A new and distinct Spirea cultivar named ‘BL0601’ is disclosed, characterized by distinctive green foliage with a greyed-purple cast, change to red-orange in the fall. Plants are compact, sporadically bloom throughout the growing season and show an increased tolerance for foliar diseases. The new cultivar is a Spirea, suitable for ornamental garden purposes.

The new cultivar is a product of a planned breeding program. Seeds collected by the inventor, Robert Lee, were planted and seedlings observed for interesting horticultural variations. Actual parentage is unknown, as the collected seeds were the result of open pollination of various Spirea buldama varieties.
The new variety was selected by the inventor and first propagated by softwood cuttings at a commercial nursery in Independence, La. The initial propagation showed the mutation to be stable and additional generations were propagated, also by softwood cuttings. Multiple generations have been reproduced since approximately May 2004, and have shown that the unique features of this cultivar are stable and reproduced true to type.


A ground fault monitor for an electrical system having a plurality of branch circuits each having a respective ground conductor extending to a service panel that includes a ground connection to which the ground conductors are electrically connected. The ground fault monitor includes a current transformer for sensing current flow through the plurality of ground conductors to the ground connection and generating a current flow signal representative of any sensed current flow, and a monitoring circuit responsive to the current transformer for monitoring the current flow signal and generating an alarm when the current flow signal indicates the presence of a ground fault.

Ground-faults can occur almost anywhere. Anytime a conductor is inserted between a hot wire or a neutral wire and the ground, a ground-fault can occur. A common cause of ground-faults is worn insulation on conductors with exposed wires, making them susceptible to finding a path to ground. Another common cause of ground-faults is loose or bad connections in electrical devices. In many cases, a ground fault does not result in a tripped circuit breaker or blown fuse, but exists undetected.
Various kinds of ground-fault interrupters are available. Ground-fault interrupters are designed to break the electrical circuit when a ground-fault is detected. A ground-fault interrupter measures the magnitude difference in current between the hot and neutral wires. In a normal operating situation, the ground-fault interrupter should be measuring zero difference.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,246,556 issued Jun. 12, 2001 describes an electrical fault detection system. This system detects ground-faults in a circuit being monitored. A ground-fault sensor is responsive to current flowing through hot and neutral sides of a circuit by producing an output signal to a ground-fault detector circuit.
Known ground-fault interrupters and monitoring devices are typically designed for use with a single circuit and are relatively expensive such that in residential application the use of ground fault interrupters are often limited to higher risk areas such as bathrooms. Thus, there is a need for a cost efficient and reliable ground fault monitoring system and method.

Ground-fault monitor for multiple circuits


The invention relates to a device for connecting feed lines, comprising: first electrical connector elements which can each be connected to a power supply, and first fluid connection elements which can be connected to a working fluid source, all of said elements being grouped together in a fixed manner in a first stationary connector; a power feed line, a working fluid feed line; and a second fluid connection element coupled to a first end of a flexible tube and second electrical connector elements, grouped together in a fixed manner in a first movable connector. According to the invention, at least first end segments of the second electrical connector elements and of the flexible tube are disposed inside an elastically flexible hose that is connected to the first movable connector.

The present invention falls within the technical field of feed line connections which are used to supply, through feed lines, power and working fluids, such as pneumatic fluids and hydraulic fluids, from a supply source to parts and devices requiring power or such working fluids for the operation thereof.
These connections are especially used between motor vehicles, especially lorries, and the trailers or semi-trailers thereof, but also for example between tractor machines and railroad cars.
Currently, the electrical and pneumatic or hydraulic connection between the tractor unit of a heavy vehicle and the corresponding trailer thereof is usually performed through a plurality of power feed lines with the different electrical connector elements thereof coupled at respective ends of the electrical cables, and in the case of feed lines for working fluids, such as pneumatic or hydraulic lines, fluid connection elements. It is of vital importance for the operation and circulation of the vehicle that these feed lines work perfectly, since they feed the safety systems necessary for the circulation of the vehicle.
The feed lines are usually made up of spiral hoses, which enables the distension and contraction thereof when withstanding the manoeuvres of the vehicle in different everyday manoeuvre situations. The location of the feed lines is limited to a reduced space, for example the one between the tractor unit and the trailer, which causes an interaction between them, as well as friction, hooking, bumps, etc., and on numerous occasions it results in one or several of said lines breaking, produced by a manoeuvre of the vehicle or simply by the interaction produced between them, namely bumps, distension or wear. Also, in practice, the wear of the hoses is uneven depending on whether they are electrical or pneumatic connections.
Since it is a solution involving several elements, in order to safeguard the operation of the vehicle, this forces the driver of the vehicle to carry the corresponding spare part somewhere therein for each element in order to be able to replace the used part with a new one in the backup kit in case of a breakdown, since if something breaks and said spare part is not available, the vehicle is immobilised with the consequent harm to costs, time, etc.
Indeed, the current solution for connections, at a minimum, requires drivers or users of heavy vehicles to pay attention to the care of these feed lines, the connections thereof, have at all times the necessary stock on board the vehicle of the corresponding spare parts as well as the replacement thereof once the item in question has been repaired.
Furthermore, in conventional systems each feed line must be connected separately, which requires the user's attention and time when performing the connections of the different lines between the connectors connected to the power or pressure supply and the connectors connected to the elements consuming power or pressure. If the uneven wear of each hose is added to this, it creates a situation with unpredictable and constant breakdowns and replacement of hoses, without the useful life of all of these being able to be adequately foreseen or coordinated.
Another disadvantage of the connection devices of the prior art is that when the fluid connection hoses are disconnected from the stationary connectors, the working pressure and fluid are lost, which in practice leads users to leave said hoses hanging from the stationary connector, which increases not only the exposure thereof to dirt and wear, but also the risk and frequency of theft.


An apparatus for detecting a tape-end, according to the present invention, comprising, a tape cassette including a magnetic tape wound on reels received in the tape cassette, and tape-ends arranged between the reels and magnetic tape respectively so that the magnetic tape is connected to the reels through the tape-ends, a magnetic head drum on which the magnetic tape is loaded, a tape loading device which draws out the tape from the tape cassette and which loads the magnetic tape onto a head surface of the magnetic head drum, tape-end detectors for detecting the tape ends on tape paths between the magnetic head drum and the reels, and loading controlling means including a loading phase measuring instrument which measures a phase of the tape loading device during loading operation when at least one of the tape-end detectors detects the tape end, the loading controlling means generating control signals for controlling the loading operation of the tape loading device in accordance with the measured phase, so that the time required until the loading operation is completed is shortened in comparison with the prior art.

The present invention relates to an apparatus in which a rotational magnetic head records and reproduces signals on a magnetic tape, more particularly to an apparatus which detects a tape-end to prevent the magnetic head from being damaged.
In an apparatus of this kind has generally a tape-end detecting apparatus, when a tape-end which does not have a surface coated with a magnetic material and which is drawn out from a tape supplying side reel or from a tape pulling side reel is detected, tape feed is stopped and the tape-end is prevented from contacting with a magnetic head drum so that a magnetic head is not damaged by the tape-end. Since in a, conventional tape-cassette mounted in a recorder which of the magnetic tape and the tape-end will be drawn out from the tape cassette can be measured in the tape cassette, there is no problem of detecting the tape-end.
On the other hand, in some kinds of tape cassettes, which of the magnetic tape and the tape-end will be drawn out from the tape cassette can not be measured in the tape cassette when the tape is not drawn out from the tape cassette. Therefore, when these kinds of tape cassettes are used, it is necessary to employ a tape loading mechanism as disclosed in Japanese Patent Unexamined Publication No. 58-150151, which mechanism detects the tape-end at the outside of the tape cassette after the tape is drawn out from the tape cassette. Since a tape-end detecting mechanism can not detect the tape-end until the tape loading operation proceeds to draw out a predetermined amount of tape, the tape-end detecting mechanism is arranged in the vicinity of the tape cassette so that the tape-end can be detected before the tape loading mechanism makes the tape contact with the magnetic head drum. When the tape-end detecting mechanism detects the tape-end, the tape loading operation is stopped and the tape unloading operation is started. After a suitable amount of tape is wound on the reel in the tape cassette, the tape loading operation is resumed. By this manner, the tape-end is prevented from being loaded onto the magnetic head drum, so that the magnetic head drum is not damaged by the tape-end.
In the above-mentioned conventional manner, whenever the tape-end is detected, the tape unloading operation is started and after the suitable amount of tape is wound on the reel in the tape cassette, the tape loading operation is resumed. Even if just before the tape loading operation is completed the tape-end is detected, the unloading operation is started. Therefore, a long time is often needed for completion of the tape loading operation.


A marine drive (10, 310) has two counter-rotating propellers (12 and 14, 312 and 314). Inner and outer concentric counter-rotating propeller shafts (40 and 42, 340 and 338) are supported by a spool (38, 336) in the lower horizontal bore (28, 328). Passages are provided in the housing for communicating lubrication and/or exhaust with the horizontal bore. Locking structure (50, 404) holds the driven gears and bearings in place in the lower horizontal bore.

