A subsurface drip wastewater disposal system and method are disclosed that eliminate the need for headworks, reduce the risk of damage to the system, and permit optimal pump sizing by simultaneously dosing, flushing the pipe network and flushing the filter. A tank and pump package provide effluent under pressure to the field piping network comprising a supply manifold, a return manifold, and a plurality of emitter lines. A discharge filter that is capable of simultaneous filtering and flushing is provided on the discharge line, and a first flow restrictor is provided on the filter flush return line. Effluent is discharged at a rate and pressure that permits simultaneous pipe flushing and dosing, with the return manifold returning to the tank through a field return line having a second flow restrictor. The size of the first and second flow restrictors is selected to provide the desired flow splits.

Subsurface drip disposal ("SDD") systems are systems for disposing of wastewater such as septic tank effluent and the like. Subsurface drip disposal provides a shallow, slow rate, pressure-dosed system used for land application of pretreated wastewater. In general, SDD systems are characterized by: (1) uniform distribution of effluent, (2) dosing and resting cycles, and (3) very shallow placement of trenches. SDD systems typically use small diameter piping with subsurface drip emitters. The effluent must be adequately filtered before distribution through the underground emitter system, and filters and the piping network must be routinely flushed or otherwise cleared of trapped particles.
Well-designed SDD systems distribute effluent uniformly at a relatively low application rate over an absorption field, also called the drip field. Waste fluids are applied at a controlled rate in the plant root zone, which tends to minimize percolation of the effluent. Hydraulic loading rates may vary, for example between 0.1 and 1.6 gallons per day per square foot.
Conventional SDD systems include valving and control systems referred to as headworks that direct and control the flow of the effluent. In a conventional SDD system the headworks include two or three solenoid valves that control the timing and sequence of fluid flows. A conventional SDD system may include a tank wherein the effluent is accumulated for dispersal, a pump for removing effluent from the tank, a supply manifold and return manifold, and a number of emitter lines that extend between the supply and return manifolds and are disposed in the drip field. The emitter lines include a number of small emitters distributed along their length through which the effluent is dispersed in the drip field.
In a typical conventional SDD system the pump is periodically engaged, and a first solenoid valve is opened, to send flow to the drip field for dispersal through the drip emitters. A valve on the return manifold is typically closed such that the pumped fluid flows uniformly away from the tank, and is dispersed through the emitters. This is typically referred to as "dosing" cycle, and may occur, for example, twelve times a day, for periods of 5-10 minutes. It will be appreciated that this frequency and duration for the dosing cycle is by way of example, and the actual timing selected will depend on the particular application.
In order to avoid accumulation of matter in the emitter lines and manifolds, cooperatively referred to herein as the "field piping network", a conventional SDD system will periodically engage a field piping network flushing cycle wherein relatively high-velocity effluent is pumped through the field piping network to clean out the pipes, with the valve for the return manifold open such that the effluent is partially returned to the tank. The minimum required fluid velocity for the flushing operation is often specified by local and/or state regulations. The field piping network flushing cycle may be engaged, for example, every 12-48 hours, and typically pressurizes the entire system such that effluent is also dispersed to the drip field, although the amount of such dosing is typically difficult to determine and/or unknown.
A conventional SDD system also includes a filter that prevents or reduces the amount of solid matter that is pumped from the SDD tank to the emitter lines, in order to prevent clogging of the emitters. Conventional SDD systems periodically engage a filter flush cycle wherein a third valve is opened to allow flow to go through a filter flushing port and return to the tank. In the filter flushing cycle fluids at a relatively high velocity are provided to remove matter from the filter. Typically the pump pressurizes the entire system, resulting in effluent also being dispersed through the emitters, although again the amount of fluid discharged may be difficult to determine or predict. In an exemplary septic tank application, a filter flush cycle may be engaged once for every 5-20 dose cycles.
SDD systems, particularly in cold weather climates, are designed and installed to drain back from the field piping (e.g., the emitters and plenums) into the dose tank after each dose, so that effluent does not freeze in the lines, potentially damaging the system. However, the headwords active valving systems used in most conventional SDD systems tend to interfere with proper drainage from the field piping, which can result in damage to the field piping network Moreover, the valving systems add significant costs and complexity to the drip disposal system. In addition, conventional SDD systems require three different pumping operations. There is one pressure and flow requirement for dosing the field, a different pressure and flow requirement for flushing the field piping network, and a third flow and pressure requirement for flushing the discharge filter. The differences in these three operating conditions make it difficult to select a suitable pump, and requires operation of the selected pump at non-optimal conditions at least some of the time.
To avoid the disadvantages associated with conventional SDD systems having headworks, a system without full headworks has been proposed in Design & Performance of Drip Dispersal Systems in Freezing Environments (published online at http://www.geoflow.com/research_w.html), by S. Wallace. However, the systems described therein include a solenoid valve for drain back of the effluent, and a throttle valve on the return head. Moreover, the disclosed system does not appear to include a filter, or means for flushing a filter.


The invention, a compact container for mounting to a golf cart, has a box like body with an open top end and a pocket in the back wall that cooperates with a bracket mounted to a golf cart for selectively supporting the container. The invention includes a cover having a flat top wall and a pair of opposing side flaps that extend over the side walls of the body to form a pivotal connection for movement about a first axis of rotation between a closed and an opened position of the container. A U-shaped handle extends over opposing side walls of the body to form a pivotal connection along a second axis of rotation for movement between a raised position and a stowed position of the handle. The first axis is disposed approximately halfway between the second axis and the back wall of the container wherein the top wall of the cover, in the opened position, is flush with, and substantially overlaps, the back wall of the body. Thus, the clearance required for the container is minimized for mounting within the restricted space available on a golf cart.

Golf course owners commonly offer small four-wheel electric golf carts to their customers for transportation during a round of golf. Golf carts generally have a small, lightweight body including a small hooded section over the front wheels, an open passenger compartment, and an open storage area between the rear wheels for securing golf club bags. Two or more narrow struts extend up from the body to support a roof panel for sheltering the passengers and their bags.
For added convenience of the golfers, carts are often fitted with various accessories for use during a round of golf. The most popular accessories are containers such as insulated coolers for cold beverages and sand buckets for dry storage of sand and seed mix for divot repair. Containers and other accessories are commonly supported by a basket or bracket mounted at the side of the cart near the bag storage area where they do not impede driving visibility and are immediately accessible to passengers upon exiting the cart.
As shown in FIG. 12, one conventional prior art container structure includes a box-shaped body, a handle pivotally connected to the body at the side walls, and a flat cover pivotally connected to the body at the back wall. This design, while adequate for general use containers, has proven to be problematic on golf cart applications. Golf carts generally have very little space for mounting accessories, and some models include containers that cannot be fully opened because of an obstruction with a cart component or another accessory, and this prevents convenient access to the container contents. Furthermore, the body/cover connection typically has a snap fit configuration that has proven susceptible to vibration failure on golf cart applications resulting in covers becoming detached and lost.
As shown in FIG. 13, another prior container structure, introduced by Igloo under the brand name Playmate, includes an integral cover and handle that is connected to the body on the vertical centerline of opposing side walls so as to rotate rearward, upon opening, to fully overlap the back wall of the container. Although the side wall connections are less prone to vibration failure, this design is not practical for mounting on a golf cart since the cover, in the open position, would interfere with the mounting bracket and supporting cart structure. Furthermore, the shape of the cover prevents efficient stacking of containers for storage and this is problematic for golf course operators who typically have limited space for inventory.
Thus, there is a need for a more robust and space-efficient container for mounting to a golf cart.


Generating a universal graphical desktop sharing protocol is disclosed. The universal graphical desktop sharing protocol is configured to communicate information (e.g., a sequence of one or more desktop sharing events) that has been translated from a first graphical desktop sharing protocol and is available to be translated into a final graphical desktop sharing protocol.

