A cross contains a sacred utensil or a wishing note and includes a transverse frame parallel with the ground, a first longitudinal frame perpendicular to the center part of the transverse frame, a first containing portion formed at the inner center of the first longitudinal frame from the lower surface of the first longitudinal frame toward the transverse and a first coupling member containing portion formed from the lower surface of the first longitudinal frame toward the outside of the first containing portion. A first frame magnet is contained in the first coupling member containing portion. A second longitudinal frame makes surface contact with the lower surface of the first longitudinal frame to be coupled thereto. A contained object support rack at the center part of the upper surface of the second longitudinal frame is positioned to correspond to the first containing portion of the first longitudinal frame.

In general, in churches and cathedrals, cross sculptures are installed. In cathedrals, three-dimensionally sculpted Jesus statues are mounted on the cross.
Individual believers wear or carry crosses in the form of accessories such as necklaces, or display the same on tables at home.
As well known in the art, the cross is a religious mark that symbolizes Christianity, and is placed in churches, cathedrals, or Christian homes and is used as an object for worship.
In other words, the cross, which is placed in churches, Christian homes, and the like such that it can be recognized more easily, requires higher religious aesthetics for expression of religious messages, holiness, and faith.
As a conventional technology related to the cross, Korean Utility Model Application Publication No. 20-2011-0000281 discloses a wall mounting type holy rood. The conventional technology document discloses a wall mounting type holy rood including a cross body having a storage groove formed on one surface to store sacred objects, and a cross cover detachably coupled to the cross body with the storage groove, wherein the cross body includes a first insertion groove formed to put the cross cover in a standing position, and a second insertion groove allowing a candle to be put therein.
As another conventional technology, Korean Utility Model No. 20-0459957 discloses a cross sculpture. This document discloses a cross sculpture including 12 lower vertical tubes vertically mounted on a bottom base, 12 upper vertical tubes to be mounted vertically at the top of the lower vertical tubes, 12 horizontal tubes horizontally arranged between the upper and lower vertical tubes, and a connecting member arranged to connect the horizontal tubes to the vertical tubes, wherein the connecting member includes a pair of horizontal connecting plates with through-holes allowing each of the horizontal tubes to pass therethrough, and a pair of vertical connecting plates to be coupled with ends of each of the upper and lower vertical tubes.
As another conventional technology, Korean Utility Model No. 20-0228058 discloses a holy rood with a lighting effect. This document discloses a holy rood with a lighting effect, including a through hole formed on the front and rear sides of the rood, a diffusion lens fitted into the through hole, an optical fiber connected to the diffusion lens, a lamp configured to supply light to the optical fiber, a color transmitting part configured to supply various colors to the optical fiber, and a multi-refractive diffusion plate configured to disperse light emitted through the diffusion lens, wherein the diffusion lens, the optical fiber, the color transmitting part, and the multi-refractive diffusion plate are arranged on a side of a standing signboard.
As another conventional technology, Korean Patent Application Publication No. 10-2007-0114246 discloses a holy rood structure. The prior art document discloses that the holy rood structure is configured by placing, in a seating portion in a cross frame, a lighting plate in which LED lamps are arranged in an electrical combination according to a certain shape of picture or character arrangement, and that the lighting is implemented in a cross shape by the LED lamps that emit light of various colors to provide a mysterious mood, and it is easy to repair the rood structure in case of failure by replacing only the broken lighting plate.
The above-mentioned conventional technologies relate to a general cross. In Catholicism, particularly, in a cathedral, a Jesus statue is three-dimensionally carved on a cross, and believers can directly gaze at the Jesus statue from the front. However, when believers look at the cross from a different position, the believers may have to face the side or the back of the Jesus statue.
In addition, the above-described conventional technologies fail to provide a solution to an issue raised when individual believers possess or wear a holy rood. In particular, they fail to solve the need for believers to retain sacred objects with a faith related note to express faith.

Cross for containing sacred utensil or wishing note


An approach to cryptographic security uses a “fuzzy” credential, in contrast to a “hard” credential, to eliminate cryptographic algorithmic repeatability on a device that may be subject to physical attacks. By eliminating repeatability performed at an algorithmic (e.g., gate or software) level, a device inherently lacks one of the fundamental setup assumptions associated with certain classes of side channel, fault injection, timing, and related attacks, thus helps to protect the system against such attacks while preserving the cryptographic security of the system.

This invention relates to enhancing the cryptographic security of communications between a device and a server using "fuzzy" credentials derived from physical unclonable functions (PUFs) or other noisy pseudo-random sources associated with a device.
Communications between a "device" and "server", in the broad sense, is a commonly used construct. This can include communications between a computing client and a cloud server, between a smart card and an application processor, between a device module and a server module both integrated inside a system-on-a-chip, between a computing peripheral and a computing box, between two secure elements where one serves as the device and the other the server, or between two entities with a similar slave and master relationship, to name a few.
To achieve cryptographic security in such a communication using conventional methods, it is generally necessary to use a cryptographic algorithm and a "hard" credential. By hard credential, we refer to a piece of information that is repeatedly bit-exact.
For example, a user name and password is used to log into a banking website. In this case, the user's computing entity is the "device", and the banking website is the "server". The device logs into the server uses a "hard" credential consisting of username and password. The device has the server's public key. The server has to keep its private key secret.
We note that if the user login is to be automated in a secure fashion, the computing entity needs to store the username and password using another "hard" credential (for example, a cryptographic key) to encrypt that information.
The username and password can also be replaced with a biometric reading and a syndrome to error correct the biometric reading into a previously provisioned value. The error corrected biometric reading is also a "hard" credential in that it is repeatedly bit-exact.
In another example, a smart card in a set-top box ("device") can communicate with a content distributor ("server") if each possess the other's public key, and each keeps its private key secret. The private key is a "hard" credential in that it is repeatedly bit-exact.
There are several consequences associated with the use of "hard" credentials in the context of cryptographic algorithms. For example, when a cryptographic key is used with the AES algorithm, the setup is subject to side channel attacks (P. Kocher, J. Jaffe, B. Jun, "Differential Power Analysis," Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 1666, pp. 388-397, 1999) where an adversary with access to plaintext/ciphertext pairs and power traces associated with these pairs can use statistical correlation analysis to reduce (e.g., linearlize) the exponential key search space by a divide and conquer approach. Due to the cryptographic nature of the algorithm (e.g., its confusion, diffusion characteristics), if a DPA hypothesis for a key-related value is correct, there will be a sharp correlation spike; if not the correlation will be relatively flat. This behavior again (the sharp correlation spike) is due to the fact that the algorithm is cryptographic (has confusion, diffusion characteristics) and the key is repeatedly bit exact (i.e., a "hard" credential). This class of attacks also apply to asymmetric algorithms (extract a device root key in the form of a private key of a key pair) or key derivation functions (to extract a device root key in the form of a symmetric key used to derive session keys, or used to form a challenge/response mechanism associated with the device).
One typical task in which conventional cryptographic techniques are used is mutual authentication and secure communication between two parties, for instance, between a server and a remote device. By being mutually authenticated, each party can rely on the identity of the other party in the communication, and can assure itself that it is not communicating with an imposter. By secure communication, each party can rely on the communication between the two parties not being accessible by other parties, that can, for instance, overhear the communication.
One conventional way to implement this task is for the device to have encoded in it a "device root key," for example, a private key of a public-private key pair. In some examples, the server has a copy of the corresponding public key, that it trusts as truly corresponds to the device root key. In this way, the device can perform cryptographic functions, such as cryptographic signature or decryption, using the device root key (more generally, separate device root keys can be used for different functions, one for signing, and another for decryption), and the server can examine the product of such functions to determine whether the correct device root key was used. In this way, the server can authenticate the device as a party that holds the device root key. However, it should be evident that if the device root key is disclosed to other parties, those other parties can become imposters for the true device. Similarly, the server can securely pass information to the device in a way that only a holder of the device root key can access. In the reverse direction, if the device trusts a copy of the server's public key, the device can authenticate the server and can pass information to the server in a secure manner. In some examples, the information that is exchanged is a session key or a quantity used to generate a session key, and the session key is used to exchange further information.

Cryptographic security using fuzzy credentials for device and server communications


A radio resource selecting method according to the present invention semi-persistently selects a radio resource to be allocated to an uplink acknowledgement signal indicating a reception state of a persistently allocated downlink signal from a plurality of radio resources defined by frequencies and codes, and includes the steps of: (A) selecting candidates for an allocation radio resource to be allocated to the uplink acknowledgement signal from the plurality of radio resources; (B) notifying candidate information on the selected candidates for the allocation radio resource; and (C) selecting a single allocation radio resource from the plurality of candidates for the allocation radio resource indicated in the candidate information notified in the step (B).

