A method for forming a direct positive image composed of the step of developing with a surface developer an imagewise exposed photosensitive material compose of support having thereon at least one photosensitive emulsion layer containing unprefogged silver halide grains capable of forming an internal latent image; the at least the photosensitive emulsion layer composed of hexagonal tabular silver halide grains in an amount of at least 30 wt %, based on the total silver amount of silver halide grains therein; the hexagonal tabular grains having two parallel hexagonal faces, the ratio of the longest side to the shortest side of the hexagon being at most 2; the aspect ratio of the hexagonal tabular grains being from 2 to 8; and the hexagonal tabular grains having a monodisperse size distribution. The method provides increases in processing speed, maximum density, and contrast in the toe portion, and an improvement in graininess, even when exhausted processing solutions are used.

Photographic processes according to which direct positive images can be obtained without requiring reversal processing or negative film are well-known.
As for the method of forming a direct positive image utilizing a silver halide emulsion of internal latent image type, various methods are known, such as those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,592,250, 2,466,957, 2,497,875, 2,588,982, 3,317,322, 3,761,266, 3,761,267 and 3,796,577, British Patents 1,151,363, 1,150,553 and 1,011,062.
In order to form a direct positive image, an internal latent image type silver halide photosensitive material is processed with a surface color developer after or while receiving a fogging treatment, and then subjected to bleach processing and fixation processing (or a bleachfix processing). After fixation, the photosensitive material is usually subjected to a washing and/or stabilizing treatment.
In the formation of direct positive image using an optical or chemical fogging method, it takes a long time to complete the photographic processing because of a low developing rate, compared with the formation of ordinary negative images. Therefore, a method of increasing the pH and/or the temperature of a developer used has so far been adopted as a measure for shortening the processing time. However, such a method has a problem that a high pH of the developer generally causes an increase in the minimum image density of the direct positive image formed. In addition, deterioration of the developing agent attributable to aerial oxidation and a lowering of pH caused by adsorption of carbon dioxide gas in the air tend to occur under high pH conditions, and thereby the developing activity of the developer is markedly lowered. Another problem is that the development processing performed under high temperatures causes, in general, a decrease in contrast of the positive image produced, especially in the toe portion thereof.
Other methods for increasing the developing rate in the formation of a direct positive image include the utilization of hydroquinone derivatives (as described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,227,552), and the utilization of mercapto compounds containing a carboxylic or sulfonic acid group (as described in JP-A-60-170843 (the term "JP-A" as used herein means an "unexamined published application")). However, the effects produced by using such compounds are small. Under these circumstances, methods of effectively heightening the maximum density of direct positive images without increasing their minimum densities romain to be found. In particular, a method providing a sufficiently high maximum density even by processing with a low pH developer is desired.
Moreover, increase of the development time in photographic processing of direct positive photosensitive materials of internal latent image type has the problem that the contrast in the toe portion of the produced images tends to be decreased. In this respect, methods of increasing developing rate are desired.
Instant color photography (or color forming material transfer process) can provide a positive image in a short time and here also, a reduction of development time is desired.
Direct positive photosensitive materials further have the deficiency that they are inferior to conventional negative photosensitive materials in sharpness and graininess of the produced images. In particular, this defect becomes remarkable when the oxidation of a developing agent in the developer, a lowering of pH, an increase in bromine ion concentration and so on occur in running processing to deteriorate the developer, or the photosensitive materials are stored for a long time under severe conditions. Accordingly, methods achieving satisfactory sharpness and graininess even by the use of a low pH developer are desired.
A method utilizing an internal latent image type emulsion which contains tabular silver halide grains having a grain thickness less than 0.5 .mu.m, a grain diameter of 0.6 .mu.m or more and an aspect ratio of 8 or more is described in JP-A-58-108528, which brings about an improvement in sharpness and graininess of the produced images. However, the improvement is still insufficient. Also, this method has a small effect on the heightening of the maximum image density without being attended by an increase of the minimum image density, and on an increase in developing rate. Further, an increase in contrast in the toe portion of the image is not obtained by this method.
Japanese Patent Application No. 299155/86 discloses that a silver halide emulsion containing monodisperse, hexagonal, tabular silver halide grains has effects on enhancement of the sensitivity in color sensitization, improvement of the image sharpness and lowering of the intrinsic sensitivity, but does not contain any description of methods for forming direct positive images. In addition, high sensitivity and low re-reversal sensitivity are described in an example of the foregoing patent specification wherein the monodisperse, hexagonal, tabular silver halide grains are applied to color instant photography and the aspect ratio of the grains used is 11.3.

Method for forming a direct positive image


Disclosed is a system. The system includes a mold-moving assembly that is cooperative with an insert-forming station to form an insert at least in part. The mold-moving assembly is also cooperative with an overmolding station to overmold another insert previously formed by the insert-forming station in cooperation with the mold-moving assembly. The mold-moving assembly, when so actuated, moves inserts between the insert-forming station and the overmolding station. Operation of the insert-forming station and operation of the overmolding station overlap one another at least in part.

WO Patent No. 2004/011315 (Inventor: Staargaard et al; Assignee: General Electric Company, USA), WO Patent No. 2004/056610 (Inventor: Staargaard; Assignee: General Electric Company, USA) and US Patent Application No. 2003/0077409 (Inventor: Schnell) all appear to disclose a process and system for inserting a hydro-formed metal insert into a mold of a molding machine, and then partially encapsulating or overmolding the formed insert with a molding material (such as a plastic resin). This approach includes using different types of machines, one type for forming and another type for molding.
European Patent Number 826,476 (Inventor: Buchholz; Assignee: Tecumseh Products Company, USA) appears to disclose loading and forming an insert (that is, a tube) in a single mold of a molding system, and then encapsulating or overmolding the insert with a molding material (such as a plastic resin). This approach includes performing the forming operation and the overmolding operation (operational steps that appears to be performed serially—one after the other) in the single mold.
An article titled Secondary Operations: Unique System Uses Press Motion As Punch and Die (published by Plastics World in September 1992, page 10) appears to disclose a molding system having a mold. With the mold opened, a press operator loads a metal insert (that is a metal buss bar) into the mold. As a press closes and clamps, a punch and die mechanism pierces a slug in the insert, and then a nylon-based molding material is injected into the mold to overmold the insert. The forming operation and the overmolding operation are performed sequentially (serially) in the same mold.
A document (dated October 1989, titled ALPHA—Multi-processing Technology and published by Krauss Maffei of Germany), appears to disclose the ALPHA molding system that appears to be an integration of several types of molding systems (such as, for example, a compression molding system, an injection molding system and/or a gas-pressure molding system). This arrangement appears to combine different molding materials into a molded article using different processes.
German Patent Number 1,130,155 (Inventor: Voumard et al; Assignee: Regoma Company Limited) appears to disclose a process for joining or welding a tube head to a tube body. An injection mold uses a sprue channel for injection of plasticized resin. The sprue channel serves to create the tube head and it is designed as an annular passage or as a ring of closely adjacent boreholes, which feeds directly into the vicinity of a connection site that welds the tube head and the tube body in a molding chamber. The plasticized resin is fed under pressure into the channel and completely fills the space intended for the tube head so that in this manner the tube head is formed and simultaneously welded to the end of the tube body of the preform. Apparently, it is required to avoid pronounced cooling of the plasticized resin before it reaches the welding site to avoid jeopardizing secured welding of the tube body with the tube head. It appears that the tube head must be welded to a tube body so that when the tube body is manually depressed, the contents (such as toothpaste, for example) will not egress from the weld line but will egress from the opening defined in the tube head. This process appears to be a serial execution of operational steps.


The present invention discloses a method of filming a high dynamic range video. The method includes: using an image sensor to capture an original frame which is interlaced by a plurality of long exposure areas and a plurality of short exposure areas; forming a long exposure field via a plurality of long exposure areas and forming a short exposure field via a plurality of short exposure areas; forming a reconstructed long exposure field and a reconstructed short exposure field having the same resolution as the original frame via a reconstruction process by a pixel value of each pixel in the long exposure field and the short exposure field; and forming a high dynamic range image based on the pixel value of each pixel of the reconstructed long exposure field and the reconstructed short exposure field via a merging process.

1. Field of the Invention
Embodiments of the present invention are related to a method of filming a high dynamic range video, and particularly related to a method of using an alternating-row image sensor to acquire exposure information of two different exposure durations from a single picture, and merging the exposure information of two different exposure durations to form a high dynamic range image.
2. Description of the Related Art
The dynamic range (the ratio between the largest to the smallest illuminance value) of contemporary consumer digital cameras or webcams is around 400. However, most of the dynamic ranges of indoor scenes exceed 1500, while the dynamic ranges of outdoor scenes usually reaches up to 105. Therefore, the present equipments can merely capture partial illuminance information of scenes, that is, the present equipments are unable to capture all the illuminance information of scenes.
To solve the aforementioned problem, P. E. Debevec proposed the technology of the high dynamic range image to merge a plurality of images of different exposure time in 1997, "Paul E. Debevec, Jitendra Malik, Recovering High Dynamic Range Radiance Maps from Photographs, SIGGRAPH 1997." However, the kind of technology is limited to apply to static images. Because once objects within two images somewhat shift, the merging images will generate the ghost effect phenomenon, as shown in FIG. 1.

Method of filming high dynamic range videos


The invention relates to a motor vehicle which includes a display for presenting a list of entries, wherein an entry has an associated function of the motor vehicle, and wherein the motor vehicle comprises a rotary knob which is associated with the display, which can be rotated about an axis of rotation and which can be rotated through a prescribed angle of rotation in order to move a marker from one entry to an entry which is adjacent thereto.

