A seatbelt apparatus that is capable of improving seatbelt wearing operability may comprise a webbing, a tongue plate moveably attached to the webbing, which are provided with a grip portion to be gripped by an occupant and an engagement portion extending from the grip portion, and a buckle that receives and releases the engagement portion of the tongue plate for engagement and disengagement. A leather cover is applied to a front surface (corresponding to the palm of the occupant's hand for gripping) of the grip portion of the tongue plate.

The present invention relates to a seatbelt apparatus equipped in a vehicle, such as an automobile for protecting an occupant therein.
A conventional seatbelt apparatus is generally formed of a webbing that restrains an occupant, a retractor that retracts one side of the webbing so as to be operated for retraction and withdrawal, a tongue plate attached to the webbing, and a buckle engaged with the tongue plate.
Conventionally, the tongue plate includes a grip portion (base portion for a plate operation) to be gripped by the occupant, and an engagement portion (tongue portion) that extends from the grip portion to be engaged with the buckle. The resin molded portion is applied to cover the surface of the grip portion, such as shown, for example, in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2001-138862 (which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety).
In the above-structured seatbelt apparatus the occupant withdraws the webbing from the retractor while gripping the grip portion of the tongue plate, and inserts the engagement portion into the buckle for wearing the seatbelt. The occupant on the seat is, thus, restrained.


A method is provided for correlating a received satellite radio-navigation signal made up of a first pilot signal modulated with a first spreading code and a second data signal modulated with a second primary spreading code of a length equal to that of the first spreading code, the second data signal being further modulated with a secondary sequence comprising a plurality of chips, the duration of a chip being equal to a multiple of the length of the second primary spreading code, the first pilot signal and the second data signal being synchronous. The correlation method comprises the following steps: first correlations, over a plurality N of periods of the first spreading code, of the radio-navigation signal with the first spreading code; the selection, out of the N first correlations, of a subset containing a number M of correlations; and the coherent integration of the M correlations of the subset.

The signal E1 of the GALILEO satellite navigation system is made up of a coherent sum of two signals. The first signal, called pilot signal, is modulated by a first spreading code and is used mainly to perform distance measurements between a satellite and a receiver of the signal in order to perform positioning computations. The second signal is a signal which conveys data. It is modulated by a second spreading code, each period of the code being associated with a symbol to be sent. A symbol is obtained by applying a binary modulation to the bit to be transmitted. The two spreading codes are different but of identical periods, for example, in the case of the signal E1, this period is equal to 4 ms.
Upon the reception of the signal, the purpose of the processing operations performed is notably to detect the start of a period of the spreading code of the pilot signal but also to demodulate the data of the second signal. For this, a correlation computation is performed between a local replica of the first spreading code with the signal. The result of the correlation is then integrated over a plurality of periods of the code (for example 25 periods) to counter the influence of the thermal noise and allow a correlation peak to be identified.
The result of the correlation is disturbed by two distinct sources of noise. Firstly, a thermal noise disturbs the signal in its transmission and affects the result of the correlation with the local code. One conventional means for countering the influence of the thermal noise consists in increasing the integration time. However, the presence of the data signal modulated with a second spreading code also disturbs the result of the correlation of the overall signal with the first spreading code because the intercorrelation between the pilot signal and the data signal is not zero. The impact of the level of intercorrelation between the two signals on the result of the correlation can be considerable in particular for the applications which require enhanced accuracy on the positioning information. Furthermore, the noise linked to the intercorrelation between the pilot signal and the data signal can become more influential than the thermal noise for high signal-to-noise ratios.
The known GNSS receivers more often than not use a high coherent integration time to counter the influence of the noise. Now, this solution does not make it possible to reduce the level of intercorrelation between the pilot signal and the data signal.

Method for correlating a received satellite radio-navigation signal and correlation device implementing the method


A method of reducing pulsations in a reciprocating compressor system, the system having nozzles between cylinders and filter bottles of the compressor system, the nozzles attaching at ports of the cylinders and filter bottles. A special insert is designed to be placed in one or more of the nozzle. The insert is generally cylindrical, but has a narrowed throat, a flared inlet end, and a flared outlet end. The insert dimensions, such as the inner diameter of the throat and the distance from the throat to the outlet end are calculated to reduce pulsations as well as provide pressure recovery.

To transport natural gas from production sites to consumers, pipeline operators install large compressors at transport stations along the pipelines. Natural gas pipeline networks connect production operations with local distribution companies through thousands of miles of gas transmission lines. Typically, reciprocating gas compressors are used as the prime mover for pipeline transport operations because of the relatively high pressure ratio required. Reciprocating gas compressors may also be used to compress gas for storage applications or in processing plant applications prior to transport.
Reciprocating gas compressors are a type of compressor that compresses gas using a piston in a cylinder connected to a crankshaft. The crankshaft may be driven by an electric motor or a combustion engine. A suction valve in the compressor cylinder receives input gas, which is then compressed by the piston and discharged through a discharge valve.
Reciprocating gas compressors inherently generate transient pulsating flows because of the piston motion and alternating valve motion. Various devices and control methods have been developed to control these pulsations. An ideal pulsation control design reduces system pulsations to acceptable levels without compromising compressor performance.

Pressure recovery insert for reciprocating gas compressor

Southern Gas Association Gas Machinery Research Council


A circuit for sensing a current comprises a substrate having a first and a second major surface, the second major surface being opposite to the first major surface. At least one magnetic field sensing element is arranged on the first major surface of the substrate and is suitable for sensing a magnetic field caused by a current flow in a current conductor coupled to the second major surface. The substrate also comprises at least one insulation layer, substantially buried between the first major surface and the second major surface of the substrate.

Integrated circuits for measuring a current by means of sensing a magnetic field generated by a current flow are known in the field. An advancing degree of device miniaturization and cost reduction, however, leads to increased current densities, related ohmic losses, and heat dissipation that require careful consideration of the circuit design on the one hand and a good trade-off between maximization of the sensed magnetic field strength and sufficient voltage insulation between the current carrying conductor and the sensing circuitry, as well as connected external circuitry, on the other hand.
Both flip-chip assemblies implementing insulation barriers in a wafer postprocessing step and die-up configurations with insulation barriers have been described in prior art. The former solution needs a specifically conceived redistribution layer to connect to the input and output connectors of the die to the pins of the package. Very thin lead fingers are required for a good input/output count, hence a custom leadframe design and an extra etching step are provided for this approach, and a careful alignment of fingers belonging to a secondary portion of the leadframe with respect to the flipped die establishes the electrical coupling between die and leadframe. The latter solution is more flexible having regard to the assembly of leadframe and die as wire bonding techniques can be used, but the signal weakness at the sensing element is a disadvantage of die-up configurations. Good voltage insulation can be achieved with ceramic interposers as insulation barriers, but these are not readily available during wafer postprocessing but are provided only during assembly. Therefore, there is a need for integrated current sensing circuits that provide good voltage insulation and signal strength, without adding additional assembly steps.


A structural and aerodynamic module including two blades each extending along a longitudinal axis, in which each blade includes a leading edge, a trailing edge, a radially inner edge, and a radially outer edge, is provided. The module also includes a radially inner platform mechanically connecting the radially inner edges of the two blades, and a radially outer platform mechanically connecting the radially outer edges of the two blades such that the two blades and the radially outer and inner platforms delimit a flow stream. The two blades and the platforms are made from a composite material and the two blades are fixed on the radially outer and inner platforms using screw-nut assemblies.

The present invention relates to a structural and aerodynamic module of a turbomachine casing, for example an intermediate casing of a dual-flow turbine engine for an airplane, to a casing structure comprising a plurality of such a module, and to a turbomachine comprising at least one such casing.
A turbojet engine traditionally comprises, from upstream to downstream, a low-pressure compressor or fan, a high-pressure compressor, a combustion chamber, a high-pressure turbine, and a low-pressure turbine.
Moreover, the turbojet engine comprises an outer casing, an inner casing, and an intermediate casing concentric to the first two casings and dividing the space delimited between the outer and inner casings into a primary stream allocated to the compression, then expansion of the propulsion gases, and a secondary stream in which the secondary air circulates.
The intermediate casing performs a structural function by connecting the inner hub to the outer shroud and being able to support loads during operation. To that end, the intermediate casing comprises rigid radial arms connecting the inner hub to the outer shroud. The shape of the radial arms is determined so that its aerodynamic impact on the flow is as limited as possible.
An aerodynamic flow stationary guide vane in the axis of the engine is also provided. This stationary guide vane is made up of a plurality of stationary vanes, which are called outlet guide vanes (OGV).
In traditional turbojet engines, the flow stationary guide vane or cascade vane is separate from the intermediate casing and is situated upstream thereof. However, it is desirable to reduce the mass of turbojet engines and, as a result, the mass of the elements making them up.
To that end, in the turbojet engines under development, it is provided to combine the intermediate casing and the flow stationary guide vane in order to eliminate a certain number of parts. As a result, the vanes are such that they serve the structural function of radial arms.
Vanes made from a metal material make it possible to perform that function. However, they have a high mass.
Document FR 2 685 383 describes an intermediate casing of a turbomachine comprising structural arms comprising an elongated element made from a composite material and fastening fittings for fastening said elongated element to the inner hub and the outer shroud. The elongated body is made by draping several layers of fibers and comprises a recess filled with support fibers in the longitudinal direction of the arm.
The metal fittings are arranged in the four corners of the elongated element and are fixed thereon by screws and nuts. This type of casing is satisfactory from a structural perspective, but it is complex to produce because it comprises four fittings per structural arm, which multiplies the fastening of each of the arms on the inner hub and the outer shroud. Moreover, the mass of the fittings is non-negligible.

