The invention provides a method and system for verifying a data record. An unverified data record is read. A reference data file containing reference data records, the reference data records being associated with verified data records, is provided. The unverified data record is compared with the reference data records to identify a matching reference data record. The matching reference data record is read to identify a matching verified data record. The matching verified data record is outputted.

This invention relates generally to a method and system for verifying and correcting records in a database.
Databases have become a cornerstone in the handling of information in today""s society. Everyone from major corporations, to small business, to schools and governments use databases to store, manage and track large amounts of information. The information comes in the form of data records, each having fields containing data. However, the utility of a database is only as good as the information contained therein. It becomes the responsibility of a database manager, for example, to ensure that the information contained in the database is accurate, such that a user can reasonably rely on the information gathered from the database.
Many companies in the service and product industry, for example, use databases to track orders, sales and transactions on a daily basis. These companies typically document daily transactions by placing a data record in the database describing each transaction. Often, companies rely on these transactional data records to determine which employee in the company is responsible for a given transaction. The accuracy of the transactional information becomes especially important for the employee working on commission or bonus credit.
A potential difficulty that arises in the management of database systems is errors that occur in manual data entry. Often, database systems receive input information from many different users and sources. This large number of participants greatly increases the likelihood of an error. Illustratively, a simple missed keystroke by one individual responsible for the data entry could drastically change what the data was supposed to represent.
One industry affected by errors in data entry is mutual fund administration. Fund managers process several thousand transactions daily. Illustratively, some mutual funds may handle more than 80,000 transactions daily. These transactions include purchase orders for stocks in a fund or requests for asset information. Each transaction must be recorded and stored in a database for reporting purposes. The large volume of daily transactions dramatically increases the opportunity for error in the data entry.
An error in data entry can have a serious impact on the administration of a database and those who rely on its information. Many database managers utilize information collected in a database to make business decisions or choices about a given response to data information.
In mutual fund administration, data entry errors present the additional difficulty of tracking the correct individual responsible for a given customer""s business. The manager must ensure that the salesperson who filled the customer""s needs receives credit and compensation for providing the service to both the customer and the fund. The difficulty, however, becomes compounded by the volume of daily transactions processed and the numerous transaction sources that represent different brokerage houses, branches, brokers, traders and salespersons, for example.
Illustratively, assume that a data entry representative makes a simple error in typing in transaction information by transcribing numbers representing a given fund broker The mistake may cause a broker in Los Angeles to receive credit for a transaction closed by a dealer in New York City. Unless the fund administrator can provide a system that verifies that errors such as this do not occur, brokers working on commission will recognize these problems and may avoid engaging in business for that particular fund.
Utilizing conventional techniques, manual verification of data entered manually into a database is often necessary. This may require that an employee of the mutual fund spend valuable time double-checking and investigating information for inaccurate transactional data.
Accordingly, conventional techniques for ensuring that data placed into and contained in known database systems do not provide an adequate method and system of verifying the data contained therein.
It is therefore desirable that the invention overcome these and other drawbacks of present systems and methods. Thus, there is a need to provide a method and system for verifying data records that are to be placed into a database, as well as for correcting inaccurate data records already contained in a database.
In accordance with one embodiment of the methods and systems of the invention, an unverified data record is read. A reference data file containing reference data records is provided. The reference data records are associated with verified data records. The unverified data record is compared with the reference data records to identify a matching reference data record. The matching reference data record is read to identify a matching verified data record. The matching verified data record is then output.
In a further aspect of the invention a system is provided for verifying a data record, the system comprising a data record reader portion that reads an unverified data record; a reference data file memory that contains at least one reference data file containing reference data records, the reference data records being associated with verified data records; a data record comparison portion that compares the unverified data record with the reference data records to identify a matching reference data record; a data record verification portion that reads the matching reference data record to identify a matching verified data record; and a data record output portion that outputs the matching verified data record.
In a further aspect of the invention a method of verifying a data record is provided, the method comprising reading an unverified data record; providing a reference data file containing reference data records, the reference data records including verified reference data records and unverified reference data records, the verified reference data records being associated with a respective matching verified data record, the unverified reference data records not being associated with a respective matching verified data record; comparing the unverified data record with the reference data records to identify a matching reference data record; reading the matching reference data record to identify a matching verified data record; and outputting the matching verified data record.
In a further aspect of the invention, a system is provided for verifying a data record, the system comprising a data record reader portion that reads an unverified data record; a reference data file memory that contains at least one reference data file containing reference data records, the reference data records including verified reference data records and unverified reference data records, the verified reference data records being associated with verified data records, the unverified reference data records not being associated with verified data records; a data record comparison portion that compares the unverified data record with the reference data records to identify a matching reference data record; a data record verification portion that reads the matching reference data record to identify a matching verified data record; and a data record output portion that outputs the matching verified data record.
In a further aspect of the invention, a system is provided comprising means for reading an unverified data record; means for comparing the unverified data record with reference data records, the reference data records being associated with verified data records; means for associating the unverified data record with a matching reference data record, the matching reference data record being associated with a matching verified data record; and means for outputting the matching verified data record.
In a further aspect of the invention, a system is provided for verifying a data record, the system comprising means for reading an unverified data record; means for providing a reference data file containing reference data records, the reference data records including verified reference data records and unverified reference data records, the verified reference data records being associated with a respective matching verified data record, the unverified reference data records not being associated with a respective matching verified data record; means for comparing the unverified data record with the reference data records to identify a matching reference data record; means for reading the matching reference data record to identify a matching verified data record; and means for outputting the matching verified data record.

Method and system for verifying and correcting data records in a database


Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) are preferred modified polysaccharides providing at least 10% by weight gelatin particles to prevent fluid loss during diaphragm wall construction. A 1% solution of CMC or HEC give a 1000 cps viscosity at 25.degree. C. An oil slurry comprises:. ______________________________________ Solvent 45 Surfactant 2.5 Water 6 Organophillic clay 1 Modified cellulose 45.5 ______________________________________

Bentonite clay is commonly used to retain water within diaphram walls during construction. A disadvantage of this material is that the clay must be disposed of after it has served its purpose.
Ullmans Encyclopadie der technischen Chemie, 4th Edition, Vol. 9, pp. 192,209, refers to the use of water-soluble cellulose ethers such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose for use for diaphram wall construction. Modified cellulose ethers and their use as thickeners and dispersion agents are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,228,277, 4,336,146, 4,720,303 and 4,799,962.
But in spite of what was previously published and known to workers in the construction field, prior attempts to use cellulosic polymers for diaphram wall construction were not completely satisfactory due to the inability to prevent water loss from the filled trench into the surrounding soil. As a result, clay continued to be used for diaphram wall construction in spite of the environmental advantages of the use of a biodegradable polymer such as cellulose.

Diaphragm wall construction gelatin composition


The present disclosure relates to a composition that includes a perovskite crystal having a ferroelectric domain aligned substantially parallel to a reference axis. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the perovskite crystal may include ABX3, where A is a first cation, B is a second cation, and X is an anion. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, A may include an alkyl ammonium cation. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, B may include a metal element. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the metal element may include lead. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, X may include a halogen. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the perovskite crystal may include methylammonium lead iodide.

Perovskite solar cells have shown remarkable progress in recent years with rapid increases in conversion efficiency, from initial reports of 2-3% in 2006 to 20% in 2015. Perovskite solar cells may offer the potential for an earth-abundant and low-energy-production solution to truly large-scale manufacturing of photovoltaic (PV) modules. While perovskite solar cells have achieved very high efficiencies in a very short amount of time, a number of challenges remain before perovskite solar cells can become a competitive commercial technology.
Although organic-inorganic perovskite materials have been studied for more than a century, initial studies on methylammonium lead halides for semiconductor applications, including thin-film transistors and light-emitting diodes, started in the last two decades. The first application of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite absorbers in solar cells occurred in 2006. However, these early cells were of rather poor efficiency (<4%) due in part to the liquid electrolyte used, which limited both device stability and the open circuit voltage due to compromised interfacial chemistry and energetics. The application of a solid-state hole transport material (HTM), Spiro-MeOTAD (2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9′-spirobifluorene) improved the efficiency to 10% by 2012. Subsequent improvements in performance and stability have come through continued investigation of mixed halide perovskites, improved contact materials, new device architectures, and improved deposition processes, with 20% efficiency having been reported in late 2014. However, there remains a need for improved organic-inorganic perovskite compositions and materials to further improve the performances of devices fabricated from these materials so that they can successfully compete with incumbent materials, both from technical and economical perspectives.

Hybrid perovskite bulk photovoltaic effect devices and methods of making the same


Auxiliary navigational assistance is provided by determining, by one or more processors, that a user traveling along a specified travel route with the assistance of a navigation system can use additional navigational assistance at a particular region of the specified travel route. Based on the determining, the one or more processors assign an unmanned vehicle to assist the user in traveling through the particular region along the specified travel route. Further, the one or more processors provide one or more auxiliary instructions to the user's navigation system directing the user to reference the unmanned vehicle within the particular region to assist the user in traveling through the particular region along the specified travel route. In operation, the particular region overlaps only a portion of the specified travel route.

