A connection member includes a tube extending a length along a central longitudinal axis. The tube includes a central passageway that extends through the length of the tube. The tube has a non-circular cross-sectional shape along the length of the tube. The tube includes an exterior side that defines a perimeter of the non-circular cross-sectional shape of the tube. Stamped threads are formed on the exterior side of the tube along at least a portion of the length of the tube. The stamped threads are discontinuous along the perimeter of the non-circular cross-sectional shape of the tube such that the stamped threads only extend along at least one portion of the perimeter of the non-circular cross-sectional shape of the tube.

The subject matter herein relates generally to connection members having threads for threadably connecting to other connection members.
Some known complementary electrical connectors are configured to be threadably connected together to hold the connectors together in a mated condition. Specifically, electrical connectors may include connection members that include threads that threadably engage each other to form the threaded connection between the complementary electrical connectors. The connection members are sometimes electrical contacts such that engagement between the connection members establishes an electrical connection between the complementary electrical connectors. For example, the connection members may define radially outer electrical contacts of coaxial connectors.
At least some known electrical connectors that include threaded connection members are fabricated using a screw machine process or a die casting process. For example, the threaded connection members of at least some known electrical connectors are fabricated using a screw machining or die casting process. But, screw machining and/or die casting processes may be relatively costly. Die casting and/or screw machining processes may also be relatively time consuming, which may limit the number of electrical connectors and/or threaded connection members that can be fabricated within a given amount of time. Moreover, a relatively large amount of scrap material may be generated using a screw machine process, which may increase a cost of fabricating an electrical connector and/or a threaded connection member.
A need remains for a threaded connection member of an electrical connector that is less costly to fabricate.

Tubular connection member with stamped threads on its exterior


A centrifuge comprising a rotor drive shaft including a flexible shaft surrounded by a sheath. The flexible shaft and the sheath are both rotationally secured at a first end. A second end of the flexible shaft extends beyond a second end of the sheath. A head is adapted to receive a rotor of the centrifuge. The head is rotationally secured to the second end of the flexible shaft. A member damps and limits a radial displacement of the flexible shaft with respect to the sheath. The damping and limiting member comprises an annular seal made from an elastic material. The annular seal is axially arranged about the flexible shaft and the sheath at the same level as and close to the head. A skirt is formed on head and surrounds the second end of the sheath. The skirt has an internal annular groove for receiving damping and limiting member. The skirt includes a lower transverse wall limiting the annular groove. The lower transverse wall is pierced with a bore which radially limits an offset of the flexible shaft with respect to the sheath. The damping and limiting member is arranged between the skirt and the sheath. The annular seal has a lip extending axially into the bore and is arranged radially between the skirt and the sheath.

In general, the rotor of a centrifuge rotating at very high speed is rotationally driven by a flexible shaft surrounded by a sheath. The flexible shaft and the sheath are rotationally mounted in a ball bearing race and joined to a driveshaft, most often the shaft of an electric drive motor, by means of an elastic coupling. As is known, the flexible shaft has the role of limiting the transmission, to the framework of the centrifuge, of the vibrations generated by the rotor and due, for example, to the manufacturing tolerances or to a poor distribution of the load.
It is also known that when the flexible shaft equipped with the rotor is rotating it tends to rotate about its axis of inertia. This axis passes through the center of gravity of the shaft/rotor assembly. More precisely, after a first phase of flexing of the shaft generated by the out-of-balance force of the assembly, the gyroscopic effect generates a righting torque and, as a final result, the axis of rotation passes through the center of gravity of the assembly. This first phase, which is stabilized, is obtained at a speed of rotation of the order of 400 to 1,000 rpm, which, of course, is a function of the shaft, of the rotor, and of the out-of-balance force. This final axis of rotation is radially offset parallel to the geometric assembly axis of the assembly.
It has already been proposed to limit, on the one hand, and on the other hand to damp, this radial offset. This is the case, for example, in the assembly described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,568,324. In this patent, an elastic seal is located between the flexible shaft and the sheath secured to the shaft in order to damp the radial offset. Moreover, the radial offset is limited by a fixed sleeve secured to the framework surrounding the flexible shaft and carrying a ball bearing at an axial distance from the elastic damping seal. The radial offset is limited by the radial clearance existing between the flexible shaft and the internal raceway of the rolling-contact bearing. This assembly exhibits the following drawbacks. On the one hand, when this radial clearance is absorbed, the shaft abuts against the internal raceway of the rolling-contact bearing when the latter is at rest. This gives rise to a rapid deterioration of the shaft. On the other hand, due to the relative arrangement of the rotor, the rolling-contact bearing and the elastic seal, the latter is distant from the rotor, which is the main source of out-of-balance force and vibrations, and damping is not conveniently achieved.
The object of the present invention is to overcome the above described drawbacks.

Centrifuge including a rotor driveshaft with an elastic damping seal and corresponding shaft


A method for transmitting an uplink control channel at a terminal in a Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA)-based mobile communication system is provided. The transmission method includes receiving a control channel index allocated from a base station; transmitting control information at every symbol through a subband and a Zadoff-Chue sequence offset resource, which are mapped to the control channel index according to a first grouping rule; and transmitting control information through a subband and a Zadoff-Chue sequence offset resource, which are mapped to the control channel index according to a second grouping rule, beginning from a symbol after a slot boundary.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to a mobile communication system, and in particular, to a method and apparatus for transmitting uplink control channels.
2. Description of the Related Art
Recently, in mobile communication systems, a discussion is being held on a technology of applying Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) in the uplink, which is a transmission link from a terminal (or a User Equipment (UE)) to a base station (or Node B).
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an internal structure of a transmitter for implementing SC-FDMA in a frequency domain according to the prior art.
Referring to FIG. 1, a channel encoder 101 performs a specific channel encoding process on an input information bit stream. A block encoder, a convolutional encoder, a turbo encoder or a Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) encoder can be used as the channel encoder 101. A channel interleaver 102 performs specific channel interleaving on the input signal output from the channel encoder 101. Although omitted in FIG. 1, a rate matching block composed of a repeater and a puncturer can be interposed between the channel encoder 101 and the channel interleaver 102.
A modulator 103 performs a modulation process, such as Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), 8-ary Phase Shift Keying (8PSK), 16-ary Q Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (16QAM), etc., on the input signal output from the channel interleaver 102. The output signal of the modulator 103 is multiplied by a gain corresponding to each physical layer channel according to a predetermined rule by means of a relative gain unit 104. A serial-to-parallel converter 105 converts the serial signal output from the relative gain unit 104 into a parallel signal. The output of the serial-to-parallel converter 105 undergoes Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) by means of an FFT unit 106. A sub-carrier mapper 107 maps the FFT-transformed signal to sub-carriers according to a predetermined rule so that a signal of the terminal should occupy only a particular frequency. An Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) unit 108 IFFT-transforms the signal output from the sub-carrier mapper 107, and a parallel-to-serial converter 109 converts the parallel signal output from the IFFT unit 108 into a serial signal. A CP adder 110 adds a Cyclic Prefix (CP) to the signal output from the parallel-to-serial converter 109 according a predetermined rule, and the CP-added signal passes through a baseband filter 111, generating a final baseband signal s(t).
FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an internal structure of a receiver for implementing SC-FDMA in a frequency domain.
Referring to FIG. 2, a received signal r(t) is output through a baseband filter 201. Generally, the baseband filter 201 makes a pair with the baseband filter 111 of FIG. 1. The output of the baseband filter 201 is input to a CP remover 202 where a CP part is removed therefrom according to a predetermined rule. The CP-removed serial signal is input to a serial-to-parallel converter 203 where it is converted into a parallel signal. The output of the serial-to-parallel converter 203 undergoes FFT transform in an FFT unit 204, and then input to a sub-carrier demapper 205. The sub-carrier demapper 205 extracts sub-carriers mapped by the sub-carrier mapper 107 of FIG. 1. The extracted sub-carriers are input to a channel equalizer 206 where they undergo a predetermined channel equalization process. Although the channel equalization process includes various possible methods, a detailed description thereof will be omitted herein since the channel equalization methods are not the gist of the present invention. The output of the channel equalizer 206 passes through an IFFT unit 207, and then input to a parallel-to-serial converter 208 where it is converted into a serial signal. The serial signal is input to a demodulator 209 where it undergoes a predetermined demodulation process corresponding to 16QAM, 8PSK, QPSK, etc. The output of the demodulator 209 is input to a channel deinterleaver 210 where it undergoes a predetermined deinterleaving process. The output of the channel deinterleaver 210 is input to a channel decoder 211 where it undergoes a predetermined channel decoding process, detecting final information.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a scheme for transmitting control channels in an SC-FDMA based system according to the prior art. In FIG. 3, the horizontal axis represents the time domain, and the vertical axis represents the frequency domain.
One SC-FDMA symbol denoted by reference numeral 301 is a symbol generated according to the operation described in FIG. 1, i.e., one CP-added symbol, and it corresponds to an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol in the normal OFDM system. The SC-FDMA symbol 301 is also called an SC-FDMA block. Reference numeral 302 represents one subframe. The subframe 302 is a time unit in which one packet of data or control information is transmitted, and it corresponds to 1 ms. The subframe 302 is composed of 14 SC-FDMA symbols 301. One slot denoted by reference numeral 303 is 0.5 ms corresponding to a half of the subframe 302, and it is composed of 7 SC-FDMA symbols 301. One subband denoted by reference numeral 304 is a basic unit for resource allocation in the frequency domain, and it is composed of 12 sub-carriers in this system. In FIG. 3, the system is composed of N subbands.
Reference numerals 305 to 308 show a detailed method in which control information is transmitted. The control information corresponds to information such as Channel Quality Indicator (CQI), Acknowledge (ACK)/Negative ACK (NACK), etc. Reference numerals 305 to 308 show how resources such as frequency, code, time, etc. are used in transmitting the control information. Shown by reference numeral 305 is an occasion where a control channel index (control channel ID) #0 is transmitted using time resources corresponding to 7 SC-FDMA symbols of the first slot, using code resource of a Zadoff-Chue (ZC) sequence offset #0, and using frequency resource corresponding to a subband #0. In addition, shown by reference numeral 308 is an occasion where the control channel index (control channel ID) #0 is transmitted using time resources corresponding to 7 SC-FDMA symbols of the second slot, using code resource of a ZC sequence offset #0, and using frequency resource corresponding to a subband #(N−1).
Changing the subband at the slot boundary as stated above is to obtain frequency diversity. The term 'ZC sequence offset' as used herein indicates one code resource. That is, the ZC sequence has a property that there is orthogonality between sequences generated by cyclic-shifting one given ZC sequence by differentiating their offsets, making it possible to generate multiple codes (sequences). Therefore, the expression 'differentiating an offset value' may mean 'using different codes'.
The occasion shown by reference numerals 305 to 308 in FIG. 3 will be described with reference to one more example. In the occasion shown by reference numeral 306, a control channel index (control channel ID) #7 is transmitted using time resources corresponding to 7 SC-FDMA symbols of the first slot, using code resource of a ZC sequence offset #2, and using frequency resource corresponding to a subband #1. In the occasion shown by reference numeral 307, a control channel index (control channel ID) #7 is transmitted using time resources corresponding to 7 SC-FDMA symbols of the second slot, using code resource of a ZC sequence offset #2, and using frequency resource a subband #(N−2).
Control information is transmitted from multiple terminals in the method shown by reference numerals 305 to 308 of FIG. 3. For example, the control information is transmitted over the uplink in such a manner that a terminal #1 transmits its control information through a control channel index #1, and a terminal #2 transmits its control information through a control channel index #2.
It can be appreciated from the foregoing description that different control channels use the resources which are orthogonal with each other. That is, since the different control channels use different time resources, frequency resources and code resources, and there is orthogonality between the codes, there is no interference between the control channels in the ideal environment.
Actually, however, since the orthogonal property is not perfect due to a multi-path phenomenon, a Doppler effect, etc. existing in the wireless channel environment, interference may occur between the control channels. In addition, it is general that the orthogonality is not satisfied between the time and code resources used between different cells, causing occurrence of interference.
Regarding the scheme described in FIG. 3, in the environment where interference occurs between control channels or between neighboring cells, when its load is concentrated upon any one subband, there is an inefficiency problem.
For example, let's assume that in a particular subframe, control channels #0˜#5 are all transmitted, but only the control channel #6 among control channels #6˜#11 is transmitted. In this case, the control channel #6 has no interference from other control channels in terms of inter-code interference, but the control channels #0˜#5 may give interference to each other. Generally, it is not possible to prevent the load concentration on a particular subband, and the same problem may occur even in the second slot.

