An integrally molded, multi-part athletic protector with a rigid upper core cup, a semi-rigid lower scrotal bridge joined to the lower edge of the rigid core cup and adapted for both longitudinal and lateral flexion, and a flexible marginal cushion lining the interior surfaces of the core cup and scrotal bridge with a rolled peripheral edge contoured to the user's body.

This invention relates to an athletic cup. More specifically, this invention relates to a multi-part, molded athletic cup with regions of flexure to enhance wearing comfort.
Devices for the protection of the male groin region are extensively utilized in athletics. In athletic competition, particularly body contact sports such as football, baseball, hockey, soccer and the like, protective devices are worn by the players to avoid injury due to inadvertent blows to the groin area. The most common protective device includes a rigid cup supported by a fabric athletic supporter or compression shorts. Protective cups of this character are usually formed from a plastic material, such as polypropylene or polyethylene, which is sufficiently rigid to retain its shape even when struck a relatively severe blow.
Historically, protective cups have been provided with a resilient padding around their periphery both for the comfort of the wearer and, in some measure, to absorb the impact of a blow to the cup. The resilient padding is usually formed from a soft, flexible foam-like material, such as foam rubber or polyurethane foam, and is usually provided in the form of a limited elongated strip manually attached to the peripheral edge of the cup with the aid of an adhesive. Such conventionally padded cups suffer a number of disadvantages and limitations. For instance, the pad attachment procedure is both time consuming and costly, and the bond between the padding and the protective cup is often deficient. Separation of the padding and the protective cup typically occurs during repeated use of the protector when the padding is peeling away from the restricted area of attachment to the cup. Furthermore, such known structures, in view of the restricted extent of the padding, offer only limited impact absorption protection. Consequently, upon impact a significant portion of the blow is transferred to the body of the wearer. Examples of athletic protector cups incorporating such conventional peripheral padding are provided in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,283,684; 3,782,375; 4,453,541 and 4,134,400.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,257,414 discloses an athletic protector cup having a resilient peripheral binding molded to a peripheral cup flange. The molded binding structure disclosed in this patent provides some benefits vis-à-vis the aforementioned conventional padded cup structures. For instance, molding provides a more efficient and cost-effective means of attachment than a conventional adhesive foam strip. Furthermore, the disclosed binding is contoured to have a relatively thick outwardly-extending body portion for providing improved comfort to the wearer and improved impact absorption. However, the athletic cup structure disclosed in this patent has some significant drawbacks and limitations. For instance, to prevent separation of the molded binding from the cup over time, the cup must be manufactured having a series of perforations along the flange. In other words, to achieve adequate attachment of the binding to the cup flange, the binding material is required to flow through relatively small perforations during assembly. This is necessary to provide interlocks integrally connecting the portions of the binding lying on opposite sides of the flange. Furthermore, the relative increase in impact resistance provided by the disclosed flange geometry leaves significant room for improvement. This is because only a limited area of hard-shell is covered by soft binding. Additionally, the disclosed binding surface geometry of the outwardly extending body portion includes sharp edges which could result in chafing during frictional contact with the wearer's body.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,319,219 solves some of the foregoing shortcomings of the prior art by providing a hard-shell base cup overmolded exteriorly with a resilient material to cushion the marginal edges of the cup itself. The exterior layer wraps around the edges of the base cup to form an interlocking lip to capture the base cup and may project outwardly on the longitudinal sides of the cup to form cushioning side flanges to contact the user's body.
In spite of the past efforts to achieve a more comfortable athletic protector by providing cushioning material to the cup margins, the prior art devices remain characterized as irritating, chafing, ill fitting, and limiting to the body's natural range of motions in the lower groin area. It is believed that the design flaws inherent in the prior art devices which result in irritation, chafing, discomfort and range of motion limitation are caused by lack of longitudinal and lateral flexure of the protector, particularly in the lower groin area.
Therefore, a need remains in the field of competitive sports for a more comfortable, less irritating athletic cup which permits greater flexibility and range of motion for the user engaged in contact sports activities that require running, jogging, cross-over leg movements, bending and squatting. The primary objective of this invention is to meet this need.


A method, system, and apparatus is provided for interference calibration. A second mobile terminal may be configured to send timing information to a network interface in an uplink channel of a second communication system. The network interface may be configured to communicate with a first mobile terminal in a downlink channel in a first communication system; estimate the uplink channel using the timing information to form a channel estimation; and adjust the downlink channel to the first mobile terminal using the channel estimation.

Beamforming and Interference alignment (IA) are techniques for interference suppression. Beamforming is a signal processing technique used in sensor arrays for directional signal transmission or reception. This is achieved by combining elements in the array in such a way that signals at particular angles experience constructive interference while others experience destructive interference. Beamforming can be used at both the transmitting and receiving ends in order to achieve spatial selectivity. The improvement compared with omnidirectional reception/transmission is known as the receive/transmit gain (or loss).
Interference alignment (IA) for wireless networks is a technique for increasing the multiplexing gain on the interference channel. It consists in forcing interfering signals at each receiver into a reduced-dimensional subspace of the received space, so that the receivers can observe an interference-free desired signal. The considered space may be an actual space (time, frequency, physical path) or structural space of the signal.
Beamforming at transmitter needs to know downlink channel. This is normally done by a communication between the transmitter and receiver.
Additionally, Uplink-Downlink channels still require frequent calibration due to drift in front-end electronics. This required low-rate feedback of the CSI between TX/RX pairs. While it is possible to calibrate corresponding TX/RX pairs, it is not possible to calibrate crosslinks between interfering pairs that are not communicating pairs in an interference channel.

Macro-femto inter-cell interference mitigation


A flat panel display includes a display panel comprising a display area and a non-display area which is disposed on a outside of the display area and has at least one recess on one end side thereof; a driving substrate disposed on a rear surface of the display panel; and at least one connection member connected to the display panel and the driving substrate through at least one recess.

Field
This document relates to a narrow bezel flat panel display, and more particularly to a narrow bezel flat panel display where a space in which a connection member disposed along one end of a thin film transistor substrate is removed.
Related Art
There have been rapid developments in display devices, which include flat panel display devices (FPDs), which are thin and light, and capable of being manufactured to be large-area flat panel displays, and are used to replace a cathode ray tube (CRT) having bulky volume. Examples of the FPD include a liquid crystal display device (LCD), a plasma display panel (PDP), an organic light emitting display device (OLED), an electrophoretic display device (EPD), and the like, among which the LCD displays images by controlling electric fields applied to liquid crystal molecules according to a data voltage. An active matrix type LCD, which may be manufactured with low costs and high performance achieved by the development of processing and operating technologies, is most widely used in applications of almost all display devices ranging from small mobile devices to large televisions.
Recently, with an increasing demand for a flat panel display and with the development of the flat panel display technology, there have been various demands regarding external designs of the LCD from an aesthetic point of view, including an increasing demand for a flat panel display with a reduced bezel area.
As a way of reducing a bezel area, a printed circuit board (PCB) may be disposed on the rear surface of a display panel to thereby reduce a non-display area of the display panel. Hereinafter, a structure of a general liquid crystal display is described by reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. FIGS. 1 and 2 are diagrams illustrating a structure of a general liquid crystal display.
As illustrated by FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, a general LCD includes a display panel LCP, a backlight unit BLU that emits light to the display panel LCP, and a driving unit that drives the display panel LCP.
The display panel LCP includes a thin film transistor substrate TFS on which a display area AA and a non-display area NA are defined, a color film substrate CFS that is disposed on an upper surface of the AA, and a liquid crystal cell LC that is interposed between the thin film transistor substrate TFS and the color film substrate CFS as illustrated by FIG. 2.
A color filter having a pattern of red, green, and blue, or having a pattern of red, green, blue, and white is formed on the color filter substrate CFS. In addition, a black matrix may be further formed thereon.
A plurality of gate lines that are arranged in one direction and a plurality of data lines that are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the gate lines are formed on the thin film transistor substrate TFS. Further, a plurality of pixel electrodes are arranged in a matrix form in a pixel area defined by the intersection of the gate lines and the data lines. A plurality of thin film transistors that are switched according to a signal of the gate lines to transmit a signal of the data lines to each pixel electrode are formed.
A liquid crystal cell LC is driven by a voltage difference between a pixel electrode that charges a data voltage through a thin film transistor and a common electrode to which a common voltage is applied. The common electrode may be formed on the color filter substrate CFS or on the thin film transistor substrate TFS depending on the types of a liquid crystal display.
In order to enable the display panel LCP to perform an optical function, a top polarizer TPOL may be formed on the front surface of the color filter substrate CFS, and a bottom polarizer BPOL may be formed on the rear surface of the thin film transistor substrate TFS. The top polarizer TPOL and the bottom polarizer BPOL are disposed such that light transmission axes thereof cross orthogonal to each other.
The backlight unit BLU is disposed on the rear surface of the display panel LCP, and includes a light source LA that generates light and a light guide plate LG that guides light from the light source LA to the display panel LCP. A reflection sheet REF is disposed on the rear surface of the light guide plate LG, and an optical sheet is disposed on the front surface of the light guide plate LG. The optical sheet OPT may include a diffusion sheet, a prism sheet, or a protective sheet.
A cover bottom CB is disposed on the bottom of the display panel LCP and the backlight unit BLU. The cover bottom CB needs to be formed in a manner that protects and supports the display panel LCP and the backlight unit BLU.
A driving unit that drives the display panel LCP is provided on at least one end side of the thin film transistor substrate TFS. As illustrated by FIG. 1, the driving unit includes a printed circuit board PCB to drive the display panel LCP, and a drive integrated circuit DIC that is electrically connected to the printed circuit board PCB to supply signals to the display panel LCP. The DIC supplies signals to the gate lines or the data lines through a pad unit formed in the non-display area NA of the thin film transistor substrate TFS. The DIC is mounted on the connection member TP. For example, the connection member TP may be a Tape Carrier Package (TCP), in which one side of the connection member TP is connected to the thin film transistor substrate TFS by Tape Automated Bonding (TAB), and the other side thereof is connected to the PCB.
As such, the driving unit and the LCP are formed separately and electrically connected to each other using the connection member (TP). For this configuration, an additional area where the connection member (TP) is able to be mounted is needed. Such an area increases a non-display area (AA), thereby increasing a bezel area.
For the narrow bezel structure, the printed circuit board PCB is disposed on the rear surface of the thin film transistor substrate TFS. As illustrated in FIG. 2, the PCB may be disposed on the bottom of the cover bottom CB. At this point, a case top CTOP is disposed to cover a edge of the color filter substrate CFS, the non-display area NA of the thin film transistor substrate TFS, and the driving unit.
Even in this case, there is limitation in reducing a bezel area by a connection member TP that connects the thin film transistor substrate TFS and the print circuit board PCB. Specifically, the connection member TP is disposed in a manner of bending along the circumference of an end side of the thin film transistor substrate TFS, and thus, there should be a predetermined distance C between the connection member TP and the thin film transistor substrate TFS. In addition, to prevent damage of the connection member TP having ductility properties, there should be a predetermined distance E between the connection member TP and the case top CTOP. Thus, the general liquid crystal display has a limitation in reducing a bezel area. The bezel area degrades the aesthetic quality of a liquid crystal display, so efforts for reducing the bezel area are needed.