A navigation system is a system that aids a user in navigation. Navigation systems may be integrated on board a vehicle or vessel, or they could be provided as part of a mobile device. A Global Positioning System or GPS navigation device is one type of navigation system which uses groups of satellites that receive signal data from, for instance, a moving user, and uses the signal data to triangulate, and thus, position the traveling user. Such navigation systems are installed on a large share of mobile display devices today, and typically provide users with maps and routing information.
Following directions provided by a navigation system in an unfamiliar and/or heavily trafficked region may be difficult for many users, such that one or more users may find it difficult to navigate within or through such regions. Depending on the region, the person following the navigation route may not even speak the local language, making road signs difficult to follow.
Conventionally, a navigation system provides an indication of roads or paths available, and at each turn a particular road or path to be taken to arrive at the desired destination. The navigation system typically provides a shortest route between two locations, that is, between an origin location and a destination location, and generates the navigation route with turn-by-turn navigation directions and distances based on road numbers and/or names. As noted, in unfamiliar and/or heavily trafficked regions, a user may find it difficult to follow navigational route instructions constructed using this approach.

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION


If an incoming call arrives at a mobile phone as an AV output device while a video signal is output to a TV as an AV input device, as incoming call processing, a command notifying arrival of the incoming call is transmitted to the TV, and thereafter output of the video signal is stopped. The reason for the stop is displayed on the TV. When the call is terminated in the mobile phone, a command notifying termination of the call is transmitted to the TV, and the output of the video signal is resumed. Thereby, a notification screen is stopped on the TV, and reproduction of video is resumed.

For example, Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2005-287013 (Patent Literature 1) and the like have conventionally proposed an AV output system which, by performing communication between a mobile phone and a television set (hereinafter also referred to as a TV) connected in an analog manner, transmits a video signal from the mobile phone to the TV and reproduces video on the TV side.

AV output system performing video output


Allyl alcohol production processes are generally described herein. One or more of the processes generally include contacting a propylene oxide stream with an isomerization catalyst under isomerization conditions sufficient to form an isomerization product stream including allyl alcohol, wherein the propylene oxide stream includes a total impurity concentration of at least 100 ppm. One or more of the processes generally includes purging at least a portion of a stream from one or more separation unit(s).

This section introduces information that may be related to or provide context for some aspects of the techniques described herein and/or claimed below. This information is background facilitating a better understanding of that which is disclosed herein. Such background may include a discussion of "related" art. That such art is related in no way implies that it is also "prior" art. The related art may or may not be prior art. The discussion is to be read in this light, and not as admissions of prior art.
Allyl alcohol production processes generally include contacting a propylene oxide stream with an isomerization catalyst to form allyl alcohol. Crude (i.e., unpurified) propylene oxide streams generally contains a significant level of impurities. Such impurities have generally been separated from the propylene oxide prior to use in subsequent processes, such as allyl alcohol production processes. However, the impurities can be difficult to separate from the propylene oxide itself. Moreover, further purification of propylene oxide may come at an expense of increased separation costs.
Contained herein are embodiments directed to resolving, or at least reducing, one or all of the problems mentioned above.

Feed sources for allyl alcohol production processes


A method and system for protecting integrated optoelectronic devices are disclosed. The method includes (1) providing standby light source links of fixed wavelength and their corresponding standby data channel in a transmitting-end integrated optoelectronic device; (2) detecting whether there is failure in each active light source link in the transmitting-end integrated optoelectronic device; and (3) selecting a standby light source link having a fixed wavelength and its corresponding standby data channel for accomplishing service transmission of failed active light source link and its corresponding active data channel when detecting failure of an active light source link. The system includes a transmitting-end integrated optoelectronic device and a receiving-end integrated optoelectronic device.

Dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) technology is a dominant technology in long-distance and area trunk transmission networks and gradually comes into metropolitan area networks. Traditional DWDM systems use independent device packages in which cards are made surrounding one or more optical devices and connected through optical fibers.
Prices of optical devices fall constantly as technology advances. Up to now, only costs of encapsulating optical devices are still high and become a bottle neck constraining optical device costs. As a typical example, a core of laser only costs several dollars while its package will cost hundreds of dollars.
In recent years, efforts have been made to integrate multiple optical devices such as lasers and modulators into a single semiconductor substrate so as to reduce cost of packaging an optical device separately. Meanwhile, a smaller package also enables the volumes of submodules in a DWDM system such as transmitting, receiving and monitoring submodules to substantially decrease.
An optoelectronic integrated circuit is a circuit that integrates multiple optical devices in a common semiconductor substrate with corresponding peripheral control circuits. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing internal structure of an integrated optoelectronic device at a transmitting end in the prior art. Referring to FIG. 1, for achieving information transmission by optoelectronic integrated circuit, in the conventional art, the transmitting-end integrated optoelectronic device includes therein a high-level control unit, a data exchange unit, a light source link control unit, n light source links and their corresponding n data channels as well as a wavelength multiplexed unit. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a transmitting end in the prior art, in which data transmission is performed by data channels and light source links. Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, in practical service implementations, each light source link mainly includes a light source and a modulator and may further include a light path tap module. The link detecting circuit in light source link control unit detects performance of each light source link with the Tap module in each light source link, to enable the light source link control unit to properly adjust light source link according to detection results, such as adjusting optical power in the light source link. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing structure of an integrated optoelectronic device at a receiving end in prior art. Referring to FIG. 3, the receiving-end integrated optoelectronic device mainly includes therein a wavelength demultiplexed unit, n optical receiving units and an electronic data processing unit.
During information transmission, in the transmitting-end integrated optoelectronic device, the light source in the light source link generates optical signals and outputs the optical signals to the modulators. The corresponding data channels output electronic signals to the modulators that modulate the received optical signals and electronic signals to produce optical signals to be output to the wavelength multiplexed module. The wavelength multiplexed module multiplexes optical signals received from all light source links and outputs the multiplexed optical signals to the receiving-end integrated optoelectronic device. In the receiving-end integrated optoelectronic device, the wavelength demultiplexed unit demultiplexes the received optical signals and outputs the demultiplexed n paths of optical signals to corresponding optical receiving units. Each optical receiving unit converts the received optical signals into electronic signals and then outputs them to the electronic data processing unit for corresponding processing.
At present, optical signals have advantages such as strong anti-jamming performance and fast transmission speed over electronic signals in terms of information transmission. Therefore, the integrated optoelectronic devices are widely applied.
However, there is no effective protective measure for integrated optoelectronic devices at present and each light source link would be used as an active link for practical service transmission. Thus, when any one of the light source links in an integrated optoelectronic device fails, for example, when the light source does not generate light or the modulator fails, the entire integrated optoelectronic device will malfunction, and the reliability of the integrated optoelectronic device is thereby decreased. One approach for curing such a malfunction in existing systems is to replace, the light source links of the integrated optoelectronic device. However, since the components of each light source link in the integrated optoelectronic device are integrated onto a single substrate in a single package, it is impossible to replace the failed light source link independently. Therefore, in the existing systems it is necessary to replace the entire optoelectronic integrated circuit when only an individual component fails, thereby significantly increasing maintenance and repair costs.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Method and system for protecting integrated optoelectronic devices


Systems, methods, lift fans, and aircraft involving active flow control of a ducted fan or fan-in-wing configuration are described.

