A scratch remover and desensitizer composition which is especially useful in treating scratches in non-image areas of lithographic printing plates and desensitizing such scratched areas so they will not accept ink is comprised of an alkali metal silicate, a tribasic phosphate salt, an organic solvent, a nonionic surfactant and water.

The art of lithographic printing is based upon the immiscibility of oil and water, wherein the oily material or ink is preferentially retained by the image area and the water or fountain solution is preferentially retained by the non-image area. When a suitably prepared surface is moistened with water and an ink is then applied, the background or non-image area retains the water and repels the ink while the image area accepts the ink and repels the water. The ink on the image area is then transferred to the surface of a material upon which the image is to be reproduced, such as paper, cloth and the like. Commonly the ink is transferred to an intermediate material called the blanket, which in turn transfers the ink to the surface of the material upon which the image is to be reproduced.
In the offset printing art, printing plates are almost exclusively made with aluminum supports. Inherently, aluminum is a relatively soft metal so that it is frequently the case that the printing plate is subject to scratching or other damage in use.
Aluminum has been used for many years as a support for lithographic printing plates. In order to prepare the aluminum for such use, it is typical to subject it to both a graining process and a subsequent anodizing process. The graining process serves to improve the adhesion of the subsequently applied radiation-sensitive coating and to enhance the water-receptive characteristics of the background areas of the printing plate. The graining affects both the performance and the durability of the printing plate, and the quality of the graining is a critical factor determining the overall quality of the printing plate. A fine, uniform grain that is free of pits is essential to provide the highest quality performance.
Both mechanical and electrolytic graining processes are well known and widely used in the manufacture of lithographic printing plates. Optimum results are usually achieved through the use of electrolytic graining, which is also referred to in the art as electrochemical graining or electrochemical roughening, and there have been a great many different processes of electrolytic graining proposed for use in lithographic printing plate manufacturing. Processes of electrolytic graining are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,755,116, 3,887,447, 3,935,080, 4,087,341, 4,201,836, 4,272,342, 4,294,672, 4,301,229, 4,396,468, 4,427,500, 4,468,295, 4,476,006, 4,482,434, 4,545,875, 4,548,683, 4,564,429, 4,581,996, 4,618,405, 4,735,696, 4,897,168 and 4,919,774.
Use of electrochemical graining requires the use of aluminum which is very pure and therefore very soft and this further aggravates the problem of scratch formation.
In the manufacture of lithographic printing plates, the graining process is typically followed by an anodizing process, utilizing an acid such as sulfuric or phosphoric acid, and the anodizing process is typically followed by a process which renders the surface hydrophilic such as a process of thermal silication or electrosilication. The anodization step serves to provide an anodic oxide layer and is preferably controlled to create a layer of at least 0.3 g/m.sup.2. Processes for anodizing aluminum to form an anodic oxide coating and then hydrophilizing the anodized surface by techniques such as silication are very well known in the art, and need not be further described herein.
Included among the many patents relating to processes for anodization of lithographic printing plates are U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,594,289, 2,703,781, 3,227,639, 3,511,661, 3,804,731, 3,915,811, 3,988,217, 4,022,670, 4,115,211, 4,229,266 and 4,647,346. Illustrative of the many materials useful in forming hydrophilic barrier layers are polyvinyl phosphonic acid, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylamide, silicates, zirconates and titanates. Included among the many patents relating to hydrophilic barrier layers utilized in lithographic printing plates are U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,714,066, 3,181,461, 3,220,832, 3,265,504, 3,276,868, 3,549,365, 4,090,880, 4,153,461, 4,376,914, 4,383,987, 4,399,021, 4,427,765, 4,427,766, 4,448,647, 4,452,674, 4,458,005, 4,492,616, 4,578,156, 4,689,272, 4,935,332 and European Patent No. 190,643.
The anodization process is intended to make the surface more resistant to wear and to provide enhanced adhesion for the light-sensitive coatings that are applied thereto, but the oxide layer formed thereby is very thin and therefore easily subject to damage. Moreover, the hardness of the oxide layer is dependent on the particular characteristics of the anodization process utilized and the softer it is the more prone it is to damage from scratches.
Due to the environment in most print shops, it is unlikely that a printing plate can ever be robust enough to withstand the diverse conditions and methods of handling. Quite often, a plate is scratched before it gets to press. If the scratch is light and has not broken through the oxide layer, or has occurred on the image area, the print quality will not be affected. Many times, however, the oxide layer is seriously damaged and the area of damage will become ink receptive. Pressmen try various approaches to render these damaged areas hydrophilic, but typically such attempts are ineffective or short lived. Manufacturers of printing plates, as well as those producing ancillary chemicals for printers, commonly manufacture scratch remover compositions intended to restore hydrophilicity as an extended or permanent correction. Typically, these compositions are incapable of performing in a fully acceptable manner. The aim has been to formulate a composition that is easy to use and will effectively desensitize the damaged area under a variety of conditions so that a pressman will have a high likelihood of being able to use the plate in a normal manner and not have to replace it or experience excessive press stoppage for extensive corrective treatment. This has proven to be extremely difficult to achieve.
Many compositions have been proposed for use as scratch removers and desensitizers for lithographic printing plates and/or for such related functions as plate cleaners and plate finishers.
Examples include desensitizer compositions containing silicates, wetting agents and hydrophilic colloids as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,258,122, issued Mar. 24, 1981; fountain solutions comprising trisodium phosphate, sodium metasilicate, tetrapotassium pyrophosphate, a nonionic surfactant and a dialkylpolysiloxane as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,340,509, issued Jul. 20, 1982; scratch remover compositions comprising a water-in-oil emulsion as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,399,243, issued Aug. 16, 1983; plate cleaning compositions comprising a silicate and a cationic or amphoteric surfactant as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,576,743, issued Mar. 18, 1986; scratch remover compositions comprising trisodium phosphate, sodium metasilicate and an anionic surfactant as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,778,616, issued Oct. 18, 1988, and plate cleaning compositions comprising an organic solvent, sodium metasilicate and a nonionic surfactant as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,886,553, issued Dec. 12, 1989 and 4,997,588, issued Mar. 5, 1991.
It is toward the objective of providing a new and improved scratch remover and desensitizer composition that overcomes the disadvantages of prior art compositions, and more effectively meets the needs of the lithographic printing plate art, that the present invention is directed.

Scratch remover and desensitizer composition for use with lithographic printing plates


A navigation apparatus wherein xe2x80x9clatitudexe2x80x9d and xe2x80x9clongitudexe2x80x9d are used as coordinate information on a set location. It comprises a display device 6 which includes, at least, digital displaying patterns 301-303 and digital displaying patterns 304-305 for numerically displaying values of xe2x80x9cdegreesxe2x80x9d and xe2x80x9cminutesxe2x80x9d of each of the xe2x80x9clatitude xe2x80x9d andxe2x80x9clongitudexe2x80x9d, respectively, an input device which sets the values, a storage device which stores therein the coordinate information on the set location, and a control device by which, in a case where the displays of xe2x80x9cdegreesxe2x80x9d by the digital displaying patterns 301-303 of the display device 6 have been inputted as or validated at a predetermined value by the input device, the displays of xe2x80x9cminutesxe2x80x9d by the digital displaying patterns 304-305 of the display device 6 are automatically changed to a preset value, and by which, when the displays of xe2x80x9cdegreesxe2x80x9d by the digital displaying patterns 301-303 of the display device 6 have been validated at the predetermined value by the input device, the displays of xe2x80x9cminutesxe2x80x9d by the digital displaying patterns 304-305 of the display device 6 are validated at the preset value, and the respective values are stored in the storage device as the coordinate information on the set location.