A communication method as a successor of the W-CDMA scheme and the HSDPA scheme, namely, the LTE (Long Term Evolution) scheme has been considered by the W-CDMA standardization organization 3GPP, and the specification setting work is underway.
As a radio access scheme of the LTE scheme, use of the OFDMA in the downlink and the SC-FDMA (Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access) in the uplink is under consideration.
The OFDMA is a scheme for dividing a frequency band into plural narrow frequency bands (sub-carriers) and transmitting data loaded on the respective divided frequency bands. In this scheme, high-speed transmission is achieved and frequency utilization efficiency is improved by arranging sub-carriers densely on the frequency bands in such a manner that the sub-carriers partially overlap but do not interfere with each other.
The SC-FDMA is a transmission scheme which reduces interference between terminals by dividing a frequency band and transmitting data by using frequency bands different among plural terminals. The SC-FDMA has a feature of less fluctuation in the transmission power, which achieves low power consumption and wide coverage of terminals.
The LTE scheme is a system in which plural mobile stations perform communication by sharing one or more physical channels in both uplink and downlink.
A channel shared by plural mobile stations is generally called a shared channel, which is, in the LTE scheme, a "Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)" in the uplink and a "Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)" in the downlink.
Also, such a shared channel is, as a transport channel, an "Uplink Shared Channel (UL-SCH)" in the uplink and a "Downlink Shared Channel (DL-SCH)" in the downlink.
In such a communication system using shared channels as described above, it is necessary to select mobile station UE to which the shared channel is to be allocated, and to transmit, to the selected mobile station UE, a signal indicating the allocation of the shared channel, for each sub-frame (1 ms, in the LTE scheme).
In the LTE scheme, a control channel used for the signaling is called the "Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)" or "Downlink L1/L2 Control Channel (DL L1/L2 Control Channel)".
Meanwhile, the processing for each sub-frame of selecting mobile station UE to which the shared channel is to be allocated is generally called the "scheduling". In this case, the processing may also be called the "dynamic scheduling", because the mobile station UE to which the shared channel is allocated is dynamically selected for each sub-frame. Furthermore, "allocating the shared channel" described above may be alternatively expressed as "allocating a radio resource for the shared channel".
Information of the physical downlink control channel includes, for example, the "downlink scheduling information", "the uplink scheduling grant", and the like.
The downlink scheduling information includes, for example, downlink resource block allocation information, ID of UE, the number of streams, information on the precoding vector, data size, modulation scheme, information on the HARQ (hybrid automatic repeat request), and the like, on the downlink shared channel.
Meanwhile, the "uplink scheduling grant" includes, for example, uplink resource block allocation information, ID of UE, data size, modulation scheme, uplink transmission power information, information on demodulation reference signal in the uplink MIMO, and the like, on the uplink shared channel.
Note that, the "downlink scheduling information" and the "uplink scheduling grant" described above may be collectively referred to as "downlink control information (DCI)".
In the LTE scheme, the HARQ is applied to a communication using the shared channel described above. For example, on the downlink, the mobile station UE decodes the downlink shared channel, and transmits, to the radio base station eNB, acknowledgement information (ACK/NACK) based on the decoding result (CRC check result) by using the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH).
Then, the radio base station eNB performs retransmission control according to a content of the acknowledgement information, which is expressed either with a positive response (ACK) indicating that the transmitted signal is received properly or a negative response (NACK) indicating that the transmitted signal is not received properly.
FIG. 8 shows the downlink dynamic scheduling and the HARQ processing in a mobile communication system of the LTE scheme described above.
In the sub-frame #3, the radio base station eNB transmits, to the mobile station UE, downlink scheduling information via a PDCCH and downlink data via a PDSCH.
Then, the mobile station UE receives downlink data via the PDSCH, on the basis of the downlink scheduling information received via the PDCCH.
In the sub-frame #7, the mobile station UE transmits the acknowledgement information for the downlink data using a PUCCH, and the radio base station eNB receives the acknowledgement information (ACK/NACK) mapped to the PUCCH.
The radio resource of the PDSCH described above is dynamically allocated as being notified by the PDCCH. Also, the radio resource of the PUCCH described above is associated with the radio resource number of the PDCCH described above. Dynamic allocation of such radio resource of the PDCCH also results in dynamic allocation of such radio resource of the PUCCH.
That is, in the normal downlink scheduling (dynamic scheduling) of a mobile communication system of the LTE scheme, the radio base station eNB is configured to dynamically allocate a downlink radio resource and an uplink radio resource to the mobile station UE through the PDCCH, the downlink radio resource being for transmitting downlink data to the mobile station UE, the uplink radio resource being for transmitting acknowledgement information for the downlink data.
Furthermore, in the dynamic scheduling described above, a time difference between a sub-frame from which a PUCCH signal is transmitted and a sub-frame from which a PDCCH signal and a PDSCH signal are transmitted is fixed.
On the other hand, in the "persistent scheduling" that is under consideration to achieve the VoIP and the like, the radio base station eNB is configured to start a persistent allocation of the downlink radio resource (PDSCH) to a mobile station in the first cycles, at a sub-frame (first allocation starting time) in which the downlink scheduling information is transmitted to the mobile station UE through the PDCCH, and to persistently allocate the uplink radio resource (PUCCH) to the mobile station UE through the upper layer (Radio Resource Control: RRC) signaling.
In the "persistent scheduling", the downlink scheduling information is transmitted via the PDCCH in a first transmission only, and the downlink scheduling information is not transmitted via the PDCCH in the subsequent transmissions. For this reason, the method for associating a radio resource of the PUCCH with a radio resource number of the PDCCH cannot be applied unlike the "dynamic scheduling" described above.
Accordingly, the uplink radio resource (PUCCH) in the "persistent scheduling" is persistently allocated to the mobile station UE by using the upper layer (RRC) signaling.
Here, the uplink radio resource represents, for example, a code resource in the code multiplexing or a frequency resource in the frequency multiplexing.
The frequency resource may be designated by a resource block number of a resource block (set of sub-carriers) from which the PUCCH is transmitted.
Furthermore, when a plurality of acknowledgement information are multiplexed within one resource block, the uplink radio resource may be designated by a predetermined identification number. For example, an identification number may be used to designate an amount of cyclic shift in the multiplexing of CAZAC sequence cyclic shift or an orthogonal cover code in the block spreading.
Furthermore, generally in the HARQ, a time difference between a time point where the above-described downlink radio resource (PDSCH) is allocated and a time point where the above-described uplink radio resource (PUCCH) is allocated is fixed. Accordingly, a transmission timing of the PUCCH is uniquely determined by designating a first allocation starting time through the PDCCH.
In the example shown in FIG. 9, the downlink radio resource (PDSCH) described above are persistently allocated in cycles of 20 ms, and the uplink radio resource (PUCCH) described above is persistently allocated for each downlink radio resource (PDSCH).
Specifically, the downlink radio resource (PDSCH) is persistently allocated in the sub-frames #3, #23, . . . , while the acknowledgement information is transmitted in the sub-frames #7, #27, . . . .
Note that, in the sub-frame #3 of the example shown in FIG. 9, a first allocation starting time is designated by the PDCCH.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Mobile communication method, mobile station, and radio base station


The present invention is directed to absorbable polyesters comprising one or more monophosphate functionality; a conjugate comprising the foregoing polyester and a peptide and/or a bioactive agent; microparticles comprising an absorbable polyester; a conjugate comprising the microparticles and a peptide and/or a bioactive agent; an acylated or alkylated polysaccharide having one or more monophosphate functionality; a conjugate comprising the acylated or alkylated polysaccharide and a peptide and/or a bioactive agent; and pharmaceutical compositions thereof.

The present invention is directed to absorbable polyesters comprising one or more monophosphate functionality; a conjugate comprising the foregoing polyester and a peptide and/or a bioactive agent; microparticles comprising an absorbable polyester; a conjugate comprising the microparticles and a peptide and/or a bioactive agent; an acylated or alkylated polysaccharide having one or more monophosphate functionality; a conjugate comprising the acylated or alkylated polysaccharide and a peptide and/or a bioactive agent; and pharmaceutical compositions thereof.
Phosphorous-containing heterochain polymers have been cited in the patent and technical literature in conjunction with (1) flame-retardant and/or hydrophilic polyamides (Shalaby, S. W., et al., J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Chem. Ed., 12, 2917 (1974); Shalaby, S. W., et al., J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Chem. Ed., 13, 669 (1975); Shalaby, S. W., et al., J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Chem. Ed., 14, 2675 (1976); Shalaby, S. W. and McCaig, S., U.S. Pat. No. 5,491,198; Shalaby, S. W. and Rogers, K. R., U.S. Pat. No. 5,558,517); (2) flame-retardant polyesters (Heffner, R. E., U.S. Pat. No. 4,420,587; Koch, P. J., et al., J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 19, 227 (1975); Japanese Pat. 51-40432); (3) flame-retardant polyurethanes and epoxy resins (German Patent DE 1,292,862, U.S. Pat. No. 3,321,555); (4) thermally stable polyesters with chain end-groups reacted with phosphonyl thiocyanate (U.S. Pat. No. 3,838,045); (5) phosphorylated cellulose as a cation-exchanger (DD 286600); and (6) phosphorylated polyesters as semiconducting materials (SU, 672878). However, there is no disclosure in the art of incorporation of phosphate groups at available hydroxy end-group sites of absorbable polyesters, which sites are typically present at one or two terminals of the chain. This is not surprising since conditions of chemical reactions known for hydroxy group phosphorylation could cause hydrolysis of the highly reactive absorbable polyester chains. Meanwhile, there has been great interest in developing carboxyl-bearing absorbable polyesters for use in forming conjugates with bioactive polypeptides as controlled release systems therefor (Shalaby, S. W., et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,672,659).
Therefore, there is an incentive to make directly phosphorylated absorbable polyesters without significantly causing chain degradation to obtain novel controlled release systems.