Ducted-fan aircraft are known for their superior stationary aerodynamic hovering performance, three-dimensional precision position hold, low-speed flights, and precision vertical take-off and landing capabilities. In addition, the duct provides protection from contact with the rotating fan blade. As such, ducted-fan aircraft, including unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) having ducted fans, are increasingly deployed in battlefield scenarios. Ducted-fan aircraft have the advantages of high-static thrust and propulsion efficiency, while the duct acts to reduce blade noise and improve safety. However, one factor limiting the performance of these blades is boundary layer separation, where the flow detaches from the blade surface, leading to losses in performance and increases in noise and vibrations.
Fan-in-wing (FIW) aircraft, distinct from rotary-wing airplanes and helicopters, use a fixed wing with a forced airflow produced by fans mounted inside the wing. FIW aircraft are desired in the naval community for developing Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) aircraft to support sea-based aviation operations. Compared to other lift fan devices such as ducted fans or shroud rotors, FIW configurations offer the advantages of vertical takeoff and high speed forward flight, but suffer from the same low hover efficiency as ducted fans due to relatively high disk loading. There are a number of concepts that are under development to overcome these issues for the FIW configurations. One such concept is to use low to medium disk loading fans instead of traditional high disk loading fan designs. Like ducted fans or shroud rotors, the fan blade usually operates more efficiently inside the FIW configuration than in an open fan by avoiding or minimizing the tip loss. In addition, net thrust can be generated on the hovering duct or wing due to the fan suction effect that generates substantially lower pressure on the duct inlet lip region. While the overall performance of these lift fan systems depends on a complex combination of various factors such as geometry, fan pitch angle, fan solidity rotational speed, as well as forward wind speed, etc., there are two inherent aerodynamic issues or limitations that affect the thrust generation, efficiency, and stability control of ducted fans or FIW configurations in various flight conditions. One issue is the flow separation on the duct inner wall after passing the fan blade tip path plane in hover or low speed forward flight. The second issue is the longitudinal momentum drag and nose-up pitching moment due to imbalanced forces generated on the devices when operating in forward flight or crosswind conditions.
A ducted fan VTOL UAV with a 10-inch diameter rotor has been tested in the U.S. Army 7×10-foot wind tunnel. By changing the angle of attack and the wind speed, the effect of the duct leading edge radius on the performance as well as the penalty of the rotor tip clearance was investigated. The results of this investigation indicated that by reducing the duct leading edge radius, the stability of the ducted fan was improved when operating in hover with a crosswind, but the thrust ratio of the ducted fan to the isolated fan was reduced. An increase in the tip clearance would decrease the duct thrust dramatically. An interesting finding for this micro UAV design was that at a low RPM or Reynolds number, the net force contribution from the duct is a download instead of a thrust compared to the isolated rotor. More importantly, the flow along the inner wall of the duct appeared to separate after passing through the rotor tip path plane (TPP) through the hot wire measurement and flow visualization. This observation was also confirmed later in a numerical simulations of two notional ducted fans using a high-fidelity CFD code.
The effect of various duct lip shapes on the performance of ducted fans in hover and forward flight has been further studied, and researchers have found that duct shaping alone could not eliminate all of the adverse aerodynamic characteristics. A common approach for control of, or counteracting, the duct nose-up pitch moment, is the usage of moveable control vanes at or just aft of the duct exit. In cooperation with the primary control vanes, auxiliary devices (spoiler, deflector inside the duct, or LE slat/TE flap) have been added in the experiments. A series of configuration tests have been performed to change the direction of the exit flow momentum in order to produce a more nose-down pitching moment, helping the ducted fan to tilt into the wind in forward flight. According to these tests, the auxiliary control devices may potentially reduce the control vane deflections required for vehicle trim across the complete flight envelope.
A double ducted fan (DDF) concept has also been investigated to control the inlet lip separation at elevated forward flight velocity by modifying the inlet leading edge distorting to improve the flow characteristics of the ducted fan system. DDF uses a secondary stationary duct system to control the inlet lip separation, which causes the momentum deficit at the inlet of the fan during the edgewise forward flight. DDF uses a self-adjusting feature corresponding to the forward flight speed of the ducted fan to maximize the effect of reducing the inlet lip separation. However, certain beneficial effects of DDF have not been quantified.
Synthetic jet flow has been applied to control the flow separation at the duct lip, and the use of a Coandã surface has been applied to turn the flow at the duct trailing edge in order to reduce the magnitude of the nose-up pitching moment in cross-winds. As another example, the concept of applying the flow control asymmetrically to the duct has been proposed in order to produce an imbalance in forces to counterbalance the nose-up pitching moment. The synthetic jet has the advantage of zero net mass flux generated, which eliminates the need for plumbing. Because of the constraints of the scale, weight, and power of ducted fan aircraft or UAV, for example, synthetic Jet Actuators (SJA) have generated research interest due to their potential use in applications where steady blowing flow control may not be feasible.
Similarly, a circulation control method by continuous or steady blowing jets into the duct fan inlet and exit regions to control the flow separation and aerodynamic characteristics has been explored. This resulted in a finding that the most notable improvement in static thrust coefficient was obtained with a sufficient jet momentum added at the duct inlet. However, it was far less effective when the circulation jet was applied at the exit of the duct. The steady jets need to be provided by a pressurized air supply, and the effect of the circulation control jets seemed to be limited.
It would be advantageous to discover systems to significantly improve the efficiency, performance, or safety of ducted-fan or FIW aircraft in various flight conditions, such as hover, forward flight, or transient flight.

Active flow control for ducted fans and fan-in-wing configurations


A dynamically-reconfigurable multiband multiprotocol communications jamming system and method is provided that are particularly suited for the generation of effective radio-frequency waveforms/noise output that successively translates up and down the RF spectrum. The system and method are particularly suited for strategically targeting specific frequencies in order to disrupt a communications network or networks, and can be rapidly deployed via delivery platforms, such as artillery and other projectile mechanisms, remote operated vehicles (unmanned aerial, sea or land systems) or targeted air or land delivery via manned assets or automated or robotic support means, or manual delivery by personnel.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates communications jamming and, more particularly, to systems and methods for radio frequency hopping communications jamming utilizing software-defined radio platforms.
2. Background of the Related Art
A capabilities gap in the tactical Electronic Warfare realm is the lack of mobile, low-weight tactical jamming capability at the company/platoon/Operational Detachment-Alpha level. Jamming resources are large, limited in number and centralized.
Enemy forces currently use simple communications technology both for both offensive and defensive purposes (fire control, early warning nets, command-and-control, etc.). This technology includes push-to-talk handheld commercial off-the-shelf analog radios in the 2-meter and 70-cm bands. The enemy is able to use these communications nets to effectively adjust fires, coordinate support by fire and the maneuver element, etc. The average commander on the ground has no Electronic Warfare assets immediately available to attack enemy communications, and must rely on centralized airborne assets, which must be coordinated in advance and are available for limited amounts of time.
Historically, the following issues have arisen with prior art tactical ground-based jammers:    (1) Limited Numbers: Jammers have been centralized under a Military Intelligence Company.    (2) Personnel: In the past, Signals Intelligence personnel have performed the jamming mission. Limited in number to begin with, these personnel were split between their collection missions and jamming. An opportunity cost in lost intelligence was thus incurred with every jamming mission, and had to be balanced against the return-on-investment of enemy disruption these missions provided. Due to the classification associated with the Signals Intelligence mission, most commanders on the ground did not have the opportunity to learn how to maximize the utility of jamming.    (3) Large Size: The large size of jammers is primarily due to the size of the power amplifier necessary to perform the historic jamming mission, i.e., attack against a conventional enemy's headquarters. Large size and heavy power consumption have required such jammers to be vehicle-mounted, limiting their use in dismounted operations. Generally, dismounted jammers have failed to effectively suppress enemy networks due to lack of power. This has been an issue of attempting to jam across the entire target band, thereby reducing the jamming power delivered to each channel and necessitating a larger power amplifier to provide adequate jamming coverage to disrupt the target channel. In other words, the approach to jamming enemy communications in the 2-meter band (144-148 MHZ) has involved jamming across the entire bandwidth, and splitting jamming power between 200 distinct 20 KHZ channels. A lot of power is required to do this successfully.

Systems and methods for radio frequency hopping communications jamming utilizing software defined radio platforms


A positive electrode material for nonaqueous secondary batteries includes lithium transition metal composite oxide particles containing at least one of cobalt and nickel; and titanium silicide particles. The lithium transition metal composite oxide particles have a layer structure. The lithium transition metal composite oxide particles and the titanium silicide particles are present as particles substantially independent from each other. The titanium silicide particles have an average particle diameter of 4.0 μm or less. The titanium silicide particles are contained at a content ratio of titanium of 1.2 mol % or less with respect to the lithium transition metal composite oxide particles.

The present disclosure relates to a positive electrode material for nonaqueous secondary batteries and nonaqueous secondary batteries using the same.
Nonaqueous secondary batteries, such as lithium ion secondary batteries or the like, are widely used as power sources for small-scale devices, such as mobile phones, notebook computers, or the like. A nonaqueous secondary battery is capable of providing a high operating voltage, and therefore may be of use as a power source for large-scale devices, such as electric vehicles or the like.
An example of active material for a nonaqueous electrolytic secondary battery contains lithium transition metal oxide particles and transition metal silicide sintered on surfaces of the lithium transition metal oxide particles. WO2013-024739 describes an example of active material used to provide high output characteristics. As described in WO2013-024739, this material is formed by attaching 1 mol % of TiS2 particles to the surface of a lithium-nickel composite oxide using a device having a high mechanical energy and then sintering the compound.

Positive electrode material for noaqueous secondary batteries, and nonaqueous secondary batteries using same


The present invention provides a method for producing low viscosity polyether carbonate polyols having side chains. A double metal cyanide catalyst and a suspension medium, with or without an H-functional starter compound, are initially introduced as a reaction mixture, and alkylene oxides are metered into the reaction mixture in two steps. The difference between the molecular weights of the lightest and the heaviest of the alkylene oxides metered in the two steps is greater than or equal to 24 g/mol, and the lightest alkylene oxide is a C2-C4 alkylene oxide. The alkylene oxides metered in the two steps can be the same or different. The invention also relates to the low viscosity polyether carbonate polyols produced by the method and to the use thereof.