The invention relates to a motor vehicle which comprises a display for presenting a list of entries, wherein an entry has an associated function of the motor vehicle, and wherein the motor vehicle comprises a rotary knob which is associated with the display, which can be rotated about its/an axis of rotation and which can be rotated through a prescribed angle of rotation in order to move a marker from one entry to an entry which is adjacent thereto.
According to DE 101 39 693 A1, modern electronic devices in the vehicle, which are continually providing additional functions having evermore options, have had multifunctional operator control elements provided for the associated operator control elements on account of the limited installation space, said multifunctional operator control elements being able to be used to control various functions of the connected devices. By way of example, EP 0 366 132 B1 discloses a multifunctional operator control device for motor vehicles in which function groups and individual functions are selected by means of a rotary switch and in which an ENTER-function can be initiated, wherein one and the same bi-directional rotary switch is used for the menu selection and the individual function selection. This rotary switch has latch positions which have associated menus or individual functions, wherein the ENTER-function can be initiated by axial movement of the rotary switch. Such a multifunctional operator control device is used for inputting destinations into a navigation system, for example. To this end, a display unit is used to depict an alphanumeric keypad in which the user can move forwards and backwards using the bi-directional movement of the rotary switch. When the cursor is then on the desired alphanumeric character, the latter can be selected and transferred to the navigation system using an axial movement of the rotary switch.
To speed up operator control, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/848,657 proposes that a motor vehicle comprises a first touch pad, integrated into the steering wheel of said motor vehicle, for inputting commands, a second touch pad, integrated into the steering wheel physically separately from the first touch pad, for inputting commands, and an evaluation module for producing a command (which is different from one produced by touching or touch movement of just a touch pad) for the operator control of a function of the motor vehicle on the basis of a touch movement (or a direction of the touch movement) using the first touch pad and a simultaneous touch movement (or a direction of the touch movement) using the second touch pad. Furthermore, the use of touch screens arranged above displays is known in motor vehicles.
It is an object of the invention to improve or simplify the operator control of a motor vehicle. In this case, it is particularly desirable for the driver to be distracted as little as possible from what is happening in the traffic even when controlling complex devices. Operator control of a motor vehicle should (in an alternative refinement) be able to be effected very quickly, in particular.


The present disclosure is directed to significantly improving the adiabatic shear banding susceptibility of pure refractory metals as well as overcoming the physical dimension limitations when making kinetic energy penetrators. These improvements may be achieved by arranging interlayers between plasticly deformed refractory metal material layers. Disclosed herein are methods of making material for kinetic energy penetrator applications, the methods comprising: severely plasticly deforming a refractory metal material until the grain size of the refractory metal material is within one of ultrafine grain and nanocrystalline regimes; arranging an interlayer material adjacent the refractory metal material; and diffusion bonding the interlayer material to the refractory metal material.

Current tank technologies use two main ammunition types for overcoming target armor. The first type is high explosive anti-tank projectiles equipped with an explosively driven warhead, which can penetrate steel armor plating to depths greater than seven times the diameter of the charge. The second type is armor-piercing fin stabilized discarding sabot projectiles equipped with kinetic energy penetrators. Kinetic energy penetrators are long-rod, armor-piercing projectiles that may be fired from modern high-velocity tank guns. These kinetic energy penetrators break through a target's armor by burrowing a cavity through its plating. Thus, armor-piercing fin stabilized discarding sabot ammunition does not contain explosives, but rather uses kinetic energy to damage the target. If the kinetic energy penetrator pierced through the armor, the combination of heat, spalling (particle spray), and the pressure wave generated during the penetration process can destroy the target.
Prior work in the field of the present disclosure has been directed toward replacing depleted uranium in kinetic energy penetrator applications. The density and "self-sharpening" behavior of depleted uranium, in particular, aid in the depth of penetration (and thus, damage) of a kinetic energy penetrator into a target.
Depleted uranium alloys, such as U-3/4Ti and U-8Mo alloys with high mass density (17-18 g/cm3) are highly desired as the penetrator core materials because of their outstanding combination of high strength, optimal and maintained ductility, as well as "self-sharpening" behavior. In the flow and shear failure behavior of depleted uranium alloy penetrators, early onset of adiabatic shear localization may occur at the head of the depleted uranium projectile, which helps discard any material build-up during penetration. Imaging of residual penetrators after perforating steel armor has shown that U-3/4Ti and U-8Mo alloys develop a chiseled and pointed nose, indicating early adiabatic shear failure and this material discard mechanism. However, depleted uranium penetrator materials, although mildly radioactive, derive their toxicity from the biochemical reactions within the human body after inhalation, ingestion, and/or other absorption methods. The uranium may then react to become toxic soluble salts and accumulate in the kidneys and other organs leading to failure or other health defects, such as the symptoms associated with Gulf War syndrome. Therefore, the use of depleted uranium has been restricted, and research for the past half-century has been focused on finding more environmentally friendly substitutes.
As part of this effort to replace depleted uranium alloys in kinetic energy penetrators, tungsten-based heavy alloys have emerged as attractive alternative candidate materials because of their unique combination of elevated temperature properties and high mass density (about 19.3 g/cm3). For example, conventional tungsten-based heavy alloys produced by liquid phase sintering—such as tungsten-nickel-iron (W—Ni—Fe) alloys—have been widely studied as depleted uranium alloy substitutes. However, conventional tungsten-based heavy alloy penetrators do not flow soften as quickly as depleted uranium alloy penetrators. Research in tungsten-based heavy alloy penetrators has shown that plastic localizations develop only after the tungsten-based heavy alloy has undergone very large plastic strains, which produces a large "mushroom" head and thus, reduces the full depth of penetration. This "mushroom" formation on the piercing head forms due to late shear localization and discard mechanisms.
In general, at the same firing velocity, depleted uranium alloy penetrators pierce deeper and generate smaller diameter penetration tunnels in a target as compared with conventional tungsten-based heavy alloy penetrators. Therefore, depleted uranium alloy penetrators have traditionally delivered better ballistic performance across multiple criteria.
Thus, to summarize, although other heavy metals and alloys have been investigated as potential replacements for depleted uranium in kinetic energy penetrators, the late or slow adiabatic shear localization of these replacement heavy metal alloys (such as tungsten-based heavy alloys) causes bulging deformations—which limit the penetration potential of the kinetic energy penetrator due to inefficient kinetic energy conservation during the tunneling process—and leads to failure of ballistic performance tests.

Heterogeneously stacked multi layered metallic structures with adiabatic shear localization under uniaxial dynamic compression

The University of North Carolina at Charlotte


A computer lift has a stationary lift assembly and a movable monitor mount containing a gas spring cylinder fixed at one end, using a pulley assembly and cable to double the stroke of the gas spring cylinder by floating the pulley assembly. A positive lock allows the lift to stay in position after moving to a desired height, while maintaining easy movability.

As more and more workers use computers for large portions of a workday, more problems associated with improperly placed keyboards, monitors, and the like can cause health issues. Health issues that may arise from improper keyboard and/or monitor height include back problems, neck problems, wrist problems, circulation problems, and the like. As awareness of the benefits of proper ergonomic placement of computer monitors and keyboards continues to improve, the shortcomings of many monitor and keyboard stands are becoming more and more apparent.
Other monitor mounts capable of supporting a large monitor use a series of a plurality of pulleys, and typically require adjustment with tools so that the amount of tension provided in the lift equals the weight on the lift. If a user leans on any platform of the lift, or changes the weight so that it is heavier or lighter, the lift will move. Other lifts use a counter-weight that may also require adjustment, or only work for a monitor of a certain weight, or within a very small weight range.
For the reasons stated above, and for other reasons stated below which will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading and understanding the present specification, there is a need in the art for an improved computer monitor and keyboard lift.


A cleaning sheet (1A) includes: a substrate sheet (2); and a plurality of long-fiber bundles (3) provided thereon, each long-fiber bundle (3) being made by aggregating long fibers (31), the long-fiber bundles (3) being arranged side-by-side and joined to the substrate sheet (2). Each long-fiber bundle (3) is joined together by fiber-joining sections (32). Each long-fiber bundle (3) is joined to the substrate sheet (2) by sheet-joining sections (21). Each sheet-joining section (21) is provided so as to overlap one of the fiber-joining sections (32). Each long-fiber bundle (3) has been cut by linear cut sections (24), each linear cut section (24) being formed in a region between adjacent sheet-joining sections (21). Each long-fiber bundle (3) includes cut fibers (311) and uncut fibers (312).

There are cleaning sheets that are used by being attached to the head of a cleaning tool which further includes a handle connected to the head. Some types of these cleaning sheets are known to have a multitude of long fibers.
For example, Patent Literature 1 discloses a cleaning sheet having a base sheet and a plurality of fiber bundles joined to the base sheet by respective joining sections and arranged side-by-side to one another.
In the cleaning sheet of Patent Literature 1, however, each joining section is formed substantially in the center of the orientation direction of the fibers constituting each fiber bundle and is formed as a straight line extending in a direction intersecting with the orientation direction of the fibers. This structure limits the degree of freedom between the base sheet and the fiber bundles, and makes it difficult to improve the dirt trapping capabilities of the cleaning sheet. Further, the fiber bundles of the cleaning sheet of Patent Literature 1 are arranged side-by-side independent from one another. In such a structure, the long fibers have no uncut sections between adjacent fiber bundles, and thus, the overall strength of the cleaning sheet is reduced. Further, because there are no uncut long fibers, the voluminosity of the long fibers in the entire cleaning sheet is also reduced.
Patent Literature 2 discloses a cleaning article having a long-fiber layer, consisting of long fibers, provided on a substrate sheet. The long-fiber layer is joined to the substrate sheet by a plurality of joining lines. Between adjacent joining lines, there are cut sections formed by partially cutting the substrate sheet and the long-fiber layer as well as uncut sections.
In the cleaning article of Patent Literature 2, however, the long-fiber layer is joined to the substrate sheet only by these joining lines which are formed extending in a direction intersecting with the orientation direction of the long fibers. Thus, the degree of freedom between the substrate sheet and the long-fiber layer is limited, and it is difficult to improve the dirt trapping capabilities of the cleaning sheet.    Patent Literature 1: JP-A-2007-289341    Patent Literature 2: JP-A-11-235301


Apparatus producing superheated water and/or steam for weed (36) killing, etc. has diesel fired boiler (30), which, via pump (32), generates hot water at a pressure of 40-52 bar and temperature of 90-115° C. This passes down tube (12) and encounters the constriction provided by nozzle (14). Passing through nozzle (14) into depressurization chamber (16), which is at atmospheric pressure, the water boils. When the super heated water exits ports (20) of distribution pipe (18) it encounters ambient temperature and is transformed into high temperature water vapor and/or water droplets. The apparatus controls or kill weeds (36) using a smaller volume of water and less energy.