Structural and aerodynamic module for a turbomachine casing and casing structure comprising a plurality of such a module


A method and system are provided. The method includes generating a set of workplace predictors of risk relating to accidents, injury, and industrial hygiene, based on employee states that include a physical state and an emotional state. The method further includes collecting data for an elevated risk of a workplace accident at a work location responsive to the set of workplace predictors. The data includes employee data for employees involved in the elevated risk and workplace machinery data for workplace machinery involved in the elevated risk. The method also includes automatically dispatching the data to first responders using one or more hardware-based information dispatching devices.

Technical Field
The present invention relates generally to personal safety and, in particular, to informing first responders based on incident detection, and automatic reporting of individual location and equipment state.
Description of the Related Art
Worldwide there are around 350,000 workplace fatalities and 270 million workplace injuries annually. According to the National Safety Council, in the U.S. alone, this results in 5750 billion in lost wages and productivity, medical expenses, administrative costs, motor vehicle damage, employer's uninsured costs and fire loss. This includes about 4,400 worker deaths due to job injuries, close to 50,000 deaths due to work-related injuries, and approximately 4 million workers who suffered non-fatal work related injuries or illnesses. An estimated 14 million people worked in the U.S. manufacturing sector in 2010, and there were 329 deaths due to job injuries, with 51.4 million in costs associated with each death, and 127,140 non-fatal injuries involving days away from work. In 2008, contact with objects and equipment was the leading cause of death (resulting in 116 deaths) and the leading cause of non-fatal injuries involving days away from work (60,430 cases) in the U.S. manufacturing sector. Overexertion is the second leading cause of non-fatal injuries involving days away from work.
However first responders arriving at accident scenes are ill-informed as to the location of individuals and the state of workplace equipment. As such, there is a need for informing first responders based on incident detection, and automatically reporting the location of individuals and the state of workplace equipment.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Informing first responders based on incident detection, and automatic reporting of individual location and equipment state

International Business Machines Corporation


A boot appliance for writing data to a particular host system's boot image and returning boot image data to a particular host system of a plurality of host systems. The boot appliance includes at least one storage medium, wherein the at least one storage medium is configured to store a base boot image and a plurality of variance boot images. The boot appliance further includes a buffer. The base boot appliance also includes a computer readable medium embodying computer code configured to cause the boot appliance to perform a method for writing data to a particular host system's boot image and for returning boot image data to a particular host system of a plurality of host systems.

In certain server systems, operating system (OS) boot data is rarely used after the initial boot and application loading process. During the boot process the vast majority of the input/output (IO) accesses are read IOs. After an initial startup, the IO accesses to the OS are generally very low. Therefore, it would be desirable to provide a method, system, and apparatus to reduce the total cost of ownership of boot devices and reduce the required storage capacity for operating system boot data.

Method and apparatus to share a single storage drive across a large number of unique systems when data is highly redundant


Devices, systems and methods for determining a recommended bolus dose of therapeutic fluid to be delivered to the body are disclosed. Such a recommended bolus dose may be provided by establishing an initial bolus dose for a user based on one or more first parameters relating to the user and adjusting (e.g., increasing or decreasing) this initial bolus dose amount based on one or more second user parameters by multiplying the initial bolus dose by one or more multiplier values that correlate to at least one of the second parameters and/or by adding or subtracting an absolute value of at least one of the second parameters from the initial bolus dose amount.

Diabetes mellitus is a disease of major global importance, increasing in frequency at almost epidemic rates, such that the worldwide prevalence in 2006 is 170 million people and predicted to at least double over the next 10-15 years. Diabetes is characterized by a chronically-raised blood glucose concentration (hyperglycemia) due to a relative or absolute lack of the pancreatic hormone, insulin. Within the healthy pancreas, beta cells, located in the islets of Langerhans, continuously produce and secrete insulin according to blood glucose concentrations ("BG levels"), maintaining near-constant glucose levels in the body.
Much of the burden of the disease to the user and to health care resources is due to the long-term tissue complications, which affect both small blood vessels (microangiopathy, causing eye, kidney and nerve damage) and large blood vessels (causing accelerated atherosclerosis, with increased rates of coronary heart disease, peripheral vascular disease and stroke). The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial ("DCCT") demonstrated that development and progression of the chronic complications of diabetes are greatly related to the degree of altered glycemia as quantified by determinations of glycohemoglobin (HbA1c). [DCCT Trial, N Engl J Med 1993; 329: 977-986, UKPDS Trial, Lancet 1998; 352: 837-853. BMJ 1998; 317, (7160): 703-13 and the EDIC Trial, N Engl J Med 2005; 353, (25): 2643-53]. Thus, maintaining euglycemia by frequent glucose measurements and adjustment of insulin delivery accordingly is of utmost importance.
Conventional insulin pumps deliver rapid-acting insulin 24 hours a day through a catheter placed under the skin. The insulin total daily dose ("TDD") is typically divided into basal and bolus doses. Basal insulin is delivered continuously over 24 hours and is intended to keep the BG levels within acceptable ranges between meal times and overnight.
Bolus doses may be delivered during episodes of high BG levels (e.g., a "correction bolus" or "CB") or, when delivered before, during or after meals to counteract carbohydrate loads (e.g., a "meal bolus" or "MB"). Conventional parameters used for determining bolus doses include without limitation at least one of the following:                the amount of carbohydrates consumed or to be consumed ("TC");        the carbohydrate-to-insulin ratio ("CIR")—the amount of carbohydrates balanced by one unit of insulin measured in grams per unit of insulin. A high or low CIR value indicates that a high or low amount of carbohydrates can be "covered" by one unit of insulin, respectively;        insulin sensitivity ("IS")—the amount of blood glucose lowered by one unit of insulin measured in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) per unit of insulin;        current blood glucose levels ("CBG") measured in mg/dL;        target blood glucose levels ("TBG")—a desired blood glucose level measured in mg/dL; and/or        residual insulin ("RI")—the amount of stored active insulin remaining in the body of a patient after delivery of a bolus dose (also known as bolus-on-board or "BOB").
Additional parameters (e.g., glycemic index) can be also used, and different units can be used, for example "mmol" instead of "mg/dL".
Conventional insulin pumps may provide bolus dose recommendations based on one or more of the above-listed parameters. For example, an MB dose may be calculated by dividing the amount of carbohydrates by the CIR. In U.S. Pat. No. 6,936,029 to Mann et al., a recommended bolus dose is calculated based on all of the above-listed parameters as follows:
                    (                  TC          /          CIR                )                    ︸                                                           "                                    Food                                                                                Estimate            "                                +                  [                              (                          CBG              -              TBG                        )                    /          IS                ]                    ︸                                                           "                                    Correction                                                                                Estimate            "                                -                      RI    =      Recommended                          Bolus                          Dose  In a non-meal CB dose, the above formula may be simplified as follows because the TC and RI are not considered:Recommended Bolus Dose=(CBG−TBG)/IS
Some of the above-mentioned parameters are also considered in the bolus dose recommendation feature described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. US2008/0234663 to Yodfat et al. and International Publication No. WO 2009/133558, to Yodfat et al., the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. These publications describe this feature (hereinafter "bolus selector feature") as comprising sets of grids of ranges of carbohydrate amounts and blood glucose concentrations, wherein each grid may correspond to a different combination of IS, CIR and/or TBG, according to some embodiments. The publications also note that additional grids may correspond to selected bolus doses and RI values. The final recommended bolus dose, according to some embodiments, may be related to a value that is substantially equivalent to the selected bolus dose minus the RI.
Currently-available continuous glucose monitors ("CGMs") provide continuous "real-time" BG level readings, including the direction and rate of change of BG level (i.e., "BG trends"). This feature assesses the BG trend and enables diabetics to determine (manually) a bolus dose that roughly taken into consideration the BG trend, to improve their glycemic control by responding quickly to rising and/or falling BG levels. The BG trends may, for example, be displayed graphically as trend arrows according to BG level change rates as follows:                ↑=glucose rising quickly: >2 (mg/dL)/min=        =glucose going up: 1 to 2 (mg/dL)/min=        →=fairly stable glucose: −1 to 1 (mg/dL)/min        =glucose going down: −1 to −2 (mg/dL)/min        ↓=glucose falling quickly: <−2 (mg/dL)/min
The abovementioned general formula for determining a recommended bolus dose does not take into account numerous rapidly-changing parameters or physiological conditions (such as without limitation BG trends, physical activity levels (e.g., exercise or sedentary state), illness (e.g., high temperature) or emotional stress) that may influence or otherwise substantially modify the recommended bolus dose determination. In addition, rapidly-changing blood-related parameters, including without limitation, BG levels, ketones, PH levels or blood gases, may also influence or otherwise substantially modify the recommended bolus dose. For example, the same 5 U of insulin may have a substantially different effect on a person when he or she is exercising as compared to when that person is sleeping.
While BG level is one of the most important rapidly-changeable parameters, the abovementioned formula only considers the current BG level (i.e., a discrete value) and not BG trends and other user-specific parameters, including those identified above. For example, if a high discrete BG level is measured, the formula recommends delivering a large bolus dose to bring the user's BG levels back to TBG. In situations where consecutive BG level measurements are consistently high (i.e., BG level is substantially constant), such a recommended bolus dose may be appropriate. However, if the high-measured BG is increasing or decreasing, a relatively higher or lower bolus dose may be more properly recommended.
For example, using the following parameters, the abovementioned formula provides a bolus dose of 2 U:                IS=50 mg/dL per unit of insulin        TBG=100 mg/dL        CBG=200 mg/dL        CGM trend=rising>2 mg/dL per min,        Bolus Dose=(CBG−TBG)/IS=(200 mg/dL−100 mg/dL)/50 (mg/dL)/U=2 U.In this case, however, the recommendation may be too low because the BG level will be 260 mg/dL within 30 minutes and 320 mg/dL within an hour.
Thus, there is a need for a bolus dose recommendation system and methodology that considers additional user parameters that affect the recommended bolus dose determination. One such parameter is the trend of the BG level.