As well as having a tailored functionality, modern plastics are also intended to do increased justice to environmental concerns. As well as by a general optimization of preparation processes, this can be achieved through the use of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, as building blocks for synthesis. Accordingly, for example, a better environmental balance for the process can be obtained overall via the fixing of carbon dioxide. This path is being followed in the area of the production of polyethercarbonates, and has been a topic of the intense research for more than 40 years (e.g., Inoue et al, Copolymerization of Carbon Dioxide and Alkylenoxide with Organometallic Compounds; Die Makromolekulare Chemie 130, 210-220, 1969). In one possible preparation variant, polyethercarbonate polyols are obtained via a catalytic reaction of alkylene oxides and carbon dioxide in the presence of H-functional starter compounds ("starters"). A general reaction equation for this is given in scheme (I):

A further product, in this case unwanted byproduct, arising alongside the polyethercarbonate polyol is a cyclic carbonate (for example, R═CH3 propylene carbonate).
Various refinements of this process are known in the literature. Thus, for example, US 20100048935 A1 describes a process for preparing polyethercarbonate polyols in which alkylene oxides and carbon dioxides are added onto H-functional starter compounds using a DMC catalyst. Within the process, one or more starter compounds are introduced initially in a reactor, and then one or more starter compounds are metered in continuously to the ongoing reaction in the reactor.
WO 2006103213 A1, in contrast, describes a process for preparing polyethercarbonate polyols that features improved incorporation of CO2 into the polyethercarbonate polyol, using a catalyst containing a multimetal cyanide. The process discloses the presence of a H-functional starter, an alkylene oxide, and carbon dioxide in the presence of the multimetal cyanide component in a reactor. The process further discloses the presence of a CO2-philic substance or of CO2-philic substituents. The CO2-philic substance or the CO2-philic substituent is intended to increase the incorporation of CO2 into the polyethercarbonate polyol and so to reduce the formation of cyclic alkylene carbonates, such as propylene carbonate, for example, which represent unwanted byproducts.
WO 2010/028362 A1 discloses firstly polymerization systems for the copolymerization of CO2 and epoxides, comprising: 1) a catalyst with a metal-coordination compound having a permanent ligand set and at least one ligand which is a polymerization initiator, and 2) a chain transfer agent having two or more sites which are able to initiate polymerization. This patent application further discloses processes for the synthesis of polycarbonate polyols with the polymerization systems described therein. Disclosed lastly are polyethercarbonate polyol compositions which have a high percentage of OH end groups and a high percentage of carbonate groups. A further feature of the compositions is that they include polymer chains which a polyfunctional unit that is linked to a plurality of individual polycarbonate chains.
The publication "Synthesis of side-chain liquid crystalline polycarbonates with mesogenic groups having tails of different lengths" by John C. Jansen et al., Macromol. Chem. Phys. 200, 1407-1420 (1999) describes, in a model system, the terpolymerization of glycidyl phenyl ether, propylene oxide, and CO2. Catalysts used in this publication are organozinc catalysts.
EP 2 465 890 A1 relates to a process for preparing polyethercarbonate polyols having primary hydroxyl end groups, comprising the steps of reacting a starter compound containing active hydrogen atoms with an epoxide and with carbon dioxide under double metal cyanide catalysis, reacting the resulting product with a cyclic carboxylic anhydride, and reacting this resulting product with ethylene oxide in the presence of a catalyst which comprises at least one nitrogen atom per molecule, with the exception of noncyclic tertiary amines having identical substitution. The patent application further relates to polyethercarbonate polyols obtainable by this process, to compositions comprising these polyethercarbonate polyols, and to polyurethane polymers based on these polyethercarbonate polyols. Japanese patent application JP 50-154348 A relates to a thermosetting polycarbonate composition which is prepared from a polycarbonate having an aliphatic polycarbonate containing double bonds, from a crosslinking catalyst, and, optionally, from a radically polymerizable unsaturated compound. A copolymer of allyl glycidyl ether, carbon dioxide, and propylene oxide and also dicumyl peroxide are mixed in dioxane and dried under reduced pressure.
US 2011/0251355 A1 discloses the preparation of poly(alkylene carbonate) by alternating copolymerization of carbon dioxide and epoxides. Described specifically is the preparation of block copolymers or graft copolymers by alternating copolymerization of an epoxide and carbon dioxide with a metal(III)-salen complex, with a quaternary ammonium salt as catalyst.
Disadvantages of these process regimes presented, however, are that the reaction of the monomers is slow and the reaction products include polyethercarbonates which have a relatively high viscosity, causing them to have relatively poor further-processing properties. Thus, for example, the high viscosity limits the possibility for further reaction of these prior-art polyethercarbonates in further crosslinking reactions.

Low viscosity polyether carbonate polyols having side chains


A fuel injector for an engine is disclosed. The fuel injector may have a fuel nozzle with at least one injection orifice, and a needle element movable within the fuel nozzle between a first position at which the needle element inhibits fuel flow and a second position at which fuel flow is substantially uninhibited. The fuel injector may also have a control chamber located at a base end of the needle element, a body, and a control valve disposed within the body and movable to selectively drain the control chamber, thereby causing the needle element to move between the first and second positions. The fuel injector may further have an armature disposed within an armature cavity of the body and selectively energized to move the control valve, and a pressure reducer disposed within the body and configured to reduce a pressure of the armature cavity.

Common rail fuel injectors provide a way to introduce fuel from a common supply rail into the combustion chambers of an engine. Typical common rail fuel injectors include an actuating solenoid that opens a control valve, which regulates a fuel pressure at one side of a check. As the pressure drops at the check, the check lifts and fuel injection begins. As the pressure increases at the check, the check closes and fuel injection ends. Accordingly, fuel is injected as a function of the time period during which an armature of the solenoid is energized. An example of such a fuel injector is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,013,876 of Puckett et al. that issued on Mar. 21, 2006.
A widespread problem associated with common rail fuel injectors is known as injector bounce. Injector bounce can occur when the control valve is closed quickly and it bounces away from an associated seat. When the control valve bounces away from its seat, a delay in the closing of the control valve is created that can lead to a delay in injection termination and/or an additional injection of fuel. Injection delay and additional injections can reduce engine efficiencies and cause unstable engine operation.
The fuel injector of the present disclosure addresses one or more of the problems set forth above and/or other problems of the prior art.

Fuel injector having reduced armature cavity pressure


A stent includes a wave form that includes a cable including a plurality of strands. The wave form has a plurality of struts and a plurality of crowns, with each crown connecting two adjacent struts. The wave form is wrapped around a longitudinal axis at a pitch to define a plurality of helical turns. The stent includes a filler located within the cable. The filler includes a therapeutic substance.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention is related to a stent having a therapeutic substance for delivery to a target site in a body lumen and a method for manufacturing such a stent.
2. Background of the Invention
A wide range of medical treatments are known that utilize "endoluminal prostheses." As used herein, endoluminal prostheses are intended to mean medical devices that are adapted for temporary or permanent implantation within a body lumen, including both naturally occurring and artificially made lumens. Examples of lumens in which endoluminal prostheses may be implanted include, without limitation, arteries, such as those located within the coronary, mesentery, peripheral, or cerebral vasculature, veins, gastrointestinal tract, biliary tract, urethra, trachea, hepatic shunts, and fallopian tubes.
Various types of endoluminal prostheses are also known, each providing a structure for modifying the mechanics of the targeted luminal wall. For example, stent prostheses are known for implantation within body lumens for providing radial support to the wall tissue, which forms the various lumens within the body, and often more specifically within the blood vessels of the body.
To provide radial support to a blood vessel, such as one that has been widened by a percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, commonly referred to as "angioplasty," "PTA" or "PTCA", a stent is implanted in conjunction with the procedure. Effectively, the stent is configured to overcome the natural tendency of the vessel walls of some patients to close back down (i.e. restenosis). As such, the stent acts as a scaffolding to resist the vessels tendency to close back down. Under this procedure, the stent may be collapsed to an insertion diameter and inserted into a body lumen at a site remote from the diseased vessel. The stent may then be delivered to the desired treatment site within the affected lumen and deployed, by self-expansion or balloon expansion, to its desired diameter for treatment.
In addition, it may be desirable to deliver a therapeutic substance to the treatment site in order to reduce the incidence of restenosis. Various drug eluting stents that simultaneously deliver a therapeutic substance to the treatment site while providing artificial radial support to the wall tissue are known. Therapeutic substances that may be delivered include antiplatelet agents, anticoagulant agents, antimicrobial agents, and antimetabolic agents. Endoluminal devices including stents are sometimes coated on their outer surfaces with a substance such as a drug releasing agent, growth factor, or the like. Stents have also been developed having a hollow tubular structure with holes or ports cut through the sidewall to allow drug elution from a central lumen, such as the stents disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,891,108. Although the hollow nature of the stent allows the central lumen to be loaded with a drug solution that is delivered via the ports or holes in the sidewall of the stent, the hollow tubular structure may not have suitable mechanical strength to provide adequate scaffolding in the vessel.