Various methods are known and recognised as being effective for controlling the growth of weeds and other undesirable substances. These methods are used in the agricultural industry and also by state and government bodies such as local councils for keeping paths and other areas free from weeds. Many existing methods involve the application of aqueous solution of chemicals onto the weeds. Recently, the application of chemical weed killers has become less desirable, both from a health and safety point of view in terms of the health of the person applying the chemicals, but also from the point of view of the damage to the environment caused by the use of chemicals.
One known method for killing weeds which does not utilise chemicals, is the application of steam and/or hot water to kill vegetation. U.S. Pat. No. 213,255 (Simpson) for example, discloses an apparatus which uses steam and/or hot water to kill vegetation on railroad beds.
Australian patent application No. 65573/99, entitled "A method of generating a treatment fluid" discloses a method for combining compressed air with heated water at an applicator nozzle.
A number of other patents also describe apparatus for applying heated pressurised water to vegetation including AU 668291 which discloses an apparatus for controlling vegetation by the application of a high pressure water or liquid spray delivering the liquid to a spray tip at a pressure of 100 psi to about 4,000 psi. AU 709493 discloses a method of killing or controlling weeds in which pressurised hot water is applied to weeds of a temperature of 75° C. or above delivered at a pump pressure of in excess of 200 psi and at a flow rate in excess of 4 liters per minute.
However, one major problem with existing hot water and steam applicator and generator means, is that a considerable amount of energy is required to heat the water due to the high specific heat capacity of water and the even higher specific latent heat as water changes from a liquid to a gas, thus the energy consumption of such devices is a major disadvantage of hot water or steam weed control.
An apparatus that was able to control or kill weeds using a smaller volume of water, would not only be more efficient in terms of use of water as a commodity but also more energy efficient.
Any discussion of documents, acts, materials, devices, articles or the like which has been included in the present specification is solely for the purpose of providing a context for the present invention. It is not to be taken as an admission that any or all of these matters form part of the prior art base or were common general knowledge in the field relevant to the present invention as it existed before the priority date of each claim of this application.

Apparatus producing superheated water and /or steam for weed killing and other applications


The present invention is directed to a system, method and computer program for easily and securely managing multiple keys on a computer, each key being used to access one or a plurality of computing resources. The method comprises the steps of receiving a command for selecting a key among one or plurality of keys, each key comprising one or a plurality of key fields; receiving a command for activating a computing resource corresponding to the selected key in order to have access to the computing resource; retrieving and displaying on a computer screen, the one or plurality of key fields associated with the selected key; displaying on the computer screen one or a plurality of input fields, each input field being used to enter the content of an appropriate key field associated with the key selected to access the activated computing resource; passing, in response to an action of a pointing device on a displayed key field, the content of the key field in an appropriate input field of the activated computing resource; and having access to the activated computing resource when all key fields of the selected key have been passed to the appropriate input fields.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention is directed to security in the field of data processing, and in particular to a method, system and computer program for easily and securely managing multiple keys used to have access to one or a plurality of computing resources.
2. Background Art
To reach sensible pieces of information, users must first be authorized to have access to the applications, web pages, or databases containing this sensible information. In fact, sensible information can be in any kind of information repository, application or computing resource. Such information repositories or computing resources, regardless of their nature and implementation, will be referred to herein as "DataSets". The access to a DataSet is usually protected to avoid unauthorized users to retrieve information that they are not allowed to reach. The protection of information and the control of its access are typically achieved by means of user identifiers (UserId) and passwords. In some cases, the protection and control means are not limited to UserId and password, and may also comprise other fields like an account identifier (AccountId), or a server identifier (ServerId), etc . . . All these pieces of information required to get access to a given DataSet will be referred to herein as the "Key", regardless of the number of individual fields (such as UserId, or password, or AccountId, etc . . . ).
The number of Keys that typical users must own (either for business or personal needs) is such that the observance by these users of the password management policies (like the rules password must comply with, or the frequency for updating password) lacks efficiency, safety and friendliness. Indeed all users have to record one way or the other, multiple Keys. The record of these Keys rends them either unsecured or difficult to locate. Typical examples of this situation are:
To record all the Keys on a piece of paper. This turns the Key update into a poorly convenient task. This requires that this piece of paper is always available, and this is by far unsafe, as Keys are obviously not ciphered when they are hand written on a piece of paper.
To record all the Keys within a text file recorded on the computer from where the DataSet are accessed. Key updates are becoming less cumbersome as they consist in editing the file, and the availability of the Keys is ensured. Nevertheless this creates a security breach as an individual getting access to the computer where the file is recorded would automatically get access to all the Keys this file records.
To record all the Keys within a DataSet, the access of which is controlled by a Key. This solves to some extent the risk issue described above, but creates a "chicken and egg" situation because the access to the Keys requires a Key.
Furthermore, assuming that the user accepts to afford the above limitations and deficiencies, once a Key has been accessed, it must then be properly specified by the user to the target DataSet. This is a task prone to error as the elements constituting the Key must be specified in the right fields (do not swap the UserId and the Accountld for instance), and must be entered without spelling error (everybody has already once given a password with the Caps Lock key on . . . ). If the maximum number of retries for specifying the Key is reached, then the access can simply be lost, potentially putting the user in a tricky situation if the access to the DataSet is required for instance for critical business needs.
Put in other words, the problem is to manage a set of keys that can open doors with the following concerns:
Which is the right key for opening this door?
How to use this key for opening the door?
Where did I put the key?
Is the key strongly secured?

Method and system for easily and securely managing multiple keys used to have access to multiple computing resources

International Business Machines Corporation


Methods, storage controllers, and systems for grouping data stored on an array of solid-state storage elements are described. One method includes sequentially writing user data to an append point at a head of a log stored in an array of solid-state storage elements. The user data is stored in a plurality of logical erase blocks of the array. The method further includes selecting partially invalidated logical erase blocks of the array based on a characteristic for the partially invalidated logical erase blocks and arranging valid portions of the selected partially invalidated logical erase blocks into groups based on the characteristic. The method further includes writing the groups of valid portions to the log.

1. Field of the Invention
The disclosure relates to data storage and, more particularly, to grouping data stored on an array of solid-state storage elements.
2. Description of the Related Art
When storing data using a log-based structure, previously stored portions of the data may be invalidated as updated versions of the data are written to the log-based structure. These invalidated portions may eventually be erased and used to store other data. Erasing some storage media, however, may take time that is an order of magnitude or longer more than programming or reading the media. Consequently, erase operations may be avoided or postponed by some log-based structures. As a result, a significant amount of storage capacity remains invalidated and unused, reducing the usable capacity of the device.

Apparatus, system, and method for grouping data stored on an array of solid-state storage elements


An electric vehicle includes a vehicle body frame, a seat, a driving wheel, a motor, a battery, an accessory, and an accessory box. The vehicle body frame includes a head pipe, a main frame connected to the head pipe, and a first seat frame attached to the main frame. The seat is fixed to an upper portion of the first seat frame. The driving wheel is rotatable relative to the vehicle body frame. The motor is connected to the driving wheel to rotate the driving wheel. The battery is configured to supply power to the motor. The accessory is configured to assist at least one of the motor and the battery. The accessory box stores the battery and the accessory. The accessory box is provided above a rear end of the main frame and under the seat.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an electric vehicle.
2. Discussion of the Background
An electric vehicle that is not of a scooter type but includes a straddle portion is known. The electric vehicles of this kind are vehicles designed to be driven by a motor, and a battery, as a source of a travel driving force for driving an electric motor, is placed in the straddle portion (see Patent Japanese Patent Application Publication No. H05-105160).


An electronic device has an electronic signal source electrically connected to a signal routing circuit, an electrically activated transducer to receive electronic signals through the signal routing circuit, and an anisotropic conductive film to provide electrical continuity between the signal routing circuit and the transducer, the anisotropic conductive film having material removed adjacent the transducer to reduce mechanical loading of the transducer.