A data center is a facility used to house computer systems and associated components, such as servers, storage systems, and virtual computing resources. Communications in data centers are commonly based on networks running the IP protocol suite. Data centers typically contain a set of routers and switches that transport traffic between the servers and to the Internet. Some of the servers at the data center are used for running the basic Internet and intranet services needed by internal users in the organization, e.g., e-mail servers, proxy servers, and DNS servers. Some data centers utilize virtualization in a hosting environment scenario to provide increased services to customers.
In software (i.e., a virtual machine ("VM")) virtualization simulates the hardware resources of a physical server. Multiple VMs, each with their own native operating system ("OS"), can securely run on a single physical server. Hosting VMs in a data center helps bridge the gap between shared web hosting services and dedicated hosting services by allowing it to have more independence from other customer's VM implementations and costing less than it does to operate dedicated physical servers.
A virtualization environment may be embodied in a physical host system, such as server. However, a separate server or multiple servers can also implement the virtualization environment. A guest VM operates logically on top of a hypervisor within a physical host system. The hypervisor is a software layer that typically provides virtualization, e.g., versions of computing resources such as of physical processors, memory and peripheral devices. In certain embodiments, the hypervisor may operate logically on top of a host operating system; in others, it may operate directly (logically) on top of the host hardware ("bare-metal hypervisors").
Various communication protocols are used to connect a customer's computer (the "client") to a VM. In some embodiments, the communication protocols provide the client with a graphical interface of the VM. For example, Virtual Network Computing ("VNC") is a graphical desktop sharing system that uses the Remote Frame Buffer ("RFB") protocol to remotely control another computer, such as a VM. The protocol transmits keyboard and mouse events from one computer to another, relaying the graphical screen updates back in the other direction, over a network. VNC is platform-independent; however, there are clients and servers for many GUI-based operating systems and for Java.
To enhance the fidelity of the graphical screen updates received from the graphical interface, increase efficiency, provide more robust security, and or implement additional features on top of the VNC concept, enhanced, sometimes platform-specific communications protocols were created. One such communication protocol is Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP), which is an extension of the ITU-T T.128 application sharing protocol. RDP uses customized video codecs that enable video compression/decompression for the graphical screen updates. Client-side RDP applications exist for connecting, to a VM, most versions of Microsoft Windows (including Windows Mobile), Linux, Unix, Mac OS X, Android, and other modern operating systems. The operating system loads RDP into memory and once activated it is available for client access (e.g., by a RDP software client) after the VM "boots."
Booting is the process that is initialized when a personal computer ("PC") is first powered on. Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) software is built into a physical or virtualized computer, and is the first code run by a PC and/or VM. When the PC and/or VM starts up, the first job for the BIOS is the power-on self-test, which initializes and identifies system devices such as the CPU, RAM, video display card, keyboard and mouse, hard disk drive, optical disc drive and other hardware. The BIOS then locates boot loader software held on a peripheral device (designated as a 'boot device'), such as a hard disk or a CD/DVD, and loads and executes that software (i.e., the operating system), giving it control of the PC. Once booted, by default the RDP server listens on TCP port 3389.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Methods and systems for an intermediate graphical desktop sharing protocol


A mixer circuit includes three square wave mixers and a combiner. A first square wave mixer in the circuit multiplies an input signal with a first square wave. A second square wave mixer and a third square wave mixer in the circuit each multiplies the input signal with a second square wave and a third square wave respectively. The second and third square waves have a same frequency as the first square wave, but phases that respectively lead and lag the phase of the first square wave by a first value. The combiner adds the outputs of the mixers. A low-pass filter external to the mixer circuit filters the sum generated by the combiner to generate a filtered output. In an embodiment, the first value equals forty five degrees, and the filtered output is rendered free of products generated by third and fifth harmonics of the first square wave square.

1. Technical Field
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate generally to electronic mixers, and more specifically to cancellation of products generated by harmonics of a square wave in square-wave mixing.
2. Related Art
Square wave mixing is often used for reasons of ease of implementation of an electronic mixer. Square wave mixing refers to an operation in which a signal is multiplied (mixed) with a square wave signal. As is well-known in the relevant arts, a square wave signal of frequency 'f' may be viewed as being composed of multiple sinusoids (theoretically, an infinite number of sinusoids). The sinusoids include a 'fundamental' sinusoid of frequency 'f', and odd harmonics of the fundamental sinusoid. Odd harmonics refer to sinusoids that have a frequency which is an odd multiple of the fundamental frequency 'f', i.e., frequencies 3f, 5f, 7f, etc.
A mixing operation of a signal (for example, another sinusoid) with a square wave may result in products generated by harmonics of the square wave. Some of such products generated by harmonics of the square wave may fall within a frequency band of interest of a system or component in which the square wave mixing is performed, thereby potentially degrading a desired mixer-product of interest. It may be desirable that such products generated by harmonics of a square wave used in square-wave mixing be reduced in amplitude or completely cancelled.

Cancellation of products generated by harmonics of a square wave used in square-wave mixing


A body gesture control system for operating electrical and electronic devices includes an image sensor device and an image processor device to process body gesture images captured by the image sensor device for recognizing the body gesture. The image processor device includes an image calculation unit and a gesture change detection unit electrically connected therewith. The image calculation unit is used to calculate gesture regions of the captured body gesture images and the gesture change detection unit is operated to detect changes of the captured body gesture images and to thereby determine a body gesture recognition signal.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a body gesture control system for operating electrical and electronic devices. More particularly, the present invention relates to the body gesture control system provided with a gesture change detection unit for operating electrical and electronic devices.
2. Description of the Related Art
In general, remote signaling devices with infrared or RF signals are widely used to control functions of various electrical and electronic devices, including electrical machines, VCRs, TVs and computer devices. However, there is a requirement for freehand control to interact with the electrical and electronic devices. Moreover, voice or hand gesture signals can also be used to control functions of electrical and electronic devices.
By way of example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,594,463, entitled "HAND GESTURE MACHINE CONTROL SYSTEM," discloses a system for the control from a distance of machines having displays and including hand gesture detection in which the hand gesture causes movement of an on-screen hand icon over an on-screen machine control icon, with the hand icon moving the machine control icon in accordance with sensed hand movements to effectuate machine control. TV control led by hand signals includes detecting a single hand gesture and providing a hand icon on the screen along with the provision of icons representing TV controls such as volume, channel, color, density, etc. A television camera detects the hand in a noisy background through correlation techniques based on values of local image orientation. In order to trigger the system into operation, a trigger gesture such as the "how" sign is distinguished from the background through the utilization of orientation angle differences. However, the control system is designed for the control of on-screen hand icons by a hand gesture that fails to meet a requirement for reducing mis-recognition of gestures.
Furthermore, U.S. Pat. No. 6,002,808, entitled "HAND GESTURE CONTROL SYSTEM," discloses a system is provided for rapidly recognizing hand gestures for the control of computer graphics. Particularly, image moment calculations are utilized to determine an overall equivalent rectangle corresponding to hand position, orientation and size, with size correlating to the width of the hand. A hole generated through the utilization of the touching of the forefinger with the thumb provides a special trigger gesture recognized through the corresponding hole in the binary representation of the hand. Image moments of images of other objects are detected for controlling or directing onscreen images. However, the control system is also designed for the control of onscreen images by a hand gesture that fails to meet a requirement for reducing mis-recognition of gestures.
As is described in greater detail below, the present invention provides a body gesture control system for operating electrical and electronic devices. A gesture change detection unit is provided to process body gesture images to precisely recognize a body gesture in such a way as to mitigate and overcome the above problem.

Body gesture control system for operating electrical and electronic devices

National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology


A new and distinct cultivar of Hypericum plant named ‘SMHKBF’, characterized by its compact and uniformly low mounding plant habit; blue-colored leaves; freely flowering habit; bright yellow-colored flowers; and good garden performance.

The present invention relates to a new and distinct Hypericum plant, botanically known as Hypericum kalmianum and hereinafter referred to by the name 'SMHKBF'.
The new Hypericum plant is a product of a planned breeding program conducted by the Inventor in Grand Haven, Mich. The objective of the breeding program is to create new compact Hypericum plants with uniform plant habit and unique leaf color.
The new Hypericum plant originated from an open-pollination during the summer of 2007 in Grand Haven, Mich. of Hypericum kalmianum 'Very Blue', not patented, as the female, or seed parent with an unknown selection of Hypericum kalmianum, as the male, or pollen, parent. The new Hypericum plant was discovered and selected by the Inventor as a single flowering plant within the progeny of the stated open-pollination in a controlled environment in Grand Haven, Mich. in early 2009.
Asexual reproduction of the new Hypericum plant by softwood cuttings in Grand Haven, Mich., since the June, 2009 has shown that the unique features of this new Hypericum plant are stable and reproduced true to type in successive generations.


Refined searching based on detected object configurations is provided by training a machine learning model to identify non-naturally occurring object configurations, acquiring images of an initial search area based on scanning it using a camera-equipped autonomous aerial vehicle operating in accordance with an initial automated flight plan defining the initial search area, analyzing the acquired images using the trained machine learning model and identifying that an object configuration is a non-naturally occurring object configuration, then based on identifying the non-naturally occurring object configuration, refining the initial automated flight plan to obtain a modified automated flight plan defining a different search area as compared to the initial search area, and initiating autonomous aerial scanning of the different search area in accordance with the modified automated flight plan.