Provided is a zoom lens, including, in order from an object side to an image side: a positive first lens unit; a negative second lens unit; a positive third lens unit; and a rear lens group including at least one lens unit, in which the first lens unit is not configured to move for zooming, and the second lens unit, the third lens unit, and at least one lens unit included in the rear lens group are configured to move during zooming so that intervals between adjacent lens units are changed during zooming. A lateral magnification of the second lens unit at a wide angle end, a lateral magnification of the second lens unit at a telephoto end, a movement amount of the third lens unit during zooming from the wide angle end to the telephoto end, and a total length of the zoom lens are appropriately set.

Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a zoom lens and an image pickup apparatus including the same, which are suitable for an image pickup apparatus using a solid-state image pickup element, such as a video camera, an electronic still camera, a broadcasting camera, or a monitoring camera, or an image pickup apparatus such as a silver-halide film camera.
Description of the Related Art
In recent years, as an image pickup optical system to be used in an image pickup apparatus using a solid-state image pickup element, a zoom lens is required to have a short total length, be compact (small in size), and have a high zoom ratio (high zoom ratio) as well as a high resolution. As a zoom lens that satisfies those requirements, a positive-lead type zoom lens in which a lens unit having a positive refractive power is arranged on an object side has been known. As the positive-lead type zoom lens, a zoom lens including four lens units or five lens units as a whole has been known.
In Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2013-120326, a zoom lens having a four-unit configuration including, in order from an object side to an image side, a first lens unit to a fourth lens unit having positive, negative, positive, and positive refractive powers is described. The second lens unit and the fourth lens unit are configured to move during zooming, and the fourth lens unit is configured to move during focusing.
In Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2012-88603, a zoom lens having a four-unit configuration including, in order from an object side to an image side, a first lens unit to a fourth lens unit having positive, negative, positive, and positive refractive powers is described. The second, third, and fourth lens units are configured to move during zooming, and the fourth lens unit is configured to move during focusing.
In Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-328306, a five-unit zoom lens including, in order from an object side to an image side, a first lens unit to a fifth lens unit having positive, negative, positive, positive, and negative refractive powers is described. The second lens unit and the fourth lens unit are configured to move during zooming, and the fourth lens unit is configured to move during focusing.
In recent years, the zoom lens to be used in the image pickup apparatus is strongly desired to have the high zoom ratio and be small in size as the entire system in order to adapt to the downsizing of the image pickup apparatus. The above-mentioned positive-lead type zoom lens is relatively easy to downsize as the entire system and realize the high zoom ratio. However, in the above-mentioned positive-lead type zoom lens, in order to realize the high zoom ratio while further downsizing the entire system, it is important to appropriately set lateral magnifications of the respective lens units.
For example, in order to realize the high zoom ratio while downsizing the entire system, it is important to appropriately set lateral magnifications of the second lens unit at a wide angle end and a telephoto end, which mainly varies a magnification. When the lateral magnifications of the second lens unit at the wide angle end and the telephoto end are not appropriate, it becomes difficult to attain the high zoom ratio while downsizing the entire system.
Moreover, in realizing the high zoom ratio, when a lateral magnification held by the second lens unit at the time of varying the magnification is not appropriately set, the effect on a change in back focus with respect to a movement amount of the second lens unit in an optical axis direction is increased near the telephoto end, that is, a so-called focus sensitivity is increased. As a result, it becomes difficult to control zooming by moving the lens units near the telephoto end. For example, in a zoom lens for a monitoring camera, which is required to realize the high zoom ratio, it is important to appropriately set the lateral magnification held by the second lens unit during varying the magnification, and reduce the focus sensitivity of the second lens unit at the telephoto end.

Zoom lens and image pickup apparatus including the same


A method for producing a direct bonded wafer comprising: forming a thermal oxide film or a CVD oxide film on a surface of at least one of a bond wafer and a base wafer, and bonding the wafer to the other wafer via the oxide film; subsequently thinning the bond wafer to prepare a bonded wafer; and thereafter conducting a process of annealing the bonded wafer under an atmosphere including any one of an inert gas, hydrogen and a mixed gas of an inert gas and hydrogen so that the oxide film between the bond wafer and the base wafer is removed to bond the bond wafer directly to the base wafer. Thereby, there is provided a method for producing a direct bonded wafer in which generation of voids is reduced, and a direct bonded wafer with a low void count.

Joining Si wafers together directly without sandwiching an insulator film such as an oxide film causes considerable generation of voids in the junction plane. There is a fact that bonding wafers together either or both of which is oxidized and has an oxide film with a certain thickness or more can produce less voids than the case of bonding wafers directly. However, the method is a production method of the so-called SOI (Silicon On Insulator) wafers, and use of the method leaves a buried oxide film at the junction interface. Consequently, a direct bonded wafer cannot be produced.
On the other hand, a method for producing a direct bonded wafer is disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2000-36445. In the method, wafers with a native oxide film are bonded together at room temperature and undergo a heat treatment under an atmosphere except oxidizing atmosphere to diffuse and remove the oxide film layer at the bonding portion. However, even use of this method cannot reduce the void count enough.
What is mentioned above is summarized as follows. Firstly, direct bonding causes considerable generation of voids. Secondly, bonding after growing an oxide film reduces generation of voids, but leaves a buried oxide film. And, a native oxide film cannot prevent voids sufficiently. Consequently, it has been difficult to produce a direct bonded wafer in which voids are reduced sufficiently.
Furthermore, reducing voids requires reduction of particles and so on at the junction interface, and uniform conditions of the junction plane. However, either requirement does not meet production level currently.

Method for producing direct bonded wafer and direct bonded wafer


A method is disclosed where an initial placement of a watermark annotation on an output medium associated with a page and placement of an area of the page, is determined. The determined initial placement is relative to the output medium and independent of the placement of the area of the page. The initial placement of the watermark annotation is adjusted so that the watermark annotation at least partially overlaps the area of the page.

When a document defined in a page description language (PDL) is output (e.g., to a printer), there are many use cases which benefit from the ability to define a watermark superimposed or composited with content of the document. For example, an author of a document may intend that a particular document be designated as a draft version of the document. The document may therefore bear an inscription designating a printed copy of the document as a draft version, in order that a printed copy not be confused with a finalised version of the document. In further examples, a document might feature a watermark indicating that the document is a representative sample only, and should not be issued to a commercial customer. A document may also be marked as being secret, and have a watermark reminding all persons who handle an output copy of the document to take special precautions to maintain secrecy of the content. As another example, a watermark may bear important safety or procedural instructions as to how depicted content should be used. In some cases, using a watermark provides a means to protect copyright or assert intellectual property ownership of the contents of a document.
A watermark may be as simple as a single word or short phrase in a single font. As another example, a watermark may incorporate a company logo or any other arbitrary graphical elements.
In some documents, content that is intended as a watermark is expressed in the same way (e.g., in the page description language) as other content on the page. In this case, it is not possible to identify which content was intended as a watermark, and which is normal document content. However, a page description language, such as the Portable Document Format (PDF) published by the International Organisation for Standardization as ISO 32000-1:2008, may provide a means of designating document content as being a "watermark annotation". The page description language may ascribe a special semantic meaning to a particular item of document content that distinguishes that content as being an annotation that is a watermark. The particular item of the document content is therefore separate to normal content of a page within the document.
Annotations are items of content that are associated with a location on a particular page of a document, but are declared separately from the page content for that page. A computer program that interprets a document defined in such a page description language may then differentially process page content that is semantically marked as being a watermark annotation, such as controlling the appearance of a watermark annotation.
In some page description languages such as PDF, normal page content is typeset within an imageable page area defined by the document. In this instance, the position of each item of content is defined by a co-ordinate value. In contrast, for some other page description formats, content is dynamically repositioned to fill available space if, for example, dimensions of an output or display medium change. An imageable page area may be defined by specifying values for the height and width of the page. Objects that comprise the page content may then be placed upon the page using a co-ordinate system defined in terms of that imageable page area.
A page description language such as PDF may allow some types of annotation content (e.g., watermark annotations) to be placed upon an output medium using a placement value that is relative to actual dimensions of the output medium itself. In cases where a page description language allows for the placement of a watermark annotation to be defined with respect to actual dimensions of an output medium (e.g., a printed page, a display), a situation may arise in which a watermark annotation is placed somewhere on the output medium that does not overlap with document content that is typeset for a particular page size. FIGS. 1A, 1B and 1C show several examples in which a watermark annotation (e.g., 103, 107, 116, 117, 118, 119) does not overlap an imageable area defined for each page 102, 106 and 114, respectively. In such a situation, the part of the output medium bearing the watermark annotation (e.g., 103) may be simply cut off or otherwise not utilised. In effect, actual document content is no longer protected by the watermark (e.g., 103), and the original intention of the document author for employing the use of a watermark is not carried out. A user of the document may furthermore intentionally take advantage of the non-overlapping behaviour by setting up print parameters in order for the situations of FIGS. 1A, 1B and 1C to explicitly arise. In some cases the user may be motivated by a desire to circumvent the role of the watermark as a security mechanism or a means to otherwise limit the use of the document content.