The invention relates to a marine drive having dual counter-rotating coaxial propellers.
Dual propeller marine drives with concentric counter-rotating propeller shafts are known in the prior art. The present invention provides improvements, including locking retaining structure for holding the lower dual propeller shaft assembly in the lower horizontal bore in the housing, lubrication and exhaust communication, durability, and performance.
The invention further relates to commonly owned copending allowed application Ser. No. 07/889,495, filed May 27, 1992, and allowed application Ser. No. 07/892,399, filed May 28, 1992, incorporated herein by reference.

Marine dual propeller lower bore drive assembly


A computer method of creating a super-resolved grayscale image from lower-resolution images using an L1 norm data fidelity penalty term to enforce similarities between low and a high-resolution image estimates is provided. A spatial penalty term encourages sharp edges in the high-resolution image, the data fidelity penalty term is applied to space invariant point spread function, translational, affine, projective and dense motion models including fusing the lower-resolution images, to estimate a blurred higher-resolution image and then a deblurred image. The data fidelity penalty term uses the L1 norm in a likelihood fidelity term for motion estimation errors. The spatial penalty term uses bilateral-TV regularization with an image having horizontal and vertical pixel-shift terms, and a scalar weight between 0 and 1. The penalty terms create an overall cost function having steepest descent optimization applied for minimization. Direct image operator effects replace matrices for speed and efficiency.

Super-resolution image reconstruction is a form of digital image processing that increases the resolvable detail in images. The earliest techniques for super-resolution generated a still image of a scene from a collection of similar lower-resolution images of the same scene. For example, several frames of low-resolution video may be combined using super-resolution techniques to produce a single still image whose resolution is significantly higher than that of any single frame of the original video. Because each low-resolution frame is slightly different and contributes some unique information that is absent from the other frames, the reconstructed still image has more information, i.e., higher resolution, than that of any one of the originals alone. Super-resolution techniques have many applications in diverse areas such as medical imaging, remote sensing, surveillance, still photography, and motion pictures.
The details of how to reconstruct the best high-resolution image from multiple low-resolution images is a complicated problem that has been an active topic of research for many years, and many different techniques have been proposed. One reason the super-resolution reconstruction problem is so challenging is because the reconstruction process is, in mathematical terms, an under-constrained inverse problem. In the mathematical formulation of the problem, the known low-resolution images are represented as resulting from a transformation of the unknown high-resolution image by effects of image warping due to motion, optical blurring, sampling, and noise. When the model is inverted, the original set of low-resolution images does not, in general, determine a single high-resolution image as a unique solution. Moreover, in cases where a unique solution is determined, it is not stable, i.e., small noise perturbations in the images can result in large differences in the super-resolved image. To address these problems, super-resolution techniques require the introduction of additional assumptions (e.g., assumptions about the nature of the noise, blur, or spatial movement present in the original images). Part of the challenge rests in selecting constraints that sufficiently restrict the solution space without an unacceptable increase in the computational complexity. Another challenge is to select constraints that properly restrict the solution space to good high-resolution images for a wide variety of input image data. For example, constraints that are selected to produce optimal results for a restricted class of image data (e.g., images limited to pure translational movement between frames and common space-invariant blur) may produce significantly degraded results for images that deviate even slightly from the restricted class.
The multiframe super-resolution problem was first addressed by a proposed frequency domain approach. Although the frequency domain methods are intuitively simple and computationally cheap, they are extremely sensitive to model errors, limiting their use. Also, by definition, only pure translational motion can be treated with such tools and even small deviations from translational motion significantly degrade performance.
Another popular class of methods solves the problem of resolution enhancement in the spatial domain. Non-iterative spatial domain data fusion approaches have been proposed, and an iterative back-projection method was previously developed. Additionally, a method based on the multichannel sampling theorem has been suggested. Further, a hybrid method, combining the simplicity of maximum likelihood (ML) with proper prior information was suggested.
The spatial domain methods known in the art are generally computationally expensive. A block circulant preconditioner for solving the Tikhonov regularized super-resolution problem has been introduced and formulated, and addressed the calculation of regularization factor for the under-determined case by generalized cross validation. Later, a very fast super-resolution algorithm for pure translational motion and common space invariant blur was developed. Another fast spatial domain method was recently suggested, where LR images are registered with respect to a reference frame defining a nonuniformly spaced high-resolution (HR) grid. Then, an interpolation method called Delaunay triangulation is used for creating a noisy and blurred HR image, which is subsequently deblurred. All of the above methods assumed the additive Gaussian noise model. Furthermore, regularization was either not implemented or it was limited to Tikhonov regularization. Considering outliers, a very successful robust super-resolution method has been described, but lacks the proper mathematical justification. Finally, quantization of noise resulting from video compression and proposed iterative methods have been considered to reduce compression noise effects in the super-resolved outcome.
What is needed is a super-resolution technique that is computationally efficient and produces desired improvements in image quality that are robust to variations in the properties of input image data.

Robust reconstruction of high resolution grayscale images from a sequence of low resolution frames

The Regents of the University of California, Santa Cruz


A picture container having the general shape and configuration of a book for easy storage on the end edge thereof on a shelf thereby making it easy to store, locate and retrieve pictures or photographs and their negatives. The picture container includes a generally rectangular, parallelepiped housing including a base and cover hingedly connected thereto by a narrow width sidewall with the base and cover including interengaging flanges when the cover is parallel to the base to form a container having the general shape and configuration of a book. The narrow sidewall forms a spine hingedly connected to the base and cover which allows the cover to open to a position completely spaced away from the base to make it easier to place the photographs and negatives in the container. The base of the container is provided with guides which are optionally positioned to receive and contain photographs of different standard sizes and the cover includes a structure for supporting the negatives in a secure and convenient position.

Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to a storage system for photographs and negatives and more specifically to a picture container having the general shape and configuration of a book for easy storage on the end edge thereof on a shelf thereby making it easy to store, locate and retrieve pictures or photographs and their negatives. The picture container includes a generally rectangular, parallelepiped housing including a base and cover hingedly connected thereto by a narrow width sidewall with the base and cover including interengaging flanges when the cover is parallel to the base to form a container having the general shape and configuration of a book. The narrow sidewall forms a spine hingedly connected to the base and cover which allows the cover to open to a position completely spaced away from the base to make it easier to place the photographs and negatives in the container. The base of the container is provided with guides which are optionally positioned to receive and contain photographs of different standard sizes and the cover includes a structure for supporting the negatives in a secure and convenient position.


The present invention provides a planar antenna having a scalable multi-dipole structure for receiving, and transmitting high-frequency signals, including a plurality of opposing layers of conducting strips disposed upon either side of an insulating (dielectric) substrate.

