A multi charged particle beam writing apparatus includes a maximum irradiation time acquisition processing circuitry to acquire, for each shot of multi-beams, a maximum irradiation time of irradiation time of each of the multi-beams, a unit region writing time calculation processing circuitry to calculate, using the maximum irradiation time for each shot, a unit region writing time by totalizing the maximum irradiation time of each shot of a plurality of times of shots of the multi-beams which irradiate a unit region concerned during stage moving, for each unit region of a plurality of unit regions obtained by dividing a writing region of a target object, a stage speed calculation processing circuitry to calculate speed of the stage for each unit region so that the stage speed becomes variable, by using the unit region writing time and a stage control processing circuitry to variably control the stage speed.

Field of the Invention
Embodiments of the present invention relate generally to a multi charged particle beam writing apparatus and a multi charged particle beam writing method, and more specifically, relate, for example, to a control method of the stage used in multi-beam writing.
Description of Related Art
The lithography technique that advances miniaturization of semiconductor devices is extremely important as a unique process whereby patterns are formed in semiconductor manufacturing. In recent years, with high integration of LSI, the line width (critical dimension) required for semiconductor device circuits becomes progressively narrower year by year. The electron beam writing technique, which intrinsically has excellent resolution, is used for writing or "drawing" patterns on a wafer and the like with electron beams.
As a known example of employing the electron beam writing technique, there is a writing apparatus using multi-beams. Since it is possible for multi-beam writing to irradiate multiple beams at a time, the writing throughput can be greatly increased in comparison with single beam writing. A writing apparatus employing the multi-beam technique, for example, forms multi-beams by letting portions of an electron beam emitted from an electron gun pass through a corresponding hole of a plurality of holes in a mask, performs blanking control for each beam, reduces each unblocked beam by an optical system, and deflects it by a deflector so as to irradiate a desired position on a target object or "sample".
The multi-beam writing apparatus employs a method, which is currently under development, of irradiating multi-beams to a plurality of corresponding pixel regions at a time while moving a stage at a constant speed on the basis of a raster scanning system. Although the stage speed is controlled at a constant speed, it may decrease due to turning of the stage at starting or finishing writing a stripe region. On such occasion, if beam on/off control is performed with a fixed shot cycle, the dose becomes excessive due to the stage speed decrease generated at the stage turning. Regarding dose adjustment for preventing such excess of the dose, there is disclosed a method of cutting a superfluous dose by a blanking mechanism (for example, refer to Japanese Unexamined Publication No. JP 2009-532887A). However, it is difficult for this method to perform writing highly accurately and improve the throughput.
If merely the beam on/off control with a fixed shot cycle is performed, dimension errors occur due to proximity effect. Then, aiming at higher accuracy in accordance with recent requirement of miniaturization, proximity effect correction by dose correction needs to be performed. In order to perform proximity effect correction by using a dose, it is necessary to variably control the dose. In addition, in the case of correcting proximity effect by using a dose, it is necessary to increase the dose in the region where the pattern density is low. Therefore, the irradiation time needs to be set long in the region with low pattern density, and to be set short in the region with high pattern density.
On the other hand, when the stage speed is controlled at a constant speed similarly to the conventional raster scanning system, the speed is determined according to the beam whose irradiation time is longest. Therefore, the stage speed is determined according to the region where the irradiation time is long and the pattern density is low. However, in the region where the pattern density is low, writing takes time because the irradiation time is long from the first, and further, if there is a region with no pattern while the stage is moving, latency exists in which merely waiting is performed without irradiating beams. Therefore, in the region with low pattern density, there may occur an inversion phenomenon in that the throughput is lower than that of the single beam writing method of a vector system. With respect to the multi-beam writing apparatus, high throughput performance in the region with high pattern density cancels out the throughput decrease caused by the inversion phenomenon, and increases the total throughput higher than that of the single beam writing method.
However, since the stage speed is determined according to the region where irradiation time is long and pattern density is low, latency to wait for a next shot occurs, even when beam irradiation has been completed, in the region where pattern density is high. Thus, inherent high throughput performance of the multi-beam writing method has not been fully achieved.

Multi charged particle beam writing apparatus and multi charged particle beam writing method


A semiconductor device includes a carrier having a first central axis extending along a first direction and a second central axis extending along a second direction, a plurality of dies disposed on a surface of the carrier, and a plurality of scribing lines separating the plurality of dies from each other. The plurality of scribing lines include a plurality of continuous lines along the first direction and a plurality of discontinuous lines along the second direction, at least one of the plurality of continuous lines overlaps the first central axis, at least one of the plurality of discontinuous lines overlaps the second central axis. The plurality of dies are symmetrically arranged on the carrier about the first central axis and the second central axis.

Electronic equipment involving numbers of semiconductor devices are indispensable from our daily life. The semiconductor device includes numbers of dies or chips which are configured for executing and performing different functions. With the advancement of electronic technology, each electronic equipment has to execute and perform more and more complicated and multiple functions, and thus the electronic equipment involves more and more numbers of dies or chips within the electronic equipment.
The die is manufactured from a carrier such as semiconductor wafer. The carrier is configured for supporting numbers of dies on the surface of the carrier. The carrier is divided by numbers of scribing lines on a surface of the carrier. The scribing lines are continuous straight lines across the carrier. The dies are arranged on the carrier in numbers of horizontal rows and vertical columns as a matrix according to the numbers of scribing lines. The carrier is sawed by a sawing tool such as mechanical blade or laser blade, and thus the dies are singulated from the carrier by cutting the carrier according the numbers of scribing lines.
As there are some constraints on the dies singulation operations, the dies are required to be disposed in the numbers of rows and columns and thus in a matrix or chessboard layout. However, such layout of the carrier has not fully utilized the surface of the carrier for manufacturing the dies, particularly the carrier is a wafer which is in circular shape. Some areas near an edge of the carrier cannot be utilized efficiently, and thus numbers of incomplete dies are formed near the edge of the carrier and formation of incomplete dies would lead to material wastage issue. As such, there is a continuous demand on improving the configuration of the carrier for manufacturing operations to optimize quantity of dies manufactured from the carrier and solve the above deficiencies.

Semiconductor wafer device and manufacturing method thereof

TAIWAN SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING COMPANY LTD.


Disclosed herein are pharmaceutical formulations of aprepitant suitable for parenteral administration including intravenous administration. The pharmaceutical formulations are stable and ready-to-use liposomes for the treatment of emesis and are particularly useful for treatment of chemotherapy or surgery-induced nausea and vomiting. Methods of preparation of the aprepitant formulations are also provided.

Aprepitant, with a chemical name 5-[[(2R,3S)-2-[(1R)-1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] ethoxy]-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-morpholinyl]methyl]-1,2-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one, has the structure:
or a triazinone tautomer.
This medication is also used to prevent nausea and vomiting after surgery. Aprepitant is currently available in the United States as an oral capsule; however, due to the nausea and vomiting experienced by patients, alternative formulations suitable for parenteral or intravenous administration would be desirable.
Liquid formulations containing aprepitant are very challenging to make due to the poor water solubility of aprepitant. Attempts have been made to overcome the poor aqueous solubility. For example, nanoparticulate formulations having a particle size of about 1000 nm were prepared and commercially marketed (EMEND®, Merck) for oral administration. Administration of this formulation yields a bioavailability of about 60-65%.
A lyophilized water-soluble prodrug salt form of aprepitant, foraprepitant (EMEND FOR INJECTION®, Merck), is commercially available for intravenous administration. Upon IV administration of a reconstituted formulation, foraprepitant is rapidly converted to aprepitant in vivo. However, the reconstituted material is only stable for 24 hours. Furthermore, this product contains polysorbate 80 surfactant. Polysorbate 80 is well known to cause allergic reactions, including the potential to cause anaphylaxis and infusion-site reactions which can lead to death. To minimize these reactions, foraprepitant is often administered with steroids; nevertheless, severe reactions are still frequently reported.
US 2013/0317016 A1 discloses aqueous formulations of aprepitant containing cosolvent and surfactant. Aprepitant was solubilized in cosolvent/surfactant systems and remained stable for 3 weeks. These formulations also contain surfactants (polysorbate 80, cremophor RH 40, poloxamer) that are well known to cause allergic reactions. Furthermore, the formulations contained co-solvents (dimethylacetamide, ethanol, PEG400) which are known to cause injection-related toxicities (e.g., phlebitis).
US 2016/0082013 A1 discloses emulsion formulations of aprepitant, which contain soybean oil, surfactant, co-surfactant, and ethanol for injectable administration. The formulation was reported to be stable for prolonged periods of time and is suitable for parenteral administration. Several disadvantages of this preparation include the presence of soybean oil which may lead to fat overload (high blood triglycerides), the presence of sodium oleate and ethanol which may cause injection-related reactions, high formulation pH which can cause pain during IV administration, and high concentration of egg lecithin which may also cause allergic reactions that can require premedication with steroids.
Therefore, new stable formulations are still needed, and in fact highly desirable, for administration of drugs like aprepitant.

Nanosome formulations of aprepitant and methods and applications thereof


A method for removing blow molds from a forming device for transforming plastic preforms into plastic containers may include arranging a multi-piece blow mold on a blow mold carrier. The method may include separating the blow mold in at least partly assembled state from the blow mold carrier.