A factor in locating an individual in a geographic area, such as a large park, forest, mountain range, or the like, is setting a search area (sometimes referred to as a search grid) that guides the search for the individual. When the individual goes missing in an area, particularly a wilderness area, it is often a time-sensitive matter to locate that individual. A conventional approach is to use search and rescue foot teams to search for the individual. Some approaches use aerial crews of helicopters or other aircraft piloted by searchers, and/or uncrewed aerial vehicles (autonomous aerial vehicles, commonly referred to as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or drones) as a viewing platform for searching for the individual.

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION


Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method and apparatus for configuring a security carrier, including: adding a carrier batch field to a security carrier list, encoding, for each security carrier in the security carrier list, a plurality of pieces of batch feature information of the security carrier according to a preset encoding rule, so as to generate carrier batch information of each security carrier, and to add same to the security carrier list; and then, according to identifier information and the carrier batch information of each security carrier, configuring a supplementary security domain, a card application, an application installation package and an application provider that need to be preset for each security carrier. Since the carrier batch information contains a plurality of pieces of batch feature information of the security carrier, security carriers in the security carrier list can be effectively distinguished according to the identifier information and the carrier batch information of the security carriers, thus a plurality of preset items that need to be preset for a plurality of security carriers having the same carrier batch information can be configured, so as to improve configuration efficiency for the security carriers.

Currently, various types of IC (Integrated Circuit) cards (such as bank cards, transportation cards, etc.) are becoming more and more widely used in people's lives. With continuous development of Internet technology and mobile applications, various types of Internet shopping scenarios are becoming increasingly popular. Traditional ways to issue physical IC cards over the counter cannot meet people's needs, and people need to apply for IC cards in real time for mobile payments without geographical restrictions. Thus, an over-the-air card issuing service has emerged.
In the over-the-air card issuing service, various types of card issuers issue virtual IC cards by accessing a TSM (Trusted Service Management) platform. Users submit card applications via Internet, and the users download the virtual IC cards to security carriers of smart phones or other types of smart terminals after the applications are approved, thereby making the mobile payments.
In current technologies, before various types of card issuers issue the virtual IC cards via system platforms, the security carrier issuers need to configure the security carriers, including a supplementary security domain, a card application, an application installation package, and an application provider. However, due to different service scenarios, the supplementary security domains, the card applications, the application installation packages, and the application providers have their own configuration rules. For example, different security carrier manufacturers have different configuration requirements for the supplementary security domains of different partners; different security carrier issuers also have different configuration requirements for different card applications or application installation packages. Also, some application providers may require the security carrier issuer to customize the security carriers, and the customized security carrier can only download the card application of the application provider. Therefore, security carrier configuration is very complicated, and configuration efficiency is relatively low.
Thus, currently, a method for configuring security carrier is needed to solve technical problems of complicated security carrier configuration and low configuration efficiency in the current technologies.

Method and apparatus for configuring security carrier


A method for operating a tool in a working environment is provided. Firstly, a website-based working environment for operating a unified tool is provided in a browser. A software development kit is used as at least one standard interface of transmitting data and/or commands between the working environment and a unified inline frame. The software development kit is compatibly executed between the working environment and the unified inline frame. Then, the unified tool is operated in the working environment as the inline frame which is loaded with an adapter is loaded. The adapter is produced as a software module which is the integration of an original tool incompatible with the working environment and the standard interface. The original tool is executed by the working environment through the standard interface.

In today's convenience daily life, people are accustomed to use an electronic device with computational capability to achieve various kinds of applications. For example, these applications include working, file processing, entertainment, social communication, and so on. With development of science and technology, information can be propagated more quickly. Accordingly, various web platforms, operating systems and software tools have been developed for people to use, and brought more efficient lives to the users. Especially in the post-PC era, the conventional desktop computers, tablet computers, mobile phones or other mobile devices allow people to visit the websites all over the world through the browsers therein and through internet whenever and wherever they are.
With increasing development of internet, numerous webpage developing technologies have been provided for popular applications. However, since the applications are more diverse, some incompatible problems occur. For example, a tool implemented with one framework (e.g., Angular JS) is difficult to compatibly operate in a working environment which is implemented with another framework (e.g., Famous JS) without any modification. Consequently, the tool cannot be effectively executed in the incompatible working environment. Moreover, since the tools or working environments written in different frameworks have different architectures, different naming rules or even naming conflict, it is difficult to integrate the tools with the working environments.
Moreover, although the tool and the working environment written in the same framework are compatible with each other and the tool can be executed in the working environment, some problems possibly occur. For example, someone may take an unscrupulous action (e.g., an action of stealing data or an action of jumping the webpage to another website) through the tool. In other words, there is a threat to the information security.
Therefore, there is a need of providing a method for allowing the tool written in any framework to be operated in any working environment while eliminating the threat to the information security.

Method for operating tool in working environment and machine using such method


A cabinet includes a front panel, a rear panel defining a plurality of vent ports, and a top wall defining a plurality of apertures therein adjacent to the front panel. A rack having a plurality of shelves is mounted in the cabinet for holding electronic devices. At least one intake fan is installed on a top portion of the cabinet below the apertures of the top wall, and at least one exhaust fan installed on a bottom portion of the cabinet adjacent to the rear panel. The intake fan directs airflow downward into the cabinet for cooling the electronic devices. The exhaust fan directs airflow heated-exchanged with the electronic devices out of the cabinet via the vent ports of the rear panel.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to cabinets for electronic devices, and more particularly to a cabinet having a cooling system for electronic devices.
2. Description of related art
Electronic devices, such as servers, are frequently housed in modular form in a standardized enclosure, and are generally rack-mounted in a cabinet. In order to dissipate the heat produced by the electronic devices, the devices are equipped with at least one fan, and air inlet and outlet ports are defined in a front or a back wall of the enclosure. A plurality of vent openings is defined in a front door of the cabinet, and a plurality of fans is installed in a middle portion of a top wall of the cabinet for drawing heated air produced by the electronic devices out. However, because the fans are installed in the top of the cabinet, and the electronic devices are rack-mounted below the fans, the heated air produced by lower positioned electronic devices is blocked by higher positioned electronic devices, and the heated air is difficult to be drawn out.
What is needed, therefore, is a cabinet having an effective cooling system for electronic devices.

Hong Fu Jin Precision Industry (ShenZhen) Co., Ltd.


A connector device includes a connector and a slider inserted into the connector. A terminal pressing portion of the slider is configured to press a terminal contact portion of a terminal of the connector before a tip end of a flat circuit body of the slider reaches a position of a tip end of the terminal in an insertion process of the terminal pressing portion into a slider fitting chamber of the connector.

