A cyanate ester resin composition contains: a cyanate ester resin; a curing agent or a curing accelerator; silica microparticles; and core-shell rubber particles; in which the resin composition includes from 1 to 5 parts by mass of the silica microparticles and from 2 to 10 parts by mass of the core-shell rubber particles based on 100 parts by mass of the cyanate ester resin, and a mass ratio of the silica microparticles to the core-shell rubber particles is from 1/1 to 1/5.

Fiber-reinforced composite materials with thermosetting resins including epoxy resins as a matrix are known. For example, Japan Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2011-99094 discloses an epoxy resin composition containing an epoxy resin as a matrix, a thermoplastic resin for viscosity adjustment, a filler, and a curing agent, and a prepreg obtained by combining the composition and a reinforcing fiber. Such a prepreg is used in a wide range of fields including structural materials such as aircrafts and vehicles, reinforcing of concrete structures, sports fields such as golf clubs, tennis rackets, and fishing rods because of its lightness and excellent mechanical properties.
One of the characteristics required for the prepreg used in such applications includes heat resistance. Therefore, various fiber-reinforced composite materials having a resin with higher heat resistance than epoxy resins as a matrix have been investigated.
Resins that may substitute for epoxy resins include cyanate ester resins. Cyanate ester resins have superior heat resistance than epoxy resins, and can withstand heat up to near 300° C., for example.
However, cyanate ester resins have the problem that the thermoplastic resin for viscosity adjustment is difficult to dissolve, the viscosity adjustment of the resin composition is difficult, and the resin has a high viscosity at room temperature but has a low viscosity during curing heating. Due to this problem, when the prepreg is heat cured, the resin composition flows out of the reinforcing fiber, and resin defects occur in the obtained fiber-reinforced composite material, and the thickness is non-even. In order to suppress resin flow during curing, the viscosity of the resin composition needs to be higher, but in this case, the viscosity of the resin composition at room temperature is too high, so the workability during prepreg molding will be negatively affected.

Cyanate ester resin composition and prepreg


According to one embodiment, a wireless terminal includes a determination module, a request generator and a transmitter. The determination module is configured to determine whether wireless communication with a second base station is possible, when the wireless terminal is connected to a first base station. The second base station is capable of communicate with the first base station via an inter-base-station network and supports a first operating mode in which wireless communication is valid and a second operating mode in which wireless communication is invalid. The request generator is configured to generate a control signal which comprises address data designating the second base station and which requests for setting the second base station to the first operating mode, if the wireless communication with the second base station is possible. The transmitter is configured to transmit the control signal to the first base station.

A great number of base stations have been installed as infrastructure for wireless communication (for example, cellular communication). These base stations provide relatively broad communication areas, representative examples of which are known as macrocells. In each macrocell, the communication quality may locally degrade, for example, at the boundary with any adjacent macrocell, in houses, and in basements, inevitably because of the nature of electric waves. To assist the base station installed in any environment where the communication quality may degrade, small-cell base stations may be installed, each providing a relatively small communication area called a nanocell or picocell. Further, a small-cell base station is proposed, which provides a still smaller communication area called a femtocell.
In most cases, small-cell base stations are arranged in the macrocell provided by a macrocell base station. As a result, interference may occur between the macrocell base station and any small-cell base station. The interference adversely affects the wireless communications. Small-cell base stations providing femtocells are supposed to be accessed by the specific users staving in particular places (e.g., homes and offices). In view of this use condition, the small-cell base stations providing femtocells are supposed to operate in limited time brackets. Hence, it is useful to inhibit a small-cell base station from transmitting wireless signals in anytime bracket the small-cell base station need not operate, in order to reduce power consumption and to prevent interference.
Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publication No. 2009-253569 describes a base station apparatus that supports the sleep mode in wireless signals are not transmitted, in addition to the active mode in which wireless signals are transmitted. This base station apparatus determines whether the operating mode should be switched from the sleep mode to the active mode, in accordance with the magnitude of reception power.
The base station apparatus described in Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publication No. 2009-253569 determines whether the operating mode should be switched from the sleep mode to the active mode, in accordance with whether the reception power is small or large. Any small-cell base station that provides a femtocell limits users who can access it. Nonetheless, the operating mode of the small-cell base station may change from the sleep mode to the active mode, in accordance with the magnitude of wireless signals transmitted from any user who cannot access the small-cell base station to a macrocell base station. If the small-cell base station undergoes this mode switching, it keeps transmitting unnecessary wireless signals (e.g., pilot signals) until its operating mode is switched back to the sleep mode. The transmission of unnecessary wireless signals is undesirable, because it may result in interference and power consumption.

Wireless terminal, base station and wireless communication system


An abrasive article has an abrasive portion with a bond and abrasive particles. A core is mounted to the abrasive portion. The core may include a plurality of segments that are interconnected to form the core. The abrasive article may include forming a plurality of core segments; assembling the core segments into a core; and then mounting the core to the abrasive portion to form the abrasive article. Forming an abrasive article may include mixing a phenolic resin, fillers and abrasive particles to form an abrasive matrix; injecting the abrasive matrix directly into a mold, such that the abrasive matrix is injection molded into a final wheel geometry; at least partially curing the abrasive matrix while it is inside the mold; and then removing the abrasive article from the mold.

Field of the Disclosure
The present invention relates in general to abrasive articles and, in particular, to a system, method and apparatus for an abrasive article.
Description of the Related Art
Conventional grinding wheels are made in a labor and time intensive multistep process. The mold filling requires precision placement of a reinforcing glass web and spreading of an abrasive mix to form abrasive wheels that meet the thickness and density targets for wheel balance and ultimately performance consistency. Green or uncured wheels are carefully handled to avoid asymmetrical stresses or breakages during mold stripping and/or during pre-shaping (e.g., for depressed center wheels), and/or during the wheel stacking step prior to entering the oven for curing. Improvements in forming abrasive articles continue to be of interest to address these various issues.

Abrasive article and method of making same


Embodiments of the present technology may include systems and processes associated with automatically generating supercuts associated with programming content. The present technology may include receiving, at the computing device, a set of related programming content, wherein the set of related programming content includes video clips; receiving an input from a user including a command to generate a supercut and a keyword associated with the supercut; searching the set of related programming content for portions of the video clips associated with the keyword; identifying a first event within a first video clip associated with the keyword and a second event within a second video clip associated with the keyword; determining a type of event associated with each of the first and second events and link the types of events with their respective events; determining a pre-event time period and a post-event time period for each of the first and second events based on the types of events; and generating and displaying a supercut using the first event, the second event, the pre-event time periods, and the post-event time periods. The above steps may be implemented as a computer-implemented method, computer program product, or device such as a television receiver, or in other types of embodiments.

Obtaining programming and other content in a variety of different ways is becoming more popular. For example, users may obtain access to content at a device from an over-the-air (OTA) television service provider, such as a satellite or cable television provider, or from an over-the-top (OTT) cloud-based television service provider, and each type of provider includes many different individual providers of content. However, pieces of content may be long and each usually include a variety of different types of subject matter. Therefore, it is difficult for users to obtain a compilation of the exact content they want when spread out over different content providers, different pieces of content, and different platforms. Supercuts may provide compilations of content.


To provide a driving system for a vehicle that can fulfill both drivability and regeneration efficiency. The driving system for the vehicle includes: an engine; a motor generator connected to a wheel; a clutch that changes transmission state between a disengagement state in which the engine is disengaged from the motor generator and an engagement state in which the engine is at least slightly engaged with the motor generator; and a one-way clutch capable of transmitting only power in a forward rotational direction from the engine to the motor generator, in which, when the power of the engine is transmitted to the motor generator, a first transmission method for transmitting the power through the one-way clutch with the clutch left disengaged and a second transmission method for transmitting the power through the clutch with the clutch engaged are changed in accordance with a vehicle state.

In recent years, hybrid vehicles have received attention as environmentally-friendly vehicles such as automobiles. A hybrid vehicle includes an internal combustion engine that is driven with gasoline and the like as fuel (hereinafter, referred to as engine) and an electric motor that is driven by electric power from a battery, as driving power sources.
As shown in FIG. 10, for such type of hybrid vehicle, the vehicle equipped with a driving system 300 formed with an engine 310, a driving unit 320, and a transmission 330 connected in series has been developed (for example, see Patent Document 1). The driving unit 320 includes an electric motor 321, a clutch 322, and a one-way clutch 323.
The electric motor 321 is disposed so as to rotate together with the transmission input shaft 331 of the transmission 330 as one unit. The clutch 322 is disposed between a crankshaft 311 of the engine 310 and the transmission input shaft 331 and changes a transmission state between the engine 310 and the electric motor 321 to a disengagement state and an engagement state. The one-way clutch 323 is disposed between the crankshaft 311 and the transmission input shaft 331 and transmits only power in a forward rotational direction from the engine 310 to the electric motor 321.
In the driving system 300, when the engine 310 is started, the clutch 322 is engaged, the electric motor 321 is driven, and the electric motor 321 cranks to start the engine 310 through the clutch 322. After the engine 310 starts, the clutch 322 is disengaged. Consequently, the output of the engine 310 is transmitted to the transmission 330 only through the one-way clutch 323.