Phosphorylated polymers and conjugates thereof


The present invention relates to a dual band transceiver architecture for wireless communication. A high frequency integrated circuit is used for converting down the received multi-mode frequency signal, and then a decoding circuit for base frequency will perform the processes of up-sampling and emitting a signal so as to transmit/receive the dual band signal by using a single frequency synthesizer.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a dual band transceiver architecture for wireless communication. A signal reception portion and a signal emission portion are used for processing the multi-mode dual band transmitting/receiving signal so as to accomplish the receiving and emitting of the signal.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In the recent decades, due to the ban lifting by military and the development of technology, the wireless communication gradually replaces the traditional wired telephone communication and the unidirectional wireless transmitting/receiving. Furthermore, the function for transmitting massages merely by voice cannot meet the user's requirements. In order to promote the transmission quality and the functional service of the wireless communication, different communication protocols are established and applied. For example, in the third generation of mobile communication protocol, the bandwidth cannot be effectively applied and arranged, and therefore, the 2.4 GHz (gigahertz) communication band is selected. Practically, in the international protocol, the industrial, scientific and medical band (ISM Band) not only comprises 2.4 GHz band, but also has 5 GHz band. Therefore, some communication businesses have applied their products in this common-used band due to the free charge, openness and applicability of the common-used communication band.
Because of the applicability of the ISM band, many communication protocols are provided with the ISM band. The ISM band has been used in the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands, such as 802.11a and 802.11b communication protocols for wireless local access network (WLAN) and the band for the Bluetooth technology are applied. Conventionally, the design of the product applying this communication protocol is to use two sets of transmitting/receiving devices and multiple frequency synthesizers to separately receive signals form different bands. If single one synthesizer is used for performing the modulation for the signal, only one band signal is processed by this design.
Please refer to FIG. 1. FIG. 1 is a perspective diagram of a prior art frequency synthesizing circuit. The prior art circuit comprises an antenna 700 connected to a band-pass filter 701, and the band-pass filter 701 is connected to a switch 702. When the antenna 700 receives the signal, the switch 702 will be so switched that the band-pass filter 701 will be connected to the first balance/imbalance device 703. Then, a low noise amplifier 705 will output the signal to a wave-mixing device 706, and the wave-mixing device 706 will receive a signal outputted by the low noise amplifier 705, and will receive an oscillation signal outputted by a local oscillator 707. The obtained down-converted signal will be outputted to a 1.06 G orthogonal wave-mixing device 710 separately connected to a seventh orthogonal wave-mixing device 708 and an eighth orthogonal wave-mixing device 709. Because the seventh orthogonal wave-mixing device 708 and the eighth orthogonal wave-mixing device 709 will receive signal outputted by the wave-mixing device 706 and further receive a 1.06 G orthogonal signal separately. Therefore, the signal is wave-mixed with the orthogonal signal so as to output an orthogonal down-converted signal and accomplish the down-conversion modulation for the signal.
In the signal emission portion, the orthogonal emitting the base frequency signal is separately inputted into the ninth orthogonal wave-mixing device 721 and the tenth orthogonal wave-mixing device 722 in the 5.3 G orthogonal wave-mixing device 720. Because the ninth orthogonal wave-mixing device 721 and the tenth orthogonal wave-mixing device 722 will separately receive a 5.3 GHz orthogonal up-sampling inputted from outside. Then, the signals are separately outputted to a subtractor 723 so as to connected to a power amplifier 724 via the subtractor 723. After the power amplifying for the signal is performed, the signal is then transmitted to another balance/imbalance device 704 for impedance matching. And the switch 702 will emit the signal by using the band-pass filter 701 and the antenna 700.
As described above, the prior art applies a single frequency synthesizer and the advantage of the circuit design so as to achieve the object of high integrality and simplifying the difficulty of design. However, the prior art technology merely solves the problems for the 5 GHz band, and cannot integrally modulate the multi-mode and multi-band signals.

Dual band transceiver architecture for wireless communication

Industrial Technology Research Institute


The object of the present invention is to supply air to passengers in an automobile so that they will feel more comfortable in the presence of solar radiation by suppressing a rise in temperature in a vehicle passenger compartment caused by solar radiation. There is provided a cold air damper which feeds cold air immediately after an evaporator to a face blow port and mixes it with the conditioned air that has passed through an air mixing damper, with the amount of blown air is changed by a blower fan. A control means detects the amount of solar radiation present by using a solar radiation sensor. This invention calculates the temperature of air blown out in the absence of solar radiation, calculates the temperature of air blown out in the presence of solar radiation, calculates a corrected blowing rate according to a thermal equilibrium equation in the presence of solar radiation, and calculates a blowing rate in the presence of solar radiation.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an air conditioning device for use in vehicles, and particularly to an air conditioning device which changes the temperature of the blown air and the blowing rate in an optimal manner depending upon the presence or absence of solar radiation in order to maintain a comfortable atmosphere in the passenger compartment of a vehicle.
2. Description of the Related Art
In a conventional air conditioning device for vehicles, the temperature of the blown air and the like are determined depending on a preset temperature and the temperatures inside and outside the vehicle, irrespective of the presence or absence of solar radiation. Therefore, the temperature in the vehicle passenger compartment is subject to undergo a great change depending upon the presence or absence of solar radiation particularly in spring and fall when the solar radiation is strong though the atmospheric temperature is relatively low.
Therefore, it becomes necessary to detect the amount of solar radiation to properly maintain the temperature in the vehicle passenger compartment. However, if the temperature of the blown air is abruptly lowered because the heat is received in large amounts from the solar radiation, the passengers who are directly exposed to the blown air will feel excessively chilled and will find it uncomfortable.
A variety of proposals have heretofore been offered in an attempt to solve the aforementioned problems inherent in the conventional air conditioning devices for vehicles as disclosed in, for example, Japanese Examined Utility Model Publication No. 59-34497 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,890,460. According to these prior arts, the temperature of the air blown into the vehicle passenger compartment is controlled by the use of a solar radiation sensor. Namely, the temperature of the blown air only is controlled, but a comfortable environment is not created in the vehicle passenger compartment by controlling both the temperature of the blown air and the blowing rate simultaneously.


A golf swing evaluation system includes a golf club containing a sensor and an associated display for indicating the force and location of the impact of the club head against a golf ball. The sensor generates a sensor signal to a force circuit which generates an indication signal having characteristics of the impact. The indication signal is sent to a graphic display and/or a computer for evaluation. The sensor can also be an accelerometer for generating the acceleration characteristics of the club head throughout the swing. Several sensors can be utilized to provide information as to the location of the impact. The display can be located in the club grip or worn by the golfer.

This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Pat. Application Ser. No. 07/151,068, filed Feb. 1, 1988, now abandoned.
The present invention relates to a golf swing evaluation system, and more particularly to a golf club having a sensor in the club head and associated display for indicating the forces applied to a golf ball.
There are various sports which require an athlete to utilize a club or some similar implement for swinging at a ball. One example is the sport of golf wherein the golfer athlete utilizes a golf club to drive a stationary golf ball positioned on either a golf tee or on the ground in front of him. In the past, various types of equipment have been proposed and produced to enable a golfer to improve his power and swing. Complicated guide rails of various kinds were used, especially with beginners or newcomers to the game. Motion pictures of the swing were analyzed, to reveal faulty stances and accurate travels of the club. Instructors would study a golfer's swing to ascertain faults or opportunities for possible improvement and speed checks were made, to show club speed at various points in the path of movement. These practices were all employed to recognize certain faults in the way a golfer swings his club.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,138,118 discloses a handle for a golf club which is provided with pressure sensitive transducers at locations corresponding to the positions at which a player exerts pressure with the thumb of one hand and with the last three fingers of the other hand. The electrical outputs of the transducers are transmitted to a pen recorder which provides traces from which faults in the player's technique can be determined. The traces of the player with the faulty technique are then compared with corresponding traces produced by an expert golfer in order to determine the area of fault.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,453,716 discloses a transverse force indicating device for assisting in the teaching of a smooth swing for a golf club or other rod-like object. The device includes a joint apparatus interconnecting bifurcated guide rods on a swing teaching apparatus or a bifurcated club, club extension, or attachment member. The joint apparatus may be a balsa wood dowel interconnecting the bifurcated first and second rod members or may be a ball and socket arrangement which has a spring or other suitable locking device to maintain a coaxial orientation of the first and second rod members unless the transverse shear force exerted by or against the first rod member during a swing of the club by a user is greater than a predefined amount.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,270,564, U.S. Pat. No. 3,945,646 and U.K. Pat. No. 2,066,676 each show a golf club with an accelerometer embedded in the club head. In each case, the accelerometer generates a signal proportional to the club head acceleration/deceleration and velocity.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a means of measuring the impact force on a golf ball when struck with a golf club.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a golfer with a method to select a golf club with the proper combination of swing weight and shaft stiffness to suit his strength and stature.