A co-layer surface-adhesive rule (SAR) that has a pre-defined cross-section profile. The co-layer surface-adhesive rule (SAR) has two or more layers, wherein at least one layer is made from flexible material and wherein at least two layers differ one from the other.

The rapid evolution of trade around the world (globalization) creates a significant demand for packaging in order to transfer/distribute goods to different remote areas. The transport of goods may be done by: ship, airplanes, trucks, and so on. The transport of goods may be performed by: the manufacturer; different suppliers; individual persons; etc. Further, a significant demand for different brochures, flyers, etc., also takes part in trade. The different brochures/flyers may have pre-folds and/or embossing, for example. Embossing such as, but not limited to Braille writing.
Packaging takes a major role in the marketing today. The package in which the goods are packed and presented, in a store for example, may determine if the goods will be appealing to a potential buyer in the store or not. Thus the packaging appearance can have a direct effect on the sales of merchandise. The brochures, flyers, and so on may also contribute to the sales/awareness to a product/service etc.
Henceforth, throughout the description, drawings and claims of the present disclosure, the terms package, paperboard box, parcel, box, carton box, cardboard box, brochure, flyers, etc. may be used interchangeably. The present disclosure may use the term package as a representative term for the above group.
A known preliminary requirement, in order to construct a package, is preparing or purchasing a pre-treated cardboard and/or paper based material. Paper based material may be of different types. Exemplary types may be: waxed paper, cartridge paper, art paper, etc. Henceforth, throughout the description, drawings and claims of the present disclosure, the terms cardboard, card-stock, display board, corrugated fiberboard, paperboards of different paper based material, folding boxboard, carton, blanks, and so on, may be used interchangeably. The present disclosure may use the term cardboard as a representative term for the above group.
The pre-treatment of a cardboard may include the following acts: creating folding lines along the cardboard to ease and provide accurate folding of the cardboard; piercing the cardboard in different areas; creating embossment in different areas of the cardboard; cutting the raw cardboard into predefined shapes; and so on. Henceforth, the description, drawings and claims of the present disclosure the terms pre-folded cardboard, and pre-treated cardboard may be used interchangeably. The present disclosure may use the term pre-treated cardboard as a representative term for the above group.
Some common techniques for preparing a pre-treated cardboard include the acts of placing the cardboard between dies. Known dies are: a steel-rule die and a counter-die. The steel-rule die may include a variety of different types of dies. Exemplary types of dies can be: a cutting-die; a creasing-die; an embossing-die; a scoring-die; a combination of the different types of dies; and so on. The steel-rule die body is usually a hard-wood-based material. Exemplary hard-wood-based material may be: plywood, maple wood, etc. Other exemplary material may be: plastic, metal, fabric, etc. The body material is required to have a high-dimension stability and a high-grade and be without voids or other imperfections.
Jammed deeply and firmly into a plurality of pre-made slots inside the steel-rule die's body is a plurality of steel-rules. The pre-made slots hold the steel-rules in place during the production of the steel-rule die. Further, the pre-made slots support the steel-rule during the operation of the cutting/creasing/embossing of numerous cardboards. The steel-rules are usually cut and bent blades made of hardened steel, for example. Usually, around the steel-rules, a plurality of ejection (rebound) rubbers need to be placed and glued. Without the ejection rubber the cardboard may tend to get stuck amongst the steel rules.
The counter-die comprises a body. The body is usually a hard-wood-based material. Other exemplary material may be: plastic, metal, fabric, etc. Commonly, a plurality of trenches is grooved in the counter-die. The trenches location and structure is required to fit precisely to the location and structure of the steel-rules of the steel-rule die.
Known common techniques of manufacturing steel-rule dies include the acts of: preparing slots in the die's body (the wood for example) for the steel-rules. This is commonly done by a station using laser or special bandsaw, for example. Next a specialist cuts and bends the steel rule and positions them into the slots in the body. The positioning requires hammering the steel-rules deeply into the slots. Adjustments of the height of the steel-rule protruding from the body of the die are usually required as well. A specialist will then need to glue a plurality of ejection rubbers around the steel-rules.
Known common techniques of manufacturing the counter-dies include several actions. For example, during the production of the counter-die one or more inexpensive material (inserts) may be associated to the counter-die's body. The inserts may be associated to the body by screws, nails, re-positional adhesive, etc. The inserts may be made of phenolic-resin, paper, fabric, for example. The inserts may comprise trenches in it. The inserts are positioned so that their grooves/trenches are aligned/centered with the corresponding steel-rules of the steel-rule die. The alignment/centering of the inserts is usually performed by a specialist.
A trial cutting/creasing/embossing operation can then be made between the steel-rule die and the counter-die, together with a sheet of paper-based material between them, for example. If the alignment/centering is not satisfactory, the specialist detaches the inserts from the counter die and re-positions them. If the alignment/centering is satisfactory, the specialist can groove trenches in the counter die's body precisely where the trenches of the insets were and detach the inserts from the body. In alternate embodiments, the inserts with the trenches may be left on the counter die's body and act as the trenches.

Method and system for creating co-layer surface adhesive rule


A machine, such as an electrically powered track type tractor, includes an engine configured to rotate a generator. A drive coupling has a first element fixed to rotate with the engine and a second element fixed to rotate with the generator. The first and second elements are configured to rotationally couple together for transmitting torque from the engine to the generator, but configured to allow relative slip between the first and second elements. The relative slip may occur during engine start up as rotational rates pass through a range associated with the excitation of resonance torsional vibrations. A centering ring has a radial outer surface in contact with the first element and a radial inner surface in contact with the second element. The centering ring assists in avoiding an off center drive coupling arrangement while electrically isolating the first element from the second element.

The combination of an internal combustion engine and a generator to produce electrical power has been known for many years. Relatively more recently, however, engine-driven generators have been used in electrically powered mobile machines to provide electrical power for propulsion and operation of other machine systems. In such strategies, rather than requiring relatively rapid ramp-up and down of engine output to accommodate changes in power demand, relatively more stable, smooth operation and transition across an engine power output range may be achieved. In other words, by powering some or all of the machine systems with electrical power provided by an on-board engine and generator system, combustion characteristics and overall engine operation can be more predictable and changes less rapidly. This allows wide and rapid swings in engine speed and load associated with changes in power demand on the system to be avoided. Where engine operation is more predictable, and changes in engine output more gradual, superior control over emissions and other factors such as fuel efficiency has been demonstrated as compared to traditional designs where an engine directly powered the machine propulsion system, hydraulics, etc.
In many machine systems where an engine directly drives a generator, vibrations and inertia associated with system operation can be transmitted between the engine and the generator. This can be particularly problematic where the generator inertia is fairly close to that of the engine. In some instances, resonance vibrations in the system can result in significant torque spikes within the system, at minimum wasting energy and roughening operation, and in certain instances even damaging components. While some system designs are sufficiently robust to withstand torque spikes when accelerating or decelerating through a speed range where resonance vibrations tend to occur, these systems can have other drawbacks, such as higher weight and cost.
One example of a machine having electrical power system is disclosed and co-owned U.S. Pat. No. 7,547,981. This reference teaches a drive coupling that allows some relative slip between rotation of the engine and rotation of the generator in order to accommodate resonance vibrations, such as those that might occur at engine start up. One potential problem associated with the machine of the '981 patent relates to the possibility of the drive coupling assembly not being properly centered. In such an instance, there is a potential for increased spring failure and wear, and increased bearing loading due to an eccentric relationship between the rotating engine and rotating generator.
The present disclosure is directed to one or more of the problems or shortcomings set forth above.