This invention relates to a navigation apparatus which is used in a state where it is carried by a user or where it is mounted on a mobile object, for example, a vehicle.
The official gazette of Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 16992/1996, for example, discloses a navigation apparatus which is mounted on a vehicle as a route information display apparatus.
As shown in FIG. 15, the navigation apparatus comprises a reception device (positioning device) 1 which receives an electric wave from a GPS satellite and outputs the positional data of the current location, a read device 3 which reads map data from a map information storage medium 2 such as CD-ROM, a buffer memory 4 in which the map data is stored, a displaying image memory 5 in which image data forming the bases of depiction patterns to be stated below are held stored, a display controller 7 which causes a display device 6, such as CRT or LCD, to display the depiction pattern corresponding to the map data by the use of the image data of the displaying image memory 5, and a control device 8, such as microcomputer, which controls the whole system, wherein the content of the displaying image memory 5 is updated in accordance with the change of the current position, and the display on the display device 6 is also changed accordingly. Incidentally, an input device 9, such as keyboard, which enables a user, such as driver, to perform various operations such as setting a starting location and a destination location and recording drive data is connected to the control device 8.
Besides, the official gazette of Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5721/1996 discloses an apparatus in which another buffer memory 4a is prepared, and map data different from that of the buffer memory 4 is copied, whereby a route selection spot, for example, an intersection having come near ahead is displayed in detail (for example, on enlarged scale) by the display device 6, so as to indicate a running direction.
In setting any desired spot as a set location in the navigation apparatus of this type, there are the construction (the former) wherein the spot is sought on a map and is set as explained above, and also a construction (the latter) wherein, as disclosed in the official gazette of Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 257988/1999, the spot is set by inputting the values of xe2x80x9clatitudexe2x80x9d and xe2x80x9clongitudexe2x80x9d being terrestrial coordinate information as are introduced by various media such as magazines, television broadcasting and Internet sites.
The former is effective in case where the place of the set location is known, but the latter is employed in a case where only the coordinate information items are available.
The present invention has for its object to provide a navigation apparatus which realizes the facility of operations in setting the set location with the coordinate information.
Besides, in case of displaying the coordinate information, it is necessary for displaying the xe2x80x9clatitudexe2x80x9d to prepare a design which expresses the xe2x80x9cnorth latitudexe2x80x9d or the xe2x80x9csouth latitudexe2x80x9d, and a design which consists of, at least, two-digit numeral expressive of the value of xe2x80x9cdegreesxe2x80x9d and two-digit numeral expressive of the value of xe2x80x9cminutesxe2x80x9d, while it is necessary for displaying the xe2x80x9clongitudexe2x80x9d to prepare a design which expresses the xe2x80x9ceast longitudexe2x80x9d or the xe2x80x9cwest longitudexe2x80x9d, and a design which consists of, at least, three-digit numeral expressive of the value of xe2x80x9cdegreesxe2x80x9d and two-digit numeral expressive of the value of xe2x80x9cminutesxe2x80x9d.
To prepare all of such designs within the display space of the identical display device 6 is liable to deteriorate in visibility because the size of each of the designs is liable to be limited and to become small. To the contrary, to set the size of each of the designs at a sufficient size in consideration of the visibility is unfavorable because a proportion for the coordinate information in the display space is increased to impose restrictions on the other displays.
The present invention has for its object to provide a navigation apparatus in which, in displaying the coordinate information, designs for the other displays are used in common, whereby a good visibility of the designs for the display of the coordinate information is ensured with the proportion of these designs suppressed.
In order to accomplish the objects, as defined in claim 1, the navigation apparatus of the present invention consists in a navigation apparatus wherein xe2x80x9clatitudexe2x80x9d and xe2x80x9clongitudexe2x80x9d are used as coordinate information on a set location, characterized by comprising a display device which includes a design for numerically displaying values of, at least, xe2x80x9cdegreesxe2x80x9d and xe2x80x9cminutesxe2x80x9d of each of the xe2x80x9clatitudexe2x80x9d and xe2x80x9clongitudexe2x80x9d, an input device which sets the values by employing the design of said display device, a storage device which stores therein the coordinate information on the set location, and a control device by which, in a case where the display of xe2x80x9cdegreesxe2x80x9d by said design of said display device has been validated at a predetermined value by operating said input device, the display of xe2x80x9cminutesxe2x80x9d by said design of said display device is automatically changed to a preset value, and by which, when said display of xe2x80x9cdegreesxe2x80x9d by said design of said display device has been validated at the predetermined value by said input device, said display of xe2x80x9cminutesxe2x80x9d by said design of the display device is validated at said preset value, and the respective values are stored in said storage device as said coordinate information on said set location.
Besides, as defined in claim 2, the navigation apparatus of the present invention consists in a navigation apparatus wherein xe2x80x9clatitudexe2x80x9d and xe2x80x9clongitudexe2x80x9d are used as coordinate information on a set location, characterized by comprising a display device which includes a design for numerically displaying values of, at least, xe2x80x9cdegreesxe2x80x9d and xe2x80x9cminutesxe2x80x9d of each of the xe2x80x9clatitudexe2x80x9d and xe2x80x9clongitudexe2x80x9d, an input device which sets the values by employing the design of said display device, a storage device which stores therein the coordinate information on the set location, and a control device by which, in a case where the display of xe2x80x9cdegreesxe2x80x9d by said design of said display device has been inputted as a predetermined value by operating said input device, the display of xe2x80x9cminutesxe2x80x9d by said design of said display device is automatically changed to a preset value, and by which, when said display of xe2x80x9cdegreesxe2x80x9d by said design of said display device has been validated at the predetermined value by said input device, said display of xe2x80x9cminutesxe2x80x9d by said design of the display device is validated at said preset value, and the respective values are stored in said storage device as said coordinate information on said set location.
Especially, in claim 1 or claim 2, as defined in claim 3, the navigation apparatus is characterized in that said predetermined value is xe2x80x9c90xe2x80x9d for said xe2x80x9clatitudexe2x80x9d and xe2x80x9c180xe2x80x9d for said xe2x80x9clongitudexe2x80x9d, while said preset value is xe2x80x9c00xe2x80x9d for both said xe2x80x9clatitudexe2x80x9d and said xe2x80x9clongitudexe2x80x9d.
Besides, as defined in claim 4, the navigation apparatus of the present invention consists in a navigation apparatus wherein xe2x80x9clatitudexe2x80x9d and xe2x80x9clongitudexe2x80x9d are used as coordinate information on a set location, characterized by comprising a display device which includes a design for numerically displaying values of, at least, xe2x80x9cdegreesxe2x80x9d and xe2x80x9cminutesxe2x80x9d of each of the xe2x80x9clatitudexe2x80x9d and xe2x80x9clongitudexe2x80x9d, an input device which sets the values by employing the design of said display device, a storage device which stores therein the coordinate information on the set location, and a control device by which, in a case where the display of xe2x80x9cdegreesxe2x80x9d by said design of said display device has been inputted as or validated at a predetermined value having xe2x80x9c0xe2x80x9d as a value of a lowermost digit by operating said input device, the display of xe2x80x9cminutesxe2x80x9d by said design of said display device is automatically changed to xe2x80x9c00xe2x80x9d, and by which, when said display of xe2x80x9cminutesxe2x80x9d has been validated at a desired value by said input device, the respective values are stored in said storage device as said coordinate information on said set location. Besides, as defined in claim 5, the navigation apparatus of the present invention consists in a navigation apparatus wherein xe2x80x9clatitudexe2x80x9d and xe2x80x9clongitudexe2x80x9d are used as coordinate information on a set location, characterized by comprising a positioning device which measures a current position of a mobile object, an input device which sets the set location, a storage device which stores therein the coordinate information on said set location, a display device which includes an azimuth display area for displaying an azimuthal direction in accordance with an azimuth signal, and a distance display area for numerically displaying a movement distance and values of, at least, xe2x80x9cdegreesxe2x80x9d and xe2x80x9cminutesxe2x80x9d of the xe2x80x9clatitudexe2x80x9d and the xe2x80x9clongitudexe2x80x9d, and a control device which obtains said azimuthal direction of said set location on the basis of signals from said positioning device and said input device and then outputs said azimuth signal; which calculates a distance between the current position and said set location and then outputs a distance signal, by which, in a case where the display of xe2x80x9cdegreesxe2x80x9d on said display device has been inputted as or validated at a predetermined value by operating said input device, the display of xe2x80x9cminutesxe2x80x9d on said display device is automatically changed to a preset value, and by which, when said display of xe2x80x9cdegreesxe2x80x9d on said display device has been validated at the predetermined value by said input device, said display of xe2x80x9cminutesxe2x80x9d on said display device is validated at the preset value, and the respective values are stored in said storage device as said coordinate information on said set location.
Besides, as defined in claim 6, the navigation apparatus of the present invention consists in a navigation apparatus wherein xe2x80x9clatitudexe2x80x9d and xe2x80x9clongitudexe2x80x9d are used as coordinate information on a set location, characterized by comprising a positioning device which measures a current position of a mobile object, an input device which sets the set location, a storage device which stores therein the coordinate information on said set location, a display device which includes an azimuth display area having a plurality of azimuth indication patterns arranged radiately so that an outer edge defined by their tips may form a circle or a circular arc, so as to display an azimuthal direction in accordance with an azimuth signal, and a distance display area for numerically displaying a movement distance and values of, at least, xe2x80x9cdegreesxe2x80x9d and xe2x80x9cminutesxe2x80x9d of the xe2x80x9clatitudexe2x80x9d and the xe2x80x9clongitudexe2x80x9d, and a control device which obtains the azimuthal direction of said set location on the basis of signals from said positioning device and said input device and then outputs the azimuth signal, which calculates a distance between the current position and said set location and then outputs a distance signal, by which, in a case where the display of xe2x80x9cdegreesxe2x80x9d on said display device has been inputted as or validated at a predetermined value by operating said input device, the display of xe2x80x9cminutesxe2x80x9d on said display device is automatically changed to a preset value, and by which, when said display of xe2x80x9cdegreesxe2x80x9d on said display device has been validated at the predetermined value by said input device, said display of xe2x80x9cminutesxe2x80x9d on said display device is validated at the preset value, and the respective values are stored in said storage device as said coordinate information on said set location.
Especially, in claim 5 or claim 6, as defined in claim 7, the navigation apparatus is characterized in that said display device includes designs by which, in a case where the xe2x80x9cdegreesxe2x80x9d and xe2x80x9cminutesxe2x80x9d of said xe2x80x9clatitudexe2x80x9d are being displayed in the distance display area, the azimuth display area presents a display for indicating the xe2x80x9cnorth latitudexe2x80x9d or xe2x80x9csouth latitudexe2x80x9d of said xe2x80x9clatitudexe2x80x9d, while in a case where the xe2x80x9cdegreesxe2x80x9d and xe2x80x9cminutesxe2x80x9d of said xe2x80x9clongitudexe2x80x9d are being displayed in said distance display area, said azimuth display area presents a display for indicating the xe2x80x9ceast longitudexe2x80x9d or xe2x80x9cwest longitudexe2x80x9d of said xe2x80x9clongitudexe2x80x9d.