A 2,2-difluoro-2-desoxycarbohydrate is used to prepare antiviral nucleosides.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention belongs to the field of pharmaceutical chemistry, and provides a new difluoro carbohydrate and new antiviral nucleosides prepared by coupling the new carbohydrate with appropriate bases.
2. State of the Art
It has been known for some time that antiviral drugs can be found among the general family of nucleosides. For example, 5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine is known to be a potent agent against herpes virus. DeClercq et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76, 2947-51 (1979). Watanabe et al. have described a number of nucleosides formed by coupling 2-fluoro-2-deoxyarabinofuranose with bases of the cytosine and thymine groups; 5-iodocytosine was their most preferred base. J. Med. Chem. 22, 21-24 (1979), and U.S. Pat. No. 4,211,773.
A compound which can be described as an acyclic nucleoside, 9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine, is a potent antiviral agent, especially useful against herpes viruses, and is the subject of a symposium in a special issue of American Journal of Medicine, July 1982.
Fluorinated carbohydrates have been studied before. A survey of the subject by Penglis is in Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biochemistry 38, 195-285 (1981). A 2,2-difluorohexose was described by Adamson et al., Carbohydrate Research 18, 345-47 (1971). Wright and Taylor, Carbohydrate Research 6, 347-54 (1968), taught the synthesis of 9-(3-deoxy-3-fluoro-.alpha.-D-arabinofuranosyl)adenine.
Recently the total synthesis of carbohydrates has become the subject of research, and a few papers have appeared. The synthesis requires stereospecific methods, and asymmetric epoxidation and asymmetric aldol reactions have been successfully used. Masamune, Sharpless et al., J. Org. Chem. 47, 1373-81 (1982).

Difluoro antivirals and intermediate therefor


Apparatus and methods for proving a flowmeter. In one embodiment, a flowmeter prover includes a flow tube, a displacer, and a signal analyzer. The displacer is moveable in a flow passage of the flow tube. A magnetic target is disposed on the displacer. One or more inductive transducers are disposed on the flow tube and configured to detect the magnetic target as the displacer moves in the flow tube. The signal analyzer is configured to detect a maximum slope of rising and falling edges of a signal generated by the transducer responsive to the magnetic target traversing the transducer. The signal analyzer is further configured to determine displacer velocity based on the detected maximum slope.

After hydrocarbons have been removed from the ground, the fluid stream (such as crude oil or natural gas) is transported from place to place via pipelines. It is desirable to know with accuracy the amount of fluid flowing in the stream, and particular accuracy is demanded when the fluid is changing hands, or "custody transfer." Custody transfer can occur at a fluid fiscal transfer measurement station or skid, which may include key transfer components such as a measurement device or flowmeter, a proving device, associated pipes and valves, and electrical controls. Measurement of the fluid stream flowing through the overall delivery pipeline system starts with the flowmeter, which may include, for example, a turbine meter, a positive displacement meter, an ultrasonic meter, a coriolis meter, or a vortex meter.
Flow characteristics of the fluid stream can change during product delivery, thereby affecting accurate measurement of the product being delivered. Typically, changes of pressure, temperature and flow rate are acknowledged by operator intervention. These changes are represented as changes in the flow characteristics, and are normally verified by the operator via the effects of the changes and their effect on the measurement device. Flow meter performance can be affected by characteristics of the fluid and/or by the arrangement of piping components. Normally, verification of flow meter performance is conducted by proving the flowmeter with a proving device, or prover. A calibrated prover, adjacent the measurement device on the skid and in fluid communication with the measurement device, samples volumes of the fluid and the sampled volumes are compared to the throughput volumes of the measurement device. If there are statistically important differences between the compared volumes, the throughput volume of the measurement device is adjusted to reflect the actual flowing volume as identified by the prover.
The prover has a precisely known volume which is calibrated to known and accepted standards of accuracy, such as those prescribed by the American Petroleum Institute (API) or the International Standards Organization (ISO). The precisely known volume of the prover can be defined as the volume of product between two detector switches that is displaced by the passage of a displacer, such as an elastomeric sphere or a piston. The known volume that is displaced in the prover is compared to the throughput volume of the flowmeter. If the comparison yields a volumetric differential of zero or an acceptable variation therefrom, the flowmeter is then considered to be accurate within the limits of allowed tolerances. If the volumetric differential exceeds the limits allowed, then evidence is provided indicating that the flowmeter may not be accurate. Thereafter, the flowmeter throughput volume can be adjusted to reflect the actual flowing volume as identified by the prover. The adjustment may be made with a flowmeter correction factor. In order to obtain precise calibration, the displacer position in the prover must be accurately determined with dynamic flow of the fluid through the prover. The prover is the in-field reference standard against which the meter is calibrated.

Apparatus and method for determining displacer position in a flowmeter prover


An improved approach is provided for determining differential voltages for driver and receiver pairs as a result of electrostatic discharge (ESD) events including identifying circuits of interest, re-characterizing the circuits of interest into a system for evaluating differential voltages, determining the differential voltages for ESD pin locations, and outputting results after iterating through all the ESD pin locations. In some embodiments, re-characterizing may include performing a resistance only extraction of a net, attaching a resistance to any node in the circuit and to ground, formulating a conductance matrix and distributing the total current I as source points. In some embodiments, determining differential voltages for ESD pin locations may include, stamping a first ESD pin location with a total current, solving for the system using previously computed values, mapping the driver and receiver pairs to the nodes in the system, computing the differential voltage, and recording the lowest differential voltage.

EDA software tools may be used in the design and analysis of numerous electronic systems such as printed circuit boards (PCBs) and integrated circuits (ICs). To design a circuit, such as an integrated circuit (IC), a designer first creates high level behavior descriptions of the IC device using a high-level hardware design language (HDL). Common examples of HDLs include Verilog and VHDL. An EDA system typically receives the high level behavioral descriptions of the IC device and translates this high-level design language into netlists of various levels of abstraction. Essentially, the process to implement an electronic device begins with functional design and verification (e.g., using RTL), and then proceeds to physical design of a layout and verification.
Circuit designers and verification engineers use different methods to verify circuit designs. One common method of verification is the use of simulation. Simulation dynamically verifies a design by monitoring behaviors of the design with respect to test stimuli. For many types of designs, simulation can and should be performed during the design process to ensure that the ultimate goals are achievable and will be realized by the finished product.
For example, SPICE and FASTSPICE are common types of simulators that perform simulation to verify the operation of an electronic design. With these types of tools, the electronic design is converted into a system of equation(s), which is then solved for a given set of inputs to check the state of specific portions of the circuit at given points in time.
Some EDA tools are configured to handle the issue of electro static discharge ("ESD"). ESD generally relates to the transfer of charge between bodies at different electrical potentials. However, electrostatic discharge may alter the electrical characteristics of a semiconductor device, which may degrade or destroy the device. Since ESD is a high surge current relative to those for otherwise normal operation of the device, EDS events can cause major reliability problems in integrated circuits and for the semiconductor industry. Furthermore, ESD may also be a cause of oxide damage in integrated circuits.
In order to protect the functional modules in integrated circuits from ESD events, protection cells are often utilized between the functional modules and the input/output ("I/O") terminals (e.g., bumps, pins, pads, etc.) of the integrated circuit. For example, for ESD protection it is often required that for each bump in the electrical circuit there exists an ESD cell through which its static charge can be discharged without damaging the device. To ensure that static charge on a bump is discharged only through the bump of the device, it is necessary to ensure that the effective electrical resistance of the bump is below an identified threshold so that the static charge does not go through any other device. In order to ensure this, a large number of effective electrical resistances need to be calculated from multiple sources to multiple destinations.
Furthermore, it has been seen that the current caused by ESD events can be so large that the current gets uniformly distributed on a net before it gets drained out. Meanwhile, even when the bumps of the devices behave as expected, there could be large voltage drops across driver and receiver pairs due to a large current flowing and a high resistance between the driver and receiver pairs, which could be the new cause of oxide damage. Therefore, what is needed is an efficient way to simulate the multiple drainage/sink nodes and identify all driver-receiver pairs with differential voltages above a given threshold. Finally, this need is aggravated by the sheer size of the circuits that need simulating.

Method and system for efficiently determining differential voltages for electrostatic discharge simulations


A system and methods which allow even a novice performer to easily play music which is not disharmonious and which is pleasing to the performer and his or her audience. The music is preferably created by a performer breaking one or more beams of light, which are emitted by one or more beam emitters and received, or detected, by one or more beam detectors. When a beam detector determines that a beam has been broken, a trigger is sent to a synthesizer, with such synthesizer preferably being a computer interfaced to the beam detectors via a Universal Serial Bus connection. The synthesizer selects from one or more electronic sounds, based on a pre-programmed collection of sounds, and a sound generator, such as an amplifier and speakers, plays the sound.