An extrusion apparatus including at least one conical stator, and at least one conical rotor. The rotor is adapted for defibering or orienting a plastic material. The apparatus has an opening for receiving an elongate product or mandrel. The product or mandrel may be disposed in the apparatus such that, with the product or mandrel received in the opening, an extrusion conduit is defined in the opening between the product or mandrel and the rotor and stator. The rotor and stator are disposed with respect to one another to form a supply opening wherein the plastic material flows between the stator and rotor and is pressed into the extrusion conduit. A method for extrusion is also described involving the apparatus;

Previously when pipes were coated, an outer pipe was first formed on top of the pipe to be coated. In such a case, it was not possible to provide the outer pipe with the desired orientation, for example. Further, when a long screw is used in the present manner, the pipe to be coated warms up.
Norwegian Published Specification 159,841 discloses a crosshead tool provided with a rotating mandrel in connection with the extruder. With this arrangement, it is possible to form, but not maintain, the desired orientation during the coating of a cable, even though the coating layer can be pressed at least in principle against the cable with pressure, so that the adhesion of the coating to the surface to be coated can be improved.
The purpose of the present invention is to avoid prior art problems and to produce an extrusion apparatus that provides the product with the primarily desired permanent orientation.

Extrusion apparatus and method for orienting plastic material by using an extrusion apparatus


Resin particles comprised of an acrylic resin. Not only is the maximum compression deformation ratio thereof as great as 60% or more but also the load required for 60% compression deformation is as small as 60 mN or less. Wiring boards are therefore coupled in using an anisotropic conductive adhesive obtained by first manufacturing conductive particles having a conductive coating formed on a resin particle surface of the resin particles by adhering a conductive material to the surface of the above resin particles as a core. On dispersing the conductive particles in an adhesive material, the conductive particles sandwiched between metallic wires of the wiring boards are greatly deformed by a small load, so that the electrical devices having a high conduction reliability can be obtained.

Conventionally, an anisotropic conductive adhesive in which conductive particles are dispersed within an adhesive material has been widely used in coupling or assembling semiconductor devices, wiring boards, or the like.
Situations where two wiring boards are coupled in using the anisotropic conductive adhesive of the conventional art will be explained. FIG. 1(a) is an illustration of a process for coupling a wiring board 110 and a wiring board 120 to each other by means of the anisotropic conductive adhesive with use of the conductive particles, showing as a state prior to pressuring with heating. After rendering a metallic wiring 115 of the wiring board 110 and a metallic wiring 125 of the wiring board 120 face to each other, an anisotropic conductive adhesive 130 is sandwiched between surfaces of the wiring board 110, 120, having the metallic wiring 115,125, respectively.
Upon heating to press the entire portions in the above condition, an adhesive material 138 in the anisotropic conductive 130 is softened by heating, while by pressing, the metallic wirings 115, 125 push away the softened adhesive material 138, so that conductive particles 135 dispersed within the adhesive material 138 are sandwiched between the metallic wirings 115,125.
Where heating is further continued, the adhesive material 138 is hardened in a state while the conductive particles 135 are sandwiched between the metallic wirings 115, 125, and therefore, an electric device 101 as shown in FIG. 1(b) can be obtained. In the electric device 101, the two wiring boards 110 120 are coupled to each other not only mechanically by the hardened adhesive material 139 but also electrically through the conductive particles 135.
Meanwhile, it has been known that in using conductive particles having high compression deformation ratio as the conductive particles 135, the conduction reliability is improved since a process of heating with pressure compresses and deforms the conductive particles to enlarge the contact area between the conductive particles and the metallic wirings.
Publicly known as such a particle is a conductive particle in which a conductive coating is formed on a surface of a core particle comprised of a resin particle (see, e.g., Japanese Patent Application Publication No. JA-11-73817). The resin particle used for the core particle is formed by a condensation method for condensing resin particles having a small size or sizes, or y a seed polymerization method for growing seed particles by emulsion polymerization, so that such a resin particle has the high compression deformation ratio, thereby increasing the compression deformation ratio of the conductive particles, as a whole.
Even such a conductive particle, however, does not have the sufficient compression deformation ratio, and the conductive particles may be broken down when the pressing load is made larger to increase the deformation amount.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Resin particle, conductive particle, and anisotropic conductive adhesive containing the same

Sony Chemical & Information Device Corporation


The present disclosure provides a compressor system having at least one fluid compressor for compressing a working fluid. A lubrication supply system is operable for supplying lubrication fluid to the compressor. A closed loop cooling system using R718 refrigerant is provided to cool the working fluid. The closed loop cooling system includes a refrigerant compressor for compressing the refrigerant, a condenser operable for receiving compressed refrigerant gas and removing heat to form liquid refrigerant, and an expansion device for expanding and cooling the liquid refrigerant into a cooled gaseous refrigerant.

Industrial compressor systems are configured to produce large volumes of pressurized fluid such as air or the like. These compressor systems typically include cooling systems to cool fluids such as high temperature compressed air and oil or the like. Some compressor systems are located in regions of the world where water supply is scarce. These regions can also have relatively high ambient temperatures which causes difficulties in providing adequate cooling to system fluids. Some existing systems have various shortcomings relative to certain applications. Accordingly, there remains a need for further contributions in this area of technology.

Compressor with a closed loop water cooling system


In a nuclear reactor, a core barrel (46) is disposed in a reactor vessel (41) having an inlet nozzle (44) and an outlet nozzle (45), a core (53) is disposed in the core barrel (46), a lower plenum (58) is partitioned by the reactor vessel (41) and a bottom portion of the core barrel (46), and a downcomer portion (59) is partitioned by the reactor vessel (41) and a side wall of the core barrel (46). The lower plenum (58) includes a straightening member (61) formed of an upper ring (65) and a lower ring (69) in a ring shape, and a plurality of spokes (64 and 68) radially arranged inside the rings (65 and 69), respectively. Heat exchange efficiency is enhanced by uniformly supplying coolant introduced into a pressure vessel to the core from the lower plenum in a radial direction and a circumferential direction.

In pressurized water reactors (PWRs), light water is used as nuclear reactor coolant and neutron moderator, serves as high-temperature and high-pressure water that does not boil in the entire primary system. The high-temperature and high-pressure water is sent to a steam generator by which steam is generated by heat exchange, and the steam is then sent to a turbine generator to produce electricity.
In such pressurized water reactors, the core is cooled by introducing coolant into the nuclear reactor from outside, and circulating the coolant. In other words, the coolant flows in through a plurality of coolant inlet nozzles formed on a reactor vessel, flows down a downcomer portion provided between the reactor vessel and a core barrel, and reaches a lower plenum. The coolant then flows upward by being guided by the inner spherical surface of the lower plenum in the upper direction, passes through a lower core plate and the like, and flows into the core. The coolant flowing into the core absorbs thermal energy generated by fuel assemblies that form the core, thereby cooling the fuel assemblies. The temperature of the coolant becomes high, then the coolant flows upward to an upper plenum, and is discharged through a coolant outlet nozzle formed on the reactor vessel.
In such pressurized water reactors, the lower plenum includes structures such as a radial key that supports the core barrel and an in-core instrumentation guide tube for inserting test equipment into the fuel assemblies. Accordingly, the coolant supplied to the lower plenum through the downcomer portion collides with the structures and is dispersed. Consequently, the flow rate distribution of the coolant in the radial direction and the circumferential direction of the core is not uniform.
Therefore, for example, Patent Document 1 discloses a method of providing a connection plate to straighten the flow of coolant in the lower plenum. In the core structure of a nuclear reactor disclosed in Patent Document 1, the lower plenum includes a connection plate whose outer peripheral shape is asymmetric to the main flowing direction of the coolant. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent the generation and formation of separation vortices. Because the coolant uniformly flows into the core, the pressure drop of the coolant flow can be reduced, thereby stabilizing the coolant flow.
[Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 2005-009999


A radio communication apparatus has a switch for indicating occurrence of emergency, a speaker, a speaker driver for emitting an alarm sound by driving said speaker in response to the operation of the switch, and a transmitter for transmitting a predetermined alarm signal by radio. When an emergency condition occurs to an owner of the radio communication apparatus, the radio communication apparatus emits an alarm sound from the speaker and emits an alarm signal by radio in response to a switching operation. Therefore, a person a short-distance away will be informed of an emergency by sound, and a person a long-distance away will be received by using a radio.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a radio communication apparatus, and more specifically to a radio communication apparatus and a method for radio communication for use in case of an emergency.
2. Description of the Related Art
Users of a radio communication apparatus have a duty when an emergency such as disaster occurs, the users have to inform many other radio users of stricken conditions by radio.
In case of amateur radio communication apparatus, it is the general use when an emergency occurs, the user changes the operating frequency to a predetermined CALL frequency before communication. For example, in an FM communication, JARL (Japan Amateur Radio League) designates a CALL frequency for an emergency communication frequency, 433 MHz for a main frequency, 433.50 MHz for a sub frequency, etc. When the CALL frequency is set for an emergency communication frequency, someone who is waiting for a call can receive an emergency communication, and can be informed of occurrence of emergency and these conditions.
However, when an emergency occurs, a conventional radio communication apparatus has to be changed from a communicating frequency to an emergency communication frequency by the operator him/herself. Therefore, prompt correspondence can not be done.
And when a reception side radio communication apparatus receives a radio which indicates occurrence of emergency, if the sound volume of the reception side radio communication apparatus is low, the operator can not be informed of received contents. The same matter occurs, for example, in the case of the system which is composed of a base station and a plurality of branch stations, when a base station calls branch stations.
Moreover, a conventional radio communication apparatus can not be used when an owner is in a disaster and can not operate for radio communication, the owner can not ask for help by using a radio communication apparatus.

