A device for covering the opening formed in a container after the original sealing pull-tab is removed by a user. The device comprises a wire member having a ring like portion fixedly positioned below the top rim of the container. A second portion of the wire member extends horizontally and then angularly downwardly toward the center area of the container top surface. A hinge, formed on the rear portion of a cover member having a surface contact area sufficiently large to cover the opening, is positioned at the rear of the second portion of the wire member. The front portion of the cover member has a channel portion which is adapted to engage the rim thus securing the cover member in position over the opening. The surface of the cover member contacting the container surface is recessed to accommodate the raised sealing dimple at the rear of the opening, the size of the recess being extended to cover containers having an essentially flat or recessed area surrounding the opening and containers which have raised portions formed around the opening when the pull-tab is removed.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to covers for closing the opening formed in containers and, in particular, a simple and cost efficient device to accomplish that objective.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Covers for closing openings formed in containers have been widely disclosed in the prior art. For example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,372,832 to Yeater et al., 4,066,191 to Coleman, 4,387,826 to Heubl; 4,511,057 to Tontarelli; 4,796,774 to Nabinger; 5,088,614 to Dumestre and 5,125,525 to Tucker all disclose various configurations for covering the teardrop-shaped opening formed in liquid containers when the frangible pull-tab element is torn from the container.
Although the devices disclosed in the aforementioned patents function to close the open containers, they all have a common disadvantage of being relatively complex and expensive to fabricate. Even though these devices apparently are reusable after the initial container is discarded, if, as often occurs , it is necessary to cover more than container opening, the expense of each device becomes a limiting factor in a consumer's decision as to how many such devices will be purchased.
What is therefore desired is to provide a device for closing the opening formed in used containers which is simple to fabricate and which, in turn, is less costly than devices currently available.


A master TSM is provided. The master TSM intermediates between entities connected to different TSMs by connecting the TSMs via an interface module which is communicable with a plurality of TSMs. Accordingly, interoperability is possible between entities and clients connected to different TSMs and thus a variety of services can be provided. Therefore, conveniences for all of the entities and clients can be guaranteed from the information processing and service providing aspects.

Conventionally, a mobile commerce service may be conducted through partnership among various service providers (SPs), such as financial institutions, transportation companies, and Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) to provide various services to the general public.
However, partnerships formed among various SPs and MNOs may be limited due to inherent conflicting business interests among entities that are involved. For example, a specific SP such as MasterCard® may not want to share sensitive information related to one of its clients to a competing SP like Visa®.
In addition, there may be some technical incompatibilities, which may limit partnerships among the various entities that are involved. Due to this incompatibilities, user may have several accounts for various SPs on the user's mobile terminal. In addition, a user may be unable to access certain SPs, if the mobile communication network that user is subscribed to does not support interconnection with other SPs.
FIG. 1 is a view illustrating a conventional relationship between various entities in a mobile communication network.
As shown in FIG. 1, a plurality of users or customers with mobile terminals equipped with Secure Element (SE) may interact with a single or multiple SPs and/or MNOs. Since a user or a customer may interact with SPs and/or MNOs directly, an account may be created for each SP and/or MNO. However, as entities may desire not to share confidential information with other entities in the mobile communication network, a single unified account or point of contact to facilitate transactions with the illustrated entities may be difficult to achieve.
In addition, since certain mobile terminals or SEs such as Subscriber Identity Module (SIM), Universal Subscriber Identity Module (USIM), embedded SE, and other forms of SEs may not support operations of selecting SPs and/or MNOs, interoperability may be limited.


A wireless communication device, a wireless communication system and a method of allocating a time slot during peer to peer communication over a millimeter wave wireless channel. The allocation of the time slot is done by truncating a channel time allocated time slot and releasing a truncated channel time allocation time slot for communication without a piconet network controller intervention and dynamically allocating a contention access period utilizing the released channel time of the allocated time.

A personal wireless area network (WPAN) is a network used for communication among computing devices (for example, telephones and personal digital assistants) close to one person. The devices may or may not belong to the person in question. The reach of a WPAN may be a few meters. WPANs may be used for interpersonal communication among the personal devices themselves, or for connecting via an uplink to a higher level network and for example the Internet.
The IEEE 802.15.3 Task Group 3c (TG3c) was formed in March 2005. TG3c is developing a millimeter-wave (mmWawe) based alternative physical layer (PPHY) for the existing 802.15.3 Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) Standard e.g., IEEE 802.15.3-2003. This mmWave WPAN may operate in a band including 57-64 GHz unlicensed band defined by FCC 47 CFR 15.255. The millimeter-wave WPAN may allow very high data rate over 2 Gigabit per second (Gbps) applications such as high speed Internet access, streaming content download (e.g., video on demand, high-definition television (HDTV), home theater, etc.), real time streaming and wireless data bus for cable replacement.
However, a mmWave communication link is significantly less robust than those at lower frequencies (e.g. 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands) due to both oxygen absorption and high attenuation through obstructions. In addition, the mmWave communication link may use a directional antenna and/or antennas array to increase the communication range. The use of a directional antenna makes a link very sensitive to mobility. For example, a slight change in the orientation of the device or the movement of a nearby object and/or person may disrupt the link.
Applications for mmWave frequencies are expected to enjoy variable bit rate (VBR) type of traffic, for example, compressed wireless display, certain external input/output (I/O), and Internet type of traffic and the like. The methods that are used for bandwidth management include using a network coordinator or controller (e.g., piconet coordinator (PNC)) which cause to increased power consumption of the devices and PNC.
It will be appreciated that for simplicity and clarity of illustration, elements shown in the figures have not necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some of the elements may be exaggerated relative to other elements for clarity. Further, where considered appropriate, reference numerals may be repeated among the figures to indicate corresponding or analogous elements.

Method and apparatus for dynamic bandwidth management


A packaged electronic device includes first conductive leads and second conductive leads at least partially exposed to an exterior of a package structure, and a multilevel lamination structure in the package structure. The multilevel lamination structure includes a first patterned conductive feature having multiple turns in a first level to form a first winding coupled to at least one of the first conductive leads in a first circuit, a second patterned conductive feature having multiple turns in a different level to form a second winding coupled to at least one of the second conductive leads in a second circuit isolated from the first circuit, and a conductive shield trace having multiple turns in a second level spaced apart from and between the first patterned conductive feature and the second patterned conductive feature, the conductive shield trace coupled in the first circuit.

Integrated isolated power products are packaged electronic devices having semiconductor dies and integrated transformers with electrical connections to externally accessible leads (e.g., pins or pads) for soldering to a printed circuit board (PCB). Isolated DC to DC converters can be built using integrated high voltage isolation transformers, there the transformer coils can be fabricated in a lamination structure for integration in a packaged electronic device. Many DC to DC converters have design specifications for electromagnetic interference (EMI), such as CISPR32 and CISPR25 EMI emission requirements for multimedia equipment (MME) with a rated rms AC or DC supply voltage not exceeding 600 V set by the Comite International Special des Perturbations Radioelectriques (CISPR). Switching of primary and/or secondary side transistors in a DC to DC converter can cause conducted and/or emitted EMI, for example, there the transformer of an isolated DC to DC converter can be a path of electromagnetic energy due to its inter-winding capacitance. EMI can be controlled using ferrite beads, additional capacitors, or other external (e.g., board level) components, but this increases circuit area, weight and cost. In addition, each design has different specifications with respect to electric fields, efficiency and electromagnetic interference (EMI) performance. Other EMI control approaches include spread spectrum modulation (SSM) for controlling the DC to DC converter switching, but this requires additional die space and often only provides incremental EMI improvement.