There have been several attempts to design an area/device wherein a person or people may, by moving within this area in certain ways, cause a sound system to generate various sounds. Some of these attempts include setting up various electromagnetic beams/patterns in the area whereby movement of a person/people interferes with these beams/patterns and causes sound generation. However, sound generation has typically been controlled by such systems in either of two ways.
One sound generation control system used in the prior art monitors a performer's movements and consistently generates exactly the same sound or sounds every time a specific movement occurs. With such systems, even slight movement variations can cause undesirable changes in pitch, tone, volume, or the like. While such systems permit a highly-trained person to "play" the system and generate exactly certain sounds at each "performance" in a more-or-less "professional" manner, these systems are not likely to produce pleasing or entertaining sounds or results if a novice attempts to perform on them.
A second sound generation control method has focused on the "power" given, say, to children in a museum setting to produce, for example, sounds by "playing" randomly in a designated area, thus permitting them to play and experiment but with little heed given to production of pleasing sounds.
Additionally, such prior art systems generally comprise relatively large areas around which are placed the light beams used for playing music or producing sounds. See for example U.S. Pat. No. 5,081,896 by Hiyosji; U.S. Pat. No. 3,749,810 by Dow; U.S. Pat. No. 5,045,687 by Gurner; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,017,770 by Sigalov, the teachings of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. The light beams in such prior art systems generally are substantially vertical in orientation, or are arranged such that the triggering motion is substantially horizontal. Such prior art systems are also relatively large and cage-like. Thus, a player of such systems must run, jump, etc. as in Hiyosji, and/or trigger a cage of vertical beams as in Sigalov.
Furthermore, such systems generally require that the beam or sensor have interaction with either a substantial part of the user's body, or at least that the beam or sensor be interrupted by an arm or a full hand. Thus, such systems also require relatively gross movements for their operation. Such systems therefore are not adapted for fine, precise, and economical user movements. Moreover, such systems are generally fairly large and require permanent or semi-permanent installations. While permanent installation is certainly desirable in many cases, equally desirable is a portable system which even a single person may disassemble, move, and re-assemble quickly and with little effort.


An apparatus and method for generating a cyclic redundancy code with multiple cyclic redundancy code circuits are disclosed. High throughput data protocols can work more robustly if accompanied by high throughput error checking to verify the integrity of the communicated data. One approach of improving the performance of cyclic redundancy code generation hardware that can save money and development time is to combine multiple cyclic redundancy code circuits to perform the error checking. Data received is processed across the multiple cyclic redundancy code circuits. Future cyclic redundancy code circuits can also be combined according to this approach.

The field includes routers, switches, modems, and generally hardware that sends and/or receives data. More particularly, this pertains to cyclic redundancy code (CRC) calculation to detect errors in data communication.
When data communication occurs, some data may be corrupted en route from the sender to the receiver. A reliable implementation of error detection may inform the receiver of the garbled state of a message, and allow the receiver to request a retransmission of the garbled data. Robust error detection thus improves the versatility of data transfers between units on a network, such as routers and switches, and units in a computer.
One error-detecting code is the CRC. In CRC, data in the message may be considered as a message poylnomial M(x), with the bits of the data being the coefficients of M(x). The CRC bits of the message are generated by dividing M(x) by a cyclic redundancy code equation, or a generator polynomial G(x). The quotient polynomial Q(x) is discarded and the coefficients of the remainder polynomial R(x) are appended to M(x) before transmission by the sender of M(x) +R(x). After reception, the receiver divides M(x)+R(x) by G(x). If the data transmission is error free, the new remainder is zero. A non-zero new remainder indicates that an error occurred in the transmission. The above CRC implementation is illustrative; other CRC implementations can be applied.
As data transmission speeds increase, the CRC hardware may need to generate the CRC faster. For example, upcoming standards such as 10 Gigabit Ethernet standard, being formalized as part of the IEEE 802.3ae standard, and the InfiniBand Architecture Specification, currently embodied in the Mar. 31, 2000 Release 0.9, present a need for high performance CRC hardware. One approach to generate CRC data faster is to start from the ground up, such as a new transistor layout, extensive testing associated with a next-generation design, etc. This approach can be time-consuming and expensive. Thus, it would be desirable to combine CRC hardware to handle faster data transmission. In the event a ground up approach was taken, it would be desirable to combine new CRC hardware to handle even faster data transmission.
To overcome the limitations described above, and to overcome other limitations that will become apparent upon reading and understanding the present specification, the present invention discloses an apparatus using multiple cyclic redundancy code circuits to generate a cyclic redundancy code for a message. The generated cyclic redundancy code may be combined with the message and transmitted, or compared with an incoming message to detect errors.
A wide data stream representing a message can be divided into multiple narrower data streams, for example by interleaving. Each of the cyclic redundancy code circuits can have a message data input receiving one of the narrower data streams, and a cyclic redundancy code input. Each cyclic redundancy code circuit may generate an intermediate cyclic redundancy code after processing a previously generated cyclic redundancy code received from the cyclic redundancy code input and/or a part of the message data received from the message data input.
The cyclic redundancy code generator can be incorporated into any data device, such as a computer, a router, a network interface card, etc. The incorporated cyclic redundancy code generator may process data traffic internal to the data device, and/or communicated with another data device.
Some method embodiments generate the cyclic redundancy code for a message through generating intermediate cyclic redundancy codes, and/or dividing a message into multiple message streams. Another method embodiment assembles a cyclic redundancy code generator by coupling multiple cyclic redundancy code circuits.
Embodiments may combine cyclic redundancy code hardware based on a presently existing polynomial, thus preserving compatibility with legacy systems. For example, hardware may be developed that processes incoming data more than one byte at a time using the present generating polynomial. Embodiments may also combine cyclic redundancy code hardware based on a different polynomial, such as a newer polynomial.

Apparatus and method for applying multiple CRC generators to CRC calculation


Disclosed are methods and systems for dispensing a printed document from a printer machine with a dispensing device. For instance, a document being printed out from the printer machine may be monitored for, and a determination that a document is being printed out from the printer machine may be made based on the monitoring. The printed document may be engaged with an arm mechanism of the dispensing device, the printed document may be urged towards a slot of the dispensing device with the arm mechanism, and the printed document may be dispensed out of the slot with the arm mechanism.

Some types of documents, such as cashier's checks or other types of secure document, may require certain security features in generating and issuing the document. These required security features may make it difficult to print and securely dispense these types of documents. Further, current printer machines may be inadequate to securely dispense such documents. Accordingly, a need exists for securely dispensing printed documents.
The systems and methods of the present disclosure may solve one or more of the problems set forth above and/or other problems in the art. The scope of the current disclosure, however, is not defined by the attached claims, and not by the ability to solve any specific problem. The background description provided herein is for the purpose of generally presenting the context of the disclosure. Unless otherwise indicated herein, the materials described in this section are not prior art to the claims in this application and are not admitted to be prior art, or suggestions of the prior art, by inclusion in this section.

Systems and methods for dispensing a printed document from a printer machine using a dispensing device


It is an object of the present invention to provide a light source unit enabling cost reduction. A light source unit of the present invention includes a plurality of LEDs 16, an LED board 17 having a surface on which the plurality of LEDs 16 is arranged, and an elongated reflection sheet 30 provided on the surface of the LED board 17 on which the LEDs are arranged. The reflection sheet 30 has a plurality of light-source-surrounding reflecting portions 31 surrounding the LEDs 16 in a plan view, and a plurality of connecting portions 32 connecting the adjacent light-source-surrounding reflecting portions 31. Each of the connecting portions 32 has a width Y2 narrower than a width Y1 of each of the light-source-surrounding reflecting portions in a short direction of the reflection sheet 30.

In recent years, display elements of image display devices including television receivers are shifting from conventional cathode-ray tube displays to thin-screen display devices to which thin-screen display elements including liquid crystal panels and plasma display panels are applied. This enables the display device to be thinner. A liquid crystal display device requires a backlight unit as a separate lighting device because a liquid crystal panel used therein is not a light-emitting component. Examples of the backlight units include backlight units described in the following Patent Documents 1 and 2. In the backlight unit described in Patent Document 1, a light source unit is configured by arranging a plurality of LEDs (light sources) on a board, and the light sources are two-dimensionally arranged by arranging the plurality of light source units. In the backlight unit described in Patent Document 2, a white or silver reflection sheet is provided on a chassis on which a light source is provided, and thereby light from the light source is reflected to a liquid crystal panel side by the reflection sheet.    Patent Document 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2007-317423    Patent Document 2: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2008-304839

Light source unit, lighting device, display device, television receiver, and method of manufacturing reflection sheet for light source unit


A method for refining a dictionary for information extraction, the operations including: inputting a set of extracted results from execution of an extractor comprising the dictionary on a collection of text, wherein the extracted results are labeled as correct results or incorrect results; processing the extracted results using an algorithm configured to set a score of the extractor above a score threshold, wherein the score threshold balances a precision and a recall of the extractor; and outputting a set of candidate dictionary entries corresponding to a full set of dictionary entries, wherein the candidate dictionary entries are candidates to be removed from the dictionary based on the extracted results.

