or pixels, and encodes output signals based upon the quantity or intensity of the radiation impacting each pixel region. Because the radiation intensity is altered as the radiation passes through the patient, the images reconstructed based upon the output signals provide a projection of the patient's tissues similar to those available through conventional photographic film techniques.
Digital X-ray imaging systems are particularly useful due to their ability to collect digital data which can be reconstructed into the images required by radiologists and diagnosing physicians, and stored digitally or archived until needed. In conventional film-based radiography techniques, actual films were prepared, exposed, developed and stored for use by the radiologist. While the films provide an excellent diagnostic tool, particularly due to their ability to capture significant anatomical detail, they are inherently difficult to transmit between locations, such as from an imaging facility or department to various physician locations. The digital data produced by direct digital X-ray systems, on the other hand, can be processed and enhanced, stored, transmitted via networks, and used to reconstruct images which can be displayed on monitors and other soft copy displays at any desired location. Similar advantages are offered by digitizing systems which convert conventional radiographic images from film to digital data.
Despite their utility in capturing, storing and transmitting image data, digital X-ray systems are still overcoming a number of challenges. For example, X-ray systems may be employed for a range of different types of examination, including radiographic and fluoroscopic imaging. Among other distinctions, these two types of imaging examinations are characterized by significantly different radiation levels used to generate the image data. Specifically, radiographic images employ substantially higher radiation levels than fluoroscopic images. In a number of applications, it may be desirable to perform both types of imaging procedures sequentially to obtain different types of data. However, current digital X-ray systems may encounter difficulties in performing both fluoroscopic and radiographic imaging with the same detector. It should be noted that such detectors are used in a number of other applications and settings. For example, in addition to projection X-ray applications, digital X-ray detectors are used for computed tomography imaging as well as for tomosynthesis imaging. Moreover, such systems are increasingly used for parcel and baggage inspection, for security systems (e.g., airport security), screening systems, industrial part inspection, and so forth.
Specifically, current digital X-ray systems employ amorphous silicon detectors with arrays of photodiodes and thin film transistors beneath an X-ray scintillator. Incident X-rays interact with the scintillator to emit light photons which are absorbed by the photodiodes, creating electron-hole pairs. The diodes, which are initially charged with several volts of reverse bias, are thereby discharged in proportion to the intensity of the X-ray illumination. The thin film transistor switches associated with the diodes are then activated sequentially, and the diodes are recharged through charge sensitive circuitry, with the charge needed for this process being measured.
However, the dynamic range (i.e., minimum and maximum exposure) of the amorphous silicon detectors is limited by the amount of charge that can be integrated in each pixel at certain exposure levels. At high exposures, saturation may occur and the signals obtained may not be representative of the number of photons or the intensity of radiation impacting individual pixel regions of the detector surface. As a result, details may be lost in the reconstructed images. As mentioned above, some of these detectors perform both radiographic and fluoroscopic imaging. Detectors used in fluoroscopy typically need the highest possible conversion factor with the lowest possible electronic noise; however, these detectors tend to have maximum exposure levels below those desirable for radiographic operation. Thus, detectors used in both radiographic and fluoroscopic operations are generally compromised as to one of these imaging operations.

Digital X-ray detector with increased dynamic range


A filling apparatus for serially filling multiple lanes of containers includes a plurality of piston pumps which receive flowable product from an associated source. Each pump includes a reciprocably movable pump piston, which can “float” upwardly during a filling stroke, as each pump is filled with product delivered thereto under pressure. The pump pistons can move upwardly independently, until each reaches a predetermined position, corresponding to the quantity of product with which each container is to be filled. After all of the pistons reach their respective predetermined positions, valves of the pumps are simultaneously operated, and the pistons simultaneously stroked so that respective containers are filled with the flowable product. The multiple lanes of containers are thereafter indexed, and the filling cycle repeated.

Heretofore, various arrangements are known for effecting filling of containers with flowable product, such as ice cream or the like. This type of product, sometimes referred to as "high overrun", can be problematic to fill effectively, in view of the air which the product contains. Accurate and efficient filling of containers can be complicated by the nature of such high overrun products.
Heretofore, filling arrangements have typically been configured as a "single lane", that is, with a single source of the flowable product serially and individually filling containers as they are moved with respect to the product source. Use of servo-lift tables for holding each container as it is filled, such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,787,687, hereby incorporated by reference, permits accurate container filling, with the servo-lift table generally functioning ad a servo-weight cell control.
While in previous systems the lift table was the trigger for controlling flow, the present invention facilitates filling of multiple lanes of containers, with the positions of pistons of multiple fill pumps utilized to manipulate product, instead of direct extrusion.


A method for positioning a vehicle, having an inductive charging coil, at a stationary inductive charging station. The method includes: recognizing an operating state of the vehicle, and/or a state of the environment of the vehicle, based on an acquired first camera image; ascertaining a suitable illumination signal for at least one illumination device of a reference element of the inductive charging station based on the recognized operating state or environmental state; emitting a control signal to the inductive charging station based on the ascertained suitable illumination signal; recognizing the reference element based on an acquired second camera image and of the ascertained suitable illumination signal; determining a relative position and/or an orientation of the vehicle based on the recognized reference element in the second camera image; and controlling the vehicle based on the determined relative position and/or of the orientation.