Machine having electrical power system and centered drive coupling for same


A method is provided for selecting a region of interest in an electronic document and displaying the selected region in a manner that is adapted to the capabilities of a display. The method may comprise such steps as loading a document, selecting a position within said document, analyzing the layout of the document in order to identify a region of interest containing said position, and displaying said region of interest on said display in a manner that aligns the region of interest with a window of said display. Also described is a device configured to perform the method and a computer program product including instructions for performing the method on a computing device.

Electronic documents such as web pages are often designed to be displayed on regular desktop computers with standard size displays. When such documents are displayed on other devices, e.g. handheld devices, mobile phones, television sets or gaming consoles, the size and layout of the display may not render the document in a manner that is convenient to the user. Various methods have been suggested in order to handle this. Such methods usually make modifications to the document before it is displayed in order to make the document fit on the screen. This typically involves removing content or layout that does not suit the size or inherent properties of the screen. A common problem with such solutions is that the page may be rendered unusable or that the user does not recognize the document or has difficulties navigating within the document.
Other approaches involve resizing or moving parts of the document, such as reducing image sizes, reducing the number of columns by changing the layout of the document, and changing colors, contrasts, brightness and font sizes.

Method and device for selecting and displaying a region of interest in an electronic document


An improved handheld electronic device is provided with a display and a unique edge to edge qwerty keypad. The specially arranged qwerty keypad has special side keys and intermediate keys which cooperate with the housing to provide a waterproof casing (case) and sealing system to seal and protect the keys, backlighting, flexes, domes and printed circuit board (PCB) from water.

1. Field of the Disclosure
The disclosure relates in general to electronic devices, and more particularly, to mobile electronic devices, such as a mobile telephone, with an electronic display and a keypad.
2. Background Art
Mobile phones and other electronic devices are very useful for: telephone calls; internet usage; e-mailing; texting; downloading; photography; video conferencing; surfing and searching the world wide web; retrieving, storing and viewing information; social networking; calculating; computing, playing games, etc.
It is desirable for a qwerty keypad to extend from edge to edge for some phone form factors. This maximizes the size of the keypad and makes it as useable as possible.
Dome location, dome seal and keypad retention features on conventional cell phone do no allow the keypad to extend to the edges of the phone for qwerty keypads. While some conventional phones with bell keypads have been able to extend the keypads to the edges of the phone, such conventional phones have only three domes instead of more than 10 domes for a qwerty keypad.
Most electronic devices will fail, short out, or otherwise become ineffective or less effective, upon exposure to too much moisture, such as heavy rain, sleet, snow, or from swimming or being submerged in water, such as accidentally dropping the phone in toilets, puddles, swimming pools, basins or sinks.
Over the years various attempts have been made to seal keypads, keys, buttons and other features of electronic devices. These attempts have met with varying degrees of success. However, most conventional prior sealing designs and systems do not effectively seal and waterproof the side keys of an electronic device. There is a need to waterproof keys and switches of the mobile phones and other electronic devices into the interior of the electronic device so that the electronic device can function and operate in its intended manner when exposed to moisture.
It is, therefore, desirable to provide an improved handheld electronic device which overcomes most, if not all, of the preceding problems.

Edge to edge qwerty keypad for a handheld device


A multilayered printed matter includes print layers (pattern layers) formed on a medium and having patterns printed thereon, and a concealing layer interposed between the print layers. The concealing layer conceals the pattern printed on one of the pattern layers not to affect the pattern of the other pattern layer. The concealing layer is formed on a back side relative to the other pattern layer. The print layers between the medium and one of the print layers on the back side of the other pattern layer (back-side print layers) respectively have recessed parts recessed into their surfaces toward the back side. The back-side print layer between the other pattern layer and the medium has a protruding part to fill one of the recessed parts and thereby planarize a surface of the back-side print layer. Hence achieving improved appearance and visual quality of the multilayered printed matter.

There are known transparent or semitransparent sheets having patterns printed on both of their front and back surfaces (see, for example, JP 2009-128734 A). When the sheet described in JP 2009-128734 A is receiving light from a front-surface side, with no light from a light source disposed on a back-surface side, it is mostly the pattern printed on the front surface of this sheet that is visually recognized from the front-surface side. On the other hand, when this sheet is being exposed to light radiated from the light source on the back-surface side, with light coming from the front-surface side being substantially blocked, the pattern printed on the back surface may be visible from the front-surface side under light radiated from the light source. Then, the pattern may be more easily caught by the eye from the front side than when observed without light from the light source on the back-surface side.
In the sheet described in JP 2009-128734 A irradiated with light from the front-surface side, the pattern printed on the back surface may possibly be caught by the eye from the front-surface side, even without any light from the light source on the back-surface side. To address this identified issue of the known art, a multilayered printed matter including a plurality of print layers formed on a medium; two pattern layers having patterns printed thereon, and concealing layers formed between the two pattern layers so as to conceal the pattern on one of the pattern layers not to affect the pattern on the other pattern layer.
The multilayered printed matter includes, for example, a medium 102 such as an acrylic board, and four print layers 103 to 106 formed on the medium 102, as illustrated in FIG. 8. The print layers 106, 105, 104, and 103 are stacked on one another upward in the mentioned order on a surface of the medium 102. The print layers 103 to 106 are formed one by one by ejecting and curing UV-curable inks. The print layers 103 and 106 are pattern layers, and the print layers 104 and 105 are concealing layers. Thus, this printed matter has a two-layered concealing structure.
In this multilayered printed matter, the print layer 106 printed on one surface of the medium 102, which is a pattern layer, may have a part(s) lacking effective pixels and/or a thinner part(s) printed at a lower concentration. Then, a recessed part 106a recessed into a surface of the print layer 106 toward the medium 102 may be formed in part of the print layer 106 lacking effective pixels or printed at a lower concentration. The recessed part 106a may be filled with ink in part of the print layer 105. As a result of the recessed part 106a being filled with ink in part of the print layer 105, a recessed part 105a recessed into a surface of the print layer 105 toward the medium 102 may be formed in the print layer 105. The recessed part 105a may be filled with ink in part of the print layer 104. As a result of the recessed part 105a being filled with ink in part of the print layer 104, a recessed part 104a recessed into a surface of the print layer 104 toward the medium 102 may be formed in the print layer 104. The recessed part 104a may be filled with ink in part of the print layer 103.
As a result of the recessed part 104a being filled with ink in part of the print layer 103, a recessed part 103a recessed into a surface of the print layer 103 toward the medium 102 may be formed at a position(s) irrelevant to a pattern printed on the print layer 103. In case the recessed part 103a is formed at a position(s) irrelevant to a pattern printed on the print layer 103 on the surface of the print layer 103 constituting an outermost surface of the multilayered printed matter, the printed matter may look less attractive and degrade in visual quality. Thus, an issue identified with such a multilayered printed matter that includes, as the print layers, two pattern layers and concealing layers formed between the pattern layers, is that multilayered printed matters thus structured may be likely to degrade in appearance and visual quality.
In some multilayered printed matters, the print layer 105, which is part of the concealing layers, may lack effective pixels and accordingly have a recessed part(s). In that case, a recessed part(s) recessed into the surface of the print layer 103 toward the medium 102 may be formed at a position(s) on the print layer 103 irrelevant to the pattern printed thereon. Then, the obtained multilayered printed matter may likewise degrade in appearance and visual quality.


In an antenna to be used for UWB communication, a taper slot is formed in a rectangular conductive plate, a vertical slit for separating the conductive pate is formed at the top of the taper slot, a feeding point part and a grounding point part are formed at the conductive plate and on both sides of the vertical slit, and the lower slits are formed on the oblique sides of the taper slot near the feeding point part and the grounding point part.

