A mounting (20) which provides low vertical and lateral spring rates for excellent lateral and vertical vibration isolation yet provides a high roll stiffness for reacting torsional moments, while reducing isolator complexity and eliminating the need for a yoke or hanger. The mounting (20) includes a top member (34), a first arm (26) and a second arm (28) which are flexibly interleaved or attached. The first arm (26) is attached to a top member (34) by way of a pivot which can be a spring (30), the second arm (28) is also attached to the top member (34) by another pivot which can be a spring (32), and a third spring (36) attaches the arms (26) and (28) to each other. The arms (26) and (28) also attach to the supported member (22) preferably at their respective outboard ends (38), or at least one intermediate link can be used. The arms (26) and (28) are stiffly interconnected to one another, yet flexibly connected to a top member (34), such that relative vertical movement between the arms (26) and (28) is restricted. Thus a high roll stiffness is provided, yet allowing movement of the arms (26) and (28) as a unit for providing vertical and lateral isolation. One embodiment of the mounting (20) improves further over the related mountings by localizing the lateral elastic center of the mounting (20) towards the center of gravity (CG) of the supported member (22) such that side loads applied to the supported member (22) result in lateral translation and limited rotation of the (CG) of supported member (22).

Flexible mountings for attachment between a supporting member and a supported member, which exhibit a high degree of roll restraint of the supported member, yet still isolate the supporting member from vibration, are desirable in some applications. A high roll stiffness comes into play when one side of the mounting at the attachment to the supported member is loaded upwardly while the other is loaded downwardly. Vertical loading of the mounting occurs when the supporting member and the attachment points to the mounting on both sides of the supported member move up or down together. A high degree of roll restraint is particularly useful to eliminate large lateral excursions or motions of the supported member when subjected to torsional moments due to side loads applied to the supported member below the mounting. This is particularly true in aircraft engine applications, where exceeding a lateral sway space envelope requirement will cause interference between the engine and the engine cowl, or between the engine and other structural components. In general, the mounting attributes which produce high roll stiffness do not result in low translational stiffness which is desirable for vibration isolation, i.e., they impose contrary requirements.
One such high roll stiffness mounting is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,634,081 to Chee, wherein an aft engine mount with vibration isolators is described for suspending an aircraft engine core 10 below an engine mounting strut 12. The mounting includes a yoke 16 which is affixed to the ears 18 and 20, which are formed on the mounting ring of the engine. At least one mounting link 24 is used for accommodating radial engine expansion due to temperature. Spaced-apart isolator assemblies are captivated by isolator housings 32 such that engine weight is supported. In addition, this spacing of the isolator assemblies provides for a relatively high roll stiffness. The tubeform-type isolator assemblies provide effectively soft lateral stiffnesses for lateral vibration isolation. However, due to limited space, or envelope, available for locating the tubeform-type isolator assemblies far apart, the vertical stiffness of each of the isolator assemblies must be very high to obtain adequate roll stiffness, and to control motions of the supported member due to side loads. A high vertical stiffness will limit the level of isolation achievable in the vertical and pitch modes of the system. Also, it should be emphasized that this type of mounting includes at least one link to accommodate radial engine expansion and an expensive yoke attachment between the mounting and the supported member, thus requiring a large space envelope.
The commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 4,805,851 to Herbst, which is hereby incorporated by reference, provides a solution to the problem of how to get soft vertical and lateral stiffnesses for adequate vibration isolation, yet provide a very high roll stiffness for control of lateral engine loads. This was accomplished by providing an aft engine mounting bracket assembly 12 comprising a base 13, a torque tube shaft 22 with arms 20 and 21 extending from the ends of the torque tube 22. Further, the mounting assembly 12 included a cap 48 for attaching an elastomeric bearing 26 to the base 13. The elastomeric bearing 26 is very stiff vertically and provides a high degree of roll stiffness when arms 20 and 21 are loaded vertically in opposite directions. Spacing the engine attachment points forward of the elastomeric bearings 26 on the arms 20 and 21 makes them act as levers. Therefore, when both arms move together, the effective vertical stiffness at the engine is sufficiently low to provide superior isolation. At the same time, roll moments which occur when the arms are loaded in opposite directions, are restrained by the extremely rigid torque tube shaft 22. Again, like the Chee U.S. Pat. No. '081 mounting, this isolator assembly requires a yoke or hanger for attachment to the arms 20 and 21, and at least one link to accommodate the radial engine expansion due to thermal effects. Also, it should be noted, because of the high profile of the mount and yoke, this configuration requires a significant vertical space envelope between the supporting member and the supported member.
The commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 5,108,045 to Law et al. entitled "Engine Mounting Assembly", which is hereby incorporated by reference, describes an engine mounting which improves over the Herbst U.S. Pat. No. '851 concept by providing elastomer sections which are effectively loaded in pure shear or pure compression, thus leading to enhanced service life and linearity. Although the performance of this mounting is superior, it like the Herbst U.S. Pat. No. '851 and Chee U.S. Pat. No. '081 mounting concepts requires a hanger or yoke to transfer loads into the engine mount. It also requires at least one link to accommodate the radial engine expansion. In addition, like the Herbst U.S. Pat. No. '851 mounting, the height of the mount and yoke will require a significant amount of space between the supporting member and the supported member. It should be emphasized that all the abovementioned mountings have lateral elastic centers which are far above the center of gravity (CG) of the supported member. Thus, applied side loads will cause a high degree of rotation of the supported member about this elastic center, imparting a high degree of lateral motion of the CG.


Disclosed is a system that includes a light source for generating an illumination beam and an illumination lens system for directing the illumination beam towards a sample. The system further includes a collection lens system for directing towards a detector output light from the sample in response to the illumination beam and a detector for receiving the output light from the sample. The collection lens system includes a fixed-design compensator plate having individually selectable filters with different configurations for correcting system aberration of the system under different operating conditions. The system also includes a controller operable for: (i) generating and directing the illumination beam towards the sample, (ii) selecting operating conditions and a filter for correcting the system aberration under such selected operating conditions, (iii) generating an image based on the output light, and (iv) determining whether the sample passes inspection or characterizing such sample based on the image.

Generally, the industry of semiconductor manufacturing involves highly complex techniques for fabricating integrated circuits using semiconductor materials which are layered and patterned onto a substrate, such as silicon. An integrated circuit is typically fabricated from a plurality of reticles or masks. Initially, circuit designers provide circuit pattern data, which describes a particular integrated circuit (IC) design, to a reticle production system, which transforms the pattern data into a plurality of reticles. One emerging type of reticle is an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) reticle that is comprised of a plurality of mostly reflecting layers and a patterned absorber layer. A set of reticles are generally used in multiple photolithography processes to transfer the reticle pattern to multiple layers in a semiconductor wafer to thereby form a plurality of integrated circuit (IC) dice.
Due to the large scale of circuit integration and the decreasing size of semiconductor devices, the reticles and fabricated devices have become increasingly sensitive to defects. These defects, if uncorrected, can cause the final device to fail to meet the desired performance due to electrical timing errors. Even worse, such defects can cause the final device to malfunction and adversely affect yield.
As the photolithography used in IC manufacturing is migrating from 193 nm to extreme ultraviolet (EUV), the shrinking size in photomask features and defects of interest continues to push the performance limit of the imaging-based deep ultraviolet (DUV) optical inspection tool. Furthermore, tool-tool matching has also become more difficult as a result of the higher imaging sensitivity to aberration due to the nature of the EUV photomask. There is a strong demand for tighter control of the optical aberration. The utilization of linear polarization in addition to the circular polarization in EUV mask inspection has made this task particularly challenging due to the intrinsic limit of current lens coating design.

Arbitrary wavefront compensator for deep ultraviolet (DUV) optical imaging system


Apparatus for concentrating a nebulant comprising a nebulant flow conduit and a counter-flow conduit, or preferably, a plurality of alternating nebulant flow conduits and corresponding counter-flow conduits eg in layered or coaxial arrangement. and wherein at least a portion of the nebulant flow conduit and said counter-flow conduits define respective opposed sides of a gas permeable membrane. In use a nebulizer is in communication with the nebulant flow conduit and the nebulant flow and counter-flow are in the same or opposite directions and act to concentrate the amount of active in a droplet eg from 35 wt % to 60 wt % hydrogen peroxide in water to disinfect and/or sterilize an article.