A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material which is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent file or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to the field of high frequency antennas and more particularly to the field of a parallel-feed, high-gain, planar, high-frequency antenna constructed using inexpensive manufacturing techniques.
2. Description of the Related Art
The wireless communication industry""s foremost objective is to provide antennas having (1) the lowest possible manufacturing costs with consistently uniform performance, (2) high gain, and (3) high directivity.
Conventional dipole antennas, in which each element of half-wavelength radiators are fed in-phase, produce a substantially omni-directional radiation pattern in a plane normal to the axis of the radiators. However, providing such an omni-directional structure on a substantially planar and inexpensive surface, such as a printed circuit substrate, has proven a challenge. Existing attempts to achieve such planarity and performance rely on vias that penetrate the substrate to interconnect a plurality of conducting planes, thereby adding substantially to the cost of the antenna. Extending planar designs over a wide frequency range has proven even more difficult, since many designs only operate over a narrow frequency range.
In existing designs, as the frequency changes, the phase difference between the two dipoles changes, as result of the feed lines having different lengths. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,037,911 discloses a phase array antenna in which the a xe2x80x9cdifferent phase feeding is appliedxe2x80x9d by xe2x80x9cchanging the length of the feeding lines approaching the printed dipoles from outside of the printed patch to the phase center (middle of the antenna).xe2x80x9d
Other designs require the construction of vias thru the substrate. U.S. Pat. No. 5,708,446 discloses an antenna that attempts to provide substantially omni-directional radiation pattern in a plane normal to the axis of the radiators. The patent discloses a corner reflector antenna array capable of being driven by a coaxial feed line. The antenna array comprises a right-angle corner reflector having first and second reflecting surfaces. A dielectric substrate is positioned adjacent the first reflective surface and contains a first and second opposing substrate surfaces and a plurality of dipole elements, each of the dipole elements including a first half dipole disposed on the first substrate surface and a second half dipole disposed on the second substrate surface. A twin line interconnection network, disposed on both the first and second substrate surfaces, provides a signal to the plurality of dipole elements. A printed circuit balun is used to connect the center and outer conductors of a coaxial feed line to the segments of the interconnection network disposed on the first and second substrate surfaces, respectively.
However, in order to connect the coaxial cable to the interconnection network, U.S. Pat. No. 5,708,446 requires a via to be constructed through the substrate. This via""s penetration through the substrate requires additional manufacturing steps and, thus, adds substantially to the cost of the antenna.
Furthermore, other attempts require branched feed structures that further increase the number of manufacturing steps and thereby increase the cost of the antenna. A need exists to use fewer parts to assemble the feed so as to reduce labor costs. Present manufacturing processes rely on human skill in the assembly of the feed components. Hence, human error enters the assembly process and quality control must be used to ferret out and minimize such human error. This adds to the cost of the feed. Such human assembled feeds are also inconsistent in performance.
For example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,037,911 discloses a phase array antenna comprising a dielectric substrate, a plurality of dipole means each comprising a first and a second element, said first elements being printed on said front face and pointing in a first direction and said second elements being printed on said back face, and a metal strip means comprising a first line printed on said front face and coupled to said first element and a second line printed on said back face and coupled to said second element. A reflector means is also spaced to and parallel with said back face of said dielectric substrate and a low loss material is located between said reflector means and said back face, whereby said first and second lines respectively comprise a plurality of first and second line portions and said first and second line portions respectively being connected to each other by T-junctions.
However, in order to provide a balanced, omni-directional performance, U.S. Pat. No. 6,037,911 requires a branched feed structure through the utilization of T-junctions. These T-junctions add complexity to the design and, again, increase the cost of the antenna.
Finally, more complex, high frequency antennas have a high loss line structure and, thus, require an expensive dielectric substrate. Due to the simplicity of production and elements and the low cost of the raw materials, the antenna""s cost is significantly lower than for more complicated, high frequency antennas.
To address the shortcomings of the available art, the present invention provides a planar antenna having a scalable multi-dipole structure for receiving, and transmitting high-frequency signals, including a plurality of opposing layers of conducting strips and antenna elements disposed upon either side of an insulating (dielectric) substrate.
In one embodiment, the invention consists of 4 dipoles in a planar configuration. Two dipoles are in a same horizontal level and symmetric on opposite sides of a feedline. This orientation enables achievement of omni-direction coverage of signals radiated from the antenna. An identical pair of dipoles are stacked on top (or below) the original pair. A balanced feedline passes up to a point which is symmetric to all 4 dipole dipoles and splits to 4 balanced feed lines that feed each of the dipoles in-phase.
In another embodiment, the present invention is an antenna that optimized to function between 5.15 and 5.35 GHz frequency range.
Another embodiment of the present invention incorporates two series capacitors coupled to each respective feed structures to help in matching.

Parallel-feed planar high-frequency antenna


Provided is a method of fabricating an integrated circuit device, the method including: forming, on a substrate, a developable bottom anti-reflective coating (DBARC) layer including a chemically amplified polymer; forming, on the DBARC layer, a photoresist layer including a non-chemically amplified resin and a photoacid generator (PAG); generating an acid from the PAG in a first region selected from the photoresist layer, by exposing the first region; diffusing the acid in the exposed first region into a first DBARC region of the DBARC layer, the first DBARC region facing the first region; and removing the first region and the first DBARC region by developing the photoresist layer and the DBARC layer.

The disclosure relates to a method of fabricating an integrated circuit device, and more particularly, to a method of fabricating an integrated circuit device, the method including an exposure process using i-line (365 nm) irradiation.
As downscaling and high integration of integrated circuit devices rapidly progresses, there is a need for techniques allowing improvement in dimensional precision of a pattern desired to be formed when the pattern is formed by using a large-area positive tone patterning process. In particular, to prevent residual defects caused by unwanted photoresist residues remaining in an exposed region in a large-area positive tone patterning process, there is a need to develop a process of forming a pattern by using an exposure process.

Method of fabricating integrated circuit devices

Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do


This invention concerns an infusion bag, especially for tea, which has a top part with folded down corners and a middle part folded over it, to which a string with two free ends is attached that goes from one side of the top part through a hole in the folded down parts forming a loop on the other side of the top part and comes back, whereby the two free ends are drawn up through the loop laid over the top edge of the infusion bag and pulled to form a knot. The solution in the invention is characterized by the fact that two holes are made in the top part at a lateral distance next to one another, on the left and right of the longitudinal axis of the bag; each hole goes through a folded down corner and the middle of the top part; by the fact that the string forms a loop and one end goes through one hole and the other end through the second hole; by the fact that the loop is laid over the top edge of the infusion bag, and both ends of the string go up through the loop to form a double knot. The invention also concerns a method of closing an infusion bag.

The invention concerns an infusion bag, especially for tea, which has a top part with corners folded down and a middle part folded down over it, to which a string with two free ends is attached, which goes from one side of the top part, through a hole, forming a loop on the other side of the top part and back, whereby the two free ends are pulled through the loop placed over the top edge of the infusion bag and are pulled to form a knot. The invention also concerns a method of closing an infusion bag, especially for tea, closed on top by corners folded down and then a middle part folded down, with a string, preferably having a tag on the other end, by means of two needles.
It is known how to close infusion bags exclusively with a string. For this, the corners on top of the infusion bag are first folded down and then the middle part is folded over the folded down corners to make the closure of the infusion bag reliable. This closure is secured by a string that has several ways of being attached.
In one known embodiment in German Utility Model 296 13 448, the string on the top part of the infusion bag is attached there by means of a separate attachment string. This connection between the end of the string and the infusion bag cannot withstand high stresses and is technically expensive.
To create a simple way of attaching the string, it is known from EP 0 807 579 how to provide the folded top part with two recesses and place the infusion bag next to a tensed string in such a way that it runs at the height of the recesses and a tucking needle can be passed through each of the recesses, take the string and pull it through the recesses with both its ends. The free ends of the string pulled through the recesses in the infusion bag are attached to the tag, for example by welding or tacking. The disadvantage of this is that the attachment is loose and therefore not secure, and it is possible for the folded down areas on the top part to come unfolded, so the contents of the infusion bag can fall out or a loss of aroma and freshness can occur.
EP 0 691 268 discloses a string closure in which a needle goes through a single hole in the top part of the infusion bag, grasps the string behind and pulls it through the hole, forming a noose, which is then used to make a knot. The disadvantage of this is that it does not make sure that the folded down corners and the middle of the top part folded down over it are grasped together and with the bag by the string connection and are connected by the knot formed. The closure itself is not secure enough during folding, perforating and stringing with high manufacturing precision.
The problem of the invention is to provide a secure attachment between the folded down parts of an infusion bag and the bag itself with a string connection that can be made simply at a low technical cost and at high production speed.
The invention solves the problem with an infusion bag of the type mentioned at the beginning that has two holes made in the top part at a lateral distance next to one another to the left and right of the longitudinal axis of the bag that grasp one folded corner and the middle of the top part; that the string forms a loop with one end that goes through one hole and the other end through the second hole; that the loop is placed over the top edge of the infusion bag and both ends of the string are passed from below through the loop forming a double knot. The loop is preferably made of crossed string parts laid one over another, whereby one short end and one long end of the string can be provided, especially for attaching a tag to the long end of the string, and whereby to increase the safety of the knot, the short end of the string in the preferred embodiment is arranged in the string parts of the loop criss-crossed over one another under the long end of the string on the wall of the bag. With the invention, the attachment of the folded down corners and the folded down middle part to one another and to the bag is secure, and production is simplified because the comparatively thick, and hence difficult to tool, middle longitudinal seam of conventional bags need not be pierced or perforated. The knots keep the connection itself from loosening by two holes spaced apart and separate ends of the string ends that are doubled going through them, so that even if one end should come out of the loop, the knot through the second end of the string and the extra noose holds it secure.
Developing the known method described at the beginning, the method of solving the problem in the invention is characterized by the fact that: the end of the string is looped through a recess in a holder; by the fact that the top part of the infusion bag is inserted into the holder and the string is looped around the top edge of the infusion bag; by the fact that the string is then grasped on its free end and on its long continuous end by two holes in the top part that go through the folded down parts and the free end, as well as the continuous part that first goes into a loop and is then pulled all the way out of the infusion bag; and by the fact that the noose is finally tightened by pulling, especially on the continuous part. To grasp the string, two needles are preferably used that go through the infusion bag under the closed part of the loop, whereby the holder can have guide holes for the needles. To pull the string through, it must be cut on the continuous part, before the needles are pulled back at the latest. That way, the continuous part forms one long end of string, which can be used to attach a tag.
The method in the invention closes the folded down top part of the infusion bag exclusively using the string, and does not use extra string. The string is pulled through the top part of the infusion bag or pierces it with the needles, whereby the holder contains guide holes for the needles. The needles make only a simple motion to perforate the top part of the infusion bag, to allow a fast, simple sequence of movements. Previous perforation of the top part of the infusion bag is not essential. The top of the bag is securely closed by the two stitches to the right and left of the middle, whereby the folded down corners are also fixed. Attachment can be done in a continuous process at a calm machine pace and a high product count. The knot does not come loose due to the forces of friction even when slightly prestressed, i.e., when tightened loosely.