The present invention relates to a small-size and wide-band antenna, especially to an antenna applicable to an UWB (Ultra Wide Band) communication devise based on the next-generation and very high-speed communication method.
UWB (Ultra Wide Band) is based on the wireless communication technology enabling very high-speed communication faster than optical fibers, and expected as a prospective communication means alternative to Blue Tooth™ using 2.4 GHz band and the existing wireless LAN, IEEE802.1a using 5 GHz band.
UWB is a multi-band communication method using a wide frequency band from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz for establishing a very high-speed communication for 100 Mbps to 1 Gbps. The antennas used for UWB are required to have a wideband characteristic different from the previous ones.
According to UWB Standard activities, the bandwidth between 3 GHz and 5 GHz is almost determined to be used for the first-generation UWB communication.
As for the conventional antenna for UWB communication, the Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 150804 (2005) discloses such an antenna structure as the conductive element shaped in a home base is provided between the dielectric materials and the top part of the conductive element shaped in a home base is connected to the ground via a power supply. Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 343424 (2004) discloses the modification of Sierpinski antenna, and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 94499 (2005) discloses the modification of a patch antenna.


The disclosed hydrophobic adhesive composition comprises a hydrophobic adhesive matrix and water absorbent fibers dispersed throughout the adhesive matrix to provide water management capabilities to the adhesive composition. The disclosed adhesive composition can adhered to a variety of surfaces, such as skin, and will easily remove from the surface. Therefore, the disclosed adhesive is particularly well suitable for application to skin wherein the absorbent fiber can absorb perspiration, water, or wound fluid from skin.

The present disclosure relates to a hydrophobic adhesive with absorption capabilities. In particular, the present disclosure relates to a hydrophobic adhesive comprising a water absorbent fiber dispersed in the adhesive.
Silicone adhesives are useful for medical tapes and dressings because the silicone adhesive can provide adhesion while gently removing from the skin without causing trauma or stripping skin cells or hair. The skin and especially a wound may produce moisture. Silicone adhesives are generally very hydrophobic and do not allow for fluid absorption or fluid passage. Therefore, moisture from the skin can weaken the adhesive bonding to skin and cause the adhesive to lift from the skin.
Complicated tape and dressing designs have been created to allow for fluid passage. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,540,922, discloses a silicone adhesive on a supporting film, wherein the silicone adhesive and supporting film are perforated to allow for fluid passage. However, a perforated silicone and film system is not ideal for all applications because incomplete surface coverage of the adhesive from perforations reduces the adhesion and securement ability of the adhesive.
Other designs have been created that manipulate the adhesive composition. For example, a hydrophilic silicone could be blended with a hydrophobic silicone to improve moisture absorption, see for example U.S. Pat. No. 7,842,752. In other designs, incorporation of absorbent particles into a hydrophobic adhesive can help with increasing absorbency. However, for either the ability of the adhesive system to absorb water is limited.

Hydrophobic adhesive with absorbent fibers


A method of detecting the onset of a ransomware attack is presented. In an example embodiment, file backup metadata for each of a plurality of computing devices is accessed and analyzed to detect anomalous file backup activity of individual ones of the computing devices. A determination is made as to whether the detected anomalous file backup activity of at least some of the computing devices is correlated in time. File description metadata for each of the computing devices is also accessed and analyzed to identify files in the computing devices that are anomalous to other files in the computing devices. A determination whether a ransomware attack has begun is based on a determination that the detected anomalous file backup activity of at least some of the computing devices is correlated in time, as well as on the identified anomalous files.

The development and use of "ransomware" represents an emerging and widespread threat to computer data security, Generally, ransomware is a type of "malware" (malicious software) that, when executed on a computing device (e.g., a desktop or laptop computer), blocks the user of the device from accessing data stored thereon. Typically, the instigator of a ransomware attack will only allow the user to access the data after some sort of ransom (e.g., a payment in digital currency) is paid. In some examples, the user's access to the files is blocked by way of encrypting the files with a secret cryptographic key. In such cases, the files are decrypted, thus restoring the user's access to the files, only after the demanded ransom is paid.


An array substrate for in-plane switching (IPS) mode liquid crystal display (LCD) device includes a pixel electrode having an extension portion, a vertical portion and a horizontal portion, the extension portion being extended from the drain electrode to the pixel region, the vertical portion being vertically extended from the extension portion and the horizontal portion being over the common line and being connected to the vertical portion. The device includes a common electrode having a plurality of vertical portions and a horizontal portion, the plurality of the vertical portions being vertically extended from the common line and arranged in an alternating pattern with the vertical portion of the pixel electrode, the horizontal portion connecting the plurality of the vertical portions into one. An auxiliary line is over the horizontal portion of the pixel electrode and being overlapped with the common line.

This application claims the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 2001-84259, filed on Dec. 24, 2001 in Korea, which is hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes as if fully set forth herein.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display (LCD) device and more particularly, to an array substrate for In-Plane Switching (IPS) mode liquid crystal display device and fabricating method for the same in order to realize a minute pixel.
2. Discussion of the Related Art
A typical liquid crystal display (LCD) device uses optical anisotropy and polarization properties of liquid crystal molecules. The liquid crystal molecules have a definite orientation order in alignment resulting from their thin and long shapes. The alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules can be controlled by supplying an electric field to the liquid crystal molecules. In other words, as the alignment direction of the electric field is changed, the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules also changes. Because incident light is refracted to the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules due to the optical anisotropy of the aligned liquid crystal molecules, image data is displayed.
Currently, active matrix LCDs, in which the thin film transistors and the pixel electrodes are arranged in the form of a matrix, are widely used because of their high resolution and superiority in displaying moving images. An array substrate for the related art in-plane switching (IPS) mode liquid crystal display (LCD) device and the fabricating method for the same will be described hereinafter.
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a pixel of an array substrate for a related art in-plane switching (IPS) mode liquid crystal display (LCD) device. As shown in the figure, a plurality of gate lines 12 and common lines 16 are horizontally formed on an array substrate 10 and they are spaced apart from each other. A plurality of data lines 24 is vertically formed on the array substrate 10 and cross the gate lines 12 and the common lines 16. The data line 24 defines a pixel xe2x80x9cPxe2x80x9d by crossing the gate line 12. A thin film transistor xe2x80x9cTxe2x80x9d is formed in a cross point of the gate line 12 and the data line 24. The thin film transistor xe2x80x9cTxe2x80x9d includes a gate electrode 14, an active layer 20, a source electrode 26 and a drain electrode 28. The active layer 20, the source electrode 26 and the drain electrode 28 are formed over the gate electrode 14. The gate electrode 14 communicates with the gate line 12 and the source electrode 26 communicates with the data line 24. A pixel electrode 30 that communicates with the drain electrode 28 and a common electrode 17 that is parallel with the pixel electrode 30 are formed in the pixel region xe2x80x9cPxe2x80x9d. The common electrode 17 communicates with the common line 16. The pixel electrode 30 includes an extension portion 30a, a vertical portion 30b and a horizontal portion 30c. The extension portion 30a of the pixel electrode 30 is extended from the drain electrode 28 and the vertical portion 30b of the pixel electrode 30 is vertically extended from the extension portion 30a. The horizontal portion 30c of the pixel electrode 30 is formed over the common line 16 and connected to the vertical portion 30b. The common electrode 17 includes a horizontal portion 17a and a plurality of vertical portions 17b. The plurality of vertical portions 17b of the common electrode 17 is arranged in an alternating order with the vertical portion 30b of the pixel electrode 30. The horizontal portion 17a of the common electrode 17 connects the plurality of the vertical portion 17b into one portion. An auxiliary storage capacitor xe2x80x9cCxe2x80x9d is formed in the pixel region xe2x80x9cPxe2x80x9d. The auxiliary storage capacitor xe2x80x9cCxe2x80x9d uses a portion of the common line 16 as a first storage electrode and the horizontal portion of the pixel electrode 30c as a second storage electrode.
FIGS. 2A to 2C are cross-sectional views taken along IIxe2x80x94II and IIIxe2x80x94III of FIG. 1 illustrating a fabrication process according to a fabrication sequence of the related art. In FIG. 2A, the gate line 12 of FIG. 1 including the gate electrode 14, the common line 16 and the common electrode 17 are formed on the substrate 10 by depositing and patterning conductive metal material such as aluminum (Al), aluminum neodymium (AlNd), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo) or tungsten (W), for example. A gate insulating layer 18 is then formed on the substrate 10 by depositing inorganic insulating material such as silicon nitride (SiNx) or silicon oxide (SiO2), for example. The active layer 20 and an ohmic contact layer 22 are formed on the gate insulating layer 18 by depositing and patterning amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) and doped amorphous silicon (n+a-Si:H or p+a-Si:H).
In FIG. 2B, the data line 24, the source electrode 26, the drain electrode 28 and the pixel electrode 30 are formed on the substrate 10 by depositing and patterning conductive metal material such as aluminum (Al), aluminum neodymium (AlNd), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo) or tungsten (W), for example. The data line 24 defines the pixel region xe2x80x9cPxe2x80x9d by crossing the gate line 12 and the common line 16. The source electrode 26 is formed by being extended from the data line 24 and partially overlapped with the active layer 20. The drain electrode 28 is spaced apart from the source electrode 26. The pixel electrode 30 comprises the extension portion 30a, the vertical portion 30b and the horizontal portion 30c. The horizontal portion 30b of the pixel electrode 30 is formed on the common line 16. The active layer 20 portion between the source electrode 26 and the drain electrode 28 is exposed by etching the ohmic contact layer 22 between the source electrode 26 and the drain electrode 28.
In FIG. 2C, a passivation layer 32 is formed on the substrate 10 by coating organic insulating material such as benzocyclobutene (BCB), for example, or by depositing inorganic insulating material such as silicon nitride (SiNx) or silicon oxide (SiO2), for example.
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of FIG. 1. A capacitor communicates with the thin film transistor xe2x80x9cTxe2x80x9d in series. The capacitor includes a liquid crystal capacitor (CLC) and a storage capacitor (CST), which is connected in parallel to the liquid crystal capacitor (CLC).
However, if the pixel structure stated above for the in-plane switching (IPS) mode liquid crystal display (LCD) device that drives a minute pixel, an area for the storage capacitor xe2x80x9cCxe2x80x9d is limited. Moreover, if the area for the storage capacitor xe2x80x9cCxe2x80x9d is designed to be larger in order to secure a capacitance of the storage capacitor xe2x80x9cCxe2x80x9d, an aperture ratio of the liquid crystal panel is decreased.
Accordingly, the present invention is directed to an array substrate for in-plane switching (IPS) mode liquid crystal display (LCD) device and method for fabricating the same that substantially obviates one or more of problems due to limitations and disadvantages of the related art.
An advantage of the present invention is to provide the array substrate for in-plane switching (IPS) mode liquid crystal display (LCD) device in order to secure enough auxiliary capacitance without enlarging an area of a storage capacitor xe2x80x9cCxe2x80x9d.
Another advantage of the present invention is to provide a fabricating method for the array substrate for in-plane switching (IPS) mode liquid crystal display (LCD) device in order to secure enough auxiliary capacitance without enlarging an area of a storage capacitor xe2x80x9cCxe2x80x9d.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
To achieve these and other advantages and in accordance with the purpose of the present invention, as embodied and broadly described, an array substrate for in-plane switching (IPS) mode liquid crystal display (LCD) device comprises a substrate having a plurality of pixel regions, a plurality of gate lines and a plurality of common lines in a horizontal direction, the common line being spaced apart from the gate line; a plurality of data lines crossing the gate line and the common line; a thin film transistor at a cross point of the gate line and the data line, the thin film transistor having a gate electrode, an active layer, a source electrode and a drain electrode; a pixel electrode having an extension portion, a vertical portion and a horizontal portion, the extension portion being extended from the drain electrode to the pixel region, the vertical portion being vertically extended from the extension portion and the horizontal portion being over the common line and being connected to the vertical portion; a common electrode having a plurality of vertical portions and a horizontal portion, the plurality of the vertical portions being vertically extended from the common line and arranged in an alternating pattern with the vertical portion of the pixel electrode, the horizontal portion connecting the plurality of the vertical portions into one portion, and an auxiliary line over the horizontal portion of the pixel electrode and being overlapped with the common line.
The array substrate further comprises a dummy line, referred to as a common guard ring, in a non-display area of the substrate that communicates with the auxiliary line in order to apply a common voltage to the auxiliary line. The gate line, the common line and the dummy line are formed one of aluminum (Al), aluminum alloy (Al alloy), tungsten (W), molybdenum (Mo), copper (Cu) and chromium (Cr). The common line and the horizontal portion of the pixel electrode having an insulating layer therebetween forms a first auxiliary storage capacitor and the horizontal portion of the pixel electrode and the auxiliary line having an insulating layer therebetween forms a second auxiliary storage capacitor.
A fabrication method of an array substrate for in-plane switching (IPS) mode liquid crystal display (LCD) device comprises forming a plurality of gate lines, a plurality of common lines and a dummy line on an array substrate, the gate line and the common line being formed in a horizontal direction and spaced apart from each other, the dummy line being formed in a non-display area; forming a plurality of data lines crossing the gate line and the common line; forming a thin film transistor at a cross point of the gate line and the data line, the thin film transistor including a gate electrode, an active layer, a source electrode and a drain electrode; forming a pixel electrode having an extension portion, a vertical portion and a horizontal portion, the extension portion being extended from the drain electrode, the vertical portion being vertically extended from the extension portion and the horizontal portion being over the common line and connected to the vertical portion; forming a common electrode having a plurality of vertical portions and a horizontal portion, the plurality of the vertical portions being vertically extended from the common line and arranged in an alternating pattern with the vertical portion of the pixel electrode, the horizontal portion connecting the plurality of the vertical portions into one portion; and forming an auxiliary line over the horizontal portion of the pixel electrode, the auxiliary line being overlapped with the common line and one end of the auxiliary line communicating with the dummy line.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed.