The present application incorporates by reference the whole of the applicants co-pending applications AU2005904181, AU 2005904196 and AU 2005904198.
As outlined in these co-pending applications, sterilization processes and apparatus that address the following criteria are highly desirable:
(a) avoid the need for vacuum
(b) avoid the need for a rinsing step
(c) avoid the need for temperatures above 60° C.
Many of the process of the prior art employ vacuum and or rinsing steps. These have the effect of increasing the complexity and cost of the apparatus required, and can lengthen the time of the disinfection or sterilization process considerably (meaning more downtime for expensive medical instruments). The use of high temperatures can also increase the complexity and cost of sterilization instruments, but more importantly, it can damage many materials.
It is desired to provide disinfecting methods and apparatus that meet these criteria, while achieving the highest possible efficacy in pathogen destruction, especially when treating occluded, mated and lumen surfaces.
It is desirable that the disinfecting methods use hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide at low concentrations is safe to transport, sell and handle and is extremely well known, with little or no regulatory barriers to its use. However, there are problems with those methods which require high concentration hydrogen peroxide as a starting material. For example, commercial vapour and plasma processes use as a starting material corrosive and irritating 60% peroxide solutions which requiring special packaging and handling precautions.
When hydrogen peroxide is used in the form of small droplets (sprayed, ultrasonically nebulized, etc), the particles have a tendency to deposit as droplets on surfaces and the residual layer of peroxide is a potential problem. Medical instruments, food packaging and other disinfected items need to be stored dry to avoid re-contamination. Importantly, surgical instruments must not contain residual peroxide at levels higher than 1 microgram/sq·cm.
However, eliminating residual peroxide is very difficult. It requires either washing which introduces the associated problems previously discussed in our copending applications in connection with liquid systems, prolonged periods of high temperature drying (which completely negate any advantages arising from fast kill times and low process temperature) or requires use of catalase or other chemical means to decompose peroxide (which still requires drying and which creates a series of problems with the residual chemicals left on instruments) or the use of vacuum. Accordingly, it is desirable to provide a system that uses the minimum possible amount of peroxide to achieve a desired effect.
Any discussion of the prior art throughout the specification should in no way be considered as an admission that such prior art is widely known or forms part of common general knowledge in the field.


A variable capacity rotary compressor capable of equalizing an interior pressure (i.e., discharge pressure) of a hermetically sealed container with an interior pressure of a compression chamber where an idling operation is performed, resulting in a reduction of rotation resistance of a rotary shaft. The variable capacity rotary compressor includes housings disposed in the hermetically sealed container and having an interior space partitioned by intermediate plates into first and second compression chambers with different capacities, a rotary shaft rotatably disposed in the two compression chambers, eccentric units to selectively induce a compression operation in one of the two compression chambers depending on a rotational direction of the rotary shaft, and a pressure adjustment unit to apply the discharge pressure of the hermetically sealed container to one of the compression chambers where the idling operation is performed. The intermediate plates include first and second intermediate plates stacked one above another, and the pressure adjustment unit is interposed between the first and second intermediate plates.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a variable capacity rotary compressor and, more particularly, to a variable capacity rotary compressor having a pressure adjustment unit that is capable of equalizing an interior pressure of a hermetically sealed container with an interior pressure of one of two compression chambers wherein an idling operation is performed.
2. Description of the Related Art
Technology for a variable capacity rotary compressor that is capable of varying refrigerant compression capacity is disclosed in Korean Patent Application No. 10-2002-0061462 filed by the applicant of the present invention. The disclosed variable capacity rotary compressor has an eccentric unit that allows selective eccentric rotation of a roller disposed in a respective one of two compression chambers depending on a rotational direction of a rotary shaft, thereby selectively performing a compression operation. Such an eccentric unit comprises: two eccentric cams formed on the outer circumference of the rotary shaft while corresponding to the compression chambers, respectively; two eccentric bushes rotatably coupled around the two eccentric cams to bear rollers against their outer circumferences, respectively; and a latch pin for latching one of the two eccentric bushes to its eccentric position and the other one to its non-eccentric position upon rotation of the rotary shaft.
Such a variable capacity rotary compressor allows the compression operation to be performed in only one of the two compression chambers with different capacities, thereby realizing variable capacity operation through simple change of the rotational direction of the rotary shaft.

Variable capacity rotary compressor with pressure adjustment device


A pipeline or measuring tube having at least one insulating layer, at least in certain regions, and comprising, manufactured in a primary shaping method, a tubular element, which has an otherwise closed structure and which has at least one region with an open-pored, cellular structure, wherein the material of the insulating layer, in the applying of the insulating layer, can penetrate into the pores of the open-pored, cellular structure of the tubular element and the insulating layer has on the side to be insulated a closed, homogeneous structure.

By means of an insulating layer, an otherwise electrically conducting body can be insulated relative to a part of its environment. Above all, from the fields of magneto inductive flow measurement or pump manufacture, examples of such tubes are, per se, known to those skilled in the art. Conventionally, such pipelines, or measuring tubes, are composed of: a support tube, which is, most often, metal; an insulating layer; and a reinforcement provided in the insulating layer. The reinforcement can, in such case, be composed of a porous material. Usually, the reinforcement is introduced into the support tube and is in contact therewith. For this, most often, bronze spheres are sintered in the support tube.
An example thereof is the Promag H-series of Endress+Hauser having diameters smaller than 25 mm.
There are measuring tubes, especially those known from magneto inductive flow measurement, which are provided with a lining on the inside, in order to insulate the electrodes electrically relative to the support tube. This lining is usually called the 'liner'. An adhered or vulcanized or pressed-in liner has the disadvantage, that the adhesion between support tube and liner in the case of temperature, or pressure, fluctuations is not sufficiently assured. This can lead to release, for example, due to different coefficients of thermal expansion between support tube and liner or through arising negative pressure, this meaning, thus, that the accuracy of measurement is significantly degraded. Sprayed on or thermally melted on liners have, most often, lesser insulating properties, whereby measurement accuracy and the lifetime of the measuring tubes decreases.
To the state of the art belong securement designs, wherein the liner is secured on the inside of the support tube in a dovetail configuration, or bridge, designs. Such a pointwise securement cannot durably prevent release of the liner. Furthermore, support bodies are known, which are introduced into the support tube, in order to strengthen the liner. Among such support bodies is a pipe, or tube, having a slightly smaller outer diameter than the inner diameter of the support tube and a certain number of holes. Such a pipe, or tube, is introduced into the support tube and is completely surrounded by the insulating material. The number of holes is chosen carefully, since, in the case of large hole separation, the danger of release of the insulation from the pipe serving as a reinforcement is present. The amount of insulating material needed to completely coat the pipe serving as a reinforcement is relatively high.
A further support body is constructed of a lattice- or net-like or three dimensional weave, which can be produced from various materials, for example, from metal, which is introduced into the support tube and connected by pointwise bonding therewith and which is surrounded by the material of the insulating layer. In order to assure a sufficient stability of the liner, many points of securement are necessary. Reinforcement with such a support body is in the case of a conical curvature of the inner diameter of the measuring tube very complicated to implement.
A further support body is composed of a porous material, into whose pores the material of the insulating layer partially penetrates and so clings to the support body. Such a support body is described, for example, in EP1039269A1. The support body is of bending resistant material, which should assure for the thus reinforced liner a sufficient stability against release from the support tube or against folding of the liner or against a collapse of the liner protection. The porous support body must for this purpose not contact the support tube or be securely connected therewith.
EP0581017B1 describes a measuring tube with a porous support body, which is in contact with the support tube and the material of the insulating layer does not reach the inside of the support tube. Thus, pores on the side of the support body facing the support tube are unfilled.
All these designs have the disadvantage, that they are relatively complicated to manufacture and, therewith, relatively expensive. A seamless connection between support body and support tube, especially a material bonded, interlocking connection, which can absorb axial and radial forces, is not provided.
For manufacture of a pipeline, or of a measuring tube, with an insulating layer, there are known to those skilled in the art, methods which secure a support body in a prefabricated support tube or manufacture the support body in the support tube and then introduce the insulating layer into the support tube bearing installed support body. EP1039269A1 describes one such method, wherein, in the lumen of a prefabricated support tube, a porous support body is formed exactly fitting, by introducing a sinter core into the lumen of the support tube, which forms with the support tube a sinter space, into which sinter starting material of the support body is introduced and sintered. Then, the sinter core is removed and, following that, then a casting core is introduced into the lumen of the support tube with support body, which forms with the support tube a casting space, into which the liquefied starting material of the insulating layer is charged, which penetrates into the support body and solidifies, after which he casting core is removed.
It has been found that the separate introduction of a support body means a considerable manufacturing effort, especially when such is to fit accurately and/or be fixedly connected with the support tube and/or when apparatus-related features, such as, for example, openings for later introduction of electrodes or coil cores in the case of magneto inductive flow measuring devices, must be taken into consideration.

Pipeline or measuring tube having at least one layer which insulates at least in certain regions, and method for the manufacture thereof


A method and apparatus for proxying search requests for a storage system and maintaining a central index for performing the search requests is described herein. An index manager on the storage system may initially produce the central index by examining each file in a file system and update the central index thereafter by examining only those files that have changed since the central index was initially produced or last updated. The index manager may receive a changed file list from a differencing layer configured for comparing snapshots of the file system at different time points to produce changed file lists. A search proxy module may receive search requests in a search protocol and proxy the search requests to a search engine by converting the search requests to another search protocol compatible with the search engine. The search engine may then use the central index for performing the search request.