Forming devices have been known for some time in the prior art, such as for example blow-moulding devices which transform plastic preforms into plastic containers. To this end such devices normally have so-called blow moulds which can be folded together and in their interior form a cavity which serves for expansion of a plastic preform against the walls of the cavity in order thus to produce plastic containers.
These blow moulds therefore usually have two blow mould halves which are arranged in corresponding blow mould carriers.
If a corresponding device is to be converted to different bottle types, for this the blow moulds must be removed from the mould carriers and replaced with other blow moulds. This process is relatively time-intensive since, in particular for a multiplicity of blow stations, each individual blow mould must be removed from its carrier.
For this reason the prior art discloses various coupling mechanisms which allow separation of the blow moulds from their carriers as quickly as possible. Such quick-release mechanisms partly allow very rapid exchange of the blow moulds concerned. Nonetheless faster possibilities for this blow mould change are always sought.
It may therefore be desirable to develop a faster method of fitting/removal of such blow moulds. It may also be desirable to perform such blow mould changes automatically where applicable.

Method and device for installing and/or removing blow moulds


Melt crystallization of a photographic composition containing dispersed particles of a filter dye and dispersed particles of oxidized developer scavenger, in particular a hydrazide or a disulfonamidophenol oxidized developer scavenger, is inhibited by dispersing the oxidized developer scavenger in the composition in the form of particles comprising the oxidized developer scavenger dispersed or dissolved in an organic solvent selected such that the following relationship is satisfied: EQU 6.65+10.0 A-1.53 B+0.11 B.sup.2 -0.99 AB<4.0. wherein A is the weight ratio of organic solvent to oxidized developer scavenger; and B is the log P of the organic solvent.

Photographic elements generally form images through a reaction in which a developer reduces exposed silver halide to metallic silver. The oxidized developer then often reacts with a coupler that forms or releases an image-forming dye or other photographically useful compound. However, unwanted reactions between oxidized developer and components of the photographic element can cause adverse effects, such as color contamination. For example, in a multilayer color photographic element, a different color dye image is formed in each color-sensitive layer of the element by the reaction of oxidized developer in that layer with a dye forming coupler. Migration of oxidized developer from one color-sensitive layer to another can cause unwanted dye formation in one layer as a result of exposure and development in another layer, adversely effecting color image reproduction.
In order to minimize unwanted reactions between oxidized developer and components of the photographic element, oxidized developer scavengers are used. These scavengers are incorporated in photographic elements in locations, such as interlayers, to prevent or reduce the reaction of oxidized developer with components in the element. Oxidized developer scavengers are well known in the art and are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,366,236 to Takahashi, 4,447,523 to Ross et al., 4,923,787 to Harder, and 4,927,744 to Henzel et al.
Photographic elements also often contain filter dyes to absorb light from different regions of the spectrum, such as red, green, blue, ultraviolet, and infrared. These filter dyes are often required to perform the function of absorbing light during exposure of the material so as to prevent or at least inhibit light of a region of the spectrum from reaching at least one of the radiation sensitive layers of the element. Filter dyes are often employed in photographic elements as solid particle dispersions as described, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,361,899 to Lange et al. 4,770,984 to Ailliet et al., 4,900,653 to Factor et al., 4,923,788 to Shuttleworth et al., 4,940,654 to Diehl et al., 4,948,717 to Diehl et al., 4,948,718 to Factor et al., 4,988,611 to Anderson et al., and 4,994,356 to Diehl et al.
It may be desirable for the oxidized developer scavenger and the filter dye to be contained in the same layer. In this case, they are generally applied to a photographic support in the same photographic coating composition and must be compatible with one another in the composition prior to being coated. That is to say that they should remain stable in the presence of each other during melt holding, for example, when held in a coating melt at about 45.degree. C. for up to about 24 hours.

Photographic coating compositions and photographic elements made therefrom


A semiconductor integrated circuit device includes a second conduction type first diffusion region formed in a surface of a first conduction type semiconductor substrate. A first conduction type second diffusion region is formed in the first diffusion region, a second conduction type third diffusion region is formed in the second diffusion region, and a first conduction type fourth diffusion region is formed in the third diffusion region. A current measuring section measures a current value of current flowing through the second diffusion region, and outputs a current value signal in accordance with the measured current value. A control section is supplied with the current value signal, and supplies control current to the first diffusion region in accordance with the current value signal. A first resistor element has a first terminal connected with the first diffusion region and a second terminal connected with the second diffusion region.

This application is based upon and claims the benefit of priority from the prior Japanese Patent Application No. 2003-026226, filed Feb. 3, 2003, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a semiconductor integrated circuit device, and in particular, to a semiconductor integrated circuit device having a vertical type bipolar transistor.
2. Description of the Related Art
In a semiconductor integrated circuit (IC) device having a bipolar transistor formed on a semiconductor substrate, a diffusion region is formed around the bipolar transistor in order to electrically isolate the transistor from other transistor elements (not shown).
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing the basic structure of the transistor formed on the semiconductor substrate. As seen from FIG. 5, an N-type diffusion region (first diffusion region) tub for electric isolation is formed in a P-type semiconductor substrate sub forming an IC. A vertical type bipolar transistor Q1 is formed in the diffusion region tub. That is, a p-type diffusion region (second diffusion region) c is formed in the diffusion region tub, and an N-type diffusion region (third diffusion region) b is formed in the diffusion region c, and further, a P-type diffusion region (fourth diffusion region) e is formed in the diffusion region b. An electrode TUB, collector electrode C, base electrode B and emitter electrode E are formed on the semiconductor substrate sub in the diffusion region tub, diffusion region c, diffusion region b and diffusion region e, respectively. A substrate electrode SUB is formed on the semiconductor substrate sub outside the above diffusion regions.
A voltage is applied to the diffusion region tub and the diffusion region c and the semiconductor substrate sub so that each PN junction between the diffusion region tub and diffusion region c and between the diffusion region tub and the semiconductor substrate sub are reverse-biased. By doing so, the semiconductor substrate sub and the diffusion region c are electrically isolated.
As shown in FIG. 5, parasitic transistors (hereinafter, referred simply to as transistor) Q2 and Q3 and a distributed resistor (hereinafter, referred simply to as resistor) r are formed by the diffusion region tub, the diffusion region c, the diffusion region b and the diffusion region e. The transistor Q1, the transistor Q2, the transistor Q3 and the resistor r form an equivalent circuit shown in FIG. 6. The transistor Q2, the transistor Q3 and the resistor r are formed, thereby causing the following problem in accordance with biasing to the diffusion region tub.
As depicted in FIG. 7, for example, the highest potential of IC, that is, a potential (typically, power-supply potential) Vcc is applied to the electrode TUB. By doing so, each PN junction formed between the diffusion region tub and the diffusion region c and between the diffusion region tub and the semiconductor substrate sub is always reverse-biased. However, the above biasing is not used if the breakdown voltage between the diffusion region c and the diffusion region tub is low. In addition, if the collector electrode C is connected to an external device, there is a possibility that a potential more than the above potential Vcc is applied to the collector electrode C. As a result, the junction between the electrode TUB and the collector electrode C is forward-biased; therefore, large current flows through the electrode TUB in the forward direction of a diode d. For this reason, the PN junction between the diffusion region tub and the diffusion region c is broken down, and an excessive load is given to the device connected with the collector electrode C.
Another biasing to the diffusion region tub is employed such that the electrode TUB and the collector electrode C are connected as shown in FIG. 8. According to the above biasing, the diffusion region tub and the diffusion region b have the same potential; for this reason, the PN junction between the diffusion region tub and the diffusion region b is not tuned on even if a potential more than the potential Vcc is applied to the collector electrode C. Therefore, it is possible to prevent excessive current from flowing through the transistor Q1. However, according to the above biasing, the transistor Q1 and the transistor Q2 form a thyristor structure; for this reason, latch-up is easy to occur. More specifically, when a collector current of the transistor Q1 becomes a predetermined value with the operation of the transistor Q1, the transistor Q2 is turned on by the potential difference generated across the resistor r. As a result, a collector current of the transistor Q2, that is, a base current of the transistor Q1 increases, thereby increasing a current carrying the collector-emitter junction of the transistor Q1. According to the above positive feedback, a large current flows through the transistor Q1; for this reason, there is a possibility that the transistor Q1 is broken down.
Another biasing is employed such that a resistor element R is interposed between the electrode TUB and the collector electrode C as shown in FIG. 9. According to the above biasing, in the above latch-up operation process, the current becomes hard to flow between the collector and the emitter of the transistor Q2; therefore, the latch-up is prevented. The larger the value of the resistor element R is, more effective it is to prevent the latch-up. However, too large value of the resistor element R causes the following problem. That is, as shown in FIG. 10, when the transistor Q1 is saturated, the potential high and low relationship between the electrode B and the electrode TUB is inverted followed by inversion of a bias direction of the transistor Q2, which causes the emitter and collector of the transistor Q2 to operate in a inverted state of the those of the FIG. 5. As a result, the current flows from the collector of the transistor Q2 to the emitter thereof. However, because the value of the resistor element R is large, the collector potential of the transistor Q2 decreases. Therefore, the transistor Q2 is saturated. Whereupon, the base-emitter junction of the transistor Q3 is forward-biased, so that the transistor Q3 can be turned on. The transistor Q3 is turned on; as a result, the collector current of the transistor Q1 flows into the semiconductor substrate via the transistor Q3 (substrate current Isub). In particular, because the transistor Q3 has a large area on the substrate plane, it is easy to turn on even if the bias of the base-emitter junction is small. As a result, the above problem remarkably appears.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a semiconductor integrated circuit device comprising: a first conduction type semiconductor substrate; a second conduction type first diffusion region formed in a surface of the semiconductor substrate; a first conduction type second diffusion region formed in the first diffusion region; a second conduction type third diffusion region formed in the second diffusion region; a first conduction type fourth diffusion region formed in the third diffusion region; a current measuring section measuring a current value of current flowing through the second diffusion region, and outputting a current value signal in accordance with the measured current value; a control section supplied with the current value signal, and supplying control current to the first diffusion region in accordance with the current value signal; and a first resistor element having a first terminal connected with the first diffusion region, and a second terminal connected with the second diffusion region.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a semiconductor integrated circuit device comprising: a first conduction type semiconductor substrate; a second conduction type first diffusion region formed in a surface of the semiconductor substrate; a first conduction type second diffusion region formed in the first diffusion region; a second conduction type third diffusion region formed in the second diffusion region; a first conduction type fourth diffusion region formed in the third diffusion region; a current measuring section measuring a current value of current flowing through the fourth diffusion region, and outputting a current value signal in accordance with the measured current value; a control section supplied with the current value signal, and supplying control current to the first diffusion region in accordance with the current value signal; and a first resistor element having a first terminal connected with the first diffusion region, and a second terminal connected with the second diffusion region.


