A socket system for the protection against lightening of an aircraft disposed between a connection terminal of the aircraft and an end connector of a generator set powered by a power supply cable having several electrical conductors includes an extension socket connected between the end connector and the connection terminal and a safety device including in a housing made of electrically insulating material, and clipping means designed to clip an electrical signal. The installation of such a safety device prevents the propagation of an electrical overvoltage beyond the safety device.

FIG. 1 shows an aircraft 10 which is immobile on the ground. The aircraft is powered with electricity by means of a generator set 20 via a power supply cable 30 which has several electrical conductors and is provided at its end with an end connector 40 having an electrical contact for each electrical conductor.
In order to allow connection to the generator set 20, the aircraft 10 has a connection terminal 50 having, for each electrical conductor, an electrical contact downstream of which a conductor 14 is connected embedded in the aircraft 10 and to which at least one electrical component 12 of the aircraft 10 is connected.
The connection between the end connector 40 and the connection terminal 50 is performed by means of an extension socket 60.
FIG. 2 shows an example of an extension socket 60 comprising a body 61 with a first connector 62 comprising, for each electrical contact of the end connector 40, an electrical contact which is connected electrically to the said electrical contact of the end connector 40, and a second connector 64 comprising, for each electrical conductor, an electrical contact 65 (in this case female) which is electrically connected to the electrical contact of the first corresponding connector 62 and which is designed to be connected to an electrical contact (in this case male) of the connection terminal 50.
The extension socket 60 allows here the connection of six electrical conductors which are indicated here by the reference letters A, B, C, N, E and F. The connection terminal 50 thus comprises, for each electrical conductor A, B, C, N, E, F, an embedded conductor 14 which is electrically connected to an electrical conductor A, B, C, N, E, F via the second connector 64 and the connection terminal 50.
The extension socket 60 has a third connector 66 which, for each electrical conductor, has a female electrical contact 68 which is electrically connected to the electrical contact of the first connector 62 connected to the said electrical conductor and which allows for example the connection of a connecting member of a multimeter.
The connection of the generator set 20 to the aircraft 10 forms a loop.
When lightning strikes the ground close to the aircraft 10, a part of the magnetic field induced by the lightning generates a voltage drop in the loop, creating an inductive coupling which generates an electrical overvoltage in the power supply cable 30. This electrical overvoltage is propagated as far as the aircraft 10 with the risk of damaging certain electrical components 12 on-board the aircraft 10.


Disclosed is a method for controlling screen backlight, the method includes: determining a basic setting value V0, where the basic setting value V0 is a value set for backlight brightness of a first screen and backlight brightness of a second screen; calculating a setting value V1 of the backlight brightness of the first screen and a setting value V2 of the backlight brightness of the second screen respectively based on V0; and adjusting the backlight brightness of the first screen and the backlight brightness of the second screen according to V1 and V2 respectively. Further disclosed are a device for controlling screen backlight, a multi-screen terminal, a storage medium, a method and device for setting screen backlight, and a multi-screen terminal.

At present, for a terminal, such as a mobile phone, when external light is relatively dim, an excessively bright screen will make people feel dazzling, and when the external light is relatively bright, an excessively dark screen will make a user unable to view a display picture of the mobile phone. Backlight adjustment may be used to improve the comfort level of human eyes while viewing the screen, and also to protect eyesight. There are two backlight adjustment manners when the terminal includes a single screen, one manner is that the terminal automatically adjusts backlight brightness of the screen according to a light intensity of an external environment detected by a light sensor. The backlight brightness of the screen will be reduced in an environment with relatively dim light, while the backlight brightness of the screen will be increased in an environment with relatively bright light. The other manner is to manually set the backlight brightness of the screen according to personal preference of the user. A setting value of the backlight brightness is generally taken within a certain integer interval, such as [1, 255]. In ideal cases, each setting value corresponds to one backlight brightness level, where 1 corresponds to lowest backlight brightness, and 255 corresponds to highest backlight brightness. The backlight brightness may be represented by a luminous flux displayed by screen backlight in the unit of lumens (lm).
In order to adapt to different requirements of different groups of people on smart terminal equipment, a double-screen terminal is designed, and each screen of the double-screen terminal corresponds to an independent backlight display unit. In a split-screen mode, two screens of the double-screen terminal may be used to display different contents, respectively. In a widescreen mode, the two screens of the double-screen terminal may spread and be used as one large screen. In the widescreen mode, the backlight brightness of the two screens needs to be as consistent as possible to obtain good experiences when the human eyes viewing the two screens.
In the related art, the double-screen terminal generally adopts one light sensor, in an automatic backlight adjustment mode, according to light intensity of the external environment collected by the light sensor, the setting value of the backlight brightness is calculated and set for the two screens, which is the same in both the widescreen mode and the split-screen mode. When the backlight adjustment is performed manually, setting values of backlight brightness gains of the two screens come from a manual input of the user on a same progress bar. In these two adjustment manners, the setting values of the backlight brightness of the two screens are the same at the same time, and it is impossible to adjust the backlight brightness of each screen respectively and it is difficult to achieve a user satisfactory display effect.