Some electronic devices use transducers to convert electrical signals into motion or to exert a force. These transducers may be electromechanical, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), acoustic, piezoelectric, etc. One example of this type of device is a print head, in which a transducer is activated by an electronic signal to cause ink to exit the print head through a jet or nozzle. In some examples, when the system activates the transducer with an electrical signal the transducer actuates and displaces a diaphragm or other structure that in turn causes the ink to pass through the jet onto a printing substrate.
In devices that utilize these types of transducers, such as ink jet print heads, a non-conductive adhesive standoff typically exists to hold electrical contact pads on a flexible circuit or rigid circuit board in proximity to the transducer elements. Because the adhesive standoff is non-conductive, it must posses a hole or other gap over the actuator to allow electrical interconnect to the transducer. The interconnect typically consists of a conductive adhesive placed in the opening in the standoff, in contact with the pads on the circuit element and in contact with the actuator elements, providing electrical continuity between them. A typical example of the conductive adhesive would be a silver-loaded epoxy.
The conductive epoxy is rigid in the cured state and may provide an undesirable mechanical coupling to the circuit element and between transducers. Mechanical coupling of the transducer to the circuit element results in mechanical loading of the actuator and reduced motion for a fixed voltage driving it. In many cases increasing the voltage to the actuator will compensate for the mechanical loading, but is undesirable. A second result of the mechanical coupling between the circuit element and the actuators is 'cross talk' or accidental alteration of the behavior of neighboring transducers to an activated transducer.
Other, softer, conductive adhesives seem to eliminate the mechanical cross talk, but have reduced reliability in thermal cycling. Thermal cycling figures significantly in design considerations in solid ink jet printers, as heat is applied throughout the system to keep the ink in its liquid/molten state and heat is removed when the system is turned off.
The loading of the transducer by the conductive adhesive and the circuit element typically has some variability across an array. This leads to differing deflections within the array, resulting in different drop masses of the ink drops and different speeds. This variability, if uncorrected, has negative impact on image quality
Anisotropic conducting films (ACF) are widely used in flat panel display technology as the interconnect between a circuit element and display elements. These films typically have low or no conductivity in the X-Y plane that typically has large dimensions compared to the thickness but have high conductivity along the third axis, often labeled the Z-axis. As a result, these are also sometimes referred to as Z-axis conducting films. The base film may consist of a thermoset plastic, a thermoplastic, a thermoplastic adhesive or a thermoset adhesive. The film provides a matrix for electrically conducting elements that are dispersed in the film that span the z-axis and provide the electrical conduction through the film. The anisotropy of the conductivity is the result of having the conducting elements in low enough concentration that they only infrequently touch to provide limited lateral conductivity. The conducting elements are typically small metal balls, metal coated polymer balls, or oriented thin metal rods. These interconnects are normally used with stationary electrical elements and are therefore not normally concerned with the mechanical loading of a transducer.

Transducer interconnect with conductive films


The present invention refers to a method for controlling undesired vegetation at a plant cultivation site, the method comprising the steps of providing, at said site, a plant that comprises at least one nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding a wild-type hydroxyphenyl pyruvate dioxygenase or a mutated hydroxyphenyl pyruvate dioxygenase (mut-HPPD) which is resistant or tolerant to a HPPD-inhibiting herbicide and/or a nucleotide sequence encoding a wild-type homogentisate solanesyl transferase or a mutated homogentisate solanesyl transferase (mut-HST) which is resistant or tolerant to a HPPD-inhibiting herbicide, applying to said site an effective amount of said herbicide. The invention further refers to plants comprising mut-HPPD, and methods of obtaining such plants.

Herbicides that inhibit 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (4-HPPD; EC 188.8.131.52), a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of the prenylquinones plastoquinone and tocopherols, have been used for selective weed control since the early 1990s. They block the conversion of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate to homogentisate in the biosynthetic pathway (Matringe et al., 2005, Pest Manag Sci., vol. 61:269-276; Mitchell et al., 2001, Pest Manag Sci. vol 57:120-128). Plastoquinone is thought to be a necessary cofactor of the enzyme phytoene desaturase in carotenoid biosynthesis (Boeger and Sandmann, 1998, Pestic Outlook, vol 9:29-35). Its inhibition results in the depletion of the plant plastoquinone and vitamin E pools, leading to bleaching symptoms. The loss of carotenoids, particularly in their function as protectors of the photosystems against photooxidation, leads to oxidative degradation of chlorophyll and photosynthetic membranes in growing shoot tissues. Consequently, chloroplast synthesis and function are disturbed (Boeger and Sandmann, 1998). The enzyme homogentisate solanesyl transferase (HST) catalyses the step following HPPD in the plastoquinone biosynthetic pathway. HST is a prenyl transferase that both decarboxylates homogentisate and also transfers to it the solanesyl group from solanesyl diphosphate and thus forms 2-methyl-6-solanesyl-1,4-benzoquinol (MSBQ), an intermediate along the biosynthetic pathway to plastoquinone. HST enzymes are membrane bound and the genes that encode them include a plastid targeting sequence.
The most important chemical classes of commercial 4-HPPD-inhibiting herbicides include pyrazolones, triketones and isoxazoles. The inhibitors mimic the binding of the substrate 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate to an enzyme-bound ferrous ion in the active site by forming a stable ion-dipole charge transfer complex. Among 4-HPPD-inhibiting herbicides, the triketone sulcotrione was the first example of this herbicide group to be used in agriculture and identified in its mechanism of action (Schulz et al., 1993, FEBS Lett. Vol 318:162-166) The triketones have been reported to be derivatives of leptospermone, a herbicidal component from the bottlebrush plant, Callistemon spp (Lee et al. 1997, Weed Sci. Vol 45, 162-166).
Some of these molecules have been used as herbicides since inhibition of the reaction in plants leads to whitening of the leaves of the treated plants and to the death of the said plants (Pallett, K. E. et al. 1997 Pestic. Sci. 50 83-84). The herbicides for which HPPD is the target, and which are described in the state of the art, are, in particular, isoxazoles (EP418175, EP470856, EP487352, EP527036, EP560482, EP682659, U.S. Pat. No. 5,424,276), in particular isoxaflutole, which is a selective herbicide for maize, diketonitriles (EP496630, EP496631), in particular 2-cyano-3-cyclopropyl-1-(2-SO2CH3-4-CF3 phenyl)propane-1,3-dione and 2-cyano-3-cyclopropyl-1-(2-SO2CH3-4-2,3Cl2phenyl)propane-1,3-dione, triketones such as described in EP625505, EP625508, U.S. Pat. No. 5,506,195, in particular sulcotrione, or else pyrazolinates. Furthermore, the well-known herbicide topramezone elicits the same type of phytotoxic symptoms, with chlorophyll loss and necrosis in the growing shoot tissues, as 4-HPPD inhibiting, bleaching herbicides described supra in susceptible plant species. Topramezone belongs to the chemical class of pyrazolones or benzoyl pyrazoles and was commercially introduced in 2006. When applied postemergence, the compound selectively controls a wide spectrum of annual grass and broadleaf weeds in corn.
Three main strategies are available for making plants tolerant to herbicides, i.e. (1) detoxifying the herbicide with an enzyme which transforms the herbicide, or its active metabolite, into non-toxic products, such as, for example, the enzymes for tolerance to bromoxynil or to Basta (EP242236, EP337899); (2) mutating the target enzyme into a functional enzyme which is less sensitive to the herbicide, or to its active metabolite, such as, for example, the enzymes for tolerance to glyphosate (EP293356, Padgette S. R. et al., J. Biol. Chem., 266, 33, 1991); or (3) overexpressing the sensitive enzyme so as to produce quantities of the target enzyme in the plant which are sufficient in relation to the herbicide, in view of the kinetic constants of this enzyme, so as to have enough of the functional enzyme available despite the presence of its inhibitor. The third strategy was described for successfully obtaining plants which were tolerant to HPPD inhibitors (WO96/38567). US2009/0172831 discloses nucleotide sequences encoding amino acid sequences having enzymatic activity such that the amino acid sequences are resistant to HPPD inhibitor herbicidal chemicals, in particular triketone inhibitor specific HPPD mutants.
To date, the prior art has not described HPPD-inhibiting herbicide, preferably benzamide tolerant plants containing at least one mutated HPPD nucleic acid according to the present invention. What are needed in the art are crop plants and crop plants having increased tolerance to herbicides such as HPPD-inhibiting herbicide, preferably benzamide, and containing at least one mutated HPPD nucleic acid according to the present invention. Also needed are methods for controlling weed growth in the vicinity of such crop plants or crop plants. These compositions and methods would allow for the use of spray over techniques when applying herbicides to areas containing crop plant or crop plants.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Plants having increased tolerance to herbicides


A method for providing customized content to an electronic device. The method may include activating the electronic device through a packaging that substantially surrounds the electronic device, without substantially damaging or removing the packaging. Once the device is activating, connecting the electronic device to a content and providing the content to the electronic device without substantially damaging or removing the packaging.

Electronic devices such as digital music players, video players, smart phones, mobile gaming devices, laptops, and so on may include a variety of content such as music files, video files, applications, and so on. These electronic devices may often be sold in stores, online, or other retailers in packaging. The packaging may protect the electronic devices from damage during shipping, storage, and so on, as well as enhance attractiveness to consumers and/or reduce the likelihood of shoplifting. Prior to a particular electronic device being removed from its packaging, the content on the device typically is not customized. In other words, every electronic device of a particular model, if it includes any content, usually includes the same content. This is because it may be extremely time consuming and prohibitively expensive to customize content for each specific electronic device prior to packaging, as each device need to be accessed individually, slowing manufacturing, shipping, and other processes.

Customized content for electronic devices


An acid copolymer/quaternary amine mixture is disclosed which is permanently antistatic. The acid copolymer is a copolymer of (i) a major amount by mol % of an alpha-olefin of the formula RCH.dbd.CH.sub.2 wherein R is H or C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 alkyl, and (ii) a minor amount by mol % of an alpha,beta-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid. The quaternary amine is of the formula [(R.sup.1)(R.sup.2)(R.sup.3)(R.sup.4)N].sup.+ [X].sup.- wherein R.sup.1 is selected from H, aryl, or C.sub.1 to C.sub.50 alkyl optionally having one or more non-contiguous C.dbd.O or NHC.dbd.O or --S-- or --O-- in the carbon chain, or the same as R.sup.2 ; each of R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 is the same or different and selected from H, C.sub.1 to C.sub.18 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more OH or from --(R.sup.5 --O).sub.a --H where a is an integer from 1 to 10 and R.sup.5 is ethylene or propylene; and X is an anion selected from chloride, bromide, iodide, fluoride, nitrate, fluoborate, phosphate, C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 alkyl phosphate, sulfate, C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 alkyl sulfate, formate, C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 alkyl or C.sub.6 to C.sub.24 alkaryl or aryl sulfonate, acetate, citrate, trifluoroacetate, propionate, tartrate or carbonate.