Devices, systems and methods for quantifying bolus doses according to user parameters


The present invention provides, among other things, novel peptides and compositions for treating disease.

Biologic medical products are an increasingly common segment of the market for disease therapeutics. Biologic products include, inter alia, vaccines, gene therapy, and natural or recombinant proteins and/or peptides. Biologics can comprise sugars, proteins, nucleic acids, or complex combinations of these substances and have been used as potential therapeutics in a wide variety of diseases, disorders and conditions.


A system, wherein a mobile station can switch to an IP access protocol, whereupon data transmitted between the mobile station and a mobile services switching centre change over from a base station system, reached using radio communication, to being transmitted through an interworking unit (40) coupled in connection with an IP connection and the mobile services switching centre. When the mobile station switches to the access network, it transfers the dynamic data relating to the mobile station's state and the calls in progress (state machine) to the interworking unit.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to mobile communication systems and particularly to a system for transferring information between a mobile station and a mobile communication network.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In modern office work it is necessary to provide the employees with versatile information transfer connections which can transfer speech, facsimile messages, electronic mail and other data—usually in digital form. Transfer of information is needed inside an office or corresponding working environment for communication between employees, for transfer of information between branch offices of an enterprise, which offices can be in other towns or even in other countries, and for communication between the office and "outside world". In this text and all of the following text "office" stands for an environment with several users, which users "belong together", and which office physically covers a reasonably limited area. There has been a trend in the telecommunication branch toward integrated systems in which various forms of telecommunication can be controlled as one entity.
A conventional realization of an above mentioned type of office communication system comprises a company telephone exchange for providing telephone services and telephones connected to it over twisted-pair connections and a separate local area network (LAN) in which applications for advanced telecommunication services have been implemented and which has the intelligence to run them. The local network is connected to the telephone exchange using a telecommunication server (Telephony Server) which supports the traditional subscriber server architecture in which subscribers are subscribers' computers connected to the local network. For example call-, data-, facsimile-, electronic mall- and speech mail services are connected within an office utilizing the telecommunication server. In an integrated system users can also e.g. control telephone services using their computer terminals connected to the local network. The whole integrated office communication system is connected to public telephone network through the telephone exchange.
FIG. 1 presents an example of a prior known office communication system in which users' telephones TP (TelePhone) have been connected by wire connections and a local area network (LAN) has been connected over a telecommunication server TS (Tele Server) into a telephone exchange PBX (Private Branch Exchange) which is connected to a public telephone network PSTN/ISDN (PSTN, Public Switched Telephone Network, ISDN, Integrated Services Digital Network). To the local area network (LAN) have been connected on one hand servers executing various services such as data base server DBS (Data Base Server), voice server VS (Voice Server) and electrical mail server EMS (Electrical Mail Server) and on the other hand the users' computers PC (Personal Computer). It can be regarded as a problem with this kind of realisation that even if a user's telephone TP and computer PC usually are on the same table next to each other separate wire connections must be laid to the user's working room for them, on one hand from the telephone exchange PBX and on the other hand from the telecommunication server TS of the LAN. Building and maintenance of two overlapping telecommunication networks naturally causes cost.
The problem of overlapping telecommunication networks is increased by portable mobile stations utilizing radio connection becoming rapidly more popular. Many persons working in an office need, because of their mobile work, a mobile station and often also a portable facsimile device and/or a combined portable computer/mobile station. In order to be able to use the devices based on radio connection also inside buildings, the constructions of which attenuate radio signals, It has been suggested that mobile radio networks should be supplemented with small base stations individual for offices or even for rooms, which base stations would be connected either directly or over wired telephone network to the central systems of mobile communication network. The network of small base stations would be already a third overlapping telecommunication network within the same office, and accordingly it is clear that in a preferable solution, which the present invention is aiming at, also the arrangement supporting radio communication stations should be realized using essentially the same means and telecommunication networks than the rest of the transfer of information in the office.
A challenge of its own to telecommunication systems is issued by the fact that work is done more and more in small-office or domestic environment, which is described by the concept SOHO (Small Office, Home Office). Even here advanced office communication services are often needed and it is particularly preferable if such a flexible system is available which can be utilized even both in the office and at home. The present systems which require overlapping connections for the utilization of mobile communication services, conventional telephone services and fast data transfer services are very inflexible for working in a small- or home office. In addition to above, the following kinds of solutions connected with integrated telecommunication systems are known from prior art.
If an integrated office communication system is realized utilizing traditional technique, separate wired connections must be laid into a user's working room on one hand from telephone exchange PBX (FIG. 1) and on the other hand from telecommunication server TS of local area network (LAN). In order to contact a subscriber through different exchanges and servers one has to use several numbers and addresses. To manage a number of addresses for each user complicates things both for subscribers themselves, as well as to the people trying to contact them. In earlier applications according to prior art a solution to these problems has not actually been sought.

System and device for accessing of a mobile communication network


An embodiment of the present invention relates to a wireless communication system, wherein said wireless communication system uses multiple input and multiple output antenna (MIMO) on both transmission and receiving ends.

1. Field
The present invention relates to a wireless communication system, and more particularly, to a method and device for channel state information feedback that uses a multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) antenna in both a transmitting end and a receiving end, and a base station.
2. Discussion of the Background
As communication systems have developed, various wireless terminals have been utilized by consumers, such as companies and individuals.
Therefore, communication service providers have created a new communication service market for wireless terminals, and have continuously attempted to expand an existing communication service market by providing reliable and inexpensive services.
A MIMO system is a scheme that increases a wireless communication capacity, and a maximum communication capacity supported by the MIMO system may increase in proportion to the number of antennas. However, an information transmission capacity supported by the MIMO system is actually decreased as the number of antennas increases, which is a phenomenon caused by various constraint conditions of the communication system. To increase the communication capacity of the MIMO system in proportion to the number of antennas, an interference free or orthogonal precoding that prevents inter-layer interference may need to be used. However, it has been difficult to be embodied in the communication system.