Navigation apparatus having numerical display


An electrical box assembly includes an electrical box, a movable partition plate, and a cover having an opening for receiving and supporting an electrical wiring device such as a switch or duplex receptacle. The electrical box has a rear wall with a centrally located emboss having a plurality of screw holes for receiving a ground screw and ground wire. The partition plate has a recess for mating with the emboss and a top end for coupling with the cover member. The partition plate and cover member are adapted for coupling to the electrical box in different orientations so that the partition plate divides the electrical box into substantially equal size compartments for receiving high voltage and low voltage requirements.

Electrical boxes are known for receiving electrical wiring for various wiring devices. The electrical boxes can stand alone or can be recessed in a wall, ceiling, floor, or other surface.
Electrical boxes are also constructed for receiving high voltage wiring devices and low voltage wiring devices such as data and telephone receptacles. Boxes that receive both high voltage and low voltage require a divider to separate the high voltage and low voltage compartments.
An example of an electrical box is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,218,613 to Justiniano et al. The electrical box includes a flexible, isolation barrier installed into a standard double-gang device box to divide the available wiring space within the box into two separate compartments, one for communications conductors and the other for power conductors. The isolation barrier is either a stand-alone structure that attaches to the inside surface of a wall plate or it is integral with a separate chamber inserted into the box. As the isolation barrier is inserted into the box, its free end contacts the rear wall of the box and flexes while remaining in contact with the rear wall of the box, thus permitting the barrier to be used in device boxes having different depths.
An electrical box having the interior of the box divided into separate high and low voltage compartments is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,038,132 to Lowe et al. This patent discloses an outlet box that incorporates two separate boxes for accommodating both line and signal voltage wiring. A flush box, which substantially resembles a typical single-gang receptacle box, includes a flange cover that attaches the flush box to a recessed box. When the flush box and recessed box are connected together, a portion of the flush box resides within the recessed box and a second portion remains outside the recessed box. An L-shaped movable barrier separates the space within the recessed box into a line voltage chamber and a signal voltage chamber.
U.S. Patent Publication No. 2009/0014196 to Peck discloses a wall box having a planar divider to divide the box into two chambers of equal volume and intersects a knockout. The divider intersects the entire interior volume of the box, including the knockout located in the back wall of the box, so that the entire area of the opening corresponding to the knockout is not available for wiring that enters either chamber.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,455,449 to Rendel discloses a universal high and low voltage kit for use in a junction wiring box. The kit includes a partition plate with a pair of bottom flanges or legs for receiving a screw. The screws are threaded into screw holes. The partition plate is able to be mounted within the electrical box in two orientations 90° with respect to each other.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,268,564 to Miyakoshi discloses a connector bracket having a plurality of partition walls. The partition walls slide within grooves formed in the inner edge of the connector. The partition walls also include grooves for receiving dividers extending between the partition walls.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,653,561 to Lalancette et al. discloses an electrical box and partition plate. The plate has a transverse mounting bracket with a raised concave surface to prevent attachment of a ground screw.
U.S. Pat. No. 7,038,132 to Lowe et al. discloses the combination outlet box for line voltage and low voltage wiring within a standard single gang electrical outlet box. The combination includes a flush box, a recessed box, and an L-shaped movable barrier. The flush box resembles a standard plastic electrical box that fits within the flush box. The L-shaped barriers position the flush box within the recessed box and by the compartments within the recessed box.
U.S. Pat. No. 7,075,004 to Gretz discloses and integral low voltage/high voltage electrical box having a fixed divider positioned between compartments of the electrical box.
U.S. Pat. No. 7,525,043 to Gretz discloses a two-gang recessed electrical box for recessing a high voltage component and a low voltage component. The electrical box assembly includes a frame with a rearward extending collar and a peripheral flange extending inwardly. A high voltage compartment and a low voltage compartment are provided at the rear of the frame member. The high voltage compartment has an electrical box extending rearward from the peripheral flange.
U.S. Pat. No. 7,825,336 to Peck discloses an electrical box having a detachable divider that can divide the cavity of the electrical box into two different size compartments. The detachable divider is shaped to provide one compartment with a dimension greater than the other.
U.S. Patent Publication No. 2011/0005799 to Drane discloses a dual high voltage electrical floor box. The assembly includes a divider that slides within longitudinal grooves in the floor box. Dividers extend perpendicular to the divider.
U.S. Patent Publication No. 2011/0209913 to Green et al. discloses an electrical box having separate wiring areas for low voltage and line voltage. The electrical box is formed by fixed inner walls to define the high voltage and low voltage areas.
While the prior devices are generally suitable for the intended purpose, there is a continuing need in the industry for an improved electrical box for high and low voltage applications.

Electrical box with multi-directional partition plate


A semiconductor element having a high breakdown voltage includes a substrate, a buffer layer, a semiconductor composite layer and a bias electrode. The buffer layer disposed on the substrate includes a high edge dislocation defect density area. The semiconductor composite layer disposed on the buffer layer includes a second high edge dislocation defect density area formed due to the first high edge dislocation defect density area. The bias electrode is disposed on the semiconductor composite layer. A virtual gate effect of defect energy level capturing electrons is generated due to the first and second high edge dislocation defect density areas, such that an extended depletion region expanded from the bias electrode is formed at the semiconductor composite layer. When the bias electrode receives a reverse bias, the extended depletion region reduces a leakage current and increases the breakdown voltage of the semiconductor element.

A power electronics including a transistor and a Schottky diode is frequently operated under high-power and high-temperature environments. Hence, III-nitrides having a high electric field and a large bandgap are often selected as an optimal choice for manufacturing a high-voltage and high-power power electronics including a transistor and a Schottky diode. Such power rectifier is applicable to high-power electronic elements including power distribution modules, power conditioning in large industrial motors, hybrid electric vehicles and switchers.
However, a Schottky diode and a transistor element manufactured from gallium nitride (GaN) usually suffer from unsatisfactory reverse leakage current and breakdown voltage. To achieve a low leakage and a high breakdown voltage, a solution of adding a guard ring having carriers in opposite polarities to a Schottky diode is provided in the prior art. Yet, on top of an additional masking process required for fabricating the guard ring, the guard ring also occupies an extra space such that a Schottky diode provided with a guard ring needs a larger space that disfavors a common goal of element miniaturization.
The US Patent Publication No. 20120025278 discloses a Schottky diode. The disclosed Schottky diode includes an ohmic contact layer formed by a semiconductor material, a metal layer serving as an anode, and a drift channel formed by a semiconductor material and formed between the ohmic contact layer and the metal layer. The drift channel includes a heavily-doped region neighboring to the ohmic contact layer, and a Schottky barrier is formed by the drift channel and the metal layer. When the Schottky diode is reversely biased, a pinch mechanism is applied to pinch the drift channel so that saturation or a leakage current between the metal layer and the ohmic contact layer is reduced.
Although the above Schottky diode does not need the design of a guard ring and is capable of reducing a leakage current as well as increasing a breakdown voltage of the Schottky diode, an overall manufacturing process is nevertheless made complicated due to the additional doping process for fabricating the heavily-doped region. Therefore, there is a need for an improved solution for providing a semiconductor element having a high breakdown voltage.

Semiconductor element having high breakdown voltage


A method for increasing capacitive response to applied pressure by including a glass layer in the air gap of an improved capacitive sense element. The glass layer has additional thickness compared to previously known capacitive sense elements. The additional thickness is selected to achieve a predetermined increase in dielectric constant across the gap between electrodes. In an illustrative embodiment, the resulting capacitive sense element includes a gap having two dielectric media, air and glass, between the electrodes, wherein the thickness of the glass media in the gap and the thickness of the remaining air gap are predetermined based on the dielectric constant of glass and air to achieve desired capacitive response characteristics of the sensor design.

Pressure transducers are used in a wide variety of machines and systems to sense fluid pressure and applied forces at transducer locations. Pressure transducers generally convert a magnitude of the applied pressure to an electrical signal representing the magnitude. For example, previously known capacitive pressure sensors convert a magnitude of applied pressure to a magnitude of electrical capacitance.
Some previously known pressure sense elements that can be used in pressure transducer applications are based on a capacitive sensing technology. An example of such a sense element uses a pair of ceramic plates and electrodes separated by an air gap, which form a parallel plate capacitor on a rigid ceramic plate substrate. A deformable ceramic plate forms a diaphragm, which adjusts the distance between two electrodes across the gap. A nominal capacitance of the sense element and an amount of change in capacitance under application of pressure loading are characteristics of the sense element that are determined by several mechanical factors. These factors include the thickness of the diaphragm, the area of the diaphragm that is allowed to deform, the area of the electrodes, and the thickness of the air gap between the electrodes.
In certain applications, the air gap distance between electrodes of a sense element is in the order of micrometers. Sense elements that are manufactured with such a small gap thicknesses can have high defect rates due to contamination by conductive particles in the air gap that can provide a conductive path between the electrodes. The conductive particles are difficult to completely eliminate during manufacturing.
To reduce manufacturing defects due to conductive particle contamination in the air gap of a sense element, some previously known capacitive sense elements have included a glass layer over one of the electrodes for providing electrical insulation between the electrodes. However, because glass layer has a different dielectric constant than air in the gap, glass layer has the detrimental effect of altering the sense element characteristics such as the nominal capacitance and the amount of change in capacitance under application pressure loading. Moreover, by including a glass barrier over one of the electrodes, the amount of deflection that the deformable ceramic plate can achieve before contacting the glass barrier is limited. In previously known capacitive sense elements that include an extra glass layer over one of the electrodes, changes to the sensor's capacitive response characteristics are minimized or reduced by minimizing the thickness of the glass layer or increasing the thickness of the air gap.