A method detects a target material in a sample, and includes: providing an aptasensor having a first aptamer capable of binding with hemin; a second aptamer capable of binding with the target material; and a nucleotide linker connecting the first aptamer and the second aptamer, adding hemin to the sample, contacting the aptasensor with the sample including hemin to bind the first aptamer with hemin and the second aptamer with the target material; adding a substrate for 1,1′-oxalyldiimidazole (ODI) chemiluminescence (CL), and measuring intensity of CL.

Recently, a number of biosensors for the early diagnosis and rapid prognosis of human diseases (e.g., acute myocardial infarction, cancer, infectious diseases) have been developed. This is because various fatal human diseases can often be treated if they are diagnosed early. For example, National Cancer Institute (NCI) noticed that 5-year survival rate of breast cancer patients from 2004 to 2010 in USA was 89.2%. In addition, American Cancer Society recently reported that 5-year survival rate of breast cancer patients in stages 0 and 1 is 100%. Also, 93% of breast cancer patients in stages 2 survive for 5 years or more.
In order to early diagnose human diseases, most of biosensors have generally been developed based on the principle of immunoassay operated with specific antibodies (e.g., capture and detection antibodies) capable of rapidly binding a biomarker existing in human samples (e.g., whole blood, serum, plasma, urine). A detection antibody conjugated with a specific enzyme such as horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is widely used to enhance the sensitivity of biosensor. Sandwich enzyme immunoassay with a capture antibody and a detection antibody-conjugated HRP or ALP is highly sensitive with acceptable accuracy and reproducibility. However, antibodies and enzymes obtained from the sacrifice of animals are very expensive and intractable in ambient condition.
Many research groups have developed various methods to immobilize multiple detection antibodies and enzymes on the surface of nanoparticles such as gold, platinum, and silver. Using the nanoparticles modified with detection antibody-conjugated HRP, it was possible to develop more sensitive enzyme immunoassays. However, the system of biosensor was more expensive and more complicated than conventional enzyme immunoassay.
Since 1990, various aptamers composed of DNA, RNA, or peptide have been discovered and designed with the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX). This is because the function of cost-effective aptamers are similar to or better than that of expensive antibodies. For example, the binding rate of a specific aptamer to capture a biomarker in human sample is similar to or more rapid than that of a conventional antibody.
Using the advantages of aptamer, many biosensors were developed as a medical device because the selectivity of biosensor using DNA or RNA aptamer conjugated with fluorescence dye (e.g., fluorescein, 6-FAM) are acceptable for the early diagnosis of human diseases. In general, the biosensor devised using an aptamer is called the aptasensor. Unfortunately, the sensitivity of aptasensor using a detection aptamer-conjugated fluorescent dye was not as good as that of biosensor using a detection antibody conjugated with HRP. In order to solve the disadvantages of aptasensor, recently, various nanoparticles as well as microspheres (e.g., magnetic beads) were used to enhance the sensitivity of aptasensor. Thus, the complicated aptasensors, like enzyme immunoassays, were operated with time-consuming procedures such as multiple incubations and washings.
Hemin (FIG. 1(a)) is known as a HRP-mimicking compound. Also, the efficiency of hemin bound with DNA hemin aptamers, called HRP-mimicking G-quadruplex DNAzyme (FIG. 1(b)), is as good as that of HRP in enzyme immunoassay (Whillner, I., Shlyahovsky, B., Zayats, M., and Willner, B. (2008) DNAzymes for sensing, nanobiotechnology and logic gate applications, Chem. Soc. Rev. 37, 1153-1165). Also, the HRP-mimicking G-quadruplex DNAzyme is stable in ambient condition even though the expensive HRP must be stored in a freezer (<−20° C.). Recently, several aptasensors using a mixture of aptamers and HRP-mimicking G-quadruplex DNAzyme have been developed as diagnostic methods. The aptasensor using HRP-mimicking G-quadruplex DNAzyme was more sensitive than the aptasensor using fluorescent dye. However, using a simple mixture of aptamers and HRP-mimicking G-quadruplex DNAzyme requires time-consuming procedures such as multiple incubations, as well as multiple washings after each incubation.
Colorimetric, fluorescence, and chemiluminescence are widely applied as optical detection methods of conventional immunoassays as well as aptasensors. Chemiluminescence detection is more sensitive than other optical sensors because the background of chemiluminescence emitted from a chemical reaction is lower than those of absorbance and fluorescence generated by a light source such as halogen, Xenon, and laser generated with high-voltage power supply. Luminol chemiluminescence is widely applied as a detection method of enzyme immunoassay using HRP and aptasensor using G-quadruplex DNAzyme even though 1,1′-oxalyldiimidazole (ODI) chemiluminescence is more sensitive than luminol chemiluminescence in enzyme immunoassay. ODI chemiluminescence has never been used as a detection method of aptasensor using G-quadruplex DNAzyme yet.
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is well-known as a breast cancer marker. Currently, sandwich enzyme immunoassay using a detection antibody conjugated with HRP or ALP is widely applied. Recently, two different types of DNA aptamers, capable of rapidly capturing CEA in a sample, have been developed. However, a highly sensitive aptasensor, using the CEA aptamer, has yet to be developed for the early diagnosis of breast cancer.

Aptasensor and method of detecting target material


When a group of documents are received, the scan priority of the documents may be determined, according to one embodiment, by acquiring contexts about each of the documents and calculating a scan priority of each of the documents according to a combination of the contexts of the document. Then, each of the documents may be stored to a queue corresponding to the scan priority of the document, such that documents stored in a higher priority queue are processed before documents stored to a lower priority queue. Also, a confidentiality label may be assigned to each of the documents, starting with the documents in the highest priority queue first, based on content acquired from each of the individual documents.

The present invention relates to document processing; and more specifically, this invention relates to determining scan priority of documents.
Typically, the confidentiality of information in a document or file on a computer is determined by an entity, and then a confidentiality label is assigned to the document or file which allows for restricting access to the information to only parties which have authority to access the document or file. However, for example, when an administrator, or the like, specifies a confidentiality label to assign to the document or file, this determination of the confidentiality label is prone to vary from document to document (or file to file) based on the subjective point of view of the administrator, or the like. Moreover, it is difficult to update a confidentiality label once it is set with real-time or appropriate timing. Thus, it would be desirable to automatically determine the confidentiality of a document or file, set a confidentiality label according to the determined confidentiality, and update the confidentiality in real-time.
When automatic calculations are used to determine the confidentiality of a document or file, many different types of calculations may be used. For example, one technique uses a calculation of importance in a manner that depends on statistics regarding each file. Another calculation takes into consideration a number of times the file has been opened. Moreover, estimation of a security attribute value from a similar document may also be used in some calculations.

International Business Machines Corporation


A direction finding system for radio direction finding of a target emitting at least one signal is described. The direction finding system comprises at least one receiver unit, at least one antenna assigned to the at least one receiver unit and a central processing unit connected to the at least one receiver unit. The at least one receiver unit is configured to measure an absolute receiving power or a relative receiving power of the at least one signal emitted by the target. The central processing unit is configured to determine the power level of the respective power received by the at least one receiver unit. The central processing unit is further configured to determine interpolated constant power contours in order to locate the target. In addition, a method for radio direction finding of a target emitting electromagnetic at least one signal is described.