A storage system is a processing system adapted to store and retrieve information/data on storage devices (such as disks). The storage system includes a storage operating system that implements a file system to logically organize the information as a hierarchical structure of directories and files on the storage devices. Each file may comprise a set of data blocks, whereas each directory may be implemented as a specially-formatted file in which information about other files and directories are stored.
The storage operating system generally refers to the computer-executable code operable on a storage system that manages data access and access requests (read or write requests requiring input/output operations) and may implement file system semantics in implementations involving storage systems. In this sense, the Data ONTAP® storage operating system, available from NetApp, Inc. of Sunnyvale, Calif., which implements a Write Anywhere File Layout (WAFL®) file system, is an example of such a storage operating system implemented as a microkernel within an overall protocol stack and associated storage. The storage operating system can also be implemented as an application program operating over a general-purpose operating system, such as UNIX® or Windows®, or as a general-purpose operating system with configurable functionality, which is configured for storage applications as described herein.
A storage system is typically implemented as one or more storage volumes that comprise physical storage devices, defining an overall logical arrangement of storage space. Available storage system implementations can serve a large number of discrete volumes, each volume having a separate file system associated therewith. A storage volume is "loaded" in the storage system by copying the logical organization of the volume's files, data, and directories, into the storage system's memory. Once a volume has been loaded in memory, the volume may be "mounted" by one or more users, applications, devices, and the like, that are permitted to access its contents and navigate its namespace.
A storage system may be configured to allow client systems to access its contents, for example, to read or write data to the storage system. A client system may comprise, for example, a personal computer (PC), workstation, laptop, or any other type of computer device for interacting with the storage system. A client system may execute an application that "connects" to the storage system over a computer network, such as a shared local area network (LAN), wide area network (WAN), or virtual private network (VPN) implemented over a public network such as the Internet. The application executing on the client system may send an access request (read or write request) to the storage system for accessing particular data stored on the storage system.
An application executing on the client system may also send a search request to the storage system for searching for particular files of a file system on the storage system. The search request may comprise a content search request for a search based on file content (content search) and/or a metadata search request for a search based on file metadata (metadata search). The search request may be in a format in accordance with a particular search protocol. For example, a Windows® based client may submit a search request in Windows Search Protocol (WSP) to a Windows® based storage system that is configured to receive and perform the search request.
Some storage systems, however, may not be configured for performing content or metadata searches and/or be able to process search requests in particular search protocols. For example, some search protocols (e.g., WSP) may be embedded/integrated within a network file protocol (e.g., Common Internet File System protocol or Network File System protocol) so that the data of the search request is embedded/integrated within data for the network file protocol. Some storage systems may be incompatible with such search request and not be capable of processing the search requests. As such, there is a need for a method for providing search capabilities to storage systems not configured for such having search capabilities.
To enhance search capabilities, a search engine may produce and store (e.g., to the storage system) a central index comprising a content index (for indexing file content) and a metadata index (for indexing file metadata). The central index may be produced by examining each file in the file system and storing content and metadata information regarding each file into the central index. A received search request may then be performed on the central index, rather than examining and searching each individual file in the file system, to reduce the time and resources required to perform the search request. However, the storage system may expend significant time and resources to maintain the central index as each file in the file system is typically re-examined for determining file changes (e.g., file additions, modifications, deletions) at predetermined time intervals to periodically update the central index. As such, there is a need for a method and apparatus for indexing files of a storage system more efficiently.

Proxying search requests for files to a search engine


Derivatives of carboxymethylcellulose are disclosed in which all or a portion of the carboxymethyl groups are replaced by groups of the general formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is a hydrogen or methyl group,. R.sup.2 is a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group with 2 to 5 carbon atoms, PA1 R.sup.3, R.sup.4 are alkyl groups with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, PA1 R.sup.5 is an alkyl group with 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a benzyl group, PA1 X is a halogen or sulfate group or a sulfonic acid group,. with the proviso that, on the average, at least 0.1 quaternary ammonium groups are contained per anhydroglucose unit of the polymeric molecule.. The invention furthermore relates to derivatives of carboxymethylcellulose, in which all or a portion of the carboxymethyl groups are replaced by groups of the general formula ##STR2## in which the substituents R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 have the above meaning, with the proviso that, on the average, at least 0.1 tertiary amino groups are contained per anhydroglucose unit of the polymeric molecule, as intermediates for the synthesis of the aforementioned derivatives.. The invention furthermore is directed to a method for the synthesis of the derivatives of carboxymethylcellulose and their use in cosmetic preparations, especially for the care of hair.

The German Patent No. 1,593,657 discloses quaternary nitrogen-containing cellulose ethers, which correspond to the structural formula ##STR3## in which R.sub.Cell represents an anhydroglucose unit, y is a whole number from 200 to 5,000 and each R group represents a substituent of the following general formula: ##STR4## in which "a" and "b" are 2 or 3, m and p are whole numbers from 0 to 10, n is a whole number from 0 to 3, R.sub.1 represents a methyl or ethyl group, Q represents an anion and v is a whole number, which corresponds to the valence of Q. In the above formula, the average value of n per anhydroglucose unit of the cellulose ether is 0.1 to 0.5 and that of m+n+p is 0.1 to 2.5, with the exception of the cellulose ethers, for which the average value of m+p is equal to zero.
According to the claims of the patent, these ethers have an improved substantivity towards different substrates in comparison with unmodified cellulose ethers. They can therefore be used for purposes, for which the conventional cellulose ethers are not or not very suitable because of their nonionic or anionic character. The compounds can be used in cosmetic formulations.
The German Offenlegungsschrift No. 3,301,667 is directed to a method for the synthesis of cationic cellulose derivatives, which is characterized in that
(a) an alkali cellulose, suspended in an aqueous organic solvent that is at least partly miscible with water, is reacted with a nonionic etherification agent from the group consisting of glycide, glycide acetate or glycerin chlorohydrin in an amount of 2 to 10 moles/mole of anhydroglycose unit, PA1 (b) during or after the reaction, the reaction mixture is reacted with a cationic etherification agent of the general formula ##STR5## in which R represents a lower alkyl group with 1 to 4 carbon atoms or the group --N.sup.(+) R.sub.3 Cl.sup.(-) is replaced by a group ##STR6## in an amount of 0.5 to 2.0 moles/mole of anhydroglycose unit. PA1 R.sup.2 is a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group with 2 to 5 carbon atoms, PA1 R.sup.3, R.sup.4 are alkyl groups with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, PA1 R.sup.5 is an alkyl group with 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a benzyl group, PA1 X is a halogen or sulfate ester group or a sulfonic acid group, PA1 (a) an alkali salt of the carboxymethylcellulose is esterified at temperatures of 80.degree. to 170.degree. C., a pressure of 5 to 100 bar and a reaction time of 1 to 24 hours in a known manner with, based on the carboxymethyl groups, a 1- to 10-fold molar excess of alkyl chloride, the alkyl group of which has 1 to 3 carbon atoms, the excess alkyl chloride being removed from the reaction mixture in a known manner after the esterification, PA1 (b) the ester of the carboxymethylcellulose, thus obtained, is reacted with amines of the general formula ##STR9## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are defined as in Formula I, at temperatures of 80.degree. to 150.degree. C., a reaction time of 1 to 10 hours and optionally at an elevated pressure in such amounts, that 1 to 10 moles of amine are used per mole of ester group. After the reaction, the excess amine is removed from the reaction mixture in a known manner, whereupon PA1 (c) the derivative of carboxymethylcellulose, thus obtained, which has tertiary amino group, is reacted optionally at an elevated temperature and optionally at an elevated pressure during a reaction time of 0.5 to 8 hours with, based on the tertiary amino groups, at least equimolar amounts of the compound R.sup.5 --X, in which R.sup.5 and X are as defined in Formula I.
It is pointed out in this Offenlegungsschrift that the known cationic conditioning agents (which also include the products of the German Patent No. 1,593,657) would have numerous deficiencies. For example, products with a good water solubility and a sufficient compatibility with anionic washing raw materials generally are not sufficiently active, so that a high dosage would be required. Other products of limited water solubility are too strongly substantive and are exhausted almost completely on the hair. After several treatments, this would lead to an accumulation and a decrease in the fullness and the set of the dried hair. The products of the German Offenlegungsschrift No. 3,301,667 would have these disadvantages to an appreciably lesser extent, if at all.
The German Offenlegungsschrift No. 3,502,833 discloses a cosmetic agent for the treatment of hair or skin, which contains a quaternary, macromolecular, polymeric compound derived from chitosan. The compounds are synthesized by reacting a chitosan, consisting of 50 to 100% deacetylated chitin, in the presence of a solvent with a glycidyl trialkylammonium halide and ethylene oxide in a suitable ratio. As starting material, especially chitosan, purified by reprecipitation, is used.
In the published European Patent Application No. 0 189 935, water-soluble cationic polysaccharides based on cellulose ethers are described, which differ from the compounds of the German Patent No. 1,593,657 essentially by additionally having an alkyl group with at least 8 carbon atoms. As a result, they are hydrophobically substituted.