Pressure sensor element with glass barrier material configured for increased capacitive response


The invention is directed to a magnetic eyeglasses holder that includes a spring clip formed from wire and configured for attaching to an object. A base is attached to the clip in which the base has a least one magnet. The magnet allows for attractive magnetic communication with each temple bar of an eyeglasses such that when folded the eyeglasses are held in place on the holder. The magnet can be partially positioned within at least one recess in the base and the magnet can be fixed in the recess or rotate within the recess.

Typical eyeglasses consist of a frame body that houses two lenses on either side of a nose piece. Attached to the frame body are two temple bars that extend from two ends of the frame body. The temple bars pivot between an open position perpendicular with the frame body and a closed position parallel with the frame body. Sometimes attached to the temple bars are separate ear pieces, or temple tips. The temple bars and nose piece support the frame on the head of the wearer.
Individuals often remove their eyeglasses temporarily. They may put them down and not recall where, they may hang them around their neck where they bounce against their chest, or they may put them in a pocket and have them fall out and/or get damaged.
To solve this problem, the prior art teaches using mechanical clasps to clip eyeglasses to a garment worn by the user. These are cumbersome and, like all mechanical clasps, may come loose. Some mechanical clasps also depend on the availability of a shirt pocket, a cap visor, belt, holder, straps, or the like. In addition, clips may work well initially, but fatigue can cause metal clips to weaken and lose their ability to hold eyeglasses securely. Moreover, clips can break, thereby causing the eyeglasses to come loose, fall and break, or be lost.
The use of magnets on eyeglass frames for various purposes is also well known in the art. For example, a number of eyeglass frames have magnets that magnetize the wearer for health benefits. Other eyeglass frames use magnets to hold eyeglass frame sections together, thereby facilitating disassembly and reassembly in a new configuration, with auxiliary frames, lenses, or the like.


A terminal device 50 includes aid-information acquisition device to acquire aid information 154 from an information providing apparatus, an information-providing-apparatus-sort judgment device to judge the type of information providing apparatus on the basis of positioning charge information 154a contained in the aid information 154, a positioning-basis-information generation device to generate positioning basis information 156 on the basis of position-relevant signals, a terminal-located-result-information generation device to locate a current position on the basis of the positioning basis information 156 to generate terminal-located position information and signal reception time information indicating signal reception times of the position-relevant signals, and a positioning-basis-information correction to correct the positioning basis information 156 on the basis of the signal reception time information to generate corrected positioning basis information 162.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to a position locating system. More specifically, the present invention relates to a position locating system, a terminal device, a control method for a terminal device, a control program for a terminal device, and a computer-readable record medium being configured to store a control program for a terminal device, with regards to positioning based on signals from positional information satellites.
2. Background Information
Heretofore, a position locating system wherein the current position of an SPS receiver is located by utilizing a satellite navigation system, for example, an SPS (Satellite positioning system) has been put into practical use. Herein, a so-called "assisted type" wherein the SPS receiver acquires aid information for the position location from external apparatuses by radio is extensively utilized. This type of structure is shown in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication JP-A-2002-228738, especially FIG. 1. JP-A-2002-228738 hereby incorporated by reference.
The above external apparatuses, however, are of a plurality of sorts and provide the aid information in conformity with different rules or protocols. Accordingly, even if the SPS receiver is constructed to be capable of acquiring the aid information from a certain specified external apparatus, there is sometimes a problem that when the SPS receiver leaves the service area of the external apparatus and enters the service area of an external apparatus of another sort, it cannot acquire the aid information. In contrast, when the SPS receiver includes constructions conforming to all the different individual external apparatuses, there is a problem in that a position locating chip becomes expensive.
In view of the above, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art from this disclosure that there exists a need for an improved position locating system, a terminal device, a control method for a terminal device, a control program for a terminal device, and a computer-readable record medium being configured to store a control program for a terminal device, with regards to positioning based on signals from positional information satellites. This invention addresses this need in the art as well as other needs, which will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this disclosure.

Position locating system, terminal device, control method for terminal device, control program for terminal device, and computer readable record medium storing control program for terminal device therein


The front brake of an electric motor has mechanical structure and is fitted on the output spindle at the front end of the electric motor, able to diminish the dimensions of an electric motor and save cost, and having no problem pertaining to circuit control and power compatibility in case of maintenance.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to the front brake of an electric motor, particularly to one having a simple mechanical structure to effectively control an electric motor and able to save cost.
2. Description of the Prior Art
A conventional electric motor 1 having function of braking and speed reducing, as shown in FIG. 1, is installed with an electromagnetic brake 2 at the rear side to control its shaft to carry out braking. That the electromagnetic brake 2 is installed at the rear side of the conventional electric motor 1 is mainly because the electric motor 1 has its front side provided with a speed-reducing device 3 to lower the speed and heighten the torsion of the output power of the electric motor 1 to let the spindle 4 at the front side of the electric motor 1 able to output a comparatively great power to drive the mechanical equipment connected with it. Under such a condition, after the speed-reducing device 3 carries out speed reduction, the spindle 4 will produce a torsion which is too huge to be braked by the electromagnetic brake 2; therefore the conventional electric motor 1 must have its electromagnetic brake 2 installed at the rear side so as to brake the shaft directly, thus increasing dimensions of the electric motor 1 and taking much space.
The objective of the invention is to offer a front brake of an electric motor, having mechanical structure and connected with an output spindle at the front end of an electric motor, diminishing the dimensions of an electric motor and saving cost and also having no problem involving circuit and electric source in maintenance.
Besides, the electromagnetic brake 2 of the conventional electric motor 1 is supplied with direct current for carrying out operation, but for the present almost all the factories and families are supplied with alternating current for use; therefore the electromagnetic brake 2 has to be additionally provided inside with a rectifier to convert alternating current into direct current and a control circuit, thus complicating its structure and increasing cost.

1F., No. 166, Sec. 3, Tianjin Rd., Beitun District


Exemplary embodiments of the present invention relate to an output waveform synthesizer using phase interpolators and an on-chip eye opening monitoring (EOM) circuit for a low-power transmitter. In order to achieve both small area and low-power consumption in the transmitter design, a single-stage multiphase multiplexer operating in subrate is employed. The multiphase multiplexer is composed of parallelized open-drain NAND gates. In subrate transmitter architecture, the phase mismatch among multiphase clock signals degrades jitter performance significantly and is a critical bottleneck for its widespread use despite low power consumption. In order to overcome such mismatch problem, an area-and-power-efficient phase interpolator based waveform synthesizing scheme is developed.

1. Field of the Invention
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention relate to an output waveform synthesizer using phase interpolators and an on-chip eye opening monitoring (EOM) circuit for a low-power transmitter.
2. Discussion of the Background
FIG. 1 shows a simplified circuit schematic diagram of a conventional multiphase multiplexer, and FIG. 2 shows a simplified timing diagram of a conventional multiphase multiplexer. The outputs are evaluated when two neighboring clock phases overlap. However, the deterministic jitter (DJ) caused by phase mismatch dominates the overall jitter performance of a multiphase multiplexer. FIG. 3 show an output eye diagram with phase mismatch and duty cycle distortion. The DJ shown in FIG. 3 eventually degrades the timing margin at the receiver. The phase mismatch is caused by inherent device mismatch and capacitance mismatch in a layout. The output eye diagram shows a result of Monte-Carlo simulation as probability distributions of a process parameter for each of two hundred samples and shows different eye diagrams for the probability distributions are caused by the phase mismatch or the duty cycle variation.

Phase interpolator based output waveform synthesizer for low-power broadband transmitter


Described herein is a framework for vehicle-to-vehicle communication. In accordance with one aspect, a send message to a receiving driver of a receiving vehicle is generated from a sending end-user device in response to a user event from a sending driver. The send message may be generated to include an image of the receiving vehicle of the receiving driver, and a voice message created by the sending driver. The send message may be sent to a server using the sending end-user device. The send message may further be processed by the server, in which the processing may include identifying the receiving vehicle, searching to find information of a receiving end-user device, and sending the send message to the receiving end-user device if information of the receiving end-user device is found.

Vehicles are and will continue to be an essential component of our daily lives. Society relies on vehicles to provide transportation. As the roads are full of vehicles, driver actions, such as driver etiquette, may impact other drivers. The impact may be negative. For example, a driver may be driving inappropriately, such as speeding and weaving in and out of lanes, creating hazardous driving conditions. In other cases, the driver may forget to turn on the automotive lights of his or her vehicle at night. Such driver actions may negatively impact road safety. Providing feedback to drivers regarding their actions and impact in real time may improve road safety or safer driving conditions. For example, a driver may, after receiving feedback from another driver, correct the negative conditions. However, currently, inter-driver communication on the road is limited. For example, inter-driver communication currently may include flashing lights, gesticulations, as well as honking to get driver attention. Such limited techniques for inter-driver communications may not be adequate.
From the foregoing discussion, it is desirable to provide an App to facilitate vehicle-to-vehicle communication.