Manual guidance of a vehicle to an inductive charging station would in many cases not achieve the accuracy, to within centimeters, of the parked position of the vehicle which is necessary for desired efficient energy transfer. Automatic positioning of the vehicle is consequently useful for inductive charging of a vehicle at an inductive charging station. For automatic positioning of the vehicle with the requisite accuracy, however, a reference position of the vehicle with respect to the inductive charging station must be known, or ascertained or detected, with high accuracy. The tolerances or accuracy of satellite-assisted positional determination are not sufficient. Camera-based localization methods, for example, are therefore used.
An object of the present invention is to improve the automatic positioning of a vehicle at a stationary inductive charging station.

Method for positioning a vehicle, control device of the vehicle, and vehicle, and method for controlling an inductive charging station, control device of the charging station, and charging station


A display device includes: a resin substrate; a TFT layer; a bending portion; at least one inorganic film forming the TFT layer; an interlayer insulating film forming the TFT layer; and a plurality of wires forming the TFT layer, wherein the at least one inorganic film and the interlayer insulating film include an opening disposed at the bending portion, the at least one inorganic film includes a plurality of island-shaped inorganic films remaining in the opening, each of the plurality of wires overlaps a corresponding island-shaped inorganic film among the plurality of island-shaped inorganic films, and the display device includes a metal layer in a form of islands disposed between each of the plurality of wires and the corresponding island-shaped inorganic film overlapping each of the plurality of wires, the metal layer being in contact with each of the plurality of wires.

Attention has been recently drawn to self-emission organic EL display devices each using organic electroluminescence (EL) elements, as a display device instead of liquid-crystal displays. One of such organic EL display devices that has been proposed is a flexible organic EL display device in which the organic EL elements and other components are mounted on a flexible resin substrate. The organic EL display device herein has a rectangular display region for image display. Around the display region is a frame region, and this frame region needs to be scaled down. In the flexible organic EL display device, bending the frame region near a terminal to scale down the frame region, for instance, can break wires disposed in the frame region.
For instance, Patent Literature 1 discloses a flexible display device that has a bending hole, so that each of a buffer film, gate insulating film and interlayer insulating film corresponding to a bending region is partly removed to avoid a wire break.

Display device including island-shaped inorganic films


Methods for drift corrected, fast, low dose, adaptive sample imaging with a charged particle microscopy system include scanning a surface region of a sample with a charged particle beam to obtain a first image of the surface region with a first detector modality, and then determining a scan strategy for the surface region. The scan strategy comprises a charged particle beam path, a first beam dwell time associated with at least one region of interest in the first image, the first beam dwell time being sufficient to obtain statistically significant data from a second detector modality, and at least a second beam dwell time associated with other regions of the first image, wherein the first beam dwell time is different than the second beam dwell time. The surface region of the sample is then scanned with the determined scan strategy to obtain data from the first and second detector.

Charged particle microscope systems have been developed to allow scientists to investigate and gather information on how microscopic systems work. In pursuit of such knowledge, scientists push the limits of what current charged particle microscope systems are able to investigate. This is especially true on the atomic and nanoparticle evaluation where, a number of new obstacles to evaluation are experienced due to the size of the objects being investigated. For example, because atoms and nanoparticles are so small that even with the best magnification optics, the majority of an area scanned by a charged particle beam during investigation of such atoms/nanoparticles necessarily corresponds to voids and/or structures other than the atoms/nanoparticles being investigated. This means that current charged particle microscope systems waste time obtaining irrelevant data when evaluating atoms/nanoparticles. Additionally, as the nature of atoms is to create a large void between their nuclei and other atomic structures relative to their size, this problem of scanning spaces between atoms cannot be fixed by increased magnification alone.
Moreover, due to the reduced size of the structures irradiated during evaluation of atoms/nanoparticles, the samples containing the atoms/nanoparticles are more susceptible to damage caused by such irradiation. To compensate for such damage, current charged particle microscope systems reduce the beam strength and length of time the beam irradiates individual structures. While this reduction of bean strength that dwell time reduces the damage to the sample, it also reduces the amount of information obtained during each scan. Thus, to obtain statistically meaningful data current charged particle microscope systems are forced to conduct many repetitive scans (10×-1000×) of a sample before they are able to cumulatively obtain statistically significant data for the atoms/nanoparticles being investigated. This means that current evaluations of such atom/nanoparticle samples can take hours or days.
This repetition further complicates the evaluation of atoms and nanoparticles, as individual shifts between scan instances cause a drift/inaccuracy in the data cumulatively obtained across many scans. Accordingly, better methods for evaluating atoms and nanoparticles are desired to address the time, damage, and accuracy issues of present systems.

Dual speed acquisition for drift corrected, fast, low dose, adaptive compositional charged particle imaging