Array substrate for IPS mode liquid crystal display device and method for fabricating the same


A method for joining a first housing component to a second housing component by welding, the first housing component and the second housing component each being constituted as hollow bodies having a closed hollow cross section, a shape of the hollow cross section of the second component corresponding to a shape of the hollow cross section of the first component, including: making available the first housing component having a first inside dimension, making available the second housing component having an outside dimension, the outside dimension of the second housing component being smaller than the inside dimension of the first component, disposing the second housing component in the first housing component so that a peripheral gap is constituted between an inner wall of the first housing component and an outer wall of the second housing component, the region having a gap between the two housing components being a joining region, and welding the first housing component to the second housing component in the region of the gap between the first and the second housing component. A housing for an injection valve that is manufactured in accordance with the method.

It is known to join two components having a hollow cross section by welding. In this context, the joining region between the two components is designed in such a way that an inside dimension of a first component participates in a press fit with an outside dimension of a second component. No gap is therefore provided in the joining region between the two components. It has now been found that problems occur at the weld seam if the two components do not have a clean surface. The components can have, for example, residues of lubricants, for example oil or naphtha, on the component surface. These residues are thus present in the joining region between the first and the second component. These residues then outgas upon welding and, for lack of any other possibility, escape through the weld bath. This causes the formation of pores in the weld seam which can assume, in particular, a tubular shape that can extend as far as the external surface of the weld seam. A leak can occur in the weld seam as a result; this is undesirable. The surfaces of the components to be welded must therefore be cleaned and free of residues before the welding operation.

Method for welding components with a closed hollow cross-section in such a way that a peripheral gap is produced between the two overlapping components


A backlight unit of thin-type comprises: at least one or more light source(s); plural numbers of light guide plates, each of which is configured to guide and irradiate the light of the light source(s) to a side of a liquid crystal panel; and a chassis, on which the light source(s) and the light guide plates are fixed, thereby being constructed by aligning the light guide plates, wherein the following conditions are satisfied:15.0 mm>h, 20°≦θ≦60°

The present invention relates to a video display apparatus and a backlight unit to be applied therein, and it relates to, in particular, a backlight unit, being advantageous in thin-sizing and high picture quality, and also suitable for achieving an areal dimming (or a local dimming), and further a video display apparatus applying the same therein.
In recent years, as a backlight for a liquid crystal display apparatus is applied that of a side-light method, as is mentioned in the following Patent Document 1, for example. However, since the light source is disposed concentrating to an end of the screen, it is difficult to achieve heat radiation thereof, and therefore has a drawback of bringing about difficulty of achieving the local dimming and a large-sizing thereof. As a method for dissolving this is already known a so-called just under-method, which builds up a backlight by spreading or covering a rear surface of a liquid crystal panel with a large number of light sources, as is mentioned in the following Patent Document 2, for example.
However, in the case of the just-under method, in particular, since it is necessary to increase a number of the light sources for achieving the thin-sizing, this brings about an increase of costs and electric power consumption therein. Also, when trying to reduce the number of the light sources within the just-under method, it is necessary to increase thickness (e.g., a distance from the light sources to the liquid crystal panel) for reducing unevenness of brightness, and this is disadvantageous for achieving the thin-sizing of the video display apparatus.

Backlight unit and video display apparatus applying the same therein

Abstract: when assuming that a distance from an irradiation surface of the backlight unit to the light guide plate is “h”, and that an angle indicative of a half-value light intensity of a light emitting from a light emission surface of the light guide plate, thereby providing a video of high picture quality, and there is also provided a video display apparatus applying the same therein.


A weldable plastic tube has at least one end designed to be butt welded and designed for the conveyance of a fluid producing a drop in mechanical resistance of the weldable plastic. The tube includes an internal layer for protection of the plastic of the tube from contact with the fluid conveyed and adjoining the welding end has a terminal section permanently covered with an external reinforcing sleeve also of weldable plastic to participate in the butt welding of the tube. The sleeve has a thickness such as to make the mechanical resistance of the tube section nearest the welded end at least equal to the mechanical resistance of the tube not in contact with the fluid when in contact with the fluid in the welding zone which will be without the internal protective layer.