Radio communication apparatus and method for radio communication


An electronic assembly is constructed with an enclosed fluid-cooled cold plate. Pressurized cooling fluid is propelled through the cold plate to carry away heat from the electronic assembly. The cold plate is constructed from a plurality of enclosure elements which are attached together with a thermally-conductive adhesive. The adhesive may be cured at a low temperature of about 125° C. The cold plate may be produced from thin metal without distortion or warping that might otherwise result from assembly at higher temperatures.

The present invention is in the field of electronic equipment and, more particularly, electronic equipment which generates heat during its operation.
Certain types of electronic equipment may embody components which generate heat during their operation. Very often these heat-generating components may perform power supplying functions. It is common practice to integrate power-supplying functions along with logic functions in many types of electronic equipment. Such integration may permit electronic functions to be performed in compact and light weight assemblies. Compactness and light weight may be particularly useful in electronic equipment used in aircraft or space vehicles.
Electronic assemblies with integrated power-supplying components may be constructed with integrated heat-absorbing elements. Such heat-absorbing element may be referred to as cold plates. A typical cold plate, used for example in an aircraft, may comprise a metallic plate onto which heat-generating electronic devices are attached. The cold plate may be cooled by a flow of cooling fluid which may be a gas or a liquid. As the fluid flows, excess heat produced by the electronic assembly is carried away.
In some instances, it may be desirable to constrain the cooling fluid as it flows. In these cases, the cold plate may comprise an enclosure. The enclosure may have an entrance port and an exit port for cooling fluid. To enhance cooling, the fluid may be admitted to the cold plate at a high pressure, in the order of about 100 psi to about 300 psi. To withstand these high fluid pressures, the cold plate enclosure must be constructed with substantial mechanical strength. One obvious method for achieving mechanical strength is through use of a thick-walled enclosure. But thick-walled enclosures are inherently heavy and are therefore undesirable for aircraft applications.
To address the issue of desired mechanical strength and low weight, prior-art designers of aircraft cold plates have employed a composite configuration. In this prior-art configuration a metallic fin structure is sandwiched between two relatively thick (about 0.25 inch) metallic plates. The plates and fins are brazed together at a temperature of about 1400° F. to form a cold plate assembly. After brazing the cold-plate assembly may be heat treated at a temperature of about 1100 F. During exposure to these high temperatures the cold-plate assembly may become distorted or warped. It may lose some of its "flatness". Flatness of a cold plate is important because effective heat transfer from electronic devices into the cold plate requires maximum contact between a surface of the electronic device and the cold plate. If the cold plate is not flat the required contact may be diminished.
Restoration of flatness in prior art cold plates, may be achieved by machining an outer surface of the metallic plates and making them thinner. Typically the plate may be machined to reduce its thickness for about 0.25 inch to about 0.1 inch. This machining step may re-introduce flatness but it is costly and difficult to perform.
In some cold plate assemblies, mechanical strength may be enhanced by using bolts to hold the metallic plates and the fin together. Use of bolts, of course, requires creation of holes through which the bolts may pass. Each of these holes presents an opportunity for leakage of the cooling fluid. Consequently bolted cold plate assemblies require elaborate sealing structures around the bolts in order to prevent the cooling fluid leakage around the bolts.
When prior-art enclosed cold plates were used for cooling electronic assemblies, electronic devices were typically placed on only one side of a cold plate. It is very difficult and cumbersome to produce and use vias through an enclosed cold plate. In brazed constructions via apertures are subject to blockage during brazing. In bolted assemblies each via required a dedicated seal. Consequently, electronic assemblies constructed on enclosed cold plates consumed undesirable large areas because electronic devices could not be placed on both sides of an enclosed cold plate and interconnected through the cold plate.
As can be seen, it would be desirable to provide cooled electronic assemblies with economical and lightweight enclosed cold plates Additionally, it would be desirable to provide cooled electronic assemblies with electrically interconnected electronic devices placed on both sides of an enclosed cold plate.


A material trimmer for trimming sheet material having a blade slidingly engageable with the sheet material along a cutline and an indicator indicative of the approximate location of the cutline. The indicator provides for ready and correct orientation of the sheet material within the material trimmer. In one set of embodiments, the blade is attached to a carriage or trolley adapted for sliding translation along a portion of a guide. The guide is operatively connected to a base. The indicator is disposed in relation to a slot provided in the guide overlaying the sheet material orientated on the base. The indicator may comprise a cord operatively connected to the guide. The tension of the indicator is maintained or adjusted through manipulation of one or more tensioners operatively connected to the guide.

This section is intended to provide a background or context to the invention that is recited in the claims. The description herein may include concepts that could be pursued, but are not necessarily ones that have been previously conceived or pursued. Therefore, unless otherwise indicated herein, what is described in this section is not prior art to the description and claims in this application and is not admitted to be prior art by inclusion in this section.
Various conventional systems for trimming sheet material are known. However, it is often difficult or time consuming to orientate and align the sheet material in these systems so that the material may be readily cut at the desired location. The inability to correctly and efficiently determine the location of the cutline using a conventional material trimmer may result in substantial waste and inefficiency.
By way of example, one type of conventional paper trimmer provides a relatively long blade rotatably attached to a base. The trimming operation is performed by progressively lowering the blade along the length of the sheet material to be trimmed. However, it is generally difficult to accurately predict the precise location of the cutline prior to cutting the sheet material using such a system. Further, orientation of the material within and operation of such systems pose substantial safety risks. Another conventional material trimming system generally comprises a blade attached to a carriage adapted to slidingly translate on a guide along the length of the sheet material. However, these systems often conceal the sheet material beneath the guide and or a bulky carriage. Again, orientation and alignment of the sheet material within these material trimmers is difficult and or imprecise and reliable detection of the cutline prior to cutting can be difficult to identify.

Material trimmer with cut-line indicator


There is provided an apparatus for a satellite communication system comprising: a processor to determine at least one out of a phase offset for a frequency channel of a plurality of frequency channels demultiplexed from a carrier to compensate for group delay variation within the carrier and a gain offset for the frequency channel to compensate for gain variation within the carrier, wherein the processor is further configured to apply the at least one out of the determined phase offset and gain offset to the frequency channel before the carrier is reformed from said plurality of frequency channels. The invention therefore provides a way of digitally compensating for any undesired gain and group delay introduced by, for example, analogue components such as filters in the satellite communication system.

Satellite communication systems increasingly process signals in both the analogue and digital domain. The signals are often filtered and pre-processed in the analogue domain before being digitised. In the digital domain, the signals may be demultiplexed into a plurality of frequency bins, which are then processed and routed separately. The frequency bins are then multiplexed again to form the required downlink signals before the conversion back to the analogue domain.
The different components involved in processing the signals are designed to meet often strict requirements on signal quality. Gain and group delay variation as a function of frequency can cause signal degradation. It is therefore desirable that components involved in signal processing exhibit close to group delay flatness and gain flatness where possible. However, mass, cost and power considerations do not always make this possible, especially for components operating in the analogue domain. The issue of group delay and gain flatness is of most concern in the case of wider bandwidth carriers which will suffer the most performance degradation.
The invention was made in this context.