1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to a connector device which is used for the electrical connection with a flat circuit body such as a flexible flat cable.
2. Related Art
As a connector device, various connector devices for connection between a circuit on a circuit board and a flat circuit body such as a flexible flat cable (FFC) or a flexible printed circuit (FPC) with electric wires have been suggested (refer to Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2005-78842 and Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2002-141127). An example related to this type of connector device is illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 4.
As illustrated in FIG. 1, a connector device 100 includes a connector 101 fixed onto a circuit board (not illustrated) and a slider 120 fitted to the connector 101 through sliding insertion.
As illustrated in FIG. 2, the connector 101 includes a connector housing 102 and a plurality of terminals 110. The connector housing 102 includes a slider fitting chamber 103 into which an insertion guide portion 122 of the slider 120 is inserted, and a plurality of terminal accommodation chambers 104 which are arranged in parallel at intervals in a direction orthogonal to an insertion direction of the insertion guide portion 122. The slider fitting chamber 103 is open to the outside by an insertion opening 103a. Each of the terminal accommodation chambers 104 is formed to surround the upper, lower, and inner peripheries of the slider fitting chamber 103. Each of the terminal accommodation chambers 104 is open to the upper surface, the lower surface, and the inner surface of the slider fitting chamber 103. A press-fitting wall portion 105 is provided in each of the terminal accommodation chambers 104 of the connector housing 102.
The terminal 110 includes a first connection portion 111 connected to a contact point (not illustrated) of a circuit board side and a second connection portion 112 connected to a contact point (not illustrated) of a flat circuit body 130. The first connection portion 111 is disposed on the outer side of the connector housing 102. The first connection portion 111 is connected to the contact point (not illustrated) of the circuit board side by soldering. The second connection portion 112 includes an interposed press-fitting portion 113 and a terminal contact portion 114 which are disposed at an interval therebetween. The terminal 110 is fixed to the connector housing 102 by the interposed press-fitting portion 113 being press-fitted between the press-fitting wall portion 105 and an upper surface wall portion 102a. The interposed press-fitting portion 113 and the terminal contact portion 114 are disposed at the upper and lower positions of the terminal accommodation chamber 104 and are disposed to oppose each other with the slider fitting chamber 103 interposed therebetween.
The terminal contact portion 114 includes a contact protrusion 114a which protrudes toward the slider fitting chamber 103. A tapered surface 114c is formed from the contact protrusion 114a to a tip end 114b. The terminal contact portion 114 is disposed in the terminal accommodation chamber 104 in a state where the contact protrusion 114a protrudes toward the slider fitting chamber 103.
As illustrated in FIG. 3, the slider 120 includes a slider body 121 and a pressing cover 125 which causes the tip end of the flat circuit body 130 to be interposed between the bottom surface of the slider body 121 and the pressing cover 125.
The slider body 121 includes the insertion guide portion 122 inserted into the slider fitting chamber 103. The tip end of the insertion guide portion 122 is provided with a terminal pressing portion 123 which protrudes downward. The terminal pressing portion 123 has a tapered surface 123a formed on the lower surface thereof. The flat circuit body 130 is disposed along the bottom surface of the slider body 121 so that a tip end 130a (see FIGS. 4A and 4B) of the flat circuit body 130 is positioned on the rear end of the tapered surface 123a.
The pressing cover 125 fixes the flat circuit body 130 at a position in front of a contact point position of the flat circuit body 130.
In the above-described configuration, the insertion guide portion 122 of the slider 120 is inserted into the slider fitting chamber 103 from the insertion opening 103a of the connector 101. As illustrated in FIG. 4A, the tapered surface 123a of the terminal pressing portion 123 then abuts on the contact protrusion 114a of the terminal 110 which protrudes toward the slider fitting chamber 103, and the terminal contact portion 114 is elastically deformed in the depth direction of the terminal accommodation chamber 104 by the pressing force, which allows the insertion of the insertion guide portion 122. The terminal contact portion 114 is gradually displaced in the depth direction of the terminal accommodation chamber 104 by following the tapered surface 123a of the terminal pressing portion 123. In addition, even when the tip end 130a of the flat circuit body 130 is slightly lowered from the bottom surface of the insertion guide portion 122, the tapered surface 123a of the terminal pressing portion 123 takes the tip end 130a of the flat circuit body 130 onto the lower surface of the flat circuit body 130 and slides thereon. When the insertion guide portion 122 is inserted to an insertion completion position, the contact protrusion 114a of the terminal contact portion 114 comes in pressure contact with the contact point (not illustrated) of the flat circuit body 130 by the elastic restoring force.


A multilayered or tubular, woven artificial ligament contains distinct regions, each of which has physical properties suited to the function to be served. An intra-articular region is characterized by a woven structure, a high elongation under load and a degree of elasticity, similar to that of natural ligaments. A region which resides in a tunnel bored into a bone is characterized by a low elongation under load and a degree of porosity which promotes boney attachment of the ligament to the host bone. The artificial ligaments are woven from low elongation yarns, and the properties of the different regions of the ligaments are achieved through careful control of the weaving conditions and post-weaving, heat-setting treatments.

This invention relates to artificial ligaments. In a particular aspect, the invention relates to woven artificial ligaments for replacement of the cruciate ligaments of the knee.
The use of synthetic fibers for the construction of prosthetic ligaments and tendons is well-known. These fibers are usually woven or braided into a cylindrical tube or cord structure, which is designed to mimic the flexibility, load-percent elongation and strength characteristics of the natural ligament. The woven structure also provides a porous matrix for tissue and bone ingrowth and anchorage to the bone.
Current surgical procedures for implantation of prosthetic ligaments usually involve boring tunnels through the articular ends of the bones, passing the prosthetic ligament through these tunnels, and anchoring them to the outside of the bone using staples, screws or the like. See FIG. 1. Such prosthetic ligaments generally must meet a wide range of performance requirements, including biocompatibility, high fatigue life, and mechanical properties appropriate to stabilize the involved joint. Currently available prosthetic ligaments do not possess mechanical properties similar to natural ligaments.
Artificial ligaments implanted by the above-described procedure can be divided into several distinct regions. Each of these regions poses specific design problems and requirements. The intra-articular region is that segment of the ligament which lies between the articular ends of the bones. This region advantageously is of minimal cross-sectional area and exhibits flexural properties and stress-strain behavior similar to that of the natural ligament being replaced. In addition, this region preferably has an ultimate tensile strength higher than that of the natural ligament. The intra-articular region includes the portions of the ligament which contact the entrances to the bone tunnels. Thus, this region should also exhibit a high degree of abrasion resistance.
The tunnel region of the artificial ligament is in direct contact with the bored tunnels in the bone. Important considerations for this region include the ability to be closely conformed to the shape of the bone tunnel, a minimal elongation under load, and an appropriate degree of porosity. All of these features enhance the propensity for bone ingrowth and hence permanent and strong fixation of the device to the bone.
The end regions of the artificial ligament provide a site for mechanical attachment of the ligament to the bones. A secure mechanical attachment is important to provide a stable configuration until permanent fixation through tissue and bone ingrowth has occurred. These regions should be quite stiff (minimal elongation under load) and preferably should include features which expedite temporary fixation by staples, screws or other fasteners.
Various designs have been proposed for meeting the rigorous requirements of a prosthetic ligament. For example, Rothermel et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,255,820, describe an artificial ligament woven from polyester textile fibers. This artificial ligament, which is tubular in shape, is divided into three zones: zone A is the center segment of the ligament which lies between the articular bone ends; zone B is a transitional region where the ligament enters the bone tunnels; and zone C is the region which resides in the bone tunnels. The Rothermel ligament does not have a segment for mechanical attachment to the bone, but instead, relies entirely on anchorage by tissue and bone ingrowth.
The various zones of the Rothermel ligament are characterized by different diameters and porosities. The differences in porosity are achieved by varying the weave structure along the longitudinal axis of the ligament. The center section (zone A) has a very tightly woven structure to prevent tissue ingrowth. This section is said to be "elastic, having an elongation factor of between 4% and 6% of its length." Rothermel et al. do not define the terms, "elastic" and "elongation factor." The center section may also contain a rubber or Dacron core to provide stress relief. The transitional zone has an intermediate pore size to permit soft tissue ingrowth, but not bone ingrowth. The end zones are flared to allow insertion of an autogenous bone graft and to resist extraction into the joint space when under stress. The end zones are relatively loosely woven to create an increased porosity conducive to bone ingrowth.
Varying weave densities and pore sizes, using the same types of fibers throughout the length of the synthetic ligament, as described by Rothermel et al., is said to enable the zones to function differently in regard to wear, fraying, fatigue, and anchoring. However, the extent of differences in physical characteristics which can be achieved using this technique is limited. A need exists for a prosthetic ligament which has different zones whose physical properties are tailored to the particular function they are to serve in the body.

Artificial ligament of differential weave structure


A method of identifying item selection by a user, the method comprising: receiving signals at a receiver of a fixed terminal from a transmitter of a mobile terminal associated with the user, generating a signature at the receiver of the fixed terminal of the movement of the user based on changes in the signals received from the transmitter, matching the signature with prior stored movement information to determine the movement of the user, and identifying the item being selected by the user based on the determined movement of the user.

Conventional methods for detecting the location and item selection or movement may utilise camera based systems. Alternatively, barcode/QR code or Radio-frequency identification (RFID) scanners may be employed but are cumbersome or costly to deploy and use.
Visual object detection techniques are conventionally used for retail and other application scenarios to determine selection of items by users. However, such techniques rely on unobstructed visual tracking via multiple cameras. Alternatively, individual scanning of items is required using barcode/QR code or RFID tags.
Recent advances in visual object detection and tracking technologies for situation awareness, in retail and other sectors, have made it possible to use multiple cameras in order to track people and items. However, such approaches require significant amounts of fixed infrastructure to be deployed with the associated high complexity. Alternative approaches that use local scanning or barcode/QR code or RFID tags on items are cumbersome to perform due to the close proximity needed between the scanner and item or the backscatter interference when multiple tags are within the scanner range.
To solve these prior problems some techniques utilise cameras that support infrared depth and optical sensing or multi-mode/frequency tags. For instance, multi-frequency RFID tags with multiple scanners may be used to overcome backscatter interference by resolving the backscatter signals from each tag using different frequencies and spatial separation of scanners. Alternatively, with infrared depth image cameras it is possible to identify objects by their 3D shapes. They can also detect whether an item is being held or not by also identifying hands and other body parts of users.
However, these prior approaches to solving the problems rely on deploying more infrastructure with more modes of operation or using more complex tags and scanning which may be both undesirable.