Isolated transformer with integrated shield topology for reduced EMI


Yield and selectivity of olefin acetoxylation are improved through the use of successive catalyst zones of different reactivities, the successive zones contained in one or more reaction tubes arranged is parallel.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a process for the acetoxylation of olefins, in which a gaseous reaction stream containing an olefin, acetic acid and molecular oxygen is passed over at least two catalyst zones of differing reactivity arranged in series. Furthermore, the invention relates to a catalyst system for the gas-phase oxidation of olefins to form acetoxylated products, in particular for the preparation of vinyl acetate, which comprises at least two catalyst zones which are arranged in layers and have a reactivity matched to the course of the reaction.
2. Description of the Related Art
Processes for the acetoxylation of ethylene in the gas phase are of particular industrial interest. It is known from the literature that acetoxylations can be carried out industrially by catalytic gas-phase oxidation of olefins such as ethene or propene in fixed-bed reactors. These reactions are preferably carried out in shell-and-tube reactors. Unsaturated esters such as vinyl acetate, inter alia, are prepared by means of this reaction. In general, this reaction is carried out by passing a gaseous mixture comprising molecular oxygen, an olefin and acetic acid through a reactor. Use is usually made of a shell-and-tube reactor in which a plurality of reaction tubes are arranged in parallel and in each of which a uniform catalyst charge is located. The excess heat of reaction involved is removed by means of a heat transfer medium. An example of such a reactor is a boiling water reactor.
As catalytically active components of the catalysts used here, it is possible to use, inter alia, palladium and/or compounds thereof and alkali metal compounds and also additionally gold and/or compounds thereof (Pd/alkali metal/Au system). Systems composed of cadmium and/or compounds thereof (Pd/alkali metal/Cd system) or barium and/or compounds thereof (Pd/alkali metal/Ba system) and also systems containing palladium, alkali metal compounds and mixtures of gold and/or cadmium and/or barium are also used. All these systems are usually present on a suitable support material. Industrially, preference is given to using palladium/gold catalyst systems.
As alkali metal compounds, use is usually made of potassium compounds, for example potassium acetate. During operation, introduction of the alkali metal compound is usually carried out in order to compensate corresponding alkali metal losses within the catalyst bed.
Despite various methods of regulating the reaction temperature known from the prior art, local formation of a stationary temperature peak in the catalyst bed in which a higher temperature prevails than in the remainder of the catalyst bed can occur.
These temperature peaks (known as "hot spots") bring about a series of undesirable effects during the course of the reaction. Firstly, they limit a further increase in the starting material concentration (loading), which is equivalent to limitation of the space-time yield, and secondly an increase in total oxidation in the reaction mixture can occur (reduction in selectivity to the target product). The latter is, in particular, reflected in a higher specific raw material usage and has a significantly negative effect on the economics of the process. Furthermore, hot spots bring about premature aging of the catalyst.
Particularly in the case of fresh catalyst beds and also in the case of reactions with a high oxygen loading, irreversible damage to the catalyst can occur in this sensitive range when heat removal is insufficient.
Furthermore, a decrease in the starting material concentration combined with a simultaneous increase in the product concentration occurs as the reaction progresses along the catalyst bed. The increasing product concentration can then again lead to inhibition of product formation and thus to a decrease in selectivity and conversion.
Processes for the acetoxylation of ethylene in the gas phase which lead high yields of vinyl acetate are of great economic importance.
WO 2008/071610 discloses a process and a catalyst system comprising a catalyst which comprises palladium, gold and potassium acetate and is applied to an SiO2 support having a large surface area and can be operated at a space-time yield of more than 800 [g (VAM)/l cat*h] at ethene selectivities of greater than 92% and at a low degree of formation of ethyl acetate relative to vinyl acetate.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,179,056 discloses a process for preparing vinyl acetate by reaction of ethylene and acetic acid in the presence of an oxygen-containing gas over a highly reactive palladium/gold coated catalyst.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,399,813 discloses a highly active fluidized-bed vinyl acetate catalyst on a support composed of inert microspheroidal particals composed of silicon oxide, zirconium oxide or aluminum oxide and having a defined pore distribution.
In view of the great economic importance of acetoxylated products and the high-performance catalysts known from the prior art, there is a great need to optimize the course of the reaction in respect of conversion, selectivity and life of the catalyst.
WO 2007/101749 and WO 2006/042659 disclose, for example, synthesis reactors for preparing vinyl acetate monomer with increased selectivity and productivity, in which gaseous ethylene and acetic acid and also an oxygen-containing gas react catalytically, with the synthesis reactors being a wall reactor and the catalytic synthesis being carried out in a plurality of reaction spaces and at least one wall of the reaction spaces being coated with catalyst and at least one wall of the reaction spaces being indirectly cooled.
Reactions which describe a series arrangement of at least two reactors which can be charged with catalysts of differing reactivity are likewise known from the prior art. However, a disadvantage of this arrangement is the large outlay in terms of equipment.
It was an object of the invention to provide a novel process for the acetoxylation of acetic acid using a catalyst system by means of which, in particular, high space-time yields, high selectivities with low by-product formation and an ideally isothermal temperature profile in the catalyst bed are achieved, as a result of which a lengthening of the life and also short start-up times of fresh catalyst can be achieved and at the same time the use of conventional shell-and-tube reactors can be retained.

Process for the acetoxylation of olefins in the gas phase


A spiral coil pattern is formed on a substantially rectangular insulation substrate of an inductor by photolithography. In the coil pattern, the electrode width of a portion of the pattern provided in the vicinity of the right short side of the substrate so as to be substantially parallel to the short side is wider than the electrode width of the other portion of the pattern. The interelectrode spacing of a portion of the pattern is wider than the interelectrode spacing of the other portion of the pattern. When the inductance of the inductor is required to be reduced to make the inductance a desired inductance value, the electrode width of the portion of the coil pattern is made wider in the inner direction of the coil pattern than the original electrode width.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an inductor, more particularly, to an inductor for use in, for example, high-frequency circuits and other such apparatuses, and to a method for adjusting the inductance value of an inductor.
2. Description of the Related Art
Through the miniaturization of mobile communication devices such as portable telephone terminals, etc., the demands for size reductions of electronic components used in these mobile communication devices are great. As a result, the inductance value of related lamination type inductors has been adjusted such that the pattern width of all of the portions of one or more coil patterns out of the coil patterns of several layers is uniformly made wider or narrower.
Here, when the size of lamination type inductors is even more reduced and the pattern width becomes finer, as shown in FIG. 8A, a coil pattern 1 having several turns is often formed on the same layer. In such a case, if the pattern width of the coil pattern 1 is made wider with reference to the center of the pattern in order to adjust the inductance value, the size of the coil pattern 1 on the same layer increases and this becomes an obstacle to size reductions of the inductors.
Then, if the pattern width is made wider in the inner direction of the coil pattern 1 in order to prevent the size of the coil pattern 1 on the same layer from increasing, as shown in FIG. 8B, a coil pattern 2 having a smaller inner diameter will be produced. The inductor having such a coil pattern 2 exhibited bad Q characteristics.
Furthermore, in the direction of the short side where the inner diameter is small, it was difficult to obtain an area in which a via pad 1a (see FIG. 8A) for connection between layers is disposed as a portion of the coil pattern.
In order to solve the problems described above, preferred embodiments of the present invention provide a much smaller inductor in which the degradation of Q characteristics is prevented, and a method for adjusting the inductance value of such a novel inductor.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an inductor includes a substantially rectangular insulation substrate and at least one coil pattern made of photolithographic material disposed on the insulation substrate, the at least one coil defining a spiral on the surface of the insulation substrate, and, in the coil pattern of the inductor, the electrode width and interelectrode spacing of a portion of the pattern provided in the vicinity of at least one short side of the two short sides of the substantially rectangular insulation substrate and arranged so as to be substantially parallel to the short side is wider than the electrode width of the other portion of the pattern. For example, the electrode width and interelectrode spacing of the portion of the pattern provided in the vicinity of the long side of the insulation substrate is arranged so as to be substantially parallel to the long side.
Furthermore, in a method for adjusting the inductance value of an inductor including a substantially rectangular insulation substrate and at least one coil pattern that is formed via photolithography, which defines a spiral on the surface of the insulation substrate, the inductance value is adjusted by increasing or decreasing the electrode width and interelectrode spacing of a portion of the pattern provided in the vicinity of at least one short side of two short sides of the substantially rectangular insulation substrate so as to be substantially parallel to the short side. Or the inductance value is increased by decreasing the electrode width and interelectrode spacing of a portion of the pattern provided in the vicinity of at least one long side of the insulation substrate so as to be substantially parallel to the long side.
Here, the expression of a coil pattern defining a spiral on the surface of an insulation substrate includes not only a coil pattern formed on the upper surface of the insulation substrate, but also a coil pattern formed above the insulation substrate through an insulation layer, or other suitable configuration.
When constructed as described above, fine adjustment of the inductance value becomes possible in an electronic component of a limited size and the degradation of Q characteristics is prevented and minimized.
Other elements, features, characteristics and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings.