In the state of the art, radio direction finding systems may use the so-called angle of arrival (AoA) technique for locating a target emitting radio frequency signals. Accordingly, the angle of arrival of the signals emitted by the target is determined in order to locate the target appropriately. This technique is useful for long-range radio direction finding wherein expensive radio direction finding antennas are used in combination with a correlative interferometer technique wherein phase differences are measured and compared with a reference data set.
For radio signals with a broader bandwidth, time difference of arrival (TDoA) techniques are typically used with signal correlation in order to determine the location of the target emitting the signals. However, a high bandwidth of in-phase and quadrature data (I/Q data) is required that must be aligned in time. Thus, a number of TDoA sensors positioned in different locations, also called receivers, have to be used which are logged in time via a time stamp, for instance a global positioning system (GPS) time stamp. The several TDoA sensors determine the broadband I/Q data of the radio signal and insert the time stamp onto the I/Q data collected when they receive the respective signal. The I/Q data and the time stamps inserted are processed in order to determine the time difference of arrival of the same signal at the several sensors. The relative time difference of arrival (TDoA) at each of the sensors (receivers) is then used to compute the source of the radio signal. The resolution of this technique is about 200 m to 500 m.
However, a mobile locator setup and handheld receivers are typically used to locate the target (radio signal source) within the so-called last mile detection due to the resolution of the techniques for direction finding mentioned above. For this last mile detection, the location of the target is already determined up to a distance of about one mile as diameter around the estimated location. For the last mile detection, a vehicle with an expensive radio direction finding receiver with an appropriate antenna may be used in order to follow a heat map of the signal to home into the last meters. Subsequently, the last few meters are typically covered on foot to home into the exact location of the target.
Thus, an automated direction finding system is not known in the prior art as at least the last meters have to be covered by human.
Accordingly, there is a need for a direction finding system as well as a method ensuring direction finding in a more automated manner.

Direction finding system and method for radio direction finding of a target


A method of reducing brain damage resulting from seizures caused by an organophosphorus nerve agent includes administering to a patient a therapeutically effective amount of HU-211. The organophosphorus nerve agent may be GB (sarin), GD (soman), GA (tabun) or GF. The therapeutically effective amount of HU-211 is in the range of about 48 mg to about 200 mg per day.

The present invention relates in general to reducing brain damage resulting from seizures and in particular to reducing brain damage resulting from seizures caused by nerve agents.
One aspect of chemical warfare involves exposing the enemy to nerve agents. The best defense to nerve agent exposure is, of course, to prevent the soldier from being exposed to the nerve agent. However, exposure to nerve agents may occur and must be treated. Certain nerve agents cause seizures. Examples of organophosphorus nerve agents that cause seizures are GB (sarin), GD (soman), GA (tabun) and GF. It cannot be certain that every victim on the chemical battlefield will receive the fielded therapy regimen (atropine, 2-PAM, diazepam) within the prescribed window of opportunity. These victims may experience prolonged seizure episodes lasting one or more hours. Availability of a drug that will stop development of the lesions after prolonged seizure epilectus would be a valuable adjunct to the current therapeutic regimens.
Throughout the specification, certain publications are identified parenthetically by author and date. A complete identification of these publications is given at the end of the specification. The publication entitled "Neuroprotective Effects of HU-211 on Brain Damage Resulting from Soman-induced Seizures" by Filbert, M. G.; Forster, J. S.; Smith, C. D.; Ballough, G. P.; Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, Oct. 1998, is hereby expressly incorporated by reference. Exposure to high concentrations of the nerve agent soman (pinacolylymethylphosphonofluoridate), an organophosphorus (OP) inhibitor of cholinesterases, leads to the development of seizures (Taylor, 1985) and brain damage (Shih and McDonough, 1997; Ballough el al. 1998). Seizure-related brain damage (SRBD) resulting from exposure to soman is considered to be excitotoxic (Olney et al., 1983). Soman-induced seizures are initiated by the high levels of acetylcholine that accumulate as a result of the irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). As the duration of seizures increases, excitatory amino acids released by elevated levels of acetylcholine assume control over the seizures and are maintained by this neurotransmitter system (Shih and McDonough, 1997; Olney et al., 1983; Sparenborg et al., 1992). This conclusion is supported by studies demonstrating that soman-induced seizures and the resulting brain damage can be ameliorated by administration of antagonists of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) such as MK-801 (Braitman and Sparenborg, 1989; Clifford et al., 1989, 1990). Because MK-801 produces neurotoxic effects (Fix et al., 1993), it is not likely to be useful clinically. Therefore, a need exists for a clinically useful neuroprotectant to reduce brain damage caused by organophosphorus nerve agent-induced seizures.
HU-211 (dexanabinol, (+)-(3S,4S)-7-hydroxy-.DELTA.-6 tetrahydro cannabinol 1,1 dimethylheptyl) is a nonpsychotropic cannabinoid that has been shown to have neuroprotectant effects in neurons exposed to excitotoxins in culture (Eshhar et al., 1993, 1995). HU-211 antagonizes glutamatergic neurotransmission in the brain and also inhibits metabolic events that lead to neuronal degeneration (Biegon and Bar Joseph, 1995; Shohami et al., 1997). In addition to having NMDA-blocking activity, HU-211 appears to act as a potent scavenger of peroxy and hydroxy radicals (Shohami et al., 1997) and to reduce the destabilization of calcium homeostasis (Nadler et al., 1995; Striem et al., 1996). HU-211 has been evaluated as a neuroprotectant in animal models of closed head injury, optic nerve crush, and global or focal ischemia. In these models, a single injection of HU-211 given after the insult conferred significant increases in neuronal survival. It is currently being evaluated in phase 1 clinical trials (Biegon, 1998, personal communication). The present invention is a new use for HU-211. The new use is to reduce brain damage resulting from seizures caused by organophosphorus nerve agents.

Method of reducing brain damage resulting from seizures

The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Army


Respective statistical distributions of a target variable within a proposed training data set and a proposed test data set for a machine learning model are obtained. A metric indicative of the difference between the two statistical distributions is computed. The difference metric is used to determine whether the proposed test data set is acceptable to evaluate the machine learning model.

Machine learning combines techniques from statistics and artificial intelligence to create algorithms that can learn from empirical data and generalize to solve problems in various domains such as natural language processing, financial fraud detection, terrorism threat level detection, human health diagnosis and the like. In recent years, more and more raw data that can potentially be utilized for machine learning models is being collected from a large variety of sources, such as sensors of various kinds, web server logs, social media services, financial transaction records, security cameras, and the like.
Traditionally, expertise in statistics and in artificial intelligence has been a prerequisite for developing and using machine learning models. For many business analysts and even for highly qualified subject matter experts, the difficulty of acquiring such expertise is sometimes too high a barrier to be able to take full advantage of the large amounts of data potentially available to make improved business predictions and decisions. Furthermore, many machine learning techniques can be computationally intensive, and in at least some cases it can be hard to predict exactly how much computing power may be required for various phases of the techniques. Given such unpredictability, it may not always be advisable or viable for business organizations to build out their own machine learning computational facilities.
The quality of the results obtained from machine learning algorithms may depend on how well the empirical data used for training the models captures key relationships among different variables represented in the data, and on how effectively and efficiently these relationships can be identified. Depending on the nature of the problem that is to be solved using machine learning, very large data sets may have to be analyzed in order to be able to make accurate predictions. As part of the typical workflow for developing and using predictive machine learning models, a data set may be split into a training subset and a test subset. A model may be trained to predict the values of a target or output variable using the values of corresponding input variables of the training subset, while the test subset may be used to evaluate the quality of the predictions made for "new" observation records which were not used for training the model. If the values of the target variables happen to be distributed differently in the test subset than they are in the training subset, the evaluation of the model may make the quality of the model appear to be worse than it should. This in turn may lead to more resources being consumed in attempts to re-train and re-test the model to achieve higher quality, which may in some cases substantially increase the overall cost of generating models for use in production mode.
While embodiments are described herein by way of example for several embodiments and illustrative drawings, those skilled in the art will recognize that embodiments are not limited to the embodiments or drawings described. It should be understood, that the drawings and detailed description thereto are not intended to limit embodiments to the particular form disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope as defined by the appended claims. The headings used herein are for organizational purposes only and are not meant to be used to limit the scope of the description or the claims. As used throughout this application, the word "may" is used in a permissive sense (i.e., meaning having the potential to), rather than the mandatory sense (i.e., meaning must). Similarly, the words "include," "including," and "includes" mean including, but not limited to. When used in the claims, the term "or" is used as an inclusive or and not as an exclusive or. For example, the phrase "at least one of x, y, or z" means any one of x, y, and z, as well as any combination thereof.

Target variable distribution-based acceptance of machine learning test data sets


A potato masher integrally formed in a single piece made of polyetherimide.

A masher is a kitchen implement used to break up potatoes to make mashed potatoes. The potato masher is grasped by a handle and moved in an up and down fashion to break up the potato.
A potato masher is usually formed with wooden or plastic handles and is provided with a metal mashing element.
Metal mashing elements have provided long service life since the metal mashing elements rarely break. However, with the introduction of porcelain cookware and/or nonstick coated cookware, traditional metal mashers have become less useful since the metal mashing element can cause surface scratches or otherwise destroy the surface of the cookware. Further, the metal mashing elements tend to rust or tarnish after repeated use and cleaning.
Potato mashers such as these require a shank to connect the handle to the mashing element because of the different materials used to manufacture the different elements.
Use of different materials thus affects durability. After repeated use, the connection section often becomes loose thus causing the mashing element to dislodge from the handle, often during use.
Attempts have been made to use plastics to form the mashing element; however, plastic mashing elements have proved less durable than metal mashing elements and still require use of a shank to connect the mashing element to a handle.
The configuration of traditional potato mashers tends to make cleaning of the mashing element difficult. After repeated use, food can become trapped in the mashing element.
In addition, the materials used to form the potato masher must be compatible with food. The mashing element must be sufficiently stable to avoid migration of any of the material from the mashing element to the food being handled and must satisfy regulations for use with food set by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
It has recently become necessary for kitchen implements to have the capacity to operate in a microwave environment. It has been discovered that polyetherimides and, in particular, polyetherimides bearing the grade designation Ultem.RTM.1000 and Ultem.RTM.1010 are virtually unaffected by microwave radiation.