The present invention provides a method and an apparatus for communicating data over a network between a communication node, for example, an access point having a first and a second antenna and a first and a second mobile station. The method comprises weighting a first data at the access point to transmit the first data using the first and second antennas so that the first mobile station only receives the first data and weighting a second data at the access point to transmit the second data using the first and second antennas so that the second mobile station only receives the second data. A space division multiple access (SDMA) module may cause a transmission protocol to transmit the first data to the first mobile station on the downlink and transmit the second data to the second mobile station in parallel to the transmission of the first data on the downlink. In a telecommunication system, this substantially simultaneous transmission of the first and second data using a similar carrier frequency in a radio frequency communication over a wireless local area network (WLAN) may increase throughput of a downlink, for example, by a factor nominally equal to the number of antennas at an access point.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to telecommunications, and more particularly, to wireless communications.
2. Description of the Related Art
Service providers are constantly exploring various ways to generate more revenue while meeting demands of customers in different network environments including Intranet, Extranet, and e-commerce applications. For instance, telecommunication service providers exchange fee-based wireless and wireline traffic between mobile users and communication nodes, such as access points (APs) over a network to provide a variety of services to residential and business customers. An access point may be a transceiver that connects devices on a wireless local area network (WLAN) to the wired infrastructure. While an access point may be used by service providers to assure end-to-end quality of service and bandwidth guarantees over different network environments, a telecommunication service provider may offer Internet Protocol (IP) telephony and other network enhanced communication services to these customers. In doing so, these providers may employ optical and wireless networks, Internet infrastructure, communications software to enable, for example, Web-based enterprise solutions that link private and public networks.
One well-known standard, i.e., the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 specification describes the operation of mobile stations (MSs) and access points in a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). For a layered communication network protocol, this specification identifies both the physical layer (PHY), which details the nature of the transmitted signals, as well as the medium access control (MAC) layer, which defines a complete management protocol for interaction between mobile stations and access points. For more detailed discussion on the IEEE 802.11 standard (std.), one may refer to "Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications," published as IEEE std. 802.11, in 1999.
Specifically, at least three versions of the IEEE 802.11 standard exist, all sharing the same MAC 802.11b layer which operates in the 2.4 Giga Hertz (GHz) frequency band and has a PHY layer based on code division multiple access (CDMA), offering a peak data rate of 11 Mega bit per second (Mbits/s). The 802.11a and 802.11g versions operate in the 5.2 and 2.4 GHz bands respectively, both sharing a PHY layer based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), offering a peak data rate of 54 Mbits/s. The IEEE 802.11 specification allows interoperability between wireless communication equipment from multiple vendors, and is commercially marketed as "Wi-Fi."
Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA) has been studied extensively over the past few decades as a tool that uses spatial dimension to simultaneously transmit to, or receive from, multiple radios at the same carrier frequency. For more detailed discussion on the use of the spatial dimension to allow discrimination among multiple radio, one may refer to A. T. Alastalo, M. Kahola, "Smart-antenna operation for indoor wireless local-area networks using OFDM", IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 392-399, March 2003 and P. Vandenameele, L. Van Der Perre, M. G. E. Engels, B. Gyselinckx, H. J. De Man, "A combined OFDM/SDMA approach", IEEE Journal on Select Areas of Communications, vol. 18, no. 11 pp. 2312-2321, November 2000.
However, the application of SDMA to wireless mobile communication systems, especially to cellular systems, such as Global System of Mobile Communications (GSM), cdma2000 and Universal Mobile telecommunication Systems (UMTS) has not always been successful. While simple implementations in the form of a fixed sectorization have been found to be effective, more sophisticated schemes, such as dynamic beam-forming, have been difficult to implement due to serious incompatibilities with the multiple access protocols in the above-cited cellular systems. Therefore, the application of sophisticated techniques for increasing the data rates available to mobile stations on a downlink that both may comply with the IEEE 802.11a/g standard specifications has not been adequately addressed in the literature for many reasons.
One reason for a lack of a high throughput downlink is that in most wireless LANs, the radio conditions are different at a transmitter and a receiver. As shown, FIG. 3 illustrates a stylized representation of a transmission protocol defined at least in part by IEEE 802.11 standard between a transmitter and a receiver where the transmitter transmits a MAC protocol data unit (MPDU) following listening and backoff, and in turn, the receiver transmits an acknowledgment (ACK) frame subject to a successful reception of the MPDU. The transmitter has no way of knowing whether the transmitted data was received correctly at the receiver. To this end, the IEEE 802.11 specifications state that upon a successful reception of a data burst (i.e., an MPDU), the receiver should send an acknowledgment frame (ACK) to the transmitter as confirmation. Should the transmitter not receive an ACK frame, it will assume a lost MPDU and will attempt re-transmission. The time interval between the last symbols of the MPDU and the first symbol of the ACK frame is referred to as a Short Inter-frame Space (SIFS) interval and is fixed at 16 μs in IEEE 802.11 networks. While the duration of a MPDU is arbitrary, the duration of an ACK frame is between 24 and 44 μs, depending upon the modulation and coding PHY parameters.
More specifically, the IEEE 802.11 standard MAC protocol is based on carrier-sense multiple-access with collision-avoidance (CSMA/CA). This MAC protocol essentially describes a "listen before you talk" access mechanism, whereby a IEEE 802.11 radio (mobile or access point) listens to the communication medium before starting a transmission. If the communication medium is already carrying a transmission (i.e., the measured background signal level is above a specified threshold), the radio will not begin its transmission. In such circumstances, the radio enters a deferral mode, where it has to wait for a period over which the medium is idle before attempting to transmit. This period is the sum of a Deterministic Inter-frame Space (DIFS) interval (34 μs in 802.11a and g) and a stochastic backoff interval (a re-transmission delay) with discrete values uniformly distributed over a range. The value of this range doubles with every unacknowledged transmission, until a maximum limit is reached. Once a transmission is successfully received and acknowledged, the range is reduced to its minimum value for the next transmission.
Providing increased downlink throughputs to legacy IEEE 802.11 mobile stations is an important distinguishing feature and marketing tool. However, multiple acknowledgement (ACK) bursts from different mobile stations may cause a reception problem upon their arrival at an access point. Likewise, accurate channel estimations may severely impact on successfully increasing the downlink throughputs. Therefore, without requiring a modification to the legacy IEEE 802.11 compliant mobile stations, a substantial increase in data rates using a single carrier frequency is not readily apparent on a downlink from an access point to the mobile stations in a WLAN.
The present invention is directed to overcoming, or at least reducing, the effects of, one or more of the problems set forth above.

Communicating data between an access point and multiple wireless devices over a link


A light-emitting ceramic and a light-emitting device. The light-emitting ceramic comprises a YAG substrate and light-emitting centers and diffusion particles evenly dispersed in the YAG substrate. The light-emitting centers are lanthanide-doped YAG fluorescent powder particles of 10-20 μm in grain size. The particle size of the scattering particles is 20-50 nm. The YAG substrate is a lanthanide-doped YAG ceramic. Also, the grain size of the YAG substrate is less than the grain size of the YAG fluorescent powder particles.

YAG (Y3Al5O12, yttrium aluminum garnet, abbreviated as YAG) light-emitting ceramics are different from pure phase ceramics of YAG. By doping a lanthanide element such as cerium in YAG, a trace amount of this element replaces a position of partial yttrium, such that the YAG light-emitting ceramic obtains light-emitting properties and can convert incident light into light having a longer wavelength. The traditional YAG:Ce light-emitting ceramics are mainly developed for the light-emitting properties of LED (light emitting diode, LED), and because of the low power of the LED chip, the power density of the emitted blue light is relatively low and thus the power density of yellow light required for synthesizing white light is not high either. Therefore, the light-emitting efficiency of the light-emitting ceramic developed for LED has not received sufficient attention.
In the application of a laser light source, since the laser power is much larger than the LED, light-emitting ceramics need to withstand higher blue light power density and require good heat conduction and uniform light-emitting and so on, in addition, light-emitting ceramics are required to provide yellow light with higher power density so as to achieve white balance of white light, which makes the traditional light-emitting ceramics developed for LED unable to meet the usage requirements.
In addition, the YAG fluorescent ceramics in the prior art are prepared by solid phase sintering or the liquid phase method, in which the doping amount of ceria is very low, and the transmittance rate is high, so that the optical path of the incident excitation light within the ceramic is shortened, thereby making the absorption efficiency of the blue light be lowered, and the light conversion efficiency is relatively low.
Therefore, it is urgent to invent a new type of fluorescent ceramic to improve the light-emitting efficiency of the current transparent fluorescent ceramic and, moreover, to be suitable for high-power excitation light sources such as a laser device.

Light-emitting ceramic and light-emitting device


A P2P network system for reducing streaming delay in a peer-to-peer (P2P) network is provided. The P2P network system may include at least one peer, a seed server, and a tracker server that manages the network. The seed server provides content to the at least one peer. The peer, the seed server, and the tracker server operate such that the P2P network is managed based on the distance of each peer from the seed server.

1. Field
The following description relates to a streaming technology in a peer-to-peer (P2P) network, and more particularly, to a system for reducing streaming delay in a P2P network.
2. Description of the Related Art
Streaming technology may be used to play images, sound, animation files, and the like, in real time on the Internet, instead of downloading the entire file to a hard disk drive and then playing the file. When streaming data, before a file is completely transmitted, a user's browser or plug-in program begins to execute the data. Accordingly, the time it takes for the file to begin playing is reduced and the capacity of the hard drive is not substantially affected.
With the development of peer-to-peer (P2P) technology, P2P-based streaming services have become popular such as PPLIVE® and PPStream. In a P2P network for the streaming service, a user node may operate as a server to provide contents by sharing the load of a contents providing server. In doing so, the user node lightens the resource burden of the contents providing server. Even when a large number of users simultaneously use the service, for example, when an international sports match or a presidential inauguration are broadcast through the streaming service, the streaming service can be sufficiently provided without overextending a system. The streaming service using P2P technology can reduce costs for service providers and provides low service charge and a high quality of experience (QoE) for users.
However, the streaming service using P2P technology does not guarantee quality of service. For example, a transmission delay that effects real-time streaming characteristics, that are critical in live broadcasts, needs to be resolved for P2P streaming technology. The time at which a user plays a specific location of content is determined by adding the transmission time to the time at which the server transmits a content portion at the location. This difference in playing time due to transmission is called a transmission delay time. The transmission delay is severe in the P2P streaming technology because the P2P network has a structure that increases the delay due to content packets being iteratively stored and transferred via several hops, unlike a server-client model in which contents are directly received from a server.