Method, system and apparatus for determining position of a watermark annotation


A woodworking corner clamp assembly having two screw clamp assemblies, each clamp assembly being oriented perpendicular to one leg of an L-shaped frame. Each clamp is also capable of longitudinal sliding movement along one leg of the L-shaped frame. The longitudinal position of each clamp along the respective leg of the L-shaped frame is controlled by the rotation of a threaded rod which passes through a longitudinal slot located in the leg of the frame and through a portion of the base of the clamp member, such that rotation of the threaded rod causes the clamp to be driven longitudinally along the length of the frame.

The field of the present invention relates to a corner clamp assembly used in connection with the cutting and connecting together of the bevel corners of picture windows and other woodworkings.
In the field of woodworking, it often becomes necessary to clamp two pieces of wood to be glued, nailed, screwed, or otherwise fastened together in order to obtain the accuracy and precision in orientation necessary for quality construction and craftsmanship. There are circumstances when the pieces to be joined must be oriented in parallel, at right angles, or at other predetermined angles. In order to accomplish this, clamp assemblies must be used which can clamp more than one piece of wood at the appropriate orientations. It is well-known in the art to use clamp assemblies which hold two pieces of wood for joining at right angles, but the prior art suffers from both a lack of adjustability at angles other than right angles and a lack of relative adjustability between the individual clamps themselves. Therefore, there exists a need in the art for corner clamps which have a wide range of relative adjustability between the individual clamps themselves.


A language processing method detects function call in a source program by static analysis, inserts a branching code to profile process per function call detected in the source program and setting a region of a table storing number of times of corresponding function call per an identification number of call pair in function call, executes translation of the source program inserted the branching code to the profiling process, and increments number of function call of the table with taking the identification number corresponding to kind of call pair in corresponding function call, as index, when the inserted profiling process is present.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to a language processing system, a language processing method and a storage medium storing a language processing program. More particularly, the invention relates to a language processing system and a language processing method which can reduce a memory region necessary for profile information collection of a computer and can reduce overhead of the profile information collection upon program execution.
2. Description of the Related Art
For improving performance in execution of programs, it is quite effective to know behavior of programs on the basis of profile information. The profile information is information collected by dynamically monitoring times of execution, execution period of a particular portion, branching information and so forth. The profile information thus obtained is used as an analysis information of program. Optimization for improvement of execution speed and so forth is mainly performed on the basis of such profile information. The profile information is useful information enabling specific optimization of the program. Call pair information indicative of call frequency of caller/callee (caller side function/callee side function) in the program is one of such profile information.
Upon collecting profile information, particularly call pair information, there has been known a profile collecting method which reduces overhead cost in the profile information collection and make it constant, and enables calculation of the overhead. (see Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. Heisei 9(1997)-62544).
FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing a construction of the conventional profile information collecting system and FIGS. 11A, 11B and 11C are explanatory illustrations of a call pair information generating method in the system shown in FIG. 10.
Discussion will be given hereinafter for conventional profile information collecting method with reference to FIGS. 10 and 11A, 11B, 11C. In a profile process inserting portion 110 shown in FIG. 10, when a function call instruction is present in a source program 140, a source program containing a profiling process is generated by inserting a branching code to the profile information collection immediately before execution of the function call instruction. A compiling and program executing portion 120 executes compiling of the source program including the profile process. When profiling process is executed, a two-dimensional call pair information processing table shown in FIG. 11A is mapped with taking a callerID indicative of caller side function and a calleeID indicative of callee side function as argument to establish a linear call pair information storage table 160 shown in FIG. 11C. Then, calling number of the call pair is incremented by 1. EQU f(caller, callee)=[(caller+callee-1)*(calleer+callee-2)]/2+callee-1 (1)
In FIGS. 11A, ID1, ID2, ID3 and ID4 correspond main routine (labeled as "main"), a function (labeled as "func1"), a function (labeled as "func2") and a function (labeled as "func3"), respectively, as shown in FIG. 11B.
Upon end of program execution, in a profile information generating portion 130, with taking a value mapped according to the foregoing equation (1) as index, number of times of calling per each relevant call pair is read out from the linear table of the call pair information storage table 160. By recording the read out number of times of calling, a call pair information is output.
However, in the conventional profile information collecting method set forth above, in order to enable recording of number of times of calling for all call pair information in the program, necessary memory region has to be preliminarily reserved in a lump.
In this case, in a mutual relationship of all functions contained in the program, since it is possible to cause calling relationship, a two-dimensional table which can store number of times of calling for all possible combination (including call for the function in question per se) of all functions. Therefore, when number of functions contained in the program is large, a huge amount of capacity is required as a region for the table storing call pairs.
Furthermore, a long period is required for initializing process for such large region. Also, it takes a long period for mapping the two-dimensional call pair information storing table mapped in terms of both of the caller and callee in the linear call pair information storage table. Therefore, an overhead in profile process upon execution of the program becomes large. Also, it becomes necessary to derive (map) the index even upon outputting the call pair information to take a long period for such process to further increase the overhead in profile process upon program execution.

Language processing system and language processing method enabling reduction of memory region and overhead in profile information collection of computer


A gaming system particularly configured to present a Class II bingo game such as bingo includes a game host, at least two player hosts, and a sentinel. The sentinel receives a request for a bingo card purchase from a player of a player interface and upon authorizing the player request transmits the request to one of the player hosts. The player host then makes a bingo card purchase with the game host and plays a bingo card provided by the game host in relation to a set of called bingo balls. The outcome of the play of the bingo card is provided to the sentinel and the game outcome is displayed as an alternative entertaining display at the player's player interface.

A variety of devices and systems are known for presenting wagering games. The configurations of such devices and systems often varies depending upon the type of game which is being presented.
In the United States, the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act (25 U.S.C. § 2701 et. seq., hereinafter the "IGRA") defines Class II gaming on Indian lands. The IGRA includes the following definitions:
§ 2701(7)(A):                The term "class II gaming" means:        (i) the game of chance commonly known as bingo (whether or not electronic, computer, or other technologic aids are used in connection therewith),        (ii) which is played for prizes, including monetary prizes, with cards bearing numbers or other designations,        (iii) in which the holder of the card covers such numbers or designations when objects, similarly numbered or designated, are drawn or electronically determined, and        (iv) in which the game is won by the first person covering a previously designated arrangement of numbers or designations on such cards, including (if played in the same location) pull-tabs, lotto, punch boards, tip jars, instant bingo, and other games similar to bingo, and
§ 2701(4):                The term "Indian lands" means—        (A) all lands within the limits of any Indian reservation; and        (B) any lands title to which is either held in trust by the United States for the benefit of any Indian tribe or individual or held by any Indian tribe or individual subject to restriction by the United States against alienation and over which an Indian tribe exercises governmental power.
Currently, a wide variety of gaming systems exist which are configured to present Class II games, such as games of bingo. FIG. 1 illustrates one simplistic diagram of a Class II gaming system of the prior art. As illustrated therein, the system comprises a Game Services Provider (which may comprise a framework, such as implemented relative to a server, for hosting and communicating various game services, including managing bingo card, bingo ball calls and bingo game sessions), a Game Host (which receives bingo game play requests, provides game play elements such as bingo cards and bingo ball draw information and provides verification of outcomes of game play, including associated awards) and a plurality of player Gaming Machines (which comprise player interfaces by which players may purchase bingo cards, provide player game inputs and are presented with verification bingo game outcomes and related awards).
A number of problems exist when considering existing Class II gaming systems relative to Class II gaming under IGRA. For example, IGRA regulations contemplate that a bingo game must be played with two or more players competing against each other for common prizes. In addition, as noted in the definition above, play of the bingo game contemplates the player providing one or more game inputs, such as covering the numbers or other designations on their card (generally referred to as "daubing"). Often, Class II gaming systems link player gaming machines in multiple locations. One problem that can arise is a loss in network connectivity between the game host and one or more player gaming machines. This can prevent, for example, the gaming host receiving confirmation that a player provided a required daubing input. This could result, for example, in the player not being credited with game play and a game win.
Existing Class II gaming systems are also limited to game play at player gaming machines. Thus, a player must travel to a venue which offers Class II gaming (e.g. on Indian lands or in other jurisdictions where wager gaming is otherwise allowed), which severely limits the participation of players. In contrast, consumers are currently allowed to participate in a wide range of events from their home computers or mobile communication devices. There is thus a desire to allow players to participate in Class II gaming from such devices.
Unfortunately, existing Class II gaming systems such as those described above do not readily facilitate such an option or problems arise when attempting to implement this functionality. For example, simply linking players' mobile phones and computers to the game system host presents a number of security risks to the system host. Another issue is that players of mobile devices and computers may not be on Indian lands where Class II gaming is permitted. In addition, simply adding "mobile" functionality to such an existing gaming system only exacerbates problems associated with network communications given that communication links to mobile and/or remote devices are inherently much less reliable.
Another issue is limited screen space to depict the game elements of the bingo card, bingo numbers, player specific information such as credit balance, and alternative entertaining displays of the outcome of the bingo game, such as spinning slot reels. In particular, under existing regulations, the bingo card and called bingo numbers/balls must be displayed to the player of the game. It is commonly desired to present the player with an alternative entertaining display of the outcome of the bingo game. However, this requires that the alternative entertaining display be presented along with the display of the bingo card and called bingo numbers/balls.
A gaming system which overcomes these and other problems is desired.