Teepack Spezialmaschinen GmbH and Co. KG


A dual port random access memory device having a memory location which has interfaces for allowing at least two devices to access a given memory location. The memory location is subdivided into at least two portions. One of the portions is a source and one of the portions is a destination. A shadow updating mechanism is provided and connected to each of the memory location portions for allowing data stored in one of the portions to be copied into the other portion.

The present invention relates to a dual port random access memory (RAM) and, more particularly, to a dual port RAM having shadowing capabilities to facilitate communication between two devices.
Heretofore, system designers have allowed two intelligent devices, such as controllers or processors, to communicate with one another. The use of random access memory has facilitated such communication or data transfer between devices. In other words, one device can generate data that the second device uses. Bidirectional communication is, of course, also necessary with a RAM, so that the second device can generate data when the first device is the recipient thereof.
The use of random access memory also allows data to be updated, either by the originating device or by the receiving device at a later time.
To solve the problem of data access by two devices concurrently or approximately concurrently, dual port RAM have been developed. The dual port RAM of the prior art, however, has certain drawbacks, including potential for significant access time penalties due to the fact that one device must finish writing data into a location before the second device attempts to do so or before the second device attempts to read the data.
Contention problems occur when both devices write, or when one device reads while the other device attempts to write, to the same location in memory. Generally, and fortunately, contention does not exist when two devices attempt to read the same data. Moreover, determining which device should get access to the memory (i.e., arbitration) and determining the length of delay required before a given device is allowed access to memory may also be significant, time consuming factors.
The amount of data access required of a RAM device during any period of time is uncertain. Record keeping, testing and the like can occur before a device is allowed to access memory previously updated by the other device. The prior art teaches the use of certain control signals, such as READY and ACKNOWLEDGE, to keep track of access interleaving 1rom the devices.
Another problem occurs when two disparate devices are used with one dual port RAM. The dual port RAM generates certain control signals that may not be suitable for all devices that access data stored in RAM. Accordingly, so called "glue logic" is required to smooth the transition between data generated by one controller and accessed by another or for data that is to be accessed by two or more controllers.
It would be advantageous to interface two or more devices such as processors to one another in a simple system design.
It would also be advantageous to facilitate communications between two devices by use of a dual port RAM.
It would also be advantageous to provide a dual port RAM that would allow two devices to access data therein approximately simultaneously.
It would also be advantageous to eliminate control signals when accessing data in predetermined memory locations of RAM.
It would also be advantageous to eliminate glue logic and other measures conventionally required to allow two disparate devices to communicate with one another.
It would also be advantageous to provide a mechanism for updating data stored in a dual port RAM so as to facilitate access to the updated data by disparate devices connected thereto.
It would also be advantageous to provide a dual port RAM with relatively high operating speeds and low costs.
It would also be advantageous to provide a system that includes a fixed access time for devices with synchronized bus cycles to interface to RAM.
It would also be advantageous to provide a dual port RAM, one device and the interface means therefor on a single IC chip.

System for accessing the same memory location by two different devices


A method and system for showing a user his position in a set geographic area in which all parts of the geographic area are visible on a display at all times, and in which the user's position is shown as moveable relative to the set geographic area. The method and system utilize a positioning system (such as GPS) on the user and a display visible to the user to track and display the user's movement. In some versions the user defines the geographic area by positioning himself at the edges of the area. In other versions the user marks the geographic area on a map or chart on the display. In this way the user will always know his position relative to the same boundaries, without the need for zooming or scrolling the display.

A. Field of the Disclosure
The field of the instant disclosure is methods and systems for representing a user's position on a display visible to the user based on the user's real-world position.
B. Background of the Art
Methods of representing a user's geographic position on a display have until now been limited to three major classes: those in which the user views the display, and in which the user is always represented at the center of the display and in which the user's environment constantly scrolls to portray movement; those in which the user views the display, and in which the user's position on the display may vary and in which the user's environment periodically scrolls to portray movement; and those in which the user does not view the display. These methods all have inherent disadvantages.
If the user is always portrayed at the center of the display, the user may have difficulty with orientation. The user may not be able to determine his position relative to known landmarks. If the method orients the portrayal of the user's environment based on the user's heading, it is difficult for the user to determine the cardinal directions from the display (unless these are expressly marked).
Regardless of whether the user is always portrayed at the center of the display, the scrolling screen has the disadvantage that the user cannot see objects in the environment in area to which the screen has not yet scrolled. If the user's position is not fixed on the screen, this virtual horizon will change in its distance from the user, further complicating orientation and navigation.
The lack of defined boundaries of the field of the display poses inherent difficulties in orientation to the human user. It creates a virtual environment in which the user's position cannot be determined without reference to landmarks on the display. The user's position cannot be determined simply from looking at the user's position on the display, because the user's position on the display is either always in the center or jumps wildly from edge to edge or edge to center. Of course, in methods in which the user's position is represented on a display not visible to the user, the method is useless to the user in orientation and navigation.
Moreover, there may be certain instances in which the geographic area of interest is fixed or limited. In such instances, it may be disadvantageous for the display to scroll and advantageous for the entire geography of interest to be viewable on the display. For example, if the geography is a region with specific objects and/or other users who are also displayed or tracked by the system to which the display is in communication, it may be particularly advantageous to display the entire geography, with all relevant objects, on the display without scrolling so the user may view all of the relevant surroundings.

Method and system for plotting a user's position on a display


A structure and a method for preventing latchup in a gate array. The structure including: a NFET gate array and a PFET gate array in a substrate; an electrically conductive through via extending from a bottom surface of the substrate toward a top surface of the substrate the NFET gate array and PFET gate array, the through via electrically contacting the P-well.

In modern integrated circuits, gate arrays comprising p-channel field effect transistors (PFETs) and n-channel field effect transistors (NFETs) can be susceptible to latchup. Latch-up causes Metal-Oxide-Silicon FETs (MOSFETs) to consume large amounts of current overheating and destroying the integrated circuit in which latchup occurs. Existing methods for reducing this propensity to complementary MOS (CMOS) latchup have become increasingly less effective as doping levels of the substrates of integrated circuits have decreased. Therefore there is a need in the industry for more robust latchup preventive structures and methods for preventing latchup for gate arrays in integrated circuit chips.

Latchup robust gate array using through wafer via

International Business Machines Corporation


Aqueous emulsions of organopolysiloxanes functionalized with a limited amount of aminoalkyl-functional end groups and silicone resins are storage stable, yet capable of adequate crosslinking upon application to substances to be hydrophobicized.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to water-containing mixtures comprising aminoalkyl-containing polyorganosiloxanes, silicone resins, protonating agents and water, and also to a process for the preparation thereof.
2. Description of the Related Art
Aqueous compositions comprising amino-functional organopolysiloxanes are known. Such compositions are used for example for hydrophobicizing treatment of natural and/or synthetic textile fibres, for hydrophobicizing treatment of building products, as a constituent of care agents and as a constituent of cosmetic preparations.
Patents cited hereinbelow all have in common that they concern aqueous mixtures of MQ resins and silicone oils. WO2006097207 and WO2006097227 describe aqueous emulsions consisting of polydimethylsiloxanes and silicone resins for treatment of fibres and for reducing wrinkling. US2007128962 utilizes an aqueous mixture of polydimethylsiloxane, MQ resin and a volatile silicone solvent for imparting resistance to stain absorption.
US 20060041026 and DE102006032456 describe the treatment of textile fibres with oil-in-water emulsions of aminoalkyl-containing polydimethylsiloxanes of low emulsifier content. However, these mixtures have the disadvantage that the excessively low proportion of reactive end groups leads to poor crosslinking.

Aqueous mixtures comprising aminoalkyl-containing polyorganosiloxanes and silicone resins


A light assembly comprising a globe, an electric grid powered lighting element disposed within the globe, a solar powered lighting element disposed within the globe, a solar panel coupled to the solar powered lighting element for collecting light and generating power for the solar powered lighting element, a rechargeable power source coupled to the solar panel and the solar powered lighting element for storing the power generated by the solar panel and powering the solar powered lighting element, a first sensor for detecting an ambient light level and activating the solar powered lighting element when the ambient light level is below a desired ambient light level, and, a second sensor for detecting output levels of the solar powered lighting element and activating the electric grid powered lighting element when the output level of the solar powered lighting element is below a desired output level.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to a solar powered light and more particularly to a solar powered light for providing an alternative or additional light source in a light fixture.
2. Description of Related Art
Over recent years, there has been volatility in the price of electricity. In addition to price volatility, the use of certain fuels has been found to be harmful to the environment. For example, when electricity is generated from coal, large amounts of carbon dioxide are emitted into the environment, which contributes to poor air quality and global warming. As a result, many are interested in using alternative energy sources which are less expensive and more environmentally friendly. One type of alternative energy source that is becoming increasingly popular is solar power. Solar power is a renewable power source that produces power at a fuel cost of zero and can be used in a variety of settings, including but not limited to residential, municipal and commercial property settings.
A problem with solar power, however, is that there is a significant upfront cost associated with obtaining the equipment and components necessary to utilize a solar power system. Thus, although many individuals are interested in utilizing solar power, the upfront expense of switching from the electric power grid to solar power is prohibitively expensive.
What is needed then is a solar powered light that can be integrated with or attached to light fixtures connected to the electric grid.