Method and device for controlling screen backlight, method and device for setting screen backlight, and multi-screen terminal


A handheld rotary cutting blade includes a toroidal cutting blade and a handheld handle configured to package a section of the toroidal cutting blade; the toroidal cutting blade is arranged to be annular; another section of the toroidal cutting blade extends beyond the handheld handle; an outer side edge of the toroidal cutting blade is provided with a cutting edge; two rollers configured to respectively press against and support opposite inner sides of the toroidal cutting blade are respectively hinged at two opposite ends of the handheld handle; the two rollers are located at the same side relative to the center of the toroidal cutting blade, and the side is a side which keeps away from the middle of the handheld handle relative to the center; two rollers are respectively arranged at two ends of the handheld handle.

A handheld cutting blade is often used when cutting a pizza, a pancake, or other big flake objects. A current cutting blade is generally a long striped blade body of which one end is connected with a handle; the handle is gripped by a hand so as to operate the blade body to cut the flake object. However, during cutting, the blade can only cut a length of the blade body every time, and the cutting efficiency is low. Furthermore, during cutting, the handle located at one end the blade body is gripped, whereas the blade body at the other end is used to cut, and therefore the cutting requires large force.


A method and apparatus for detecting malware containing e-mails based on inconsistencies between a governmental agency “From” address and a sending IP address whereby an incoming e-mail is analyzed to determine if the incoming e-mail includes a “From” address having a domain suffix that is normally associated with a governmental agency, such as a .gov, .gov.uk, .go.jp, or any similar governmental domain suffix. The connecting IP address or IP addresses within the received headers associated with the incoming e-mail are then analyzed to determine the geographical locations through which the incoming e-mail passed. If the geographical locations associated with these sending IP addresses of the incoming e-mail are not consistent with the country indicated by the domain suffix in the governmental “From” address of the incoming e-mail then the protective action is taken.

Computing systems utilized by the public sector, e.g., governments and government agencies, and elements of the private sector that are associated with the public sector, such as defense contractors, financial institutions, and various research facilities, have recently become targets of malware attacks specifically crafted to compromise specific public sector, and associated private sector, data.
This "targeted" or "bespoke" malware is often injected into the public sector, and associated private sector, computing systems via e-mails containing targeted Trojan, or other, malware that are highly researched, crafted, and customized to the intended recipient. Therefore, unlike more traditional "mass" malware attacks that use similar e-mails as the insertion vector for numerous attacks, these targeted malware attacks have very low levels of occurrence, and are often single occurrence attacks. Consequently, the traditional mechanisms of determining malware containing e-mail signatures and then blocking future e-mails having these signatures are relatively ineffective.
One mechanism that has been recently employed by some malware distributors is to create targeted malware containing e-mails that include a "From" address that includes a domain that appears to indicate the e-mail originated from a government or public sector organization, i.e., a government agency, that the recipient would typically automatically trust. This practice of providing a false "From" address is commonly referred to as "spoofing".
In a typical instance where a targeted malware containing e-mail includes a spoofed government "From" address, the "From" address includes a government associated domain suffix such as, but not limited to, those ending in: ".gov", indicating the e-mail is from a United States government agency source; ".gov.uk", indicating the e-mail is from a United Kingdom government agency source; ".go.jp" indicating the e-mail is from a Japanese government agency source; or any one of numerous other "From" address domain suffixes that indicate a given country governmental agency source.
Since as noted, targeted malware attacks have very low levels of occurrence so traditional mechanisms of identifying malware containing e-mails are relatively ineffective, and many public sector, and associated private sector recipients, are likely to assume that an e-mail having a "From" address that indicates a governmental source is trustworthy, these types of targeted malware attacks with spoofed governmental agency "From" addresses are a significant problem.
In addition, since the public sector and associated private sector recipients are often dealing with computing systems that contain highly classified data, and in some cases data relating to national security, these targeted malware attacks with spoofed governmental agency "From" addresses can be extremely serious. Indeed, it is currently suspected that some of these targeted malware attacks with spoofed governmental agency "From" addresses are sponsored by foreign powers. However, current malware detection systems are largely unable to detect and block these types of malware attacks because of the bespoke nature of the malware and the very low volume of occurrence. Consequently, this serious threat to public sector data remains largely undetectable, and unopposed, using currently available malware detection systems.

Method and system for detecting malware containing E-mails based on inconsistencies in public sector “From” addresses and a sending IP address


A lift truck platform apparatus for transporting rolling racks provides a platform and a frame extending upwardly from the platform. A clamp is attached to the frame. The clamp is vertically moveable relative to the platform for selectively engaging and securing in place the rolling racks when the rolling racks are loaded on the platform. The clamp is vertically moveable away from the platform for releasing the rolling racks.

1. Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to material handling systems and more particularly to devices and methods for transporting rolling racks using a lift truck such as a forklift, pallet jack or a pallet truck.
2. Background Art
Lift trucks such as pallet trucks, pallet jacks and forklifts are known in the art for moving materials. Such devices generally include a moveable base having one or more arms extending outwardly from the base. The arms are vertically moveable for lifting and lowering materials. When the arms are in a raised position, the base may be moved by an operator, either manually or with the use of a motor, thereby transporting material that is supported by the arms.
One problem associated with conventional forklifts, pallet jacks and pallet trucks is encountered when trying to transport rolling racks. Rolling racks generally include racks or shelves that have roller wheels on the bottom. The wheels allow the racks to be easily moved along the ground. In many applications, such as in a warehouse or in a container truck, it is desirable to move multiple rolling racks at once. Such racks may be empty or may be pre-loaded with other types of materials. It is generally inefficient to roll individual rolling racks over great distances. Others have attempted to load rolling racks on pallets or other types of rack holding platforms for transport using forklifts or pallet trucks. However, rolling racks have a tendency to roll off of such conventional pallets and platforms, complicating the transport process.
What is needed then are improvements in the devices and methods for transporting rolling racks using lift trucks such as forklifts, pallet jacks and pallet trucks.

Lift truck platform apparatus and methods for transporting rolling racks


In a method for optimizing a magnetic resonance sequence of a magnetic resonance apparatus, a magnetic resonance sequence is provided to a computer, the sequence having a number of fixed point time intervals that are to be left unmodified, and a number of modifiable time intervals which may be optimized. The magnetic resonance sequence is automatically analyzed in the computer in order to identify the fixed point time intervals and the modifiable time intervals in the magnetic resonance sequence. At least one gradient pulse, which occurs during at least one modifiable time interval of the number of modifiable time intervals, is optimized by taking the first moment of this at least one gradient pulse into account.

Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a method for optimizing a magnetic resonance sequence of a magnetic resonance apparatus, a method for operating a magnetic resonance apparatus, a sequence optimizing device, a magnetic resonance apparatus and a non-transitory, computer-readable data storage medium encoded with programming instructions to implement such methods.
Description of the Prior Art
In a magnetic resonance apparatus, also known as a "magnetic resonance tomography system", the body to be examined, particularly that of a patient, is typically exposed to a relatively strong magnetic field of, for example, 1.5 or 3 or 7 Tesla, with the use of a basic field magnet. In addition, gradient pulses are applied with the operation of a gradient coil unit. By the operation of a radio frequency antenna unit, using suitable antennas, radio frequency pulses, particularly excitation pulses, are transmitted, which cause nuclear spins of particular atoms, excited into resonance by these radio frequency pulses, to be tilted through a defined flip angle relative to the magnetic field lines of the basic magnetic field. During relaxation of the nuclear spin, radio frequency signals known as "magnetic resonance signals" are emitted and are received by suitable radio frequency antennas and then further processed. From the raw data thereby acquired, the desired image data can ultimately be reconstructed.
For a particular data acquisition, a particular magnetic resonance sequence, known as a pulse sequence composed of a sequence of radio frequency pulses, in particular excitation pulses and refocusing pulses, as well as gradient pulses to be transmitted suitably coordinated therewith on various gradient axes along different spatial directions, is to be transmitted. Temporally adapted thereto, readout windows are set which pre-determine the time frames within which the induced magnetic resonance signals are detected. Of decisive importance for the imaging is particularly the timing within the sequence, that is, at what temporal spacing which gradient pulses follow one another. A large number of the control parameters are typically defined in a "measuring protocol" which is created in advance and can be retrieved for a particular measurement, for example, from a memory store and, if necessary, can be modified by the user on site who can stipulate additional control parameters such as, for example, a particular slice increment of a batch of slices to be scanned, a slice thickness, etc. Then, based on all these control parameters, a magnetic resonance sequence is calculated.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Method and apparatus for optimizing a magnetic resonance sequence


This application discloses a method, an apparatus, and a device for scheduling virtual objects in a virtual environment, which relate to artificial intelligence (AI), and belong to the field of computer technologies. The method includes: obtaining frame data generated by an application program associated with the virtual environment; performing feature extraction on the frame data to obtain a state feature of a target virtual object; performing deduction on the state feature of the target virtual object according to N scheduling policies; invoking a value network prediction model to process the N subsequent state features, to obtain expected returns of executing N scheduling policies; and controlling the target virtual object to execute a scheduling policy having a highest expected return.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a computer program system that reacts in a way of human thinking and executes a corresponding behavior. AI is widely applied to fields such as image recognition, voice recognition, natural language processing, and expert systems. The expert system is AI that simulates human experts to resolve domain problems, for example, the AI Alphago, which simulates a Go player to play Go.
On terminals such as a smartphone and a tablet computer, there are many application programs with two-dimensional or three-dimensional virtual environments, such as: a multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA) game and a simulation game (SLG). In the foregoing application program, a user can control a virtual object (such as a virtual character) to execute a scheduling policy to win. When the user cannot control the virtual object for some reason, the user needs to rely on AI to assist in executing the corresponding scheduling policy.
A situation-state space in a virtual environment is much larger than that of Go, and executable behaviors of virtual objects are continuous and diverse. For example, a size of a map in the MOBA game is about 50,000×50,000 pixels, including more than 60 different types of operable units. Each operable unit has continuity and diversity. Therefore, it is difficult for AI to derive a state of the virtual environment, causing relatively low accuracy of AI in determining a scheduling policy.