Nitrogen-containing derivatives of carboxymethylcellulose, their synthesis and their use in cosmetic preparations


An injection molding integral cooled socket holder to be seated in a well in a cavity plate to receive an elongated heated nozzle. A central tube portion extends between a rear collar portion and a forward socket portion to form an elongated socket to receive the nozzle. The tube portion has small diameter inlet and outlet tubes received in longitudinal grooves which carry a flow of cooling water which is received at the rear collar portion to the forward socket portion. The water flows around a circular conduit in the forward socket portion to provide cooling adjacent the gate. The components of the socket holder are integrally brazed together in a vacuum furnace. Socket holders are made with various preselected lengths to match different length nozzles by cutting the central tube portion including the inlet and outlet tubes to different standard lengths.

This invention relates generally to injection molding and more particularly to a cooled socket holder which seats in a cavity plate and receives an elongated heated nozzle.
It is well known to seat an injection molding nozzle having an integral electrical heating element in a cooled cavity plate. An example is shown in the applicant's U.S. Pat. No. 4,238,671 which issued Dec. 9, 1980 and shows cooling conduits extending through the cavity plate. U.S. Pat. No. 4,687,613 to Tsutsumi which issued August 18, 1987 shows cooling fluid passages extending through the nozzle itself. U.S. Pat. No. 4,622,001 to Bright et al. which issued Nov. 11, 1986, the applicant's U.S. Pat. No. 4,911,636 which issued Mar. 27, 1990 and Canadian patent application serial number 585,023 to Mold-Masters Limited filed Dec. 5, 1988 all show a cooling passage extending through a mold insert extending around the forward nose portion of a nozzle. With the development of smaller sized injection molding components and the increased demand for more temperature critical materials, the location and size of heating and cooling in injection molding systems have become even more critical to successful operation. This is particularly true for systems using temperature assisted or thermal gating. It is also desirable to provide a cooling arrangement which is economical to make with provision for nozzles of different lengths. While these previous arrangements are satisfactory for some applications, each of them is different to a considerable extent in one or more of the above areas.

Injection molding cooled socket holder for a heated nozzle


Systems and methods for controlling a vehicle based on driver engagement are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method of controlling a vehicle includes determining, using driver data from one or more driver sensors, a driver state estimation of a driver of the vehicle, determining, using environment data from one or more environmental sensors, one or more environment anomalies within an environment of the vehicle, and determining an anomaly category for at least one of the one or more environment anomalies. The method further includes, based on the driver state estimation and one or more anomaly categories, selecting a failure mode, based on the failure mode, selecting at least one failsafe action, and determining an operation of the vehicle in accordance with the failure mode.

Drivers of vehicles, such as automobiles, may encounter driving situations that are challenging, such as avoiding a braking vehicle or an object that is crossing the road. Autonomous vehicles are vehicles that are capable of performing some level of computer control of the vehicle. The level of autonomy of an autonomous vehicle ranges from Level 1 (specific functions are done automatically by a vehicle, such as acceleration) to Level 5 (fully autonomous vehicle with driving capabilities better than a driver). Most vehicles today are driven by human drivers but have some autonomous features.
One problem that exists with semi-autonomous vehicles (i.e., vehicles having an autonomy of Level 4 or less) is when to pass control of the vehicle from the vehicle computer to the driver or from the driver to the vehicle computer. In some cases, when a car is in an autonomous mode, the driver or other occupant may be distracted and not in a state where he or she is capable of taking control of the vehicle. In other situations, a driver may be controlling the vehicle but a challenging driving situation may be better maneuvered by vehicle computer control of the vehicle.

TOYOTA MOTOR ENGINEERING & MANUFACTURING NORTH AMERICA, INC.


The invention relates to a bone screw and a tool for fixing same. A bone screw has a screw element (1), comprising a screw shank (2) and a screw head (3), a cylindrical receiver part (5) with a bore coaxial to the cylindrical axis coming from one end (8) of the cylinder, an opening (6) extending cross-wise to the cylindrical axis for receiving a rod (16) to be connected to the bone screw, an inner thread (10) at one end (8) and a screw (13) cooperating with it and also an outer thread (11) at one end (8) and a nut (14) cooperating with it. Both threads (10, 11) are constructed as running in opposite directions. A fastening tool (21, 21xe2x80x2) acts as tool for fixing a bone screw, with a central shank (23), which is constructed at one end for engagement with a screw or nut and at its other end has a first handle (22), a sleeve-shaped shank (24), surrounding the central shank (23), which is constructed at one end for engagement with a screw or nut and at its other end has a second handle (25), both shanks (23, 24) being rotatable with respect to one another.

The invention relates to a bone screw and an associated fastening tool for fixing the bone screw.
A bone screw is known, for example, from EP 0 483 242 B1. A bone screw is known from EP 0 614 649 A1. With these bone screws high torques are applied when the screws are driven home and also for fixing the screw element and for fixing the rod. As the screws have to be finally tightened during the operation by the person performing the operationxe2x80x94after inserting the rodxe2x80x94there is a danger of damaging the vertebra concerned. If the screws are not sufficiently finally tightened, there is a danger that the screws/rod connections will come loose and the bone screw will lose its fixed position.
It is the object of the invention to improve the way of fixing the bone screw, in order on the one hand to be able to apply sufficiently high torques for permanent fixing of the screws and on the other hand to reduce or avoid transfer of support moments on to the bone or the vertebra during screwing down.
By means of the screw connection in opposite directions both screw elements can be fixed at the same time. The respective support moment which occurs on tightening a screw element therein simultaneously serves as a torque supporting the screw connection of the other screw element. In this way higher torques can be applied without a dangerous torque being introduced into the bone of the patient.
With the tool according to the invention it is possible to apply a high torque in two opposite directions, so they almost cancel one another out. It is further possible for the user to vary the torque individually for the two screw elements in a simple way.
Further advantageous configurations of the invention are the subject of the subordinate claims.


Compositions, methods of making compositions, materials including compositions, crayons including compositions, paint including compositions, ink including compositions, waxes including compositions, polymers including compositions, vesicles including the compositions, methods of making each, and the like are disclosed.

Persistent phosphorescence was discovered in the 11th century in China and Japan and in the 16th century in Europe (Shionoya, S. (1998) in Phosphor Handbook, Shionoya, S; and Yen, W. M; (eds.), CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, N.Y., p. 3, which is incorporated herein by reference for the corresponding discussion). The phenomenon involves two kinds of active centers, emitters and traps. Emitters are centers capable of emitting radiation after excitation of the center. Traps do not emit radiation, but store excitation energy and release it gradually to the emitter. Emitter centers can be created through the addition of activators, i.e., small amounts of intentionally added impurity atoms or ions, to the host matrix. Co-activators are additional, intentionally-added impurity ions which may affect (improve or modify) the emission of an activator. For example, a co-activator can be added to form trapping centers that can increase the persistence time of the phosphor.
Persistent phosphors are a class of luminescent materials that show long-lasting bright afterglow in dark after charged by UV light or another source of radiation capable of promoting transition of the material from one electronic state (e.g., the ground state) to an electronic state of higher energy (an excited state). Typically, long-persistent phosphors continue to emit an afterglow several hours after excitation has ceased. Various persistent phosphors in the visible have been developed. These include (a) sulfides, such as ZnS:Cu (green), ZnS:Cu, Co (green) and ZnS:Mn, Cu (green), CaS:Bi (460 nm, blue) and CaS:Eu,Tm (450 nm, red) developed before the sixties; (b) aluminates, such as CaAl2O4:Eu2+,Nd3+ (F. C. Palilla, A. K. Levine and M. R. Tomkus, Fluorescent Properties of Alkaline Earth Aluminate of the Type M2Al2O4 Activated by Divalent Europium, J. Electrochem. Soc. 115 (6) (1968) 642-644, which is herein incorporated by reference for the corresponding discussion), SrAl4O7:Eu2+,Pr3+/Dy3+ (W. M. Yen, W. Jia, L. Lu, H. Yuan, U.S. Pat. No. 6,117,362, 2000), SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+ (W. M. Yen, W. Jia, L. Lu and H. Yuan, U.S. Pat. No. 6,267,911 B1, 2001; H. Lange, U.S. Pat. No. 3,294,699, 12/1996; Murayama et al. U.S. Pat. No. 5,424,006; T. Matsuzawa, Y. Aoki, N. Takeuchi and Y. Murayama, A New Long Persistent Phosphor with High Brightness SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+, J. Electrochem. Soc. 143 (8) (1996) 2670-2673, which are herein incorporated by reference for the corresponding discussions); those phosphors have emission in the violet (440 nm), green-blue (490 nm) and green (520 nm), respectively; and (c) silicates, such as Sr2MgSi2O7:Eu2+,Dy3+ with phosphorescence at 470 nm (Zhiguo Xiao and Zhiqiang Xiao, U.S. Pat. No. 6,093,346, 2000), SrMgSi2O6:Eu2+,Nd3+ (470 nm) (D. Jia, W. Jia, Y. Jia, J. Appl. Phys. 101 (2007) Article Number: 023520, which is herein incorporated by reference for the corresponding discussion), and Ca3MgSi2O8:Eu2+,Dy3+ with afterglow band at 475 nm (Yuanhua Lin, Zhongtai Zhang, Zilong Tang, Xiaoxin Wang, Junying Zhang, Zhishan Zheng, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 21 (2001) 683). From the above list, it can be seen that all the emission of the persistent phosphors developed up to now are in the visible. The longest wavelength is in red near 650 nm (CaS:Eu2+,Tm3+). These visible persistent phosphors have been widely used for security signs, indicators of control panels, and so on.
It has been reported that some lanthanum gallates showed strong emission in the infrared and the single crystals were used for tunable infrared lasers. For example, La3Ga5SiO14:Cr3+ (A. A. Kaminskii, A. P. Shkadarevich, B. V. Mill, V. G. Koptev and A. A. Demidovich, Wide-band Tunable Stimulated Emission from a La3Ga5SiO14:Cr3+ Crystal, Inorg. Mater. (USSR) 23 (1987) 618; S. T. Lai, B. H. T. Chai, M. Long and M. D. Shinn, Room Temperature Near-Infrared Tunable Cr:La3Ga5SiO14 Laser, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. Qe-23 (1987) 24, which are herein incorporated by reference for the corresponding discussions); La3Ga5GeO14:Cr3+ (A. A. Kaminskii, A. P. Shkadarevich, B. V. Mill, V. G. Koptev, A. V. Butashin, and A. A. Demidovich, Tunable Stimulated Emission of Cr3+ Ions and Generation Frequency Self-Multiplication Effect in Acentric Crystals of La-gallogermanate Structure, Inorg. Mater. (USSR), 24 (1988) 579, which is herein incorporated by reference for the corresponding discussion); La3Ga5.5Nb0.5O14:Cr and La3Ga5.5Ta0.5O14:Cr (A. A. Kaminskii, A. P. Shkadarevich, B. V. Mill, V. G. Koptev, A. V. Butashin and A. A. Demidovich, Wide-band Tunable Stimulated Emission of Cr3+ Ions in the Trigonal Crystal La3Ga5.5Nb0.5O14, Inorg. Mater. (USSR) 23 (1987) 1700, which is herein incorporated by reference for the corresponding discussion). However, no afterglow has been reported in the luminescent crystals.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Phosphorescent compositions, methods of making the compositions, and methods of using the compositions