Gaming system for presenting class II games


The present invention provides a projection display capable of realizing high contrast in a display image plane. The projection display includes a light source; a first light modulator modulating light from the light source on the basis of an input image signal, and generating a first image light; a second light modulator modulating the first image light on the basis of the image signal, and generating a second image light; and a projection lens projecting the second image light generated with the second light modulator.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a projection display projecting and displaying image.
2. Description of the Related Art
In a projection display, image is generated by modulating light from a light source on the basis of image signal by using a light modulator such as a liquid crystal display (LCD), and display is performed by projecting the generated image on a screen or the like. In general, it is desired to realize high contrast in a projection display, and there has been proposed a method to improve the contrast by, for example, providing a polarizing beam filter (for example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2006-53214).
It has also been attempted to improve the contrast by providing, between a light source and a light modulator, an aperture controllable in synchronization with input image signal, and chronologically changing a level of light intensity in display image.


The disclosed systems and methods include pre-calculation, per object, of object feature bin values, for identifying close matches between objects, such as text documents, that have numerous weighted features, such as specific-length word sequences. Predetermined feature weights get scaled with two or more selected adjacent scaling factors, and randomly rounded. The expanded set of weighted features of an object gets min-hashed into a predetermined number of feature bins. For each feature that qualifies to be inserted by min-hashing into a particular feature bin, and across successive feature bins, the expanded set of weighted features get min-hashed and circularly smeared into the predetermined number of feature bins. Completed pre-calculated sets of feature bin values for each scaling of the object, together with the scaling factor, are stored for use in comparing sampled features of the object with sampled features of other objects by calculating an estimated Jaccard similarity index.

The subject matter discussed in the background section should not be assumed to be prior art merely as a result of its mention in the background section. Similarly, a problem mentioned in the background section or associated with the subject matter of the background section should not be assumed to have been previously recognized in the prior art. The subject matter in the background section merely represents different approaches, which in and of themselves may also correspond to implementations of the claimed inventions.
It is straightforward, if often computationally intensive in aggregate, to determine when two objects are identical, but it is far more useful to determine when two objects are similar. A primary cost is the pairwise comparisons, leading to a quadratic explosion in the work to compare a corpus of documents. For example, approximately one third of all web pages have look-alike pages that are nearly identical to the identified page, albeit with disparate legal boilerplate, header and footer details, such as dates and organization titles and pagination. It becomes useful and economically advantageous to assess similarity between objects, with sampling techniques and comparisons; for example, for deduplication of files and for plagiarism detection. In other applications, such as entity resolution, the goal is to find people with missing or added middle initials or names in otherwise matching data sets.
Computing approximate file similarity in very large files is a common task with many data management and information retrieval applications.

Jaccard similarity estimation of weighted samples: circular smearing with scaling and randomized rounding sample selection


A zoomable telephoto lens, comprising only five elements. The first three elements form a positive group and the last two elements form a negative group. The airspace between the two groups is made variable to effect zooming.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to two-component zoom objectives suitable for use in photographic devices.
2. Description Relative to the Prior Art
Among photographic objectives for still cameras, a wide acceptance has been found by zoom lenses having a zoom ratio on the order cf 1.5 to 2.0.
The designs for this type of optical system generally fall into two categories.
In the first category are so-called short zoom lenses that are comprised of a front negative optical unit and a rear positive optical unit, an example of which is disclosed in Japanese Kokai, laid open patent application, 53-91756. Despite the small size of the lens system, these systems have a serious drawback; namely, a long back focal length. Even though the lens itself may be short, a camera embodying the lens is inevitably bulky because of long back focal length.
Although this can be remedied by use of optical folding elements in the space between the lens and ohe film plane, the additional element increases the cost as well as weight of the optical system.
The second category of zoom lenses evolved in order to counter the problems associated with the first lens category. During the search for an approach to come up with small zoom lenses, lens designers had available to them the lenses that are comprised of two optical units of positive and negative power, counting from the front. These lenses have a small back focal length when compared to their focal length and are called telephoto lenses. This means that such lenses have a focal length such that the ratio of the distance from the front vertex to the image plane to the focal length is less than one. Descriptions of telephoto-zoom lenses exist in prior art; for example, FR. 1,259,007 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,682,860. However, these designs tended to consist of at least six lens elements (if color correction is desired) or tended to produce rather steep curvatures of surfaces of lens elements.


The invention is based on the development of several sensitive and simple methods for detecting erythropoietin and the erythropoietin receptor and associated antibodies. The methods and reagents are useful for differential diagnosis in Epo and EpoR related clinical problems. Methods and kits for simultaneous measurement of erythropoietin and erythropoietin receptor in a biological sample are described.

Erythropoietin (Epo) is a glycoprotein hormone of molecular weight 34 kilodaltons (kDa) that is produced in the mammalian kidney and liver. Epo is a key component in erythropoiesis, inducing the proliferation and differentiation of red cell progenitors. Epo activity also is associated with the activation of a number of erythroid-specific genes, including globin and carbonic anhydrase. Bondurant et al., Mol. Cell Biol. 5: 675-683 (1985); Koury et al., J. Cell. Physiol. 126: 259-265 (1986). The erythropoietin receptor (EpoR) is a member of the hematopoietic/cytokine/growth factor receptor family, which includes several other growth factor receptors, such as the interleukin (IL)-3, -4 and -6 receptors, the granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) receptor as well as the prolactin and growth hormone receptors. Bazan, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA 87: 6934-6938 (1990). Members of the cytokine receptor family contain four conserved cysteine residues and a tryptophan-serine-X-tryptophan-serine motif positioned just outside the transmembrane region. The conserved sequences are thought to be involved in protein-protein interactions. Chiba et al., Biochim. Biophys. Res. Comm; 184: 485-490 (1992).
EpoR cDNA has been isolated recently from mouse liver (Tojo et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 148: 443-48 (1987)) and from human fetal liver. Jones et al., Blood 76: 31-35 (1990); Winkelmann et al., Blood 76: 24-30 (1990). The human cDNA encodes a polypeptide chain of MW ˜55 kDa and having about 508 amino acids. Genomic clones of human EpoR have been isolated and sequenced. Penny and Forget, Genomics 11: 974-80 (1991); Noguchi et al., Blood 78: 2548-2556 (1991). Analysis of the coding sequence predicts about 24 amino acid residues in a signal peptide, about 226 amino acids in an extracellular domain, about 23 amino acids in a membrane-spanning domain, and about 235 amino acids in a cytoplasmic domain. D'Andrea and Zon, J. Clin. Invest. 86: 681-687 (1990); Jones et al., Blood 76: 31-35, (1990) and; Penny and Forget, Genomics 11: 974-80 (1991). The mature human EpoR protein has about 484 amino acids. All human erythroid progenitor cells have been shown to contain Epo receptors. Binding of Epo appears to decline as erythroid progenitor cells mature, until Epo receptors are not detectable on reticulocytes. Sawada et al., J. Clin. Invest. 80: 357-366 (1987); Sawada et al., J. Cell. Physiol. 137: 337 (1988). Epo maintains the cellular viability of the erythroid progenitor cells and allows them to proceed with mitosis and differentiation. Two major erythroid progenitors responsive to Epo are the Burst-forming units-erythroid (BFU-E) and the Colony-forming units-erythroid (CFU-E). The Epo receptor number correlates very well with the response to Epo in normal BFU-E and CFU-E. Epo receptor numbers appear to decline after reaching the peak receptor number at the CFU-E stage in human and murine cells. Sawada et al., J. Clin. Invest. 80: 357-366 (1987); and Landschulz et al., Blood 73: 1476-1486 (1989). The recovery of Epo receptors after removal of Epo appears to be dependent on protein synthesis, which suggests downregulation of Epo receptor by degradation, and the subsequent upregulation of receptors by the new synthesis of receptors when Epo is removed. Sawyer and Hankins, Blood 72: 132 (1988); and Komatsu and Fujita, Cancer Res., 53:1156-1161 (1993). Studies of Epo receptors on megakaryocytes and erythroid progenitors suggest that there is a link between the regulation of erythropoiesis and thrombopoiesis, in that stimulation of cell division by both cell types is controlled by Epo receptor numbers. Berridge et al., Blood 72: 970-977 (1988); and Komatsu and Fujita, supra. Although the Epo receptor has been cloned, the precise mechanisms involved in binding of Epo to Epo receptors and the relationship to subsequent erythropoietic processes are not known.
Characterization of the Epo receptor (EpoR) has been difficult due to the extremely small quantities of EpoR that can be obtained from natural sources. Thus, the mechanism of Epo interaction with its receptor, which stimulates erythropoiesis, is still unknown. D'Andrea and Zon, J. Clin. Invest. 86: 681-687 (1990). Recently this mechanism has been of great interest in understanding the role of growth factors and their receptors in leukemogenesis; altered hematopoietic growth factors and their receptors may contribute to tumorigenesis and leukemogenesis. Dunbar et al., Science 245: 1493-1496 (1989) and; Li et al., J. Virol. 57: 534-538 (1986).
Several studies of the correlation between the Epo responsiveness of a particular cell type and the affinity of the cell type for Epo have reported discordant results. These studies have used recombinant Epo or EpoR possessing some non-native amino acid sequence from the corresponding plasmid vectors. Berridge et al., Blood 72: 970-977 (1988); and Harris et al., J. Biol. Chem. 267: 15205-09 (1992). It is possible that tertiary structural changes and/or other features of these recombinant Epo or EpoR molecules have changed the characteristics of the native protein. Thus, it would be a significant advance to obtain substantially pure fragments of the Epo receptor, free of extraneous (e.g, vector) amino acid sequence. Although it could not be predicted whether or not such fragments would retain functional activity, nevertheless a purified extracellular domain fragment would be particularly useful since Epo binds to the extracellular domain of the Epo receptor.