A screed arrangement includes a screed assembly (1) for laying a road surface (3), the screed assembly (1) configured to determine a working width (W), viewed in the working direction (R), for laying of the road surface (3). The screed arrangement further includes a working station (9) for an operator (P) mounted on the screed assembly (1). The working station (9) is mounted on the screed assembly (1) in a vibration-decoupled manner, such that the transmission of vibrations from the screed assembly (1) to the working station (9) an be reduced or prevented.

For building road surfaces, screeds are used in practice. The screed is pulled by a road finisher, from the material hopper of which by means of a conveyor installation material for building is distributed in front of the screed.
Conventionally, single functions of the screed are controlled from the cab of the road finisher. For example, various working parameters on the screed components can be adjusted from the cab. Alternatively thereto, the functions of the screed can be controlled by means of a control unit, which is mounted on the side of the screed. The personnel most of the times operates the control unit while they walk next to the screed during installation, or from the position of a walkway, which is arranged transversely behind the screed at the screed frame. From there, however, an accurate control of the control unit is nearly impossible and the personnel needs to simultaneously concentrate on several things, which may cause accidents. In addition, in order to control the control unit mounted on the screed, the personnel comes very close to the operating area of the screed, where work accidents never can be completely excluded.
In fact, the walkway is not provided to stay longer on it, for example to control the control unit from there. The walkway in particular is to enable the operating personnel to cross the newly built road surface without thereby stepping on the hot, eventually even non-compacted installation material, which may lead to undesired imprints.
However, due to the fact that the operating personnel so far has used the walkway also for staying longer in order to in particular control the control unit and to observe the installation from there, certain risks occur for the operating personnel. Specifically, the walkway only has a narrow passage, from which especially in wet weather conditions, one may easily slip off. Moreover, only regarding small screed types, an operation of the control unit can be carried out, which even then is restricted.

Screed assembly comprising a work station


A polyphase power dispatching system and a polyphase power dispatching method are provided. The polyphase power dispatching system includes an electric meter, a single-phase electricity storage module, a switch and a control circuit. The electric meter can measure transmission statuses of power transmission lines of a polyphase power line group. The common terminal of the switch is connected to the single-phase electricity storage module. The selection terminals of the switch are connected to the power transmission lines in a one-to-one manner. The control circuit is connected to the electric meter and the switch. The control circuit can correspondingly control the switch based on the transmission status of each power transmission line, so that the switch selectively connects the single-phase electricity storage module to one of the power transmission lines.

In a three-phase power system, the three-phase power may be considered as consisting of three sets of single-phase power, in which a difference among the three sets of single-phase power is 120°. The three-phase power can be simultaneously provides to a plurality of three-phase load apparatuses and/or a plurality of single-phase load apparatuses. Even though the three-phase power can be simultaneously provided to the load apparatuses, factors, such as the single-phase load apparatuses using the power in the same phase among the three-phase power, the single-phase load apparatuses having different power consumption from one another, or the single-phase load apparatus having different turned-on periods, would lead the three sets of single-phase power in consuming different amounts of electricity. In the scenario that the three sets of single-phase power consumes different amounts of electricity, a power generating terminal (e.g., a utility power, a commercial power, or a supply mains) has to conform to the highest load of each single-phase power. In any way, the load unbalance status of the three set of the three-phase power would lead to energy loss and cause risks, such as an over large current and power trip-off of neutral lines of a user end.

Polyphase power dispatching system and method

Industrial Technology Research Institute


A perennial hybrid Gazania groundcover which is distinguished by the color of its flowers, a multicolor yellow orange with white tips that appears pastel orange when viewed from a distance, and its green trailing foliage. In addition, the invention plant is floriferous, vigorous, and disease and frost tolerant.

The present invention relates to a new and distinctive cultivar of Gazania plant botanically known as Gazania rigens hybrid and referred to for patenting purposes with the name "B". Gazania rigens "B" was developed by controlled breeding using Gazania rigens "A" (patent applied for) as the seed parent and Gazania rigens `Mitsuwa White` (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 5,797) as the pollen parent.


A high intensity light source arrangement, which can prolong the service life span of the high intensity light source arrangement by better dissipating and reducing the heat generated, includes a luminary unit comprising a luminary circuit, at least a terminal electrically connected to the luminary circuit, and at least a luminary element adapted for electrifying with the terminal to emit light; a heat dissipation unit supporting the luminary unit and dissipating heat generated from the luminary unit; and a base housing for supporting the heat dissipation unit thereon including an electric input connector electrically connecting to the luminary unit.

1. Field of Invention
The present invention relates to a light source arrangement, and more particularly to a high intensity light source arrangement which can enhance brightness of emitting light and increase the cooling effect of the light source arrangement while using low current and voltage.
2. Description of Related Arts
Nowadays, the most common light sources are filament lamp bulb for illumination and LED lighting for indication. Due to the remarkable features of low power consumption and instant light emission. LED lighting is specially adapted to be utilized in many electrical appliances as signal and indicating lighting, such as the power on-off signal light and instructional signal light of electric equipment, indicating light of electronic clock, and etc. . . .
Although the LED has excellent properties of low power consumption and instant light emission, the relatively small light intensity and lighting emission angle of the LED make it not suitable to use for illumination or even apply in some specific area such as traffic light, signboard light vehicle brake light and signal light, and airport guiding lighting.
In order to increase the light intensity of the LED, a larger current can be applied to the LED so as to increase the electrical power thereof. However, due to the structure of the LED. when increasing the current, heat generated from the LED will burn the LED.
In addition, the major drawback of the LED is that the LED cannot produce white light. It is known that white light is composed of red, blue, and green lights. A single LED is capable of producing red, blue, and green lights individually but not the daily used white light.
In order to produce a white light, an improved LED comprises a blue zinc luminary element and a fluorescent layer powdered on an inner surface of a reflexive cover, wherein when light is produced by the luminary element and reflexed on the fluorescent layer, the white light is produced. However, the fluorescent layer cannot be evenly applied on the inner surface of the reflexive cover so that the white light will not be evenly dispersed from the reflexive cover so as to provide an uneven intensity of the white light.
A main object of the present invention is to provide a high intensity light source arrangement which can prolong the service life span of the high intensity light source arrangement by better dissipating and reducing the heat generated.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a high intensity light source arrangement which greatly increases the brightness of the light emitted, wherein the light source arrangement is capable of providing a light intensity up to five times or more of a conventional LED.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a high intensity light source arrangement which comprises a heat dissipation unit directly mounted underneath a circuit board for efficiently dissipating heat therefrom. Therefore, a plurality of luminary elements is capable of electrifying with the terminals on the circuit board.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a high intensity light source arrangement adapted for producing a white light by selectively arranging the luminary elements of the luminary unit.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a high intensity light source arrangement adapted for selectively controlling the color of the light from the luminary unit.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a high intensity light source arrangement wherein a fluorescent layer is evenly coated on an inner surface of a head cover of the high intensity so as to enhance the white light evenly dispersed therefrom.
Accordingly, in order to accomplish the above objects, the present invention provides a high intensity light source arrangement, comprising:
a luminary unit comprising a luminary circuit, at least a terminal electrically connected to the luminary circuit, and at least a luminary element adapted for electrifying with the terminal to emit light;
a heat dissipation unit supporting the luminary unit and dissipating heat generated from the luminary unit; and
a base housing for supporting the heat dissipation unit thereon comprising an electric input connector electrically connecting to the luminary unit.


A method of selecting an intermediate frequency (fIF) is disclosed (FIG. 7). The method includes measuring a first signal quality (704) on a first channel at a first intermediate frequency. The method further includes measuring a second signal quality (706) on the first channel at a second intermediate frequency. The intermediate frequency with the best signal quality is selected (710).