Georgia Southern University Research and Service Foundation, Inc.


A diode-pumped fiber amplifier has its amplifying fiber divided into two parts so that light from both ends of a laser diode can be used for pumping. A second diode may be included for redundancy, its outputs being coupled via a pair of polarisation beam splitter/combiners.

This invention relates to diode-pumped optical amplifiers.
A conventional injection laser diode emits light from both the front end facet and the rear end facet. Normally however it is only the light emitted from the front facet that is made available for use in the world outside the laser package, while that emitted from the rear facet is employed internally of the package for monitoring purposes. In certain types of laser chip the construction is designed such that much more light is emitted from the front facet than from the rear, but the most basic design provides substantially the same power from both facets. An injection laser diode has a number of advantages as an optical source for pumping an optical amplifier, but the fact that much of its power is not used for pumping, because it is emitted from the rear facet of the diode, is not one of those advantages.


A method, system and apparatus for debugging in a multiprocessor environment. The system includes a principal processor which remotely debugs target programs running on a plurality of different target processors. The different types of target processors differ with respect to their instruction sets. The principal processor debugs the target programs and is configured to provide a plurality of debugging instructions specific to each instruction set, determine the type of target processor executing a target program to be debugged, select among the debugging instructions specific to each instruction set based upon the identified type of target processor, and insert the selected debugging instructions into the target program.

Multiprocessor devices use multiple processors to perform a variety of tasks. The tasks may all be related to the same program, or they may relate to different programs. For example, if the program is a game on racing, one task running on one processor may be responsible for calculating a car's speed and position while another task may be responsible for determining how to draw the three-dimensional car on a two-dimensional computer screen. It may be useful to break these two tasks into separate programs running in parallel because the car may be changing positions more often than the associated gaming device can display those positions. By running in parallel with access to some common memory, the two tasks can operate at independent speeds without affecting the performance of the other. As is known to those of ordinary skill in the art, a program may actually be a collection of programs relating to a particular application. For example, a racing game application may include either a racing program alone, or it may include both a racing program and a car-management program.
The multiple processors may be identical to one another (a homogeneous environment) or of different types (a heterogeneous environment). By way of example, in a heterogeneous environment, the processors may differ with respect to the set of microcode instructions that the processors are capable of executing.
Programmers typically use programs or routines called debuggers when writing programs for computers. Debuggers are used to assist programmers in preventing or remedying errors in applications, and they perform one or more of a variety of functions. For example, when a program is running, the debugger might allow a programmer to check on the data values (whether the values are stored in registers, RAM or any other memory) used by the program so that the programmer can examine potential anomalies (like a car whose position indicates the car is below the surface of the road). By further way of example, a debugger may allow a programmer to halt or break a running program at particular steps. The break may be absolute (e.g., whenever the processor encounters a break instruction) or conditional (e.g., whenever the memory associated with a car's altitude indicates that it is below the surface of the road). Other debugger functions will also be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art.
When programs run on a computer with a relatively large amount of processing power and memory, such as many personal computers sold today, the debuggers often run on the same processor as the program they are debugging. However, there are instances where it is undesirable to run a debugger on the same processor as the program to be debugged.
For example, embedded systems such as personal digital assistants (PDAs) may have limited processing power to run both the debugger and the program to be debugged at the same time. Other systems such as gaming systems may have additional constraints, for example, the need to evaluate the performance of a game without hampering the performance of the game device by running a full debugger and game at the same time.
Heterogeneous multiprocessor environments provide additional challenges. The most effective debuggers are able to run natively on the same processor as the program to be debugged. Accordingly, when a multiprocessing system contains different types of processors, typical debuggers have required the user programmer to manually start, stop and manage multiple debuggers running at the same time even if the debuggers are shown in the same GUI. This can become extremely challenging when a program is simultaneously executing three or more processes on three or more different types of processors. The challenge is particularly difficult when the tasks of an application are relatively short-lived, that is, they may be spawned and terminated on a processor within a very short period of time.
Accordingly, there is a need for a system and method which permits a more advantageous debugging of programs in a heterogeneous multiprocessor environment.

Systems and methods for debugging in a multiprocessor environment


When receiving a file access from the client, the file access program refers to the mapping table, and processes an access to files of on volumes of RAID groups. The file server analyzes the file access states, and groups the files depending on the access time period, defines the file migration pattern based on the grouping, migrates the files, and then carries out a power management operation like a spin-down/-up operation on the RAID groups based on the migration pattern.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to management of file systems, in particular, to management of files by virtualizing file systems created in a storage.
2. Description of the Related Art
Recently, there have been increased needs for file service using file management system including a file server or servers (NAS: Network Attached Storage) for managing file systems and more than one storage for storing files of the file systems. In order to meet such needs, there have been increased capacities of a storage for storing files, and more disk devices have been required for building up the storage. As more disk devices are required, more power consumption is required for the entire storages. In particular, increase of power consumption of the entire storages is a big problem for a high-capacity disk array system constituting RAID (Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks) by using plural disk devices.
JP 2007-86843 A discloses a technique to store metadata on a cache memory before a pin-down operation of HDD (Hard Disk Drive) corresponding to logical volumes on which file systems are created, so as to enable it to refer to file attributes even if the HDD is being spun down, and then start a spin-up operation of the logical volumes, triggered by a reference to this stored metadata, thereby to prevent delay of access response as well as to realize power saving of the entire storage.
However, even such a technique disclosed in JP 2007-86843 A cannot spin down HDD corresponding to logical volumes on which file systems are created if a user accesses even one of plural files managed by a file system. This means that no power saving can be expected under an environment of continuous file accesses.
The present invention has an object to realize power saving even under such an environment of continuous file accesses.

File server, file management system and file management method


The present invention provides a surface treatment method that improves antimicrobial activity of copper or a copper alloy and enhances immediate effects of antimicrobial actions on the surface of the copper or the copper alloy. A surface treatment method for copper or a copper alloy according to the present invention comprises preparing a reducing agent solution containing a biological reducing substance, and treating the surface of the copper or the copper alloy with the reducing agent solution. The present invention also provides a surface treatment liquid for sterilizing copper or a copper alloy, in which the surface treatment liquid contains a biological reducing substance. The present invention also provides a sterilization method that comprises bringing copper or a copper alloy treated by the surface treatment method into contact with a surface of an object to sterilize the surface of the object.