Detection of erythropoietin and erythropoietin receptor


Systems, devices, methods, media, and instructions for automated image processing and content curation are described. In one embodiment a server computer system communicates at least a portion of a first content collection to a first client device, and receives a first selection communication in response, the first selection communication identifying a first piece of content of the first plurality of pieces of content. The server analyzes analyzing the first piece of content to identify a set of context values for the first piece of content, and accesses accessing a second content collection comprising pieces of content sharing at least a portion of the set of context values of the first piece of content. In various embodiments, different content values, image processing operations, and content selection operations are used to curate the content collections.

Improvements in camera technology and the integration of high-quality image sensors with mobile devices such as smartphones have caused a large increase in the volume of images and image files that a person may interact with and manage. In addition to large numbers of images in personal galleries, users may also have content from other sources on a personal device. Content such as news stories or other collections of live or recent content have traditionally been presented to consumers in a heavily controlled and curated format. Early formats for news presentation included newspapers and magazines. Later formats included broadcast radio and television news. Traditional media and news sources for time sensitive content are typically heavily associated with corporations or well-known persons that gather and present information about current events and happenings. In the modern Internet era, many such news sources have fragmented, but core aspects of information gathering and presentation often remain associated with professionals gathering and sharing information in a way that is tied to an individual identity. While such practices have been able to support some news structures with valuable analysis, the process for generating stories where select professionals filter information and generate stories is time consuming and introduces significant delay between an event occurring and presentation of information to a news consumer. Similarly, individual management of content may overwhelm a user when the amount of content becomes excessive.

Systems and methods for content navigation with automated curation


The present invention generally relates to a medical device and procedure for accurately positioning a catheter across a desired region within a patient""s vasculature. In particular, the present invention provides a hub assembly unit that allows a physician to precisely position a stent within a vessel utilizing a stent delivery catheter. The hub assembly unit includes a fine adjustment mechanism. The fine adjustment mechanism extends or contracts the length of the hub assembly unit in controlled incremental units. These controlled fine displacements are then translated directly to the stent delivery or balloon dilation catheter.

The present invention generally relates to a medical device for positioning a stent delivery or dilatation balloon catheter within the vascular system of a patient. More specifically, the present invention discloses a hub assembly unit providing an operator the ability to finely adjust the positioning of a stent delivery or a balloon dilation catheter within a patient""s vascular system.
Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) is a well-established procedure for dilating stenosed vessel regions within a patient""s vasculature. In this procedure, a balloon angioplasty catheter is introduced into the vasculature, typically through an incision in the femoral artery in the groin. The balloon catheter is then advanced through the femoral artery, through the aortic arch, and into the artery to be treated. The balloon portion of the dilation catheter is specifically advanced across the stenosis or constricted vessel, wherein the balloon is inflated. Inflation of the balloon dilates the surrounding vessel and/or displaces the plaque the forms the stenosis. The resulting treated vessel is then characterized by a greater cross-sectional area permitting additional blood flow through the previously occluded or constricted region.
Over a period, a previously dilated vessel may narrow. Often this narrowing is a result of a vessel xe2x80x9creboundingxe2x80x9d from an angioplasty procedure. In order to prevent vessel rebounding, stents are often deployed concurrently with a vessel dilation procedure. A stent is positioned across the treated dilated region of vasculature where it is radially expanded utilizing a stent delivery catheter. Once properly seated within the vessel wall, the frame of the stent opposes any inward radial forces associated with vessel rebounding.
During a PTCA procedure, it is often necessary to finely adjust the positioning of the stent delivery or balloon dilatation catheter. Improper placement of a stent within a desired region can cause a portion of the treated vessel to narrow, substantially decreasing the benefits of the initial medical procedure.
Currently, a physician positions the distal end of a balloon dilatation or stent delivery catheter by manually pushing or pulling on the proximal end of the catheter. These pushing and pulling motions must be transmitted through the entire length of the catheter shaft to affect the catheter""s distal tip. The catheter shaft in a medical procedure, however, is usually quite intricately routed within a patient""s vascular system. The vascular pathlength from the femoral artery to the desired treatable artery is usually long and quite tortuous. Manipulations made by the physician at the catheter""s proximal end, therefore, do not necessarily directly translate to the same movements at the catheter""s distal end.
Catheters have a natural tendency to compress or elongate irregularly when manipulated proximally. More specifically, when advancing a catheter from the catheter""s proximal end, the catheter tends to advance into and through the curves of vessel walls where they contact a greater surface area. An advancing catheter, therefore, requires greater force and displacement at the catheter""s proximal end to move the catheter a desired length at the catheter""s distal end. In contrast, a retracting catheter straightens through the curvature of vessel walls causing the catheter to elongate when withdrawn.
A physician is often required to make a series of advancements and retractions of the catheter to effectively navigate through the tortuous vascular system of a patient. Each advancement and retraction compresses or elongates various sections of the catheter. These compressions and elongations store potential energy throughout the length of the catheter shaft. Coarse manipulations by a physician at the catheter""s proximal end may affect the arrangement of these compressions and elongations. Specifically, pulling and pushing of the proximal end of a catheter may cause an unaccounted for release of stored potential energy in the catheter shaft. This unaccounted for release of energy is called the xe2x80x9cbacklashxe2x80x9d phenomenon. Backlash causes a physician to experience either a sudden burst or a lag in relative movement of the distal end of the catheter. This unaccounted for release functionally decreases accuracy in positioning a catheter within a patient""s vascular system. Further, even without the issues related to stored energy and backlash, making the necessary fine adjustments requires more time and is less accurate than desirable.
Further complications arise when a physician attempts to inflate the stent delivery or balloon dilation catheter. Before inflation, a physician must tighten the hemostasis valve around the catheter. Tightening the hemostasis valve, however, may cause the stent delivery catheter to move out of position. Consequently, the physician is forced to reposition the catheter once again across the desired vascular region. As a result, the time spent repositioning the distal end of a catheter causes unnecessary medical expense and further trauma to the patient.
The present invention provides a medical device permitting fine adjustments of the distal end of a stent deployment or balloon dilatation catheter. In particular, the present invention discloses a hub assembly unit providing a fine adjustment mechanism. The fine adjustment mechanism extends or contracts the length of the hub assembly unit in controlled incremental units. These controlled fine displacements are then translated directly to the stent delivery or balloon dilation catheter.
Contrary to coarse adjustments, fine displacements have been found to conserve stored potential energy within a catheter system. A physician may therefore incrementally adjust the displacement of the hub assembly unit of the present invention to accurately and predictably advance or withdraw a stent delivery or balloon dilation catheter. In the present invention, fine adjustments made at the proximal end of the hub assembly unit directly translate to similar adjustments at the distal end of the catheter. Thus, the hub assembly unit of the present invention allows a physician to precisely position a stent delivery or balloon dilation catheter at a desired point within a desired region of a patient""s vasculature.

Stent delivery catheter positioning device