Method and apparatus for transmitting uplink control channel in a mobile communication system


By using a conductive adhesive prepared by dispersing conductive particles such as a nickel filler in a thermally or optically curable adhesive comprising a base resin having heat resistance and flexibility after curing, such as EVA, PVB, acrylic resin or unsaturated polyester, as an adhesive for making the shielding conductive layer of a shielded flat cable conductive with the ground line of a cable body in a non-insulated portion and bonding the cable body to the shielding member, the heat resistance and connection reliability in a high temperature and high humidity condition of the shielded flat cable are ensured.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a flat cable for connecting a plurality of circuits or devices such as computers and communication devices and, particularly, to a shielded flat cable having a shielding layer which is made conductive with an earth cable.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In recent years, a flat cable 50 shown in FIGS. 3(a) and 3(b) has been frequently used as a connection cable for connecting devices such as computers and communication devices in place of a coaxial cable. This flat cable 50 is produced by sheathing a plurality of conductors 22 disposed in parallel to one another with an insulating member 21A except both end portions thereof, and the conductors 22 consist of a large number of signal lines 22S and at least one ground line 22G.
As is already known, a coaxial cable has excellent electromagnetic wave shielding properties as a ground line surrounds signal lines. However, in the case of the above flat cable 50, as the signal lines 22S and the ground line 22G are arranged in parallel to one another, noise is readily superimposed on the above signal lines 22S.
As a flat cable used for connecting computers and communication devices which require resistance to noise, a shielded flat cable 10A comprising an electromagnetic wave shielding layer 13 for preventing malfunctioning caused by the above noise as shown in FIGS. 4(a) to 4(c) is widely used. This shielded flat cable 10A is produced by sheathing the same cable body 11 as that of the above flat cable 50 with a film-like shielding member 14 having a shielding layer 13 made of a metal film formed on one side of an insulating substrate 12 in order to protect the above plurality of conductors 22 from an electromagnetic wave. The above cable body 11 and the shielding member 14 are bonded together by a conductive adhesive. A non-insulating portion 16 devoid of the above insulating member 21A is formed on part of the above ground line 22G, and the above shielding layer 13 and the above ground line 22G are made conductive with each other by the above conductive adhesive constituting an adhesive layer 15 in the above non-insulating portion 16. Therefore, external noise is caused to flow from the above shielding layer 13 to the ground (earth) of a device body through the above ground line 22G, thereby making it possible to ensure the electromagnetic wave shielding properties of the flat cable 10A.
As the above conductive adhesive, there is disclosed a conductive adhesive prepared by dispersing silver particles or copper particles as a conductive material in an adhesive resin essentially composed of a thermoplastic resin having heat-sealing properties, such as polyethylene, polyester or polyamide (Japanese Laid-open Patent Application No. 7-94036). However, when silver particles are used, the cost is boosted though excellent conductivity is obtained. When copper particles are used, electromagnetic wave shielding properties deteriorate along the passage of time.
As means of solving the above problems, there is proposed a method of obtaining stable electromagnetic wave shielding properties at a low cost by using an adhesive comprising a nickel filler in place of silver particles or copper particles (Japanese Laid-open Patent Application No. 11-120831).
The conductor pattern of the cable body 11 is becoming finer and finer along with the downsizing of a device, thereby increasing the resistance values of the above conductors 22 and generating heat easily with the result that the heat resistance requirement for the shielded flat cable 10A is becoming higher and higher. Further, the shielded flat cable 10A is required to improve adhesion between the cable body 11 and the shielding member 14 in order to ensure connection reliability in a high-temperature and high-humidity condition in addition to the above heat resistance.
However, as the conductive adhesive used in the adhesive layer 15 of the above conventional shielded flat cable 10A is an adhesive resin essentially composed of a thermoplastic resin, it has problems with heat resistance and the reliability of connection strength in a high-temperature and high-humidity condition.
It is an object of the present invention which has been made in view of the above problems of the prior art to provide a shielded flat cable which has excellent heat resistance and can ensure connection reliability even in a high-temperature and high-humidity condition.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a shielded flat cable comprising a cable body in which a plurality of conductors including at least one ground line is covered except at least part of the ground line with an insulating member, a shielding member having a shielding layer made of a conductive material formed on one side of an insulating substrate for sheathing the cable body, and an adhesive layer comprising an adhesive with conductive particles dispersed therein, part of the adhesive layer being in contact with a non-covered portion of the ground line for bonding the shielding member to the cable body, wherein the adhesive is a thermally or optically curable adhesive comprising a resin having heat resistance and flexibility after curing as a base resin.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a shielded flat cable, wherein the resin is an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer or a copolymer of a monomer and at least one of ethylene and vinyl acetate.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a shielded flat cable, wherein the resin is a polymer obtained by acetalizing a polyvinyl alcohol.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a shielded flat cable, wherein the content of the acetal group in the polymer is 30 mol % or more.
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a shielded flat cable, wherein the resin is a polymer obtained by acetalizing a polyvinyl alcohol, or an acrylic resin obtained by polymerizing at least one of an acrylic monomer and a methacrylic monomer.
According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a shielded flat cable, wherein the resin is a polyester unsaturated compound soluble in a solvent.
According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided a shielded flat cable, wherein the base resin is mixed with a phosphoric acid methacrylate and melamine-based resin.
According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a shielded flat cable, wherein the phosphoric acid methacrylate is used in an amount of 0.1 to 60 parts by weight and the melamine-based resin is used in an amount of 0.1 to 200 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the base resin.
According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a shielded flat cable, wherein the phosphoric acid methacrylate is one or more of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl acid phosphate and diphenyl-2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphate.
According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a shielded flat cable, wherein the melamine-based resin is one or more of melamine resin, isobutylated melamine resin, butylated melamine resin and methylated melamine resin.
According to an eleventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided a shielded flat cable, wherein the adhesive comprises an organic peroxide or optical sensitizer in an amount of 0.1 to 10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the base resin.
According to a twelfth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a shielded flat cable, wherein the adhesive comprises at least one reactive compound selected from the group consisting of an acryloxy group-containing compound and methacryloxy group-containing compound in an amount of 0.5 to 80 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the base resin.
According to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a shielded flat cable, wherein the adhesive comprises a silane coupling agent in an amount of 0.01 to 5 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the base resin.
According to a fourteenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a shielded flat cable, wherein the adhesive comprises a hydrocarbon resin in an amount of 1 to 200 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the base resin.
According to a fifteenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a shielded flat cable, wherein the amount of the conductive particles is 1 to 70 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the base resin.
According to a sixteenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a shielded flat cable, wherein the average particle diameter of the conductive particles is 0.1 to 100 xcexcm.
According to a seventeenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a shielded flat cable, wherein a metal filler is used as the conductive particles.
According to an eighteenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a shielded flat cable, wherein nickel powders are used as the metal filler.
According to a nineteenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a shielded flat cable, wherein a flame retardant film is used as the substrate of the shielding member.
Other objects, advantages and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Abstract: To further improve adhesion, a phosphoric acid methacrylate and melamine-based resin are blended with the above base resin.