Inductor and method for adjusting the inductance thereof


Angiostatic steroids for use in controlling ocular hypertension are disclosed. Pharmaceutical compositions of the angiostatic steroids and methods for their use in treating ocular hypertension, including controlling the ocular hypertension associated with primary open angle glaucoma, are disclosed. In addition, the combination of the compounds with glucocorticoids for the prevention of elevated IOP during the treatment of inflammation is disclosed.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to angiostatic steroids and their use in methods and compositions for controlling ocular hypertension. Specifically, the invention is directed to new angiostatic steroids, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the angiostatic steroids, and methods of treatment comprising administering these compositions to treat ocular hypertension, including controlling ocular hypertension associated with primary open angle glaucoma. In addition, the compounds can be used in combination with glucocorticoids to control the ocular hypertension very commonly associated with the use of glucocorticoids in the treatment of ocular inflammation.
2. Description of Related Art
Steroids functioning to inhibit angiogenesis in the presence of heparin or specific heparin fragments are disclosed in Crum, et al., A New Class of Steroids Inhibits Angiogenesis in the Presence of Heparin or a Heparin Fragment, Science, Vol.230, pp.1375-1378 (Dec. 20, 1985). The authors refer to such steroids as "angiostatic" steroids. Included within the new class of steroids found to be angiostatic are the dihydro and tetrahydro metabolites of cortisol and cortexolone. In a follow-up study directed to testing a hypothesis as to the mechanism by which the steroids inhibit angiogenesis, it was shown that heparin/angiostatic steroid compositions cause dissolution of the basement membrane scaffolding to which anchorage dependent endothelia are attached resulting in capillary involution; see, Ingber, et al., A Possible Mechanism for Inhibition of Angiogenesis by Angiostatic Steroids: Induction of Capillary Basement Membrane Dissolution, Endocrinology 119, pp.1768-1775 1986).
A group of tetrahydro steroids useful in inhibiting angiogenesis is disclosed in International Patent Application No. PCT/US86/02189, Aristoff, et al., (The Upjohn Company). The compounds are disclosed for use in treating head trauma, spinal trauma, septic or traumatic shock, stroke and hemorrhage shock. In addition, the patent application discusses the utility of these compounds in embryo implantation and in the treatment of cancer, arthritis and arteriosclerosis. The compounds are not disclosed for ophthalmic use.
Tetrahydrocortisol (THF) has been disclosed for its use in lowering the intraocular pressure (IOP) of rabbits made hypertensive with dexamethasone alone, or with dexamethasone/5-beta-dihydrocortisol; see Southren, et al., Intraocular Hypotensive Effect of a Topically Applied Cortisol Metabolite: 3-alpha, 5-beta-tetrahydrocortisol, Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Vol.28 (May, 1987). The authors suggest THF may be useful as an antiglaucoma agent. In U.S. Pat. No. 4,863,912, issued to Southren et al. on Sep. 5, 1989, pharmaceutical compositions containing THF and a method for using these compositions to control intraocular pressure are disclosed. THF has been disclosed as an angiostatic steroid in Folkman, et al., Angiostatic Steroids, Ann. Surg., Vol.206, No. 3 (1987) wherein it is suggested angiostatic steroids may have potential use for diseases dominated by abnormal neovascularization, including diabetic retinopathy, neovascular glaucoma and retrolental fibroplasia.
Many compounds classified as glucocorticoids, such as dexamethasone and prednisolone, are very effective in the treatment of inflammed tissues. When applied topically to the eye to treat ocular inflammation, these compounds cause elevations in intraocular pressure in certain patients. Patients who experience these elevations when treated with glucocorticoids are generally referred to as "steroid responders". The elevations are of particular concern in patients already suffering from elevated intraocular pressures, such as glaucoma patients. In addition, there is always a risk that the use of glucocorticoids in patients with normal intraocular pressures will cause pressure elevations resulting in damage to ocular tissue. Since glucocorticoid therapy is frequently long term (i.e., several days or more), there is potential for significant damage to ocular tissue as a result of prolonged elevations in intraocular pressure attributable to that therapy. Commonly assigned U.S. application Ser. No. 399,351 discloses the use of the angiostatic steroid tetrahydrocortexolone, in combination with a glucocorticoid to prevent the intraocular pressure elevating effect of the glucocorticoid being used in the treatment of ophthalmic inflammation.

Angiostatic steroids and methods and compositions for controlling ocular hypertension


An apparatus for defining a loop handle in a tubular covering, such as an expanded mesh plastic covering, for a food. The apparatus of the present invention includes a frame for supporting the various assemblies that comprise the apparatus and for engaging a support surface such as a floor. The apparatus of the present invention further includes a conveyor assembly, which conveys the food product from a production line and into the slide area or chute. Positioned proximate the distal end of the chute is a voider assembly defined by a stationary set of voider gates and a moveable set of voider gates. Further, the apparatus of the present invention includes a handle formation assembly for engaging the compressed cord of tubular covering and forming the compressed cord into a loop handle and a clipper device for engaging the handle formation assembly, and the engaged compressed cord of tubular covering and securing two clips to the cord, one to secure the bottom of the tubular covering for the previously processed food product, and one to secure the loop handle and for severing the compressed cord of tubular covering at a point disposed between the two securing clips.

Not Applicable
This invention pertains to a food packaging apparatus. More particularly, this invention pertains to a device for defining a loop handle in a tubular covering, such as an expandable mesh covering, for a food product, such as, but not limited to a meat product.
It is known in the food packaging industry to vacuum wrap consumer portions of food products, especially meat products. It is also known in the art to use expanded mesh coverings for food product during processing. To facilitate carrying, it has become customary to provide a tubular cover, such as an expanded plastic mesh cover for the vacuum wrapped food product. Further, this tubular mesh cover has a loop in one end in order to define a handle. Presently, formation of this loop handle is accomplished manually by hand. In this regard, a worker will bag the food product in the tubular expanded mesh covering, gather, or compress, an extended portion at one end, manually loop this extended portion back on itself and then clip the loop, with a conventional clipping apparatus, in order to secure the loop. Conventional clipping machines attach two clips, one to secure the bottom of the next covering to be formed and one to secure the loop handle. The conventional clipping machine then cuts the tubular covering between these two clips. Manual loop formation can limit the rate of production. What is needed is an apparatus for defining a handle in a tubular covering for a food product.
The apparatus of the present invention is a device for covering a food product in a tubular covering, such as an expanded mesh plastic covering, which has a loop handle defined in one end of the tubular covering. As the food product proceeds through the apparatus, a handle is formed for the covering of the next food product and the open end of the tubular covering containing the food product is clipped, thereby securing the food product within the tubular covering. In the preferred embodiment, as the food product enters the apparatus, it is weighed so that a tag (containing certain information regarding the food product as will be known and appreciated by those skilled in the art) can be printed and secured in the loop handle defined in the portion of the tubular member that will receive the food product. While the apparatus described, and illustrated herein has been adapted specifically for bagging vacuum wrapped turkeys, either frozen or unfrozen, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the apparatus can be adapted to define a loop handle in a tubular covering for other poultry products, other meat products and indeed other food products. Indeed, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the device has utility in bundling non-food products as well.
The apparatus of the present invention includes a frame for supporting the various assemblies that comprise the apparatus and for engaging a support surface such as a floor. The frame also includes various guards and shields designed and intended to prevent an operator of the apparatus, or other individuals in close proximity to an operating apparatus, from being injured as a result of contact with moving components of the apparatus. Further, the various components of the apparatus of the present invention are preferably pneumatically driven and are controlled through a series of air valves, controlled by a programmable logic controller, PLC, as is conventionally known in the art. However, while operation of the apparatus by a PLC is preferred, it will be appreciated that the operations could be triggered selectively and sequentially by an operator toggling a series of switches. While selective operation of the apparatus would not be the preferred embodiment, such is certainly within the scope of the present disclosure.
The apparatus of the present invention includes a conveyor belt, preferably motor driven, which conveys the food product from a production line and into the slide area or chute. An initial conveyor stand and associated scale can be provided for weighing product prior to introducing the product into the slide area. While the conveyors are illustrated as being motor driven, those skilled in the art will recognize that other actuators, such as rotary actuators, could be utilized. It is anticipated that the conveyor would intersect a production line allowing a worker to remove a food product from the production line, weigh the product, if weight information is desired, and feed the food product onto the conveyor of the apparatus. The chute is a substantially tubular member which has the tubular covering expanded on the exterior of the chute, and positioned with respect to the distal end of the chute such that the food product will engage the tubular covering and thereby be covered by the tubular covering as the food product exits the chute. Positioned proximate the distal end of the chute is a voider assembly defined by a stationary set of voider gates and a moveable set of voider gates. Each set of voider gates includes a top voider plate and a bottom voider plate, each voider plate having an opening that is adapted to be positioned so as to substantially register with the opening defined by the diameter of the chute. The stationary set of voider gates is proximate the distal end of the chute. When in the retracted position, the moveable set of voider gates is proximate the stationary set voider gate. As will be explained in greater detail below, the openings in the top and bottom voider plates include cooperating bites that cooperate, and register, when the voider plates are closed so as to gather the tubular covering into a compressed cord.
Further, the apparatus of the present invention includes a handle formation assembly for engaging the compressed cord of tubular covering and forming the compressed cord into a loop handle. A clipper device, carried by the frame of the apparatus of the present invention rotates into a position to engage the handle formation assembly, and the engaged compressed cord of tubular covering and secures two clips to the cord, one to secure the bottom of the tubular covering for the previously processed food product, and one to secure the loop handle, (and tag), for the tubular covering in preparation of receiving a subsequent food product to be covered. Further a clipping knife severs the compressed cord of tubular covering at a point disposed between the two securing clips. A product restraining assembly is provided to capture and restrain the food product as it passes through the voider gate assembly, position the covered food product for clipping and to release the food product upon completion of the apparatus""s handle formation and clipping cycle.
In an alternate embodiment, the device, absent the handle formation assembly, could be utilized for certain packing plant operations. In this regard, in certain packing plant operations, product is packaged in an expanded mesh covering. However, it is not necessary to form a loop handle in the package. Accordingly, for such operations, the handle formation assembly could either be deactivated or omitted.