An adjustable vascular graft with a user-customizable reduced inner diameter is provided. The graft includes a flexible tubular body having open ends and a plurality of receivers in a sidewall thereof, which may be arranged in two circumferentially spaced rows of receivers. The receivers may take the form of ringlets, eyelets, loops, or holes, which may be provided in a reinforced region of the graft sidewall, and which may be radiopaque. A suture passes through the plurality of receivers, the suture having first and second free ends capable of being pulled, and which suture may also be radiopaque. Tensioning or tightening the first and second ends of the suture reduces an inner diameter of the corresponding portion of the tubular body of the graft, thereby allowing for the custom reduced inner diameter and a resulting flow restriction to be provided. Related methods are also disclosed.

Vascular grafts are prosthetic medical devices used in a variety of medical procedures, including for forming an anastomosis in the course of repairing or replacing diseased vessels, or for purposes of hemodialysis (which may involve forming an arteriovenous fistula, in which a vascular surgeon joins an artery and a vein together using such a graft). A typical graft is a flexible, elongated, tubular structure made of a biocompatible material, and thus designed to mimic the vessel(s) being repaired or connected. An example of a typical graft G is illustrated in FIG. 1, which is quite simply an elongated tubular or pipe-like structure that may have a variety of diameters and lengths depending on the intended use.
In the course of forming the anastomosis, it is sometimes desirable to create a reduced diameter section for regulating fluid flow through the graft, which may avoid creating circulatory problems in other parts of the vasculature. One past manner of achieving this reduction is for the vascular surgeon to cut the graft longitudinally along an intermediate portion, overlap the portions created by the cut, and stitch them back together to provide the entire graft with a desired reduction in diameter. Obviously, this is a laborious and time-consuming step in an otherwise medically complex procedure, potentially taking hours to complete, and is highly dependent on the skill of the vascular surgeon. Moreover, the resulting graft may produce sub-optimal results if the stitching becomes undone over time, or perhaps even if a tear results as a result of the weakening of the graft material resulting from the cutting required.
To avoid these limitations, a past proposal has been made for a so-called "flow restriction graft" F, an example of which is shown in FIG. 2. This graft is of the same tubular, flexible structure as illustrated in FIG. 1, but includes a necked portion N that provides the desired decrease in inner diameter (e.g., from 7 millimeters to 3 or 4 millimeters). While this device solves the above problems with manual reductions achieved by cutting the graft, it does not account for the possibility that a variety of reductions in diameter may be required, depending on the needs of a particular patient or use to which the graft is put. Obviously, if a different reduced diameter is desired than would be provided by a flow restriction graft on hand, then the manual reconstruction may be necessitated, which potentially leads to the aforementioned problems.
Accordingly, it would be desirable to provide an adjustable vascular graft that allows for a custom inner diameter reduction to be achieved by the end user in an easy and highly repeatable manner. The graft would thus be useful in a variety of applications, and avoid the past need for having different graft sizes on hand. It would also allow for the reduction in diameter to be achieved quickly, without the need for extensive reconstruction of the graft and the concomitant issues that may result.

Adjustable vascular graft for custom inner diameter reduction and related methods


The present invention discloses a device and method for implementing a transparent clock. The device comprises: a clock module, a data identification module and a data correction module, wherein the clock module is connected with the data identification module and the data correction module respectively, and used for providing clock information to the data identification module and the data correction module; the data identification module is used for receiving data and acquiring current time information from the clock module; and the data correction module is connected with the data identification module, and is used for accumulating a positive or negative value of the current time information with the time information included in the data according to an outputting direction of the data and outputting the accumulated time information together with the data. By adopting the present invention, the residence time information of the data in the switching node is acquired by a hardware device, and the time information included in the data is corrected according to the residence time information, so that the transparent clock of the data can be effectively implemented, and the acquired residence time information is of a high precision and is acquired stably.

At present, network technologies have been developed, and the Ethernet technology thereof, with the characteristics of high openness, wide application, low cost and the like, has been gradually and widely applied to many fields, such as the information management and communication in the upper layer in the process control field and communication field of commercial computers.
In the distributed Ethernet, the clock synchronization technology is one of key technologies of the Ethernet technology, and the clock synchronization directly affects the real time property of the network communication. The IEEE1588 standard provides a solution for the clock synchronization in the Ethernet of which the basic function is making other clocks in the distributed network synchronous with the most precise clock. The IEEE1588 standard defines a Precision Time Protocol (PTP) which is used for performing submicrosecond synchronization of the clocks in sensors, executors and other terminal devices in a standard Ethernet or other distributed bus systems adopting multicast technology.
There are many switching nodes (such as switches and routers) inside a network, in the V2 version of the IEEE1588 protocol, it is required to calculate a residence time of related data in the switching nodes and a concept of transparent clock is proposed, i.e., subtracting the residence time of the 1588 protocol data in a switching node from the total transmission time of the data, so as to achieve the "transparent transmission" effect of the data in the switching node. Therefore, the time synchronization precision can be effectively improved by precisely calculating the residence time of the 1588 protocol data in the transparent clock (switching node) and by correcting the 1588 protocol data according to the residence time. Accordingly, in order to calculate the residence time of the protocol data in the switching node, the time information of the 1588 protocol data inputting into or outputting from the switching node must be acquired.
At present, in the related technologies, the IEEE1588 protocol stack is implemented and the related information of a time stamp (i.e., transparent clock) is acquired by software. Although the transparent clock of the 1588 protocol data can be implemented by software, there is still uncertainty and fluctuation, so that the synchronization precision can be seriously restricted due to the jittering of the software.
For the problems of poor precision, instability and strong fluctuation of the clock transparent transmission of the 1588 protocol data, there is still no effective solution.

Implementing transparent clock by correcting time information carried in data using residence time information


An image forming apparatus is provided. The image forming apparatus includes a print engine, a communication apparatus to receive print data, and a processor to generate an intrinsic dot pattern for the print data, to generate a print image including the intrinsic dot pattern by using the generated intrinsic dot pattern and the print data, and to control the print engine to print the generated print image.

An image forming apparatus generally operates to print out print data generated at a print control terminal such as a computer onto a printing paper. Examples of an image forming apparatus may include a copier, a printer, a scanner, a facsimile, or a multi-function peripheral (MFP) in which the above functions are combined and implemented in one apparatus.
The same reference numerals are used to represent the same elements throughout the drawings.

Image forming apparatus to print traceable printout

Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.


An apparatus and a method for detection with a scanning microscope (1) are disclosed. The scanning microscope (1) encompasses a scanning device (7) that guides an illuminating light beam (3) through a scanning optical system (12) and a microscope optical system (13) and over or through a specimen (15). A digital circuit (30), which periodically interrogates the detected signals within a pixel (Px,y) and calculates an average therefrom, is placed after the detector unit (19).

German Unexamined Application DE 101 26 286 A1 to Engelhardt, et al. discloses a method and an apparatus for point-by-point scanning of a sample. The method is characterized by the steps of generating a setpoint signal for each scan point and transferring the setpoint signal to a scanning device. In further steps, an actual signal is ascertained for each scanned point from the position of the scanning device. Also performed are detection of at least one detected signal for each scanned point, calculation of a display signal and an image position from the actual signal and/or the setpoint signal and the detected signal, and allocation of the display signal to the image point position. It is problematic that conventionally, deflection of the mirror galvanometer proceeds, for example, sinusoidally, i.e. the deflection changes more slowly in the vicinity of the reversing points (corresponding to the image edges) than at the zero transition. This nonlinearity results in a different illumination time or cycle time Ti for each pixel (see FIG. 4). Conventionally, the signals generated by the detector are integrated, using an integrator constructed with analog technology, over a constant maximum time suitable for all pixels. The data value is then read out by an analog-digital converter, and the integrator is cleared. Only then does a new cycle begin for the next pixel. It is disadvantageous here that the integration time is based on the pixels having the shortest illumination time or cycle time. Valuable measurement time is thus lost for the pixels at the image edges (scan direction reversal) having longer cycle times, i.e. the signal-to-noise ratio there is degraded.
Unexamined Application DE 197 02 752 A1 to Schoppe, et al. discloses a triggering system for a scanner drive. The scanner is driven by an oscillating motor, so that a scanning mirror oscillates. A triggering unit provides linear feed of a suitable control frequency to the oscillating motor, so that the scanning beam also describes a substantially linear path on the surface of the sample.
European Patent Application EP 0 845 693 to Hakozaki encompasses a confocal microscope and a method for generating a three-dimensional image with a confocal microscope. A device is provided that generates a relative motion in the direction of the optical axis. Also provided is a control unit that simultaneously controls or regulates the device for generating the relative motion and a scanning device.
Further disadvantages of the existing art are that an input signal cannot be detected during the necessary clearing time of an analog integrator. At high scanning rates, however, the clearing time can constitute more than half the cycle time. At 8 kHz (resonant scan), for example, the integration time per pixel can be 25 ns. Clearing of the integrated signal (for short integration times), on the other hand, can take at least 20 ns. Because a high scanning speed is required, however, it is no longer possible to completely clear the integrator. For this reason as well, the integration time (and thus also the cycle time) must be constant within a line that is to be scanned. The final integration value, and thus also the subjective image brightness, is thus dependent on the scanning speed and the scan format. The image settings must be correspondingly corrected by the user.