Identification of selected items through radiolocation and movement detection


An assembly for selectively supplying particulate material to an air seeder, an agricultural implement able to selectively supply and dispense particulate material into the ground and a method of selectively dispensing particulate material into the ground are provided. The assembly has at least one supply receptacle for receiving particulate material from a source and a metering roller for supplying the material to an air seeder. The assembly is operative to selectively supply the material to the air seeder and prevent the material from being supplied to the air seeder. The implement can use the assembly to selectively supply particulate material to ground engaging openers where the particulate material will be dispensed into the ground. Particulate material can be selectively supplied to the implement when it is desired to have the particulate material dispensed into the ground and then prevented from being supplied to the implement when it is not desirable.

Air seeders/fertilizer apparatus are commonly used in agricultural operations to apply particulate materials including one or more of the following, namely seed, fertilizer and/or innoculants into soil during the planting operation. These apparatus are often comprised of a wheeled cart that includes one or more tanks and meters to both hold and meter particulate materials. The metered particulate material is delivered to the soil through pneumatic pipes that attach to ground-engaging openers which engage soil and permit delivery of particulate material such as seed or fertilizer to furrows which are created in such soil by the ground-engaging openers.
Historically, farm sizes have increased and likewise field sizes have increased. As Such, the necessary seeding/fertilizing equipment has become larger and more efficient. However, larger equipment proves to be difficult when attempting to seed/fertilize a smaller piece of land within a larger piece of land, or a piece of land with an irregular shape such as a triangle. When seeding, these land irregularities create a significant overlap in the area of soil being seeded and/or fertilized. As a result, the cost expended on seed and fertilizer is in excess of what is necessary for proper seeding and fertilizing. Additionally, over-fertilization and/or over-seeding of an area causes the crop to lodge and not ripen at the appropriate time causing harvest problems and losses in yield. The accumulative effect of the seeding and fertilizing overlapping in small sections over many fields can become a very significant expense to a farmer.
Prior art implements have sought to remedy this situation by implementing a metering device in the seeder that can apply a specific quantity of seed per linear distance. However, the prior art has not resolved the problem that double seeding can occur when the land seeded is too narrow or odd shaped for the seeding device. Further, the prior art has not resolved the problem that even though the meter has been turned off, ground-engaging openers are still engaging the ground and destroying the seed bed. This causes the seeded area which is overlapped to be destroyed by the ground-engaging openers resulting in uneven germination causing further problems with a poor crop and an uneven harvest in these areas.
Canadian Patent 2,503,174 provides for a multi-compartment air seeding system where each compartment is assigned to a selected air stream based on the volume or type of seed and fertilizer required for a specific crop. A metering assembly is provided which comprises a metering house 80 for receiving the seed or fertilizer material as well as a metering roller for metering the material. Metering cells then collect the material for seeding. Diverter plates are also provided to move front and backwards to open and close the tops of either the front and rear material cells.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,980,163 further provides a distribution manifold for an air seeder for dispensing product, Further, it provides by-passed ports and venturi ports, the venturi ports making up the row of ports in which product from the product tank associated with the primary distribution manifold is to be deposited. The by-pass ports make up the remainder of rows in the primary distribution manifold. If the venturi ports do not make up the top row of ports in the primary distribution manifold, product from the associated product tank flows through rows of by-pass ports until the product encounters a row of venturi ports. Following entering into the venturi ports, product is carried by the pneumatic distribution system to the tillage. This device promotes a smooth flow of metered product as well as allowing the operator to adapt the pneumatic distribution system for varying configurations.
Although both of the above prior art devices disclose air seeders that allow for metered seeding or fertilizing, neither of the above devices disclose a device that is both able to selectively obstruct a portion of the meter, as well as lift the corresponding ground-engaging openers, thus, preventing double seeding and the destruction of the seed bed.
Consequently, there is a need for an air seeding system that can combine the closing of part of the meter and lifting the corresponding ground-engaging opener.

Sectional meter shut-off and agricultural implement having sectional meter shut-off


A signal processing device for processing a signal of a reflected wave which is a wave reflected in a medium and is received by a receiver, when a wave propagating through the medium is continuously transmitted by a transmitter. The signal processing device includes: an estimation unit configured to estimate a lower limit distance of a detection distance range for which an intensity level of a scattered wave from the medium in the detection distance range is equal to or smaller than an allowable level; and a scattering reduction unit configured to remove, from a signal of the reflected wave received, a signal of the scattered wave from the medium in a masking region from the receiver to the lower limit distance to perform output.

A target detection device is known example of detecting a target by using a wave such as a sound wave, a radio wave, or a light wave, as in a sonar system, a radar system, or a lidar system. The system uses pulse transmission in which a transmitter transmits a wave, and after a lapse of predetermined time, transmits a wave again. Pulse transmission clarifies at which time point the wave corresponding to a reflected wave from the target is transmitted, and further, can remove influence due to scattering from a medium near the transmitter.
In a case of continuously detecting a target, the transmitter continuously transmits a wave. In this case, in order to determine at which time point the wave corresponding to a reflected wave from the target is transmitted, the transmitter modulates and transmits a wave. In order to reduce influence of scattering from a medium near the transmitter, it is necessary to install a receiver and the transmitter at a predetermined distance apart, as described in PTL 1, or to change a beam shape or a direction of a beam of the transmitter or the receiver by using adaptive beamforming.
However, when the transmitter and the receiver cannot be installed at a predetermined distance apart, influence of the scattering cannot be reduced sufficiently. In some cases, changing a beam shape does not cause to sufficiently reduce influence of the scattering. Further, in a case of changing a direction of a beam, a reflected wave from a target becomes small, and a target cannot be detected.
PTL 2 describes, as a method of avoiding influence of scattering from a medium, a method of separating from the scattering from the medium a reflected wave from a target by using Doppler shifting of a frequency of the reflected wave from the target in a case where the target is moving. PTL 3 describes that a covering state of a ground is recognized based on a difference between two scattered waves produced by reflection of two radio waves having different polarization properties.
Besides, the PTL 4 describes, as a technology of avoiding influence of a scattered wave, a technology of irradiating a ground with a microwave to find correlation between a backward scattering coefficient of a radar image and a vegetation ground. PTL 5 describes a technology of changing transmission electric power of a modulated pulse signal, depending on a distance to a target, in order to avoid a reception signal failure due to a modulated pulse signal. PTL 6 describes a technology of separating a scattered wave from a mixed wave of a progressive wave advancing toward a target in a medium and a forward scattered wave scattered forward from the target, to search for the target. PTL 7 describes a technology of changing reception sensitivity, depending on delay time of reception, to detect a target by using an underground radar.

Signal processing device, signal processing method, recording medium, target detection device, and target detection method


Method, system and program products for screening a program of a computing environment for debug processing are presented which employ a table that contains information identifying at least some program areas of storage of the computing environment where programs to be debugged may reside and information identifying programs of the computing environment to be excluded from debugging. After detecting a debug trigger point during execution of a program, screening is accomplished by referencing the table to first ascertain whether the trigger point is within a program area of storage meaning that the program under execution may comprise an application program to be debugged, and if so, referencing the table to determine whether the program has been explicitly excluded from the debug processing. If not excluded, debug processing may proceed.

This invention relates in general to debugging of programs in a production computing environment, and more particularly, to a facility for screening a program of the computing environment for debug processing upon detection of an instruction trigger point during execution of the program.
Traditional debug facilities allow a programmer to specify an instruction address in storage where the debugger is to stop program execution and examine the environment. This instruction address is referred to as a trigger point. Unfortunately, if the trigger point is outside of the debug path, or is part of operating system code, then debug and system processing performance are degraded by the instruction trigger point causing the system to unnecessarily stop processing. This is particularly troublesome when debugging production application programs, where the debugger function is typically set to trigger on each instruction that is executed and present the execution information back to the user.
Thus, there is a need in the art for a technique to initially differentiate between instructions in the application programs and instructions in the operating system""s service routines that are used by the application programs. It is believed desirable, for performance reasons, to not trigger on instructions in the operating system code.
Briefly summarized, the invention comprises in one aspect, a method of evaluating a program of a computing environment for debugging. The method includes defining a table, wherein the table contains at least one of information identifying at least some areas of main storage of the computing environment where programs to be debugged may reside, or information identifying at least one program of the computing environment to be excluded from debugging. Upon detecting a debug trigger point during execution of the program, the method further includes referencing the table to ascertain at least one of whether the trigger point is within a program area of the storage of the computing environment, or referencing the table to determine whether the trigger point is included within a program to be excluded from debugging.
In an enhanced embodiment, the table contains both information identifying at least some areas of storage of the computing environment where programs to be debugged may reside and information identifying at least one program of the computing environment to be excluded from debugging. In operation, the table is referenced to initially determine whether the executing program is within a program area of main storage where an application program may reside, and if so, the table is referenced again to determine whether the executing program has been excluded from the debug process. If the executing program is outside of areas in storage where application programs may reside, or has been specifically listed for exclusion from debugging, then the debug process is terminated notwithstanding detection of a debug trigger point.
System and computer program products corresponding to the above-summarized methods are also described and claimed.
To restate, presented herein is a facility for screening an executed program upon detection of a debug trigger point in order to eliminate non-application programs from full debug processing. The facility presented herein automatically defines application programs for inclusion in the debug process, thereby relieving a user of the tedious and error prone process of manually keeping track of which processes should be excluded from the debug process. Further, application program areas and/or excluded programs identified in the debug table may be readily modified without changing the basic program evaluation approach or the debug process. The facility herein can be employed with any conventional hooked or hookless debug process.
Additional features and advantages are realized through the techniques of the present invention. Other embodiments and aspects of the invention are described in detail herein and are considered a part of the claimed invention.