The present invention relates to (R)-9-(2,5-difluorophenethyl)-4-ethyl-2-methyl-1-oxa-4,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecan-3-one salts, to pharmaceutical compositions comprising them, and to their use in therapy and/or prophylaxis of sigma receptor and/or μ-opioid receptor associated disease.

The adequate management of pain constitutes an important challenge, since currently available treatments provide in many cases only modest improvements, leaving many patients unrelieved [Turk D C, Wilson H D, Cahana A. Treatment of chronic non-cancer pain. Lancet 377, 2226-2235 (2011)]. Pain affects a big portion of the population with an estimated prevalence of around 20% and its incidence, particularly in the case of chronic pain, is increasing due to the population ageing. Additionally, pain is clearly related to comorbidities, such as depression, anxiety and insomnia, which lead to important productivity losses and socio-economic burden [Goldberg D S, McGee S J. Pain as a global public health priority. BMC Public Health. 11, 770 (2011)]. Existing pain therapies include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), opioid agonists, calcium channel blockers and antidepressants, but they are much less than optimal regarding their safety ratio. All of them show limited efficacy and a range of secondary effects that preclude their use, especially in chronic settings.
As mentioned before, there are few available therapeutic classes for the treatment of pain, and opioids are among the most effective, especially when addressing severe pain states. They act through three different types of opioid receptors (mu, kappa and gamma) which are transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Still, the main analgesic action is attributed to the activation of the μ-opioid receptor (or mu-opioid receptor or MOR). However, the general administration of MOR agonists is limited due to their important side effects, such as constipation, respiratory depression, tolerance, emesis and physical dependence [Meldrum, M. L. (Ed.). Opioids and Pain Relief: A Historical Perspective. Progress in Pain Research and Management, Vol 25. IASP Press, Seattle, 2003]. Additionally, MOR agonists are not optimal for the treatment of chronic pain as indicated by the diminished effectiveness of morphine against chronic pain conditions. This is especially proven for the chronic pain conditions of neuropathic or inflammatory origin, in comparison to its high potency against acute pain. The finding that chronic pain can lead to MOR down-regulation may offer a molecular basis for the relative lack of efficacy of morphine in long-term treatment settings [Dickenson, A. H., Suzuki, R. Opioids in neuropathic pain: Clues from animal studies. Eur J Pain 9, 113-6 (2005)]. Moreover, prolonged treatment with morphine may result in tolerance to its analgesic effects, most likely due to treatment-induced MOR down-regulation, internalization and other regulatory mechanisms. As a consequence, long-term treatment can result in substantial increases in dosing in order to maintain a clinically satisfactory pain relief, but the narrow therapeutic window of MOR agonists finally results in unacceptable side effects and poor patient compliance.
The sigma-1 (σ1) receptor was discovered 35 years ago and initially assigned to a new subtype of the opioid family, but later on and based on the studies of the enantiomers of SKF-10,047, its independent nature was established. The first link of the σ1 receptor to analgesia was established by Chien and Pasternak [Chien C C, Pasternak G W. Sigma antagonists potentiate opioid analgesia in rats. Neurosci. Lett. 190, 137-9 (1995)], who described it as an endogenous anti-opioid system, based on the finding that σ1 receptor agonists counteracted opioid receptor mediated analgesia, while 61 receptor antagonists, such as haloperidol, potentiated it.
Many additional preclinical evidences have indicated a clear role of the σ1 receptor in the treatment of pain [Zamanillo D, Romero L, Merlos M, Vela J M. Sigma-1 receptor: A new therapeutic target for pain. Eur. J. Pharmacol, 716, 78-93 (2013)]. The development of the σ1 receptor knockout mice, which show no obvious phenotype and perceive normally sensory stimuli, was a key milestone in this endeavour. In physiological conditions the responses of the σ1 receptor knockout mice to mechanical and thermal stimuli were found to be undistinguishable from WT ones but they were shown to possess a much higher resistance to develop pain behaviors than WT mice when hypersensitivity entered into play. Hence, in the σ1 receptor knockout mice capsaicin did not induce mechanical hypersensitivity, both phases of formalin-induced pain were reduced, and cold and mechanical hypersensitivity were strongly attenuated after partial sciatic nerve ligation or after treatment with paclitaxel, which are models of neuropathic pain. Many of these actions were confirmed by the use of σ1 receptor antagonists and led to the advancement of one compound, S1RA, into clinical trials for the treatment of different pain states. Compound S1RA exerted a substantial reduction of neuropathic pain and anhedonic state following nerve injury (i.e., neuropathic pain conditions) and, as demonstrated in an operant self-administration model, the nerve-injured mice, but not sham-operated mice, acquired the operant responding to obtain it (presumably to get pain relief), indicating that σ1 receptor antagonism relieves neuropathic pain and also address some of the comorbidities (i.e., anhedonia, a core symptom in depression) related to pain states.
Pain is multimodal in nature, since in nearly all pain states several mediators, signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms are implicated. Consequently, monomodal therapies fail to provide complete pain relief. Currently, combining existing therapies is a common clinical practice and many efforts are directed to assess the best combination of available drugs in clinical studies [Mao J, Gold M S, Backonja M. Combination drug therapy for chronic pain: a call for more clinical studies. J. Pain 12, 157-166 (2011)]. Hence, there is an urgent need for innovative therapeutics to address this unmet medical need.
As mentioned previously, opioids are among the most potent analgesics but they are also responsible for various adverse effects which seriously limit their use.
Accordingly, there is still a need to find compounds that have an alternative or improved pharmacological activity in the treatment of pain, being both effective and showing the desired selectivity, and having good "drugability" properties, i.e. good pharmaceutical properties related to administration, distribution, metabolism and excretion.
Alkyl derivatives of 1-oxa-4,9-diazaspiro undecane compounds are such promising dual ligands. These compounds and their synthesis are disclosed and claimed in WO 2015185209.
Alkyl derivatives of 1-oxa-4,9-diazaspiro undecane compounds bind to both the μ-opioid receptor and to the σ1 receptor. They display strong analgesic activity in the treatment and prevention of chronic and acute pain, and particularly, neuropathic pain. The compounds have the structural formula:

To carry out its pharmaceutical development and take advantage of its potential, there is a need in the art for additional forms of alkyl derivatives of 1-oxa-4,9-diazaspiro undecane compounds that will facilitate the preparation of better formulations of this active pharmaceutical ingredient.
In particular, (R)-9-(2,5-difluorophenethyl)-4-ethyl-2-methyl-1-oxa-4,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecan-3-one is one of such promising σ1-μ receptor ligands. The compound and its synthesis are disclosed and claimed in WO 2015185209.
(R)-9-(2,5-difluorophenethyl)-4-ethyl-2-methyl-1-oxa-4,9-diazaspiro[5.5] undecan-3-one is a new compound that shows both antagonist affinity for the sigma-1 receptor and agonist affinity for the mu-opioid receptor. However, as a free base is an oily product and hence not convenient for formulation development. The study of salt formation is desirable in order to identify suitable salts that could provide an important advantage to the formulation of this compound.
(R)-9-(2,5-difluorophenethyl)-4-ethyl-2-methyl-1-oxa-4,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecan-3-one displays strong analgesic activity in the treatment and prevention of chronic and acute pain, and particularly, neuropathic pain. The compound has a molecular weight of 353.1 Da and a pKa of 7.9. The structural formula of the compound is:

To carry out its pharmaceutical development and take advantage of its potential, there is a need in the art for additional forms of (R)-9-(2,5-difluorophenethyl)-4-ethyl-2-methyl-1-oxa-4,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecan-3-one that will facilitate the preparation of better formulations of this active pharmaceutical ingredient.
In this regard, alternative forms of the compound may have widely different properties such as, for example, enhanced thermodynamic stability, higher purity or improved bioavailability (e.g. better absorption, dissolution patterns). Specific compound forms could also facilitate the manufacturing (e.g. enhanced flowability), handling and storage (e.g. non-hygroscopic, long shelf life) of the compound formulations or allow the use of a lower dose of the therapeutic agent, thus decreasing its potential side effects. Thus, it is important to provide such forms, having improved properties for pharmaceutical use.


A voltage converting apparatus and a sub-harmonic detector are disclosed. The sub-harmonic detector includes a pulse eliminating circuit, a counter, and a comparator. The pulse eliminating circuit receives a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal and a reference PWM signal having a same period. The PWM signal and reference PWM signal has a plurality of pulses and reference pulses respectively. The pulse eliminating circuit eliminates at least one part of the pulses which overlap with the reference pulses for generating a processed signal. The counter counts the processed signal and the PWM signal during a time period to obtain first and second counting values. The comparator compares the first and second counting values for detecting whether a sub-harmonic condition happens or not in the PWM signal.