Apparatus and method for detection with a scanning microscope


A switching device includes at least a first input and a second input, as well as at least a first output and a second output. The first input is connected with the first output through a first controller and a first switch contact pair. The second input is connected with the second output through a second controller and a second switch contact pair. The switching device further includes a transformer with a core. The first controller forms at least a first coil of the transformer and the second controller forms at least a second coil of the transformer. A switch arrangement is configured to maintain an unsaturated state of the core.

Residual current protection devices are known, which monitor electrical lines that lead to a partial power supply system or load, and by the occurrence of a residual current, therefore a difference between the fed and derived current, disrupt the power supply of the partial power supply system. Normally, the electrical lines that lead to the partial power supply or load are monitored through a summation current transformer. Upon occurrence of a residual current, a trigger circuit connected with the summation current transformation is activated, which in turn separates switch contacts, through which the partial power supply or the load is separated from the supply network.
Such residual current protection switches have a setup to examine the functionality. Thus, a test line with a test button is designated, whereby the test line leads past parts of the current on the summation current transformer once the test button is activated. Upon activating the test button, a triggering of the residual current protection switch occurs, whereby the lead is separated from the supply network through this inspection. That is why this inspection is often not executed, because for example loads like computers or servers react sensitively to disruptions in the power supply, or due to the inconvenience of having to reset the clocks from different electronic devices, like video recorders, after a power interruption.
In order to hinder a disruption of the power supply to the load during the inspection, a switching device can be used to bridge over for the duration of the inspection of the residual current protection switch. Now the problem exists that by the bridging over of the residual current protection switch under real conditions there will by asymmetry in regards to the part of the current, which is guided through the switching device on the residual current protection switch before the bridge-over is complete or the residual current protection switch cannot be reset after inspection without triggering it.
In order to compensate for this asymmetry, the lines from the switching device can be coupled with each other for bridging through a transformer. Through this, there should be a symmetry of the two currents, which should be used to compensate for the asymmetry of the bridge over switch.
This theoretical function or effect, however, does not exist in the reality of an electrical installation environment. In real systems, actual asymmetry occurs that is so big that its compensation, in accordance with the state of technology, is only possible with very large magnetic cores. Nevertheless, this is disadvantageous in practice, because such magnetic cores have very large dimensions and mass, which makes their integration in a conventional installation difficult. Such cores consist of high quality materials and illustrate a significant cost factor from a corresponding switching device. Both the dimensions as well as the high costs of such practical switching devices decrease the processing, whereby often the installation of such switching devices is waived at a whole. This leads to the functionality of the residual current protection switches, which should protect load circles with an undesired switch off, not being inspected for a longer period of time and through this, a possibly defect residual current switch is also not recognized.
Through this, the security in electrical installation arrangements decreases, which exposes people to bodily harm and the systems to a constantly increasing hazard.


The antimicrobial aqueous solution of the present invention comprises an original undiluted aqueous solution containing: 25 μg/ml to 50 μg/ml of an amphipathic preservative comprising a monoglycerol monolaurate; and 12.5 μg/ml to 30 μg/ml of an ε-polylysine. In preparing the antimicrobial aqueous solution, dissolution of the amphipathic antimicrobial can be promoted by addition of a sucrose monolaurate and by heating to 35° C. to 60° C. This antimicrobial aqueous solution can be used effectively, even within a range of concentrations lower than concentrations to be typically used for amphipathic antimicrobials. It is possible to adopt a diglycerol monolaurate, instead of the monoglycerol monolaurate.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to: an antimicrobial aqueous solution containing an ε-polylysine and an amphipathic antimicrobial as constituent components in amounts of microgram units relative to 1 ml of water, and its preparation method; and more particularly to an antimicrobial aqueous solution which adopts, as the amphipathic antimicrobial, monoglycerol monolaurate (which may also be called "monolaurin") or diglycerol monolaurate in a manner to use it combiningly with an ε-polylysine and to add a sucrose monolaurate as a solubilizer into the solution, and its preparation method.
2. Description of the Related Art
Higher organisms including human species live in a manner daily exposed to a wide variety of and an extremely large number of micro-organisms, from birth to death. Such micro-organisms include good bacteria and bad bacteria, so that microfloras (habitat distribution of micro-organisms) of the higher organisms have been fluctuated within certain ranges due to influences of the environment. Further, the human species have been drastically changed in lifestyle at recent times, and the influence of the environmental changes such as due to industrial activities is coming up to the area of micro-organisms. After the latter half of the 20th century, numerous antibiotics have been found out, thereby enabling to counteract serious diseases due to pathogenic microbes. To the contrary, such antibiotics tend to be overused because they allow for counteractions to serious diseases with ease, to resultingly bring about generation of antibiotics resistant microbes, which is to be counteracted as soon as possible. Moreover, there is a problem of a group of bacteria called gram negative bacteria which are originally nonsensitive to lipophilic antibiotics. These bacteria are characterized in that, whereas gram positive bacteria each have a cell surface comprising two layers of a cytoplasmic membrane and a cell wall, the gram negative bacteria each additionally include a strong membrane called an outer membrane as an outermost layer, which outer membrane acts as a barrier against lipophilic antibiotics tending to invade the gram negative bacteria from the outside thereof. Effective substances capable of invading such gram negative bacteria, are less in amount of existence. It is said that advanced persons, who have been frequently subjected to opportunities of usage of antibiotics for many years, have internal microfloras including predominant gram negative bacteria. As an example, pathogenic bacteria of geriatric pneumonia are frequently Pseudomonas being in gram negative nature and having a strong resistance against lipophilic antibiotics, so that the medical scenes undergo difficulty in medical treatments therefor (see Non-Patent Document 1, for example).
Upon occurrence of an epidemic disease under such circumstances, passive measures are taken, such as local dispersion of an antiseptic solution, and sterilization of hands of medical professionals and workers. Unfortunately, active techniques have not been found to previously eliminate possibilities of epidemic diseases, even at present where scientific techniques have been so advanced. One of the reasons thereof is that most of antiseptic solutions also have toxicities to humans as well as residual properties, so that such antiseptic solutions are not allowed to be prophylactically dispersed. Then, attention is to be directed to a presence of those among preservatives to be used for foods and the like, which are relatively low in toxicity. However, they are generally mild in antimicrobial activity and have antimicrobial spectra different from one another. As such, expectation has been redirected to a complementary or synergistic combined system, based on a combination of multiple preservatives. Specifically, it has been disclosed that food preservatives each provided by adding a protamine to a glycerol monomiddle length fatty acid ester and an ε-polylysine, are made to have broad antimicrobial spectra against various micro-organisms (see Patent Document 1, for example). Further, food preservatives have been disclosed each containing, as active ingredients: an aliphatic monoglycerin ester of a fatty acid having 8 to 12 carbon atoms; and an ε-polylysine; (see Patent Document 2, for example). Moreover, preservatives have been disclosed each having a polylysine, and a glycerin monolaurate, i.e., monolaurin (see Patent Document 3, for example).
However, these problems including the above-mentioned problem of antibiotics resistant microbes have not been solved yet. Then, the antibacterial agents disclosed in the Patent Documents 1 to 3 have been investigated to reveal that the ε-polylysine and the monoglycerol monolaurate have antimicrobial activities which are exhibited under the requirement that these components are combined with each other and used together with protamine or glycine so as to enhance the antimicrobial effects of the combined substances. Further, although the antimicrobial effects have been obtained by using these components at higher concentrations, respectively, sufficient effects against gram negative bacteria have not been obtained yet in any of the Patent Documents.
Further, monolaurin has been restricted in usage, because of its drawbacks that monolaurin is particularly inactive against gram negative bacteria and exhibits a low water solubility. In turn, although an ε-polylysine has been and is being noticed as a rare one of substances which are active even against Pseudomonas as gram negative bacteria, it is impossible to confirm an antimicrobial reinforce effect for an amphipathic antimicrobial insofar as at a usage concentration at which the antimicrobial action of ε-polylysine is expected. This is because, cell surfaces of micro-organisms are minus charged and the ε-polylysine is plus charged, so that the ε-polylysine is attached in an extremely large amount onto surfaces of the micro-organisms. Thus, it appears that usage of ε-polylysine at a high concentration causes the bonded long molecules of ε-polylysine to cover cell surfaces of micro-organisms, so that the permeability of monolaurin through cytoplasmic membranes is obstructed and the antimicrobial activity of the monolaurin is not exhibited.
Meanwhile, since an agar impression material is provided for directly collecting a mouth impression of a patient by a hand of a dentist, strict safety is demanded legally. However, none of the preservatives usable therefor has possessed a satisfactory antimicrobial effect. Then, the present inventors have noticed a combination of an ε-polylysine with an amphipathic antimicrobial and investigated addition amounts thereof, to resultingly find out that an antimicrobial activity can be reinforced by combining an ε-polylysine with an amphipathic antimicrobial at lower concentrations of microgram units relative to 1 ml of water, respectively. The present inventors have also noticed a point that the slight water soluble monolaurin is suspended in water, and have searched for a solubilization agent of monolaurin into water (hereinafter, the solubilization agent is called "solubilizer"), thereby resultingly finding out that the monolaurin dissolves, in an amount several times its solubility in water, in such a water containing a sucrose monolaurate added therein, to attain a transparent aqueous solution to thereby further progress the antimicrobial activity. In this respect, it has been found out that, when the monolaurin is provided not in a state of suspension but in a state of complete aqueous solution, there can be obtained such a collaborated effect that the monolaurin sufficiently permeates through cell surfaces of gram negative bacteria even under the influence of ε-polylysine, to exhibit an effectiveness of the monolaurin as an antibacterial agent having a broad spectrum and to further expand the spectrum up to gram negative bacteria.
It also has been found out that the addition of sucrose monolaurate exhibits not only the solubilizing effect but also such an effect that precipitated monolaurin is not caused even after a long-term storage. It has been further found out that the same effect as monolaurin can be exhibited, even when adopting a diglycerol monolaurate at a lower concentration to be handled at microgram units relative to 1 ml of water. The present invention has been narrowly completed, based on these knowledges.
[Patent Document 1] JP7-135943A1 (Claims, paragraph [0002], and paragraph [0004])
[Patent Document 2] JP2000-270821A1 (claims 1 and 2)
[Patent Document 3] JP11-228308A1 (claims 1 and 2)
[Non-Patent Document] H. NIKAIDO and M. VAARA, Microbiological Reviews, March 1985, p 1-32