Device for defining a handle in a tubular covering for a food product


A connector 100 comprises an optical module which has an optical element which is mounted on a mounting surface of a circuit board, said mounting surface being vertical to a connection direction of said connector and an optical waveguide member 140 which has a clad part 142 and a core part 143 which is formed inside of the clad part 142, the optical waveguide member 140 being provided with a first end face 144 which is arranged facing the mounting surface of the circuit board 131 and a second end face 145 at an opposite side to the first end face 144, the core part 143 being formed so as to propagate light between an optical fiber 241 which is supported by another connector 200 which is arranged facing the second end face 145 and the optical element 132.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a connector.
2. Description of the Related Art
In the field of signal transmission, in particular the field of optical signal transmission, an optical waveguide member is known as a light propagating element which is able to additionally give functions of an optical switch, optical coupler, etc. In recent years, so-called "polymer optical waveguide members" made from polymer materials have been developed.
In this regard, known in the art is a connector which is provided with a photoelectric conversion module which is provided with a circuit board which has a photoelectric conversion element for converting an electrical signal and an optical signal between each other (hereinafter referred to as "optical element") mounted on one surface of the same (hereinafter referred to as "the mounting surface") (hereinafter referred to as "the optical module") and with an optical waveguide member which is arranged on the mounting surface of the circuit board and which guides light involved in a photoelectric conversion action of the optical element (that is, the light emitting action or light receiving action) in a direction parallel to the mounting surface (for example, see Japanese Patent Publication (A) No. 2007-241200).


The present disclosure relates to mobile applications and, more particularly, to systems and processes of automated application publishing using back end systems. A method is implemented in a computer infrastructure having computer executable code tangibly embodied on a computer readable storage medium and having programming instructions operable to: automatically generating a unique identification for each version of an app uploaded to a back end system; and uploading the app and its collateral with the unique identification to one or more management instances which are compatible with the back end system.

Currently for an enterprise to deploy an application (e.g., app) created by a development tool there is a significant amount of manual effort involved, even when using an Enterprise Mobility Management (EMM) solution and/or Mobile Application Management (MAM) solution. In the industry, the standard is for an administrator to receive the application (e.g., app) binary file and collateral information (e.g., screenshots, platform specific icons, guidebooks, etc.) and then manually upload all of it to a distribution solution, e.g., enterprise store. This creates significant workload to process and maintain vast catalogues of apps and upgrades, as well as being an error prone system.
Further, for a developer working on an app (new or an upgrade), there is commonly a need to deploy the app in a beta stage to devices to obtain real world testing and feedback. Installing the app requires handing the app off to an EMM/MAM solution administrator, to be manually deployed as described above to a select group of testers. Complicating the process further, these beta apps commonly need to be manually removed from user's devices and the app server. Additionally, when the app is an upgrade version, frequently the test users already have a production version of the app on their device that would be in conflict with the beta version.

Preview and publishing of mobile applications


A system and a method of controlling a blower of a vehicle. The method includes detecting, by a controller, a turning of a key to an off position of the vehicle. In addition, the controller is configured to detect whether a high voltage DC-DC converter and a high voltage battery are normally operated in response to detecting the turning of the key to an off position. Regenerative energy generated by a regenerative brake operation of the blower is transmitted by the controller through two different paths based on whether the high voltage DC-DC converter and the high voltage battery are normally operated.

(a) Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a system and method of controlling a blower of a fuel cell vehicle, and more particularly, to a system and method of controlling a blower of a fuel cell vehicle capable of shortening a time for stopping an operation of a blower at the time of turning a key to an off position of a fuel cell vehicle.
(b) Description of the Related Art
In general, a fuel cell refers to a type of electric power generator which does not convert chemical energy of fuel into heat by combustion, but converts the chemical energy into electrical energy in a fuel cell stack by an electrochemical reaction. The fuel cell is widely used for supplying electric power to drive electrical and electronic products as well as industrial and household appliances and vehicles.
A polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell among the fuel cells, which is used as an energy source for driving a vehicle, includes a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) including an electrolyte membrane, through which hydrogen ions pass, and catalyst electrode layers, in which an electrochemical reaction occurs, attached to both sides of the electrolyte membrane, a gas diffusion layer that uniformly distributes reactant gases and transmits generated electrical energy, a gasket and a fastening device that maintain airtightness of the reactant gases and a coolant and a proper fastening pressure, and a separation plate that moves the reactant gases and the coolant.
In the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell, hydrogen which is fuel and oxygen (e.g., air) which is an oxidant are supplied to an anode and a cathode of the membrane electrode assembly through a flow path of the separation plate, respectively, and the oxygen (e.g., air) is supplied to the cathode while the hydrogen is supplied to the anode.
The hydrogen supplied to the anode is decomposed into hydrogen ions and electrons by a catalyst of the electrode layer disposed on both sides of the electrolyte membrane, and only the hydrogen ions are selectively transmitted to the cathode through the electrolyte membrane, which is a positive ion exchange membrane, and simultaneously, the electrons are transmitted to the cathode through the gas diffusion layer and the separation plate, which are conductors.
At the cathode, the hydrogen ions supplied through the electrolyte membrane and the electrons transmitted through the separation plate come into contact with the oxygen from air supplied to the cathode by an air supplying apparatus and cause a reaction that produces water. Additionally, the flow of electrons through an external conducting wire, which is generated by movement of the hydrogen ions, generates a current.
The air supplying apparatus includes an air cleaner that filters foreign substances found in air, an air blower that compresses and supplies the air filtered by the air cleaner, and a controller (e.g., blower pump control unit, BPCU) that operates the air blower.
In the fuel cell vehicle having the aforementioned air supplying apparatus, it is necessary to prevent the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) from drying by shutting off the air supply into the fuel cell stack by rapidly reducing a rotation speed of the air blower, which is operated at a substantially high speed when the vehicle is turned off via a regenerative brake operation.
However, while a high voltage battery may be charged with regenerative energy generated by the regenerative brake operation of the air blower when all high voltage components of the fuel cell vehicle are normal, it may not be possible to stop the air blower rapidly using the regenerative brake operation when the high voltage battery or a high voltage DC-DC converter (HDC) fails.
The above information disclosed in this section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the invention and therefore it may contain information that does not form the prior art that is already known in this country to a person of ordinary skill in the art.

Method of controlling air blower of fuel cell vehicle


The present invention provides an apparatus and a method for producing a silicon semiconductor single crystal which can stabilize and homogenize an amount of precipitated oxygen in the direction of the crystal growth axis when growing a silicon semiconductor single crystal. The apparatus for producing a silicon semiconductor single crystal by the Czochralski method comprises a main growth furnace having a crucible retaining silicon melt disposed therein for growing a silicon semiconductor single crystal, and an upper growth furnace for housing therein and cooling the silicon semiconductor single crystal pulled from the silicon melt, wherein the upper growth furnace communicated to a ceiling section of the main growth furnace is provided with an upper insulating member for surrounding a pulled silicon semiconductor single crystal.