Channel state information feedback device, method thereof, and base station


The present invention relates to an electrodepositable coating composition comprising a crater control additive.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an electrodepositable coating composition comprising a crater control additive.
2. Background Information
Various crater control agents, such as those based on acrylates and polybutene dienes, have been utilized in electrodepositable coating compositions in order to impart carter resistance as well as resistance to oil contamination. However, the electrodepositable coating layer that is deposited from such a coating composition typically exhibits poor intercoat adhesion with layers that are subsequently applied onto the electrodepositable coating layer. Moreover, in some instances, an electrodepositable coating composition that contains a crater control agent is not stable when stored at elevated temperatures over a prolonged duration of time. Therefore, when such an unstable electrodepositable coating composition is coated onto a substrate, it has been observed that certain properties of the coating layer (film) that results from the unstable electrodeposited coating composition, such as resistivity, coulombic efficiency, and film build, are difficult to control.

Electrocoating composition comprising a crater control additive


‘GENSEL 1’ is a new and distinct grapevine plant with novel characteristics that include good fertility and naturally loose bunches, nice and well-structured. The berries produced by ‘GENSEL 1’ are white and seedless with a crisp texture and neutral flavor and no detectable seed traces. The berries produced by ‘GENSEL 1’ are large, weighing 6-7 g/berry on average, and harvested in early September in Murcia Region (Spain).

The present invention relates to a new distinct variety of seedless grapevine named 'GENSEL 1'. The new variety originated from a hybridization performed in Murcia, Spain during 2015 between '03-434-17' (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 33,356), as the pollen parent, and '9-704' (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 23,125), as the seed parent. Abortive seed traces were embryo cultured and the resulting plant was planted in an evaluation block during 2016. The first evaluation of the fruit produced by 'GENSEL 1' was performed during 2017. 'GENSEL 1' was first asexually propagated by field grafting dormant hardwood scions to 1103 Paulsen Rootstock (not patented) in 2018 in Murcia, Spain. Fruit from the resulting four grafted 'GENSEL 1' vines was first harvested in 2019. All characteristics and distinctions remain true to form and are established and transmitted through succeeding propagations.

SPECIAL NEW FRUIT LICENSING MEDITERRÁNEO S.L. (SNFL MEDITERRÁNEO S.L.)


A method for estimating an inherent movement of a vehicle. The method includes a step of classifying, a step of detecting, and a step of ascertaining. In the step of classifying, at least one portion of a camera image representing a classified object is classified into an object category which represents stationary objects. In the step of detecting, at least one detection point of the portion in the camera image classified into the object category is detected in the camera image by utilizing a detection algorithm. In the step of ascertaining, an estimated inherent movement of the vehicle is ascertained by utilizing the detection point.

The present invention is directed to a device, a method and a computer program.
Modern driver assistance systems and automated driving require a precise determination of the vehicle movement. Inertial sensor systems, wheel signals, and surroundings sensors are utilized in this case. If a video camera is installed in the vehicle, the inherent movement of the vehicle may be highly precisely estimated on the basis of the shifting of distinctive points in the image. Assuming rigid, unmoved surroundings, the movement of the vehicle is inferred in this way.
One conventional method is distinguished by the fact that it is particularly robust even in the event of breaches of the assumption of a rigid scene, for example by other moving vehicles. The reason therefor is the use of a robust estimation method, for example, the so-called random sample consensus (RANSAC), with the aid of which a hypothesis for the movement is determined, which is supported by a preferably large number of distinctive image points. One further similar method is described in U.S. Published Patent Application No. 2009/0263009 A1, in which RANSAC is utilized for outlier suppression in the movement estimation. In recent years, methods for the semantic segmentation of image information, for example, with the aid of deep learning, have also made considerable advances.

Method and device for estimating an inherent movement of a vehicle


A vessel stabilizer control system (12) includes a sensor fault detection means (16) which senses the availability of sensing signals from a gyrostabilizer precession motion sensor (10) and a vessel roll motion sensor (14). The control system (12) controls the action of a gyro-actuator (8) which is mechanically coupled to a gyrostabilizer (4). The benefit of employing fault sensing of the sensors providing the process control variables is that the sensed number of available process control variables (or sensors) can be used to activate a tiered system of control modes. Each tiered control mode is designed to utilize the available process control variables to ensure safe and effective operation of the gyrostabilizer (4) that is tolerant of sensor faults and loss of power supply. A control mode selector (18) is provided for selecting the appropriate control mode based on the number of available process control variables.

When a gyrostabiliser is used in a marine vessel to attenuate rolling motion, the rolling motion of the vessel induces flywheel precession that in turn produces a torque that opposes the rolling motion. This means that the induced flywheel precession is always in an appropriate phase to attenuate rolling motion (if the precession does not exceed 90°). Depending on the resistance to precession caused by the mechanical arrangement, when the rolling rate of rotation (roll rate) exceeds a certain level, the induced precession torque will cause the flywheel to precess through more than 90° (over-precess). This causes instability in the roll resisting torque produced by the flywheel as it momentarily becomes zero. If the resistance to precession is great enough to prevent induced over-precession during peak input events, the stabilising effect during more common events will be severely limited. It is therefore desirable to provide a gyrostabiliser control system to either vary the resistance to precession, or actively control the flywheel precession motion of the gyroscope.
There are many known gyrostabiliser control systems, from the manual precession axis brake actuated by a lever to active control of the precession angle in dependence typically on sensed vessel roll motion and gyroscope precession motion. The manual precession axis brake, first proposed by Schlick in 1904 and described by White in 1907, required manual intervention to prevent over-precession in wave environments outside a small range of design conditions.
The American company Sperry then developed a system that addressed the problem of the Schlick gyroscope by using an electric motor controlled by switches and a small gyroscope to control the precession of the main gyroscope. In this system the rate of precession was proportional to the roll rate of the vessel. Although the performance of these, prior art systems was remarkable in some wave environments, (up to 95% roll reduction), the precession control systems were not able to adapt to varying wave conditions, so the performance was limited by simplistic precession torque controls. With the invention of lighter and cheaper fin stabilisers, which work well when a ship is at speed allowing hydrodynamic lift to be produced by the fins, interest in gyrostabilisers waned.
Gyrostabilisers have particular benefits for applications where the vessel has zero or low forward speed, when hydrodynamics based systems have little or no effect. Several applications including, but not limited to, patrol boats, luxury motor yachts, offshore floating production systems and offshore work boats all have significant operational roles at low or zero speed. These applications are driving renewed interest in revisiting gyrostabilisers for controlling wave induced ship rolling motion.
As a result, there have been proposed more complex control systems for gyrostabilisers to provide improved vessel motion attenuation performance over a wide range of operating conditions. For example, in WO 2009/009074, Rubenstein and Akers disclose a control strategy using attitude and angular rate sensors for both the vessel and the gyrostabiliser to produce a feed forward component. This is used along with a feedback component, a mode input (indicative of current events such as launching, parked or underway at various speeds) and an anticipation of the effect of the intended control (when applied to the gyrostabiliser and/or other vessel stabilising devices) to produce a resource allocation vector for the gyro and any other control means.
By actively controlling the precession of the gyrostabiliser flywheel, safe and effective performance across a wide range of operating conditions can be achieved. Active control of the precession requires sensor feedback for use as process control variable(s). If a process control variable becomes unavailable to the control system due to sensor error, loss of system power or other failure, the active control system will cease to operate. For actively driven gyrostabilisers, this will result in immediate loss of the stabilising influence of the gyrostabiliser, which risks the safe and/or comfortable operation of the vessel.
With the provision of increasing numbers of sensors to permit more complex gyrostabiliser control algorithms that are more responsive to changing sea states and vessel motion, the risk of one or more sensors failing is increased.
The present invention was developed with a view to providing a gyrostabiliser control system and method that is fault tolerant, reducing the severity of the risk of one or more sensors failing. However it will be appreciated that the control system and method of the invention also has application to other types of vessel stabilisers, such as hydrodynamic stabilisers. Examples of hydrodynamic stabilisers include, fins, rudders, T-foils, interceptors, flume tanks or transom flaps and examples of other types of stabilising device include moveable ballast systems.
References to prior art in this specification are provided for illustrative purposes only and are not to be taken as an admission that such prior art is part of the common general knowledge in Australia or elsewhere.

Fault tolerant vessel stabiliser control system


Curiosity-adaptive ambient semantic intelligence systems and methods provide an ontology-driven graph database comprising machine-processable semantic representations of intellectual resources in the form of Curiosity Attracting Pointers (CAPs). The system also utilizes formal semantics that enable the system to automatically add new CAPs through reasoners. The users score their CAP entries based on various parameters. Curiosity traits are derived through the analysis of selectivity patterns of the users. User-scoring and curiosity value of resources are used by a calculation module to assign an overall Curiosity Satisfaction Value, which enables the personalization of output graphs generated by the system for a given user.