Antimicrobial aqueous solution and its preparation method


A cleaning system process and apparatus for welding torches performs the cleaning by subjecting the welding torch, including the weld tip, nozzle and gas diffusers, to cooling. The cooling provides a temperature shock sufficient to loosen the weld spatter from the torch. In one embodiment the loosened spatter may then be carried away from the torch by either or both of positive or negative fluid pressure, for example an air blast or a vacuum line, respectively. The cooling may be done by subjecting the torch to a pressurized flow of coolant medium such as dry ice pellets or the like. The system may further cleanse the torch with an anti-spatter compound which can be applied by mixture with the coolant medium if desired. The cleaning system process is thorough, quick, subjects the torch to little stress, and improves performance of the nozzle including operation time between cleanings.

The present invention relates to means and methods for cleaning welding torches.
The purpose of the cleaning system of the present invention is for cleaning of weld spatter over the entire area inside and outside of the nozzle assembly of a welding torch including the weld tip and gas diffusers. The system is suitable for welding guns used with special purpose welding machines, robotic welding systems and manual welding units.
During the cleaning cycle, the welding gun is positioned proximal to the cleaning unit and subjected to a cooling medium sufficient to cause thermal shock effective to loosen or separate the spatter from the nozzle assembly. This may be accomplished in one embodiment by the application of dry ice pellets to the nozzle assembly. Mechanical loosening may also be affected by this process. Advantageously, the cleaning effects a cooling of the nozzle assembly which aids in efficient welding operations. Further the cleaning gives little mechanical or abrasive strain to the nozzle assembly thus promoting longer life and economical cleaning of the nozzle assembly.
The cleaning unit may be a box and clamp assembly constructed to hold the nozzle assembly and contain the cooling medium. The box may be pneumatically or hydraulically operated to provide the delivery of the cooling medium under pressure. The loosened weld spatter may be subjected to fluid pressure, e.g. high pressure air, forced through the nozzle assembly from an air line attached to the torch and a second air stream directed forwardly to the torch assembly from the box to further remove the loosened weld spatter from the nozzle assembly area. The box may also be connected to a vacuum line to aid in the removal of debris or residual cleaning media, or both.
Additionally an anti-spatter compound such as known detergents or the like may be added to the coolant medium, or separately applied, to further clean and protect the nozzle assembly if desired.

Cleaning system for welding torches which effects cleaning by means of cold temperature


A power supply switch system for switching power supply to an electronic device, includes an adaptor, a charger module, a battery electrically connected to the charger module and a switch module. The adaptor outputs a voltage signal. The charger module receives the voltage signal and outputs control signals. The switch module receives the control signals and switches the adaptor and the battery to provide power supply to the electronic device. When the adaptor is powered on, the charger module controls the switch module to turn off a first connection between the battery and the electronic device; the charger module controls the switch module to turn on a second connection between the adaptor and the electronic device; and the adaptor provides the power supply to the electronic device.

1. Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to switch systems, especially to a power supply switching system for switching power supplies of an electronic device.
2. Description of Related Art
Both adaptors and batteries can power electronic devices such as portable computers and panel computers. A selector chip is commonly used to switch power supply between the adaptors and batteries. However, a typical selector chip is usually very expensive and requires a plurality of peripheral components, which increases costs and space of the electronic devices.
Therefore there is a need for improvement in the art.


The present invention relates to a method for controlling a construction machine which performs a working operation along a working trajectory on a ground depending on at least one operating parameter. A method according to the present invention comprises placing at least one mark, detectable by a sensor device, stationary on the ground in a region which, regarded from at least one position of the construction machine on the working trajectory, is located in the detection region of the sensor device. The mark is detected by the sensor device, resulting in the generation of sensor data which is processed by the data processing device of the construction machine. A control command is generated for the machine control of the construction machine for changing at least one operating parameter of the construction machine.

Construction machines moving on a working trajectory or a working curve during operation, the approximate course of which is known prior to the start of operation, are used in different fields of construction, such as earth-moving construction or road construction. This may, for example, be the course of a road or be predetermined at least partially by obstacles such as buildings, trees, etc. In this case, the term working trajectory thus refers to a planned route the construction machine is to move along during the respective operation and along which it ideally moves during operation. For example, it is often times known for construction machines used in road construction that their working trajectory follows the planned or actual course of a road. Typical cases here are the milling track of a ground milling machine, particularly a road milling machine, a recycler, a stabilizer or a surface miner, the road surface applied by a road paver, or a lane processed by a grader. Thus, the working trajectory refers to the path which is to be processed by the respective construction machine and along which said machine moves during operation.
In many cases, operation of such a construction machine depends on at least one operating parameter comprising different setpoint values for different points of the working trajectory. Such a working parameter may be defined by the adjustment height of a working device of such a construction machine, by the working intensity or also by the working width, for example. The term operating parameter thus refers particularly to a parameter by means of which the respective working device of the construction machine is set.
In this context, it has been common that the monitoring and control of the at least one operating parameter is performed by the operator of the construction machine. Said operator does not only have to regularly check the operation with respect to the direction and work result, but usually also needs to enter the relevant control commands with respect to the working direction and the work result. Usually, this is performed by means of a console mounted on the construction machine, particularly on the operator platform of the construction machine. However, sometimes this type of control places high demands to the construction machine operator during operation as he simultaneously needs to monitor the travel movement and the operation of the working device and partly even further functions such as loading of a transport vehicle, monitoring the filling level of a bunker, etc., and ensuring a reliable operation.
One example of a construction machine which is used along a working trajectory and the operation of which depends on at least one working parameter is a ground milling machine. Ground milling machines serve for removing the surface of ground material, for example, for milling off road surfaces. To that end, ground milling machines comprise as a special working device a rotating milling drum which is equipped with milling chisels and which is immersed into the ground and guided therethrough by the ground milling machine for milling off ground material, thus producing a milling track. Such a ground milling machine has been described in DE 10 2012 021 379 A1, for example.
For example, one operating parameter essential to the working operation of a ground milling machine is the milling depth indicating how deep the milling drum mills off the ground surface in the vertical direction relative to the original surface of the ground. Depending on the respective target of the respective operation, however, situations may occur in which the milling depth varies over the working trajectory. Examples of such a variation of the milling depth may be milling a ramp between the milling bed and the non-processed ground, on which the ground milling machine may, for example, move out of the milling track, obstacles in the milling path, for example, storm drains, which are not to be milled over, etc.
Further examples of construction machines also moving over comparatively long sections along a working trajectory during operation are, in particular, road construction machines such as road pavers (as described in DE 10 2013 007 061 A1) or recyclers/stabilizers (as described in DE 10 2012 024 769 A1), or also earth-moving machines such as graders or cable laying machines (as described in EP 2246485 A1, for example).
Thus, said construction machines have in common that, in regular operation, they often times move along a path or working trajectory along which the working process is performed. It is known and common for such machines and working operations that marks are manually placed on the ground along the working trajectory prior to the actual working operation, which represent working instructions to the operator of the respective ground processing machine. For example, in this context it is known for a ground milling machine, particularly a road milling machine, that the desired milling depths are sprayed onto the ground as numbers. Then, the operator of the machine has to continuously check during operation whether marks are placed on the ground and, if so, which changes are required for the operation of the ground processing machine.