Method, apparatus, and device for scheduling virtual objects in virtual environment

TENCENT TECHNOLOGY (SHENZHEN) COMPANY LIMITED


A steering shaft includes: an outer shaft having an inner splined portion; an inner shaft having a shaft portion and an outer splined portion which are arranged continuously along an axial direction; a retaining portion formed on at least one of the outer splined portion and the shaft portion; a sliding coupling section formed by a coupling portion of the outer shaft and a coupling portion of the inner shaft so as to allow the outer shaft and the inner shaft to be telescopically slidable in the axial direction relative to each other by means of splines; and a sliding resin member which is filled in a space formed in the sliding coupling section between an opening portion of the outer shaft and the retaining portion of the inner shaft.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a steering shaft which is telescopically contractible to secure the safety of a driver during an accident, such as a collision of a vehicle.
2. Description of the Related Art
Conventionally, a steering shaft which is made telescopically contractible to secure the safety of a driver during an accident, such as a collision of a vehicle, is known as the steering shaft of a steering apparatus. This steering shaft is arranged such that corresponding end portions of a plurality of shafts are fitted over and coupled to each other by means of splines such that the shafts are slidable relative to each other in their axial direction.
Further, a steering shaft is known in which an injection-molded portion which is formed of a synthetic resin is provided in its sliding portion. The injection-molded portion prevents the occurrence of looseness in a fitting coupling section of the steering shaft in a rotating direction.
An inner shaft and an outer shaft are coupled to each other in the axial direction by a splined structure, and the outer shaft and the inner shaft are fixed in the axial direction by shear pins which are formed of a synthetic resin.
The above-described structure is provided for dampening an axially thrusting force applied from a lower portion of the vehicle during a primary collision, e.g., a thrusting force applied from wheels against the steering shaft via a steering gear box.
A sliding member formed of a synthetic resin for supporting favorable sliding is provided between an opening portion of the outer shaft and the inner shaft in a sliding coupling section of the outer shaft and the inner shaft.
Further, the structure provided is such that shear pins formed by injection of a synthetic resin are provided at appropriate positions on the innermost inner peripheral side of the outer shaft, and the shear pins are sheared during a collision, allowing the outer shaft and the inner shaft to telescopically contract and move relative to each other.
However, the steering shafts of the conventional type have the following drawbacks. First, an appropriate clearance is provided in a splined coupling section between the outer shaft and the inner shaft so as to ensure the slidability of the shafts.
In addition, the axial slidability is made stable and favorable by means of the resin sliding member provided between the opening portion of the outer shaft and the inner shaft. Further, the resin sliding member at the opening portion of the outer shaft blocks the clearance occurring between teeth in the splined fitting section. As a result, it is possible to prevent the looseness in the rotating direction which occurs due to a slight clearance in the rotating direction, which is present between the outer shaft and the inner shaft.
However, in the operation of injecting a resin material into the slight clearance, the maintenance of precise molding conditions is required, and the margin of allowance in the setting of the molding conditions has been very strict.


A technique for optimizing cut-through for broadcast and multi-cast data packets in a multi-port bridge for a local area network (LAN). The multi-port bridge includes a plurality of ports for communicating packets with an associated segment of the LAN. Each of the ports is coupled to a data bus for communicating packets among the ports. A packet buffer is coupled to the data bus for temporarily storing packets undergoing communication between the ports. At least one of the ports includes a transmit packet store for receiving packets to be transmitted by the port and a broadcast packet store for receiving broadcast and multi-cast packets to be transmitted by the port wherein the broadcast packet store receives a broadcast or multi-cast packet only when the transmit packet store is occupied. The transmit packet store can receive a packet from the packet buffer or at the same time the packet buffer receives the packet. Because the broadcast packet store receives the broadcast or multi-cast packet from the data bus at the same time the packet buffer receives it, even when the transmit packet store is occupied, the invention minimizes the number of ports which need to retrieve such a broadcast or multi-cast packet from the packet buffers. This minimizes bandwidth of the data bus occupied by retrieving broadcast and multi-cast data packets from the packet buffers.