1. Technical Field
The disclosure relates to a voltage converting apparatus, and especially to a sub-harmonic detector of the voltage converting apparatus.
2. Related Art
Referring to FIG. 1, FIG. 1 illustrates a circuit diagram of a conventional voltage converting apparatus 100. The voltage converting apparatus 100 includes an oscillator 110, an OR gate 120, a SR latch SR1 and a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal generator constructed by comparators CMP1 and CMP2, and the voltage converting apparatus 100 further includes a power transistor PM, a transformer T1, a resistor RS and a rectifier 130. Therein, the oscillator 110, the OR gate 120, the SR latch SR1 and the PWM signal generator constructed by comparators CMP1 and CMP2 are used for generating a PWM signal PWM to control an on-or-off action of the power transistor PM.
The resistor RS is used for detecting a current flowing from a source terminal of the power transistor PM, and thereby generating a detected voltage VCS. In the conventional technical field, a comparison of the detected voltage voltage VCS and a reference voltage VCL is performed through the comparator CMP2, and a result of comparison generated by the comparator CMP2 is provided to the OR gate 120 as a basis for generating the PWM signal PWM by the SR latch. More specifically, the comparator CMP2 may be used for preventing from the condition that an excessive current flows from the source terminal of the power transistor PM.
Referring to both FIGS. 2A and 2B for the following, FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate waveform diagrams of the conventional voltage converting apparatus 100 in different states. Therein, in FIG. 2A, the power transistor PM in the voltage converting apparatus 100 generates a driving current to make the detected voltage VCS equal to the reference voltage VCL, wherein the detected voltage VCS obtained at different timings TP1-TP3 are detected voltages VCS11, VSC12 and VCS13. Thus, it can be seen that voltage values of the detected voltage VCS of different periods are approximate, and thereby make the PWM signal generator of the voltage converting apparatus 100 generate the PWM signal PWM having a stable pulse width. In comparison, in FIG. 2B, the power transistor PM in the voltage converting apparatus 100 generates a driving current to make the detected voltage VCS equal to the reference voltage VCL, wherein the detected voltage VCS obtained at different timings TP1-TP3 are detected voltages VCS21, VSC22 and VCS23. Thus, it can be seen that the difference between the values of the detected voltage VCS of different periods is larger, and the pulse width of the PWM signal PWM generated by the PWM signal generator of the voltage converting apparatus 100 fluctuates, generating a so-called sub-harmonic condition (also known as a fluctuating condition).

Voltage converting apparatus and sub-harmonic detector thereof


In the diffusion-weighted imaging, amounts of distortion and amounts of phase offset of k-space data due to a temporally changing magnetic field error induced by eddy currents and vibrations associated with application of a diffusion-weighted gradient magnetic field pulse are corrected with good precision to improve image quality. Characteristic data for correcting distortion of k-space data are calculated for every position in the slice direction as peak shifts of projections observed between the cases of applying and not applying an MPG pulse. As the characteristic data, amounts of distortion in the read-out direction and the phase encoding direction and phase offset amounts in a slice plane are calculated.

A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) device is a medical diagnostic imaging device, which applies a radio frequency magnetic field and a gradient magnetic field to a subject placed in a static magnetic field, detects signals generated by nuclear magnetic resonance in the subject, and forms an image from the signals.
As a method capable of obtaining images in which cerebral infarction at an acute stage, tumors etc. are emphasized with high signal strength, there is the diffusion-weighted imaging in which imaging is performed with emphasizing diffusion of water molecules. Since cerebral infarction at an acute stage is in a state of cellular edema, such diffusion is suppressed. Further, such diffusion is also suppressed in tumors densely containing cells. Therefore, in the diffusion-weighted imaging, diffusion coefficients of these sites become smaller than those of other tissues, and signals from them are detected with higher strengths.
As a typical imaging technique for obtaining diffusion-weighted images, there is the diffusion-weighted echo planar imaging. This method is an ultra high-speed imaging technique based on the single shot echo planar imaging, additionally using an MPG (motion probing gradient, diffusion-weighted gradient magnetic field) pulse, which is a gradient magnetic field pulse for emphasizing the diffusion. Since the MPG pulse generally has a higher strength and is applied for a relatively longer time, eddy currents and vibrations thereby induced result in fluctuation of magnetic field, which eventually degrades image quality.
There is a technique for suppressing influence of eddy currents by measuring eddy currents generated upon applying MPG as gradient magnetic field components of the slice direction, and applying a gradient magnetic field so as to cancel the components at the time of main scan (refer to, for example, Non-patent document 1).
In that technique, signals are measured by using a pulse sequence for the diffusion-weighted echo planar imaging with read-out gradient magnetic field pulse strength and phase-encoding gradient magnetic field strength of zero. This measurement is performed for positions of a plurality of slices in a predetermined slice direction, and temporal change of the magnetic field induced by MPG is measured for each slice position. Then, the change of the magnetic field is fitted with a linear function to obtain temporal change of the static magnetic field and temporal change of the gradient magnetic field in the slice direction. The absolute term of the obtained linear function represents the static magnetic field component generated by MPG, and the first order term represents the gradient magnetic field component in the slice direction. At the time of the diffusion-weighted imaging, a static magnetic field and a gradient magnetic field of the slice direction are applied so as to cancel those static magnetic field component and gradient magnetic field component, and thereby suppress the eddy currents generated by MPG.
Moreover, there is also a method for suppressing artifacts by a post-processing using temporal change of the magnetic field induced due to eddy currents generated by MPG, which is obtained by the aforementioned technique, not applying a gradient magnetic field for canceling them at the time of imaging (refer to, for example, Non-patent document 2). In this technique, phase shift (phase offset) and distortion of k-space data are calculated from the static magnetic field components and the gradient magnetic field components measured as described above, and images are corrected by phase offset correction and gridding to eliminate the influences of the eddy currents induced by MPG.


An electrode and separator composite comprises a separator and an electrode embedded in a polymer matrix. Application of an electrode slurry to a polymer coated separator and subsequent drying in a solvent enriched atmosphere forms a secondary battery structure characterized by a seamless composite structure.

In the construction of any battery, six elements must be present, namely, a positive and negative electrode, a housing, a separator, an electrolyte, and current collectors. These elements are incorporated into lithium ion batteries in thin sheets. The joining of the electrodes with the separator in lithium ion batteries is an important part of the manufacturing process. First, the bond between separator and electrode must be strong enough to prevent separation of the electrodes from the separator. Such separation impairs battery function. Second, the bond must provide for a high degree of contact between the separator and electrode so as to permit efficient ion transfer. Third, the distance between electrodes must be as short as possible to permit efficient ion transfer, while still providing a restriction to electron flow that would cause a short circuit.
The anode of a lithium ion battery may be constructed from a carbonaceous material suspended in a polymer matrix. These carbonaceous materials can reversibly accept and donate significant amounts of lithium. Examples of suitable carbonaceous materials include synthetic and natural graphite, petroleum coke and doped coke. The anode may be constructed from transition metal compounds having layered structures into which lithium ions can be intercalated and deintercalated during charge and discharge. These cells are referred to as rocking chair cells. The rocking chair compounds have electrochemical potentials close to that of lithiated carbon and different from the transition metal oxides frequently used for cathodes. Examples of suitable rocking chair anode compounds are Li.sub.x WO.sub.2, Li.sub.x MoO.sub.2 and Li.sub.x TiS.sub.2.
Transition metal oxides are preferred for lithium ion battery cathodes. Li ions can be inserted into and extracted from these intercalating compounds with little or no structural modification of the compound. Examples of suitable transition metal oxides for cathode construction include LiCoO.sub.2, LiNiO.sub.2 and LiMn.sub.2 O.sub.4.
Anode and cathode active materials are often formed into anode and cathode structures by binding the active materials in a polymer film or sheet. U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,980,250, 5,219,680, 5,340,670, 5,380,606, 5,426,006, 5,582,931, 5,584,893, 5,643,695 and 5,656,393, incorporated herein by reference, disclose compositions for Li ion cathodes and anodes and methods of making these electrodes. Once the polymer films containing the electrode active materials have set, the electrodes, separator and collectors are generally laminated by heat and pressure.
The separator must provide sufficient insulation between electrodes to prevent the formation of an electrical circuit which causes a short, while at the same time being permeable to migrating lithium ions. Separators have been constructed of very thin sheets of polymer, which are rendered porous by removal of plasticizers from cast films. The polymer matrix may be composed of olefin, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylidene difluoride and associated copolymers and the like. Alternatively, a preformed porous woven or nonwoven polymer mat may be utilized as a separator.
The electrolyte of lithium ion batteries consists of a lithium salt in a nonaqueous solvent. Typical lithium salts include LiPF.sub.6, LiASF.sub.6, LiBF.sub.4, LiClO.sub.4, LiN(CF.sub.3 SO.sub.2).sub.3 and LiN(SO.sub.2 C.sub.2 F.sub.5).sub.3. A nonaqueous environment is maintained in Li ion batteries because lithium and its salts are notoriously reactive in aqueous solutions. Aprotic organic solvents such as propylene carbonate or ethylene carbonate are commonly used. Lithium salts readily disperse in these solvents. Other solvents are tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, and diethoxyethane. The polymer separator, of course, must be stable to the solvent selected. For a discussion of conventional solvent/lithium solute systems, see S. Hossain, "Rechargeable Lithium Batteries (Ambient Temperature)", in Handbook of Batteries and Fuel Cells, D. Linden, Ed., McGraw-Hill, 2nd Ed., 1995, incorporated herein by reference.
The components of lithium ion batteries have been joined by heat and pressure lamination, screen printing, or a combination of the two. U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,584,893, 5,266,299, 5,425,932, 5,540,741, 5,470,357, 5,552,239, 5,219,680, 5,643,695, 5,426,006, 5,656,393 and 5,456,000 disclose methods of forming anode and cathode films from polymer slurries and then laminating these films to a separator and collectors. Such construction methods have certain disadvantages. Joining the components by heat and/or pressure results in a relatively weak bond. A laminated battery may delaminate due to forces generated during charge and discharge, causing battery failure. Second, large scale manufacture of individual polymer films is difficult because sheets of these materials are fragile and subject to fracturing, shearing and other degradation. Third, manufacture of separate anode, cathode and separator polymer films and subsequent joining by lamination consists of many separate manufacturing steps.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,582,931 (Kawakami, et al. 1996) represents an attempt to solve some of these manufacturing problems. The inventors screen print anode and cathode slurries onto a separator and allow the slurries to air dry. Conductors, and where appropriate, a lithium metal negative electrode are then heat and pressure connected to the positive electrode and separator. The cast electrodes are allowed to air dry, which occurs as solvent evaporates from the slurry into the atmosphere. However, the electrodes formed by this process may be compromised. Electrode slurries contract as they dry. When electrode slurries are simply allowed to air dry, the outside surface of the electrode (the side not contacting the separator) dries first, forming a "skin" around the undried inner portion of the electrode which still contains unevaporated solvent. As the inner portion of the electrode continues to dry, stress develops because of constraints imposed on the continued contraction of the inner electrode by the dry outer "skin." This drying/curling stress can cause debonding of the electrode from the separator, leading to poor battery performance.