The present embodiments relate to communication systems and, more particularly, to opportunistic Intermediate Frequency (IF) selection to reduce Adjacent Channel Interference (ACI).
New standards for Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) standards are currently being developed to permit streaming video reception by portable user equipment. DVB typically uses carrier frequencies in the 470-800 MHz band. DVB packets or data streams are transmitted by Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex (OFDM) transmission with time slicing. With OFDM, multiple symbols are transmitted on multiple carriers that are spaced apart to provide orthogonality. An OFDM modulator typically takes data symbols into a serial-to-parallel converter, and the output of the serial-to-parallel converter is considered as frequency domain data symbols. The frequency domain tones at either edge of the band may be set to zero and are called guard tones. These guard tones allow the OFDM signal to fit into an appropriate spectral mask. Some of the frequency domain tones are set to values which will be known at the receiver, and these tones are termed pilot tones or symbols. These pilot symbols can be useful for channel estimation at the receiver. An inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) converts the frequency domain data symbols into a time domain waveform. The IFFT structure allows the frequency tones to be orthogonal. A cyclic prefix is formed by copying the tail samples from the time domain waveform and appending them to the front of the waveform. The time domain waveform with cyclic prefix is termed an OFDM symbol, and this OFDM symbol may be upconverted to a radio frequency (RF) and transmitted. An OFDM receiver may recover the timing and carrier frequency and then process the received samples through a fast Fourier transform (FFT). The cyclic prefix may be discarded and after the FFT, frequency domain information is recovered. The pilot symbols may be recovered to aid in channel estimation so that the data sent on the frequency tones can be recovered.
Several problems inherent in receiver design have been discussed by Razavi, "Design Considerations for Direct Conversion Receivers," IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems—II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing, Vol. 44, No. 6, pp. 428-435, (June 1997). Some of these problems are related to receivers which use an intermediate frequency (IF) while others are related to direct conversion receivers which directly convert a received radio frequency (RF) signal to a baseband signal without IF conversion. IF receiver architectures involve a tradeoff between image rejection and adjacent channel rejection. Direct conversion receiver signals may be degraded by DC offset, I/Q mismatch, even-order distortion, flicker noise, and local oscillator leakage.
Flicker noise is produced by analog components such as resistors. The resulting noise is greatest at DC and decays with increasing frequency. It is often referred to as 1/f noise. Flicker noise causes the portion of a signal originally at the local oscillator frequency (fC−fIF) to be noisy. With a zero IF architecture (fIF=0) or direct conversion receiver, this noise is located in the center of the desired channel. However, if |fIF|>B/2+Bflicker, the flicker noise is effectively pushed out of the desired signal bandwidth. Here, B is the bandwidth of the desired channel, and Bflicker is the 1 sided bandwidth which captures the majority of the flicker noise.
Coupling from the local oscillator to the RF input of the mixer and between the low noise amplifier (LNA) of the receiver and the mixer produces a DC offset in the down converted signal. Like flicker noise, DC offset will affect the portion of the signal originally at the local oscillator frequency (fC−fIF). While it is possible to cancel the DC offset with a tracking loop in the digital domain, it is not necessarily convenient. For example, as the received signal strength changes, an automatic gain control (AGC) circuit will change the LNA gain, thereby changing the DC level. DC offset cancellation, therefore, must comprehend varying LNA gain. As with flicker noise, a simpler solution is to push the DC offset out of the bandwidth of the desired channel. This is accomplished when |fIF|>B/2+BDC, where BDC is the 1 sided bandwidth occupied by the DC offset.
Valkama et al., "Compensation of Frequency-Selective I/Q Imbalances in Wideband Receivers: Models and Algorithms," 2001 IEEE Third Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC '01), pp. 42-45 (March 2001) disclose a model of I/Q imbalance as shown at FIG. 2. The quadrature receiver of FIG. 2 receives a signal r(t) at lead 200. The in-phase branch includes mixer 202, low pass filter 204, and low pass filter imbalance 206, and produces in-phase signal z′I(t). Mixer 202 receives signal r(t) as well as the local oscillator signal cos(2πfCt) and provides an IF signal to low pass filter 204. The low pass filter selects a desired one-sided bandwidth. The quadrature branch includes mixer 212, low pass filter 214, and low pass filter imbalance 216, and produces quadrature signal z′Q(t). Mixer 212 receives signal r(t) as well as the local oscillator signal −g sin(2πfCt+φ) and provides an IF signal to low pass filter 214. The low pass filter 214 selects a desired one-sided bandwidth. Here, the gain and phase imbalance of the mixer is respectively modeled as "g" and "φ" in the local oscillator signal of the quadrature branch. Low pass filter imbalance in the model is represented by blocks 206 and 216 in the in-phase and quadrature branches, respectively. From this model, Valkama et al. derive a received frequency domain signal as shown at equations [1]-[3].Z′(f)=G1(f)Z(f)+G2(f)Z*(−f)  [1]G1(f)=(HI(f)+ge−jφHQ(f))/2  [2]G2(f)=(HI(f)−ge−jφHQ(f))/2  [3]
The first term G1(f)Z(f) of equation [1] is the desired signal. The second term G2(f)Z*(−f) of equation [1] is a mirror image aliasing term due to I/Q imbalance in the receiver. This aliasing term can cause severe interference with the desired signal. Valkama et al. disclose Adaptive Interference Cancellation (IC) and Multichannel Blind Deconvolution (MBD) as methods of reducing the interference.
While the preceding approaches provide steady improvements in wireless communications, the present inventors recognize that still further improvements may be made by addressing some of the drawbacks of the prior art. In particular, the present inventors have recognized significant differences in interference due to the signal strength of adjacent channels. Accordingly, the preferred embodiments described below are directed toward these problems as well as improving upon the prior art.

Opportunistic intermediate frequency selection for communication receivers


A lamp includes a discharge sustaining fill which includes cesium halide, one of indium halide and thallium halide, optionally gadolinium halide and a rare earth halide component selected from dysprosium halide, holmium halide, thulium halide, and neodymium halide. In operation without a jacket, the lamp may have a color temperature of from 7,000K to 14,000K and a color rendering index of at least 70 when operated at an arc wall loading in excess of about 2 W/mm2.

The present embodiment relates to a high intensity discharge lamp (HID). More particularly, it relates to a metal halide lamp having a high color temperature and high color rendering index.
Metal halide lamps typically have a quartz, polycrystalline alumina (PCA), or a single crystal alumina (sapphire) arc discharge vessel filled with a mixture of gases, and surrounded by a protective envelope. The fill includes light emitting elements such as sodium and rare earth elements, such as scandium, indium, dysprosium, neodymium, praseodymium, and cerium in the form of a halide, with mercury, and generally an inert gas, such as krypton, argon or xenon. Metal halide lamps are disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,647,814; 5,929,563; 5,965,984; and 5,220,244. While lamps of this type having an outer jacket or envelope have been formed with relatively high color temperatures, unjacketed arc tubes (in which the discharge chamber is in direct contact with the atmosphere, generally have a much lower color temperature.
The entertainment industry desires bright, white light compact sources that enable efficient collection and focusing of the light to produce multiple effects such as the projection of Gobos, color patterns, and moving lights. However, at high wall loadings, color temperatures are generally low.
There remains a need for a lamp which can run at a high color temperature with a good color rendering with a high wall loading without a jacket.

Discharge lamp with high color temperature


A stapler includes a frame and a mounting unit configured to be selectively attached to and removed from the frame. The mounting unit includes a staple cartridge, a staple former, and a staple driver. The staple cartridge is further removable from a portion of the mounting unit including the staple former and the staple driver when the mounting unit is removed from the frame to permit replacement of the staple cartridge of the mounting unit. The mounting unit can further include a staple advancing mechanism and a reverse motion stopping mechanism.