Application for vehicle-to-vehicle communication


An ignition coil is provided. The ignition coil comprises a casing, a plurality of pins and a bobbin. The pins are disposed inside the casing. The bobbin, having a plurality of first terminals corresponding to the pins respectively, is disposed inside the casing. Each of the first terminals is provided with a ring-shaped portion in contact with the corresponding pin. Hence, resin, filled in the ignition coil, is prevented from leaking out of the casing.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to an ignition coil; in particular, the invention relates to an ignition coil that can prevent filled resin from leaking.
2. Description of the Related Art
An ignition coil ignites combustible gas by high voltage. Referring to FIG. 1a, a conventional ignition coil 10 comprises a casing 20, a bobbin 30, a primary coil (not shown), at least one secondary coil (not shown), a circuit (not shown) and a bar core 70. The casing 20 is made of plastic.
The bobbin 30 is disposed inside the casing 20, as shown in FIG. 1a. The bobbin 30 is provided with a primary portion 50 and two secondary portions 60. The primary portion 50 separates the secondary portions 60 by partitions. The primary portion 50 is provided with two terminals 51. Each of the secondary portions 60 is provided with two pins 62.
The primary coil surrounds the primary portion 50 and is electrically connected to the terminals 51. One end of the secondary coil attaches to one of the pins 62, and the other end of the secondary coil attaches to the other pin 62 by solder.
The bar core 70 penetrates the bobbin 30 to provide a magnetic route. The circuit converts a DC voltage to a triggering-voltage signal. The triggering-voltage signal inputs to the primary coil. By the voltage conversion of the primary coil and the secondary coil, the D.C. voltage is converted to a high voltage. The high voltage ignites the combustible gas through the pins 62 in a tip-discharging manner.
The casing 20 is filled with a resin such as an epoxy resin so as to prevent high voltage, as generated by the coil portion, from leaking out of the casing 20 and a dielectric breakdown from being caused in the ignition coil by the high voltage.
FIG. 1b is an enlarged view of the pins 62 in FIG. 1a. During assembly, the pins 62 must pass through holes 25, formed in the casing 20, to expose their tips. As a result, the filled resin can leak out of the casing 20 through the holes 25. Accordingly, a design in which the diameter of the hole 25 is smaller than the diameter of the pin 62 is provided. However, in such design, the wire (not shown), attached to the pin 62, is easily broken when the pin 62 passes through the hole 25, is because the size of the pin 62 is bigger than that of the hole 25 so that the pin 62 is easily squeezed out of the hole and then the wire is twitched by the squeezed pin 62.
Therefore, it is desirable to develop an ignition coil that can prevent the attached wire from breaking and prevent filled resin from leaking while assembling.
In order to address the disadvantages of the aforementioned ignition coil, the invention provides an ignition coil that can prevent filled resin from leaking.
Another purpose of this invention is to provide an ignition coil that can prevent the attached wire from breaking.
Accordingly, the ignition coil of this invention comprises a casing, a plurality of pins and a bobbin. The pins are disposed inside the casing. The bobbin, having a plurality of terminals corresponding to the pins respectively, is disposed inside the casing. Each of the terminals is provided with a ring-shaped portion in contact with the corresponding pin.
Furthermore, each of the ring-shaped portions surrounds the corresponding pin so as to be in contact with the corresponding pin.
Furthermore, each of the terminals is provided with a protruding portion. The bobbin is provided with a primary portion and at least one secondary portion, and the terminals are formed on the secondary portion. The primary portion is provided with another two terminals.
Furthermore, the ignition coil comprises a core disposed inside the bobbin. The casing is made of plastic, and each of the pins is made of metal.


Responsive to a request to invoke a given virtual machine (VM) instance, a base VM instance corresponding to a number of VM instances, including the given VM instance, is retrieved. A VM change file particular to just the given VM instance is also retrieved. The VM change file indicates how the given VM instance varies from the base VM instance. The VM change file is applied to the base VM instance to dynamically generate the given VM instance, and the given VM instance is then invoked. Responsive to a request to subsequently shutdown the given VM instance, the VM change file is updated to reflect how the given VM instance varies from the base VM instance. The given VM instance is then shutdown and deleted.

A computing device typically runs one instance of an operating system that has access to the hardware resources of the computing device. However, a technique known as virtualization permits a number of instances of operating systems to run on a computing device. In virtualization, a number of such virtual machines (VMs) are instantiated, and each VM runs its own instance of an operating system.

Dynamic generation of VM instance at time of invocation

International Business Machines Corporation


A screen printing system and method is provided in accordance with the invention by using a circular base, a screen, an article to be printed and ink. The circular base has a planar top face. The circular base supports the article to be printed, such as an item of clothing made from cloth. The screen is held in a planar position by a rigid frame. The plane of the screen is positioned above and parallel to the plane of the top face of the circular base. The circular base has a side face with a groove therein which is adapted to hold a resilient flexible annular member. The resilient flexible annular member evenly holds the article to be printed to the circular base so that no wrinkles are allowed to remain in the article to be printed. If wrinkles were allowed to remain in the article to be printed then the pattern of the design to be printed would be distorted on the printed article. The screen includes a fine mesh cloth of fibrous material, such as, silk or nylon or similar filament. The holes in the screen are selectively filled by well known procedures to leave unfilled holes in the pattern of the design to be printed on the article to be printed. Ink is then passed through the screen onto the article to be printed to form a printed article. The ink on the printed article is then dried.

The invention relates to a screen printing system and method. In particular, the invention provides an improved screen printing system and method. The improvements of the invention each taken alone or in combination add to resolve the distortion problems of prior art systems and methods for screen printing, and particularly when printing a thick or multiple layered article such as a jacket, for example.


The invention is directed to a magnetic write head configured for writing to a magnetic medium, such as, a magnetic tape along a longitudinal direction x. The magnetic write head includes a trailing pole with a first face of height r1; a leading pole with a second face, each of the first face and second face being arranged to face the magnetic medium in operation; and a magnetic gap of height g between the trailing pole and the leading pole. The height r1 and the height g are such that r1≦1.0 g and each of the height g and the height r1 is measured parallel to said longitudinal direction x.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to the field of magnetic write heads for writing a magnetic medium such as a magnetic tape, apparatuses, for example, magnetic tape devices, equipped with such heads, and methods of operation thereof.
2. Description of Related Art
The usable width of a data track in magnetic storage depends on the degree of fidelity with which the ideal transition shape (e.g., a straight line segment) can be imprinted through the volume of the media. Writing of magnetic data is typically achieved by fringing fields arising in the vicinity of the poles of a gapped, "ring"-shaped electromagnet. Because the fringing fields inherently produce finite field distortions at the lateral edges of the poles, the edges of the imprinted transitions are distorted. This results in a "dead" band of finite width at the edge of the written track in which the media is insufficiently uniformly magnetized to contribute to read back signal amplitude.
As track widths tend to decrease in tape products to meet higher areal density requirements, it can be realized that the proportion of the "dead" written track increases. This implies a less efficient use of available media area. This also results in a lower limit of useable media area, unless the width of the "dead" band can be scaled down (at least) at the same rate as the width of the track. Currently, at the level of the technology employed in products, the better known type of distortion is the finite decay length of the write field (and resulting magnetization of the media) in the lateral direction. Often, this effect extends beyond the edges of the write poles, thus impacting the effective track width by over-writing the adjacent track. To date, the acknowledged means of limiting this lateral distortion are to decrease the width of the write gap and to ensure that the edges of the two write poles are well aligned in the cross-track direction. In practice the later can be achieved by the use of "notching" in fabrication, see e.g. U.S. Pat. No. 5,949,625.
As the tape industry moves towards media having smaller magnetic particles with perpendicular orientation, scaled-down tracks, and shorter average bit lengths, other types of distortion become important, notably those that affect the shape of the written-in transition line as opposed to those involving finite abruptness at the lateral edges. One such distortion manifests as a curvature of the transition line immediately track-inwards of the physical edges of the poles ("coma" shape). When this curvature deviates from the ideal straight line, the read back signal amplitude at the track edge is degraded, leading to a loss in signal to noise ratio and hence in a degradation of system performance (as opposed to a reduction in width of the neighboring track).
Moreover, in order to continue scaling tape drive systems to higher areal densities and capacities, it is important to find methods that result in an improved write quality and hence to an improved signal to noise ratio (SNR) of the readback signal. This can be achieved by writing more abrupt transitions, characterized by a small value of the so called transition parameter "a". This improved SNR can then be used to increase either or both the linear density or the track density.

Magnetic write head with structured trailing pole


The present invention provides a method for selecting a suitable hair-style in conformity with individual personalities and face contours, adopting required request of a selector, and at the same time this invention provides an image map for the hair-style where various hair-style are arranged on an axis of co-ordinates according to images. Two lines, namely an inner line which constitutes a boundary line between a face and an inside of hairs and also an outer line which constitutes an outside of the hairs, are developed, and by making the most of these two lines, the selection of the hair-style can be attained in satisfactory manners.

In the past, women's selections of their hair-styles have been decided by their individual preferences, images of their faces, fashions, and professional advice issued by a beautician based on her experience, knowledge and senses. However, the selected hair-style may not always be suitable for the woman. When a woman changes her hair-style, she may look as if she were a stranger. Thus, a change in hair-style results in image change. In women's journals and magazines, articles which show suitable hair-styles for different looks are often published, for which some great concern among ladies is paid thereupon. These kinds of published articles, however, mainly offer general information concerning the face model and hair quality, and they do not offer individual or personal information for any particular woman such as features of her own face including her eyes, nose, and mouth. All of these data are of great importance to a choice of the hair-style. Accordingly, it is very difficult for each person to decide in theory whether the selected hair-style is really suitable or not.