Scientific curiosity is the key motivation behind most of the scientific and philosophical achievements of human kind. Paradoxically, the concept of scientific curiosity itself is one of the least studied subjects in the history of science and philosophy. Scientific curiosity can be defined as an intrinsically motivated desire to make sense of potentially everything that are proper subjects of science and philosophy. However, human beings are bound by time and human curiosity has to make selections among different items of information based on time constraint. If there are two intellectual resources such as two articles or books and a researcher has to pick one of them due to time constraint, the selection is guided by the cognitive dynamics of human curiosity. The selectivity property of human curiosity is driven by human personality. In an age of 'attention economy' the biggest problem is not the unavailability of information but its overabundance and the need for curiosity adaptive information-filtering systems becomes more conspicuous.
Ambient systems are highly adaptive, personalized and context-aware systems. Curiosity motivation, like other motivations, has a direction. When we are hungry, we orient toward food. When we desire knowledge, we orient toward specific items of information, i.e., make selections among items of information. This is called the selectivity property of curiosity. In the context of information retrieval systems, ambient technologies refer to the adaptivity of the system to the mental movements, i.e., selectivity patterns of the researcher, which enables context aware and personalized interactions.
The study on curiosity has also inspired computational work by highlighting the cognitive mechanisms that make possible our quest for the unknown. The question is how it is possible that we are seeking what we do not know. Some answers to these questions are related to specific aspects of linguistics and logic. Human beings are capable of referring to the unknown and logically formulating the representations of the unknown. Semantic intelligence enables machine-processable and interoperable formal representations of information that boosts the efficiency of collaboration and information sharing. With the use of rule-based semantic reasoners, formally represented intellectual resources in a graph database can also be processed for generating novel representations that are satisfying objects of human curiosity in a similar way that natural curiosity process works. Similarly, the construal of curiosity as a reference point phenomenon inspires new ways of designing information retrieval systems in which intellectual resources are represented, collaboratively accumulated, and made accessible in the form of curiosity attracting pointers of high significance that help a person to fill the gap between his current level of knowledge and his aspiration level.

Curiosity adaptive ambient semantic intelligence system and method for scientific collaboration


A battery pack has a rechargeable battery, a pair of externally exposed charge/discharge terminals connected to the electrodes of the rechargeable battery, and an externally exposed battery pack signal terminal for identifying the type of the battery pack. The battery pack further has a battery pack communication portion connected to the battery pack signal terminal for receiving an authenticity signal transmitted from an electrical equipment unit through the battery pack signal terminal; a random number generating portion for generating a random number based on a predetermined condition; and a battery pack control portion for generating a detection signal based on the authenticity signal received by the battery pack communication portion and the random number generated by the random number generating portion, and for transmitting the detection signal from the battery pack communication portion to the electrical equipment unit side through the battery pack signal terminal.

1. Technical Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a battery pack containing rechargeable batteries, an electrical device connectable to this battery pack, and a method of identifying the type of a battery pack.
2. Description of the Related Art
Battery pack contains rechargeable batteries (secondary batteries), which can be repeatedly recharged, such as nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, and lithium-ion batteries. Since there are many different types of electrical devices which use battery packs, such as portable electrical equipment, there are also many different types of rechargeable batteries housed in battery packs. In particular, the rated voltage of a rechargeable battery is specified according to the electrical equipment to which the rechargeable battery is connected, and it is necessary to connect a battery pack containing rechargeable batteries suitable for the type of electrical equipment. Consequently, a battery pack provided with a signal terminal, which allows the electrical equipment to identify the type of battery pack connected, has been developed.
Battery pack is designed to properly provide power to electrical equipment connected to the battery pack under specified conditions. Some battery packs have protection circuits such as over-charge, or over-discharge prevention circuits to protect the battery packs and the main units of electrical equipment. However, in some cases, compatible battery packs such as so-called pirated articles do not have such protection circuits. In these cases, occurrence of voltage variation may cause not only improper operation of electrical equipment units but also damage of the electrical equipment units or the battery packs themselves. Accordingly, in order to protect an electrical equipment unit by detecting use of such a false battery pack, it is necessary to identify whether a battery is authorized.
There are a battery pack and an electrical equipment unit using this battery pack both of which have signal terminals for communication additionally to positive and negative electrode terminals for charging/discharging. The signal terminals are used for identification of an authorized battery. FIG. 1 shows an example of a battery pack and an electrical equipment unit serving to perform the identification of an authorized battery. With the electrical equipment unit 501 and battery pack 502 shown in this figure, certain information is transmitted from the electrical equipment unit 501 to the battery pack 502 through signal terminals. Then, the battery pack 502 inputs the information received from the signal terminal in a predetermined function, and returns the result to the electrical equipment unit 501. Subsequently, an electrical equipment unit 501 compares the transmitted information and the returned result, and detects whether the result is obtained by the predetermined function or not by means of an electrical equipment control portion 515. When the result of detection is correct, the battery pack 502 is identified as an authorized battery, when the result is not correct or is not returned the battery pack 502 is identified as a false battery, and a display portion 516 displays the result of the identification.
However, there is a problem that the above identification method cannot sufficiently eliminate false battery packs. The reason is that false battery packs can have signal terminals and the function can be set in the signal terminals. For example, if a manufacturer of a false battery pack monitors communication data in the signal terminal by using an authorized battery pack and can guess the relation between an input value and an output value, the manufacturer can install a mechanism calculating similarly in the false battery pack. Accordingly, such a method identification of which can be guessed based on an input value and an output value cannot eliminate false battery packs which have mechanisms calculating similarly to the authorized battery pack. There is a problem that false battery packs with low quality cannot be surely eliminated.
Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent No. 3341302
Patent Document 2: Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication TOKUKAI No. 2000-200222
Patent Document 3: Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication TOKUHYO No. HEI 9-500520

Battery pack, electrical device connectable to battery pack, and method of identifying battery pack type


This invention provides a display panel characterized by having a substrate; an organic film having an irregular surface formed on the substrate; a reflective film formed on the irregular surface of the organic film; and a pixel electrode having a portion, at least the portion of the pixel electrode being overlapped with the reflective film.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a display panel having a reflective layer and accompanying manufacturing method.
2. Description of the Related Art
In general, there are two types of liquid crystal displays (LCDs) known as a transmission type and a reflection type. A transmission type has a structure which displays light from a backlight arranged in the back surface side of the LCD panel that permeates the LCD panel and is easily viewable in a dark place. A reflection type has a structure which displays ambient light from the exterior to the inner part of the LCD panel that is reflected by a reflective layer arranged in the back surface side of the LCD panel and is easily viewable in a bright place. In order to realize an LCD panel which is easily viewable in bright as well as dark places, a semi-transmissive type (dual function transmission type and reflection type) LCD panel has been proposed. This is commonly known as a transflective LCD which has a structure that alternately acts as a transmission type and a reflection type LCD panel. When forming the reflective layer in the inner part of the LCD panel, because light from the exterior is not scattered (dispersed) by the reflective layer and light with high luminosity (brightness) is reflected in a specific direction, the display periphery becomes invisible. For this reason, generally, minute irregularities, composed of a number of convex and concave, are formed on the reflective layer surface. A reflection type LCD display panel which has a reflective layer with minute irregularities has been disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open (Kokai) Patent Application No. 2004-020688 titled "DISPLAY DEVICE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME." In the LCD panel described in this conventional prior art reference, a flat reflective layer composed of aluminum is formed on the upper surface of a glass substrate, an insulating film is formed on the upper surface of the glass substrate containing the reflective layer, a plurality of cross-sectional inverted trapezoid-shaped through holes with inclined surfaces are formed in the portion corresponding to the reflective layer of the insulating film and pixel electrodes composed of Indium-Tin-Oxide (ITO) having irregular surfaces follow the irregular surface of the insulating film containing the through holes with inclined surfaces and are formed in the upper surface of the insulating film containing the through holes with inclined surfaces.
Also, as for the LCD devices of the above-mentioned configuration, the flat reflective layer literally has only a light reflection function. Because the pixel electrodes follow the irregular surface of the insulating film containing the through holes with inclined surfaces and are formed in irregular shapes, light scattering functionality is exhibited by refraction in this portion and scatter reflections of outside light (ambient light) are performed as an integral whole.
However, in the LCD devices of the above-described configuration, because light scattering functionality is exhibited by refraction of the pixel electrodes which are composed of ITO and formed in irregular shapes, scattering is minor. Also, because the inclined angle of the through holes with inclined surfaces is uniform, reflected light becomes regular reflectance. Thus, there is a problem that sufficient light scattering reflection is not obtained.