Johnson Research & Development Company, Inc.


In some embodiments, a method of making a polycarbonate composition comprises: polymerizing by an interfacial polymerization, reactants comprising a starting material comprising a bisphenol-A to form a bisphenol-A polycarbonate, wherein the bisphenol-A has a purity of greater than or equal to 99.65 wt % and a sulfur content of less than or equal to 2 ppm. The polycarbonate composition has a free hydroxyl content of less than or equal to 150 ppm, and wherein a molded article of the polycarbonate composition has transmission level greater than or equal to 90.0% at 2.5 mm thickness as measured by ASTM D1003-00 and a yellow index (YI) less than or equal to 1.5 as measured by ASTM D1925.

The present disclosure generally relates to polycarbonate compositions, and more particularly, to polycarbonate compositions having enhanced optical properties, methods of manufacture, and uses thereof.
Polycarbonate is a high-performance plastic with good impact strength (ductility). Polycarbonates, however, can age under the influence of heat, light, and time, causing reduced light transmission and color changes.
There accordingly remains a need for polycarbonate compositions having enhanced optical properties, methods of making and articles comprising the polycarbonate compositions.

Polycarbonate compositions having enhanced optical properties, methods of making and articles comprising the polycarbonate compositions


Systems and methodologies are described that facilitate frequency hopping in a single carrier FDMA wireless environment by dynamically altering user offsets with time to obtain interference diversity. A channel tree can be utilized with nodes that are assigned values. User devices can be assigned to such nodes, a path between an assigned node and a root node in the channel tree can be evaluated, and a table lookup can be performed to determine an identity of a subcarrier set to assign to the user device assigned to a given node, as well as a number of subcarriers to be assigned to the user device. Additionally, node values can be dynamically varied during a communication event to alter path values and thus alter subcarrier set assignments.

I. Field
The following description relates generally to wireless communications, and more particularly to mitigating interference between user devices in nearby communication sectors by employing frequency hopping in a single carrier FDMA network environment.
II. Background
Wireless communication systems have become a prevalent means by which a majority of people worldwide has come to communicate. Wireless communication devices have become smaller and more powerful in order to meet consumer needs and to improve portability and convenience. The increase in processing power in mobile devices such as cellular telephones has lead to an increase in demands on wireless network transmission systems. Such systems typically are not as easily updated as the cellular devices that communicate there over. As mobile device capabilities expand, it can be difficult to maintain an older wireless network system in a manner that facilitates fully exploiting new and improved wireless device capabilities.
More particularly, frequency division based techniques typically separate the spectrum into distinct channels by splitting it into uniform chunks of bandwidth, for example, division of the frequency band allocated for wireless communication can be split into 30 channels, each of which can carry a voice conversation or, with digital service, carry digital data. Each channel can be assigned to only one user at a time. One known variant is an orthogonal frequency division technique that effectively partitions the overall system bandwidth into multiple orthogonal subbands. These subbands are also referred to as tones, carriers, subcarriers, bins, and frequency channels. Each subband is associated with a subcarrier that can be modulated with data. With time division based techniques, a band is split time-wise into sequential time slices or time slots. Each user of a channel is provided with a time slice for transmitting and receiving information in a round-robin manner. For example, at any given time t, a user is provided access to the channel for a short burst. Then, access switches to another user who is provided with a short burst of time for transmitting and receiving information. The cycle of "taking turns" continues, and eventually each user is provided with multiple transmission and reception bursts.
A typical wireless communication network (e.g., employing frequency, time, and code division techniques) includes one or more base stations that provide a coverage area and one or more mobile (e.g., wireless) terminals that can transmit and receive data within the coverage area. A typical base station can simultaneously transmit multiple data streams for broadcast, multicast, and/or unicast services, wherein a data stream is a stream of data that can be of independent reception interest to a mobile terminal. A mobile terminal within the coverage area of that base station can be interested in receiving one, more than one or all the data streams carried by the composite stream. Likewise, a mobile terminal can transmit data to the base station or another mobile terminal. Such communication between base station and mobile terminal or between mobile terminals can be degraded due to channel variations and/or interference power variations. For example, the aforementioned variations can affect base station scheduling, power control and/or rate prediction for one or more mobile terminals.
In the case of OFDMA-based systems, the particular waveforms and power required to transmit communication signals thereon typically exhibit an undesirably high peak-to-average ratio (PAR), which limits the coverage of OFDMA systems due to the inefficiencies of non-linear power amplifiers. Single carrier FDMA systems can mitigate problems associated with an undesirably high PAR, but are still subject to a variety of limitations that create a need in the art for a system and/or methodology of mitigating interference between mobile devices and/or sectors in such wireless network systems.

Frequency hopping design for single carrier FDMA systems


The disclosure herein pertains to a security vulnerability scanner. The security vulnerability scanner parses a URL into a network portion and a fragment portion. The security vulnerability scanner then runs the URL on a network-side browser to generate processed results. Advantageously, the security vulnerability scanner is able to mimic a client side browser by running various fragment portions in order to analyze security risks.

Generally described, computing devices and communication networks can be utilized to exchange data and/or information. In a common application, a computing device can request content from another computing device via the communication network. For example, a user at a personal computing device can utilize a network-enabled application, such as a browser application, to request a content page (e.g., a network page, a Web page, etc.) from a server computing device via the network (e.g., the Internet). In such embodiments, the user computing device can be referred to as a client computing device and the server computing device can be referred to as a content provider.
Individual client computing devices may access content from a number of content providers. In some instances, undesired or malicious executable code can be included in the content provided by a content provider. If executed by the receiving client device, such as via a browser application, the undesired or malicious code can cause modification of an undesired client device, collect and transmit personal information, modify characteristics of a communication network, attempt to propagate to other computing devices, and the like. Accordingly, individual users or system administrators can implement some form of scanning or detection components that attempt to identify and block malicious or undesired code.


Methods of treating cancer are provided that include administering glycan-interacting antibodies. Included are anti-sialyl Tn antigen antibodies and related compositions and formulations suitable to achieve desirable bioactivity, bioavailability, and toxicity levels.