When two surfaces are brought in contact with each other, a transfer of electrons may occur resulting in a residual static electrical charge when the surfaces are separated. This phenomena is known as triboelectricity. If the surface is composed of a material that is a conductor, the electrons will dissipate quickly thereby eliminating the excess charge. On the other hand, if the surface is composed of a material that is an insulator (a dielectric), the surface charge takes much longer to dissipate. Thermoplastic polymers are typically excellent insulators and thus are unsatisfactory for uses requiring a nature that will dissipate charges. As the polymers accumulate high charges promoting an attraction for dust and dirt, they can discharge to any lower potential body with which they come in contact. To modify a polymer to have antistatic characteristics and dissipate charges, the conductivity might be increased which in turn causes an increase in the rate of static dissipation. This has been accomplished in the past by the use of antistatic agents to promote static-charge decay of surfaces thereby reducing clinging effect, eliminating spark discharge, and preventing accumulation of dust.
It is well known that static charge can be reduced by increasing the moisture content of the atmosphere, and thus the approach in the past has been to use an antistatic agent which modify the inherently dielectric polymer to impart hydrophilic properties to it by providing functional groups that attract moisture to it. For instance, it is well known to apply external antistatic agents onto polymers by conventional coating or painting methods. Also, it is well known to employ internal antistatic agents which are volume dispersed by admixing in the polymer; i.e. incorporated into the polymer by compounding or extrusion prior to or during molding or film-forming operations, and which work by migrating to the polymer surface. This migration is colloquially referred to in the art of antistatic polymer technology as a "blooming" or "bleeding" effect. When the antistatic agent has not remained volume dispersed but instead has bloomed or bled to the surface, the mechanism for moisture attraction is the same as with the painted on external antistatic agents. The atmospheric moisture is attracted causing decay or dissipation of static charges, i.e. such films depend on ambient humidity. Accordingly a high rate of blooming is required. Such films can overbloom and lose their antistatic character is subjected to a 24 hour water shower or a prolonged heat exposure.
Many patents show quaternary amines (also referred to as quaternary ammonium compounds or salts) as antistatic agents. Examples are U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,324,091 to Sauides, 3,445,440, and 3,517,045 both to Susi and Arthen, 3,894,077 to Horikawa et al., 4,104,175 to Martinsson et al., 4,268,583 and T961009 both to Henry, and 4,605,684 to Pcolinsky.
Also of interest is Japanese Published Patent Application Kokai No. 59-47243, Ito et al., assignors to Mitsui (published Mar. 16, 1984) which shows an electrically conductive resin composition comprising ethylene/alpha,beta unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer and a tertiary alkanolamine.
More particularly, U.S. Pat. No. 3,933,779 issued Jan. 20, 1976 to Baron et al. assignors to Fine Organics discloses an antistatic polymer blend comprising a synthetic polymer and an antistatically effective amount of a compound of the formula: R1 ? ##STR1## wherein R is alkyl of 4 to 18 carbon atoms unsubstituted or substituted by halo or aryl.
At pages 18 and 19 of published European Patent Application 0219315 Mott assignor to Dow, date of publication Apr. 22, 1987, is a passage stating that their preferred antistatic material is an acrylate monomer-oligomer mixture containing an alkylether triethyl ammonium sulfate available from Metallized Products under the trade-name Staticure, which material is curable by exposure to an electron beam to a permanent, non-bleeding coating which is not dependent on humidity for its antistatic effect. The passage in EP 0219315 goes on to say that further details concerning this material appear in British Patent Application No. 2,156,362 published Oct. 9, 1985.
British Patent Application No. 2,156,362 is the counterpart of U.S. Pat. No. 4,623,594 issued Nov. 18, 1986 to Keough assignor to Metallized Products. U.S. Pat. No. 4,623,594 claims:
1. An antistatic laminate, both sides of which have antistatic characteristics, comprising: PA1 2. The antistatic laminate of claim 1 wherein said quaternary ammonium compound is a trialkylalkyletherammonium salt. [Emphasis supplied.] PA1 R.sup.1 is selected from H, aryl, C.sub.1 to C.sub.50 alkyl optionally having one or more non-contiguous C.dbd.O or NHC.dbd.O or --S-- or --O-- in the carbon chain, or the same as R.sup.2 ; PA1 each of R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4, is the same or different and selected from H, C.sub.1 to C.sub.18 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more OH or from --(R.sup.5 --O).sub.a --H where as is an integer from 1 to 10 and R.sup.5 is ethylene or propylene; and PA1 X is an anion selected from chloride, bromide, iodide, fluoride, nitrate, fluoborate, phosphate, C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 alkyl phosphate, sulfate, C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 alkyl sulfate, formate, C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 alkyl or C.sub.6 to C.sub.24 alkaryl or aryl sulfonate, acetate, trifluoroacetate, citrate, propionate, tartrate or carbonate. The present invention also provides for a film comprising this mixture. PA1 R.sup.1 is selected from H, aryl, or C.sub.1 to C.sub.50 alkyl optionally having one or more non-contiguous C.dbd.O or NHC.dbd.O or --S-- or --O-- in the carbon chain, or the same as R.sup.2 ; PA1 each of R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 is the same or different and selected from H, C.sub.1 to C.sub.18 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more OH or from --(R.sup.5 --O).sub.a --H where a is an integer from 1 to 10 and R.sup.5 is ethylene or propylene; and PA1 X is an anion selected from chloride, bromide, iodide, fluoride, nitrate, fluoborate, phosphate, C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 alkyl phosphate, sulfate, C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 alkyl sulfate, formate, C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 alkyl or C.sub.6 to C.sub.24 alkaryl or aryl sulfonate, acetate, citrate, trifluoroacetate, propionate, tartrate or carbonate. PA1 R.sup.1 is selected from H, aryl, or C.sub.1 to C.sub.50 alkyl optionally having one or more non-contiguous C.dbd.O or NHC.dbd.O or --S-- or --O-- in the carbon chain, or the same as R.sup.2 ; PA1 each of R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 is the same or different and selected form H, C.sub.1 to C.sub.18 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more OH or from --(R.sup.5 --O).sub.1 --H where a is an integer from 1 to 10 and R.sup.5 is ethylene or propylene; and PA1 X is an anion selected from chloride, bromide, iodide, fluoride, nitrate, fluoborate, phosphate, sulfate, C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 alkyl sulfate, formate, C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 alkyl or C.sub.6 to C.sub.24 alkaryl or aryl sulfonate, acetate, citrate, trifluoroacetate, propionate, tartrate or carbonate; and PA1 R.sup.1 is selected from H, aryl, or C.sub.1 to C.sub.50 alkyl optionally having one or more non-contiguous C.dbd.O or NHC.dbd.O or --S-- or --O-- in the carbon chain, or the same as R.sup.2 ; PA1 each of R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 is the same or different and selected from H, C.sub.1 to C.sub.18 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more OH or from --(R.sup.5 --O).sub.a --H where a is an integer from 1 to 10 and R.sup.5 is ethylene or propylene; and PA1 X is an anion selected from chloride, bromide, iodide, fluoride, nitrate, fluoborate, phosphate, C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 alkyl phosphate, sulfate, C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 alkyl sulfate, formate, C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 alkyl or C.sub.6 to C.sub.24 alkaryl or aryl sulfonate, acetate, citrate, trifluoroacetate, propionate, tartrate, or carbonate. PA1 R.sup.1 is selected form H, aryl, or C.sub.1 to C.sub.50 alkyl optionally having one or more non-contiguous C.dbd.O or NHC.dbd.O or --S-- or --O-- in the carbon chain, or the same as R.sup.2 ; PA1 each of R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 is the same or different and selected from H, C.sub.1 to C.sub.18 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more OH or from --(R.sup.5 --O).sub.a --H where a is an integer from 1 to 10 and R.sup.5 is ethylene or propylene; and PA1 X is an anion selected form chloride, bromide, iodide, fluoride, nitrate, fluoborate, phosphate, C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 alkyl phosphate, sulfate, C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 alkaryl or aryl sulfonate, acetate, citrate, trifluoroacetate, propionate, tartrate, or carbonate, PA1 R.sup.1 is selected from H, aryl, or C.sub.1 to C.sub.50 alkyl optionally having one or more non-contiguous C.dbd.O or NHC.dbd.O or --S-- or --O-- in the carbon chain, or the same as R.sup.2 ; PA1 each of R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 is the same or different and selected from H, C.sub.1 to C.sub.18 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more OH or from --(R.sup.5 --O).sub.a --H where a is an integer from 1 to 10 and R.sup.5 is ethylene or propylene; and PA1 X is an anion selected from chloride, bromide, fluoride, iodide, nitrate, fluoborate, phosphate, C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 alkyl phosphate, sulfate, C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 alkyl sulfate, formate, C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 alkyl or C.sub.6 to C.sub.24 alkaryl or aryl sulfonate, acetate, citrate, trifluoroacetate, propionate, tartrate, or carbonate. PA1 R.sup.1 is selected from H, aryl, or C.sub.1 to C.sub.50 alkyl optionally having one or more non-contiguous C.dbd.O or NHC.dbd.O or --S-- or --O-- in the carbon chain, or the same as R.sup.2 ; PA1 each of R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 is the same or different and selected from H, C.sub.1 to C.sub.18 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more OH or from --(R.sup.5 --O).sub.a --H where a is an integer from 1 to 10 and R.sup.5 is ethylene or propylene; and PA1 X is an anion selected from chloride, bromide, iodide, fluoride, nitrate, fluoborate, phosphate, C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 alkyl phosphate, sulfate, C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 alkyl sulfate, formate, C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 alkyl or C.sub.6 to C.sub.24 alkaryl or aryl sulfonate, acetate, citrate, propionate, tartrate or carbonate. Preferably, the C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 alkyl phosphate is methyl phosphate or ethyl phosphate, the C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 alkyl sulfate is methyl sulfate or ethyl sulfate, and the C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 alkyl or C.sub.6 to C.sub.24 alkaryl or aryl sulfonate is methanesulfonate, butanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, or C.sub.1 to C.sub.18 alkyl benzenesulfonate.
(A) a substrate sheet; PA2 (B) a continuous coating on one side of said substrate sheet, said continuous coating comprising the electron radiation cured product of:
(1) an electron beam curable prepolymer; and PA3 (2) an effective amount of a saturated quaternary ammonium compound antistatic agent soluble in said prepolymer the product being a reaction product of the prepolymer and the ammonium compound converted into a substantially solid product.
The laboratory examples of U.S. Pat. No. 4,623,594 show that the particular trialkyl alkylether ammonium salt employed was Emerstat 6660 from Emery Industries. Page 52 of a catalog entitled "Miscellaneous Surfactants" describes Emerstat 6660 as a 100% active liquid cationic compound which offers high performance antistatic capacity, but page 52 does not give any generic chemical formula. It is believed that Emerstat 6660 is a diethoxylated alkyl ammonium salt of the formula (A)(A')N[(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.n H].sub.2.sup.+ A'OSO.sub.3.sup.- which is further described below.
Of general interest is U.S. Pat. No. 4,678,836 (July 7, 1987) McKinney et al. assignors to Dow Chemical. It shows blends of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) and ethylene-acrylic acid (EAA).