Display panel having a reflective layer and manufacturing method thereof


Systems, methods, and apparatuses for securely dispensing one or more prescribed substances at a given time and/or date are disclosed herein. In certain embodiments, a pill dispensing device may include a generally tamper-proof portable housing. A replaceable cartridge may be configured to be removably disposed within the portable housing. The replaceable cartridge also may be generally tamper-proof. The portable housing and/or the replaceable cartridge may be operable to dispense a predefined amount of a prescribed substance at a given time and/or date.

Unintended use of prescription medications by the intended user or others is a serious problem. The misuse of legitimately prescribed medications such as painkillers, stimulants, tranquilizers, sedatives, and steroids kills tens of thousands of Americans and costs the U.S. healthcare system more than $100 billion a year. The biggest impact is from opiate painkillers, but deaths and injuries are often caused by simultaneous exposure to multiple classes of Controlled Substances and drugs of potential abuse. Opiates remain the medications of choice to treat legitimate acute and chronic pain. In the U.S. alone, 130 million prescriptions were written in 2010 for hydrocodone, which has become a widespread source of abuse and drug trafficking. All told, approximately 500 million Controlled Substance prescriptions are written in the U.S. each year. According to recent congressional data, prescription drug abuse is the leading cause of accidental death in the U.S., now exceeding traffic accidents, and also exceeding deaths from heroin and cocaine, combined. Approximately 60% of prescribed medication is not taken as directed.
In 2010, over 38,000 unintentional drug overdose deaths occurred in the United States, 60% of those involving prescription medications. Prescription drug abuse is the fastest growing drug problem in the United States. The increase in unintentional drug overdose death rates in recent years has been driven by increased use of a class of prescription opioid analgesics. In addition, recent data suggests that for every unintentional overdose death related to an opioid analgesic, 10 persons are admitted for substance abuse treatment, 32 visit emergency departments, 130 report drug abuse or dependence, and 825 report nonmedical uses of opioid analgesics. Prescription drugs are the second-most abused category of drugs after marijuana.
Medications, such as opioid analgesics and narcotics, may be prone to abuse or diversion, for instance taken in excess or diverted and sold to others who would abuse the medication. The two main populations in the United States at risk for prescription drug overdose are the approximately 9 million persons who report long-term medical use of opioids and the roughly 12 million persons who report non-medical use (i.e., use without a prescription or medical need) annually. In an attempt to treat patient pain better, practitioners have greatly increased their rate of opioid prescribing over the past decade. Persons who abuse opioids have learned to exploit this new practitioner sensitivity to patient pain, and clinicians struggle to treat patients without overprescribing these drugs. The regulatory response to inform the prescriber about the potential abusers recent prescription history through an updated electronic health record is currently part of the attempt to address one aspect of this problem. This, however, still does not address the availability of the entire contents of a legitimately prescribed opioid capped bottle to anyone once it's opened, in any amount, at any frequency. The chain of command for the drug of potential abuse is lost once it leaves the pharmacy.
It is desirable to prevent the misuse of medications by intended users and also to ensure correct dispensing of prescription medications. It would be useful to provide a low-cost portable dispenser and monitoring system to verify that medications stored therein are not taken in excess (i.e., abused) and are only taken at the prescribed interval and dose. It also would be useful to provide a portable dispenser and monitoring system to verify that medications stored therein are removed only by the patient or another authorized person in order to prevent drug abuse and diversion.

Systems, methods, and apparatuses for securely dispensing one or more prescribed substances to a securely identified intended user


A ripple-eliminating power converter includes a first voltage converter configured to output a first voltage by stepping up or down a DC voltage supplied from a battery cell; a second voltage converter configured to receive the first voltage outputted from the first voltage converter and output a second voltage by stepping up or down the first voltage; and a ripple-eliminating capacitor disposed between the first voltage converter and the second voltage converter to transfer a DC component of the first voltage to the second voltage converter by eliminating an AC component included in the first voltage.

Today, renewable energy sources including solar cells are attracting attention as alternative energy, in that they do not use fossil fuels that restrictively exist in the Earth and can minimize environmental pollution. However, the renewable energy sources have voltages and currents that are unstable, and thus it is difficult to supply a stable power to loads. Accordingly, a technique has currently been being developed to stabilize power output of a system by using an energy storage device such as a battery.
A conventional renewable electric generator system has a structure in which a power is supplied from a DC battery power source to loads by connecting a power converter thereto.
Typically, ripples are generated in a DC voltage when power conversion is performed by stepping up or down the DC battery power to a desired voltage level. Conventionally, a high-capacity electrolytic capacitor was used to eliminate the ripples of the DC voltage. However, the electrolytic capacitor has a high capacity and short lifespan.
FIG. 1 illustrates an example of an electrolytic-less capacitor type ripple-eliminating circuit of a power converter according to a related art. FIG. 1(a) illustrates a configuration in which a ripple-eliminating circuit (relating to a ripple port) is connected in parallel (shunt) with a power-converting circuit, and FIG. 1(b) illustrates a configuration in which a ripple-eliminating circuit is expanded from two ports to three ports to be connected by adding windings in a transformer-type ripple-eliminating circuit.
The reason that an electrolytic-less capacitor type ripple-eliminating circuit is used will be described as follows. In order to output an AC output, i.e., an AC current, the AC current passes through an intermediate portion of the circuit, and thus a voltage of a capacitor positioned in the center significantly fluctuates. A high-capacity electrolytic capacitor is conventionally employed in a ripple-eliminating circuit to suppress such fluctuation. However, using the high-capacity electrolytic capacitor causes an increased price, reduced reliability, and a very high boosting ratio, thereby deteriorating power-converting efficiency.
A background technique of the present invention has been disclosed in Korea Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2006-0094466 (Aug. 28, 2006)

SOONGSIL UNIVERSITY RESEARCH CONSORTIUM TECHNO-PARK


Aspects of the present disclosure are directed towards responding to a touch gesture at a touch-enabled computing device. An interface control element may be presented at a first computing environment provided by a computing device. A touch gesture may be received at a touchscreen of the computing device, and it may be determined whether at least a portion of the touch gesture occurred at the interface control element. Based, at least in part, on whether at least a portion of the touch gesture occurred at the interface control element, a display of the first computing environment may be adjusted or information corresponding to the touch gesture may be transmitted to a second computing environment.

A computing device may be touch-enabled such that a user provides input via touch gestures at a touchscreen of the device. Those familiar with touch-enabled devices will appreciate that a user may execute various functions by performing particular motions on the touchscreen. Examples of touch gestures include a tap gesture, a double-tap gesture, a long press gesture, a scroll gesture, a pan gesture, a flick gesture, a pinch gesture, and so forth. The operating system of the device may interpret the gesture to identify the type of gesture performed, and provide the gesture information to an application at the device. The application may pair a touch gesture with a particular function that executes upon receipt of the touch gesture. In one example, an application may pair a pinch open gesture with a zoom in function and pair a pinch close gesture with a zoom out function. As another example, an application may pair a pan gesture with a pan function that pans the display at the application or device. In these examples, the touch gestures are interpreted and responded to natively by the operating system of the device or an application running locally at the device.
Recent advances in virtualization technology, however, allow touch-enabled computing devices to access virtualized applications operating remotely relative to the device. With this technology, a user may interact with the virtualized application as if it were running natively at the computing device. Many of the virtualized applications may be designed for execution at a desktop computing device in which a user utilizes a pointing device such as a mouse to provide input. A physical pointing device may allow for more precise control and selection at the application. As a result, the graphical user interfaces of these applications may include relatively small icons, menus, and other graphical user interface elements suitable for selection using precision pointing devices.
The touchscreen of a touch-enabled device, however, may not provide the precision necessary to select these relative small graphical user interface elements. Accordingly, one challenge to presenting virtualized applications at a touch-enabled devices involves accurately interpreting a touch gesture to provide a desired response. Another challenge to presenting virtualized applications at a touch-enabled device involves determining whether a touch gesture should be interpreted locally at the native environment or remotely at the virtualized environment. Users may interact with both the native operating system and the virtualized application using touch gestures. In some circumstances, the user may desire the native environment to respond to the touch gesture, while in other circumstances the user may desire the virtualized application to respond to the touch gesture. Some proposed solutions require the user to activate and deactivate gesture modes such that a touch gesture is interpreted locally when one mode is active and interpreted remotely when another mode is active. Such proposed solutions, however, diminish the user experience through the extra effort required to switch between modes.
In view of these challenges, new approaches to interpreting and responding to touch gestures in the virtualization context are needed. In particular, accurately interpreting touch gestures for virtualized applications and distinguishing between for local or remote interpretation are needed.