Method for selecting suitable hair-style and image-map for hair-style


A container crane assembly is operable to lift shipping containers for transfer between a dock and a ship transporting the containers. Typically, the container crane includes a hoist attachment which engages the shipping container. A fissile or radioactive material detection device may be mounted to the hoist attachment such that as the shipping container is being engaged, the detection device is brought into proximity to the container so that the presence of fissile or radioactive material, or shielding materials to conceal the presence of such fissile or radioactive materials, may be detected prior to the shipping container being loaded onto or unloaded from a shipping vessel. A comparison may then be made of the output of the detector to a threshold to determine subsequent action regarding the shipping container.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention is directed to the detection of fissile or radioactive material or to shielding material to conceal such fissile or radioactive material, and more particularly to a container crane having thereon one or more detectors to detect the presence of such fissile or radioactive or shielding materials.
2. Background of the Art
On Sep. 11, 2001, the United States was attacked by a terrorist network named al Qaeda. The al Qaeda terrorists hijacked four commercial airliners to launch a massive attack. The terrorists flew a hijacked airliner into each of the two towers of the World Trade Center in New York City and one into the Pentagon in Washington, D.C., the military headquarters of our country. The efforts of courageous airline passengers and crew foiled the attempt to fly the fourth hijacked airliner into an additional target, most likely in the Washington, D.C. area, by causing it to crash into the Pennsylvania countryside. In all, over 3,000 people were killed on American soil on the morning of Sep. 11, 2001.
The September 11 attacks were a wake-up call for America. Americans suddenly realized that our free and open society was vulnerable to terrorist attack in many ways. Everywhere, Americans saw vulnerabilities, especially to xe2x80x9cweapons of mass destructionxe2x80x9d such as nuclear weapons. A nuclear weapon is a device, such as a bomb or warhead, whose great explosive power derives from the release of nuclear energy. Nuclear weapons include so-called xe2x80x9cdirty bombs.xe2x80x9d A dirty bomb is a conventional explosive device packed with radioactive material to spread radioactive contamination that causes sickness in human beings. Radiation sickness is illness induced by exposure to ionizing radiation, ranging in severity from nausea, vomiting, headache, and diarrhea to loss of hair and teeth, reduction in red and white blood cell counts, extensive hemorrhaging, sterility, and death.
Vulnerability to harm from nuclear weapons caused by terrorists requires that the nuclear weapon be delivered to and detonated in the target area. For example, a nuclear weapon can be delivered and detonated on American soil by bringing the weapon into the country by stealth. One way of bringing a nuclear weapon into the country by stealth is to hide it in one of the tens of thousands of shipping containers that are brought into the United States every day.
It is a purpose of this invention to prevent the transportation of nuclear weapons by stealth in shipping containers into and out of ports anywhere in the world, in general, and into and out of ports in the United States, in particular. It is also a purpose of this invention to prevent nuclear weapons from being imported into the United States by stealth in shipping containers that are (1) loaded in foreign ports; (2) transported to the United States by ships, including huge ocean-going container ships that carry upwards of 4,000 twenty-foot-equivalent (xe2x80x9cTEUsxe2x80x9d) shipping containers; and, (3) unloaded in, or brought into close proximity to, ports or population centers in the United States. Using this invention, terrorists can be prevented from attacking the United States, or any other nation or population, with nuclear weapons brought into proximity to population centers by stealth in a shipping container.
a. Detection Systems
It is known in the art of nuclear weapon detection technology that nuclear weapons which use uranium emit detectable gamma rays. Given the periodic table symbol xe2x80x9cU,xe2x80x9d uranium is a heavy silvery-white metallic element, radioactive and toxic, easily oxidized, and having 14 known isotopes of which U 238 is the most abundant in nature. The element occurs in several minerals, including uraninite and carnotite, from which it is extracted and processed for use. It has an atomic number 92; atomic weight 238.03; melting point 1,132xc2x0 C.; boiling point 3,818xc2x0 C.; specific gravity 18.95; valence 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Uranium is enriched in a process whereby the amount of one or more radioactive isotopes in the material is increased.
It is known in the art of nuclear weapon detection technology that nuclear weapons which use plutonium emit detectable gamma rays and detectable neutrons. Given the periodic table symbol xe2x80x9cPu,xe2x80x9d plutonium is a naturally radioactive, silvery, metallic transuranic element, occurring in uranium ores and produced artificially by neutron bombardment of uranium. Its longest-lived isotope is Pu 244 with a half-life of 76 million years. It is a radiological poison, specifically absorbed by bone marrow, and is used, especially the highly fissionable isotope Pu 239, as a reactor fuel and in nuclear weapons. It has an atomic number 94; melting point 640xc2x0 C.; boiling point 3,235xc2x0 C.; specific gravity 19.84; valence 3, 4, 5, 6.
Since the 1911 work of Hans Geiger, it has been know that devices can detect the presence of ionizing radiation. Named the Geiger-Mxc3xcller counter, an improved version of the device detects alpha particles, electrons and ionizing electromagnetic photons. Modernly, plastic scintillation is used to detect both gamma and neutron radiation. For example, Canberra Industries, Inc. of Meriden, Conn. (www.canberra.com) manufactures and markets monitors that use scintillation detectors designed for the radiological control of pedestrian vehicles, trucks and rail cars. There are other devices commercially available that can be used to detect radiation, including those that use both scintillating and non-scintillating materials. In this description and the appended claims, all of these devices will be referred to as xe2x80x9cfissile or radioactive material detection device(s).xe2x80x9d
It is known in the art of nuclear weapon detection technology that the presence of uranium or plutonium based nuclear weapons can be concealed by covering the weapon with radiation shielding material such as lead. Given the periodic table symbol xe2x80x9cPb,xe2x80x9d lead is a soft, malleable, ductile, bluish-white, dense metallic element, extracted chiefly from galena and used in containers and pipes for corrosives, solder and type metal, bullets, radiation shielding, paints, and antiknock compounds. It has an atomic number 82; atomic weight 207.2; melting point 327.5xc2x0 C.; boiling point 1,744xc2x0 C.; specific gravity 11.35; valence 2, 4. A nuclear weapon could be placed in a shipping container and then covered with a layer of radiation shielding material, typically lead of one to two inches or more in thickness. In this way, the fissile or radioactive material detection device or devices of the shipping container crane of the present invention may not be capable of identifying the presence of the nuclear weapon. Thus, radiation shielding material can be used to deliver and detonate a nuclear weapon on American soil by bringing the weapon into the country by stealth in a shipping container.
Other shielding materials are also known in the art. For example, high density concrete is typically used to contain radioactive emission in structures. The thickness of high density concrete to shield a nuclear weapon placed in a shipping container could be in the same order of magnitude as the thickness of lead required in the above example.
There are two major limitations on the use of radiation shielding material to shield the radiation emanating from a nuclear device hidden in a shipping container: (1) the ability of an x-ray or other detection system to detect the presence of an amount of radiation shielding material necessary to shield the radiation emanating from the nuclear device; and, (2) the maximum amount of weight of the shipping container permitted by various state and federal regulations in the United States in order that the container be truly intermodal (the so-called xe2x80x9cover-the-roadxe2x80x9d weight limitation). First, x-ray or other detection system inspection of shipping containers to attempt to discern the presence of radiation shielding material is well known in the art. For example, some of these inspection systems typically produce a transmission image by the measurement of the intensity distribution of the x-rays that transverse the shipping container. Thus, radiation shielding material used to cover a nuclear weapon can be detected by the use of such x-ray or other detection systems. In this description and the appended claims, all of these devices will be referred to as xe2x80x9cradiation shielding detection device(s).xe2x80x9d
Second, the general xe2x80x9cover-the roadxe2x80x9d weight limitation for North America is a gross weight per vehicle (tractor, chassis, container and cargo) of 80,000 lbs. or 36,288 kgs. for a forty-foot or forty-five-foot container and 68,000 lbs. or 30,845 kgs. for a twenty-foot container. Thus, there is a limit to the amount of heavy, radiation shielding material that can be loaded in a shipping container without attracting attention. A large amount of radiation shielding material used to cover a nuclear weapon can exceed the over-the-road weight limitation for the cargo. Where the combined weight of the nuclear weapon and the radiation shielding material (which covers the nuclear weapon) exceed these weight limitations, there is a high probability that the container will either be physically inspected (i.e., opened, entered and viewed by a person) or refused carriage.
b. Shipping Containers Systems Or Containerization
Since the late 1960""s, the use of shipping containers for ocean-going transportation or containerization has been prevalent. The shipping container has significant advantages over the old, so-called xe2x80x9cbreak bulkxe2x80x9d system of lashing and shoring of cargo in the cargo holds of xe2x80x9ctween deckxe2x80x9d vessels or any other type of break bulk system, e.g., LASH barges. Containerization makes intermodal transportation a reality. Once cargo is loaded into a container at its origin (usually by its manufacturer or seller), containerization makes possible the transportation of the container by truck, rail and ship, over land and sea, to its destination without disturbing its contents. Containerization creates greater speed of transportation while, at the same time, less expensive handling, damage and theft.