Permanent antistatic acid copolymer/quaternary amine mixtures films


The battery pack includes bus lines connecting a plurality of source trains in parallel. Each source train includes a plurality of voltage sources connected in series. Each voltage source includes one or more batteries. The battery pack also includes one or more balance lines providing electrical communication between the source trains such that a voltage source in one of the source trains is connected in parallel with a voltage source in one or more of the other source trains.

Electrical power sources have been developed for powering movement of vehicles such as cars. Because these vehicles have large power requirements, these power sources typically include several large batteries. However, difficulties associated with managing the thermal characteristics of large batteries can make these batteries impractical for use in powering vehicles.
An alternative to the use of large batteries is a battery pack that includes a collection of smaller individual batteries. One version of prior power packs connects several battery trains in series where each battery train includes a plurality of batteries in series. Because the batteries in a series discharge differently, it is often desirable to monitor each battery in the series to prevent damage to the batteries. For instance, secondary batteries can often be damaged by dropping below a particular voltage level on discharge or by being charged above a particular voltage level during charging. As a result, each of the batteries in the battery pack can be monitored to prevent any one of the batteries from falling below a certain voltage on discharge or rising above a certain voltage upon charging. The battery monitoring requirements increase as the number of batteries in the battery pack increases. These extensive monitoring characteristics are undesirable and can be impractical for battery packs having large numbers of individual batteries.
An alternate battery pack connects battery groups in series where each of the batteries in a battery group is connected in parallel. As a result, these battery packs require several parallel connections. Each parallel connection must carry the current provided by the battery pack. As the current level to be provided by the battery pack increases, the size of these parallel connections must be increased. The current requirements needed to power a vehicle cause these parallel connections to be undesirably large and heavy. The large size of these parallel connections makes these battery packs impractically large and heavy for use in powering vehicles.
For the above reasons there is a need for a battery pack that is suitable for use in powering vehicles.


There is provided a method for driving an organic light emitting diode (OLED) pixel circuit. The method includes applying a first signal to a terminal of the OLED when setting a state of the pixel circuit, and applying a second signal to the terminal when viewing the state. There is also provided a driver for an OLED pixel circuit, where the driver employs this method.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an organic light emitting diode (OLED) pixel circuit, and more particularly, to a technique for driving the pixel circuit that minimizes stress effects of a TFT device that provides current to the OLED.
2. Description of the Prior Art
An organic light emitting diode (OLED) pixel may utilize any of a variety of organic materials that emit light when an electric current is applied thereto. An OLED display comprises a plurality of OLED pixels organized into an array.
One method to achieve a large size and large format OLED display is to use an active matrix thin film transistor (TFT) back plane. A head mount display and even a direct view display for a small mobile application may use polysilicon or crystalline silicon as a back plane. Due to investments in amorphous silicon flat panel technologies, there is interest in using amorphous silicon (a-Si) as opposed to polysilicon (p-Si) or crystalline (c-Si) silicon as a back plane technology to make a larger OLED display. Large area crystalline silicon back planes would not be as cost effective as amorphous or polysilicon.
Amorphous silicon does not have complimentary devices, as are available in polysilicon or crystalline silicon, for two reasons:
(1) only n-channel field effect transistors (NFETs) are available in amorphous silicon flat panel display (FPD) manufacturing due to fewer photolithographic steps, and hence lower costs, as compared to polysilicon and
(2) p-channel field effect transistors (PFETs), although possible to make, exhibit substantially lower mobility or charge transport due to drift (approximately a factor of 5 to 10), and hence lower current drive, than n-channel field effect transistors (NFETs). NFETs have an average mobility approximately 0.5 to 1.0 cm2/V/sec in conventional manufacturing lines.
Due to a manner in which OLEDs are processed, it is not normally possible to drive OLEDs with an NFET configured current source. In conventional active matrix addressing, voltage signals are written into each pixel to control brightness of each pixel. The mobility and the stability characteristics of threshold voltage and mobility of amorphous silicon are suitable for driving twisted nematic liquid crystal, which is electrically similar to a small capacitive load, where a driving voltage is applied with a duty cycle in the range of 0.1% to 0.001%. However, for driving OLEDs requiring continuous current for operation, the amorphous silicon operating voltages are non-zero for a substantially larger percentage of the time, e.g., duty cycles of up to 100%. The higher voltages and continuous current severely stresses the amorphous silicon TFT. In particular, a gate to source voltage stress causes a threshold voltage to vary due to trapped charging and other effects such as creation of defect states and molecular bond breakage at a gate insulator-to-semiconductor interface and in a semiconductor layer of the TFT.
As the TFT""s threshold voltage varies, current though the TFT will vary. As the current varies so does brightness of the OLED since light output of the OLED is proportional to current. A human observer can detect a pixel to pixel light output variation of as little as 1%. A higher level of 5% luminance variation is typically considered to be unacceptable.
FIG. 1 is a schematic of a prior art pixel circuit 100 used in a small a-Si backplane display test vehicle. Circuit 100 includes NFETs Q101 and Q102, a capacitor Cs 110 and an OLED 120.
NFET Q101 and Cs110 store a pixel voltage. A high voltage level on a gate line 125 turns NFET Q101 ON, thus providing a voltage from a data line 130 to Cs110. After a period of time, the gate voltage of NFET Q102 is the same as the voltage on data line 130, and voltage on gate line 125 is set low. NFET Q102 operates as a voltage follower to drive OLED 120. Current through OLED 120 is sourced from a supply voltage Vdd and returned to a supply voltage Vss. As OLED 120 is driven, a threshold voltage (Vt) of NFET Q102 changes with time t. The voltage across OLED 120 is
Vddxe2x88x92Vcsxe2x88x92Vgs(t)xe2x88x92Vss,
where:
Vcs=voltage across Cs110;
Vgs(t)=voltage gate-to-source of NFET Q102 as function of time t; and
Vss=negative supply voltage or OLED cathode voltage
The current through OLED 120 or NFET Q102 is proportional to (Vgsxe2x88x92Vt)2 because NFET Q102 is biased in its saturation or constant current regime in which the drain to source voltage is equal to or greater than Vgsxe2x88x92Vt. As a result, voltage across OLED 120 and current through OLED 120 changes as the threshold voltage (Vt) of NFET Q102 changes. With different driving histories from pixel to pixel, pixel to pixel current and luminance vary. This is known as pixel differential aging. The threshold variation of NFET Q102, which requires continuous current for operation, is considered unacceptable for many applications. However, the stress of NFET Q102 operating in its saturation regime is less than if NFET Q102 was biased in its linear regime, the drain to source voltage  less than Vgsxe2x88x92Vt.
For use with a-Si TFT back planes, circuit 100 requires relatively low power and voltage since only one NFET, i.e., NFET 102, is connected from power supply Vdd to OLED 120, which is connected to supply voltage Vss. Since OLED 120 current passes through a single NFET, the voltage difference in power supplies Vdd and Vss is kept to a minimum, i.e., a maximum OLED 120 voltage and the drain to source voltage of NFET Q102 for operation just into the saturation regime.
A circuit that is similar to circuit 100 replaces NFET Q101 and NFET Q102 with PFET Q101 and PFET Q102, respectfully, which can be used with polysilicon or crystalline silicon technology. Instead of PFET Q102 operating as a voltage follower, PFET Q102 operates as a current source. PFET Q102""s threshold voltage has an even greater impact on the current into OLED 120 since the current through OLED 120 is proportional to (Vcsxe2x88x92Vt)2 where Vgs=Vcs. If crystalline silicon, which has a high transconductance, is used, then the Vgs voltage would have to be less than Vt in order to produce a current low enough to drive OLED 120 at brightness levels of the order 100/cd/m2 since pixel dimensions are usually very small. Threshold voltage variations in the subthreshold regime have an even greater impact on drain current variations because there is an order of magnitude current change for every 60 millivolt change in threshold voltage, or as dictated by a transistor drain current-gate voltage inverse sub-threshold slope, or approximately 60 mV/decade of current.
To minimize stress effects of a TFT device that provides OLED current, current driving is used to write a voltage stored in a pixel circuit. Sony Corporation, 7-35 Kitashinagawa 6-chome, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0001, Japan has shown a polysilicon current mirror pixel in a 13xe2x80x3 diagonal 800xc3x97600 color active matrix OLED (AMOLED) display. The Sony circuit was published by T. Sasaoka et al., xe2x80x9cA 13.0-inch AM-OLED Display with top emitting structure and adaptive current mode programmed pixel circuit (TAC)xe2x80x9d, in 2001 SID International Symposium Digest of Technical Papers, volume XXXII, p384-387. In the Sony circuit, data on its data line is in the form of current rather than voltage. However, the Sony circuit does not correct for threshold variation of an OLED driving transistor.
A four PFET transistor circuit for use with polysilicon was developed by Sarnoff Corporation, 201 Washington Road Princeton, N.J. 08543-5300, as described by R. M. A. Dawson et al., xe2x80x9cThe impact of the transient response of organic light emitting diodes on the design of active matrix OLED displaysxe2x80x9d, in IEDM, p875-878, 1998. The Sarnoff circuit uses a data line current to directly set a current in a transistor that drives an OLED. However, the circuit requires polysilicon and uses two transistors in series between the OLED and a power supply and has a third input control signal that could be used for dark gray scale capability in high resolution displays. The third input control adds complication to the physical design pixel circuit and array design.
An alternative four polysilicon transistor arrangement was developed by Phillips Research, 5656 AA Eindhoven, the Netherlands, as described by T. van de Biggelaar et al, xe2x80x9cPassive and active matrix addressed polymer light emitting diode displaysxe2x80x9d in Flat Panel Display Technology and Display Metrology II of the Proceedings of the SPIE, Vol. 4295 p134-146, 2001. This arrangement eliminates the third input control signal of the Sarnoff circuit, but also uses two transistors in series between the power supply and the OLED. The elimination of the third input does not allow its use in high-resolution displays having dark gray scale capability.
A similar circuit using four amorphous silicon NFET transistors using data line current was published by the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. 48109, and more specifically by Yi He et al., xe2x80x9cCurrent-source a-Si:H thin film transistor circuit for active-matrix organic light-emitting displaysxe2x80x9d, in IEEE Electron Device Letters, vol.21, No.12, p590-592, 2000. One limitation of this circuit is that a second transistor is connected in series with an OLED current generating transistor to a power supply. This pixel circuit also would not be used in high-resolution displays having dark gray scale capability.
The present invention provides a method for driving an organic light emitting diode (OLED) pixel circuit. The method includes applying a first signal to a terminal of the OLED when setting a state of the pixel circuit, and applying a second signal to the terminal when viewing the state.
The present invention also provides a driver for an OLED pixel circuit. The driver includes a switch that directs a first signal to a terminal of the OLED when setting a state of the pixel circuit, and that directs a second signal to the terminal when viewing the state.