The invention relates to a multi-port bridge, for a local area network. More particularly, the invention relates to a technique for optimizing cut-through for broadcast and multi-cast data packets in a multi-port bridge for a local area network.
Nodes of a local area network (LAN) are typically interconnected by a shared transmission medium. The amount of data traffic that the shared transmission medium can accommodate, however, is limited. For example, only one node at a time can successfully transmit data to another node over the shared transmission medium. If two or more nodes simultaneously attempt to transmit data, a data collision occurs, which tends to corrupt the data being transmitted. Thus, nodes that share a transmission medium are considered to be in a same collision domain.
A Multi-port bridge allows simultaneous communication between nodes of the LAN by segmenting the LAN into multiple collision domains (also referred to as network segments or LAN segments), each segment having a corresponding transmission medium.
FIG. 1 illustrates a conventional local area network including a multi-port bridge 10. The multi-port bridge 10 has eight ports A-H, though the number of ports can vary. Each port A-H is connected to a segment 11-18 of the LAN. Each segment 11-18 typically includes one or more nodes 19-34, such as a workstation, a personal computer, a data terminal, a file server, a printer, a facsimile, a scanner or other conventional digital device. Each of the nodes 19-34 has an associated node address (also referred to as a medium access control (MAC) address) which uniquely identifies the node. The nodes 19-34 are configured to send data, one to another, in the form of discrete data packets.
When the LAN operates according to Ethernet standards, such as the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.3 standard, data is communicated in the form of discrete packets. FIG. 2 illustrates a conventional IEEE 802.3 data packet 40. The data packet 40 includes an eight byte long pre-amble 41 which is generally utilized for synchronizing a receiver to the data packet 40. The pre-amble 41 includes seven bytes of pre-amble and one byte of start-of-frame. Following the pre-amble 41, the data packet 40 includes a six-byte-long destination address 42, which is the node address of a node which is an intended recipient for the data packet 40. Next, the data packet 40 includes a six-byte-long source address 43, which is the node address of a node which originated the data packet 40. Following the source address 43 is a two-byte length field 44. Following the length field 44 is a data field 45. The data field 45 can be up to 1500 bytes long. Finally, the data packet 40 includes a two-byte frame check field 46 which allows a recipient of the data packet 40 to determine whether an error has occurred during transmission of the data packet 40.
A broadcast packet is one that is intended by its originating node to be received by every other node of the LAN. Accordingly, when the multi-port bridge 10 receives a broadcast packet, the packet is directed to all ports of the multi-port bridge 10. An example of a broadcast packet is a xe2x80x9ckeep alivexe2x80x9d packet. In accordance with the IEEE 802.3 standard, each node periodically broadcasts a xe2x80x9ckeep alivexe2x80x9d packet which informs the other nodes of the LAN of the continued presence of the sending node in the LAN.
A multi-cast packet is one that is intended to be received by each of a selected group of nodes of a LAN. For example, a virtual LAN (VLAN) may include a subset of nodes of a larger LAN. When a node included in the VLAN group sends a packet, the packet can be multi-cast to each other member of the VLAN group. Typically, a multi-cast packet is identified when the first bit of its destination address is a logical one. The source address of a multi-cast packet identifies the originating node which can then be utilized to identify the VLAN group of which the originating node is a member.
A uni-cast packet is one which is intended to be received by a single destination node. Typically, a uni-cast packet is identified by the first bit of the destination address for the packet being a logical zero. The destination node for the uni-cast packet is identified by the remaining bits of the destination address included in the packet.
Because xe2x80x9ckeep alivexe2x80x9d packets are sent throughout the LAN with regularity, the multi-port bridge 10 tends to devote a significant portion of its packet handling capacity to forwarding of such xe2x80x9ckeep alivexe2x80x9d packets. This reduces the ability of the multi-port bridge 10 to forward other packets to their intended destinations. Thus, problems can arise when the capabilities of the multi-port bridge 10 are exceeded by network demand. When data packets 40 are received by the multi-port bridge 10 at a rate that is higher than the rate at which the multi-port bridge 10 can appropriately perform a learning operation and a look-up operation for each packet 40 and, then, forward the packet, the multi-port bridge 10 becomes a source of network congestion. This problem is exacerbated as network users place increasing demands on the network.
Therefore, what is needed is improved technique for increasing the data packet handling capacity in a multi-port bridge for a local area network. What is further needed is a technique for reducing the demand placed on such a multi-port bridge for forwarding broadcast and multi-cast data packets.
The invention is a technique for optimizing cut-through for broadcast and multi-cast data packets in a multi-port bridge for a local area network (LAN). The multi-port bridge includes a plurality of ports which are each coupled to a data bus. Packet buffers are also coupled to the data bus for temporarily storing data packets undergoing transfer between the ports. A source port for a data packet receives the packet from a segment of the LAN associated with the source port and stores it in the packet buffers. A packet stored in the packet buffers can be retrieved by an appropriate destination port for the packet and loaded into a first-in, first-out transmit packet store included in the destination port. As the packet is being loaded into the transmit packet store, the packet is transmitted to the segment of the LAN associated with the destination port. A packet can also be received by the destination port directly from the source port while the source port is storing the packet in the packet buffers, assuming the transmit packet store of the destination port is not currently occupied by another packet being transmitted by the destination port.
A broadcast packet store is also provided in the destination port for receiving broadcast and multi-cast data packets directly from the source port while the source port is storing such a broadcast or multi-cast packet in the packet buffers, even when the destination port is busy transmitting a prior packet. The broadcast or multi-cast packet can then be transmitted to the segment of the LAN associated with the destination port when the destination port completes transmitting the prior packet.
A broadcast packet controller included in the destination port is normally dormant and becomes active when the following conditions are present: (1) the destination port is currently busy transmitting another packet; (2) a broadcast or multi-cast packet is received by another port; and (3) the broadcast packet store of the destination port is empty. When these conditions are all present, the broadcast packet controller stores the broadcast or multi-cast packet in t,he broadcast packet store when the packet appears on the data bus while it is being stored in the packet buffers by the source port. In addition, the broadcast packet controller conditions the destination port to transmit the packet from the broadcast packet store when the port becomes available to transmit the packet.
Because each broadcast and multi-cast packet is generally transmitted by multiple ports, the broadcast packet store minimizes the number of ports which need to retrieve such a broadcast or multi-cast packet from the packet buffers and thereby minimizes bandwidth of the data bus occupied by retrieving broadcast and multi-cast data packets from the packet buffers.
In accordance with an aspect of the present invention, a port in a multi-port bridge for a LAN includes: a transmit packet store to receive packets to be transmitted to a segment of the LAN associated with the port; a broadcast packet store to receive a broadcast packet to be transmitted to a segment of the LAN wherein the broadcast packet store receives the broadcast packet when the transmit packet store is occupied by a prior packet; and a transceiver coupled to the transmit packet store and to the broadcast packet store for transmitting the prior packet and the broadcast packet to the segment of the LAN
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a port in a multi-port bridge for a LAN includes: a transmit packet store to receive packets to be transmitted to a segment of the LAN associated with the port; a broadcast packet store to receive broadcast and multi-cast packets to be transmitted to a segment of the LAN wherein the broadcast packet store does not receive uni-cast packets; and a transceiver coupled to the transmit packet store and to the broadcast packet store for transmitting the prior packet and the broadcast packet to the segment of the LAN.
In accordance with yet another aspect of the present invention, a multi-port bridge for a LAN includes: a source port to receive a broadcast packet from a segment of the LAN associated; with the source port; a data bus coupled to the source port to communicate the broadcast packet; a packet buffer coupled to the data bus to receive the broadcast packet from the data bus; and a destination port coupled to the data bus to receive the broadcast packet wherein the destination port receives the broadcast packet from the data bus when the destination port is busy transmitting a prior packet to a segment of the LAN associated with the destination port.
In accordance with still another aspect of the present invention, a method of directing a broadcast packet through a multi-port bridge for a LAN includes steps of: receiving a broadcast packet into a source port from a segment of the LAN; transferring the broadcast packet to a packet buffer; receiving the broadcast packet into a first store included in a destination port simultaneously with the step of transferring when the first store is not occupied by a prior packet; and receiving the broadcast packet into a second store included in the destination port simultaneously with the step of transferring when the first store is occupied by the prior packet.
In accordance with a further aspect of the present invention, an apparatus for directing broadcast packets through a multi-port bridge for a LAN includes: source port means for receiving a broadcast packet from a segment of the LAN; packet buffer means coupled to the source port means for receiving the broadcast packet from the source port means; and destination port means coupled to the packet buffer means and to the source port means wherein the destination port means includes: first, storage means for receiving the broadcast packet when the first storage means is not occupied by a prior packet; and second storage means for receiving the broadcast packet when the first storage means is occupied by a prior packet.
In accordance with a still further aspect of the present invention, a multi-port bridge for a LAN includes: a plurality of ports to communicate packets with an associated segment of the LAN; a data bus coupled to each of the plurality of ports to communicate packets among the ports; and a packet buffer coupled to the data bus to temporarily store packets undergoing communication between the ports; wherein at least one of the plurality of ports includes a transmit packet store to receive packets to be transmitted by the port to the segment of the LAN associated with the port and a broadcast packet store to receive broadcast packets to be transmitted by the port to the segment of the LAN associated with the port wherein the broadcast packet store receives a broadcast packet only when the transmit packet store is occupied.