Remoting or localizing touch gestures at a virtualization client agent


A system is provided to perform various wellbore operations, including retrieval and replacement of solid internal tree caps, for example. The system may include an open water lubricator having a piston assembly disposed therein. The system may also include a well control package connected to a distal end of the open water lubricator. The piston assembly is configured to extend through the well control package. Method using systems disclosed herein may be performed while maintaining at least two testable pressure barriers during each of the retrieving and replacement steps.

Subsea Christmas trees, both horizontal and vertical, may feature isolation devices such as tubing hanger crown plugs and internal tree caps with large drift diameters. In some embodiments, the outer diameter of an internal tree cap may be as large as 18.5 inches or more.
An internal tree cap may have a solid body, may include a ball valve, or may include an access bore which may hold a receptacle for an upper crown plug. Gaining access to a well topped by a Christmas tree having a solid body internal tree cap requires completely removing the internal tree cap. Solid body internal tree caps must be retrieved within a pressure containing/pressure balanced environment to maintain multiple well control barriers. Access to a wellbore for Christmas trees including a solid body internal tree cap may require use of a subsea blowout preventer and a drilling riser deployed from a large drill ship or a semi-submersible. The blowout preventer may have an internal diameter of 18¾ inches and the drilling riser may have an internal diameter of nineteen inches, for example.
In contrast, an internal tree cap having an access bore may be left in place in the Christmas tree while access to the well is gained by pulling the upper crown plug disposed in the receptacle. A crown plug may also be pulled from the tubing hanger. The crown plug may be able to be pulled using a completion workover riser or a riserless light well intervention system, which may also be used to perform a desired wellbore intervention. The cost of deploying a completion workover riser or a riserless light well intervention system may be significantly lower than the cost of deploying a blow-out preventer and a drilling riser.
Therefore, it may be desired to replace solid body internal tree caps with internal tree caps having access bores.


A cover normally concealing a safety air bag is adapted to rupture to form an opening for air bag deployment into the passenger compartment of a motor vehicle. The cover is formed of plastic material that tends to become embrittled and fragment when torn or pierced below a certain ambient temperature. A heater is provided behind the cover that is adapted to heat the rupture area in the event of air bag deployment. A heater control operates the heater to maintain this critical area above the fragmentation temperature when the vehicle is being operated at low ambient temperatures that would cause plastic embrittlement.

In the course of concealing the presence of safety air bags in a motor vehicles there has evolved a cover made of plastic material that normally conceals the air bag and has a hidden or invisible tear seam that is torn or ruptured by the stress of air bag inflation to form an opening for deployment of the air bag into the passenger compartment. There are also cover assemblies wherein the cover is ruptured by piercing devices to form an opening therethrough for air bag deployment. Examples of such air bag concealing cover devices are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,072,967; 5,154,444 and 5,256,354 assigned to the assignee of this invention. While these concealing cover devices have proven generally satisfactory, most plastic materials tend to become embrittled at very low ambient temperatures. As a results such covers might fragment along the edges of the opening in the cover produced by the rupture when the air bag is required to deploy at extremely cold temperatures such as -20 degrees Fahrenheit and below. Consequently, there is only a limited number of materials suitable for this use.
It is known to incorporate various heater devices in association with an air bag concealing cover arrangement. But they have been for the purpose of producing (burning) the opening through the plastic cover for air bag deployment at the time of impact and are not suited to assuring against fragmentation of the plastic material at that instant let alone in an energy efficient manner. Examples of such heater devices are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,080,393 and 5,217,244.


The present invention provides a method of treating a reverse osmosis membrane for boron rejection enhancement, comprising contacting the reverse osmosis membrane with a chemical coating such as PHMB, wherein the reverse osmosis membrane is part of a single-pass reverse osmosis system is configured to reduce the boron concentration of normal seawater or brackish water to less than a predetermined amount.

Boron is present in significant concentrations in seawater and in many natural brackish waters. Since high concentrations of boron are toxic to animals and many plants, boron is regulated in municipal water supplies. Boron concentrations for United States water supplies range from about 0.005 parts-per-million to about 2 parts-per-million, whereas boron concentrations for Los Angeles water supplies range from about 0.12 parts-per-million to about 0.281 parts-per-million. On the other hand, typical seawater has boron concentrations of approximately 4.6 parts-per-million.
Organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have proposed drinking water regulations having various limits for boron concentration. Particularly, the WHO has proposed a strict provisional boron concentration limit of 0.5 parts-per-million, while the EPA has set forth a more lenient boron limit of 3 parts-per-million for adults and 0.9 parts-per-million for children. Jurisdictions that have existing drinking water regulations for boron include Europe, Canada and Minnesota. Specifically, Europe has a boron limit of 1 part per million, Canada has a boron limit of 5 parts-per-million and Minnesota has a boron limit of 5 parts-per-million.
Treatment options for reducing boron concentration in drinking water include reverse osmosis and ion exchange processes. Several types of ion exchange resin are employed for boron removal, including: (1) the use of a boron specific resin consisting of a styrene-DVB backbone with N-methyl glucamine active sites; and (2) the use of a mixture of conventional strong-acid-strong-base mixed bed resins. One drawback of ion exchange processes is that the conventional resins remove all other ions (in addition to boron ions), thereby necessitating frequent regeneration with acid and caustic. Another drawback concerns the high cost of ion exchange processes.
Due to the above-identified drawbacks associated with ion exchange processes, reverse osmosis is the most frequently used treatment option for reducing boron concentration in sea and brackish waters. However, conventional seawater reverse osmosis systems do not meet the stringent provisional WHO boron limit of 0.5 parts-per-million. In fact, typical seawater reverse osmosis systems produce permeate with boron concentrations in the range of about 1.0 parts-per-million to about 1.2 parts-per-million. Moreover, boron concentrations levels tend to increase as the reverse osmosis membranes age.
Referring to FIGS. 1A (prior art) and 1B (prior art), most seawater reverse osmosis systems include a spiral wound membrane construction comprising a series of spiral wound elements 10 constructed with polyamide salt-rejecting membranes. Spiral wound element 10 comprises permeate tube 15, spacer 20, permeate carriers 25 and polyamide membranes 30. Pores within polyamide membranes 30 are constructed to reject ionic species such as sodium and chloride, while permitting water molecules to pass. Such seawater reverse osmosis systems are generally operated at pressures between 800 and 1000 psig, depending upon the salinity of the feed water and the precise manufacturing process. Water flux typically ranges from about 7 to 12 gallons per day per square foot of membrane surface area. Spiral wound elements 10 are expected to last at least three years before replacement.
Reverse osmosis systems are employed by many municipalities to produce drinking water from brackish water and seawater. In addition, some wastewater districts use reverse osmosis to reclaim wastewater for agricultural use or to prevent seawater intrusion into groundwater supplies. Reverse osmosis systems are also widely used by many industries to produce water with reduced levels of total dissolved solids. For example, reverse osmosis is used in the power industry for boiler makeup, in the electronics industry as a rinse for electrical components, in the chemical industry as a solvent and for rinsing, in the pharmaceutical industry for USP grade water production, in the mining industry for metals extraction, in the beverage industry for soft drink preparation, in the plating industry for plating bath preparation, and in the pulp and paper industry for paper manufacture.
Seawater reverse osmosis systems such as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,709,590 may be constructed in multiple-pass arrays in order to meet the WHO's proposed boron limit. However, water costs for multi-pass seawater reverse osmosis systems are significantly higher than that of water costs for single-pass seawater reverse osmosis systems that do not meet the strict boron limit proposed by the WHO. In addition, some multiple-pass systems are augmented with boron-specific ion exchange resin for the purpose of converting non-ionized boric acid to negatively charged borate ion, which is more highly rejected.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,264,936 discloses the use of various organic biocidal chemicals including poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) for coating materials such as polysulfone and nylon sheets. However, this patent is not directed to the use of PHMB and other chemicals as a coating for membranes of a reverse osmosis membranes system to enhance boron rejection.
In view of the above, there exists a need for a single-pass reverse osmosis system capable of reducing the boron concentration in normal seawater to a level below 0.5 parts-per-million.
There also exists a need for a single-pass reverse osmosis system having membranes coated with chemicals such as PHMB to increase boron rejection capabilities.
Additionally, there exists a need for a single-pass reverse osmosis system having membranes coated with biocidal chemicals such as PHMB to reduce biofouling of reverse osmosis membrane surfaces.
There further exists a need for a single-pass reverse osmosis system that is less expensive than conventional ion exchange processes and multiple-pass reverse osmosis systems to reduce the cost of desalting seawater and brackish water.