The present invention relates to a multilayer tube with ends suited to butt welding.
In particular the present invention relates to tubes realized with an internal layer of material suited to preservation of the external layer from the aggressive action of the fluid conveyed but with only the external layer of material enjoying the weldability features desired for the tube union.
In the field of tubing the advantages of tubing of polyethylene (PE) and similar materials are well known. For example, flexibility, lightness, environmental corrosion resistance and the possibility of using a choice of one of three different welding technologies (socket, butt and induction melting) allow resolving effectively any application problem in the conveyance of fluids such as water and gas. Polyethylene however is not resistant to hydrocarbons and in particular to solvents. This has in fact limited its use in industry and in particular oil applications.
To obviate the limitations of PE there was recently developed a new technology going under the name of xe2x80x98multilayer tubingxe2x80x99. The technique consists of co-extruding inside the polyethylene of a thin layer (termed xe2x80x98linerxe2x80x99) of thermoplastic resistant to hydrocarbons, for example nylon, EVOH, PVDF et cetera. The internal layer prevents the hydrocarbons from coming into contact with the polyethylene which, thanks to its good mechanical features and low cost, constitutes the structural layer of the tubing and obviates the limitations of tubing of only PE.
Since the materials used as the liner are not compatible with polyethylene, to obtain perfect adhesion between the layers one or more adhesives termed xe2x80x98tie-layerxe2x80x99 are used. Although this technique offers a solution to the realization of relatively economical tubes of low thickness and resistant to hydrocarbons it introduces the problem of easy and convenient joining of tubes.
To seek to remedy this new problem techniques have been proposed using special unions or sleeves with chambers receiving the tube head and welded by thermoelectric adhesion systems on the outer wall of the PE tube. For relatively large diameters, for over 160 mm, the electrical sleeves are however rather costly.
In the prior art there are no reliable solutions for more economical and easier butt welding.
The general purpose of the present invention is to remedy the above mentioned shortcomings by making available a butt welding method and a multilayer tube allowing simple and fast butt welding.
In view of this purpose it was sought to provide in accordance with the present invention a weldable plastic tube having at least one end designed to be butt welded and designed for the conveyance of a fluid producing a drop in mechanical resistance of said weldable plastic and comprising an internal layer for protection of the plastic of the tube from contact with the fluid conveyed and with a terminal section of the tube adjoining said welding end permanently covered with an external reinforcing sleeve also of weldable plastic to participate in the butt welding of the tube with the sleeve having a thickness such as to make the mechanical resistance of the tube section nearest the welded end when in contact with the fluid in the welding zone without the internal protective layer at least equal to the mechanical resistance of the tube not in contact with the fluid.
A butt welding method is also claimed.

Multilayer tube with butt weldable end and welding method for a multilayer tube


A vehicle terminal automatically registering a profile image of a user to a vehicle using images stored in a mobile terminal of a user and performing a face authentication includes a communicator that performs a data communication with the mobile terminal of the user, a camera that obtains a face image of the user, and a processor that registers the profile image of the user using an image among the images stored in the mobile terminal. The processor learns a facial feature of the user using the images stored in the mobile terminal as learning data and analyzes the face image obtained through the camera based on the learned facial feature of the user to perform the face authentication of the user.

Functions, e.g., an integrated memory system (IMS), a user setting menu (USM), etc., which are set by a user (e.g., a driver), are increasing in vehicles. Particularly, in recent years, a user profile setting function, which collectively stores and retrieves information (setting values) set by the user, is being applied to the vehicle to improve convenience.
The conventional user profile setting function displays users, who are registered with textual usernames and emoticons, such as "Kim Gap-dol", "Hong Gil-dong", "Guest", and the like, on a screen 10 of a display device such as a cluster or an audio video navigation as shown in FIG. 1 to be distinguished from each other.
In addition, a conventional face authentication function recognizes the user through a face authentication procedure and retrieves setting information corresponding to the recognized user to apply the retrieved setting information to the vehicle. However, a face recognition performance of the conventional face authentication (recognition) function is deteriorated when there is a difference between a driver's condition, e.g., a change in driving posture, wearing sunglasses, a hairstyle, wearing hat, or the like, and a face registered with infrared (IR) image.

Terminal for vehicle and method for authenticating face


A method of supporting continuation of a data session at a wireless communication device after performance of a circuit switched fallback (CSFB) procedure is provided. The method can include establishing a data session while connected to a first network and determining an initiation of a voice call while the data session is ongoing over the first network. The method can further include participating in a CSFB procedure to transition from the first network to a second network in response to initiation of the voice call. After termination of the voice call, the method can additionally include determining that sufficient resources are not available to the wireless communication device on the second network to support a minimum threshold throughput for the data session. The method can also include reverting to the first network in response to determining that sufficient resources are not available to support the minimum threshold throughput.

Cellular networks using newer radio access technology (RAT) systems, such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, are being developed and deployed. Networks using these newer RATs often support faster data rates than networks utilizing legacy RATs, such as second generation (2G) and third generation (3G) RATs, including Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) networks and Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) networks. However, in some deployments, LTE and other new RATs may not fully support some services that can be handled by legacy networks. Accordingly, LTE networks are often co-deployed in overlapping regions with legacy networks and wireless communication devices may transition between RATs as services or coverage may require. For example, in some deployments, LTE networks are not capable of supporting voice calls. Accordingly, when a wireless communication device receives or initiates a voice call while connected to a network that supports data sessions, but not voice calls, the wireless communication device can perform a circuit switched fallback (CSFB) procedure to transition to a legacy network that supports voice calls.
As a result of performance of a CSFB procedure, any ongoing data sessions that were established over a network offering faster data rates will be transferred to a legacy network having lower data rates. In some cases, a mobile device can remain on a legacy network subsequent to performance of a CSFB procedure even after the voice call for which the CSFB procedure was performed has terminated. Accordingly, the data session, if still ongoing, can continue to suffer slow and, in some cases, inadequate data rates. If data rates are so slow on the legacy network as to result in an inadequate level of throughput, the data session can even be dropped. Accordingly, users can experience poor performance and dropped data sessions subsequent to performance of CSFB procedures.

Supporting continuation of a data session after performance of a circuit switched fallback procedure


A photographic system includes a first light grid including a plurality of cells, and a first alignment feature disposed on the first light grid. The system further includes a bezel including a retainer for retaining at least the first light grid, and an alignment feature for aligning at least the first light grid within the light grid retainer, wherein the first alignment feature of the first light grid aligns with the alignment feature of the bezel.

Photographers use a variety of accessories to control light emitted by photographic lighting equipment. There are many aspects of light that photographers desire to control. For example, color, direction, intensity, contrast, etc. As such, photographers require a plurality of accessories to control the light. Accordingly, it may be cumbersome to carry around and have all the accessories necessary to control all the different aspects of lighting.
Moreover, photographic accessories (e.g., a reflector) are not easily manipulated to precisely control the light. For example, it may be difficult to properly place and articulate a white piece of paper to reflect light.
The drawings referred to in this description should be understood as not being drawn to scale except if specifically noted.


Coffee-making device with a piston/cylinder unit, the piston (3) being driven by a crankshaft (11). A swivelling arm structure (13) is also driven by means of the crankshaft, with the interposition of a cam/cam follower mechanism. The swivelling arm structure is provided with a cover (19) for closing off the free end of the cylinder (2). The cover can be pressed onto the cylinder by means of a cam structure.