In recent years, the spread of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and viruses having resistance to antimicrobials and antivirals has been regarded as a serious problem. A collaborative study between the UK Government and the Wellcome Trust estimates that 10 million people across the world will die by 2050 because of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (Review on Antimicrobial Resistance. Antimicrobial Resistance: Tackling a Crisis for the Health and Wealth of Nations. 2014). This number exceeds the number of cancer fatalities each year, and the associated economic loss is estimated at about 100 trillion dollars. WHO's global action plan against infection caused by antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (Global Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance. World Health Organization. 2015) requires urgent action to deal with a flurry of development of antimicrobial resistance. The document also describes how to reduce the incidence of infection, how to optimize the use of antimicrobials, and the importance in complying with the optimal use.
In the midst of growing threats caused by antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and viruses, metallic copper (hereinafter also simply referred to as "copper") and alloys thereof are attracting attention as new antimicrobial and antiviral materials. This is because materials' surfaces touched by human hands are confirmed to play an important role in preventing infection. A material surface is not only a source of infection due to bacteria attached to the surface from human hands but also a cause of horizontal transfer of antimicrobial-resistance genes due to coexistence of several types of bacteria. Therefore, not only new antimicrobial-resistant bacteria but also multiantimicrobial-resistant bacteria may be generated. In order to prevent the generation of such bacteria, continuous disinfection of materials surfaces is necessary, and copper and copper alloys have attracted attention as such materials. It is reported that a surface of copper and a copper alloy exhibits strong bactericidal actions which destroy bacteria attached to the surface and degrade DNA of the bacteria in about several tens of minutes to several hours. Due to the gene degradation, it is determined that copper and copper alloys do not cause horizontal transfer that generates new antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and that copper and copper alloys are effective against many types of pathogens such as viruses and fungi as well as bacteria.
Accordingly, introduction of copper and copper alloy products are promoted in medical institutions, nursing homes, and places where many people gather (such as nurseries and public transportation vehicles). For example, in a demonstration experiment in a hospital, Non Patent Literature 1 reports an 83% reduction in bioburden (the number of viable microbes in an environment), and Non Patent Literature 2 reports a 58% reduction in incidence of healthcare-acquired infections (HAI).

Surface treatment method for copper or copper alloy, surface treatment liquid for sterilizing copper or copper alloy, and sterilization method using copper or copper alloy treated by said method

NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR MATERIALS SCIENCE


A solution for generating a portal page based on a data item. In particular, one or more portlets are selected from a set of available portlets based on the data item. The selected portlet(s) are then included on the portal page, which can be provided to a user device for display. The data item can be provided to a content provider for the portlet in order to generate the display area for the portlet. Information on the user and/or user device can be used when selecting the one or more portlets for inclusion on the portal page.

1. Technical Field
The invention relates generally to portal pages, and more particularly to a solution for generating a portal page based on a data item.
2. Background Art
The use of portal pages and portlets have greatly enhanced a user's ability to customize content that is provided over computer networks such as the Internet. As known, a "portal page" is generated at a web "portal" server by portal server software (e.g., WebSphere Portal Server, which is commercially available from International Business Machines Corp. of Armonk, N.Y.). A portal page typically includes one or more sections or visual "portlets" that each contain certain content formatted according to a user's preferences. For example, a user could establish his/her own portal page that has portlets for news, weather and sports. When the portal page is requested by the user, the portal server obtains the desired content from the content provider associated with each portlet. Once obtained, the content is aggregated and uniform resource indicator (URI) references to advertisements and other supplemental content can be inserted into the markup language for display in the appropriate sections as a portal web page. This portal technology has lead to the explosion of personalized "home" pages for individual web users.
To date, the generation of a portal page requires extensive user interaction. For example, the user generally selects one or more desired portlets from a list of available portlets, manually places, sizes, and formats each selected portlet on a portal page, provides any data that may be necessary to obtain desired data for the portlet (e.g., a geographic area for weather information), etc. As a result, the content of a portal page is generally static and cannot be readily created and/or modified on the fly.
Many applications could benefit from the dynamic generation of a web page such as a portal page. For example, a user may monitor the health of a computer network. If a problem occurs on the network, the user may desire additional information such as information on the maintenance history of a problematic hardware item, a schematic of the network configuration, contact information for one or more individuals that can address the problem, etc. However, to date, portal pages have not been able to be readily used in these situations.
As a result, a need exists for an improved solution for generating a portal page. In particular, a need exists for a method, system and program product that select one or more portlets, and generate a portal page that includes the selected portlets based on a data item with no or a reduced amount of required user interaction.

International Business Machines Corporation


A flexible cable connector comprises an insulative housing, a plurality of terminals retained in the housing, and a conductive shield partially surrounding the housing. A plurality of passageways is defined in the housing for receiving the terminals. Each terminal has a terminal member and a contact member for engaging with a mating connector. The flexible cable is inserted into the housing from a rear end thereof and a signal pattern of the flexible cable is adapted to engage with the terminal members of the terminals. The shield slidably covers the housing and forms a pressing plate to engage with a grounding pattern of the flexible cable.

The present invention relates to an electrical connector, and especially to an electrical connector for connecting with a flexible printed circuit (hereafter, "FPC") the connector having a simple structure and a reduced number of components for facilitating automatic manufacture thereof.
An electrical connector for connection with a FPC usually comprises an insulative housing and a shield adapted to surround the housing. A plurality of terminals is mounted in the housing proximate a mating face thereof. The FPC is inserted into the housing from a mounting face of the housing opposite the mating face to contact the terminals. A pressing member is pivotally mounted to the housing proximate the mounting face for being rotated to press against the FPC thereby securing the FPC within the housing. Pertinent prior art is disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,370,552; 5,401,186; 5,474,468; 5,580,272; and 5,738,545, and Taiwan Patent Application No. 84218005.
Referring to FIGS. 6 and 7, a conventional electrical connector 6 for connection with an FPC 7 comprises an insulative housing 60 and a first conductive shield 62 adapted to partially surround the housing 60. A plurality of passageways 602 is defined through the housing 60 for receiving corresponding terminals 61 therein. Each terminal 61 includes a contact portion 612 and a terminal portion 614 opposite the contact portions 612. The FPC 7 is inserted into the housing 60 from a rear surface thereof and a signal pattern 70 of the FPC 7 contacts the terminal portions 614 of the terminals 61. A pressing member 63 is pivotally mounted to the housing 60 proximate the rear surface. A second shielding shield 64 surrounds the pressing member 63. The pressing member 63 is rotated to press against the FPC 7 around an axis X thereby securing the FPC 7 within the housing 60 and providing a reliable engagement between the signal pattern of the FPC 7 and the terminal portions 614. Simultaneously, the second shield 64 contacts a grounding pattern 72 of the FPC 7.
Due to current trends, different components of a device are often manufactured at different plants. The components are then transported to an assembly plant to complete assembly of the device. Thus, a structure of each component must be suitable for long distance transportation. The conventional connector 6, before it is assembled with the FPC 7, the second shield 64 and the pressing member 63 thereof, due to their pivotal nature, may be damaged by colliding with other parts of the connector 6 or with unexpected objects outside the connector 6 during transportation. Furthermore, the pressing member 63 and the second shield 64 have a complex structure thereby making manufacture both time and cost inefficient and hindering automatic manufacture. Finally, the conventional connector 6 needs two separate shields 62, 64 to achieve the shielding thereof.


A search processing unit of a central server searches for radiographing information matched with a designated radiographing part, among all items of the radiographing information of a medical facility having radiographing information matched with a detection device ID from a storage device. A sorting unit performs classification into medical facilities (first group), in which the radiation dose after an X-ray image detection device of the designated detection device ID is introduced has changed from that before the introduction, and medical facilities (second group) in which the radiation dose after the X-ray image detection device of the designated detection device ID is introduced has not changed. A statistical data generation unit generates a histogram, in which the range of radiation dose is set as the class on the horizontal axis and the number of medical facilities is set as the frequency on the vertical, for each of first and second groups.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a system and method for radiographing information management, which manages radiographing information and provides support services for low-dose radiographing, and a program therefor.
2. Description of the Related Art
In the medical field, X-ray radiographing systems using radiation, for example, X-rays are known. In the field of recent X-ray radiographing systems, an X-ray image detection device that uses a flat panel detector (FPD) as a detection panel instead of an X-ray film or an imaging plate (IP) has become widespread. An electronic cassette (portable X-ray image detection device) in which an FPD is built into the housing having a rectangular parallelepiped shape has already been put to practical use.
The sensitivity of the X-ray image detection device has improved with the development of such a detection panel. As a result, the same X-ray image as in the related art or a clearer image than in the related art can be obtained with a low radiation dose. In addition, with a recent trend of reducing the dose of exposure to the patient and an increase in the sensitivity of the X-ray image detection device, medical facilities are also required to perform radiographing with a radiation dose as low as possible.
JP2006-150033A discloses a system that stores and manages dose information, which is transmitted from X-ray radiographing systems of a plurality of medical facilities or radiographing rooms, in time series and provides various kinds of information that may be of assistance to low-dose radiographing. As search and classification conditions of the dose information, the type of an X-ray image detection device can be designated. This system generates a histogram, in which the vertical axis indicates the number of medical facilities and the horizontal axis indicates the radiation dose, based on the searched information and provides the histogram to the client. By viewing the histogram, the client can check how much radiation dose is used to perform radiographing in the medical facility where the type of the X-ray image detection device is used.