International Business Machines Corporation


The invention is to provide a surface-treated steel sheet of good white rust resistance with no chromium in its surface treatment film, and it has realized a surface-treated steel sheet of higher-level corrosion resistance by forming a reaction layer of plating metal with a barrier layer effective for anticorrosion not in a two-layered film but in a single-layered film. The surface-treated steel sheet is fabricated by applying a surface-treating composition that contains:                (a) a water-dispersible resin and/or a water-soluble resin obtained through reaction of an epoxy group-containing resin (A) with an active hydrogen-containing compound (B) a part or all of which is an active hydrogen-containing hydrazine derivative and preferably with a hydrophilic organic component (C),        (b) a silane coupling agent,        (c) a phosphoric acid and/or a hexafluoro-metal acid, and        (d) preferably an aqueous dispersion of an urethane resin, to a zinc-plated or aluminium-plated steel sheet followed by drying it to form thereon a surface treatment film having a thickness of from 0.02 to 5 μm. Regarding its film structure, the surface treatment film comprises an amorphous compound layer containing P, Zn and/or Al, and O, and an overlying organic resin matrix layer where the matrix is a hydrazine derivative-modified epoxy group-containing resin or the epoxy group-containing resin and an urethane resin.

For application to electric and electronic appliances for household use, construction materials and vehicles, heretofore widely used are chromate-treated steel sheets that are fabricated by treating the surfaces of zinc-plated steel sheets or aluminium-plated steel sheets with a surface-treating agent comprising, as the essential ingredient, chromic acid, bichromic acid or its salt for improving the corrosion resistance (white rust resistance, red rust resistance) of the steel sheets. The chromate treatment is a relatively simple and economical method for forming films of good corrosion resistance.
In such chromate treatment, used is hexavalent chromium, a substance of which the use is controlled for antipollution. The hexavalent chromium is post-treated in a closed system, in which it is completely reduced and collected, and is therefore not discharged out into the natural world, and, in addition, the chromium release from chromate films can be almost zero owing to the sealing action of the organic films. Accordingly, the environment and human bodies are not substantially polluted by hexavalent chromium. However, from the recent global environmental problems, a tendency toward self-imposed restraints on the use of heavy metals including hexavalent chromium is increasing. In addition, for protecting the environment from pollution by dumped shredder dust of wastes, a movement of not using as much as possible heavy metals or reducing them in products has begun.
Given that situation, many proposals of chromium-free technology with no chromate treatment have been made for preventing white rust formation on zinc-plated steel sheets. For example, steel sheets are dipped in, or coated with or electrolyzed in a solution of an inorganic compound, an organic compound, an organic polymer material or a combination of any of them to thereby form a thin film thereon.
Concretely, the following methods may be employed.    (1) A method of dipping steel sheets in a processing solution that comprises a polyphenol-carboxylic acid such as tannic acid and a silane coupling agent, or applying the processing solution to them to thereby form a film on them (e.g., JP-A 7-216268, Japanese Patent 2,968,959).    (2). A method of using a processing solution that is prepared by adding a polyphenol-carboxylic acid such as tannic acid or a phosphoric acid compound to an organic resin, for forming a film (e.g., JP-A 8-325760, 2000-34578, 2000-199076, 2000-248380).    (3) A method of applying a processing solution that is prepared by mixing an organic resin and a silane coupling agent, onto steel sheets (e.g., JP-A 10-80664).
According to the above-mentioned method (1), steel sheets are treated with an aqueous solution that comprises a polyphenol-carboxylic acid, a silane coupling agent and optionally a metal ion. One example of the method is described in JP-A 7-216268. The method ensures good adhesiveness of the film to steel sheets, but is defective in that the corrosion resistance of the film is not enough.
For the method (2), for example, JP-A 8-325760 discloses a method of processing steel sheets with a processing solution that comprises a polyphenol-carboxylic acid, an organic resin and a metal ion. JP-A 2000-34578 discloses a method of dipping steel sheets in a processing solution that comprises an organic resin and a phosphoric acid compound, or applying the processing solution to steel sheets, followed by drying the thus-processed steel sheets. The protective films formed from these processing solutions could be effective in some degree for improving the corrosion resistance of steel, but they could not attain high-level corrosion resistance like chromate treatment.
For the method (3), JP-A 10-80664 discloses a method of applying a processing solution that is prepared by mixing an organic resin and a silane coupling agent, to steel to thereby form a film thereon. In the processing solution, however, the silane coupling agent is not satisfactorily active on an inert metal surface and therefore the adhesiveness and the corrosion resistance of the film formed are unsatisfactory.

Surface-treated steel sheets of good white rust resistance, and method for producing them


An antenna array and a wireless communications device are disclosed. The antenna array includes at least two directional antennas in different directions. Each directional antenna includes an antenna element, a reflector, a feed line coupled to the antenna element, and a switch for controlling the feed line. The antenna element is a microstrip dipole antenna element. The reflector is a parasitic microstrip antenna element. A length of the reflector is greater than a length the antenna element. Two ends of the reflector are bent toward the antenna element. A distance between midpoints of reflectors of any two directional antennas is less than a distance between midpoints of antenna elements thereof. Because the reflectors of the antenna array are located on an inner side of a pattern enclosed by the antenna elements of directional antennas, a size of the antenna array is small.

An anti-interference capability of an antenna may be improved by making an electromagnetic wave point to a particular direction. A smart antenna formed by a plurality of directional antennas pointing to different directions can change a radio receiving and sending direction of the antenna. Because a directional antenna has a large volume, it is difficult to miniaturize the smart antenna formed by the plurality of directional antennas pointing to different directions.

Antenna array and wireless communications device


The invention relates to a method for operating a wind turbine by switching on an aircraft warning light, the luminaries of which comprise LEDs, said LEDs radiating light with a maximum intensity in the range of visible light. At least one NIR LED is switched on when the aircraft warning light is switched on, said at least one NIR light source radiating light with a maximum intensity in the NIR range.