Technique for optimizing cut-through for broadcast and multi-cast packets in a multi-port bridge for a local area network


A method is presented for disconnecting a wireless time-division duplex communication link between two nodes. A first node transmits during time slots allocated to the first node and the second node transmits during separate time slots allocated to the second node. The first node transmits at differing respective frequency bands during its time slots. The method includes:                sub-dividing a time slot allocated to the first node into consecutive time intervals; and        transmitting respective disconnect signals during the time intervals. Each of the disconnect signals is transmitted on a frequency band used by the first node. The disconnect signals are transmitted on different frequency bands during at least two of the time intervals.

The present invention, in some embodiments thereof, relates to time division duplex communication and, more particularly, but not exclusively, to interfering with time division duplex communication.
In time division duplex (TDD) communication, transmissions by network nodes are separated into different time slots. In some cases, the nodes use different transmission schemes. For example, one node transmits frequency hopping packets whereas a second node transmits fixed frequency packets during their respective allocated time slots.
Time-division duplexing has a strong advantage in the case where there is asymmetry of the uplink and downlink data rates. As the amount of uplink data increases, more communication capacity can be dynamically allocated, and as the traffic load becomes lighter, capacity can be taken away.
In some cases, wideband jamming signals are used to disrupt communication uplink and/or downlink communication. In order to interfere with Node B's reception of transmissions from Node A, a wide band jamming signal is transmitted towards Node B. The jamming signal may be a high bandwidth (BW) noise signal (such as white Gaussian noise) or any other wide band signal (such as actual data or a chirp signal).
One disadvantage of wideband jamming solutions is possible interference to other communication links in the area. Another disadvantage is loss of power, because the power is distributed over the full bandwidth. In addition, jamming solutions do not use a disconnect command and hence can only cause the two nodes to disconnect by raising the bit error rate (BER) in Node B's reception of Node A.
Another approach to this problem is to transmit a pulsed jamming signal during the Node A time slot at all the known frequencies used by Node A in parallel. The disadvantage of the solutions above is still loss of power, as the power is distributed over Node A's entire frequency range. Also, as in the previous solution, this jamming technique does not contain a disconnect command.
Additional background art includes:
                [1] M. Karlsson et al., "Jamming a TDD Point-to-Point Link Using Reciprocity-Based MIMO", IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, 12(12), pp. 2957-2970, 11 Jul. 2017.        [2] International Patent Application Publication No. WO 93/26124.        [3] K. Grover et al., "Jamming and Anti-jamming Techniques in Wireless Networks: A Survey", International Journal of Ad Hoc and Ubiquitous Computing Volume 17 Issue 4, Pages 197-215, December 2014.        [4] International Patent Application Publication No. WO 93/22850.        [5] K. Parlin, "Jamming of Spread Spectrum Communications Used in UAV Remote Control Systems", TALLINN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY School of Information Technologies, 2017.