The present invention relates to an apparatus for producing a silicon semiconductor single crystal using the Czochralski method (referred to as a CZ method hereinafter), and a method for producing a silicon semiconductor single crystal with the apparatus.
Conventionally, in the growth of a silicon semiconductor single crystal using the CZ method, polysilicon is charged in a crucible provided in a growth furnace of an apparatus for producing a silicon semiconductor single crystal, the polysilicon is melted to silicon melt by heating the polysilicon with a heater provided around the crucible, and after a seed crystal is dipped into the melt, the seed crystal is pulled above the silicon melt while rotating it gently to grow a silicon semiconductor single crystal having a substantially cylindrical constant diameter portion. Then the pulled silicon semiconductor single crystal is cut and ground to leave the constant diameter portion, and becomes a silicon semiconductor wafer through a wafer shaping process. The thus obtained silicon semiconductor wafer is used as a semiconductor device substrate for fabricating an integrated circuit or the like on the surface layer of which is formed an electric circuit.
In the process of forming an electric circuit on the surface layer of the silicon semiconductor wafer, oxygen atoms contained in the silicon semiconductor wafer bond to silicon atoms to form oxide precipitates such as BMD (Bulk Micro Defect) inside the silicon semiconductor wafer. It is known that the oxide precipitates such as BMD capture (or getter) excess contamination atoms such as heavy metal atoms contaminated in the semiconductor device fabricating process to improve properties and yields of semiconductor devices. Therefore, by using a silicon semiconductor wafer substrate containing larger amounts of oxide precipitates such as BMD, it is possible to improve yields of semiconductor devices formed on a surface layer of the substrate.
The amount of oxide precipitates depends on a concentration of oxygen originally contained in the silicon semiconductor wafer as well as on thermal history of the silicon semiconductor wafer for a period from during the crystal growth up to just prior to the semiconductor device fabricating process. However, generally there is a standard for a concentration of oxygen contained in a silicon semiconductor wafer, which cannot be changed readily.
Also it is known that in the silicon semiconductor single crystal, even if distribution of an oxygen concentration in the direction of the growth axis is homogeneous, distribution of the amount of precipitated oxygen exists in a state where it is relatively large in the seed side of the grown crystal and is relatively small in the melt side. It is considered that this phenomenon is due to the distribution in the axial direction of thermal history in a relatively low temperature zone where nuclei of the oxide precipitates are formed and grow in the single crystal.
Then there is disclosed a technique for adjusting the thermal history to a desired value during a processing period from growing a silicon semiconductor single crystal up to manufacturing a silicon semiconductor wafer therefrom. For instance, JPA 83-120591 discloses a method of increasing oxygen precipitation by heating a silicon semiconductor single crystal during its growth to adjust the thermal history, and in JPA 90-263792, the method of annealing a silicon semiconductor single crystal after its growth and the like are examined.
In the method of heating a silicon semiconductor single crystal during its growth, however, there are required large scale reconstruction for installing a heating apparatus of heating a grown silicon semiconductor single crystal in a producing apparatus and a power for heating the grown crystal; the method cannot be regarded as an efficient method from the viewpoint of cost and operability. Further, a temperature balance during growth of a silicon semiconductor single crystal is forcibly changed, so that dislocations are created in the grown crystal, thereby the commercialization thereof being disadvantageously impossible.
On the other hand, in the method of annealing a silicon semiconductor single crystal after its growth, it is conceivable to anneal the silicon semiconductor single crystal in the ingot state or in the wafer state, but an expensive apparatus is required in either case, and in addition, running cost for the apparatus for annealing as described above is generally high, and therefore this method is inefficient in view of the production cost. Further, this method in which oxygen precipitation in a crystal is controlled by means of annealing has such troubles as contamination by heavy metals during the annealing process; so such problems persist in this method.
With the foregoing drawbacks of the prior art in view, it is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus and a method for producing a silicon semiconductor single crystal which can stabilize and homogenize an amount of precipitated oxygen in the direction of the crystal growth axis when growing a silicon semiconductor single crystal.
To achieve the above described object, an apparatus for producing a silicon semiconductor single crystal according to the present invention resides in an apparatus for producing a silicon semiconductor single crystal by the Czochralski method which comprises a main growth furnace having a crucible retaining silicon melt disposed therein for growing a silicon semiconductor single crystal, and an upper growth furnace for housing therein and cooling the silicon semiconductor single crystal pulled from the silicon melt, wherein the upper growth furnace communicated to a ceiling section of the main growth furnace is provided with an upper insulating member for surrounding a pulled silicon semiconductor single crystal.
To make oxygen precipitated more in a silicon semiconductor single crystal, it is necessary to form therein nuclei for causing oxygen precipitation during crystal growth and to make the nuclei grown to large sizes. When a silicon semiconductor single crystal is subjected to heat treatment at a constant temperature, nuclei of oxide precipitates larger than the critical radius at the temperature grow to larger sizes, while those smaller than the critical radius are annihilated from inside of the silicon semiconductor single crystal. The critical radius of the nuclei of oxide precipitates becomes larger as the heat treatment temperature becomes higher. Therefore, to form BMD capable of gettering contaminants in a silicon semiconductor wafer, it is important to make the nuclei of oxide precipitates to sizes where the nuclei are not annihilated with heat treatment in the semiconductor device fabricating process. For that purpose, it is necessary to make the nuclei of oxide precipitates larger by adding heat treatment or thermal history more at a lower temperature than the heat treatment temperature in the semiconductor device fabricating process.
After a silicon semiconductor single crystal is formed in a growth furnace in a silicon semiconductor single crystal producing apparatus, the silicon semiconductor single crystal is pulled into the upper growth furnace and is allowed to cool down therein; therefore by adjusting the cooling rate at the low temperature section to a desired value, the silicon semiconductor single crystal is able to receive thermal history more to promote the formation of BMD.
To easily grow the silicon semiconductor single crystal having such quality as described above, the simple and best method is to arrange an upper insulating member for keeping warm a crystal pulled into the upper growth furnace such that the silicon semiconductor single crystal receives sufficiently thermal history at the low temperature section when the silicon semiconductor single crystal cools down. The upper insulating member may have a length almost similar to the full length of the upper growth furnace or may be arranged so as to keep warm at least about one twentieth of the full length of the upper growth furnace. When a length of the upper insulating member arranged in the upper growth furnace is less than one twentieth of the full length of the upper growth furnace, it is difficult to realize the sufficient keeping warm effect.
To sufficiently and suitably achieve the keeping warm effect for a silicon semiconductor single crystal at a low temperature area, a temperature inside the upper growth furnace communicated to the ceiling section of the growth furnace provided in the apparatus for producing a silicon semiconductor single crystal is 800xc2x0 C. or less, or the upper growth furnace is arranged such that, even when a length of the upper insulating member is minimal, a temperature section of from 400xc2x0 C. to 650xc2x0 C. is kept warm; by adjusting the upper insulating member in such a way that thermal history of the silicon semiconductor single crystal in the above described temperature area become longer, it is possible to make the amount of precipitated oxygen larger and also to ensure stable oxygen precipitation along the full length of a crystal.
Especially, with an apparatus for producing a silicon semiconductor single crystal having the construction of the inventive apparatus, when growing a silicon semiconductor single crystal, as a first half portion of the crystal corresponding to the seed crystal side passes through the insulating member arranged in the upper growth furnace during growth of a second half portion of the crystal, it can receive sufficiently thermal history in the low temperature section; although the second half portion of the silicon semiconductor single crystal does not pass through the insulating member during growth of the single crystal, when the silicon semiconductor single crystal is pulled into the upper growth furnace and cooled down to such a low temperature as the silicon semiconductor single crystal can be taken out, the second half portion is surrounded by the insulating member of the upper growth furnace, so that the second half portion can receive sufficiently thermal history in the low temperature section like the first halt portion of the silicon semiconductor single crystal even after the crystal is separated from the silicon melt.
By taking the above described countermeasures, although there is generated a slight difference between the first half potion and the second half portion of the crystal in terms of the time when the silicon semiconductor single crystal is kept warm at a low temperature due to operating conditions for growing the silicon semiconductor single crystal or other reasons, the difference in an amount of precipitated oxygen between the first half portion and the second half portion of the crystal is substantially smaller as compared to that when the insulating member is not used; it is possible to obtain a crystal with the amount of precipitated oxygen homogenized along the full length of the crystal straight body.
Further, an amount of precipitated oxygen generated in a silicon semiconductor single crystal depends largely on the duration of thermal history in the low temperature section when the crystal is cooled down; by adjusting a length of the upper insulating member arranged in the upper growth furnace of the producing apparatus to a kind or a quality of a silicon semiconductor single crystal to be grown, it is possible to more efficiently grow a silicon semiconductor single crystal having a desired amount of precipitated oxygen. An upper insulating member in the upper growth furnace may be exchanged with one having a different length, whenever growing a silicon semiconductor single crystal, according to a crystal kind such as a diameter and a length of the silicon semiconductor single crystal to be pulled or an oxygen concentration in the crystal. Also it is preferable to provide a plurality of upper insulating members themselves piled up in the direction of the crystal growth axis in the upper growth furnace, so that the number of the upper insulating members can be changed for changing a temperature range of a lower temperature section of the crystal to be kept warm according to a desired amount of precipitated oxygen in the silicon semiconductor single crystal.
With the above described producing apparatus, it is possible to adjust suitably a temperature range width of a low temperature section of a crystal to be kept warm by changing a length of the upper insulating member arranged in the upper growth furnace; it is possible to control an amount of precipitated oxygen in the silicon semiconductor single crystal to be pulled to a desired value.
On the other hand, the upper insulating member arranged in the upper growth furnace for keeping warm the silicon semiconductor single crystal is exposed to a high temperature ranging from several hundreds c to about 800xc2x0 C. even in the upper growth furnace; it is preferable to use an upper insulating member made of the materials shaped from the same carbon fiber as the insulating member for a heater or the like provided in the growth furnace for growing a silicon semiconductor single crystal. Further, in order to prevent impurities or the like out of the insulating member from flying into the growth furnace, it is desirable to cover a surface of the upper insulating member with high purity graphite materials or high purity graphite materials with a surface coated with a film of pyrolytic carbon or silicon carbide, or with metallic materials containing a metal selected from the group consisting of iron, nickel, chromium, copper, titanium, tungsten, and molybdenum as the main ingredient.
With the apparatus described above, as an amount of precipitated oxygen in a silicon semiconductor single crystal in the direction of the crystal growth axis can be stabilized almost uniformly, there is reduced variations in an amount of precipitated oxygen between individual products generated when silicon semiconductor wafers obtained from respective portions of a crystal are subjected to heat treatment of some kind such as device simulation in the next process; therefore it is possible to stabilize device quantity and production yield.
A first aspect of the method for producing a silicon semiconductor single crystal according to the present invention is to produce the silicon semiconductor single crystal by the use of the apparatus for producing a silicon semiconductor single crystal according to the present invention.
A second aspect of the method for producing a silicon semiconductor single crystal according to the present invention resides in a method for producing a silicon semiconductor single crystal by the Czochralski method, wherein the silicon semiconductor single crystal pulled from a crucible is grown keeping warm a portion thereof with a temperature of 800xc2x0 C. or less without heating it from the outside.