Depending upon the location and requirements, wind energy plants must be provided with a specified flight navigation device. In Germany, they must be marked for example by an obstruction light, a hazard beacon, a blade tip obstruction light or Feuer W rot (="W red light" standard) in accordance with their overall height (see Nachrichten für Luftfahrer [News for Airmen], Part I, Deutsche Flugsicherung [German Air Traffic Control], January 2005). While hazard beacons have a light intensity of more than 1=2000 cd, the light intensity of obstruction lights is only at least 1=10 cd and amounts to only a fraction of the light intensity of hazard beacons. The navigation lighting in wind energy plants is normally always designed in pairs and in a redundant manner.
A flight navigation device for a wind farm is known from EP 1 282 888 B1, in which the individual wind energy plants are equipped with one flight navigation device in each case and the wind farm control comprises a synchronization unit which synchronizes the lighting means in such a way that the lighting means of the various wind energy plants are switched on and off simultaneously.
It is the object of the invention to make available a method of operating a wind energy plant and a wind energy plant which operates with such a method, the method and wind energy plant being more reliable.
It is also the object of the invention to make available a method of operating a wind farm and a wind farm, the method and wind farm being more reliable.
The object is attained with respect to the first method by a method specified in the introduction and having the characterizing features of claim 1.
In this case, flight navigation devices are understood as being both hazard beacons and obstruction lights. Modern flight navigation devices usually have the lighting means in the form of LEDs. As compared with conventional filament lamps or discharge lamps, LEDs require little maintenance and are wear-free. A drawback of LEDs, however, is that they have only a very limited radiation spectrum. By way of example, the red LEDs to be used for the flight navigation devices radiate wavelengths in a range of between λ=610 to 750 nm. LEDs radiating in the visible spectrum range are referred to below as VIS LEDs. In this way, the demands made upon the marking of obstructions are indeed met in the visible light spectrum. Night flights, in particular of helicopters, are usually not carried out in the region of wind energy plants or wind farms, but the pilots in question usually fly around these obstructions. Under certain circumstances, however, for example during the rescue of stranded persons in offshore wind farms, it may be necessary to have to fly at night in the vicinity of wind farms or into the wind farms. Night flights, in particular night flights of helicopters, are frequently carried out with night-vision devices. The night-vision devices detect the light spectrum in the near infrared range (NIR) and convert this into visible light. In this case the NIR range is in wavelengths of from λ=750 nm to λ=1500 nm. The operating range of the night-vision devices covers, depending upon the device, different spectral ranges in the NIR in this case, but it does not extend into the visual spectral range of from λ=350 nm to λ=750 nm. Since the spectral range of the LED flight navigation devices radiating only in the visual range does not correspond to the detection range of the night-vision devices, it is possible for wind energy plants to be overlooked during night flights, and dangerous situations can arise.


A message injection apparatus including a memory, a processor, a connection unit communicatively coupled to a communication device, and an application operating in the memory that is configured to receive audio signals from the communication device and to transmit at least one audio signal to the communication unit based on an operational mode.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention is directed to a device and method for injecting media information into a cellular communication.
2. Background of the Invention
Devices capable of sending and receiving communications, such as phone calls, text messages, electronic mail, instant messaging requests, and other electronic updates and information are becoming increasingly prevalent. Such devices come in a wide variety and may be generally stationary, such as a desktop computer, TV/Set-Top box, static game console, etc., or may be easily portable, such as a smart phone, tablet computer, notebook computer, personal digital assistant ("PDA"), portable game console, portable media device, etc. Further, such devices may send and receive communications through a wide variety of wired or wireless connections, standards, or protocols, such as the Internet, an intranet, voice over internet protocol ("VOIP"), satellite, 3G, SMS, MMS, 4G, WIMAX, etc.
The ability to record audio messages and store these messages in the memory of these devices is widely known. In addition, the ability to encode live audio and route the live audio to a network, such as a cellular network, is also widely known. However, current devices do not allow the transmission of stored audio to a cellular network. Accordingly, only live audio streams can be uplinked to a cellular network. Because of this gap, a mobile communication device is dependent on the network it is connected to for storage of audio messages transmitted from the network, such as a voice mail server. This limits the use of audio recordings on cellular devices. Consequently, there is a need for device that has the ability to transmit recorded media information to devices on a wireless network.


A dye containing solution composition for use in forming optical recording media comprises about 0.1 to about 5 parts cyanine dye; about 0.1 to about 5 parts polyvinyl acetate resin and about 100 to about 90 parts co-solvents. The dye containing solution is applied to a substrate of an optical recording medium by a spin coating process to form a recording layer having a uniform thickness. The resultant optical recording medium is suitable for reading and writing with a laser beam.

The present invention relates to optical recording media adapted for storing information. In particular, the invention relates to a dye-in-polymer coating for use in an optical recording media.
Optical recording media are used for high density information storage. In an optical recording system, typically an optical disc is rotated at a high speed and a laser is used for both reading and writing information. A surface of the optical disc has optical properties which can be changed in order to store information.
Organic optical media have recently been used for fabricating Write-Once-Read-Many (WORM) optical discs. Typically, information is recorded by producing pits in a dye covered surface of the storage medium. In general, an organic storage medium using pits to store information can either be vapor-deposited or spin coated onto a substrate. Organic dye is sometimes spin coated along with a polymer matrix, often called a "dye-in-polymer (DIP)" system. However, an organic dye can be spin coated onto substrates alone by using a suitable solvent. This is referred to as a single dye system.
A single dye system has the advantage of simplicity, but suffers from lack of precise control of the thickness of the medium during the spin coating deposition process. The thickness of the recording layer significantly influences the read-write characteristics of the disc, especially the carrier-to-noise ratio. Therefore, it is important to be able to control the thicknesses of a recording layer.

Organic dye-in-polymer (DIP) medium for write-once-read-many (WORM) optical discs

Industrial Technology Research Institute


A super absorbent, honey-dosed foam/fiber composite, gap patterned wound dressing, comprising: a patterned foam/fiber composite structure having a gap patterned side and a non-gap patterned side, wherein the patterned side includes a pattern of foam/fiber gaps disposed between foam/fiber areas dosed with honey, where the pattern of foam/fiber gaps is formed by the honey-dosed areas, such that the patterned foam/fiber composite structure includes a layer of super absorbent material located substantially adjacent to the honey-dosed areas; and wherein a wound in contact with the gap patterned side discharges an exudate which substantially collects in the individual ones of the foam/fiber gaps causing honey in the individual ones of the honey-dosed areas to be substantially dispersed throughout a wound treatment zone and a portion of the exudate that is collected in the individual ones of the foam/fiber gaps is transferred to and collected in the super absorbent material.

Prior to the present invention, as set forth in general terms above and more specifically below, it is known, to employ various dressing designs for applications to wounds. See for example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,767,784 by Gluck, U.S. Pat. No. 4,231,357 by Hessner, U.S. Pat. No. 4,649,909 by Thompson, U.S. Pat. No. 5,086,764 by Gilman, U.S. Pat. No. 6,605,751 by Gibbins, et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,697,261 by Soerens, et al., U.S. Pat. No. 7,220,889 by Sigurjonsson, et al., U.S. Pat. No. 7,714,183 by Caskey, U.S. Patent Application Publication 2008/0027366 by De Silva Macedo, Jr., U.S. Patent Application Publication 2011/0135726 by Munro, et al., U.S. Patent Application Publication 2014/0127283 by Watson, U.S. Patent Application Publication 2014/0142522 by Filippova, et al., and U.S. Pat. No. RE 42,755 E by Molan. While these various wound dressings may have been generally satisfactory, there is nevertheless a need for a new and improved super absorbent, honey bearing composite wound dressing having super absorbency with intelligent management of wound exudates where the honey in the honey bearing areas of the wound dressing is delivered to a wound treatment area under force of exudates in the wound treatment area flowing from the wound treatment area into the composite dressing and then be transferred to and collected in a super absorbent material.
It is a purpose of this invention to fulfill this and other needs in the art in a manner more apparent to the skilled artisan once given the following disclosure.

Honey impregnated composition dressing having super absorbency and intelligent management of wound exudate and method of making same


Systems for processing requests to execute a program code of a user use a deployment model to select one of multiple virtual computing environments, each implemented on a plurality of server computers, which will produce the optimal program code execution, according to metrics such as latency, cost, and resource availability. The system receives the requests in the form of event messages associated with triggering events occurring on networks across the environments. The system feeds network usage data and event message metadata describing the event, event source, other target resources, and the like, into the deployment model to identify a candidate environment. The system enables the candidate environment to execute the program code, and then routes a subset of the event messages to the candidate environment, monitoring associated performance data. If the request processing is improved, the system continues routing some or all of the event messages to the candidate environment.

Generally described, computing devices utilize a communication network, or a series of communication networks, to exchange data. Companies and organizations operate computer networks that interconnect a number of computing devices to support operations or provide services to third parties. The computing systems can be located in a single geographic location or located in multiple, distinct geographic locations (e.g., interconnected via private or public communication networks). Specifically, data centers or data processing centers, herein generally referred to as a "data center," may include a number of interconnected computing systems to provide computing resources to users of the data center. The data centers may be private data centers operated on behalf of an organization or public data centers operated on behalf, or for the benefit of, the general public.
To facilitate increased utilization of data center resources, virtualization technologies may allow a single physical computing device to host one or more instances of virtual machines that appear and operate as independent computing devices to users of a data center. The single physical computing device can create, maintain, delete, or otherwise manage virtual machines in a dynamic manner. In some scenarios, various computing devices may be associated with different combinations of operating systems or operating system configurations, virtualized hardware resources and software applications to enable a computing device to provide different desired functionalities, or to provide similar functionalities more efficiently. Further, virtual machines can themselves be partitioned into multiple isolated virtual systems, called "containers." The virtual machine controls allocation of resources such as processing power and memory, and each container has its own process and network space in which the container can, for example, execute software programs.
In turn, users can request computer resources from a data center, including single computing devices or a configuration of networked computing devices, and be provided with varying numbers of virtual machine resources. Virtualization also scales upward from virtual machines; entire data centers and even multiple data centers may implement computing environments with varying capacities, such as a virtual private network and a virtual private cloud. Computing environments that share a platform can be physically and/or logically isolated from each other to prevent or control data transmissions between the environments. Physical isolation may include, for example, eliminating network communication between servers of different computing environments. Logical isolation can be achieved in many ways, such as by placing a computing environment's network access onto a private subnet and/or virtual private network, or by requiring user authentication to access any interfaces with the computing environment. Thus, a process running in a container on a virtual machine in a virtual private cloud allocated in one computing environment may be unable to access a resource stored in another computing environment, or may encounter high latency when doing so.

User code deployment across compute resource partitions