Method of treating reverse osmosis membranes for boron rejection enhancement


Disclosed herein is a remote controller apparatus including: preset holding means for holding, per preset code, preset information representative of correspondence between buttons of a plurality of trial-targeted remote controllers on the one hand, and an output signal given when each of the buttons is pushed on the other hand; evaluation value creating means for counting, out of the preset information held in the preset holding means, the number of preset codes of which the output signal is the same for each of the pushed buttons, before setting the largest count as an evaluation value of the button in question; and button presenting means for presenting as a trial button the button of which the evaluation value is the smallest.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a learning remote controller learning system. More particularly, the invention relates to a remote controller learning apparatus for presetting a learning remote controller to learn signals to be output, a learning remote controller, a remote controller learning system including a learning remote controller and a remote controller learning apparatus, processing methods for use with these pieces of equipment, and programs for causing a computer to execute these methods.
2. Description of the Related Art
In recent years, growing numbers and types of electronic apparatuses have been developed for remote control by their remote controllers typically using infrared ray signals. These remote controllers are given different functions depending on the type of the equipment they control and on the manufacturer of the equipment. It follows that each electronic apparatus needs to be furnished with a dedicated remote controller.
Against this background, learning remote controllers have been proposed such as one disclosed by Japanese Patent Laid-open No. Hei 7-240977 (FIG. 6). The learning remote controller typically acquires functions equivalent to those of another particular remote controller when preset signal patterns being output by the latter.

Learning remote controller, remote controller learning apparatus, learning remote controller learning system, and processing methods and programs for use therewith


A method of operating a communications network is disclosed. Modern communications networks produce vast amounts of network operational data which have the potential to provide a useful summary of the operational state of the network. Whilst processes such as clustering are known for arranging the vast amount of data into groups, the clusters themselves do not provide data which might be easily interpreted by network elements or administrators. Network operational data often comprises a plurality of data items, each of which gives a value for each of a set of attributes. By processing a cluster to identify attributes in the cluster whose values vary less in the cluster then they vary outside of the cluster, and then generating a cluster description which is based on a measure of the central tendency of the values of those attribute in the cluster, an easily interpretable general description of the data items in the cluster is provided. The easily interpretable general description of the cluster can then be used to relatively identify data items similar to those present in the cluster (e.g. from a larger database of data items), and elements in the network can then act autonomously on the basis of the cluster description to control the operation of the communications network.

The present invention relates to the operation of a communications network.
The number and variety of individual communications handled by a modern communications network is vast. In addition to carrying user communications, modern communication networks store and transmit a great deal of management traffic which relates to the operation of the network. Because there are a myriad of management functions which need to be performed in a modern communications network, and since those functions are in practice performed by equipment provided by various equipment manufacturers at various times over the past several decades, it is difficult in practice to present a network administrator with a useful overview of the state of the network on the basis of the management traffic in the network.
Extracting knowledge from large amounts of data is the goal of data mining. Clustering is a data mining technique, but whilst clusters tend to form based on some pattern in the data, clustering algorithms commonly produce sets of points as clusters, rather than representing knowledge as a readily understandable pattern. There have been some attempts to alleviate this problem. The paper 'Turning Clusters into Patterns: Rectangle-based Discriminative Data Description', presented by Byron J. Gao and Martin Ester in the proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Data Mining, 2006 discusses the use of rectangle-based expressions (essentially a set of ranges of quantitative values of each of a plurality of dimensions, each data item having values for each dimension) to describe the set of points within a cluster. Because such descriptions are interpretable they can also be used as search expressions to retrieve the contents of the cluster from the dataset from which the cluster was derived.
US Patent application 2008/0162533 discusses the use of clustering to organise search results, followed by partitioning of some or all of the produced clusters around a boundary value of one of the attributes found in each result to produce groups. The patent application proposes that clusters should be provided with both a name and a description. That patent application states that the cluster description is essentially a query which reproduces the cluster from the original data, but makes no suggestion as to how such a description might be derived. The name of a group might be a term which is found in at least a majority of the data units in a group, or a name which is associated with a shared property of the data units. The name is chosen such that, for each group, most of the represented items have an attribute value that maps to the assigned name and most items not in the given group do not have an attribute value that maps to the assigned name.
A paper entitled 'Internet Traffic Behaviour Profiling for Network Security Monitoring', presented in the IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, vol. 14, no. 6, pp1241-1252, and a broadly similar U.S. Pat. No. 8,028,337 from the same authors (Kuai Xu, Zhi-Li Zhang, and Supratik Bhattacharyya), teaches a method of building behaviour profiles of Internet backbone traffic. The method uses data mining and entropy-based techniques to generate behaviour classes, each of which includes a set of specific structural models which provides a compact representation of the behaviour class.
According to the present invention, there is provided a method of operating a communications network comprising:
accessing a plurality of network operational data items arranged into groups, each of said groups comprising a plurality of network operational data items, each of said network operational data items having a value for each of a plurality of attributes, and
for each group:
i) for each of said attributes:                a) calculating a measure of central tendency of the values of said attribute; and        b) calculating a measure of the variability of the values of said attribute;
ii) identifying one or more attributes having values with a variability lower than a predetermined threshold; and
iii) generating a description of the group based on the measure of central tendency found for the one or more identified attributes.
By operating a communications network to:
access a plurality of network operational data items arranged into groups, each of said groups comprising a plurality of network operational data items, each of said network operational data items having a value for each of a plurality of attributes, and
for each group:
i) for each of said attributes:                a) calculating a measure of central tendency of the values of said attribute; and        b) calculating a measure of the variability of the values of said attribute;
ii) identifying one or more attributes having values with a variability lower than a predetermined threshold; and
iii) generating a description of the group based on the measure of central tendency found for the one or more identified attributes.
a method of operating a communications network is provided which automatically generates a succinct description of the state of the communications network based on network operational data items generated within the network. Such a description can be used to control subsequent automatic management of entities in the communications network, for example.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises automatically generating a query from said description, and executing the query on a database of network operational data items. This has the advantage that the grouping process (which can place great demands on computational resource) can be carried out on a manageable amount of network operational data to provide a description of subsets of that manageable amount of network operational data. The query generated from a subset of interest can then be applied to a much greater amount of network operational data (such data is often produced and stored in vast quantities) to reveal network operational data items of interest using a process which uses far less computational resource than would be required were the grouping process to be run on the vast amount of network operational data directly.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises obtaining, in relation to one or more of said attributes, a data type indication indicating the type of data values provided for that attribute, said measure of central tendency and attribute variability calculations depending upon said data type indication.
By calculating said attribute average and attribute variability measures in a manner which depends upon the type of data values provided in association with a given attribute, attribute variability measures which can be usefully compared across attributes of different types are calculated, leading to a labelling of the groups of network data items which more accurately reflects the operation of the network.

BRITISH TELECOMMUNICATIONS public limited company


The present invention relates to acoustical panels. As to provide a cabin panel to be made as simple as possible and with optimized acoustical properties, an acoustical cabin panel (10) is provided that comprises a first (12) and a second layer (14) which are spaced apart from each other by an intermediate layer (16) and altogether with a plurality of reinforcement elements (22) form a core composite component (24). Furthermore, the panel comprises at least one intermediate layer (18) made of a core material (20) which is arranged in the intermediate layer. The reinforcement elements extend from the first to the second layer through the at least one intermediate film and are tension and pressure resilient in a finished state of the panel. The reinforcement elements can be at least partially infiltrated with a curable matrix material and at least one prepreg (26) soaked with matrix material is provided in the first and/or second layer. Thereby, the reinforcement elements to be infiltrated with matrix material are connected to the prepreg.

In addition, other objects, desirable features and characteristics will become apparent from the subsequent summary and detailed description, and the appended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and this background.
Cabin areas, for example in an aircraft or other vehicles, are often designed with an interior trim paneling or interior lining which are located in front of a supporting structure, for example. For example, the trim paneling comprises a plurality of cabin panels. In addition to the purpose of limiting the cabin area cabin panels can also be used to improve the acoustic room characteristics. For example, cabin panels with acoustical dampening structures are designed, e.g. sandwich constructions with a honeycomb core plate as the core layer and acoustical dampening surface layers. However, it has become evident that the honeycomb core structures must be converted in a complex manner for adapting to the different room types, which in turn will also have an effect on the acoustical properties. In the document DE 10 2005 024408 A1 the reinforcement of foam materials is described. A rigid foam is placed between two surface layers which can be fastened to each other by implementation of a sewing method. The fiber bundles used for sewing and stitching are filled with a matrix material, for example the fiber bundles are infiltrated with a resin. However, it has become evident that the infiltration with resin is costly.