Facility for evaluating a program for debugging upon detection of a debug trigger point

International Business Machines Corporation


An apparatus for cooling an electronic device that includes a fluid heat exchanger, a chiller, and a pump. The fluid heat exchanger transfers heat from a hot portion of the surface of the electronic device to a fluid and has a body through which the fluid may be circulated. The body has a protrusion having a first surface that may be thermally coupled to the hot portion such that the surface of the body is sufficiently distant from the surface of the electronic device that sufficient ambient air may circulate therebetween so as to substantially prevent condensation from forming on the surface of the electronic device and from forming on and dripping from the heat exchanger when the fluid is cooled to at least the dew point of the ambient air and circulated through the body. A heat-conducting path is provided from the first surface to a region of the body that is thermally coupled to the fluid when the fluid is circulated through the body. The chiller circulates the fluid through a chiller and the fluid heat exchanger.

This application is related to a commonly-owned application, filed on or about Dec. 17, 2001, entitled xe2x80x9cInverterxe2x80x9d, having application number (to be assigned), which is incorporated herein by reference.
The invention relates to the field of cooling electronic devices and, in particular, to using circulating fluids to cool microprocessors, graphics processors, and other computer components.
Microprocessor dies typically used in personal computers are packaged in ceramic packages that have a lower surface provided with a large number of electrical contacts (e.g., pins) for connection to a socket mounted to a circuit board of a personal computer and an upper surface for thermal coupling to a heat sink. In the following description, a die and its package are referred to collectively as a microprocessor.
Elevation views of typical designs for heat sinks suggested by Intel Corporation for its Pentium(copyright) III microprocessor are shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B.
In FIG. 1A, a passive heat sink indicated generally by reference numeral 110 is shown. The passive heat sink 110 comprises a thermal plate 112 from the upper surface of which a number of fins, one of which is indicated by reference numeral 114, protrude perpendicularly. The passive heat sink 110 is shown in FIG. 1A installed upon a microprocessor generally indicated by reference numeral 118. The microprocessor 118 is comprised of a die 116 and a package 120. The die 116 protrudes from the upper surface of the package 120. The lower surface of the package 120 is plugged into a socket 122, which is in turn mounted on a circuit board (not shown). The passive heat sink 110 is installed by bringing the lower surface of the thermal plate 112 into contact with the exposed surface of the die 116. When installed and operated as recommended by the manufacturer, ambient airflow passes between the fins in the direction shown by an arrow 124 in FIG. 1A.
In FIG. 1B, an active heat sink, indicated generally by reference numeral 126, is shown. The active heat sink 126 comprises a thermal plate 128 from the upper surface of which a number of fins 130 protrude perpendicularly. A fan 132 is mounted above the fins 130. The active heat sink 126 is shown in FIG. 1B installed upon a microprocessor, generally indicated by reference numeral 136, which is comprised of a die 134 and a package 138. The die 134 protrudes from the upper surface of the package 138. The lower surface of the package 138 is plugged into a socket 140, which is in turn mounted on a circuit board (not shown). The active heat sink 126 is installed by bringing the lower surface of the thermal plate 128 into contact with the exposed surface of the die 134. When installed and operated as recommended by the manufacturer, ambient air is forced between the fins 130 in the direction shown by an arrow 142 in FIG. 1B.
A difficulty with the cooling provided by the heat sinks shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B is that at best the temperature of the thermal plates 112, 128 can only approach the ambient air temperature. If the microprocessor 118, 136 is operated at a high enough frequency, the die 116, 134 can become so hot that it is difficult to maintain a safe operating temperature at the die 116, 134 using air cooling in the manner shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B.
Liquid cooling, which is inherently more efficient due to the greater heat capacity of liquids, has been proposed for situations in which air cooling in the manner illustrated in FIGS. 1A and 1B is inadequate. In a typical liquid cooling system, such as that illustrated in FIG. 1C, a heat conductive block 144 having internal passages or a cavity (not shown) replaces the thermal plate 128 in FIG. 1B. The block 144 has an inlet and an outlet, one of which is visible and indicated by reference numeral 146 in FIG. 1C. Liquid is pumped into the block 144 through the inlet and passes out of the block 144 through the outlet to a radiator or chiller (not shown) located at some distance from the block 144. The block 144 is shown in FIG. 1C installed upon a microprocessor generally indicated by reference numeral 148, which is comprised of a die 150 and a package 152. The die 150 protrudes from the upper surface of the package 152. The lower surface of the package 152 is plugged into a socket 154, which is in turn mounted on a circuit board (not shown). The block 144 is installed by bringing its lower surface into contact with the exposed surface of the die 150.
In all liquid cooling systems known to the inventor, only a small portion of the lower surface of the block 144 comes into contact with the die 150. Since the die 150 protrudes above the upper surface of the package 152, a gap 156 remains between the upper surface of the package 152 and the block 144. If the gap 156 is not filled with insulation and sealed, convective and radiative heat transfer from the package 152 to the block 144 may occur. This will have no serious consequences so long as the block 144 is not cooled below the dew point of the air in the gap 156. If the liquid pumped through block 144 is only cooled by a radiator, then that liquid and consequently the block 144, can only approach the ambient air temperature. However, if a chiller is used to cool the liquid, then the temperature of the block 144 can decrease below the ambient air temperature, which may allow condensation to form on the package 152 or the block 144. Such condensation, if not removed, can cause electrical shorts, which may possibly destroy the microprocessor 148.
Current solutions to the condensation problem referred to above include (1) controlling the chiller so that the temperature of the block 144 does not decrease below the dew point of the air in the gap 156 or (2) providing sufficient insulation and sealing material to prevent condensation from forming or to at least prevent any condensation that does form from reaching critical portions of the microprocessor 148 or surrounding circuit elements. Placing a lower limit on the temperature of the chiller limits the amount of heat that can effectively be removed from the microprocessor 148 without using bulky components. Further, the operating temperature of the microprocessor 148 can only approach the temperature of the block 144; operation at lower temperatures may be desirable in many circumstances. Alternatively, if insulation and sealing is used, trained technicians must do the installation properly if the installation is to be effective. If the insulation or seals fail, condensation can occur and cause catastrophic failure of the personal computer. A simpler, more reliable solution to the condensation problem is needed.
In one aspect the invention provides a heat exchanger for extracting heat from an electronic device, such as a microprocessor, through a hot portion of the surface of the electronic device. The heat exchanger has a body through which a fluid may be circulated. The body has a protrusion having a first surface that may be thermally coupled to the hot portion of the electronic device. A heat-conducting path is provided from the first surface to a region of the body that is thermally coupled to the fluid when the fluid is circulated through the body. Preferably, when the first surface is thermally coupled to the hot portion, the surface of the body is sufficiently distant from the surface of said electronic device other than the hot portion that sufficient ambient air may circulate therebetween so as to substantially prevent condensation from forming on the surface of said electronic device and from forming on and dripping from the heat exchanger when said fluid is cooled to at least the dew point of the ambient air and circulated through the body.
In another aspect the invention provides a heat exchanger for extracting heat from an electronic device through a hot portion of the surface of the electronic device. The heat exchanger includes a body that may be cooled by a circulating fluid and a conduit for circulating the cooling fluid. The body has a first surface that may be thermally coupled to the hot portion of the electronic device and a heat-conducting path from the first surface to a portion of the body that is thermally coupled to the fluid when the fluid is circulated. Preferably, when the first surface is thermally coupled to the hot portion, the surface of the body other than the first surface and the conduit are sufficiently distant from the surface of the electronic device other than the hot portion that sufficient ambient air may circulate therebetween so as to substantially prevent condensation from forming on the surface of the electronic device and from forming on and dripping from the heat exchanger when the fluid is cooled to at least the dew point of the ambient air and circulated.
In another aspect the invention provides an apparatus for extracting heat from an electronic device, such as a microprocessor. The apparatus includes a first fluid heat exchanger for transferring heat from a hot portion of the surface of the electronic device to a fluid, a chiller for chilling the fluid, and a pump for circulating said fluid through said chiller and said first fluid heat exchanger. The first fluid heat exchanger includes a body through which the fluid may be circulated. The body has a protrusion having a first surface that may be thermally coupled to the hot portion. Preferably, when the first surface is thermally coupled to the hot portion, the surface of the body is sufficiently distant from the surface of the electronic device other than the hot portion that sufficient ambient air may circulate therebetween so as to substantially prevent condensation from forming on the surface of said electronic device and from forming on and dripping from the heat exchanger when the fluid is cooled to at least the dew point of the ambient air and circulated through the body. A heat-conducting path is provided from the first surface to a region of the body that is thermally coupled to the fluid when the fluid is circulated through the body.