Aberrant glycosylation accompanies some of the other mutations commonly observed in carcinomas. It has been estimated that about 80% of all carcinomas express the truncated glycans, the Tn Antigen and the sialylated form, Sialyl Tn (STn). With few exceptions, Tn and STn are not expressed in normal, healthy tissues. Furthermore, the non-human immunogenic sialic acid, N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), seems to be differentially expressed on carcinomas such as breast cancer in the form of Neu5Gc-STn (GcSTn).
Multiple aberrant glycosylation forms have been described in human cancers, identifying specific glycans as a class of cell surface molecules suitable for specific tumor targeting (Cheever, M. A. et al., Clin Cancer Res. 2009 Sep. 1; 15(17):5323-37). For example, various human cancer types (such as bladder, breast, cervical, colon, lung, and ovarian cancer among others) show high expression of STn antigen, which is rare in normal human tissues (Karlen, P. et al., Gastroenterology. 1998 December; 11 5(6):1395-404; Ohno, S. et al, Anticancer Res. 2006 November-December; 26(6A):4047-53). In addition, the presence of STn on tumor-associated mucins relates to cancer with poor prognosis and is therewith considered an attractive epitope for cancer detection and targeted therapy (Cao, Y. et al., Virchows Arch. 1997 September; 431(3):159-66; Julien, S. et al., Br J Cancer. 2009 Jun. 2; 100(11):1746-54; Itzkowitz, S. H. et al., Cancer. 1990 Nov. 1; 66(9):1960-6; Motoo, Y. et al., Oncology. 1991; 48(4):321-6; Kobayashi, H. et al., J Clin Oncol. 1992 January; 10(1):95-101). Tn and STn formation is associated with somatic mutations in the gene Cosmc that encodes a molecular chaperon required for the formation of the activate T-synthase (Ju, T. et al., Nature. 2005 Oct. 27; 437(7063):1252; Ju, T. et al., Cancer Res. 2008 Mar. 15; 68(6):1636-46). It can also result from increased expression of the sialyl transferase, ST6GalNAc I (Ikehara, Y. et al., Glycobiology. 1999 November; 9(11):1213-24; Brockhausen, I. et al., Biol Chem. 2001 February; 382(2):219-32). De-novo expression of STn can modulate carcinoma cells, change the malignant phenotype, and lead to more aggressive cell behaviors (Pinho, S. et al., Cancer Lett. 2007 May 8; 249(2):157-70). Although STn is highly expressed in malignant tissues, low levels are also found on healthy human cells (Jass, J. R. et al., J Pathol. 1995 June; 176(2):143-9; Kirkeby, S. et al., Arch Oral Biol. 2010 November; 55(11):830-41). STn alone has attracted attention as a target for cancer detection and therapy (Cheever, M. A. et al., Clin Cancer Res. 2009 Sep. 1; 15(17):5323-37). STn is also present in mucins associated with cancer stem cells (Engelmann et al., Cancer research, 2008, 68, 2419-2426) and STn is implicated in immune supression (Carrascal, M. A., et al., Molecular Oncology. 2014. 8(3): 753-65).
In addition to the presence of STn, other glycosylation changes have been described in cancer. One of them involves Neu5Gc. N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuSAc) and Neu5Gc are the two major sialic acids on mammalian cell surfaces. NeuSAc and Neu5Gc differ only in that Neu5Gc includes an additional oxygen atom associated with chemical group attached to carbon 5. Due to the loss of a functional gene, humans can only synthesize sialic acid in the form of NeuSAc, but not Neu5Gc. However, Neu5Gc can be metabolically incorporated into humans from animal-derived dietary sources such as red meats (Tangvoranuntakul, P. et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2003 Oct. 14; 100(21):12045-50; Nguyen, D. H. et al., J Immunol. 2005 Jul. 1; 175(1):228-36; U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,682,794, 8,084,219, US2012/0142903, WO2010030666 and WO2010030666). Neu5Gc is significantly abundant among human tumors (Higashi, H. et al., Cancer Res. 1985 August; 45(8):3796-802; Miyoshi I. et al., Mol Immunol. 1986. 23: 631-638; Hirabayashi, Y. et al., Jpn J Cancer Res. 1987. 78: 614-620; Kawachi. S, et al., Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol. 1988. 85: 381-383; Devine, P. L. et al., Cancer Res. 1991. 51: 5826-5836; Malykh, Y. N. et al, Biochimie. 2001. 83: 623-634 and Inoue, S. et al., 2010. Glycobiology. 20(6): 752-762) and remarkably low in normal human tissues, which had been overlooked for several decades (Diaz, S. L. et al., PLoS One. 2009. 4: e4241; Tangvoranuntakul, P. et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2003. 100: 12045-12050; Varki, A. et al., Glycoconj J. 2009. 26: 231-245). The increased metabolic accumulation of diet-derived Neu5Gc in cancer tissue compared to healthy human tissues is likely explained by at least three factors: rapid growth with underproduction of competing endogenous Neu5Ac, enhanced macropinocytosis induced by growth factors (Dharmawardhane, S. et al., Mol Biol Cell. 2000 October; 11(10):3341-52; Simonsen, A. et al., Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2001 August; 13(4):485-92; Johannes, L. et al., Traffic. 2002 July; 3(7):443-51; Amyere, M. et al., Int J Med Microbiol. 2002 February; 291(6-7):487-94), and the upregulation of gene expression of the lysosomal sialic acid transporter gene sialin by hypoxia (Yin, J. et al., Cancer Res. 2006 Mar. 15; 66(6):2937-45). In addition, all humans tested to date include a polyclonal antibody reservoir against non-human Neu5Gc, which makes it the first example of a xeno-autoantigen (Padler-Karavani, V. et al., Glycobiology. 2008 October; 18(10):818-30; Varki, N. M. et al., Annu Rev Pathol. 2011; 6:365-93). The accumulation of dietary Neu5Gc in malignant tumors in the face of an anti-Neu5Gc response was shown to facilitate tumor progression by inducing a low-grade chronic inflammation (Hedlund, M. et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2008 Dec. 2; 105(48):18936-41). Thus, Neu5Gc containing glycan epitopes on human tumors represent a valuable possibility for drug targeting. A recent study suggests the existence of antibodies against Neu5Gc-containing STn (GcSTn), but not Neu5Ac-STn (AcSTn), in cancer patients and explores their potential as a specific biomarker for cancer detection (Padler-Karavani, V. et al., Cancer Res. 2011 May 1; 71(9):3352-63).
There remains a need in the art for therapeutic antibodies capable of binding glycans, including glycans associated with disease and diseased cells and tissues. Further, there remains a need for better methods to develop such antibodies and methods of using these antibodies to target diseased cells and tissues. The present disclosure meets these needs by providing related compounds and methods.

Glycan-interacting compounds and methods of use


A system includes a processor configured to wirelessly broadcast a message obtained from a first originating vehicle BUS or controller, following a determination that the message was on a pre-approved list for broadcast and having encrypted the message utilizing a temporary random key generated for a message session. The system may include vehicle controllers, a gateway module, and vehicle BUSSES connecting the system controllers to the gateway module. The gateway module may include a memory storing a list of pre-approved message types and corresponding source types, and a processor configured to receive a message from one of the vehicle controllers over one of the vehicle BUSSES to determine if a message type and source type of the received message matches an element of the list.

Vehicle systems have become highly integrated with computing technology. From telematics units, to control systems, to sensors to entertainment, computer hardware and software plays a significant role in control and utilization of modern vehicles. As vehicle technology develops, the messages between vehicle controllers can also change. Reason for changes include, but are not limited to: use of new messages in an algorithm, routing a message to another controller or another processor within the same controller.
Modifying a controller's software for purpose of routing a message includes development and validation efforts. This can be both difficult and time consuming, as the highly integrated and complex nature of complete vehicle computing systems can require significant caution in order to ensure that modification to address a new feature does not negatively impact existing operational characteristics.

Method and apparatus for secure wireless vehicle bus communication


Disclosed is a signal splitter that includes a coupled transmission line element coupled between two output ports of the signal splitter. The coupled transmission line element is used to lower the isolation between the two output ports for a particular frequency band. The coupled transmission line element includes a first and a second elongate electrical conductor. The first and the second elongate electrical conductor first ends are coupled to the signal transmission path that connects the two output ports. The first and the second elongate electrical conductor second ends are un-terminated. The first elongate electrical conductor and the second elongate electrical conductor are not shorted together, and the first elongate electrical conductor and the second elongate electrical conductor are electrostatically coupled, such as by twisting them together into a helix.

Technical Field
This invention relates generally to electronic devices and in particular to a radio frequency signal splitter device.
State of the Art
Signal splitters are an electronic device that is used to divide an electronic input signal into two or more versions of the input signal. Signal splitters often accept a downstream input signal at an input port, and provide a reduced-power version of the input signal at two or more output ports. In the reverse direction, an upstream signal received at an output port is transmitted to the input port for continued upstream transmission. In general, there is intentionally high isolation (insertion loss) between the output ports of a signal splitter. This means that there is a high amount of attenuation in a transmission path extending from one splitter output port to another splitter output port.
High isolation (high insertion loss) between output ports is often a desirable feature in a signal splitter. There are applications, however, where it is desirable to transmit signals between output ports of a signal splitter with a minimum of attenuation. In particular it is desirable in some applications to provide a signal splitter that operates in at least two radio-frequency bands of operation, a first radio-frequency band and a second radio-frequency band. High isolation is desirable between splitter output ports in the first frequency band, but low isolation—less attenuation—is desired in the second frequency band. Lowering the isolation between output ports of a splitter has been implemented in some particular splitter devices, but there are drawbacks, including reduced splitter performance outside the particular frequency band of interest, and isolation that is still too high within the particular frequency band of interest. Thus there is a need for an electronic splitter device that provides frequency dependent splitter performance, including high isolation between output ports in a first frequency band, and low isolation between output ports in a second frequency band, without compromising splitter performance in either the first or the second frequency bands.


A method and system for a target to adopt the personality of a source without loading the personality information of the source onto the target is provided. The personality system extracts personality information from the source and stores the personality information on a removable storage medium. The storage medium is then connected to the target. The personality system intercepts requests of the target to retrieve personality information, which but for the interception would be serviced based on personality information of the target. When a request is intercepted, the personality system retrieves the personality information from the connected storage medium, rather than from the personality information of the target. The personality system then replies to the request with the retrieved personality information.