Terminal, seed server, and tracker server for reducing delay in streaming service


A system and method for providing a fast, efficient and accurate method for recovery of depth information from a single image of a face is disclosed. The technique uses a novel thin-plate spline-based dense-correspondence method to align the face, and the representation incorporates a weighted framework, interpreting the depth recovery problem as a weighted data problem.

Automated recovery of 3D structural information from 2D images has received considerable attention from researchers over the last couple of decades. The first approaches to recovering 3D structure from 2D information include Shape-from-X techniques (Shading, Texture, Focus, etc). However, the complex appearance of skin under varying illumination makes face modeling using these approaches a very difficult task, and the results from these methods have largely been unsatisfactory. Multi-image techniques such as Structure from Motion or Stereo approaches utilize multiple views of the same face, separated either temporally or by pose, to reconstruct a 3D model, thereby limiting their real-world applicability. Photometric stereo based approaches have been demonstrated to obtain significantly accurate 3D face reconstructions, using multiple wavelengths of light for illumination and imaging. However, these techniques require a controlled illumination condition during acquisition.
Recently, shading information has been combined with generic shape information derived from a single reference model by utilizing global similarity of faces. However, this method is heavily dependent on the relevance of the template, requiring some form of manual initialization, and also the boundary conditions and parameters to be adjusted during the reconstruction process.
3D Morphable Models (3DMMs) are currently the most effective choice for reconstruction of 3D face models from a single image. The 3DMM technique is well understood as a powerful and reliable method for synthesis and analysis of 3D models of everyday objects such as faces. The formulation of the approach allows representation and rendering of a wide variety of 3D structures, textures, poses, and illuminations by controlling a few parameters. Perhaps the most impactful part of the technique is a method to automatically fit these parameters to an observed 2D rendering, hence allowing a complete and accurate reconstruction of 3D shape and texture from a single 2D image. The objective of the fitting procedure is formalized as the minimization of appearance dissimilarity computed in the rendered space, and it is solved by using an iterative stochastic gradient descent based method.
The 3DMM approach was revolutionary and unique when proposed. However, it suffers some draw-backs. To accurately fit a face, it requires manual initialization and oversight, and the iterative nature of the fitting technique makes it slow and therefore unusable for many applications requiring real-time performance. Additionally, the accuracy of the 3D reconstruction has never been thoroughly analyzed in literature; the only evaluation of the technique has been via the indirect route of evaluation of facial recognition across pose variations.
3DMMs demonstrated encouraging results from single input images, using separate linear shape and texture subspaces to describe the space of face models. While the technique is simple in formulation and impressive in reconstruction ability, it suffers from the requirement of manual initialization and the tediousness of the fitting procedure.
Recently, Generic Elastic Models (GEMs) were introduced as a new efficient method to generate 3D models from single 2D images. The underlying assumption in the GEM approach is that pure depth information is not significantly discriminative between individuals and it can be synthesized by using a deformable generic depth model, as long as the (x, y) spatial information of facial features is aligned. However, learning a generic 3D face model requires a large number of faces. Moreover, the use of loop subdivision to refine the mesh and densify the model results in an inhomogenous distribution of vertices on the face, as shown in the middle face in FIG. 1.
Mesh refinement (densification) approaches are typically used in computer graphics and CAD tools to accomplish a similar goal. Previous notable attempts at computing dense correspondences between faces include optical-flow based techniques and adaptive meshing techniques. Perhaps the most popular technique for mesh refinement is loop subdivision, which has known uses for modeling faces, including 3D Generic Elastic Models (3D-GEM). Loop subdivision, and related mesh refinement techniques have two important negative aspects: (1) due to their formulation, they move the positions of the original fiducial points in an irrecoverable manner. This is a potential hazard that must be avoided for accurate resynthesis of the face from the representation. (2) These techniques are principally driven by subdividing the initial triangular mesh that is provided. In the case of faces, this initial triangular mesh is obtained from the fiducial points by means of Delaunay (or similar) triangulation technique, which results in numerous smaller triangles around dense fiducial point locations (such as the eyes and lips), and fewer, larger triangles around areas with sparser fiducial points, such as cheeks. The result is that after mesh refinement, the resulting mesh vertices are severely concentrated around certain areas of the face, leading to a non-homogenous representation. An example of this is depicted in FIG. 1.
Therefore, it would be desirable to find a technique for densification that addresses the deficiencies of methods using loop subdivision for densification.

System and method for depth-recovery of a face in an image


A preferred embodiment has a generally rectangular solid shaped housing to allow side-by-side and stacked arrangements of a plurality of housings and provide for good floor space utilization, with connected interior compartments for feeding and watering, exercise, rest, and waste disposal. A separate, closed interior compartment provides for storage of occupant specific articles. A plurality of doors on the housing front elevation provide openings for pet entry and egress, cleaning, food and water replenishment, and storage access.

For any number of reasons, it is often convenient to confine cats or ferrets to cages. This is particularly true for veterinary clinics and animal boarding facilities. These commercial facilities must provide care for a number of such pets at any given time and, for the most part, use permanently installed cages. Adequate cage accommodations may not always be available and, in order to expand capacity when the need arises, it is not uncommon to use pet carriers. These pet carriers are the commonly seen "over-sized shoe boxes", with a wire door at one end and a handle on top. There are also a variety of pet containers that have been offered as playhouses. One of these is Reginald Baker's U.S. Pat. No. 5,050,536, with multiple levels and a plurality of entrance/egress apertures. Others, such as Michael Berger's U.S. Pat. No. Des. 349,783, provide a scratching post, a shelf-like perch and a glass front. Berl Rubin's U.S. Pat. No. 5,080,042 discloses a stackable play unit for animals, providing changable configurations to maintain the animal's interest.
Veterinary clinics and boarding facilities use the aforementioned pet carriers to utilize floor space efficiently and provide extra capacity because they are stackable and inexpensive. Since these carriers are intended primarily for in-transit situations, they provide only a minimum of living space and no separate relief facilities. Therefore, veterinary clinics and boarding operations use pet carriers for longer stays at the expense of some extra effort in caring for and exercising the animals.
Individual units can also be used to confine cats and ferrets in apartments and home when owners have a long weekend or extended workday. This is especially useful for pets that "break litter training" (soil the house) or tend to be destructive if left alone. This invention allows much greater freedom and less stress than a conventional four-sided pet carrier.
There is an abiding need for portable, stackable pet containers which are better adapted to confining animals such as cats and ferrets, while facilitating their care and allowing some amount of exercise. When caring for a number of pets a system for keeping track of private possessions, such as leashes, collars and toys is needed. Since an error may have grim consequences, another concern is being certain that any required medications are given to each pet. This is especially difficult to administer when there are a large number of animals, the turnover rate is high, and clients with special needs.
Caging unfamiliar animals and keeping them inside when the cage door is opened for feeding or any other reason is another aspect of caring for a large number of animals. If the cage door is small, it may be difficult to cage a reluctant animal. If the cage door is made large, the animal may slip out too easily.
Therefore, the first object of the present inventions is to provide a compact, stackable pet container in a form that is adapted to efficient use of floor space. A second object of the present invention is to provide this pet container in a form that facilitates caring for the animals. Yet a third object is that this pet container provide pleasant living quarters for the animal.

Living quarters container for cats or ferrets


A fluidic die that includes at least one temperature sensor coupled to at least one zone of the fluidic die, a setpoint register to receive a target temperature setpoint for the fluidic die wherein a detected temperature presented by the at least one temperature sensor is compared to the target temperature setpoint using a comparator module to get a firing pulse adjustment value, and a firing pulse used to convey an amount of fluid within the die is adjusted using the firing pulse adjustment value.

Printing devices include a pen used to eject printing fluid onto the surface of print media. The pen may be a page-wide array of silicon dies, a printing fluid cartridge including at least one silicon die, or any number of devices. Some of the silicon dies include a number of fluid chambers fluidically coupled to an orifice in which a resistive heater is placed. The resistive heater may cause a drive bubble to form within the fluid chambers causing a metered amount of printing fluid to be ejected out of the orifice.
Throughout the drawings, identical reference numbers designate similar, but not necessarily identical, elements. The figures are not necessarily to scale, and the size of some parts may be exaggerated to more clearly illustrate the example shown. Moreover, the drawings provide examples and/or implementations consistent with the description; however, the description is not limited to the examples and/or implementations provided in the drawings.

Setpoint registers to adjust firing pulses

Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.