Systems and methods are described for implementing an improved rendering engine for rendering network content that utilizes a shared memory block. A client computing device executes a browser software application that generates a document object model (“DOM”) tree. The improved rendering engine analyzes the DOM tree and identifies repeating patterns of nodes or branches whose content is rendered to a separate memory block. The improved rendering engine generates a shared memory block for the repeating nodes and implements a separate drawing space for each node on the shared memory block. Each node on the shared memory block may have a coordinate translation function to relate the node position on the shared memory block to a corresponding position in a composite memory block. Additionally, transformations and filters may be applied to the shared memory block as a whole, rather than applying them to the nodes individually.

Generally described, computing devices and communication networks can be utilized to exchange information. In a common application, a computing device can request content from another computing device via the communication network. For example, a user at a personal computing device can utilize a software application process, typically referred to as a browser, to request a Web page from a server computing device via the Internet. In such embodiments, the user computing device can be referred to as a client computing device, and the server computing device can be referred to as a content provider.
Once the client computing device obtains the Web page, the content may be processed in a number of stages by the software browser application or other client computing device interface. For example, the browser may parse the Web page to process various Hypertext Markup Language ("HTML") layout information and references to associated resources, may identify and process Cascading Style Sheets ("CSS") information, may process various scripts associated with the Web page, may construct a native object model to represent one or more components of the Web page, and may calculate various layout and display properties of the processed content for presentation to a user.
From the perspective of a user utilizing a client computing device, a user experience can be defined in terms of the performance and latencies associated with obtaining a Web page, processing embedded resource identifiers, executing script files, and rendering content on the client computing device. Latencies and performance limitations of any of the above processes may diminish the user experience. Additionally, latencies and inefficiencies may be especially apparent on computing devices such as netbooks, tablets, smartphones, and the like, which may have limited resources in terms of processing power, memory, or network connectivity.


Systems, methods, and devices to communicate in a white space are described herein. In some aspects, wireless communication transmitted in the white space authorizes an initial transmission by a device. The wireless communication may include power information for determining a power at which to transmit the initial transmission. The initial transmission may be used to request information identifying one or more channels in the white space available for transmitting data.

1. Field
The present application relates generally to wireless communications, and more specifically to systems, methods, and devices for communicating in a white space. For example, certain aspects herein may relate to communication in a television (TV) white space (TVWS), and to communication of power information for the TVWS.
2. Background
The popularity of high-rate wireless data services is increasing the demand for access to available frequency spectrum by both organized and ad hoc wireless networks. Ability to satisfy the demand is often limited by a lack of available frequency spectrum that may be used for reliable communications within a geographic area. Given the limitations of the natural frequency spectrum and models of licensing spectrum adopted in many countries, it is challenging to accommodate the increasing demand for spectrum access.
In many countries, the available frequency spectrum has been divided into a number of licensed and unlicensed frequency bands. Wireless cellular networks and some television channel transmissions typically operate in a licensed frequency band. For example, a network operator may be a licensee of a particular licensed band. As a licensee, the network operator may be allowed to exclude other potential users, for example so that non-authorized sources of interference are reduced.
A drawback of such licensed spectrum model is that it can lead to under-utilization of certain frequency bands. For example, there may be fewer licensees in certain areas than there are available licenses. Frequencies that are subject to license or otherwise allocated for use, but are unlicensed or unused in a certain area, may be referred to as a white space.
Communicating over one or more channels in the white space may increase the utilization of a frequency band, and/or may increase the efficiency of wireless communications. For example, one or more frequencies in the white space may be chosen for communication in order to take advantage of beneficial properties of the frequencies, and/or to alleviate congestion on other frequencies. Thus, improved systems, methods, and devices for communicating in a white space are desired.

Systems and methods for communication in a white space


An expansion joint lies between a device and pipe and allows for movement at the joint. Embodiments utilize a case pipe, a sliding ring formed to house seals, and a flange that holds the sliding ring in place. A pipe contacts an inner seal inside the sliding ring which is compressed against the pipe beyond its memory and forms a tight seal, yet allows for pipe to move through the apparatus. At least one outer seal is compressed within its memory which allows for rotation of pipe and/or sliding ring relative to the apparatus about the axis of the pipe. Allows for unlimited travel of pipe and unlimited rotation. The apparatus becomes more efficient as contaminants fill the seals. Works below, at and beyond 1300 degree media, for example any liquid or gas. May be disassembled easily maintained.

1. Field of the Invention
Embodiments of the invention described herein pertain to the field of expansion joints. More particularly, but not by way of limitation, one or more embodiments of the invention enable an expansion joint of unlimited expansion and rotation of a pipe coupled to embodiments of the invention while maintaining containment integrity at the joint.
2. Description of the Related Art
There are a number of requirements and/or preferences associated with expansion joints. Expansion joints allow for the movement of a pipe with respect to a device to which the pipe is coupled and are required in some environments, for example power plants for safety and robust delivery of power. There are many other environments where expansion joints are used with pipe including commercial buildings, sewers and dams for example.
Current expansion joints do not allow for unlimited travel of pipe to and from a device and do not allow for unlimited rotation of a pipe with respect to a device. In addition, translational movement of pipe orthogonal to the axis of the pipe with respect to currently available expansion joints is also limited or non-existent depending on the particular joint.
Current expansion joint devices generally involve two types of mechanisms. The two main types of mechanisms used in expansion joints are bellows or a pipe traveling inside another pipe, (or use both methods combined for example). These joints are limited in the amount of travel of the pipe along the pipe axis, rotation about the pipe axis and translation orthogonal to the pipe axis that they can accommodate.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,976,312, to Murphree is an example of a bellows type expansion joint. The joint expands or contracts along the axis of the joint by stretching or compressing the bellows portion of the joint. The bellows must be thin enough to allow for stretching and compress, yet thick enough to withstand the internal pressure within the bellows at the temperature required for the installation. It is rare in the mechanical arts to combine flexibility and strength in one device and expansion joints are an example where this consideration is taken into account. In addition, bellows type expansion joints have a limited number of cycles that they are able to endure before failing. For example a bellows type expansion joint may be rated for 3,000 cycles and fail at 9,000 cycles. Maintenance of these types of joints generally involves cutting pipe and installing a new bellows type expansion joint. Maintenance of such an apparatus is thus an expensive endeavor.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,936,080 to Bennett is an example of a pipe-in-pipe expansion joint. Sleeve 30 fits inside sleeve 34 and allows for horizontal travel of sleeve 30 in and out of sleeve 34. This design makes use of two O-rings inside grooves 42 that are incapable of handling high pressure and/or temperature due to their configuration and materials of construction. Although better O-rings allow for higher temperature and pressure, in general, tightening the O-rings that here contact the pipe, results in less rotation and axial movement in the expansion joint. Translational movement orthogonal to the axis of the pipe is not possible with this type of expansion joint as there is no where for the inner sleeve to move to.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,526,409 to Schaefer is an example of an apparatus that uses both bellows and pipe-in-pipe elements. Sleeves 32 and 37 lie within bellows 12 and the sleeve 32 for example travels in and out of sleeve 37. This patent in effect makes use of both of the design element of the previous two patents described above. In addition, the device limits the length of travel of the two sleeves by employing stop members at the ends of the sleeves that limit the maximum amount of travel permitted by the device. This device suffers from the limitations of both of the previous devices in that the bellows are limited to a number of cycles and provide only limited horizontal travel without enabling unlimited rotation and provide negligible translation movement of the pipe to which the expansion joint is coupled.
For at least the limitations described above there is a need for a penetration slider seal expansion joint apparatus and method that allows for unlimited travel to and from the apparatus, unlimited rotation about the axis of the pipe and a configurable amount of translation movement orthogonal to the axis of the pipe to which the apparatus is coupled.