Extracting structured information from unstructured text is an essential component of many important applications including business intelligence, social media analytics, semantic search, and regulatory compliance. The success of these applications is tightly connected with the quality of the extracted results. Incorrect or missing results may often render the application useless.
Building high-quality information extraction rules to extract structured information from unstructured text is a difficult and time-consuming process. Exhaustive dictionaries of words and phrases are integral to any information extraction system. One of the most important parts of this process can include refining the dictionaries by selectively removing dictionary entries that lead to false positives. Sophisticated extractors that use greater numbers of fine-grained dictionaries to improve accuracy also increase the difficulty of refining the dictionaries for efficient and accurate extraction due to the size and number of dictionaries.

Refining a dictionary for information extraction

International Business Machines Corporation


A planar light source device includes: a point light source that emits light; a circuit board that has a mounting portion, on which the point light source mounted, and a fixing portion, on which a connector supplying electric power to the point light source is mounted; and a frame that holds the circuit board with the point light source, wherein the circuit board has a protruding portion that protrudes from an end portion of the fixing portion, and wherein the fixing portion of the circuit board is fixed at an inner portion of the frame, and wherein the protruding portion of the circuit board is fixed at an outer portion of the frame, which is opposite to the inner portion of the fixing portion.

Generally, liquid crystal displays, advertising displays, guide signs, and the like are not self-luminous display devices having display units that emit light by their selves. Therefore, it is necessary to provide planar light source devices such as backlights at the rear faces of the display units. The planar light source devices are a side light type (also referred to as an edge light type) and a direct back light type, for example. In the side light type of planar light source devices, light sources are disposed on side portions of cases, and in the direct back light type of planar light source devices, light sources are disposed on the rear face sides of cases to face the liquid crystal display unit.
The side-light-type planar light source devices may use light guide plates for guiding light from light sources in desired directions. The planar light source devices using the light guide plates may use line light sources such as cold cathode fluorescent lamps, or a circuit board such as a Flexible Printed Circuit board (hereinafter, referred to as FPC) having point light sources such as light emitting diodes arranged in line thereon. The FPC includes wiring patterns for supplying electric power to each of the point light sources such as LEDs, and has connectors at their end portions. The connectors are connected to other connectors of drivers or the like for supplying electric power to the FPC, and electric power is supplied to each of the point light sources through the wiring patterns. Incidentally, if an FPC shifts, a defect may occur in the connection between the connector of the FPC and a corresponding connector.
For this reason, JP-A-2007-78929 discloses an electro-optical device having a structure for position connectors by an extending portion of a FPC and an positioning reference portion provided at a portion of a case. Therefore, a defect in the connection between the connectors is suppressed.
Also, JP-A-2005-267881 discloses a planar light source device having a structure for inserting a second FPC having light sources mounted thereon into a notched portion of a frame. Therefore, the second FPC is locked at an appropriate position.

Planer light source device with fixing portion and display device using the same


A nonvolatile semiconductor memory device may include a cell array and a program modulation unit. The cell array may further include a plurality of word lines, a plurality of bit lines, a plurality of cell transistors and a plurality of source lines. The plurality of bit lines may intersect the plurality of word lines. The plurality of cell transistors may be arranged at intersections of the word lines and bit lines, and may have drains and gates connected to the bit lines and the word lines, respectively. The source lines may be connected to sources of the plurality of cell transistors. The program-voltage modulation unit may modulate a program voltage based on a number of cell transistors selected for programming.

1. Field of the Invention
Example embodiments of the present invention relate to nonvolatile semiconductor memory devices, for example, nonvolatile semiconductor memory devices providing a more stable program voltage to a source line.
2. Description of the Conventional Art
A conventional NOR-type nonvolatile semiconductor memory device may include nonvolatile memory cell transistors. Each nonvolatile memory cell transistor may include a control gate connected to a word line, a drain connected to a bit line, a source connected to a source line and a floating gate. Conventional NOR-type nonvolatile memory cell transistors may comprise an array of a plurality of memory cells arranged in a matrix. The sources of a plurality of cell transistors may be connected to a single common source line. The sources of the cell transistors in different word lines may be arranged opposite each other in order to share the source line.
Read, erase and program (write) operations may be performed on conventional NOR-type nonvolatile semiconductor memory devices. The program operation may be performed by accumulating electrons in the floating gate of a memory cell transistor. Upon programming, a voltage may be applied to a corresponding control gate and drain, and logic high (voltage) may be applied to a source line, so that the cell transistor may conduct electricity, and thus, channel hot electron (CHE) injection may be performed on the floating gate. However, because sources the cell transistors are connected to a single common source line, the voltage drop in the source line when programming may vary depending on the number of cell transistors to be programmed. Furthermore, if the voltage applied to the source line of respective cell transistors increases upon programming, a disturbance may occur in cell transistors not selected for programming and connected to the same source line as the cell transistors selected for programming.

Nonvolatile semiconductor memory devices


A salamander-type overhead broiler/cooler has a base on a support adapted to hold a foodstuff to be heated, a heating unit vertically displaceable on the support energizable to radiate heat downward at the support, and a horizontal light curtain at a predetermined spacing fixed relative to and below the heating unit so that the light curtain can be broken by a foodstuff on the base when the unit is lowered. A motor is connected between the unit and the support for vertically displacing the unit and the light curtain on the support and a controller connected between the light curtain and the motor means arrests downward displacement of the unit when the light curtain is broken by a foodstuff on the base.

A standard commercial-duty broiler/warmer called a salamander in the art and described in international design patent No. 010,450 has a heavy duty radiant heating unit that is carried in a housing that can be vertically displaced above a food-support surface in the manner described in German patent document 8,613,077, Swiss 610,747, and British 974,759. The food to be cooked or heated is placed on the surface and the heating unit is pulled down and energized to heat it from above. This unit can be used to broil steaks or chops, melt cheese on vegetables or soups, or simply reheat already cooked food, although the experienced chef can find many other uses.
The utility of such a unit is dependent on the experience of the person using it. This is because the vertical spacing between the heating unit and the food, and the amount of time the heat is to be applied is fairly critical, especially in view of the large heating capacity of a typical commercialkitchen salamander. Thus the device is quite difficult to use, and even an experienced chef will frequently undercook or burn something with it.
In addition this arrangement is fairly dangerous. If the heat is not turned off the high temperatures--about 250.degree. C.--underneath it can lead to severe burns. Furthermore if the device is not fully raised when it is loaded or unloaded the person working it must slide the plates or food into a relatively narrow slot to put them in place. In addition if the device is set too low, it is possible not only to ruin the food being prepared, but to start a fire.
Finally these arrangements have other problems relating to their use. The massive heating unit is relatively bulky and difficult to position accurately, especially once it has gotten fairly greasy over the years. This tempts the user to leave it in the down position rather than to follow the safer course of opening it fully to load something in or take it out. Furthermore when the heating element is off it is difficult to see under it, and when the element is on the light supplied by the normally radiant heat is bad so that it is difficult to tell just what is happening. Since the device is used frequently, it is also common for the user to simply leave the heat on, wasting energy.

MKN Maschinenfabrik Kurt Neubauer GmbH & Co.


A printer performing printing for a cloud print server that provides a print service includes an acquisition unit, a determination unit, a flag enabling unit, a request unit, and a control unit. The acquisition unit acquires a job list from the cloud print server. The determination unit determines presence/absence of a job including a valid PIN code. A valid PIN code indicates that the job is to be secure printed. The flag enabling unit does not enable a suspension flag in response to determining the absence of the job, and enables the suspension flag in response to determining the presence of the job. The request unit requests input of a PIN code if the suspension flag is enabled when the acquisition unit acquires the job list again. The control unit controls printing of the job to be secure printed based on the input PIN code.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relate to a printer, a control method, and a storage medium.
2. Description of the Related Art
Some image forming apparatuses have a function called confidential printing or secure printing. The function is intended to perform printing after successful authentication is carried out in order to prevent the printing from starting in a place out of sight and information from leaking to a third party when printing a highly confidential document. A technique includes adding a password to print data and holding the password-added print data in an image forming apparatus before making prints. Such a technique needs a large-capacity storage unit. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-370407 discusses a method for implementing the function with less memory.
Cloud print services have recently started to be used. Cloud print services are attracting attention because printing can be performed from tablet terminals without a printer driver.
However, a system that can perform secure printing by using the current cloud print services has yet to be constructed. For example, while a password may be added to print data by using some kind of device, the conventional configuration of holding the password-added print data in an image forming apparatus is difficult to implement in a low memory capacity apparatus having no hard disk.
Even when applying the method discussed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-370407, the image forming apparatus needs to store job numbers, passwords, and first-page data of a plurality of jobs. Again, such a system is difficult to implement in an apparatus having no hard disk.