A stabilizer-bar holding device includes a bracket and a body for a vehicle, which hold a stabilizer bar. A normal line that is normal to each of a pair of mounted surfaces of a pair of mounted portions of the body is inclined with respect to an up and down direction of the vehicle. A holding surface of a holder of the body has a first holding surface that is a flat surface greater than each of the pair of mounted surfaces in angle of inclination with respect to the up and down direction. An up and down plane extending in the up and down direction through a central axis of the stabilizer bar extends through the first holding surface in a state in which the stabilizer bar is held by the stabilizer-bar holding device.

Technical Field
The following disclosure relates to a stabilizer-bar holding device configured to hold a stabilizer bar.
Description of the Related Art
Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2012-240592) discloses a bar holding device constructed such that a stabilizer bar is held by a mounted surface of a body using a pair of brackets. A normal line that is normal to the mounted surface is inclined with respect to the up and down direction. The body has no holding surface contactable with a bushing. Patent Document 2 (Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 11-192828) discloses a bar holding device including a body provided such that a normal line that is normal to a mounted surface of the body extends in the up and down direction. This bar holding device includes a bracket having a recessed portion and a pair of mount portions provided on opposite sides of the recessed portion. Mount surfaces of the pair of mount portions are offset from each other, but the pair of mounted surfaces of the body are flush with each other. Patent Document 3 (Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2001-260624) discloses a bar holding device including two bushings, one of which is provided inside the other. The inner bushing has a polygonal shape. In this bar holding device, however, the cross section formed by a body and a bracket does not have a polygonal shape.


There is provided a whistle which suppresses any delay of sound to a listener and any attenuation of a sound volume, can transmit sound waves directly, can be blown with various tones, and has a large sound volume. Two kinds of whistles are stacked up and down and integrated together as a single whistle, an orifice is formed opposite to an air feeding opening to transmit sound waves directly to a listener. Moreover, an amount of air flowing into each air feeding tube of the whistle is controlled depending on an angle of putting a mouthpiece in a mouth to select a tone. A tone selecting member or an air amount adjusting flap is provided, and tone can be selected by mechanically blocking off each air feeding tube. Furthermore, an air amount adjusting flap which changes an air-feeding-path cross-sectional area of the air feeding opening, the air feeding tube, or the orifice is provided, and a sound volume can be changed by adjusting an amount of passing air.

Whistles are widely used as means for transmitting various pieces of information to a person or an animal far away quickly, inexpensively, and simply using the breath of a human without any electrical or mechanical complex mechanism. As is clear from the purpose thereof, the most important functions required for whistles are to blow discriminative tone which can be distinguished from other sounds and to be blown at a sound volume as large as possible.
It is well known that the whistles have the same blow principle as those of wind instruments. That is, the frequency (tone) of whistle sound is set based on the shape and the size of a resonant chamber, and the sound volume (magnitude of sound) is set based on an amount of air (airflow) to be blown in. In contrast, whistles as commercial products have advancement in the manufacturing method thereof based on the advancement of materials and machines, but have no large advancement in the principle ever since the original model was made in late 1800s. The structure of whistles can be classified into two kinds.
First one is that a mechanical oscillator like a cork is put in a resonant chamber formed in a short-cylindrical shape, and beat sound is generated by the turning motion of the oscillator due to exhaled breath and resonance, and this structure is the most popular structure because blowing is easy. Hereinafter, this is called an oscillator whistle.
Another is one which does not use a mechanical oscillator, and is configured by a plurality of tiny resonant rooms (hereinafter, a collection of plural tiny resonant rooms is called a composite resonant room) each formed in a single or plural long cylindrical shapes, and orifices. This structure requires a certain level of proficiency to blow, and is mainly used for sport referees. This structure is called a non-oscillator whistle.
Next, an explanation will be given of the present situation and the problem in detail relating to the foregoing two requisite performances (discriminative tone and sound volume). First, regarding the tone, because the practical shape of a resonant room and the size thereof are limited, the blown frequency is thus limited. More specifically, the frequency of an oscillator whistle is 2.5 to 3.5 KHz, and that of a non-oscillator whistle is 3.5 to 4.5 KHz. As is clear from those numerical data, the whistle sound of the oscillator whistles is low, and is called a "low-pitched sound type" in some cases. In contrast, the whistle sound of the non-oscillator type is high, and is called a "high-pitched sound type" in some cases, and both whistles are used selectively depending on the kinds of sporting events and the use environments.
Whistles used ordinary have a size in a mouthpiece end (air-supply end) formed by the width (15 to 24) mm multiplied by the height (6 to 9) mm and the length without a strap hole (42 to 55) mm. Accordingly, the range of the foregoing frequency further becomes narrow, it is difficult to distinguish tones among the same whistles, so that it brings about various problems. A noticeable example of such problems is that a plurality of same or different sporting events are simultaneously carried out at the same site. For example, in the case of basketball, games are simultaneously carried out at two courts or three courts in the same floor. In basketball games, it is often that whistles are blown to judge fouls properly, so that it is possible to hear the whistle sounds at an adjoining court, and the whistle sounds may be misrecognized, and often resulting in interruption of a game. Therefore, it is necessary for players to always pay attention whether or not a whistle sound is in their court, resulting in interruption of concentration to the game. Moreover, misrecognition may cause a trouble, and the game itself may become in a tangle. The same is true of other indoor sports, such as valley ball and a hand ball.
There is only one solution so far to use whistles having different tones (blown frequencies) in order to overcome the foregoing problem. Accordingly, referees are required to have different kinds of and a plurality of whistles, and it is confirmed in a meeting prior to a game that whistles having similar tones will not be used. In practice, however, it is not always true that a referee has a sufficient number of whistles for selection of tones, so that the foregoing problem remains unsolved yet.
So far, there are several proposes as techniques of realizing discriminative tone. The most popular technique is to utilize beat sound. Typical examples of such technique can be seen in U.S. Pat. No. 5,086,726 or U.S. Pat. No. 4,821,670. Both are non-oscillator whistles having three tiny resonant chambers with different lengths, i.e., a composite resonant chamber. The former has the three tiny resonant chambers each formed in a rectangular shape with a different length and arranged in the horizontal direction, while the latter has the two tiny resonant chambers among the three tiny resonant chambers, formed in a long-cylindrical shape with different lengths, and arranged at both sides of a top face, and also has the remaining one arranged at the center of the bottom face. Both whistles have the tiny resonant chamber with a length of 16 mm to 25 mm. According to both whistles, blown air flows through an air feeding tube commonly communicated with individual tiny resonant chambers (hereinafter, common air feeding tube), flows through individual air feeding tubes, and is fed in individual tiny resonant chambers, thereby generating resonance. The reason why the common air feeding tube is long (9 to 10 mm) is to suppress any nonuniform feeding of air into individual resonant chambers. Each resonance has a slightly different frequency, so that beat sound is generated which is well known conventionally. However, because individual tiny resonant chambers are not independent from one another, it is not possible to blow the resonant chambers individually, and the three tiny chambers work together as a single composite resonant chamber, resulting in a function as a single whistle. Accordingly, there is generated beat sound, but the tone thereof is fixed and single one, and it is not possible to blow the whistle while changing the tone. Therefore, in comparison with non-oscillator types having no beat sound, the tone differs, but there is no large difference in tones among whistles having beat sound because of the similar lengths of tiny resonant chambers.
Another interesting proposal is disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Application KOKAI Publication No. S60-49598. This propose utilizes the principle of open tube/close tube of wind instruments which is well known conventionally, and the resonant frequency is changed by forming an opening in a part of the wall of the resonant chamber in addition to an orifice. Furthermore, according to this disclosure, in addition to the foregoing propose, there is another propose that two resonant chambers having different lengths and air feeding tubes connected thereto respectively are arranged symmetrically in the horizontal direction. However, it is difficult to individually blow each of the two air feeding tubes arranged in the horizontal direction from the standpoint of a structure that the mouth cavity of a human is long in the horizontal direction, so that there is a problem that it is not possible to separately blow two different whistle sounds using a single whistle.
Moreover, forming an air exhaust port in addition to an orifice produces air leak, so that it is not possible for a person having a small breathing capacity, such as a child or an elder person to blow the whistle because he/she becomes hard to breathe. Unexamined Japanese Patent Application KOKAI Publication No. H07-64562 discloses a similar propose to the foregoing one, but the same is true in regard to this problem.
Conversely, regarding the sound volume, there is no whistle so far which can generate remarkably large sound. This is because the blow principle is same and the size is limited within a narrow range, so that it is difficult to find a new concept, and as far as it stands, an air feeding amount is increased or decreased as needed. The typical area of air feeding opening of the conventional whistles is 38 to 45 mm2 regardless of the oscillator type and the non-oscillator type. This is a size set with a view to enable most people including females and children to blow the whistle without becoming hard to breathe.
The sound volume of whistle sound of whistles is proportional to an air feeding amount per unit time (V), and the stronger a whistle is blown, the more the air feeding amount per unit time increases, resulting in increasing of the sound volume. Conversely, the breathing capacity of a man (L) is limited, so that it is not possible to keep blowing without limitation, and a whistling continuous time (T) is inversely proportional to the air feeding amount per unit time. That is, a relational expression that L=V×T is concluded.
As a specific example, in the case of an adult male, the average breathing capacity is 4000 cc, when the same male blow a typical oscillator whistle most strongly, i.e., the continuous time of the maximum sound volume is about 7 seconds, and as a result, the air feeding amount per unit time at the maximum sound volume (maximum air feeding amount per unit time) becomes 571 cc/sec. As is clear from this result, there is a close relation between the maximum sound volume and the maximum air feeding amount per unit time.
If a whistling person remains same, the maximum air feeding amount per unit time is set based on the size of an air feeding opening, the size, shape, and length of an air feeding tube, and the size of an orifice. According to conventional whistles, however, because those are all fixed, the maximum air feeding amount per unit time is also fixed and cannot be changed. That is, the maximum sound volume is thus fixed, and it is not possible to blow a whistle with a sound volume louder than the fixed maximum sound volume.
The only specific solution so far which can generate large sound and which is commercially available is a whistle having an increased whole size thereof, but females and children having little breathing capacity may have difficulty to breathe, so that not all people can use such a whistle, and it is not practical solution.
One of another reason why the sound volume is insufficient is that the orifices of conventional whistles are all opened upwardly (toward the top face direction). Because a listener is positioned in the front direction in most cases, whistle sound is once directed upwardly, and sound waves which reflect a ceiling or a wall reaches such a listener. As is conventionally well known, the sound volume is inversely proportional to the square of distance, so that reaching sound waves are unnecessarily attenuated.
Furthermore, because reflected wave has a longer propagation distance, a time until the wave reaches becomes long. As an example, the speed of sound propagating in air is m/sec, so that when a reflective reaching distance is m, it takes about seconds, and this is normegligible for a sport referee who uses a whistle and needs an instant judgment.