The present invention relates to a stapler used to staple a stack of paper discharged from an image forming device such as a photocopier or a printer.
The following is an explanation of the stapling operation of a prior art stapler with reference to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2. The sheet of staples S shown in FIG. 1 consists of a series of single staples. The sheet of staples S is rolled up and housed in the housing unit 50a of the cartridge 50. Here, the sheet of staples S extends from the extraction opening 50b in the housing unit 50a. The cartridge 50 mounted in the housing unit 50a has a pair of walls 50c, 50c separated at a specific interval as an extension of the extraction opening 50b. The interval between the walls 50c, 50c is roughly equal to the width of the sheet of staples S. Therefore, the sheet of staples S extending from the extraction opening 50b passes between the walls 50c, 50c in the direction of the arrow shown in FIG. 1.
Guides 51, 51 are placed on the cartridge 50 to prevent the sheet of staples S from riding up from the extraction opening 50b. In other words, the sheet of staples S is restrained widthwise by wall 100c and prevented from riding up by the guides 51, 51 so as to travel in the direction of the arrow. As shown in FIG. 1, a plate 52 is extended between the side walls 50c, 50c, and a reverse motion stopping tab 52a is formed on both ends of the plate 52. The reverse motion stopping tab 52a makes contact with the sheet of staples S to prevent the sheet of staples S from moving in the direction opposite to the arrow back into the housing unit 50a. In other words, the sheet of staples S moves in the direction of the arrow shown in FIG. 1, and is not allowed to return to the housing unit 50a.
The cartridge 50 is mounted in the main body of the device 70 shown in FIG. 2, and the pressure unit 53 formed in the cartridge 50 is brought to bear when the cartridge is mounted on the spring plate 55 on the advancing unit 54 of the main body of the device 70. The pressure from the spring plate 55 keeps the advancing unit 54 in the position shown in FIG. 2. When the driver 56 applying the staples is lowered from the position shown in FIG. 2, the protrusion 56a on the driver 56 is brought to bear on the protruding plate 54a formed on the advancing unit 54. Therefore, the lowering force of the driver 56 is communicated to the advancing unit 54 via the protrusion 56a and the protruding plate 54a, and the advancing unit 54 resists the spring action of the spring plate 55 and is rotated counterclockwise in the drawing. When the advancing unit 54 has traveled a fill stroke, the protrusion 56a passes the position of the protruding plate 54a. When the protrusion 56a passes the position of the protruding plate 54a, the advancing unit 54 becomes free, and the advancing unit 54 subjected to the force of the spring 55 returns to its original position as shown in the figure.
An advancing tab 57 is located on the advancing unit 54. This advancing tab 57 makes elastic contact with the sheet of staples S extending from the cartridge 50. Therefore, the rotation of the advancing unit 54 causes the advancing tab 57 to advance the sheet of staples S in the direction of the driver 56. When the advancing unit 54 rotates counterclockwise, the advancing tab 57 makes and maintains elastic contact with the sheet of staples S. When the advancing unit 54 rotates counterclockwise, force is applied to return the sheet of staples S. However, the reverse motion stopping tab 52a prevents the sheet of staples from returning.
Often several cartridges are provided containing rolled sheets of staples of varying lengths. These cartridges can be replaced to provide the desired type of staples.
When a cartridge 50 is replaced in a stapler, the cartridge 50 is removed with the advancing tab 57 bearing down on the sheet of staples S. When a cartridge 50 is removed with the advancing tab 57 bearing down on the sheet of staples S, the sheet of staples S is pulled out from the cartridge 50. Because the revere movement stopping tab 52s bears down on the pulled out sheet of staples S, the staples do not return to their original position. As a result, some of the staples in the sheet of staples S are wasted.
Sometimes the cartridge 50 is divided in two and only the sheet of staples in the housing unit is replaced. However, even though the cartridge 50 is divided in two, the reverse motion stopping tab 52a continues to function and the section of the sheet of staples S drawn out by the reverse motion stopping tab 52a does not return to its original position. As a result, the section of the sheet of staples is wasted.
Therefore, there remains a need for a stapler that does not waste any staples when a staple cartridge or sheet of staples is replaced.
The invention relates to a stapler device including a frame and a mounting unit configured to be selectively attached to and removed from the frame. The mounting unit includes a staple cartridge, a staple advancing mechanism, a staple former, and a staple driver. In one embodiment, the stapler device further includes a motor coupled to the frame.
In one aspect of the invention, the staple cartridge is configured to be removed from a portion of the mounting unit including the staple advancing mechanism, the staple former, and the staple driver when the mounting unit is removed from the frame. In another aspect of the invention, when the mounting unit is attached to the frame, the staple advancing mechanism is in a first position that permits the staple advancing mechanism to engage staples to be fed from the staple cartridge, and when the mounting unit is removed from the frame, the staple advancing mechanism is in a second position that prevents the staple advancing mechanism from engaging the staples to be fed from the staple cartridge. The staple advancing mechanism can be automatically movable between the first and second positions when the mounting unit is attached to and removed from the frame.
In yet another aspect of the invention, the mounting unit further includes a reverse motion stopping mechanism. The reverse motion stopping mechanism is engaged with staples to be fed from the staple cartridge when the mounting unit is attached to the frame, and the reverse motion stopping mechanism is disengaged from the staples to be fed from the staple cartridge when the mounting unit is removed from the frame. The reverse motion stopping mechanism can be automatically engaged with the staples to be fed from the staple cartridge when the mounting unit is attached to the frame, and the reverse motion stopping mechanism can be automatically disengaged from the staples to be fed from the staple cartridge when the mounting unit is removed from the frame.
The invention also relates to a method of removing a staple cartridge from a stapler device having a frame and a mounting unit configured to be selectively attached to and removed from the frame. The mounting unit includes a staple advancing mechanism, a staple former, a staple driver, and the staple cartridge. The method includes removing the mounting unit from the frame such that each of the staple advancing mechanism, the staple former, the staple driver, and the staple cartridge are separated from the frame but remain coupled together in the mounting unit. In one aspect, the method further includes, after removing the mounting unit from the frame, removing the staple cartridge from a portion of the mounting unit including the staple advancing mechanism, the staple former, and the staple driver.
The invention further relates to a stapler device having a frame and a mounting unit configured to be selectively attached to and removed from the frame. The mounting unit includes a staple cartridge, a staple former, and a staple driver. The staple cartridge is further removable from a portion of the mounting unit including the staple former and the staple driver when the mounting unit is removed from the frame to permit replacement of the staple cartridge of the mounting unit. In one aspect of the invention, the mounting unit further includes one or both of a staple advancing mechanism and a reverse motion stopping mechanism.
The invention also relates to a method of removing a staple cartridge from a stapler device having a frame and a mounting unit configured to be selectively attached to and removed from the frame. The mounting unit includes a staple former, a staple driver, and the staple cartridge. The method includes removing the mounting unit from the frame such that each of the staple former, the staple driver, and the staple cartridge are separated from the frame but remain coupled together in the mounting unit. After removing the mounting unit from the frame, the method further includes removing the staple cartridge from a portion of the mounting unit including the staple former and the staple driver to permit replacement of the staple cartridge of the mounting unit.
In one aspect of the invention, the mounting unit further includes a staple advancing mechanism positioned to be engaged with staples to be fed from the staple cartridge when the mounting unit is attached to the frame. Removing the mounting unit from the frame includes automatically repositioning the staple advancing mechanism so that the staple advancing mechanism cannot engage the staples to be fed from the staple cartridge.
In another aspect of the invention, the mounting unit further includes a reverse motion stopping mechanism engaged with staples to be fed from the staple cartridge when the mounting unit is attached to the frame. Removing the mounting unit from the frame includes automatically disengaging the reverse motion stopping mechanism from the staples to be fed from the staple cartridge.


Systems, methods, and computer media for identifying query rewriting replacement terms are provided. A list of related string pairs each comprising a first string and second string is received. The first string of each related string pair is a user search query extracted from user click log data. For one or more of the related string pairs, the string pair is provided as inputs to a statistical machine translation model. The model identifies one or more pairs of corresponding terms, each pair of corresponding terms including a first term from the first string and a second term from the second string. The model also calculates a probability of relatedness for each of the one or more pairs of corresponding terms. Term pairs whose calculated probability of relatedness exceeds a threshold are characterized as query term replacements and incorporated, along with the probability of relatedness, into a query rewriting candidate database.

Internet searching has become increasingly common in recent years. In many cases, a user's first attempt at performing a search query does not yield desired results. Typically, the user then reformulates the search query in an attempt to return the desired results. The problem of a user's entered query not identifying the results the user is seeking is known as the "query-document vocabulary mismatch." Conventional search engines may attempt to solve this problem by automatically reformulating queries or suggesting replacements for particular terms in the search query. For example, when a user's search includes the term "bio," the search engine may also search using the term "biography." Search engines conventionally rely on user data such as lists of frequently submitted queries, human-created or human-annotated lists such as thesauri, and other sources. Human-created and human-annotated lists in particular include inherent biases. Additionally, while pairs of query terms and replacement terms in these lists may seem appropriate to a human reviewer, the replacement terms will not necessarily solve the query-document vocabulary mismatch and cause the search engine to return more relevant documents.

Enhanced query rewriting through statistical machine translation


Battery assembly techniques and a corresponding system are disclosed. In various embodiments, the battery assembly techniques include compressing battery cells and inserting the battery cells in a can. Battery cells are stacked and then compressed using pneumatic cylinders that exert pressure on a first external layer of the stacked battery cells. A first portion of the stacked battery cells is released from the pneumatic cylinders while a second portion of the battery cells remains compressed. The first portion of the stacked battery cells is inserted in a can. In various embodiments, friction decreasing materials are added to the stacked battery cells to compress the stacked battery cells or ease insertion.

Proper battery assembly is integral to producing safe, high quality battery packs. Placing a plurality of pouch cells into a battery case while maintaining compression on the cells may be required during battery assembly. A method that is automated may improve upon the assembly process. Additional design features which reduce friction between the plurality of pouch cells and the battery case may improve upon the assembly process.


A method is set forth for automatically adjusting screen and keypad brightness on a mobile electronic device having a light sensor, display screen and keypad, for optimum legibility under varying lighting conditions, with minimal eye strain and distraction. The method includes obtaining light level samples from the light sensor, and independently adjusting backlight intensity of the display screen and keypad responsive to the light level samples. Preferably, correct screen and keypad adjustments are made responsive to pulling the handheld device out of its holster notwithstanding non-optimal ambient light detection while the device is being removed from the holster. According to another aspect, the described method allows for ambient light detection in a handheld device where the light sensor and a message notification indicator share a common light pipe.

Liquid crystal display (LCD) screen and keypad brightness on a handheld electronic device may be adjusted for different operating environments. For example, in outdoor or sunlight conditions the LCD backlight may be very bright in order to be readable, and the keypad backlight may be off to conserver battery power. In normal indoor or office conditions, the LCD backlight may operate at medium brightness while the keypad backlight may be turned off. In dim or dark conditions, the LCD backlight may be at low intensity so as to avoid eye strain and the keypad backlight may be on.
Ambient lighting conditions can change rapidly as the device moves between different environments. For example, moving from indoors to outdoors may render the LCD screen immediately unreadable unless the LCD backlight brightness is increased. Conversely, when moving from a bright environment into a dimly lit room, the keypad may be unreadable unless the keypad backlight is turned on.
Prior art arrangements have been implemented in GPS displays and laptop computers for providing basic automatic screen and keypad backlighting adjustment. However, a problem exists in the independent control of LCD and keypad backlighting adjustment as the device moves between different ambient lighting conditions. Moreover, problems exists in providing rapid backlight adjustment responsive to the handheld electronic device being removed from a wearable holster accessory, and detecting ambient light when the light sensor and message notification indicator for the device share a common light pipe, such as described in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/187,867, filed Jul. 25, 2005, and entitled SHARED LIGHT PIPE FOR A MESSAGE INDICATOR AND LIGHT SENSOR.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Automatic screen and keypad brightness adjustment on a mobile handheld electronic device