System and method for radiographing information management and recording medium storing program therefor


A host stores “context” metadata for logical block addresses (LBAs) in a manner tied to physical location. Notwithstanding log-structured or copy on write processes, the host is then provided with immediate context when the host is called upon to assist a memory controller with data identified by physical location, for example, for memory reconfiguration, garbage collection, wear leveling or other processes. The metadata for example can provide the host with insight as to which data may be moved to enhance performance optimization and where that data can be placed. In one embodiment, the host writes back one or more references that span multiple layers of indirection in concert with write of the underlying data; in another embodiment, the context can point to other metadata.

Storage systems, from embedded to datacenter, utilize storage media (or "memory") to store user data written to the system and to retrieve that data on a user's request. Storage systems can be homogeneous, built from the uniform storage media with the same access and/or endurance characteristics, or heterogeneous, comprising multiple media types as distinguished by their latency, throughput, endurance or other performance factors. Some storage schemes try to improve storage efficiency by organizing media of the same type into tiers, with each tier characterized by its underlying media type-specific features. For example, in personal computer systems, dynamic random access memory ("DRAM") provides very quick access but does not retain data once power is removed, whereas a hard disk drive ("HDD") provides relatively slow access compared to DRAM but retains data once power is removed; some systems thus try to store frequently used/overwritten data in DRAM, for quick access and performance while the computer is in active use, and to store data that is less frequently needed or where slower input/output performance can be tolerated in slower memory, such as an HDD.
Note that while data type (e.g., frequently updated operating parameters, read-only data and so forth) provides one relatively straightforward example of data that can be organized into different tiers, there exist many situations where data type is unclear, or where characteristics associated with the data and its associated logical address (e.g., "context") are not clearly and immediately understood by the host or the storage system. A block of data found at a random physical memory location might have no clearly delineated "file type" that can be understood, without more information, by a processor. This is especially the case for storage systems which rely on address translation to store and access data at a physical location that is unknown to the host (e.g., that use virtual and/or logical-to-physical translation, or that otherwise use a log-structured or copy on write file system). Thus, even if data could ultimately be traced back to its source application to understand context of data, without special processes for performing this tracing, the context of data cannot be readily understood by a host or memory controller.
What is needed are techniques for more efficiently managing operation of memory and, more specifically, of providing context to a host, memory controller or another device in a manner that does not require extensive host mechanisms for tracking context. The present invention addresses these needs and provides further, related advantages.


The disclosure provides a method and an apparatus for predicting flight delay, a device and a storage medium. The method includes: acquiring flight historical data, where the flight historical data includes take-off amount and delay amount of flights during each of a plurality of time periods; determining prior knowledge of each of the plurality of time periods according to the take-off amount and the delay amount of the flights during each of the plurality of time periods; constructing a SVM prediction model according to the prior knowledge and a standard SVM model; and predicting a flight delay situation according to the SVM prediction model. The prediction of the flight delay situation for each of the plurality of time periods is realized.

With the rapid development of air-transport industry, the airport throughput of a country increases year by year under the driving by both of airport and regional economy, and accordingly the normal departure rate of flights decreases year by year. Predictive analysis of flight delay is significantly important for an air traffic flow management department and airline companies to make decisions, which can not only assist the air traffic flow management department to take measures to reduce economic losses but also remind the passengers to change the schedule in advance by issuing delay warning information. Therefore, it is an effective method for solving the problem of delay to accurately predict flight departures and landings.
Flight execution is affected by multiple factors together, such as weather, airline companies, airports and the like, and these factors are highly random. Therefore, in the prior art, regarding the method for predicting delay in departures and landings of flights, a flight delay spread model and a data mining method based on a statistical learning theory are commonly used to predict short-time delay rate or average delay time of flights. For example, an aircrew needs to execute multiple flights, and there exists a time connection between the multiple flights, therefore the delay of one flight may influence downstream flights, and the delay in the downstream flights may be continuously spread, which would result in a widespread delay. In the prior art, the spread delay rate and the average delay time for the downstream flights are generally studied to carry out a prediction of departures and landings of the flights.
However, the attention is merely focused on the short-time delay rate and the average delay time in the prior art, without a prediction of the flight operation situation of an airport in terms of time period.

Method and apparatus for predicting flight delay, device and storage medium


A guard for isolating patient skin from a medical appliance is formed from a nonwoven fiber web member soft nonadhesive material having a medication dispersed throughout the member. A continuous adhesive layer is attached to a planar surface of the nonwoven fiber web member suitable for attachment to a medical device so as to place the nonwoven fiber web member between the medical appliance and patient skin. The medication within the nonwoven fiber web member releases medicated powder to alleviate skin abrasion and chafing associated with prolonged contact with the medical appliance.

Plastic tubing is widely used for intravenous feeding of fluids and medication and in such procedures, the tubing comes into contact with the patient's skin. After a period of time such contact often causes pressure sores or chafing. Similarly, bags of plastic for colostomies and incontinence come into contact with a patient's skin and after a period of relative movement can cause chafing and discomfort and can lead to growth of bacteria. Another example of patient care accessories which can cause chafing are identification bands or bracelets. With these and other medical devices, it is desirable to avoid chafing by providing a guard or barrier between the device and the skin of the patient and a means for applying powder such as corn starch to avoid friction or other medication including zinc oxide or calcium undecylenate to reduce the effect of irritants.
It is an object of the invention to provide a means for isolating a medical device such as plastic tubing or bags from the skin of a patient to avoid chafing and pressure sores.
Another object of the invention is to provide a chafe guard which can be attached to selected locations on patient care devices which otherwise may come into direct contact with the skin of a patient.
Still another object of the invention is to provide a chafe guard or skin protector which prevents a medical or patient care device from coming into direct contact with the patients skin and which also can be used as an applicator for medicated powder to avoid friction and assist in treating or avoiding chafing of the skin.


A method for controlling engine operation of an engine having a cylinder receiving fuel from a first and a second fuel injector, the first injector having a first relationship between a first input signal and a first amount of injected fuel, and the second injector having a second relationship between a second input signal and a second amount of injected fuel; the method comprising of varying injection from the first injector into the cylinder, varying injection from the second injector into the cylinder, purging fuel vapors from a fuel system into the cylinder, and adaptively learning said first and second relationships based on sensed operating conditions.

Engines may use various forms of fuel delivery to provide a desired amount of fuel for combustion in each cylinder. One type of fuel delivery uses a port injector for each cylinder to deliver fuel to respective cylinders. Still another type of fuel delivery uses a direct injector for each cylinder.
Further, engines have also been described using more than one injector to provide fuel to a single cylinder in an attempt to improve engine performance. Specifically, in US 2005/0155578 an engine is described using a port fuel injector and a direct injector in each cylinder of the engine.
Another approach utilizing multiple injection locations for different fuel types is described in the papers titled "Calculations of Knock Suppression in Highly Turbocharged Gasoline/Ethanol Engines Using Direct Ethanol Injection" and "Direct Injection Ethanol Boosted Gasoline Engine: Biofuel Leveraging for Cost Effective Reduction of Oil Dependence and CO2 Emissions" by Heywood et al. Specifically, the Heywood et al. papers describes directly injecting ethanol to improve charge cooling effects, while relying on port injected gasoline for providing the majority of combusted fuel over a drive cycle.
However, the inventors herein have recognized a problem with such approaches, specifically with respect to compensating for variation of components, such as fuel injectors, over. For example, each injector may degrade in different ways over time, and with different effects on fuel injection. Further, such variation can be masked by errors or variation in fuel vapor purge quantities, blends, or concentrations. Further still, depending on the blend or concentration of fuel vapors, different adjustment between injectors may be needed to maintain the desired mixture or blend in the combustion chambers. Finally, in the case where multiple fuel reservoirs are stored on-board a vehicle, different evaporation rates, vapor pressures, temperature, etc. among the different reservoirs can lead to unknown fuel vapor concentrations, flow rates, etc.
In order to compensate for at least some variation of components, a method for controlling engine operation of an engine having a cylinder receiving fuel from a first and a second fuel injector, the first injector having a first relationship between a first input signal and a first amount of injected fuel, and the second injector having a second relationship between a second input signal and a second amount of injected fuel; the method comprising:
varying injection from the first injector into the cylinder;
varying injection from the second injector into the cylinder;
purging fuel vapors from a fuel system into the cylinder; and adaptively learning said first and second relationships based on sensed operating conditions.
In this way, it is possible to utilize difference in injector operation among operating conditions to assign learned information to an appropriate injector.
In another example, a system for an engine of a vehicle traveling on the road,
a first fuel injector coupled to a cylinder of the engine;
a second fuel injector coupled to said cylinder of the engine;
a fuel vapor purge valve configured to delivery vapors to said cylinder of the engine; and
a controller for varying an amount of injection from one of said first and second fuel injectors as a concentration or blend of said vapors varies.
In this way, it is possible to maintain a desired relative amount between the first and second fuel injectors even during variation in concentration or blend of inducted fuel vapors. Therefore, it is possible to maintain a desired boost level, desired torque, desired air-fuel ratio, or others amidst variation in purging conditions by taking advantage of multiple fuel injectors for the cylinder.
In still another example, a system for an engine of a vehicle traveling on the road,
a first fuel injector coupled to a cylinder of the engine;
a second fuel injector coupled to said cylinder of the engine;
a first fuel vapor purge valve configured to adjust delivery vapors from a first reservoir to said cylinder of the engine;
a second fuel vapor purge valve configured to adjust delivery vapors from a second reservoir to said cylinder of the engine, where said second reservoir holds a fuel differing from a fuel in said first reservoir;
a controller for varying an amount of injection from one of said first and second fuel injectors as a concentration or blend of vapors delivered to the engine varies, where at least under some conditions, said first valve enables delivery of vapors from said first reservoir while said second valve restricts delivery of vapors from said second reservoir.
In this way, different reservoirs may be purged differently to account for different conditions among the reservoirs.