Penetration slider seal expansion joint apparatus and method


The present invention relates to the furniture field, in particular outdoor furniture; even more particularly, it relates to a kit configuration of a sofa, armchair, chair or similar item of garden furniture or interior furniture and the relative mounting method.

In the above-mentioned field, there is a constant need to always identify new technical solutions that allow to offer significant advantages both from the manufacturer's side (simplification of production methods, reduction and/or better functional management of the warehouse etc.) and from the user's side (greater and easier possibilities for customization, transport convenience, ease of assembly, improved or novel aesthetic results, etc.). Clearly, the two sides are closely related to each other and are reflected in each other, given that, for example, offering better prerogatives in terms of customization determines an advantage for both the user and the producer (generating an incentive to the purchase); or that the improvement of the warehouse management materializes productive economies that affect the sale price, and therefore determine savings for the customer/user; or, moreover, that from a mounting method that the consumer finds particularly simple, there results more efficient management of warehouse spaces, a rationalization of stocks, and economies in transport.
The search for such solutions has to generally take into account the style trends, which require to seek results in which the connection elements that are necessary to a stable and safe assembly of the product, are made as much hidden as possible, in order to achieve aesthetic results which are particularly pleasant in their cleanliness and linearity. Furthermore, it has to be considered the importance of attaining a satisfactory (and possibly high) seating comfort for the user, as well as a relatively basic mounting (and maintenance) operations, that can be performed with common tools by sales personnel lacking particular skills or a high degree of specialization in the field of furniture mounting, but even by the end user himself.
In this context, the outdoor furniture field has featured, in particular, some proposals according to which a piece of furniture such as a chair or a sofa is supplied in separate parts (seat and backrest), provided with quick connection systems (basically snap couplings or the like), to permit a relatively quick assembly of the article even by the user himself. However, to the best of the applicant's knowledge, none of these solutions proved itself capable of ensuring simplicity of assembly, stability and security of the connection, a full reversibility of the latter, and completely satisfactory results in terms of aesthetics.

Sofa, armchair or similar article of furniture in a kit, and mounting method for such article


A method and integrated system are provided for purifying and delivering a metal carbonyl precursor utilized to process a substrate. The method includes providing the metal carbonyl precursor containing un-reacted metal carbonyl precursor and metal-containing impurities in a metal precursor vaporization chamber containing a precursor collection plate, evacuating the metal precursor vaporization chamber, pressurizing the metal precursor vaporization chamber with a CO-containing gas, vaporizing the un-reacted metal carbonyl precursor, and condensing the vaporized un-reacted metal carbonyl precursor as a purified metal carbonyl precursor on the precursor collection plate. The method may further include vaporizing the purified metal carbonyl precursor, and delivering a process gas containing the vapor of the purified metal carbonyl precursor by flowing a gas containing CO through the metal precursor vaporization chamber to a deposition system configured to expose a substrate to the process gas.

Manufacturing of integrated circuits includes deposition of various materials onto patterned substrates such as silicon wafers. These materials include metal and metal-containing layers, for example diffusion barriers/liners to prevent diffusion of copper (Cu) conducting layers into dielectric materials and seed layers to promote adhesion and growth of the Cu layers onto the substrate. As the minimum feature sizes of patterned substrates continue to shrink, deposition processes are required that can provide advanced layers onto high-aspect ratio structures at sufficiently low temperatures.
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has seen increasing use for preparation of coatings and thin layers in semiconductor wafer processing. CVD is a favored deposition method in many respects, for example, because of its ability to provide highly conformal and high quality layers at relatively fast processing times. Further, CVD is beneficial in depositing layers on substrates of irregular shapes including the provision of highly conformal layers even with respect to deep contacts and other openings. In general, CVD techniques involve the delivery of gaseous precursors (reactants) to the surface of a substrate where chemical reactions take place under temperature and pressure conditions that are favorable to the thermodynamics of the desired reaction. The type and composition of layers that can be formed using CVD can be affected by the ability to deliver the reactants or reactant precursors to the surface of the substrate.
In order for the device manufacturing process to be practical, the deposition processes need to be carried out in a reasonable amount of time. This requirement can necessitate efficient delivery of a precursor containing a metal element from a metal precursor vaporization system to a process chamber containing the substrate(s) to be processed. A common problem encountered in the deposition of metals and metal-containing materials by CVD techniques are low deposition rates onto a substrate due to low vapor pressure of the metal-containing precursor and the transport issues associated therewith, thereby making the deposition process impractical. A low vapor pressure can limit the flow of the metal-containing precursor from the metal precursor vaporization system through gas lines to a process chamber of a deposition system where a substrate is exposed to the metal-containing precursor.
The delivery of metal-containing precursors in CVD processing can be carried out using the sublimator/bubbler method where the precursor is usually placed in a metal precursor vaporization system that is then heated to transform the precursor into a gaseous compound (vapor), which is then transported into the process chamber, often using a carrier gas. However, this procedure has not been able to reliably and reproducibly deliver the precursor to the process chamber for a number of reasons. The major problems with the technique are centered on the inability to consistently vaporize a solid precursor at a controlled rate such that a reproducible flow of precursor vapor can be delivered to the process chamber. Also, it is difficult to ensure complete saturation of the fast moving carrier gas stream because of the limited amount of exposed surface area of the solid precursor in the metal precursor vaporization system and a lack of uniform temperature to provide maximum sublimation/evaporation. In addition, the temperature to which the solid precursor can be heated to provide adequate vapor pressure can be limited by premature decomposition of the precursor at that temperature. Decomposition or partial reaction of the solid precursor in the metal precursor vaporization system can further complicate the precursor delivery due to low or negligible vapor pressure of the partially reacted precursor compared to the un-reacted (fresh) precursor. In addition, a metal-containing precursor may contain metal-containing particulates that may be transferred to the process chamber and can accumulate on the substrate.
Thus, the presence of metal-containing impurities in metal-containing precursors may require purifying the precursor prior to processing substrates. Current separation methods include dissolving the un-reacted precursor using a liquid solvent (e.g., acetone, toluene, etc) and filtering the metal-containing impurities from the solvent. This method commonly require long process times and large amounts of the solvent due to low solubility of the metal-containing impurities in the solvent.

Method and integrated system for purifying and delivering a metal carbonyl precursor


According to one embodiment, a television receiver includes: a housing; a circuit board; a flexible printed wiring board comprising a base layer, a conductive layer, and a protective layer. The circuit board is installed in the housing. The flexible printed wiring board is configured to be electrically connected to the circuit board. The base layer includes a first surface and a second surface positioned on an opposite side of the first surface. The conductive layer is provided on at least one of the first surface and the second surface of the base layer. The protective layer is configured to cover the base layer and the conductive layer, and includes an outer edge portion positioned on an outside of a periphery portion of the base layer.

Typically, flexible printed wiring boards comprising a base layer and a covering layer covering both sides of the base layer are known.
However, in case the base layer is made of a material having a comparatively low degree of toughness, the flexible printer-wiring board needs to be handled with more caution.

Television receiver and electronic device


A washing method and a washing machine, more specifically, to a washing method which improves a washing ability and a washing machine are disclosed. The washing method includes a laundry amount detecting step of detecting the amount of laundry loaded in a drum; and a high head motion step of dropping the laundry by braking the drum after the laundry is lifted over a half of the drum height by rotation of the drum, when the detected amount of the laundry is in a preset range.

Generally, a washing machine is an electric appliance which washes clothes, beddings and cloth items (hereinafter, referenced to as 'laundry) by using water, detergent and a mechanical action via washing, rinsing and spinning cycles, to remove contaminants.
The washing machine is categorized into an agitator type washing machine, a pulsator type washing machine and a drum type washing machine.
In the agitator type washing machine, an agitator vertically mounted in a center of a tub is rotated in a right and left direction to perform washing. In the pulsator type washing machine, a disc-shaped pulsator mounted below a tub is rotated in a right and left direction and washing is performed by a frictional force generated between water currents and laundry loaded therein. In the drum type washing machine, water, detergent and laundry are loaded into a drum and the drum is rotated to wash the laundry.
The drum type washing machine includes a cabinet configured to define a profile of the washing machine, a tub mounted in the cabinet to hold wash water, a drum mounted in the tub to receive laundry therein, a motor mounted to a rear surface of the tub to rotate the drum and a driving shaft connected to the motor and a rear surface of the drum, passing through the tub. A lifter is installed in the drum to lift the laundry when the drum is rotating.
While the drum is rotated, laundry is lifted by the lifter installed in such the drum type washing machine and the laundry is rotated in close contact with an inner circumferential surface of the drum to be lifted and dropped (hereinafter, 'tumbled'), to perform washing. Demands for various washing methods to improve a washing ability have been increasing, rather than such a tumbling motion.