As with all ocean going freight systems, in containerization, the port or ports of loading and unloading (embarkation and disembarkation) constitute major bottlenecks. At the load port, the full container is taken into the container yard. There, its alphanumeric identification number is recorded for tracking and location purposes. At or before this time, the cargo in the container is recorded for inclusion on the ship""s manifest (the xe2x80x9cmanifestxe2x80x9d). The full container is then stored, usually in an open yard, to await loading aboard the containership. During this period of storage, the full container can be inspected. However, inspection in the container yard requires that an additional step or function take place, namely, additional handling by additional personnel.
Similarly, at the load port, the partially loaded container is taken into the container yard. There, its alphanumeric identification number is recorded for tracking and location purposes. Prior to storage in the container yard, the cargo in the partially loaded container may be consolidated either in the same container or in another container with other cargo. At or before this time, the cargo in the container is recorded for inclusion on the manifest. Thereafter, the container is stored in the container yard to await loading aboard the containership. Similarly, during this period of storage, the container can be inspected. However, once again, inspection in the container yard requires that an additional step or function take place, namely, additional handling by additional personnel.
Tens of thousands of containers are loaded and unloaded in the ports of the world every day. However, only a very small percentage of these containers is inspected. It is said that of the some 21,000 containers unloaded in the ports of the United States every day, less than 3% are inspected. This situation represents a major vulnerability to terrorism and other unlawful conduct due to the possibility of concealment of nuclear weapons. Accordingly, a need exists in the art to mitigate the possibility of an attack on the United States, or any other nation or population, with nuclear weapons brought into proximity to population centers by stealth in a shipping container.
According to the present invention, either or both a fissile or radioactive material detection device and a radiation shielding detection device is placed on the container crane that is used to load and unload a container ship. These container cranes are usually located on the shoreside or top wharfage of the container yard where containers are loaded and unloaded. Sometimes, there are container cranes located aboard the containership itself. All of these container cranes utilize a device known as a spreader, yoke or grabber, but more particularly described as a hoist attachment. In this description and the appended claims, the words xe2x80x9cspreader,xe2x80x9d xe2x80x9cyoke,xe2x80x9d xe2x80x9cgrabberxe2x80x9d and xe2x80x9choist attachmentxe2x80x9d are synonymous and refer to that part of the container crane used to load and unload container ships that is physically attached to the hoist mechanism and, during loading and unloading operations, also physically attached to the container. The hoist attachment is attached to the container by virtue of male pieces, sometimes called xe2x80x9ctwist locks,xe2x80x9d on the hoist attachment and female pieces at the comers of the container, sometimes called xe2x80x9ccomer castings.xe2x80x9d
A shoreside container crane sits on the top wharfage in an xe2x80x9cAxe2x80x9d frame or rectangular box frame structure. The crane has four stanchions or vertical supports that are usually on rails. The crane travels fore and aft on the top wharfage alongside the ship in order to load or unload containers from any hold or longitudinal section of the ship. The crane also has a horizontal boom-like girder held in place by suspension cables. Typically, girders extend and retract on a hinge or they may telescope (slide inward and outward in overlapping sections). In a loading operation, traveling to and fro along the girder by virtue of a carriage or trolley, the hoist mechanism and hoist attachment extend out from the top wharfage over the ship.
The hoist attachment is a rectangularly shaped structure consisting of steel beams with male pieces or xe2x80x9ctwist locksxe2x80x9d at the four comers. The male pieces lock into the comer casting female pieces located at the comers of a container. The hoist attachment is the interface between the hoist mechanism of the container crane and the container. During loading or unloading, the hoist attachment is physically attached to the hoist mechanism and the container. It is the only part of the container crane that touches the container. The hoist attachment can retract or expand to accommodate twenty-foot, forty-foot or forty-five-foot containers. In this description and the appended claims, the words xe2x80x9cspreader,xe2x80x9d xe2x80x9cyoke,xe2x80x9d xe2x80x9cgrabberxe2x80x9d and xe2x80x9choist attachmentxe2x80x9d are synonymous.
For example, during loading, the hoist attachment is attached to a container. The hoist mechanism then shifts the hoist attachment and attached container upwardly from the top wharfage or from vehicles on the top wharfage or from an interim stage located on the container crane itself. Once at the desired height above the side of the ship to be loaded, the hoist mechanism and hoist attachment with attached container travel outwardly athwartships (across the ship from side to side) and stop above the appropriate container cell on the ship. The hoist mechanism then lowers the hoist attachment with attached container into the hold or onto the deck of the ship to the designated location for the particular container. Once the container is in place, the hoist attachment separates from the container and is lifted upwardly by the hoist mechanism whence it is returned to a location above the top wharfage to load another container. During unloading, the reverse occurs: the hoist mechanism lifts the hoist attachment and attached container out of the hold or off the deck of the ship and places the container on the top wharfage, a vehicle on the top wharfage or an interim stage located on the container crane itself.
For so-called xe2x80x9cself contained shipsxe2x80x9d or ships equipped with their own container crane or cranes, the structures and operations are similar. The shipboard crane sits on the ship""s deck as a rectangular box frame structure. The crane has four stanchions or vertical supports that are connected by beams, straddle the ship""s holds and are usually on rails. The crane travels fore and aft on the ship""s deck in order to load or unload containers from any hold or deck section of the ship. The crane also has a horizontal boom-like girder. The girder telescopes (slides inward or outward in overlapping sections) and extends and retracts. In a loading operation, traveling to and fro along the girder, the hoist mechanism and hoist attachment extend out from the ship over the top wharfage. The hoist mechanism lowers the hoist attachment which then attaches to the container. Once, attached, the hoist mechanism lifts the hoist attachment and attached container upwardly to an appropriate height over the side of the ship, travels inwardly athwartships (across the ship from side to side) and stops above the appropriate container cell or deck location on the ship. The hoist mechanism then lowers the hoist attachment and attached container into the hold or on to the deck of the ship to the designated location for the particular container.
The structures and functions described above for shoreside and shipboard cranes exist and occur identically when the water vehicle is a barge rather than a ship. In this description and the appended claims, the words xe2x80x9ccontainer cranexe2x80x9d mean a container crane whether operated on shore or aboard a waterborne vehicle (a ship or a barge).
There are some shore side container cranes that load the container in more than one stage. In a two stage container crane, there are additional, rearward (the part of the crane that is the farthest from the ship) stanchions. These stanchions create an additional hoisting area at the rear of the crane (the part of the crane that is farthest from the ship). In the additional hoisting area, an additional hoist mechanism and hoist attachment are employed. The additional hoist mechanism and hoist attachment lift the container to a platform located on the container crane itself. Thereafter, the hoist mechanism and hoist attachment at the front of the crane (the part of the crane that is closest to the ship) take the container from this platform and load it aboard the ship in the manner previously described. There are also container cranes that handle more than one container at a time. In this description and the appended claims, the words xe2x80x9ccontainer cranexe2x80x9d mean a container crane whether it has an additional hoisting area, hoist mechanism or hoist attachment or handles more than one container at a time.
It is the invention of the systems and methods described herein to make and use container cranes of which fissile or radioactive material detection devices and/or radiation shielding detection devices are a part. The fissile or radioactive material and radiation shielding detection devices located on the container crane (preferably on the hoist attachment) will inspect the container just before, during or just after the time that the hoist attachment of the container crane is attached to the container and while loading or unloading the ship. The fissile or radioactive material detection devices and radiation shielding detection devices may further be equipped with a microprocessor which will receive, process (e.g., compare) and communicate a record of the levels of radiation or extent of radiation shielding material present in the container.
With this system and method, a shipping or stevedoring company can check the level of radiation or radiation shielding material present in virtually every container that the company loads onto or unloads from virtually every ship or barge it operates or stevedores. After the microprocessor records the levels of radiation or extent of radiation shielding material present in the container, this information can be communicated (on a wire or wirelessly) to the operator of the crane, the operations office in the container yard and, through a computer at the dockside, to the headquarter office of the company or any governmental agency or authority. Among other things, the shipping or stevedoring company can use the information about the levels of radiation or extent of radiation shielding material present in the container to decide whether the particular container should continue to be loaded or unloaded or, rather, should be subject to further detection techniques, including physical inspection.