Computer users configure their computers in order to most efficiently and comfortably perform typical tasks. For example, a computer user typically sets up favorites in an Internet browser to enable easy navigation to often-visited Internet sites. Similarly, a user sets wallpaper to suit their preference, along with adjustments such as mouse speed and sensitivity. The favorites and wallpaper settings are referred to as configuration settings. A configuration setting can be global to the computer in the sense that all applications executing on the computer share that same configuration setting, or it can be specific to an application or group of applications. For example, a configuration setting that indicates the base color for a window may be global, whereas a configuration setting that indicates to automatically correct a spelling error may be specific to a word processing application. In addition to establishing the configuration settings of a computer, a user may also create and maintain information (e.g., documents and data) in files relating to the tasks for which the user is using the computer. This collection of configuration settings and files is referred to as personality information and represents the personality of the computer or other device.
When a computer user needs to use a computer other than their own, the user loses both the ease of use represented by the configuration settings and the information in the files available on their computer. This makes it difficult to do meaningful computer work remotely. One solution is the use of portable (e.g., laptop) computers that can be carried when the user travels. This solution has disadvantages that include the inconvenience of transport due to weight, fragility of the device, and cost of the device and accessories. Another disadvantage is the inconvenience related to security measures employed in airports that require unpacking and repacking the portable computer every time a user goes through a security checkpoint.
Another solution to the problem is to copy the configuration settings and files to the other computer. A disadvantage, however, of this solution is privacy. The user may have very sensitive information (e.g., passwords) represented as configuration settings or files and may not be comfortable storing such information on another computer. Although it may be possible to delete such information from the other computer after its use, such deletion may not always be possible. For example, if the computer loses power after the configuration settings and files have been copied to the hard drive, then the user may not be able to delete the configuration settings and files from the hard drive after power is restored. In such a case, the next user of the computer system may be able to access the sensitive information.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Changing the personality of a device by intercepting requests for personality information


A stress-indicating rope-tightening apparatus includes a rope-tightening unit and a stress-indicating unit. The rope-tightening unit includes a rotational joint. The stress-indicating unit includes two strain gauges disposed on two opposite sides of the rotational joint for measuring the strain in the rotational joint, a calculator for calculating the stress in the rope based on the strain in the rotational joint and a display for showing the stress in the rope.

1. Field of Invention
The present invention relates to a stress-indicating rope-tightening apparatus.
2. Related Prior Art
A rope-tightening device is used to tighten a rope for bundling an object or more. However, the rope would be broken if the stress therein exceeds a limit. In the case of the rupture of the rope, loss of property is inevitable. What is worse, casualty might be entailed.
To avoid the foregoing drawbacks, a conventional rope-tightening device 1 is equipped with a stress-indicating unit as disclosed in Taiwanese Patent M279629. The rope-tightening device 1 includes a frame 10, a first hook 11 attached to the frame 10, a second hook 15, a pulley connected to the second hook 15, a rope 14 wound around the pulley, a reel 13 disposed on the frame 10 for reeling the cable 14 and a handle 12 disposed on the frame 10 for rotating the reel 13. The reel 13 includes two ratchet wheels. Two detents 121 are connected to the handle 12. When the handle 12 is pivoted relative to the reel 13 in a direction, the detents 121 engage with the ratchet wheels so that the handle 12 rotates the reel 13 to tighten the rope 14. When the handle 12 is pivoted relative to the reel 13 in an opposite direction, the detents 121 rattle on the ratchet wheels so that the handle 12 does not rotate the reel 13 to slacken the rope 14.
The stress-indicating unit includes a strain gauge 101, an integration element 102 and a display 103. The strain gauge 101 is disposed on a side of the frame 10. The strain gauge 101 and the display 103 are electrically connected to the integration element 102. The use of the stress-indicating unit is based on an assumption that the stress in the frame 10 gets larger as the stress in the rope 14 gets larger. The strain gauge 101 detects the strain in the frame 10. The integration element 102 calculates the stress in the rope 14 based on the strain in the frame 10. The integration element 102 instructs the display 103 to show the stress in the rope 14. However, the operation is not precise as the strain gauge 101 is disposed on the frame 10. The monitoring of the stress is inconvenient as the display 103 is disposed on the side of the frame 10.
The present invention is therefore intended to obviate or at least alleviate the problems encountered in the prior art.


A mesh container holds plastic synthetic grass strips that are used to form a support cushion for candy and other items in an Easter basket. The mesh size is selected to be of the appropriate gauge to minimize the possibility of the grass strips from falling out of the mesh container. The flatness or thickness of the container can be varied.

During the Easter holiday season, it has become common practice to provide for children and children-at-heart an Easter basket filled with chocolate bunnies, candy eggs, jelly beans and other chocolate and sugary candies and confections. In years gone by, natural grass served as the supporting material for the candy. In more modern times, the Easter basket is filled with colored strips of plastic synthetic material that imitates natural grass and forms the base upon which the Easter candy is placed. This cushions the candy to prevent it from becoming broken and provides a suitable container for transporting the candy.
Typical of the plastic synthetic grass strips that are used in Easter baskets and for other decorative purposes are those shown in the patent to Weder et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 4,292,266), the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by this reference.
One of the drawbacks from the use of plastic synthetic grass strips is that the grass strips are loosely placed in the basket and can be quite messy. The plastic synthetic grass is generally formed in thin, narrow strips or varying lengths. During the use of the basket, these grass strips become separated from the basket and often are left behind on table tops, furniture, floors and other surfaces throughout the house. Being particularly light and often made of colored material, they are difficult to pick up. Even using mechanical means to clean up the resulting mess runs the risk of fouling the internal workings of the vacuum cleaner.
For small children and house pets, there is the danger that these grass strips may be ingested risking the possibility of serious bodily injury. Because the grass strips are made from synthetic material, there is always the possibility that the grass strips will become attached to the candy, especially is the candy begins to melt which may happen at room temperature.
Also, each new holiday season necessitates repurchasing another supply of grass strips for use in the Easter baskets because there has been no convenient way to store the grass strips for reuse.
It is an object of this invention to provide a container for grass strips used in Easter baskets to keep the grass strips inside the basket and separated physically from the candy to minimize the possibility of inadvertent ingestion of the grass strips and to minimize the grass strips from being strewn around the house.
It is a feature of the present invention to utilize a mesh container to hold the grass strips. The mesh container can be sized to fit various size baskets and will be flexible to conform to various interior shapes of the basket.
It is an advantage of the present invention that the grass strips that are used in Easter baskets are contained in a mesh container that holds the grass strips inside the basket, allows for easy storage and reuse of the grass strips and both minimizes the possibility of inadvertent ingestion by children and minimizes the strewing of the grass strips about the house.


A light modulation device includes: a reflective light modulation element which modulates an incident light; a holding section which holds the reflective light modulation element; and a light blocking plate disposed on an incident side which incidents the incident light to the reflective light modulation element, and fixed to the holding section, wherein a thermal conductivity of the light blocking plate is equal to or higher than a thermal conductivity of the holding section.

1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to a light modulation device and a projector.
2. Related Art
There has been known a projector provided with a light source, a light modulation device for modulating the light emitted from the light source, and a projection optical device for projecting the light modulated by the light modulation device in an enlarged manner. Further, there is known a projector (see, e.g., JP-A-2010-8638 (Document 1)), which is the type of such a projector, and provided with a reflective light modulation device. In the projector described in Document 1, the light modulation device is provided with a reflective liquid crystal panel, and a holding section for holding the reflective liquid crystal panel, and is attached to a mounting member having a triangular prism shape.
No matter whether the liquid crystal panel is of the reflective type or the transmissive type, the light input from the light source is absorbed by the liquid crystal layer, various wiring lines, the black matrix, and so on, to thereby raise the temperature. Since the deterioration of quality is incurred if the liquid crystal panel is exposed to a high-temperature environment, it is desirable to perform cooling of the liquid crystal panel sufficiently. Therefore, in the projector described in Document 1, a heat sink for cooling the reflective liquid crystal panel is further disposed on the back side of the light modulation device attached to the mounting member, and is arranged that the cooling air is fed toward the mounting member.
However, in the projector described in Document 1, the light modulation device is attached so that the incident side of the reflective liquid crystal panel faces the mounting member, and the internal space of the mounting member is in a sealed state. Therefore, since it is hard for the cooling air to be guided to the incident side compared to the transmissive light modulation device in which the cooling air is also guided to the incident side, the heat radiation on the incident side of the reflective liquid crystal panel becomes insufficient. Therefore, there arises a problem that cooling of the reflective liquid crystal panel becomes insufficient to thereby cause the reflective liquid crystal panel to be exposed to a high-temperature environment, and as a result, the quality of the reflective liquid crystal panel might be deteriorated.


Provided are a display panel, a preparation method thereof, and a display apparatus. The display panel includes a first substrate and a second substrate disposed oppositely, and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein the first substrate includes a black matrix layer and a color filter layer which are sequentially disposed on a first base substrate; at least one of the first substrate and the second substrate further includes a spacer; and the black matrix layer includes at least one first black matrix, and an orthographic projection of each first black matrix on the first base substrate covers an orthographic projection of the spacer on the first base substrate.

A Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) has characteristics of small size, low power consumption, and no radiation, and has been developed rapidly. A main structure of a LCD includes a Thin Film Transistor (TFT) array substrate of a cell (CELL) and a Color Filter (CF) substrate that are cell-assembled, Liquid Crystal (LC) molecules are filled between the array substrate and the color filter substrate, and a common electrode and a pixel electrode are controlled to form an electric field that drives deflection of liquid crystal, thereby achieving gray tone display.
According to different types of light sources adopted, LCDs may be divided into transmissive type, reflective type, and transflective type, among which transflective LCDs have advantages of transmissive LCDs and reflective LCDs. However, due to existence of color resistance mixing and an oblique electric field, color mixing occurs in a transmissive picture, and a color gamut is extremely low, which seriously affects image quality level and user experience adversely.

Display panel, preparation method thereof, and display apparatus

Beijing BOE Technology Development Co., Ltd.