A optical fiber includes an optically transmissive element; at least one curable colored layer surrounding the optically transmissive element; and an additional removable colored layer surrounding and homogeneously covering the curable colored layer. The presence of the additional removable colored layer improves identifiability of the fiber, especially when the latter is included in an optical cable together with other fibers.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to an optical cable comprising optical fibers identifiable by coloring, to an optical fiber identifiable by coloring, to a method for identifying an optical fiber and to the manufacturing of optical cables comprising identifiable optical fibers.
2. Description of the Related Art
An optical fiber typically comprises a core, generally made of glass, and a surrounding cladding; the core and the cladding form the optical waveguide structure, and hereinafter they will also be collectively referred to as the "transmissive element" of the optical fiber.
One or more coating layers are typically applied over the cladding. For example, two superposed coating layers are often provided. The layer which is in direct contact with the transmissive element is usually called inner coating (or primary coating), whereas the overlaying layer is called outer coating (or secondary coating).
Typically, like in the telecommunications field, optical fibers are used in optical cables, i.e. they are "cabled". Optical cables are used, for example, for connecting customer premises to an optical communications network.
Optical cables generally comprise a plurality of optical fibers, contained in, e.g., buffer tubes, preferably loosely confining the optical fibers in a number for instance variable from 6 to 48 or even more, depending on the specific application. The optical fibers may optionally be gathered in groups of, for example, more than 12.
For sake of simplicity and unless otherwise stated, in the following the term "optical cable" shall collectively refer to optical cables themselves, but also to buffer tubes.
After cabling, the individual fibers should be still readily distinguishable from each other so they can be accurately identified during, for example, installation (connecting ad splicing) and repair.
Color coding can be used to distinguish and identify individual fibers in a multi-fiber optical cable. For example, a colorant can be added to the coating materials, usually to the outer coating material; alternatively, an additional layer containing a colorant can be provided at least partially overlaying the fiber outer coating.
According to TIA-598-C (Telecommunication Industry Association) color specifications, a dozen of different colors can be used to discriminate the fibers, thus when the number of fibers inside a cable is large, particularly greater than 12, the limited number of colors available may result insufficient, and additional implements are required for identifying the fibers.
Current solutions are known which are based on i) adding indicia, such as rings or stripes, over or in the colored layer; or ii) using colored yarns to segregate groups of fibers within the optical cable.
For example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,904,212 discloses a method for coloring an optical fiber. The method comprises applying a base color coating of a first curable material having a base color to an optical fiber core section. At least one stripe of a second curable material is applied to the base color coating before these coatings are fully cured. The stripe has a stripe color different from the base color. The stripe is preferably formed in the base color coating such that a diameter of the colored optical fiber remains substantially uniform.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,404,972 relates to a color-coded optical fiber with a fiber core and the cladding made e.g. of a quartz glass, having a coating, which comprises one or several plastic casings to protect the fiber. Immediately above this coating is a color coding in the form of open colored rings spaced in the perimeter direction. In order to let such an open colored ring appear optically as a full ring for the better identification of each fiber, and at the same time to positively prevent any wear of the color coding during further processing, a transparent or translucent layer is provided which covers the color coded fiber along its entire length. Further color variations and thereby further differentiating possibilities are provided if the further layer is colored or dyed. In this way perhaps black or blue single or double rings can be covered by a yellow, red or green-dyed further layer of resin. The colored and essentially open single or double rings can be easily identified as full rings since the colored further layer is at least translucent. The selection of contrasting color combinations facilitates the identifiability of the coded fiber.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,796,905 discloses an optical fiber with a color marking. An optical fiber has a fiber core and cladding made for example of quartz glass, having a coating, which is composed of one or more plastic coatings to protect the fiber. A color marking in the form of spaced colored rings is placed directly on this coating. A further transparent or translucent layer, which covers the entire length of the color-identified fiber, is provided. Further color variations, and thereby further distinguishing possibilities, are provided if the further layer is colored or dyed. The colored single or double rings can be easily identified, since the further colored layer is at least translucent. The selection of contrasting color combinations makes the marked fiber more identifiable. Another embodiment provides a fiber made of glass or plastic covered by a coating that in turn contains the color marking. This color marking comprises lengthwise running dashes or lines of any color, where this marking is either applied directly to the coating or is applied thereto if a uniform lengthwise extending color marking, which itself is colored, is applied to the coating. Like the colored rings, the dash or line markings can contrast against the surface of the plastic used for the coating, but the dashes or lines can also be integrated into the plastic material. In all instances, the further layer is provided to protect the color marking, and for the purpose of precisely distinguishing between the multitude of optical fibers in cables by means of any marking configurations. In another embodiment the optical fiber is surrounded by the coating, specifically a "coating" in the case of glass fibers, to which the color marking is applied directly, or over an intermediate layer which is colored throughout. In the illustrated embodiment, it comprises spaced dashes or lines. These broken dashes or lines, possibly at different distances from each other, are covered by the further layer, which covers the entire optical fiber. Another differentiation of fibers marked in this manner is provided, if the further layer is made of a translucent resin, the color of which can be distinguished from the colors or color combinations located underneath.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,377,292 relates to an optical fiber with one or more protective coverings of polymeric materials and a color coating of UV-hardened varnish on an outer surface of a last protective covering, wherein a different color identification marking material is interposed between parts of the color coating before hardening.

Optical cable with identifiable optical fibers


In a one-way clutch composed of radially spaced, mutually rotatable and concentrically disposed first and second rotary members, and torque transmitting members arranged between the first and second rotary members to transmit torques therebetween, an annular retainer holding the torque transmitting members at equal angular intervals has such a specific shape that the retainer is resiliently deformable in its entirety against an annular surface of the first or second rotary member so as to maintain at least a part of the retainer in contact with the annular surface of the first or second rotary member.

(1) Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a one-way clutch, and more specifically to a retainer for a one-way clutch.
(2) Description of the Prior Art
When a one-way clutch (hereinafter abbreviated as "OWC") is incorporated and used in a rotating part of an industrial machine or the like, the OWC has heretofore been retained with a certain degree of drag torque relative to an outer or inner race in order to protect the function of the OWC from vibrations, inertia forces and the like.
When a sudden acceleration or deceleration occurs in the rotation of the outer race by way of example, sprags are caused to slip on the race surface of the outer race due to their inertia forces and frictional forces are developed accordingly. It is hence necessary to apply a frictional force, namely, a drag torque between an outer retainer and the outer race so that the outer retainer and outer race are always rotated as unitary members. This is required to transfer each movement of the outer race promptly to the outer retainer and at the same time to ensure free movements of the sprags. In order to obtain a certain degree of drag torque, the outer retainer has been subjected to cutting machining, namely, T-bar machining or I-bar machining or has been provided with spring members such as drag clips.
Since conventional retainers of the former type are partly cut off, their manufacturing costs are high and in addition, they involve a potential danger that the strength of the retainers themselves is adversely affected. When drag clips or the like are provided as separate members, more parts are required so that their manufacturing costs jump up and their assembly work is also cumbersome. Moreover, the areas of contact between a conventional retainer and the race surfaces of its associated inner and outer races are too small to achieve any stable drag torque.
U.S. Pat. No. 2,630,896 to Dodge discloses a retainer which is, as shown in FIGS. 1e, 4 and 4a, in the form of an oval cage 5" formed with a pair of parallel flanges 5"a, 5"a one at each of opposite circumferential edges of the cage 5" in an attempt to improve the strength of the retainer. However, because of these two flanges 5"a, 5"a, this prior art retainer is too rigid to achieve an adequate degree of resiliency required for a stable drag torque.


An improved material handling system (15, 115) comprising a material lifting device (16), the material lifting device having a sensor (23) for sensing an operational parameter associated with the material lifting device, a load attachment device (18) configured and arranged to attach a load to the material lifting device, the load attachment device having a data tag (20) containing data regarding one or more parameters associated with the load attachment device, a reader (21) configured and arranged to read the data tag, a processing unit (22) communicating with the reader and the sensor, the processing unit configured and arranged to receive data from the reader and the sensor, and a material handling control device (19) configured and arranged to control operation of the material handling device.

U.S. Pat. No. 7,121,457, entitled "Automatically Adjusting Parameters of a Lifting Device by Identifying Objects to be Lifted," is directed to a system having RFID tags, on which is stored a value associated with an adjustable parameter, attached to materials being lifted by a lifting device and an interrogator module linked to the lifting device that communicates with the RFID tag to obtain the value and adjust the parameter as a function of the data from the RFID tag.
U.S. Pat. No. 7,825,770, entitled "System and Method of Identification, Inspection and Training for material Lifting Products," is directed to a method that includes the steps of attaching an RFID tag to a material lifting device, the RFID tag having identification and inspection data, wherein the identification and inspection data is accessed during periodic inspections with a portable computer device having a RFID reader and the inspection data is updated on the portable computer device and also on the RFID tag during such inspections.
U.S. Pat. No. 7,612,673, entitled "RFID System for Lifting Devices," is directed to a lifting device equipped with an RFID scanning system having an article receiving area configured for receipt of a stack of articles having associated RFID tags.
U.S. Patent Publication No. 2006/0043197, entitled "Carrier Facilitating Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) Operation in a Semiconductor Fabrication System," is directed to a radio-frequency identification system for a semiconductor manufacturing environment. The system comprises a carrier having a carrier body and a RFID tag mounted on the carrier body, where the carrier body comprises a plate inscribed with permanent information corresponding to the carrier with the permanent information stored in the RFID tag.