Method for controlling a construction machine, control system for a construction machine, and construction machine


A solid-state image sensor may include a first substrate and a second substrate that are combined with each other. The first substrate may include a photoelectric conversion portion, a holding portion which holds a charge generated in the photoelectric conversion portion, a transfer portion which transfers the charge generated in the photoelectric conversion portion to the holding portion, and a first electrode connected to the holding portion. The second substrate may include a second electrode and an amplifier portion which is connected to the second electrode and amplifies a signal in the holding portion. The holding portion and the amplifier portion may be electrically connected to each other by a capacitance formed by the first electrode and the second electrode.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a solid-state image sensor, a method of manufacturing the same, and a camera.
2. Description of the Related Art
With the tendency toward increasing semiconductor chip size and increasing manufacturing process complexity, it has become possible to use a technique of separately manufacturing a plurality of substrates and connecting them by using bumps.
FIG. 2 in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2008-85755 discloses a structure in which a pixel cell 16 and a reception circuit 17 are electrically connected to each other by forming a capacitance by using an electrode for outputting a signal from the pixel cell 16 to the reception circuit 17 and an electrode for inputting a signal from the pixel cell 16 to the reception circuit 17. In this case, the pixel cell 16 includes a photoelectric conversion portion, a transfer portion for transferring the charge generated in the photoelectric conversion portion, and an amplifier portion for amplifying a signal corresponding to the amount of charges. As disclosed in FIGS. 6 to 10 in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2008-85755, the capacitance formed by the two electrodes may be disposed after the pixel cell 16 (after an inverter, multiplexer, or the like).
According to Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2008-85755, a solid-state image sensor is formed by combining a substrate (solid-state image sensor element 11) including the pixel cell 16 with a substrate (signal processing element 12) including the reception circuit 17. Photoelectric conversion portions, transfer portions, and amplifier portions are arranged on the substrate including the pixel cell 16, and hence it is difficult to increase the aperture ratio of each pixel while ensuring an area for each photoelectric conversion portion.

Solid-state image sensor, method of manufacturing the same, and camera with plural substrates


A system and method for generating configuration code using an SNMP MIB, comprising generating a first configuration layer based on an XML MIB derived from the SNMP MIB. The first configuration layer is configured to provide an SNMP Agent with access to a second configuration layer. A second configuration layer is generated for a configuration table based on the XML MIB and comprises methods for managing the configuration table. The second configuration layer is configured to receive a configuration request containing configuration information representing a change to the configuration table from the SNMP Agent, call a first configuration listener method from a configuration listener layer, and receive a first status code from the configuration listener layer.

Prior code generation systems generate parts of the software management system. For example, SNMP toolkits ship with code generators to generate the stubs that the SNMP agent will call. Persistence systems generate a persistence layer automatically (for example, the JAXB toolkit). However, these prior art systems do not automatically generate all software layers at once.

System and method for comprehensive code generation for system management


Methods for enabling database privileges are provided. The methods eliminate strict dependency on tradition password, or “secret” based security systems. Instead, database privileges are enabled based on verifying information stored in one or more frames of a call stack corresponds to trusted security logic. In another embodiment, database privileges are enabled based on policies identified in the trusted security logic. The methods and techniques described herein provide a flexible and extensible mechanisms for verifying that trusted security logic has been executed prior to enabling database privileges.

In the field of database management systems, a database is often referred to as a server; that is, a program that provides services (e.g., via a plurality of processes) to one or more clients. The database generally contains a number of tables, each table having numerous rows and columns. A column is commonly referred to as a "field", and a given row and field pair is referred to herein as a "data cell". The data cell describes a particular attribute of the subject of a row.
One type of client is called an application program. An application program is a complete, self-contained program that performs a function directly for a user. As used with a database, the application program provides an interface to the data cells stored in the tables of the database.
An application program is advantageous to a user because the application program provides a simplified interface to the data stored in the database. The interface is simplified because users are generally not required to know complex structured query language ("SQL") commands that are used to extract data from the database. For example, the application program can provide a graphical user interface (e.g., a "form") with a series of prompts for query parameters. A user accessing the application program simply enters the query parameters and the application program invokes a SQL request that is processed by the database. The database will return the results of a query matching the user's query parameters to the application program.
As mentioned above, the database is often used as a repository of data information for a number of application programs. Each application program is often designed for a particular type of function and a particular class of user. For example, the database may include a table, the table containing information about employees of a corporation, such as: name, employee ID, social security number, salary, manager, work phone number, and home address.
All of the employees (users) in a corporation do not need full "write" privileges (i.e., the right to update, delete or modify) to the employee data. For this reason, a database may employ a security system to restrict user privileges to the data. For instance, an employee's manager may be granted privileges to read and modify the employee's salary, yet other employees of equal or "lower" rank may be restricted from such privileges by the security system.
FIG. 1 depicts a flow diagram of a secret-based database security system 100. The secret-based database security system 100 is employed to enable privileges to users for access to the data cells. A secret password is authenticated before database privileges are enabled to the users. In short, the secret password is the database's way of determining the identity of an end application (or user).
Often a separate application program is provided for creating, deleting or modifying data cells versus simply reading the cells in the same database. For instance, the employee's manager may update the employee's salary through a payroll application program that allows such database privileges to be granted only to a higher-ranking employee. Furthermore, the payroll application may only reveal certain fields to the employee's manager (e.g., the employee's home address may be withheld, but the employee's salary shown). However, in an electronic mail application, read-only privileges to the employee information table may be granted to all users for corporate directory purposes, but those privileges might restrict access to social security number, salary, and home address information.
In a typical secret-based database security system 100, when the user attempts to access the database through the application program, the application program may first request a password from the user. If the application program successfully authenticates the password, then the application program will establish a session with the database for the user. (As used herein, a "session" is a specific connection of a user to a database instance via a user process; a session lasts from the time the user connects to the database instance until the time the user disconnects from the database instance.) The application program, after establishing the session with the database, will cause an authentication process to be invoked, whereby a password that is hard-coded (or "embedded") into the application program, or requested directly from the user, will be supplied to the database security system 100 and presumably verified. If the password is successfully authenticated, then the appropriate database privileges are granted to the user.
If the user is denied privileges by using the application program, the user may attempt to establish an ad hoc query session with the database, thereby bypassing the application program. When establishing the ad hoc query session, the same security process is invoked. The authentication process prompts the user for a password and after the user responds, the database security system 100 authenticates the password by comparing the user response with a static password file. If the authentication is successful, then the user is granted privileges to the database.
Drawbacks exist with password, or so-called "secret-based" database security systems. One drawback is that the security is only as good as the password, and the password is only good so long as it is kept secret. Maintaining the password as a secret can be very difficult. For example, one user having privileges to the database can simply supply the password to another user who does not have equal privileges. Another possible breach can occur when an eavesdropper monitors a session and discovers the password, simply checks the application program code for the embedded password, or explores the static password table.
A possible solution is the use of powerful, computationally expensive, multi-bit encryption methodologies in conjunction with the password, such as the well-known Rivest-Shamir-Adleman ("RSA") or Message Digest 5 ("MD5") encryption algorithms. However, virtually all passwords and cryptographic methods can be broken. In today's highly distributed client-server systems allowing sessions to be established between tens of thousands of users and the server, it is possible to launch a parallel attack on the database to discover the password. Repeated assaults can be asserted from numerous locations until, eventually, the cryptographic key is discovered and the password is revealed.
Once the password is discovered, it will have to be changed. Users of the database will have to be notified of a new password(s), applications with the password hard-coded or embedded into them will have to modified, and new password tables will have to be created—all at significant effort to the database and/or application program administrator. The userid and password approach to database privilege enablement is not very flexible.

Method and apparatus for enabling database privileges