Container crane radiation detection systems and methods


An electric-brake controller includes an antilock controller configured to control a pressing force of an electric brake. The electric brake includes a pressing member that is advanced by rotation of an electric motor in a forward direction to press a friction member against a brake rotation member. The electric brake includes a return spring that applies a spring force such that the pressing member is moved away from the brake rotation member. The antilock controller includes a pressing-force reducer that reduces the pressing force. The pressing-force reducer includes: a reverse-rotation-current supplier that supplies reverse-rotation current for rotating the electric motor in a reverse direction for a reverse-rotation-current supply time; and a forward-rotation-current supplier that supplies forward-rotation current, for rotating the electric motor in the forward direction, to the electric motor after the reverse-rotation current is supplied for the reverse-rotation-current supply time.

The following disclosure relates to an electric-brake controller configured to control an electric brake activated by an electric motor and to a vehicle brake system including the electric-brake controller.
Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2005-247306) discloses an electric-brake controller configured to control an electric brake. In the electric brake disclosed in Patent Document 1, rotation of the electric motor in a forward direction advances the pressing member, and a pair of friction pads are pressed against a rotor, resulting in reduced rotation of a wheel. The electric brake is provided with a return spring configured to apply a spring force to the pressing member so as to move the pressing member backward.
In the case where anti-lock control is executed by an electric-brake controller disclosed in Patent Document 1, a sharp reduction mode is set in the case where deviation obtained by subtracting an actual slip rate from a target slip rate is less than −e1, a gentle reduction mode is set in the case where the deviation has become greater than −e2(−e1 <−e2), and a sharp increase mode is set in the case where the deviation has become greater than −e3(−e3 >−e2). In the case where each of the sharp reduction mode and the gentle reduction mode is set, current for rotating the electric motor reversely is supplied to the electric motor. In the case where the sharp increase mode is set, current for rotating the electric motor forwardly is supplied to the electric motor.

Electric-brake controller and vehicle brake system


The present disclosure relates to the field of optical lenses and provides a camera optical lens. The camera optical lens includes, from an object side to an image side: an aperture; a first lens having a positive refractive power; a second lens having a negative refractive power; a third lens having a positive refractive power; a fourth lens having a positive refractive power; and a fifth lens having a negative refractive power. The camera optical lens satisfies following conditions: 0.80≤f1/f≤0.90; 70.00≤f3/f≤120.00; and −450.00≤(R5+R6)/(R5−R6)≤−430.00, where f denotes a focal length of the camera optical lens; f1 denotes a focal length of the first lens; f3 denotes a focal length of the third lens; R5 denotes a curvature radius of an object side surface of the third lens; and R6 denotes a curvature radius of an image side surface of the third lens.

With the emergence of smart phones in recent years, the demand for miniature camera lens is increasing day by day, but in general the photosensitive devices of camera lens are nothing more than Charge Coupled Device (CCD) or Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Sensor (CMOS sensor), and as the progress of the semiconductor manufacturing technology makes the pixel size of the photosensitive devices become smaller, plus the current development trend of electronic products towards better functions and thinner and smaller dimensions, miniature camera lenses with good imaging quality therefore have become a mainstream in the market.
In order to obtain better imaging quality, the lens that is traditionally equipped in mobile phone cameras adopts a three-piece or four-piece lens structure. Also, with the development of technology and the increase of the diverse demands of users, and as the pixel area of photosensitive devices is becoming smaller and smaller and the requirement of the system on the imaging quality is improving constantly, a five-piece lens structure gradually appears in lens designs. Although the common five-piece lens has good optical performance, its settings on refractive power, lens spacing and lens shape still have some irrationality, which results in that the lens structure cannot achieve a high optical performance while satisfying design requirements for wide-angle and ultra-thin lenses having a big aperture.


A display device (100) has a plurality of display elements (101) arranged in a display plane for rendering a three-dimensional image in accordance with image data (330). Each display element has a pixel (120) and an actuator (130) for moving the pixel normal to the display plane. The actuator of each display element is operable, in response to receiving a position value for the pixel, to move the pixel normal to the display plane in accordance with the position value.

Various devices exist for the generation of three dimensional ("3D") images, commonly relying on the provision of different images to each eye of a user to create the illusion of depth through the stereoscopic effect. For example, different images can be directly provided to each eye, as in virtual reality headset devices.
Alternatively, different components of a single input image can be separated before they reach the user's eyes. This can be achieved in a multitude of different ways, such as polarized glasses, anaglyph glasses, etc. as known in the art.
Other devices exist which are capable of generating 3D images without requiring a viewer of the images to wear a headset. These such devices usually include one or more special panels and have a limited viewing area from which the 3D effect is viewable. It may therefore be difficult or even impossible to generate, with such devices, an image having a satisfactory 3D effect for multiple users simultaneously.

Display device and method for rendering a three-dimensional image

Vestel Elektronik Sanayi ve Ticaret A.S.


A micromechanical sensor and a method for manufacturing a micromechanical sensor which has at least one membrane are provided. The membrane is made of a first material which is accommodated in a surrounding second material, and the membrane is configured for sensing a medium surrounding it. The membrane is reinforced, at least partly, by a third material at break-sensitive points on the membrane rim. Reinforcement of the membrane rim increases the stability and thus also the service life of the membrane and the sensor.

The manufacture of membrane sensors is carried out by depositing the membrane materials, made of silicon oxide, silicon nitride, polysilicon, or metals, for example, on a silicon wafer and subsequent local wet or dry chemical etching of the silicon from the backside up to the membrane. For reducing the heat conduction into the substrate, these sensors frequently have a very thin membrane.
Such a sensor is described in published German patent document DE 42 15 722, for example, in which the membrane is provided with an elastic enclosure for reducing the sensitivity toward the occurring notch tensions on the membrane mounting and for improving the pressure sensitivity. The elastic enclosure is attached opposite the side of the membrane on which the measuring elements are situated and where the medium to be measured flows past.
In these types of sensors having direct media contact, such as the above-mentioned mass air flow sensor, air pressure sensor, or air quality sensor, the membrane, having a thickness in the micrometer range and lateral dimensions from a few 100 micrometers to several millimeters, is directly exposed to the flowing medium, e.g., air. The particles such as dust, contained in the media despite the use of filters, may thus cause damage to the membrane due to the direct bombardment of the membrane with the particles at relatively high flow speeds. Likewise, unfavorable pressure conditions may result in the fact that the membrane of an air pressure sensor experiences too great a deflection. It has been found that, due to the cases indicated, the membrane is susceptible to damage mainly at the break-sensitive membrane rim. Damage to the membrane may range from impairment of the measuring sensitivity to total failure due to the sensor's destruction.
The stability of the membranes against particle bombardment is determined via the statistical service life in an air flow having a defined dust quantity. An increase in stability could be achieved by increasing the membrane thickness and/or by lowering the pre-stressing of the membrane; an increase in the thickness, however, results in an increase in heat conductivity and thus in a deterioration of the characteristic curve. As a rule, pre-stressing cannot be sufficiently lowered since, to prevent bulging, the membrane must remain in the tensile stress range under all operating conditions.
The membrane thickness in air pressure sensors may also be varied only to a certain degree since thickening of the membrane involves the displacement of the measurable pressure range.
German patent document DE 102 10 335 describes a membrane sensor whose membrane is situated in a mounting on the sensor housing. In addition to this mounting, the sensor has an additional layer on the membrane rim with which the stability of the membrane against impacting particles is increased.


A new and distinct cultivar of Petunia plant named xe2x80x98USTUNI76xe2x80x99, characterized by its semi-upright to cascading plant habit; freely branching habit; numerous single flowers that are light pink in color; and good garden performance.

Botanical classification/cultivar designation: Petuniaxc3x97hybrida cultivar USTUNI76.
The present Invention relates to a new and distinct cultivar of Petunia plant, botanically known as Petuniaxc3x97hybrida, and hereinafter referred to by the cultivar name USTUNI76.
The new Petunia is a product of a planned breeding program conducted by the Inventor in Hikone, Shiga, Japan. The objective of the breeding program is to create new disease-resistant and heat-tolerant Petunias with semi-upright plant habit and attractive flower colors.
The new Petunia originated from a cross-pollination made by the Inventor on May 6, 1998 of the Petunia cultivar Fantasy Pink Morn, not patented, as the female, or seed parent, with an unnamed selection of Petunia, not patented, as the male, or pollen parent. The new Petunia was selected as a single plant from the resulting progeny on Jun. 15, 1999 in Gensingen, Germany, on the basis of its plant habit and attractive flower coloration.
Asexual reproduction of the new cultivar by terminal vegetative cuttings since Jun. 25, 1999, taken in Gensingen, Germany has shown that the unique features of this new Petunia are stable and reproduced true to type in successive generations.
Plants of the cultivar USTUNI76 have not been observed under all possible environmental conditions. The phenotype may vary somewhat with variations in environment such as temperature, light intensity and daylength without, however, any variance in genotype.
The following traits have been repeatedly observed and are determined to be the unique characteristics of xe2x80x98USTUNI76xe2x80x99. These characteristics in combination distinguish xe2x80x98USTUNI76xe2x80x99 as a new and distinct cultivar:
1. Semi-upright to cascading plant habit.
2. Freely branching habit.
3. Numerous single flowers that are light pink in color.
4. Good garden performance.
In side-by-side comparisons conducted in Hikone, Shiga, Japan, plants of the new Petunia differed from plants of the female parent, the cultivar Fantasy Pink Morn, in the following characteristics:
1. Plants of the new Petunia were more cascading than and not as upright as plants of the cultivar Fantasy Pink Morn.
2. Plants of the new Petunia were more vigorous than plants of the cultivar Fantasy Pink Morn.
In side-by-side comparisons conducted in Hikone, Shiga, Japan, plants of the new Petunia differed from plants of the male parent selection primarily in flowering time as plants of the new Pentunia flowered earlier than plants of the male parent selection.
Plants of the new Petunia can be compared to plants of the cultivar Dancasoft, disclosed in U.S. Plant Pat. No. 13,383. In side-by-side comparisons conducted in Gensingen, Germany, plants of the new Petunia differed from plants of the cultivar Dancasoft in the following characteristics:
1. Plants of the new Petunia were more freely branching than plants of the cultivar Dancasoft.
2. Plants of the new Petunia had smaller flowers than plants of the cultivar Dancasoft.
3. Plants of the new Petunia were more tolerant to rain than plants of the cultivar Dancasoft.