Interfering in time-division duplex communication


A process for the preparation of ethers of the formula R.sup.1 --CR.sup.2 .dbd.CH--O--R.sup.3, in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 are each a radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and R.sup.2 is hydrogen or a radical having 1 to 2 carbon atoms, by reaction of a diacetal of the formula R.sup.1 --CHR.sup.2 --CH(--O--R.sup.3).sub.2 in the presence of a catalyst composed of an acid and an amine at elevated temperature in the liquid phase. The unsaturated ether of the above-mentioned formula is formed from the diacetal with elimination of an alcohol R.sup.3 --OH.

Owing to their properties, ethers of the above-mentioned type are important for a number of industrial applications. They can be used as important building blocks and starting substances for the synthesis of specialty chemicals, pharmaceuticals, natural substances, and plant protection agents.
DE-PS 28 44 635 describes a process for the preparation of 2-propylpentene-4-al-1, in which the diacetal prepared from n-valeraldehyde and 2 mol of allyl alcohol is cleaved in the presence of an acid catalyst, for example p-toluenesulfonic acid, and the intermediate ether is thermally rearranged.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,023,250 relates to the preparation of halogen-substituted, unsaturated ethers by cleavage of corresponding 1,1-di-(2-haloalkoxy)alkanes in the presence of strong mineral acids or aromatic sulfonic acids which are not volatile under the reaction conditions. A relatively low-boiling nitrogen-containing base, for example an amine, is added inside a distillation column to the reaction mixture resulting from the cleavage reaction. The addition of the nitrogen-containing base serves to neutralize acidic compounds formed in the cleavage of the halogen-containing diacetal.
L. A. Yanovskaya et al. described in Otdel. Khim. Nauk 1960, 1246 to 1253 (Chem. Abstr. 54, 24452g (1960)) a process for the preparation of unsaturated ethers, in which an appropriate aldehyde diacetal is reacted with elimination of alcohol in the presence of a catalyst composed of p-toluenesulfonic acid and quinoline to give the unsaturated ether. The yields obtained, depending on the unsaturated ether to be prepared, are between 40 and 70%.

Process for the preparation of unsaturated ethers


A number of kinds of gradation correction data is prepared beforehand, and when the type of a facsimile machine is specified, a host CPU selects among the gradation correction data some gradation correction data in accordance with the type of the facsimile machine. Then, the selected gradation correction data are written into the RAM to make a gradation correction table optimum for the type of the facsimile machine. When the gradation correction data are written into the RAM, addresses of these data are determined in accordance with pixel signal levels of image data to be scanned. Therefore, when the image data is scanned, correction data which are stored at addresses corresponding to the pixel signal levels of the image data are successively output from the RAM and the gradations of respective segments of the image data are corrected with the respective correction data.

1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to a circuit arrangement For correcting a gradation of image data adapted, for example, For a facsimile machine.
2. Background Art
Recent facsimile machines are provided with a circuit arrangement for adjusting the white/black (or bright/dark) gradation of image data obtained by scan-reading a manuscript. Generally, this type of circuit arrangement can adjust the gradation of image data like human eyes.
Conventionally, the image data obtained by a scanner is processed into a pixel signal and this pixel signal is sent to a binary coding circuit. The gradation adjusting circuit adjusts the pixel signal level in a similar manner as human eyes do before the pixel signal is transferred to the binary coding circuit. "Similar manner as human eyes do" means that the darkness of a dark segment of the pixel signal is emphasized whereas the brightness of a bright segment of the pixel signal is not emphasized.
When the gradation adjusting circuit is incorporated in a facsimile machine, a particular ROM is required for each scanner of the facsimile machine since optimum data for the correcting of the image data gradation vary with the type of scanner.
Therefore, if a single gradation correcting circuit should cope with all kinds of facsimile machine, the ROM of the gradation correcting circuit must be able to store a large variety of correction data. Otherwise, a number of ROMs should be prepared, each ROM being adapted to be optimum for a particular type of scanner, and one of the ROMs is selected and put into the facsimile machine when an designer knows which type of scanner is incorporated in the facsimile machine. In this case, the structure of the image processing circuit should be changed in accordance with the type of the scanner and this raises manufacturing cost.