The present invention relates to a coffee-making device, comprising a coffee supply line, a hot water supply line with a pump, a beverage outlet with shut-off valve, and a coffee outlet, said coffee-making device comprises a brewing compartment for holding coffee, which brewing compartment is connected to said water supply line and to said beverage outlet, said brewing compartment comprising a cylinder in which a piston is capable of reciprocating.
Such a device is known from EP 0380450A2, which discloses a structure in which various types of coffee can be conveyed separately from various containers into the brewing compartment.
Ordinary coffee and espresso coffee have their own specific characteristics in the brewing process, such as, for example, the brewing quantity, the type of coffee, the water temperature, the contact time between coffee and water, and the pressure in the coffee bed.
If there is a desire for several brewing processes to be achieved in one brewing system, the type of coffee and the water temperature are easy to change for this.
It is much more difficult to switch over the pressure and the brewing quantity desired at this pressure.
It is the object of the present invention to provide a single brewing system by means of which it is possible to carry out different brewing processes. This object is achieved in a coffee-making device of the type described above in that said shut-off valve is designed to provide either a first passage with relatively small surface or a second passage with relatively large surface, and wherein said pump is designed to provide for an appropriate first, small volume displacement at high pressure and a second, large volume displacement at low pressure.
According to the invention, it is possible to prepare different types of coffee with a single coffee-making device by, apart from varying the sort and quantity of coffee, varying the throughput pressure of the water. The latter is controlled by the shut-off valve, which can provide for various passages, and thus can regulate the pressure in the brewing system. All the above is, of course, also dependent upon the pump. The term shut-off valve can be understood to mean one or more electrically operated shut-off valves.
According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the shut-off valve is, however, operated by the pressure of the water displaced by the pump. To this end, the shut-off valve comprises a restriction which reacts to pressure and is designed in such a way that at relatively low pressure a restriction with larger passage is present and at relatively higher pressure a restriction with smaller passage is present.
The valve structure is designed in such a way that at relatively low pressure a relatively large passage is present. When the pressure increases, the passage will become smaller.
In this way it is possible, without further mechanical components and/or controls, to build up a higher pressure in the brewing chamber depending on the pressure of the water that is moving through the coffee. In this way, the pressure in the brewing chamber can be varied simply by being controlled by the inlet pressure of the water. This makes it possible in a simple manner to prepare either xe2x80x9cordinaryxe2x80x9d coffee or espresso coffee, or variants of these.
It will be understood that the valve structure just described can also be used in combination with other coffee-making devices known in the prior art. After all, this valve structure is entirely independent of the remainder of the coffee-making devices. Of course, the fact is that the already simple structure of the coffee-making device is further simplified by using such a valve.
According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, such a structure is used in the case of a coffee-making device comprising a cylinder with piston movable therein. In this case the water supply is connected to the volume present above said cylinder, and means for containing coffee are present near the free end of said cylinder. The term xe2x80x9cabovexe2x80x9d in this description indicates the position away from the drive end.
According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the piston comprises a piston head provided with a seal acting relative to said cylinder, an inlet channel being provided in said piston below said piston head, which inlet channel is sealed off relative to said cylinder and can be connected to said water supply in at least two different positions of said piston relative to said cylinder.
According to another advantageous embodiment, the channel is connected by way of a non-return valve to the compartment above the cylinder.
In order to ensure that the piston functions even in the case of varying amounts of coffee and also that the coffee-making device is of a simple design, according to an advantageous embodiment, provision is made for a coffee-making device comprising a housing with a cylinder in which a piston is provided, for compressing with the piston coffee placed on said piston, said piston being movable by means of a drive mechanism, and said drive mechanism being provided in said housing, and comprising a cover that can be placed on said cylinder, in order to bound a compression chamber with said cylinder and piston, means for introducing water into the compression chamber, means for discharging brewed coffee from the compression chamber, and also means for removing the compressed coffee tablet, said movable cover comprising a swivelling arm structure which is rotatable around an axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of said cylinder in such a way that said cover can be moved above and away from the end of the cylinder, which swivelling arm structure is capable of reciprocating substantially perpendicular to the axis of rotation thereof, in order to bring said cover into engagement in a sealing manner with said cylinder end, said drive mechanism being designed to operate both said piston and said swivelling arm, and comprising a rotary input shaft, and in which said drive mechanism for said piston is provided with means for converting a uniform rotating motion into a non-uniform reciprocating motion.
The closing and opening characteristic of the piston in the cylinder unit can be influenced, in other words optimized, by converting the uniform linear rotating motion of the drive motor in some way into a non-linear motion.
Such a non-linear motion characteristic of the piston can be obtained in any way known in the prior art. An example that can be mentioned is a curved disc which is driven by the rotary motor and in turn drives the piston. A certain opening and closing characteristic of the piston can be obtained through the special shape of the curve.
Another possibility is to use a crankshaft structure.
In this way a particularly compact structure can be obtained with a single drive motor. More particularly, the actual coffee-making process can be carried out irrespective of the xe2x80x9ctablet thicknessxe2x80x9d of the coffee material. This means that it is possible to vary the quantity of coffee material without this affecting the functioning of the device, in other words various types of coffee can be made with one device without special measures as regards structure being necessary.
A particularly simple structure can be obtained by using a swivelling arm structure for moving the cover on the cylinder. Owing to the fact that the swivelling arm rotates substantially about the axis of the crankshaft, a particularly compact device is obtained.
Such a swivelling arm structure can be driven in any way known in the prior art. However, it is preferably driven by the crankshaft. If the structure is designed in a suitable manner, it is possible for it to be driven directly by the crankshaft, in other words without interposing gearwheels and other transmission mechanisms.
The reciprocating motion of the rocker arm in order to place the cover on the fee end of the cylinder in a sealing manner can also be carried out in any way known in the prior art. It is, however, preferably embodied by means of a cam/cam follower mechanism. This cam/cam follower mechanism is preferably likewise fitted on the crankshaft of the piston. By this measure also, further simplification of the coffee-making device according to the invention can be obtained. The coffee-making device can consequently be manufactured more cheaply, and fewer components will wear, and any parts that may have worn will be easier to replace. Cleaning can also be carried out in a simple manner.
The structure described above works in particular if the crankshaft rotates in different directions, in other words. It does not rotate in only one direction during a coffee-making operation. In particular, if a combination with cams/cam followers is envisaged for driving the swivelling arm structure, such a motion in different directions is advantageous. Of course, a corresponding, suitable control is present.
Certain parts of the motion process of the swivelling arm structure can be controlled by means of a spring or the like.
Of course, it is the case that the already simple structure of the coffee-making device is further simplified by using such a valve.

Coffee-making device with pressure control


An electric optical distance meter is provided that makes an input power level of a reference light entering a light receiving device via an internal optical path comparable between low and high reflectivity targets. The electric optical distance meter has a shutter 50 for switching between an external optical path Po, through which a distance measuring light emitted by a light source is placed to and from a target, and the internal optical path Pi is placed from the light source to the light receiving device, where the shutter has: a rotating axis 55; blocking plates 56 which are arranged at two locations symmetric with respect to the rotating axis, and alternately block the respective distance measuring lights L entering the external optical path and the internal optical path; and an attenuation plate 57 which is placed at one of the two locations where the blocking plates are not arranged and between the blocking plates, and attenuates the distance measuring light entering the internal optical path when the target is of a low reflectivity.

A reference patent document 1 given below is known as an example of an electric optical distance meter. An optical path diagram of the electric optical distance meter disclosed in the reference patent document 1 is shown in FIG. 4.
In the electric optical distance meter, a distance measuring light (light pulse) L emitted from a light source 1 of a laser diode or the like is emitted through a light transmitting optical system composed of a condenser lens 2, an optical fiber 8, a prism 9, an object lens 10 and the like to a corner cube (prism) 11 placed on a measurement point. The light source 1 is connected to an unillustrated modulator, the modulator is connected to an unillustrated reference signal oscillator, and the distance measuring light L is modulated by a reference signal generated by the reference signal oscillator.
The distance measuring light L reflected by the corner cube 11 passes through a light receiving optical system composed of the object lens 10, the prism 9, a optical fiber 8A, a condenser lens 3, and the like, and enters a light receiving device 7 such as APD (avalanche photodiode). Then, the distance measuring light is converted into a distance measuring signal (electric signal) by the light receiving device 7. A phase difference between the distance measuring signal and a reference signal sent from the modulator is measured, and a distance to the corner cube 11 is obtained from the phase difference.
Incidentally, a split prism 4A and an optical path switching device 5 are inserted between the optical fiber 8 together with a light emitting side and the prism 9, and a split prism 4B is inserted between the prism 9 and the optical fiber 8A together with a light receiving side. The distance measuring light L is divided and sent into an external optical path Po going to the corner cube 11 and an internal optical path Pi going from the light transmitting optical system via the inside of the electric optical distance meter to the light receiving optical system by the split prisms 4A and 4B.
As shown in FIG. 5, the optical path switching device 5 blocks or passes the distance measuring light L going to the internal optical path Pi and the external optical path Po by rotating an optical path switching plate 5C having a blocking plate 5B stuck on a transparent disk 5A, to switch between the internal optical path Pi and the external optical path Po. An unillustrated pulse motor rotates the optical path switching plate 5C. An optical path detector 5D detects that the blocking plate 5B is at either position of the internal optical path Pi and the external optical path Po, that is, a shutter position.
When distance measurement by means of a phase difference is made by using the distance measuring light having passed through the internal optical path Pi (hereinafter this distance measuring light is referred to as reference light R), in the same manner as the distance measuring light L having passed through the external optical path Po, an error specific to the electric optical distance meter can be known. In this way, the distance measurement using the distance measuring light L having passed through the external optical path Po and the distance measurement using the reference light R having passed through the internal optical path Pi are repeated alternately a plurality of times, and the electric optical distance meter corrects the error specific to the electric optical distance meter from a distance measured by using the distance measuring light L having passed through the external optical path Po, and can provide an accurate distance to the corner cube 11.
[Patent Document 1] Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Application No. H08-226969


A distribution connection module which is used in the telecommunication and data technology field includes a housing defining a cavity in which at least one conductor plate is arranged. The housing includes at least one opening in the front side thereof through which a connection module can be inserted. The connection module is connected to at least the conduction plate in the inserted state. At least one support for a lifting tool is arranged on the housing in a lateral manner in relation to the connection module.

DE 102 36 361 A1 discloses a distribution board connection module for telecommunications and data technology, comprising a housing, in which input and output contacts are arranged such that they are accessible from the outside for the purpose of connecting lines and cables, the housing being formed with a cavity, in which at least one printed circuit board is arranged, the input and output contacts being arranged on the opposing end faces of the housing, the input contacts being associated with an input side, and the output contacts being associated with an output side, the input contacts being in the form of at least two opposing rows of contacts, and the output contacts being in the form of at least one plug-in connector. The input contacts are in this case in the form of connector modules, which have contact elements which each have an insulation-displacement contact and a fork contact, the latter being used to produce the electrical and mechanical contact with the printed circuit board. One possible design for the connector modules is described in DE 102 57 308 B3.
One disadvantage of the known distribution board connection module is the fact that the connector modules can only be isolated from the printed circuit board again with difficulty, which makes it more difficult, for example, to replace printed circuit boards.