Secure printing from cloud print server by suspending print job with valid pin code and requesting user pin code when reacquiring job list


A porous material inserted into a fluid-containing vessel reduces turbulence, heat transfer, and mass transfer in the fluid. The material may be used in a cryostat to reduce turbulence in a boiling cryogenic fluid. The cryostat may be used in an energy dispersive x-ray analysis unit to cool an x-ray detector.

A. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to the field of reducing turbulence in a fluid.
B. Related Art
In the field of energy dispersive x-ray analysis, vessels known as Dewars or cryostats are commonly used to cool the x-ray detectors to cryogenic temperatures. The cryostats are commonly filled with liquid nitrogen, but can be filled with any cryogenic liquid. Due to imperfections in the insulation of the cryostats, the cryogenic liquid may boil violently. The boiling results turbulence, which leads to vibration, which in turn can cause deterioration in the resolution of the x-ray detector.
Even when the boiling is of the nucleate type, from "hot" walls of the vessel, significant turbulence may occur. "Hot" in this context is of course relative to the temperature of the cryogenic liquid.

Method and devices to reduce vibrations in a cryostat


A slider for a slide fastener having a cover member capable of rotating between a first position at which a pull tag is concealed in an immobile state and a second position at which the pull tag is exposed, wherein engaging/disengaging means for engaging with/disengaging from each other when the cover member is located at the first position is provided at a portion on first end portions side apart from respective rotating portions of second end portions, the second end portion having the rotating portions in which the pull tag and the cover member are coupled so as to be able to rotate relatively, thereby providing the slider a simple structure and costing low, being capable of achieving a pull tag holding performance stable and excellent over a long period and preventing deflections between respective components.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a slider for a slide fastener, and more particularly to a slider capable of achieving a pull tag holding performance stable and excellent over a long period and preventing occurrence of plays between respective components.
2. Description of Related Art
Conventionally, sliders have been often used as fixing devices for articles such as bag or knapsack and clothes such as jacket or sweat suit. As for the structure of this kind of slider, there is available an ordinary slider comprising a slider body made of a stiff material, which is attached to an opening of the aforementioned articles and engages with/disengages from engaging elements opposing of a pair of fastener stringers, and a pull tag made of a stiff material connected to the slider body so as to be capable of moving freely.
As for another structure of the slider, there is available a slider comprising a slider body, a pull tag and a cover member for covering the slider body and pull tag according to U.S. patent publication No. 1988761. The slider having such a cover member has been often used as a fixing device for clothes a motorcyclist wears. This clothes is manufactured of leather, artificial leather or material of the same property and generally expensive.
In a slider 100 disclosed in U.S. patent publication No. 1988761, as shown in FIG. 16, a flat hard cover plate 101 is connected to a pull tag 102 hingedly. This cover plate 101 is capable of moving between a first position for concealing an unornamental assembly comprised of a slider body 103 and the pull tag 102 and a second position for exposing the assembly. This cover plate 101 is disposed resiliently obliquely in a direction of making contact with an engaging element row 104 and its adjacent portion. As a result, a slider 100 having more superb decoration property can be obtained.
In the slider 100 described in the U.S. patent publication No. 1988761, the hard pull tag 102 is only connected to the hard slider body 103 so as to be capable of moving freely and the cover plate 101 is connected to the pull tag 102 so as to be capable of rotating. For this reason, when the slider is used as a fixing device for clothes which a motorcyclist wears, for example, the pull tag 102 often jumps up during usage due to its structure. If the pull tag 102 frequently jumps up over a long period, the pull tag 102 collides with the top face of the slider body 103 violently. Thus, not only a motorcyclist feels uncomfortable when he hears that collision sound frequently but also there occurs a play or deflection in position between respective components.
As for the cover plate 101 of this conventional slider 100, when the cover plate 101 is located at the first position for covering the assembly comprised of the slider body 103 and the pull tag 102, a hinge-like connecting portion between the cover plate 101 and the pull tag 102 is floated upward. Further, the cover plate 101 covers the pull tag 102 in a state in which a free end of the cover plate 101 keeps contact with the top face of the slider body 103.
That is, when the cover plate 101 is located at the first position for covering the slider body 103 and the pull tag 102, the cover 101 is disposed so as to be tilted in a direction of making contact with the engaging element row 104 and its adjacent portion. Thus, for example, in clothes which the motorcyclist wear, if the pull tag 102 frequently jumps up over a long period during usage, not only he feels unpleasantly therewith but also the free end of the cover plate 101 makes a direct contact with the engaging element row 104 and clothes. As a result, there occurs such an inconvenience that the clothes wears partially or is damaged.
An object of the present invention is to provide a slider for a slide fastener having a cover member capable of achieving a stable, excellent pull tag holding performance in a long period and preventing deflections between respective components, the slider having a simple structure and costing low.


A device (100) has a charging system (102) for coupling to a charger (103) operating in a vehicle, and a processor coupled to the charging system. The processor is programmed to detect (202) a charging state while a user of the device is operating the vehicle, and detect (204-208) an act by the user to exit the vehicle.

A large number of portable device users (such as cell phone users) attach their phone to a charger or accessory holder in an automobile while in transit. Often, however, end users fail to remember to take their phone with them upon departing their automobile. Leaving the phone in the automobile unattended can lead to theft, an inconvenience for the end user when a need arises to use the phone, and/or failure to respond to calls.

Method and apparatus for reminding a user of an unattended device in a vehicle


A static and length adjustable device for aiding a user in removing dissimilar items from a bed of a truck without any modification to the device to remove the dissimilar items. The device includes a pole, a head, length-adjusting apparatus, and attaching apparatus. The pole has a length. The head extends from the pole, and together therewith, are for aiding the user in removing the dissimilar items from the bed of the truck without any modification to the device to remove the dissimilar items. The length-adjusting apparatus is operatively connected to, and selectively adjusts the length of, the pole, and is for facilitating aiding the user in removing the dissimilar items from the bed of the truck without any modification to the device to remove the dissimilar items. The attaching apparatus replaceably attaches the head to the pole.

A. Field of the Invention
The embodiments of the present invention relate to a pole for grabbing items, and more particularly, the embodiments of the present invention relate to a static and length adjustable device for aiding a user in removing dissimilar items from a bed of a truck without any modification to the device to remove the dissimilar items.
B. Description of the Prior Art
Numerous innovations for poles for grabbing items have been provided in the prior art, which will be described below in chronological order to show advancement in the art, and which are incorporated in their entirety herein by reference thereto. Even though these innovations may be suitable for the specific individual purposes to which they address, nevertheless, they differ from the present invention in that they do not teach a static and length adjustable device for aiding a user in removing dissimilar items from a bed of a truck without any modification to the device to remove the dissimilar items.

Device for aiding a user in removing items from a truck bed


A tape printing apparatus compares a back-side background region of print data to be previously printed and a front-side background region of print data to be subsequently printed upon receipt of plural print data including background. If they are different, the tape printing apparatus creates a front-side color mixture tolerance region and a back-side color mixture tolerance region based on the front-side background region and the back-side background region, respectively, so that the front-side color mixture tolerance region and the back-side color mixture tolerance region are arranged continuously. The apparatus sets cut positions at a front edge border and a back edge border of each print data and cut the tape off at those portions while carrying out full-color print on the tape based on respective print data.

There have conventionally been known printing apparatuses capable of carrying out so-called borderless print. In borderless print, plural print data each of which includes a background content with respect to the entirety of a print region are continuously printed on a long tape of recording medium in full color or in black and white and subsequently print results of the plural print data are cut off one by one.
In this connection, in a case where two print data to be continuously printed have different expression patterns (e.g., background color) at an adjoining portion where edges of the two print data adjoin to each other, print of a background pattern of print data first printed out can possibly affect print of a background pattern of print data next printed out. For instance, background color of the print data next printed out may be affected by background color of the print data first printed out at the adjoining portion and color mixture may occurs to the adjoining portion, especially on the side of the background color belonging to the print data next printed out. In that case, the print result of the print data next printed out contains color mixture at the border of the print result of the print data first printed out. Therefore, one of the print results is different from a print result a user has initially desired.
There has also conventionally been known a printing apparatus configured to compare an image content of print data to be first printed out and that of print data to be next printed out and to cut off a roll sheet at the adjoining portion of those two images to be printed out if both image contents are the same. If not the same, the printing apparatus is configured to arrange a margin region between them and to cut off the roll sheet at an inner position of a printed region by predetermined length with reference to a border of the margin region and the printed region.
If image contents of successive two print data are the same, the above-mentioned conventional printing apparatus is configured to cut the roll sheet at print border of the successive two print data. Thereby, print results based on the respective print data can be served in a form of borderless print. Even if not the same, the conventional printing apparatus is configured to arrange a margin region between the two print data so as to avoid color mixture at the print border of those. Thereby, print results based on the respective print data can be served in a form of borderless print without color mixture.
In the case where image contents of successive two print data are not the same, the conventional printing apparatus is thus configured to arrange a margin region between the two print data and to cut off the roll sheet at the inner position in the printed region by predetermined length with reference to the border of the margin region and the printed region. Therefore, in that case, print results based on the respective print data can be served in a form of borderless print, however, resultant size after cut off is smaller than user's desired size.