System and method for engine with fuel vapor purging


The invention concerns a method for controlling a raising drive, the raising process occurring by means of pressure activation of at least one lift cylinder and the lowering process occurring by means of relieving, and a control of the lowering speed occurring by means of a variable flow resistance. In order to achieve a load-independent lowering speed, the flow resistance is determined in dependence of at least one load signal.

Raising drives are often used with driven machines and serve the purpose of fixing equipment. In connection with agricultural vehicles, for example tractors, the raising drives are also called tool bars. In agricultural equipment, for example, a plough, can be fixed and can be moved upwards and downwards by means of the raising drive. Also the vertical position of a piece of equipment is determined by the raising drive.
Usually, raising drives have at least one single-actuated hydraulic cylinder, which is connected to a control arrangement, the control depending on various measuring signals and instructions given by operators.
For example, a piece of equipment fixed on the raising drive is raised by means of a pressure activation of the hydraulic cylinder. The lowering then takes place by means of pressure relief of the hydraulic cylinder due to the effect of the gravity, the lowering speed depending on, for example, the mass of the equipment and frictional forces, if any. In order to limit the lowering speed, fixed or adjustable valves or throttles are inserted in a working pipe of the hydraulic cylinder, fluid flowing through said valves or throttles during the lowering.
Usually, it is desirable to maintain the position of the equipment. For example, with a soil treatment tool, a penetration depth of the tool specified by the driver is considered by the control. However, observing the prespecified penetration depth of the tool should not cause the tractor to bog down.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,518,044, for example, discloses a control, which, apart from the penetration depth of the tool specified by the driver, also considers the slip of the driving wheels, the speed of the motor, and the drag of the tool during the control. In this connection, the raising and lowering speeds are controlled in that with corresponding speed various desired positions are specified. The actual raising and lowering speeds are not measured in this connection.
This may particularly cause the lowering speed to deviate from the desired speed. With a light-weight tool, frictional forces may prevent the tool from following the prespecified desired positions during lowering, for example, the tool moves slower than anticipated. With a heavy-weight tool it may occur that the actual position is ahead of the desired position, meaning that the tool moves faster than intended.
With soil treatment tools there is an additional problem, namely that the effect of the gravity is substantially eliminated, when the tool gets in contact with the surface of the ground. Particularly with heavy-weight tools, the user will normally have partially closed the throttle or the valve in the working pipe, in order to limit the lowering speed. With a slow lowering speed and/or with light-weight tools it may, however, happen that the gravity is no longer sufficient to lower the tool into the ground against the frictional forces of the system and the forces of the soil acting against the gravity.
It is known for the user to solve this problem by increasing the lowering speed, that is, to further open the throttle or the valve in the working pipe, as soon as the tool hits the ground. This causes a further relief of the hydraulic cylinder, which again reduces the forces acting against the penetration of the tool into the ground.
It is also known to provide the control with a so-called fast penetration function, which makes it possible for the driver to activate a switch at the contact of the tool with the ground, after which the control, for example, opens a valve aperture to its maximum to completely relieve the hydraulic cylinder. Such solutions are, however, less comfortable, and may under certain circumstances distract the driver.
In order to achieve the same lowering speeds in connection with tools having different masses or weights, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,684,691 discloses the measuring of a parameter, which is proportional to the weight of the tool. In this connection, the weight of the tool is measured by weighing with still-standing vehicle and raised tool. Depending on the measured weight, the tools are then divided into categories. The specifications of desired raising and lowering speeds are then made in accordance with the individual categories. This solution has the disadvantages that the lowering speed is substantially reduced at the contact of the tool with the ground and that each change of tool requires a weighing process.
It is also known, for example from U.S. Pat. No. 4,571,500 and EP 0 414 279 A2, to determine the lowering speed and adapt the control correspondingly. Thus, the lowering speed can be controlled independently of the weight of the tool. The actual lowering speed is determined by differentiation of position signals. In connection with faulty position signals, malfunction may easily occur, the differentiation increasing the influence of such malfunctions. As the control of the lowering speed takes place in parallel to the control of the position of the tool, instabilities, such as, for example, oscillations may occur.

Raising drive and method for controlling a raising drive


A wiring substrate includes an insulating layer having a front surface and a back surface and at least two wiring parts that are disposed at least on the front surface of the insulating layer and that are insulated from each other. At least one of the wiring parts is electrically isolated on the insulating layer. Each of the wiring parts includes a conductive base layer disposed on the front surface of the insulating layer, a conductive layer disposed on a front surface of the conductive base layer, and a conductive covering layer arranged to cover at least a portion of a front surface of the conductive layer, at least a portion of a side surface of the conductive base layer, and at least a portion of a side surface of the conductive layer. The conductive base layer and the conductive layer overlap and coincide with each other in plan view.

A wiring substrate including an insulating layer and a wiring part disposed on a front surface of the insulating layer may be configured such that the wiring part has a multilayer structure including conductive layers formed by performing a plating process on a conductive base layer a plurality of times.
Depending on the circuit structure of the wiring substrate, the wiring substrate may include a wiring part that is insulated from other wiring parts and electrically isolated on the insulating layer, in other words, that is not electrically continuous to the outside. According to a known method for forming such an isolated wiring part by electroplating, an auxiliary line is provided to electrically connect the wiring part to another wiring part that is electrically accessible. The auxiliary line is removed to isolate the wiring part after electroplating (see PTL 1).
According to this method, a mask layer is placed on a non-plating region including the auxiliary line during electroplating, that is, when a conductive covering layer of the wiring part is formed, and is removed after electroplating. After that, the auxiliary line is removed by etching.

Wiring substrate and method for producing wiring substrate


A method for connecting circuit elements within an integrated circuit for reducing single-event upsets is disclosed. The integrated circuit includes a first and second circuit elements that are substantially identical to each other. In order to reduce the single-event upsets to the first and second circuit elements, each of the first and second circuit elements is divided into a first sub-element and a second sub-element. The first sub-element of the first circuit element is connected to the second sub-element of the second circuit element. The second sub-element of the first circuit element is connected to the first sub-element of the second circuit element. As a result, the nodal spacings between the sub-elements within the first and second circuit elements are effectively increased without demanding additional real estate.

1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to integrated circuits in general, and in particular to an integrated circuit having multiple repeatable circuit elements. Still more particularly, the present invention relates to a method for connecting repeatable circuit elements within an integrated circuit for reducing single-event upsets.
2. Description of Related Art
In certain environments, such as satellite orbital space, in which the level of radiation is relatively intense, integrated circuits are more susceptible to single-event upsets (SEUs) or soft errors than they would have otherwise in terrestrial environments. SEUs are typically caused by electron-hole pairs generated by a single energetic particle as the single energetic particle passes through various circuit elements within an integrated circuit. If the energetic particle generates a critical amount of charges in a node of a circuit element within the integrated circuit, the logic state of the node will be upset.
As technology scales to smaller geometries, the sizes of circuit elements within integrated circuit also become smaller. As a result, the spacing between nodes within a circuit element is reduced to a level that allows charges deposited from a single-event hit to be collected simultaneously by two nodes within an circuit element. Such phenomenon creates a special sensitivity that drastically reduces the effectiveness of SEU hardened circuits. The problem of simultaneously collection of charges by two nodes cannot be resolved simply by increasing of the nodal spacing because it will defect the advantages of technology scaling in achieving higher density integrated circuits.
Consequently, it would be desirable to provide an improved method for connecting circuit elements within an integrated circuits for reducing SEUs.

Method for connecting circuit elements within an integrated circuit for reducing single-event upsets

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