A flat panel display device has a transistor in which cross-talk is minimized. The flat panel display device includes a substrate, a first gate electrode formed on the substrate, a first electrode insulated from the first gate electrode, a second electrode insulated from the first gate electrode and surrounding the first electrode in the same plane, a semiconductor layer insulated from the first gate electrode and contacting the first electrode and the second electrode, and a display element including a pixel electrode electrically connected to one of the first electrode and the second electrode.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a flat panel display device, and more particularly, to a flat panel display device having a transistor in which cross-talk is minimized.
2. Description of the Related Art
A conventional inverted coplanar thin film transistor (TFT), includes gate electrodes being formed on a substrate, source electrodes and drain electrodes being formed above the gate electrodes, respectively, and a gate insulating layer being interposed between the source electrode and the gate electrode, between the drain electrode and the gate electrode, between the source electrode and the gate electrode, and between the drain electrode and the gate electrode. A semiconductor layer contacts the source electrodes and the drain electrodes. The source electrodes and the drain electrodes may be interchanged.
In the above structure, the semiconductor layer is not patterned but is formed as a single body for two adjacent thin film transistors (TFTs). In this case, cross-talk in which adjacent TFTs affect one another due to a leakage current, etc. may occur. Thus, in order to prevent cross-talk from occurring, the semiconductor layer should be patterned to be separately used by each TFT. However, in the case of an organic TFT using an organic semiconductor layer as the semiconductor layer, it is very difficult to pattern the semiconductor layer, and even if the organic semiconductor layer is patterned, electrical characteristics of the organic semiconductor layer are degraded.


The comb includes a shaft with teeth extending therefrom, preferably including fine teeth and coarse teeth. A light is coupled to the comb. The light is preferably in the form of an LED and carried on a light module which is removably attachable to the shaft of the comb. This light module includes a circuit therein, a source of electric power typically in the form of a battery and a switch. The switch can be manipulated to cause power from the battery to pass through the circuit to the LED (or other light) to cause light to shine from the comb. The light module is removably attachable to facilitate cleaning of other portions of the comb, such as by submersion in a cleaning liquid.

Combs come in a variety of different shapes and configurations for the styling of hair. Combs generally have in common a spine with a plurality of parallel teeth extending generally perpendicular from a length of the spine. With some combs teeth extend from opposite sides of the spine. With some combs course teeth and fine teeth extend from different regions of the spine. With some combs a handle extends from the spine, either along a long axis of the spine or perpendicular to the spine or in some other orientation relative to the spine.
Typically, the comb has its teeth slid between locks of hair to be styled and then is moved generally perpendicular to a direction in which the teeth extend from the spine. This causes the teeth to pass through the hair and to cause the hair to line up generally with the direction that the comb is moving.
Combs are used in styling hair, often along with other tools including scissors, clippers (typically electric clippers), razors and other styling tools such as spray bottles, blow dryers, liquid hair styling additives and other styling accessories.
When styling hair it is important that sufficient light be provided so that one can see how the styling activities are acting upon the hair and so that a desired outcome is achieved. The light can be provided by cutting the hair during daylight outdoors, through large daylight windows in a barbershop or styling salon or similar location, or through artificial lights, sufficiently bright so that the hair stylist can clearly see the hair that is being styled.
On occasion circumstances dictate that hair be styled in a location which has inadequate light. While a stylist could provide a separate handheld lighting tool, such as a flashlight, such an additional light would require typically that it be held by a hand of the stylist or require an additional person to hold the light for the stylist to be able to see. Because the stylist typically needs both hands available for effectively implementing the styling procedures, such as utilizing a comb in one hand and scissors or clippers in the other hand, the stylist does not have a convenient opportunity to hold the light while styling the hair. Accordingly, a need exists for an apparatus and method to provide lighting to augment the light available to a stylist, which is conveniently carried by the stylist but does not require one of the hands of the stylist to be dedicated to the holding of the light, but rather leaves both hands of the stylist free to perform hairstyling procedures.


Provided is an automatic stop and restart device for an engine that is capable of suppressing occurrence of an abnormal condition even if a transmission state is changed during an engine restart process after an engine restart condition is satisfied in an automatic engine stop process. A controller performs the automatic engine stop process and the engine restart process. If a determined state of a transmission is a drive range, a transmission state determination unit drives a pinion gear thrust unit at timing determined by a first pinion gear thrust timing determination unit. If the determined state of the transmission is a non-drive range, the transmission state determination unit drives the pinion gear thrust unit at timing determined by a second pinion gear thrust timing determination unit.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an automatic stop and restart device for an engine, which stops an engine automatically when a predetermined automatic engine stop condition is satisfied and restarts the engine when a predetermined restart condition is satisfied after the automatic engine stop condition is satisfied.
2. Description of the Related Art
In recent years, there are developed automatic engine stop and restart systems which stop an engine automatically and then restart the engine automatically for a purpose of improving fuel efficiency of automobiles or decreasing environmental load. The automatic engine stop and restart system automatically stops the engine if a predetermined automatic engine stop condition for stopping the engine is satisfied by a driver's operation (e.g., if a brake operation is performed at vehicle speed under a predetermined speed). In addition, the automatic engine stop and restart system automatically restarts the engine if a predetermined restart condition is satisfied by a driver's operation (e.g., if a brake releasing operation or a gas pedal depressing operation is performed).
For instance, Japanese Patent No. 4214401 discloses a conventional device in which, if a request for restart is issued during a period of decreasing engine rotation just after idle stop, a controller starts a cranking operation without waiting for the engine rotation being completely stopped. More specifically, in this conventional device, if a request for restart is issued during a period of decreasing engine rotation just after idle stop, the controller controls a starter pinion gear to rotate. Further, when the rotation speed of the starter pinion gear is synchronized with a predicted rotation speed of a ring gear, the controller controls the starter pinion gear to engage with the ring gear so as to start the cranking operation.
Next, operation timings of the conventional device as disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 4214401 are described with reference to a timing chart illustrated in FIG. 31. In FIG. 31, a ring gear rotation speed is represented by reference numeral 1001; a pinion gear rotation speed, 1002; a starter drive signal, 1003; and a pinion gear thrust signal, 1004. An automatic engine stop condition is satisfied at time t1, and the controller starts the engine stop process. After that, an engine restart condition is satisfied at time t2, and the controller turns on the starter drive signal so that the pinion gear starts to rotate.
Further, at time t3, it is predicted that the ring gear rotation speed and the pinion gear rotation speed are synchronized with each other after a pinion gear abutment delay time ΔT. Therefore, the controller turns on the pinion gear thrust signal. At time t4, the ring gear rotation speed and the pinion gear rotation speed are synchronized with each other. At the same time, the pinion gear abuts against and engages with the ring gear. After that, the controller controls the pinion gear to rotate and drives the ring gear so that the engine is cranked and is restarted.
In the conventional device as disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 4214401, the controller predicts the ring gear rotation speed in the future and controls timing to thrust the pinion gear in synchronization with the timing when it is predicted that the pinion gear rotation speed and the ring gear rotation speed are synchronized with each other. However, the conventional device as disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 4214401 considers nothing about the case where the driver selects the non-drive range during the engine restart process.
Therefore, in this case, a ring gear rotation speed decrease amount in the non-drive range is different from a ring gear rotation speed decrease amount in the drive range. Therefore, the pinion gear rotation speed and the ring gear rotation speed cannot be synchronized at a time point of abutment, and the pinion gear is pressed to the ring gear in the state where the gears cannot engage with each other. As a result, in the conventional device as disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 4214401, there is a risk that noise is generated or a mechanism is broken.
The above-mentioned problem of the conventional device as disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 4214401 is described with reference to a timing chart illustrated in FIG. 32. In FIG. 32, the ring gear rotation speed is represented by reference numeral 1001; the pinion gear rotation speed, 1002; the starter drive signal, 1003; the pinion gear thrust signal, 1004; and a transmission state, 1005. At a time point t1, the automatic engine stop condition is satisfied, and the controller starts the engine stop process.
After that, at a time point t2, the engine restart condition is satisfied. Therefore, the controller turns on the starter drive signal so as to control the pinion gear to start rotating. Then, at a time point t3, the controller predicts that the ring gear rotation speed and the pinion gear rotation speed are synchronized with each other after the pinion gear abutment delay time ΔT and turns on the pinion gear thrust signal.
At a time point t4, the transmission state is changed from a D range to an N range, and hence the ring gear rotation speed decrease amount changes. As a result, at a time point t5, the ring gear and the pinion gear abut against each other but cannot engage with each other because the ring gear rotation speed and the pinion gear rotation speed are not synchronized with each other. Therefore, noise may be generated or the mechanism may be broken.