A plasma display apparatus includes a heat radiation sheet that is easily attached and separated to and from a plasma display panel, has strengthened adherence with the plasma display panel and a chassis base, and does not generate a residual image. The plasma display apparatus includes a heat radiation sheet between a plasma display panel and a chassis base, and the heat radiation sheet is divided into two or more sheets, where the gap between the sheets is small enough so that a visible residual image does not appear.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a plasma display apparatus, and more particularly, to a plasma display apparatus including a heat radiation sheet that both prevents visible residual images from forming while allowing for easy attachment and detachment of the heat radiation sheet to and from a plasma display panel (PDP).
2. Description of the Related Art
In general, a plasma display apparatus is an apparatus for displaying an image through a gas discharging phenomenon, and can replace a cathode ray tube (CRT) device due to excellent display features such as display capacity, brightness, contrast, residual image, and viewing angle. In the plasma display apparatus, a gas filled between electrodes is discharged by direct current (DC) voltage or alternating current (AC) voltage applied to the electrodes, and accordingly, ultraviolet rays are radiated to excite a phosphor and emit visible light.
A plasma display panel (PDP) included in the plasma display apparatus can be classified into an AC type and a DC type according to a discharging mechanism. In the DC type plasma display panel, electrodes included in the plasma display panel are directly exposed to a discharge gas filled in a discharging cell, and the voltage applied to the electrodes is directly applied to the discharge gas. In the AC type plasma display panel, since the electrodes are separated from the discharge gas by a dielectric layer, charged particles generated in a discharging operation are not absorbed by the electrodes, a wall charge is formed, and the discharging operation occurs using the wall charge. Therefore, since the plasma display apparatus uses the discharging operation for displaying images, the plasma display panel generates a lot of heat.
The plasma display panel is mounted in an external case with a circuit device. The panel is coupled to a chassis base, and the chassis base is coupled to the external case. The chassis base is manufactured using a thermal conductive metal substance so that the heat of the panel can be drawn out from the panel. A heat radiation sheet is disposed between the chassis base and the panel in order to promote the radiation of heat toward the chassis base.
The heat radiation sheet used to remove the heat generated on the plasma display panel can be manufactured using various materials, and includes a thermal conductive filler such as copper powder, graphite powder, and aluminum powder.
However, the conventional heat-radiation sheet has a low thermal conductive coefficient of about 1 W/m·K, thus decreasing a heat radiating function. When heat is not effectively drawn away from the plasma display panel, the brightness of the PDP is lowered in the discharging cell, where much heat accumulates. Accordingly, this causes a difference between the brightnesses of a cell that emits light and a cell that does not emit light, and an entire brightness of the plasma display panel is lowered. Moreover, when the discharging strength increases in order to improve the brightness of the plasma display apparatus, more heat is generated from the plasma display panel, thus aggravating the above problem.
Therefore, a highly thermal conductive heat radiation sheet that is manufactured using highly oriented graphite is used recently in order to improve the heat conductive function. However, the coupling forces between particles in the highly thermal-conductive sheet are weak and the highly thermal-conductive sheet is less flexible, thus generating dust and being brittle and thus prone to fracturing in a bending process. Moreover, when the heat radiation sheet is separated from the plasma display panel to repair the panel, some of the heat radiation sheet adhered to the display panel surface may not be removed, thus requiring additional manual work.
As the plasma display apparatus becomes larger, it is more difficult to handle the heat radiation sheet. That is, the heat radiation sheet is formed to be thin, for example, with a thickness of 1 mm through 2 mm, thus when the thin heat radiation sheet is adhered to the plasma display panel of larger area, it is difficult to handle the heat radiation sheet. In addition, after adhering the heat radiation sheet to the plasma display panel, an air gap may be generated between the plasma display panel and the heat radiation sheet. When the heat radiation sheet is fabricated using the graphite for high heat conductivity, the above problems become more severe. Therefore, what is needed is a heat radiation sheet structure that is both effective in drawing heat away from the display while being easy to attach and detach from the display.

Plasma display apparatus having heat radiation sheet


An engine control system that regulates operating of an engine of a motor vehicle includes a first module that determines whether a throttle of the motor vehicle is closed and a second module that determines whether the engine is idling while a cruise control is active. A third module selectively inhibits an RPM-based idle speed control of the engine if the throttle is closed and the engine is idling while the cruise control is active.

Internal combustion engines combust a fuel and air mixture within cylinders driving pistons to produce drive torque. The engine drives a transmission through a coupling device. Air is drawn into the engine and is metered through a throttle. The engine is operated based on a desired air-to-fuel (A/F) ratio. In some instances, the A/F ratio is lean (i.e., reduced fuel) and in other instances, the A/F ratio is rich (i.e., increased fuel). An ignition system initiates combustion of the A/F mixture within cylinders. During vehicle operation, periods of engine idle occur. Engine idle occurs when there is low engine load and there is little or no operator throttle input (i.e., operator not rewing the engine).
Traditional engine control systems include a throttle closed flag that indicates when the throttle is in a closed position. During periods where cruise control is used (e.g., adaptive or standard), interactions between the throttle closed flag and the cruise control can cause drivability and business issues. More specifically, under light engine loads when the throttle closed flag is not true (i.e., the throttle is not considered close), idle speed control operates in a throttle follower mode. In the throttle follower mode spark advance is used, which results in higher engine torque output. If the throttle closed flag goes true (i.e., throttle in closed position), idle speed control transitions to a coast down mode, which retards spark to provide an engine torque reserve and to reduce engine emissions.
Whenever cruise control is implemented and there is a light throttle input, the engine torque output can rapidly change as a result of the throttle closed flag transitioning to true. Thus, the engine control system opens the throttle to compensate and to regain the commanded torque value, resulting in repeated transitioning. This transitioning creates a sense of business and engine RPM oscillation.

Cruise idle speed control to enhance low speed and light throttle drivability


An apparatus for dispensing pre-packaged wine comprises a housing configured substantially in the shape of a wine barrel. A shelf positioned within the barrel extends from a front face toward a removable back panel. A shelf support for supporting the shelf includes a semi-circular contour for engaging a lower portion of the circumferential wall. A wine insert, supportable by the shelf, is disposable within the housing with the back panel removed. The wine insert includes a floor having a declined portion allowing wine contained therein to be drawn by gravity towards the rear of the housing. A spigot and conduit fluidly connected to the wine insert are provided for selectively dispensing the wine.

The present invention generally relates to wine storage devices. More particularly, the present invention relates to an apparatus for storing and dispensing wine from collapsible, reusable containers.
For many years, wine has remained one of the most popular drinks to accompany a meal, and as such, is made available not only at home, but at a vast number of restaurants. It is therefore important for a restaurant to keep in stock ample quantities of wine to meet the demand of its customers. However, as wine has historically been stored within glass 750-mL bottles, not only are there increased shipping costs associated with the use of glass bottles, but stocking a restaurant with such wine requires certain space requirements. Alternatively, certain types of wine have been made available by means of portable fluid containers, for example flexible 3- to 10-liter bladders of wine contained within a cardboard box, sometimes referred to as "wine-in-a-box" or simply "box wine". While such containers cut down on shipping costs, there are still storage considerations to take into account, as well as other inherent setbacks. For instance, as the box itself must be placed within a refrigeration unit to keep the wine chilled, the refrigeration space required for the box must be considered. Further, and regardless if a bottle or portable fluid bladder is used, once opened, the shelf-life of the wine decreases rapidly due to oxidation. While bottles of wine typically have to be consumed within a day or so, "wine-in-a-box" products currently available typically last only about a week. More importantly, though, as wine is considered by many to be a premium product, "wine-in-a-box" does not do well from a marketing standpoint as it has been perceived by the purchasing public to be an inferior product or inferior means of storage as opposed to glass bottles. For this reason alone, many vintners have avoided providing wines in this fashion, preferring instead to stick with glass bottles.
There exist in the art several examples of devices that have attempted to provide a means for storing box wine in an aesthetically pleasing manner. However, limitations exist in such examples as conventional devices have been shown to be quite difficult to change between spent wine bladders and new ones. Recent improvements in the art have made it less difficult to change spent wine bladders. For example, commonly owned U.S. Pat. No. 8,596,496 describes a rear-loading wine storage and dispensing device that overcame some of these problems. However, other complications have since risen including ease of installing a support floor for the insert. Another complication that has been known for quite some time is the difficulty in extracting all the wine from these types of inserts without having to physically manipulate the insert or device.
Currently, there exists a need in the art to provide an aesthetically pleasing wine dispensing mechanism for use in conjunction with reusable wine inserts which provides a stable support floor for the inserts and which is not difficult to construct. There also exists a need in the art to provide a wine insert that is capable of dispensing the entirety of its contents without the aid of physical manipulation.