A unique cultivar of Hybrid Spring Phlox plant named Phlox ‘Bedazzled Pink’ multi-stemmed compact habit, winter-hardy, slowly spreading plant with bright, glossy-green, lanceolate leaves. Flowers are sweetly fragrant, beginning in mid-April and continuing for about six to seven weeks on branched peduncles. Petals are bright medium pink upon anthesis and lighten to light pink. Petal apices are deeply notched and each blade has two deep purple striae marks near the center eye. Foliage stays clean and resists mildew, and the new plant is especially suitable for the landscape as a potted plant, in the garden as a specimen or en masse.

The present invention relates to a new and distinct cultivar of Phlox plant, known as Phlox 'Bedazzled Pink' and will be referred to hereafter by its cultivar name, 'Bedazzled Pink', or the "new plant". The new plant was hybridized by the inventor at a wholesale perennial nursery in Zeeland, Mich. on Mar. 3, 2014 as cross between Phlox subulata 'Emerald Pink' (not patented) as the female parent times Phlox bifida 'Top Notch' (not patented) as the male parent. The new plant passed initial evaluation in the spring of 2016 and was assigned the breeder code 14-240-7 through the remaining evaluation process. 'Bedazzled Pink' was first asexually propagated by stem cuttings in the greenhouses at the same nursery in Zeeland, Mich. in the summer of 2016. The unique characteristics of the new plant have been found to be reproducible and stable in successive generations of asexual propagation and the resultant plants have been found to be identical to the original selection.


A capacitive type touch sensor has optical functionality, low reflection and thin thickness as well as narrow frames. The capacitive type touch sensor includes a cover glass, and a capacitive type film sensor member adhered to a rear surface of the cover glass. The capacitive type touch sensor further includes a polarization plate between the cover glass and the film sensor member. The film sensor member includes a transparent base sheet having a λ/4 phase difference film, transparent conductive films so as to form electrode pattern s on the central windows and fine line routed circuit pattern on the peripheral frames on both sides of the base sheet, and light-blocking conductive films laminated on the fine line routed circuit patterns of the transparent conductive film.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a capacitive type touch sensor in which a film sensor member is adhered to a rear surface of a cover glass which is attached to an LCD part of the electronic apparatus, particularly to one having optical functionality such as circularly polarized light and giving the phase difference.
2. Background Information
Conventionally, the capacitive type touch sensor, in which a film sensor member is attached to a rear surface of a cover glass of the display window of the electric device, is arranged on an upper surface of display such as LCD (Liquid Crystal monitor) and OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode). In this arrangement, since daylight is reflected at an interface between the air layer and the film sensor member, as well as an interface between the air layer and the display, the contrast on the display is lowered, which is a problem.
It is possible to restrain the reflection to 50% by adding a polarization plate between the cover glass and the film sensor member. In this case, even when the touch sensor, to which the polarization plate is added, is arranged on the LCD, if the absorption axis of the polarization plate is matched with that of the LCD, it is possible to prevent the brightness of the LCD from being lowered.
In addition, if the touch sensor is designed such that a polarization plate and a λ/4 phase difference film are added between the cover glass and the film sensor member in this order from the cover glass side, i.e., a circularly polarized light filter is added, it is possible to further restrain the reflection compared to a case of adding only the polarization plate.
However, in the capacitive touch sensor with circularly polarized light function in which the circularly polarized light filter consisting of the polarization plate and the λ/4 phase difference film is added, thickness of the circularly polarized light filter is added, causing the thickness of a product into which the touch sensor is assembled increases, which is a new problem. Therefore, one type of capacitive type touch sensor is proposed as shown in paragraph 0071 of Patent Citation 1, recently. The capacitive type touch sensor includes a film sensor member of a structure employing a two layer system, a polarization plate, and a cover glass. The film sensor member includes a first conductive film and a second conductive film. The first conductive film has an upper surface on which a first conductive layer such as ITO is provided. The second conductive film is adhered onto the first conductive layer and has an upper surface on which a second conductive layer such as ITO is provided. The polarization plate and the cover glass are adhered to the upper surface of the film sensor member. A λ/4 phase difference film is employed as a base member of the second conductive film. According to the touch sensor described in Japanese Patent Publication 2011-81810, since the λ/4 phase difference film is employed as a base member for the conductive layer of the film sensor member, and not as a separate member provided on the film sensor member, it is possible to provide a thin capacitive touch sensor with circularly polarized light function.
In addition, conventionally, when observing the LCD through the polarized sunglass, coloring and decrease in transmission factor occur depending on the polarization plate angle on the LCD side. In order to overcome the problem, it has been proposed for a long time and is described in Japanese Patent Publication H03-174512 that a λ/4 phase difference film is arranged between the polarized sunglass and the LCD, for example.
In the capacitive type touch sensor market, it has been required to further narrow the frame (i.e., maximizing the size of the central window on which images are displayed, and minimizing the size of the outer frames surrounding the window portion), in addition to the above-described reduction in thickness. However, generally, in the film sensor member of the touch sensor, since the routed wiring circuit formed on the peripheral frames are manufactured using a screen printing with silver paste, there are limitations for further pursuing the frame narrowing.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to solve the above-described problem, i.e., to provide a capacitive type touch sensor with optical functionality, in which the intended optical functionality is performed, a thin thickness is achieved of the product to which the touch sensor is assembled, and frame narrowing is achieved.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, a capacitive type touch sensor with circularly polarized light function includes a cover glass, and a capacitive type film sensor member adhered to a rear surface of the cover glass.
The film sensor member includes:
a transparent base sheet including a λ/4 phase difference film;
a transparent conductive film formed so as to have an electrode pattern formed on a central window and a fine wiring routed circuit pattern formed on an peripheral frame, both of the patterns being formed on both sides of the base sheet; and
a light-blocking conductive film laminated on each of the fine line routed circuit patterns of the transparent conductive film.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, a capacitive type touch sensor with optical functionality according to the first aspect is provided, which further includes a polarization plate between the cover glass and the film sensor member.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, a capacitive type touch sensor with optical functionality according to the first aspect or the second aspect is provided, in which the bases sheet of the film sensor member is a single layer of the λ/4 phase difference film.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, a capacitive type touch sensor with optical functionality according to the first aspect or the second aspect is provided, in which the base sheet of the film sensor member is a laminated body made of the λ/4 phase difference film and an optical isotropy film adhered to each other.
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, a capacitive type touch sensor with optical functionality according to the second aspect is provided, which further includes a λ/2 phase difference film between the film sensor member and the polarization plate.
According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, a capacitive type touch sensor with optical functionality according to the second aspect is provided, in which the base sheet of the film sensor member is a laminated body made of the λ/2 phase difference film and a λ/4 phase difference film adhered to each other, and the λ/2 phase difference film of the laminated body is arranged towards the side of the polarization plate.
According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, a capacitive type touch sensor with optical functionality according to any of the first through sixth aspect is provided, in which the film sensor member includes a frame-like light-blocking layer. The frame-like light-blocking layer is formed on a periphery of the front surface of the light-blocking conductive film, on which the transparent conductive film have been formed. The frame-like light-blocking layer is made of a product based on a color resist material that has been exposed and developed.
According to the capacitive type touch sensor with optical functionality of the present invention, since the film sensor member includes the transparent base sheet having the λ/4 phase difference film, it overcomes the problem of coloring and a decrease in transmission factor due to polarization plate angle on the LCD side, when observed through the polarized sunglass. It also prevents the interference pattern (fringe) when viewed obliquely.
According to the capacitive type touch sensor with optical functionality of the present invention, the polarization plate is provided between the cover glass and the film sensor member, the film sensor member includes the transparent base sheet having the λ/4 phase difference film, and the polarization plate and the λ/4 phase difference film constituting a circularly polarized light filter. As a result, it is possible to cut off the ambient light reflected at the interface between the air layer and the film sensor member and the interface between the air layer and the display, thereby overcoming a problem of decreased contrast on the display.
In addition, since the λ/4 phase difference film is used as a base material for the conductive layer of the film sensor, and not formed as a separate member on the film sensor member, the thickness can be reduced.
In addition, since the film sensor member includes a transparent base sheet having the λ/4 phase difference film, a transparent conductive film formed on both sides of the base sheet so as to form an electrode pattern on the central window and a fine line wiring for routing on the peripheral frame, and a light-blocking layer laminated on the fine line routed circuit of the transparent conductive film, it is possible to obtain a capacitive type touch sensor with optical functionality that achieves frame narrowing in which line width and pitch of the fine line wiring for routing are narrow.

Capacitive type touch sensor with optical functionality


Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for managing communications. One of the systems includes a plurality of security systems, each security system including a secure network coupling a plurality of security devices; a plurality of user devices authorized to send and receive communications associated with a respective security system of the plurality of security systems; and a service provider system configured to manage communications for each of the plurality of security systems with respective user devices, wherein, the service provider system or the user devices are configured to communicate with a push service to send push notifications.

This specification generally relates to communications management.
Conventional security systems can include one or more security cameras and/or one or more sensors positioned at different points of a security system location, e.g., a home or office. Some conventional home security systems use a public switched telephone network (PSTN) to transmit alerts to an authorized call service provider using dual-tone multi frequency (DTMF) signaling. A live operator at the call service provider services incoming alarms, e.g., by calling the police.
In some conventional security systems, local security management devices are communicatively coupled with a service provider system using a regular heartbeat signal transmitted to the service provider system. This heartbeat signal can be used to keep a connection to the service provider system open and ready at all times to allow communication from the local security system or from a remote user to the local security system.

Security system communications management