Automatic stop and restart device for an engine


A power electronics module includes a frame, a jet impingement cooler assembly, and a power electronics assembly. The frame includes a first surface, a second surface, a power electronics cavity within the first surface of the frame, a fluid inlet reservoir, and a fluid outlet reservoir. The fluid inlet and outlet reservoirs extend between the first surface of the frame and the second surface of the frame. The fluid inlet reservoir and the fluid outlet reservoir are configured to be fluidly coupled to one or more additional modular power electronics devices. The jet impingement assembly is sealed within the frame and fluidly coupled to the fluid inlet reservoir and the fluid outlet reservoir. The power electronics assembly includes at least one power electronics component, is positioned within the power electronics cavity, and is thermally coupled to the jet impingement cooler assembly. Power electronic module assemblies are also disclosed.

Heat sinking devices may be coupled to a heat generating device, such as a power electronics device, to remove heat and lower the maximum operating temperature of the heat generating device. Cooling fluid may be used to receive heat generated by the heat generating device by convective thermal transfer, and remove such heat from the heat generating device. For example, a jet of cooling fluid may be directed such that it impinges a surface of the heat generating device. Another way to remove heat from a heat generating device is to couple the device to a finned heat sink made of a thermally conductive material, such as aluminum.
However, as power electronics are designed to operate at increased power levels and generate increased corresponding heat flux due to the demands of newly developed electrical systems, conventional heat sinks are unable to adequately remove the heat flux to effectively lower the operating temperature of the power electronics to acceptable temperature levels.
Additionally, each power electronics application may require different power electronics components. For example, in the motor vehicle context, one hybrid electric vehicle (or electric vehicle) model may require an electric drive circuit having power electronics components that is different from that of an electric drive circuit of a second hybrid electric vehicle model. Currently, each motor vehicle model has a dedicated power electronics drive circuit assembly that is not shared with other motor vehicle models. A modular approach to power electronics drive circuit assemblies may be desired to reduce manufacturing costs.
Accordingly, a need exists for alternative power electronics modules and power electronics assemblies.

Power electronics modules and power electronics module assemblies

Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc.


A speaker system including in combination a speaker and surface mounting apparatus is disclosed. The speaker system has an adapter that secures the speaker system to the wall. A speaker box is secured to the adapter and has at least one speaker that is secured to at least one speaker portal wall of the speaker box, or speaker enclosure. A speaker portal wall is disposed in a plane that is oriented at an angle relative to the wall and is disposed outboard of the wall. A surface mounting adapter has a peripheral edge portion and a planar portion extending between the peripheral edge portion and the enclosure structure. Portions of at least four sides of the enclosure structure protrude from the planar portion of the wall. Other portions of at least four sides of the enclosure structure are recessed relative to the planar portion of the wall.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a wall or ceiling mount and enclosed speaker box that is partially recessed and angularly oriented relative to the wall or ceiling.
2. Background Art
Audio speakers for broadcast music, recorded music players, and video entertainment systems are provided in a wide variety of types and styles. Audio systems may be designed for use in buildings, vehicles, or outdoor locations. Generally, audio speaker designs for a vehicle are not ideal for use in buildings. Likewise, audio speakers for use in homes, business, or other buildings are not appropriate for use in vehicles. Recreational vehicles such as motor homes, trailers, or boats are normally designed to provide all the comforts and convenience of home, however, speakers designed for use in buildings cannot usually be used in a recreational vehicle because they are not easily, or attractively anchored.
Typically, speakers used in buildings are provided as bookshelf speakers or floor supported cabinet speakers. Recently, bracket mounted cube or surround sound speaker boxes have been developed for mounting small enclosed speakers to a wall by means of a bracket. Brackets hold the speaker enclosure away from the wall to which they are secured. Bracket mounted speakers require space and are not well adapted for use in vehicles.
Speakers designed to be used in vehicles are generally flush mounted in a dashboard top, package shelf behind a seating area, or inside interior panels. Speciality vehicles such as motor homes, trailers and boats generally have speakers that are flush mounted to the wall or ceiling of the speciality vehicle. Flush mounted speakers cannot be aimed in that sound is focused in a direction that is perpendicular to the plane of the wall or ceiling to which the speaker is mounted. Flush mounted speakers are not generally adjustable and must be mounted within the space provided behind an interior wall or ceiling. Flush mounting arrangements impose some limits on acoustic performance. While bracket mounted speakers may be used in speciality vehicles, expensive brackets must be provided that increase the amount of space required and tend to be unattractive.
There is a need for a speaker mounting arrangement that is attractive and minimizes space requirements. There is also a need for a speaker mount that can be directed toward a listening position and that offers excellent acoustic properties that can be provided within enclosed speakers having internal baffling and wave guides. There is also a need for a speaker mounting arrangement that may be suitable for home or vehicle use and that is particularly well suited for use in speciality vehicles. These needs are addressed by applicant's invention as summarized below.


A printed wiring board includes a bridge located in a surface layer, a noise absorber located on the bridge, a plurality of grounds directly connected or high-frequency-connected to the bridge, a first device using one of the plurality of grounds as a reference potential, a second device using one of the plurality of grounds other than the ground for the first device as a reference potential, and a high-speed signal line that connects the first device and the second device. The high-speed signal line is routed through a layer adjacent to the bridge in a layer direction of the printed wiring board to form a transmission line structure.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a printed wiring board, in particular, to a printed wiring board that can remove the conduction noise transmitted through a ground.
2. Description of the Related Art
There are many conventional printed wiring boards that include both a digital circuit and an analog circuit on a single printed wiring board. Noise suppression becomes more essential for the devices that are mounted on such printed wiring boards as their operating speed becomes faster. Techniques for noise suppression in these printed wiring boards may include a technique that prevents conduction noise from the ground of a digital circuit from flowing into an analog circuit or a wireless communication circuit by separating the ground of the digital circuit and the ground of the analog circuit or the wireless communication circuit.
For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. H 09-199818 describes an invention in accordance with such techniques, in which influx of noise generated in a digital circuit can be prevented by constructing a printed inductor as a structure for separating a signal ground and a frame ground or the ground of an analog circuit and the ground of a digital circuit, wherein the printed inductor has a zigzag or spiral wiring pattern to connect these grounds. However, when high-speed signal transmission through a high-speed signal line is used for communication between an analog circuit and a digital circuit, the invention requires a wider pattern width for the printed inductor, when the high-speed signal line pattern is laid out along the shape of the printed inductor so that the return current path necessary for high-speed signal transmission is ensured. Therefore, the inductance value is reduced and the noise generated in the digital circuit may not be effectively suppressed. Additionally, the quality of the signal deteriorates. Moreover, the method disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. H 09-199818 prevents the noise generated in the digital circuit from flowing into the analog circuit by constructing an inductance with a spiral printed inductor as a ground. However, this method also blocks the return signal in the ground directly below the signal line, and thus results in a deteriorated signal. Therefore, the exchange of a digital signal between devices becomes difficult.
Also, Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 2006-245081 discloses an invention that provides a digital/analog hybrid printed wiring board with an improved quality of waveform of the signal between the digital circuit and the analog circuit. This is achieved by creating an inner layer wiring pattern between the through holes formed in the digital circuit part and the analog circuit part and creating a spiral return current path including a plurality of through holes formed along the longitudinal direction of the inner layer wiring pattern.
In this invention, it is necessary to increase the pattern width of the spiral conductor to some extent, which constitutes a return current path for the inner layer wiring pattern between the digital circuit and the analog circuit. Therefore, although the shield effect on the wiring pattern can be expected, the inductance value is reduced, and thus, the noise generated in the digital circuit cannot be suppressed effectively.
Consequently, the printed wiring board needs to be redesigned in order to prevent the noise from the digital circuit from flowing into the analog circuit and modification of the design is required.