Circuit arrangement for selecting an image data correction scheme, writing the correction scheme to a correction table and correcting image data gradation


A hypersound document which insures reductions in cost and power requirement of electronic information terminals and a reproducer therefor. The hypersound document has plural pieces of voice data, a time table, and link destinations therein. In an embodiment shown in FIG. 1, “Sound1” for a piece of voice data, a start (t1) and an end (T1) for a time table, and “URL1” for a link destination are associated and stored.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a hypersound document and a reproducer therefor, and more particularly to a hypersound document which allows inter-document movement and hearing by a speaker and key operations without a display and a reproducer therefor.
2. Description of the Related Art
In the past, electronic information terminals have been based on visual human interfaces. Although the visual interface is most effective, the display is expensive and consumes a large amount of electric power.
Many people overtax one's eyes in our time because of much visual information such as TV broadcasts, printed matter including newspapers, magazines, and novels, video games, PCs, and CADs. As a result, they become less willing to obtain still more information increasing day by day with their eyes.
It is an object of the invention to provide a hypersound document that can offer a lower-cost and power-thrifty electronic information terminal and a reproducer therefor.
It is another object of the invention to provide a hypersound document for avoiding eyestrain of users and a reproducer therefor.


A method of permitting self-activation of a mobile device is presented. The device is able to be activated without accessing the Internet or relying on a customer service representative when a device with a SIM card is initially powered on. A device client resident on the mobile device detects that the SIM card is self-activation capable, and then provides a customized interface to walk the user through a self-activation process. The interface provides various features associated with the communication functionality of the device, whether or not the functionality is dependent on the make and model of the mobile device.

In recent years, mobile wireless communications have become increasingly popular. Initial implementations of mobile wireless communications, for example in the form of cellular telephone networks, supported circuit switched voice communication services. Wireless communication devices such as mobile or "cell" phones have expanded greatly in functionality over the last decade. For example, wireless network carriers developed short message service (SMS) technology to provide text and/or e-mail communications via the wireless communication networks. As the public wireless communication networks have evolved to provide greater bandwidth and packet based services, the industry has developed a variety of data services, such as web browsing, as well as a variety of services using multimedia message service (MMS) technology.
At present, customers are typically required to go through various cumbersome activation processes in order to connect a new mobile device to a wireless network. One such process is store activation, where a customer enters a store to activate the subscriber identity module (SIM) card with the device. The SIM typically includes a secure storage that is generally used for storing an international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) and a network hash key used in identifying and authenticating the mobile station on a particular wireless carrier network. Customers also typically utilize a customer care call for activation. For this process, a customer calls a customer service or care facility for activation of the SIM card with the device. Internet activation is also typically used, where a customer activates the SIM card for the device by navigating a website provided by or for the network provider. Another type of common activation process is a pre-activated SIM card. For this, a customer purchases a pre-activated SIM card with a selected price plan. While providing for activation of the SIM cards used with the wireless devices, such techniques typically involve reliance on customer service representatives, and may not be convenient for the customers.
While certain embodiments and aspects of the subject technology are depicted in the drawings, one skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments and aspects depicted are illustrative and that variations of those shown, as well as other embodiments and aspects described herein, may be envisioned and practiced within the scope of the present disclosure.

Self-activation through a non-activated device


An energy-harvesting system capable of wireless communication is disclosed which includes a solar cell adapted to generate charge from incident light on the solar cell; an energy-harvesting circuit coupled to the solar cell, the energy-harvesting circuit adapted to convey charge from the solar cell to an energy reservoir; a data communication circuit adapted to encode data to be communicated by the solar cell by adjusting the voltage across the solar cell into at least two states including 1) an open circuit (OC) state, where the current through the solar cell is substantially zero, and 2) a maximum power point (MPP) state, where power (V×I) drawn from the solar cell is maximum, wherein the solar cell in response to the changes in its voltage and the incident light emits luminescent radiation with an intensity corresponding to the at least two states, thereby forming a wireless transmitter.

This section introduces aspects that may help facilitate a better understanding of the disclosure. Accordingly, these statements are to be read in this light and are not to be understood as admissions about what is or is not prior art.
Many technologies across a plurality of applications (i.e. Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications and devices, manufacturing equipment, shipping technologies, etc.) support some form of wireless communication. One of the most common methods is through the emitting and receiving of radio signals. These technologies use devices that emit radio signals to transmit encoded data which is then read by another device in order to determine what corresponding set of actions or events must take place. One such technology commonly used is Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). However, RFID technology has limitations making it inconvenient to use in certain situations. RFID devices are energized by the radiation emitted by a reader, requiring the RFID device to be in close proximity to the reader.
For this type of communication, radio-based communication has been the dominant technology for establishing wireless connectivity in IoT applications. Most existing solutions rely on unlicensed radio bands for ease of deployment and adoption. However, these bands are expected to become increasingly crowded as more IoT devices are deployed resulting in higher interference levels and slower throughputs.
Furthermore, RFID tags that are mounted on metallic surfaces require special mounting equipment in order to avoid detuning resulting in an increased cost to the end user and requiring a larger area to be used. RFID devices are also very limited in underwater usage. Low-Frequency RFID devices are capable of working underwater, however such RFID devices have a greatly diminished range.
Therefore, there is an unmet need for a novel approach to provide wireless communication of data between two devices without relying on crowded radio-frequency bands.

System and method for using a solar cell in wireless communication