A machining center NC operation panel is provided which can serve as a personal authentication system capable of simply and reliably identifying operators and implementing appropriate operational restrictions. The operation panel is provided with an imaging device mounted on its front or on a manual pulse generator for at-hand operation connected to the operation panel. In the operation panel: a storage unit stores an operator list allocated with work information prepared for each of the pre-registered operators, the work information including operations which the operators are respectively allowed to perform at a machine tool main body and restricted operations which the operators are not respectively allowed to perform, and a face image file holding a group of face image data on the operators registered in the operator list; and a control unit includes a face authentication processing unit which searches for and identifies an operator by checking operator face image data obtained from the imaging device against the group of face image data held in the face image file and a work information processing unit which obtains, from the operator list, work information associated with the identified operator and has, based on the obtained work information, a function of displaying work items the identified operator is allowed to perform in the display part.

In machining centers in use today, various machining operations can be automatically performed using various NC programs under numerical control from an operation panel with an NC function connected to the machine tool main body.
Such an operation panel with an NC function generally has a display part, e.g., a display disposed in an upper portion on the front. Around and below the display part, function keys, a CF card slot, a USB port, a keyboard including a mouse pad and mouse buttons and many and various kinds of operation-related switches, dials, keys and the like are disposed.
Also, a storage unit included in an internal control unit holds NC programs for various machining operations and tool information inputted from the operation panel. Therefore, an operator can, by calling up and executing a predetermined NC program using an NC operation panel, make an automatic machining operation performed following the NC program at the machine tool main body.
However, operators to use such an NC operation panel widely vary in level as to their work experiences, skill proficiency or qualifications, and the control functions and types of machining operations they can apply to the machine tool main body differ between them. From the viewpoint of safety and security, therefore, it is necessary to specify the ranges of operations that the operators are respectively allowed to perform. Hence, a personal identification system is required which, when machining center operation is to be started by an operator using an NC operation panel, identifies the operator so as to allow the operator to perform only work items specified as allowable for the operator.
Devices provided with systems for identifying individual operators when performing various machining operations have been proposed. They include, for example, a device which is provided with a system to identify an operator by detecting, using an identification sensor, a radio tag carried by the operator and obtaining identification information from the radio tag (see patent literature 1), or a system which causes, when an operator inputs information such as a password or an identification code, a screen associated with the operator to appear on a display of a control unit (see patent literatures 2, 3 and 4).


A brush tip for a motorized toothbrush has a first brush head and a second brush head. The second brush head encircles the first brush head. A shaft has two cranks, each engaging one of the brush heads. Continuous same-direction rotation of the shaft causes the brush heads to counter-rotate about a common axis. Distal ends of the first set of bristles on the first brush head form a circular pattern and the distal ends of the second set of bristles on the second brush head form an elliptical pattern.

The invention relates to toothbrushes, and more particularly relates to powered toothbrushes. In its most immediate sense, the invention relates to a brush tip for a powered toothbrush having two counter-rotating heads that rotate on a common axis.
In a conventional motorized toothbrush of the multi-head type, a disposable brush tip is detachably secured to the handle of the toothbrush. The tip has a plurality of brush heads, which oscillate (as by rotation) under the power of the motor. Each brush head has a plurality of tufts of bristles.
Existing motorized toothbrushes have relatively small xe2x80x9ccoveragexe2x80x9d, i.e. they do not clean large surface areas at one time. This is because the brush heads are relatively small. If they are made too large, they will put an excessive load on the motor.
Furthermore, some users operate such toothbrushes improperly. Instead of applying only light pressure, they force the bristles hard against the teeth. Under such conditions, the distal end of each tuft of bristles stays in the same place and the tufts twist themselves tightly in alternate directions. This makes the brushing less effective, because the bristles do not scrub the surfaces of the teeth.
It would be advantageous to provide a multi-head motorized toothbrush that would have greater coverage than conventional toothbrushes.
It would also be advantageous to provide a multi-head motorized toothbrush that would perform better even when the user applies excessive pressure against the tooth surfaces to be cleaned.
In accordance with the invention, a brush tip for a motorized toothbrush has a first brush head and a second brush head. The second brush head encircles the first brush head, and means are provided for differently accelerating the first and second brush heads in response to motion produced by the toothbrush motor.
Because the second brush head encircles the first brush head, the two head together have a relatively large area and, therefore, greater coverage. And, because the two brush heads are accelerated differently, their bristles do not twist themselves together even when pressed hard against the teeth.
In preferred embodiments, the first and second brush heads are accelerated in opposite directions, the first brush head is circular, and the second brush head is elliptical. The elliptical brush head provides greater coverage than a circular brush head and the opposite motions of the heads make it impossible for the bristles attached to the first brush head to twist into the bristles attached to the second brush head.
For toothbrushes of the type wherein the motor produces oscillating rotational motion of a shaft, a gear is mounted at the end of the shaft and is used to rotate the brush heads. For toothbrushes of the type wherein the motor produces reciprocating linear motion of an actuator, two connecting rods are used to convert this linear motion into oscillating rotational motion of the brush heads.
Such a brush tip is disclosed in commonly-owned pending patent application Ser. No. 09/338,750, filed Jun. 23, 1999, issued on Feb. 26, 2002 as U.S. Pat. No. 6,349,442, the entire disclosure of which (including the drawings) is hereby incorporated herein by reference. That pending patent application discloses two different head rotation mechanisms, each designed for use with a particular type of motorized toothbrush. One mechanism is designed for use with a motorized toothbrush wherein an actuator, such as a plunger, is linearly reciprocated. The other mechanism is designed for use with a motorized toothbrush wherein a shaft is rotationally oscillated.
Motorized toothbrushes generally use a battery-powered DC motor as a source of mechanical energy. This mechanical energy takes the form of a one-way rotation of a shaft that is mechanically coupled to the rotor of the DC motor. Therefore, for the above-discussed mechanisms to be usable, the motorized toothbrush must include a motion conversion mechanism that converts the one-way shaft rotation produced by the DC motor into linear reciprocation or into rotational oscillation. This increases cost of manufacture, diminishes power available to the toothbrush heads, and increases noise of the toothbrush during use. It would be advantageous to provide a brush tip for a motorized toothbrush wherein one-way rotation of a shaft can be used as the mechanical input to drive two counter-rotating heads that rotate about a common axis.
Furthermore, the mechanisms disclosed in the above-referenced allowed patent application require adjustment during assembly. Such adjustment has associated costs. It would be advantageous to provide a brush tip of this type that could be assembled with less adjustment, and therefore at reduced cost.
In accordance with the invention, first and second brush heads are provided. The first brush head is mounted for rotation about a brush head axis and has a first slot extending generally normal to the brush head axis. The second brush head encircles the first brush head, and is mounted for rotation about the brush head axis. The second brush head has a second slot extending generally normal to the brush head, and the first and second slots are on the same side of the brush head axis. And, an elongated shaft is provided. The shaft is mounted for rotation about a shaft axis, has a proximal end and a distal end, and forms first and second cranks. The first crank is located at the distal end of the shaft and engages the first slot, the second crank is located intermediate the first crank and the proximal end of the shaft and engages the second slot, and the cranks are offset with respect to each other.
This brush tip is suited for direct connection to a DC motor in the motorized toothbrush; the shaft can be coupled to the shaft of the motor without the need for an intermediate mechanism to change the rotation of the motor to linear reciprocation or rotational oscillation. And, assembly requires little adjustment because it is only necessary to drop the brush heads over the shaft so that the first slot and second slot engage the first and second cranks respectively. Alternatively, the brush tip can be assembled by simply pushing the distal end of the shaft through the second slot of the second brush head and into the first slot of the first brush head; in this instance, both the brush heads rotate until the second crank engages the second slot.
Advantageously, the shaft is a serpentine metal element, the first and second cranks extend away from the shaft axis in opposite directions, and the cranks occupy a common plane that contains the shaft axis. Such a shaft can be easily and inexpensively manufactured (as by stamping or bending).
In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the second brush head has an interior recess adjacent the second slot and a washer is mounted on the shaft between the first and second cranks so that it is located in the recess. As the shaft rotates, the washer keeps the first and second brush heads spaced apart, thereby preventing them from xe2x80x9cchattering,xe2x80x9d i.e. from striking against each other as they rotate). This reduces noise during operation.
In accordance with the invention, the first brush head has a first set of bristles secured thereon forming a circular pattern and the second brush head has a second set of bristles secured thereon forming an elliptical pattern. The elliptical pattern on the second brush head provides a greater coverage than a conventional circular pattern and the opposite rotating motions of the first and second brush heads prevent the bristles from the first and second brush heads from twisting into each other.

Motorized toothbrush brush tip with two counter-rotating brush heads rotating on a common axis