Apparatus and method for producing silicon semiconductor single crystal


A computer-implemented method for detecting illegitimate applications may include 1) identifying an installation of an application on a computing system, 2) determining, in response to identifying the installation of the application, that at least one system file with privileged access on the computing system has changed prior to the installation of the application, 3) determining that the application is illegitimate based at least in part on a time of the installation of the application relative to a time of a change to the system file, and 4) performing a remediation action on the application in response to determining that the application is illegitimate. Various other methods, systems, and computer-readable media are also disclosed.

With the rise of mobile computing, consumers may now access the Internet from anywhere. Mobile computing devices such as cellular telephones, tablet computers, e-book readers, and the like have become a ubiquitous part of everyday life. However, the ability to access the Internet from these devices also brings the various dangers of the Internet to these devices. Untrusted sources for mobile applications may offer malicious applications for download. Furthermore, trusted sources, such as digital distribution platforms (or "application stores") for some mobile platforms may sometimes inadvertently host malware. Additionally, malicious web pages may exploit vulnerabilities in web browser software that may allow malware to be downloaded to a user's mobile computing device. In some cases, malware may gain root access on a user's mobile computing device, modifying system files and/or installing illegitimate applications without the user's awareness.
Traditional anti-malware techniques may attempt to combat malware by searching application package files for specific strings and/or byte code sequences. However, these traditional techniques may be costly to perform on mobile platforms. Furthermore, these traditional techniques may be ineffective because malware authors may regularly modify their malware in an attempt to circumvent commonly employed static-string-based malware-detection mechanisms. Accordingly, the instant disclosure identifies a need for additional and improved systems and methods for detecting malware.

Systems and methods for detecting illegitimate applications


The present invention provides a dewatering device for an air-conditioning system of a plane, comprising: one or more filter plates disposed within a mixing cavity of an air-conditioning system of a plane, for filtering liquid-state water in mixed air in the mixing cavity, wherein the filter plates are configured to be inclinable relative to an axis of the mixing cavity, and an inclination angle thereof is adjustable so as to change a filtering amount of the mixed air.

A basic function of the air conditioning system of a plane is to adjust air from the ambience, which has been processed by an air-conditioning assembly, into desired air-conditioned air with appropriate temperature and humidity. This air-conditioned air is distributed inside a cabin through an air-conditioning pipeline.
Commercial aircrafts generally have a wide operation range and a special use environment. Its external environment changes greatly. Therefore, in some areas or hot working conditions of some areas, the humidity of ambient air will be very high. The external air with a relatively high humidity, after being subject to cooling processing by a refrigeration assembly of the air conditioning system of the airplane, the air temperature will drop while the relative humidity rises. When the relative humidity of the air reaches 100%, liquid water will exist in the air. Further, when the liquid water in the air-conditioned air reaches a certain concentration, it will enter into a cabin along the air-conditioning distribution pipeline, thereby forming "rain within cabin."
For example, In Sanya, Hainan where the temperature and humidity are usually very high, the moisture content of the air in July amounts to 19 k/kg dry air, which corresponds to a dew-point temperature of 23.5° C. That is, when an absolute humidity of the ambient air is constant and the temperature drops to 23.5° C., liquid water will be precipitated from the air. This is liquid water in the air.
On the other hand, when the humidity within the cabin is relatively high, the humidity of recycled air will also be high; while the relatively high temperature of the recycled air causes moisture in the recycled air to exist in a gas state before the moisture in the recycled air enters into a mixing cavity. After the recycled air enters into the mixing cavity, it is mixed with fresh air-conditioned air from the air conditioning assembly, and the temperature will drop rapidly. When the temperature is lower than the dew point temperature of the mixed air, moisture in the mixed air will be transformed into a liquid state from a gas state.
Further, when the air temperature is below 0° C., the liquid-state water in the air will form ice particles; as a result, ice-block will occur to a downstream condenser of refrigeration assembly of the air-conditioner system.
In order to effectively prevent occurrence of the ice-block phenomenon, current three-wheel-type refrigeration assembly cannot drop the air temperature too lowly at an outlet of the air-conditioning assembly. Although the three-wheel-type refrigeration assembly dewaters by high pressure such that the dewatering efficiency has been enhanced somewhat compared with earlier air conditioning assemblies, the three-wheel-type refrigeration assembly cannot remove completely the moisture in the air-conditioned air due to influence of ice-block on three-wheel-type refrigeration assembly. Therefore, under a working condition of a higher ambient air humidity (e.g., hot ground), liquid-state water or even ice will always exist in the air-conditioned air of the air-conditioning assembly. Currently, the dewatering efficiency of a newer model full-electricity air-conditioning assembly is also limited by air pressure conditions and the efficiency of the dewatering device such that it cannot effectively remove moisture in the air in the air-conditioning assembly.
Such liquid-state water or ice which fails to be removed timely will always enter into the cabin along an air-conditioning pipeline, and the crews and passengers will feel the water dropping phenomenon within the cabin, thereby reducing the comfort degree in the cabin.
FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of a dewatering mechanism of a three-wheeled air-conditioning system in the prior art. As illustrated in FIG. 1, a water separating device is additionally mounted between a condenser and a regenerator of the air-conditioning assembly. The water separating device increases a momentum of water drops in a mechanical way to remove free water drops in the air. However, due to limitation of air temperature, not all moisture in the air is precipitated into free water drops. Extra moisture in the air will further form free water drops after the air passes through a turbine, while this part of free water drops formed through the turbine will usually enters into the cabin along with the air, which dampens the comfort of crews and passengers in the cabin; meanwhile, it will also cause corrosion of a fuselage structure or increase a fault rate of electrical appliances within the cabin.
FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic diagram of a dewatering mechanism of a four-wheel type air conditioning system in the prior art. Similar to FIG. 1, in the four-wheel type air conditioning system in FIG. 2, a water separating device is also additionally mounted between the condenser and the regenerator of the air conditioning assembly to remove free water drops in the air. However, although the dewatering efficiency of the four-wheel type air conditioning system is slightly higher than a three-wheel type air conditioning system, it cannot remove liquid-state water regenerated within the mixing cavity.
Therefore, the air-conditioning system above cannot effectively control liquid-state water content in the air entering into the cabin.

Dewatering device for an air conditioning system of a plane

COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT CORPORATION OF CHINA, LTD SHANGHAI AIRCRAFT DESIGN AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE


Implementations of the present application provide a wireless communication method, a network device, and a terminal device. The network device implicitly indicates a resource scheduling mode and/or a reference signal transmission mode by means of a downlink control information format (DCI format). The method may include: sending downlink control information DCI to a terminal device by using a first DCI format among multiple DCI formats; and transmitting a data channel by using a resource scheduling mode corresponding to the first DCI format.

In a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, resource scheduling is scheduling based on a slot, and the unit of each resource scheduling is a slot or subframe. In a New Radio (NR) system, scheduling of a resource may be based on the scheduling of a slot or the scheduling of a symbol. However, at present, a network device (e.g., base station) needs additional indication information to indicate which manner to be used for the resource scheduling, which will bring additional control signaling overhead, increase blind detection complexity for a terminal device to search for Downlink Control Information (DCI) and bring more power consumption.

Wireless communication method, network device, and terminal device

GUANGDONG OPPO MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP., LTD.


A method and apparatus is provided for adjusting a pallet for supporting workpieces, the pallet having a pair of spaced workpiece support blocks, one of which is rotatable and presents a plurality of support surfaces. Each of the support surfaces having a different depth such that by rotation of the rotatable block with respect to the other, workpieces of differing lengths can be adjustably supported on the pallet between the blocks.

Apparatuses for supporting work pieces in automated assembly line production techniques are known in the art. These apparatuses are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,787,505; 4,492,301; 5,060,780; 5,099,978; and 5,115,901.
Pallet conveyor systems are commonly used in automated assembly lines. A work piece that is to be assembled, machined or operated on rests on the support blocks which are mounted on the pallet. The pallets act as both a support for the part to be assembled and also as a method for transporting the part from one assembly station to the next. To move from one assembly station to the next, a conveyor system transports the pallet and the part along the assembly line where each workstation performs a specific operation on the part. These processes typically use a plurality of pallets and workstations.
In one common system, a belt conveyor frictionally drives the pallet from one assembly station to the next. When the pallet arrives at a work station, the pallet is stopped and the workstation begins its operation. To work on the part, the work station either removes the part from the pallet, works on the part as it rests on the pallet or removes the entire pallet from the conveyor to perform its work operations. When the work station concludes its operations, the part is returned to the pallet and the pallet is released to continue down the assembly line, or the entire pallet is replaced on the conveyor to continue down the assembly line.


Disclosed are Video coding and decoding devices, methods and system thereof, in which the video coding device comprises a video coder for performing video coding on a frame including a plurality of macroblocks by a predefined coding technique so as to output a normal coded stream and for outputting a prediction error value for each of the macroblocks obtained through inter-frame movement prediction, a grading means for grading the macroblocks based on the prediction error values and allocating redundant bit to macroblocks at respective grades, a redundant coder for generating redundant information indicated by corresponding redundant bit for each of the graded macroblock, and a merger means for merging said normal coded stream and said redundant information to generate a final coded stream. With the configuration of the present invention, bit rate will not be increased significantly with content transmission quality being guaranteed.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a field of video transmission, such as videophone conference system, and more particularly to a video coding device, a video decoding device, a video coding method, a video decoding method and a system thereof, which divide and hierarchically encode various video contents according to predefined criteria and then transmit them so as to ensure QoS for the transmitted video contents.
2. Description of Prior Art
In an IP-based network environment, it is difficult to effectively guarantee the video transmission quality for video conference thanks to unreliability of network transmission. Well-known methods generally adopt retransmission mechanism or add redundant information. Retransmission, however, usually increases the load on network, and in the case of adding redundant information, since video itself has a great amount of data, it is required that more redundant information has to be added to achieve more reliable guarantee for transmission quality.
At present, various video coding and decoding algorithms have been proposed, for example, Main Profile in H.264 provides a Redundant Slices technique. This technique, however, applies a same method for adding redundant information to any content information, and thus cannot effectively provide corresponding protections for different video contents. Therefore, QoS for video content cannot be guaranteed in the case of a bad network quality.

Video coding and decoding devices and methods and systems thereof


A propulsion system for ships having an impeller (13, 14), a stator shell (1), and an impeller housing (3) for achieving a water jet, a shaft (11, 12) for the propulsion of the impeller (13), and a bearing arrangement for the shaft (11, 12) in the stator shell (1), and preferably a sealing (15) of the shaft (11, 12) in the impeller housing (3), wherein the shaft (11, 12) consists of a light weight shaft, which has considerably lower bending rigidity than a homogenous, conventional steel shaft, and the driving force is transmitted via at least one non-flexible coupling (11B, 12A) and via the bearing arrangement which is rigid as to bending and handles the axial load, to the stator shell (1), such that a high power density is achieved.

The present invention relates to a propulsion system for ships, which propulsion system comprises one or several impellers for generating a force that drives the ship forward. The impeller, being rotatable in an impeller house by means of the driving shaft, is provided with blades of the propeller type, which produce the jet stream backwards.
The propulsion of ships, preferably fast moving ships, both military and civilian ones, through water jet arrangement, comprising impellers are generally known. The housing surrounding the rotating impeller provided with blades is fixedly mounted to the rear portion of the hull. The impeller is typically driven by a steel shaft extending towards the stem by suitable arrangements that in turn are driven by one or several engines within the hull. A tube-like water inlet, which slopes somewhat downwards in the moving direction, is provided in front of the impeller housing in order to supply a large amount of water. The driving shaft thus runs through said tubular water inlet. The ship is controlled by means of steering devices downstream the impeller housing (or housings), which may direct the jet stream in different directions. The jet stream may also be directed forwards to give a decelerating effect.
As the driving shaft of the impeller extends through the water inlet, the incoming flow of water to the impeller is disturbed to some extent, which implies that an unevenly distributed load on the blades of the impeller is created. Said uneven load implies that a bending moment is transferred to the impeller inwards towards the attachment point of the impeller. Because of these varying forces influencing the impeller and its attachment point, very high requirements are put on the arrangement of the bearings and scalings. It is known from SE 424 845 (corresponding to U.S. Pat. No. 4,474,561) to solve said problem by arranging the impeller fixedly mounted to the shaft and to arrange a bearing arrangement allowing a certain angle deviation. However, said solution requires a design with a bending rigid driving shaft (in order not to risk too great angle deviations), which design thus is very heavy. It is not unusual that only the weight of the driving shaft in such a design amounts to about 10% of the total weight of the water jet device (including the weight of the pump unit including stator part with guide vanes, thrust and journal bearing arrangement, impeller and impeller housing and the steering and reversing gear). Another known solution is shown in SE 457 165 (corresponding to U.S. Pat. No. 5,045,002) and SE 504 604, wherein a bearing arrangement is used which cannot handle angle deviations and wherein a flexible coupling between the driving shaft and the impeller is used instead, the coupling being intended to handle the angle deviations. Also said last mentioned solution leads to a heavy design, especially since the coupling as such implies an additional weight. Further, it implies a considerable drawback as the coupling is provided at a critical position as to flow, which implies that it is difficult to obtain optimal flow conditions.
The design described in SE 424 845 has satisfactory properties per se, but as mentioned it is heavy because of the rigid, conventional impeller shaft. In certain applications, especially military ones, it is of great importance to reduce the weight and at the same time to obtain optimal flow conditions with devices loaded to a high degree, which implies that conventional water jet design may not be used. Another reason to it not being desirable to use a coupling in connection with such applications is that the coupling implies a power limitation. It is realized that a detail that limits the power transmission is not desirable in such applications, as, especially with such applications, it many times is desirable to be able to transfer a lot of power, often in the interval of 3-30 MW. For long it has been a desire to reduce the weight by replacing the conventional impeller shaft by a lighter shaft and at the same time to eliminate the need of a flexible coupling. Hitherto, that has not been put into practice by anyone.
Indeed it is mentioned in SE 504 604 that the flexible coupling may be eliminated. However, it is not described how this may be achieved. Moreover, there is no indication how the high stresses from a bending rigid shaft might be handled. The design according to SE 504 604 instead shows the use of a flexible coupling and is directed to an embodiment, which makes it possible to dismount the bearing unit backwards. This implies i.a. that the guide vanes, which transmit the force from the impeller to the stator shell, must have a very limited extension. This implies in turn that the possibility of achieving an optimal solution as to weight, flow and strength is limited. Above all, it implies the great drawback that the possibility to transmit very large powers is in principle not practically achievable. Thus, the design does not offer the possibility to good power density (with power density is meant the maximal power output divided with the weight of the water jet unit, comprising the weight of the pump unit including stator part with guide vanes, thrust and journal bearing arrangement, impeller and impeller housing and the steering and reversing gear), i.e. the weight will be comparatively high in relation to the maximal power which may be transmitted. With this design it is probably difficult to achieve a power density above 1.0 kW/kg for a water jet having an inlet diameter above 1 m, which is an undesired and serious limitation. As is evident for the skilled man the power density for the same kind of design does decrease with increased size.
An objective of the invention is to find an optimal solution of the above described complex of problems. Said objective is achieved by a propulsion system for ships comprising an impeller, a stator shell, and an impeller housing for achieving a water jet, a shaft for the propulsion of the impeller, and a bearing arrangement for the shaft in the stator shell, and preferably a sealing of the shaft in the impeller housing, wherein the shaft consists of a light weight shaft, which has considerably lower bending rigidity than a conventional steel shaft, and the driving force is transmitted via at least one non-flexible coupling and via said bearing arrangement which is rigid as to bending and handles the axial load, to the stator shell, such that a high power density is achieved.
Because of the use of a light weight shaft, which becomes comparatively weak as to bending, conditions are created to use a bearing arrangement which is rigid with reference to bending moments and which handles an axial load and at the same time for using non-flexible couplings (e.g. attachment by screws) between the impeller and the end portion of the driving shaft. At the same time, the comparatively weak driving shaft meet the objective to achieve a weight reduction. Further, it makes a cost saving possible with reference to the shaft as the choice of material is optimised in this respect. The shaft may thus be made comparatively slender, and because of the preferred attachment directly against the impeller, optimal conditions are obtained to create as good flow paths as possible, which in turn may imply reduced bending forces influencing the bearing arrangement of the impeller.
According to a preferred embodiment of such a driving system, the driving shaft consists at least mainly of a composite material. Above all, a composite shaft has the great advantage that very low weights may be obtained. A weight reduction of up to 70% as compared to a conventional steel shaft is possible. Further, the advantage is obtained that a composite shaft is exceptionally bendable, which is an advantage with reference to the bearing arrangement. A low bending rigidity is also desirable and a composite shaft may give a reduction of the bending rigidity of about 80% as compared to a conventional, homogenous steel shaft.
According to another aspect, the composite shaft comprises a tubular frame of a first fibrous material, preferably carbon fibre, surrounded by a layer of a second fibrous material, preferably glass fibre, and preferably an outermost erosion protection of an erosion resistant material, preferably polyurethane. As the driving shaft partly lies in the water flow, which may contain some hard and/or abrasive objects, and as a composite shaft, e.g. of carbon fibre, is sensitive to impacts, a preferred embodiment is such a shaft with an impact resistant layer and a protective layer, respectively, which minimises the risk for breakdowns.
According to an additional aspect of the invention, at least some portion of said impeller housing is made of a light weight material, preferably comprising carbon fibre, wherein preferably said portion of the impeller housing is coated with a protective surface, preferably polyurethane. It is the solution according to the invention, which creates the conditions for this additional weight reduction. The reason is that the very bending rigid bearing mounting of the impeller, which in practice is free from play, implies that extremely a good positioning of the impeller blades is obtained with reference to the housing, so that the risk for contact between the ends of the blades and the impeller housing is in principle eliminated. Thus, the solution according to the invention implies that one with larger safety gets the possibility to reduce the weight of the impeller housing, i.e. one may use xe2x80x9cweakerxe2x80x9d and/or thinner material for the impeller housing.
According to further potential aspects:
said bearing arrangement consists of a spherical axial bearing in combination with a conical roller bearing;
the bearings in the impeller housing are lubricated with oil or grease and sealed to the environment by an axially resilient sealing provided in front of the front bearing;
at least one portion of said impeller housing is made of light weight material, preferably comprising carbon fibre;
the inlet diameter D of said impeller housing is between 0.5-2 m and that the power density is at least 0.5+(2xe2x88x92D) kW/kg,
D is between 0.5-1.3 m and that said power density is 0.7+(2xe2x88x92D) kW/kg,
said light weight shaft is made of metal, preferably titanium and/or a hollow steel shaft;
there is no flexible coupling for the transmission of power from the shaft to the impeller,
the inlet diameter D of said impeller housing is above 2 m and the nominal maximum design power is at least 15 MW.
Thanks to the invention, it is possible, as compared to conventional systems, to build a substantially much lighter driving system for a water-jet driven ship and which at the same time provides for a high reliability in operation possible.
The invention will be described more in detail with reference to the accompanying drawing which is a vertical, axial cross section of an impeller and an impeller housing according to a preferred embodiment.


A handling baggage, constituted from a trolley or a suitcase, equipped of a couple of sliding shoes in elastic material, able to slide on stairs, facilitating the crossing.

Sorts of accessories and systems are knew, able in making to go up or to come down stairs, avoiding jolting of the baggage.
These arrangement can be constituted from wheels constituted to they time from three or more smaller small wheels, or give of the crawler tracks, made in rubber generally, on which it comes arranged the cargo to transport.
These arrangement however introduce various problems and disadvantages caused in the first case to the effort demanded for the raising of the cargo in crossing stairs, the effort is rendered still more hard from its not constant intensity due to the alternate of the small wheels on which it burdens the weight of the baggage, in the passage climbing stair from one to another.
In the event instead to use the crawler tracks, this introduces the problem coming from the constructive imperfection of stairs, whose edges do not turn out never perfectly aligned, what that cause the crawler tracks in having to jolt, coming up or down from every step. Moreover these crawler tracks turn out not easy to transport as not light, let alone difficult to be produced in economic way on wide scale.

Travel luggage transportable easily on stairs


Electrical device structures constructed in an isolated p-well that is wholly contained within a core n-well. Methods of forming electrical devices within an isolated p-well that is wholly contained within a core n-well using a baseline CMOS process flow.

Mobile electronic devices require low standby power for long battery life. One method to reduce standby power is to use the body effect of a transistor that is not in use to reduce the off current. When the body voltage of an NMOS transistor is lowered the body effect causes the vt of the transistor to rise resulting in lower off current. To be able to adjust the body voltage of a NMOS transistor in a conventional CMOS device built on p-type substrate, the NMOS transistor must be constructed in an isolated p-well.
The logic state of NMOS transistors in some circuits may be upset by noise injected into the substrate when transistors switch in close proximity. To avoid this problem it is desirable to place NMOS transistors whose logic state may be upset or the transistors that may cause upset in an isolated p-well.
Other components such as gate to p-well capacitors and NPN bipolar transistors may also be constructed with isolated p-wells. The bottom electrode of gate-to-p-well capacitors built in core p-wells is always at a fixed voltage because the core p-wells are shorted to the p-type substrate whereas the voltage of the bottom electrode of a gate to isolated p-well capacitor may be independently controlled.
The conventional method to form isolated p-wells is to add a deep n-well photoresist pattern and implant to a CMOS process flow. Typically, a CMOS process flow with an isolated p-well has two types of n-wells: core n-wells in which the core PMOS transistors are formed and a deep n-wells in which the isolated p-wells are formed.

Method of building compensated isolated P-well devices