A shift speed equalizer is provided in a marine transmission in a marine drive subject to a decrease in engine speed upon shifting from neutral to a forward or reverse gear due to a high propeller pitch or the like, such as in bass boat applications, and subject to an increase in engine speed upon shifting back to neutral. The shift from neutral to forward or reverse is sensed, and engine speed is increased in response thereto, to compensate the decrease in engine speed due to shifting. The return shift back to neutral is sensed, and engine speed is decreased in response thereto, to compensate the increase in engine speed due to shifting. Engine speed is increased by advancing engine spark ignition timing, and engine speed is decreased by retarding or returning engine ignition timing to its initial setting. Particular methodology and structure is disclosed, including modifications to an existing shift plate and to an existing guide block to enable the noted functions, and including the addition of an auxiliary circuit to existing ignition circuitry enabling the desired altering of engine ignition timing to keep engine speed from dropping when shifting into forward or reverse.

The invention relates to marine propulsion systems, including marine transmission shifting systems.
In bass boat applications, when shifting from neutral to a forward or reverse gear, there is a drop in engine speed. This is due in large part to the load put on the engine by the high pitch propellers normally used in bass boat applications. The present invention addresses these and other types of boating applications where there is a drop in engine speed upon shifting into gear.
In the present invention, engine speed is increased in response to shifting into or out of gear. This is opposite to typical boating applications where engine speed is decreased, e.g. by interrupting the ignition, upon shifting into gear, in order to facilitate such shifting, for example Entringer U.S. Pat. No. 4,753,618 and Davis U.S. Pat. No. 4,726,798. Also known in the prior art are systems providing idle stabilization with spark timing along a negative slope such that as engine speed decreases, spark timing is advanced, and as engine speed increases, spark timing is retarded, thus providing self-stabilization, Staerzl U.S. Pat. No. 4,712,527. Such stabilization is a function of the ignition timing curve chosen for a particular speed range, not a shift condition.
In the present invention, to maintain an equal or nearly equal engine speed in-gear and out-of-gear, engine speed is changed upon shifting. In the preferred embodiment, ignition timing is advanced during the shift from neutral to forward and from neutral to reverse. When shifting back into neutral, the ignition timing is retarded, i.e. returned to its normal setting.
The altering of the ignition timing is performed electronically by connecting the ignition circuit through a resistor to ground. This is accomplished by mounting a switch on an existing shift plate. The shift plate is modified to provide mounting structure to accommodate the switch. An existing guide block on the shift plate is moved by the shift cable and is connected to the transmission for shifting the latter. The existing guide block is modified to have camming surfaces for actuating the switch between open and closed states to alter ignition timing.
In the preferred embodiment, when shifting into forward or reverse, the respective guide block camming surface becomes disengaged from the switch, such that the latter is in its normally closed state connecting the ignition circuit through the resistor to ground, which reduces the ignition circuit bias voltage and advances spark ignition timing electronically, which prevents the engine speed from dropping. Upon shifting back into neutral, the respective guide block camming surface engages the switch and actuates it to an open state, interrupting the noted connection through the resistor to ground, to return or retard ignition timing to its original point.


A method and apparatus for removing pieces of wood, such as stumps, from a logging site. In particular, the method entails driving a spike into a given piece of wood, attaching a line to the spike, pulling the piece of wood to a desired area away from the logging site, and then removing the spike from the piece of wood. Also provided is a spike having a head that has a first, broad width at the top of the head, a second, narrow width below the first, broad width, and one or more shafts extending from the second narrow width of the head. Further, the head of the spike has a hole therethrough able to receive a line so that the spike, upon being driven into a chunk of wood, can be pulled to the desired area. Also provided is a spike removal device wherein a forked pressure plate and a forked grabber plate are placed about the second, narrow portion of the spike, then extended away from each other, thereby contacting the broader, first section of the spike and the piece of wood, thereby removing the spike from the wood.

Prior methods and apparatus for removing tree stumps and other wood debris from a logging site include large apparatus that pull the stump from the ground, thereby causing significant damage to the ground and increasing the potential for erosion. Other prior methods and apparatus include the use of massive devices attached to bulldozers or other pieces of large machinery for cutting the stumps out of the ground.
However, there has gone unmet a need for a simple method and lightweight apparatus able to economically remove stumps without significant damage to the ground. Also unmet is a need for a method and apparatus able to remove stumps from all variety of steep and uneven terrain. Further unmet is a need for an apparatus able to be carried by a single individual and that is able to use lines and machinery routinely present at a logging site without expensive adaptations.


A liquid crystal display device and a drive method thereof are disclosed. The liquid crystal display device includes a display panel and a controller. The display panel includes a display region, a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix are provided in the display region, each of the plurality of pixels includes a red sub-pixel, a blue sub-pixel and a green sub-pixel, and the display region includes a middle portion and a peripheral portion outside the middle portion, and at least one first pixel is provided in the peripheral portion, the controller is configured to relatively increase a luminous intensity of a blue sub-pixel in the first pixel.

A liquid crystal display (LCD) technology is a relatively mature display technology at present. A liquid crystal display device is formed by using the liquid crystal display technology, and the liquid crystal display device has become a mainstream in display devices due to advantages of high image quality, power saving, thin body and wide application range and the like. With development of display technology, a narrow frame liquid crystal display panel has become a trend in the development of the liquid crystal display device. At present, in a process of preparing a liquid crystal display panel, the liquid crystal display panel is easily deformed in a vacuum breaking process and a cutting process, resulting in uneven thicknesses at edges and in a middle part of the liquid crystal display panel, further causing undesirable phenomena such as yellowing at the edges of the liquid crystal display panel and so on, so that a display effect of the liquid crystal display panel is affected and display quality is lowered.

Liquid crystal display device and drive method thereof

Hefei Xinsheng Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd.


A drink holder system is described, wherein the drink holder system includes a base assembly operable to receive a drink container and a clamp assembly operably associated with the base assembly. The base assembly includes a C-shaped base member having an open end, a C-shaped retainer member having an open end, a plurality of leg members interconnecting the base member and the retainer member, and a plurality of selectively biasable prong members extending from a surface of the retainer member. The clamp assembly includes a bracket member operably associated with the retainer member, a first clamping member slidably received in the bracket member, and a second clamping member operably associated with the bracket member, wherein the second clamping member is operable to bias away from the first clamping member to permit the clamp assembly to selectively clamp onto a surface, such as an edge portion of a table or chair.

Drink containers can occupy valuable space on certain surfaces such as tables, especially tables that are generally crowded with other items, such as card tables which contain the player's cards, betting chips and/or the like. Drink containers also have a tendency to tip over, especially when the table is crowded with other items, thus potentially spilling the contents of the container onto the table and the other items located thereon.
Accordingly, there exists a need for a new and improved drink holder that can receive any number of types and sizes of drink containers wherein the drink holder can be selectively and removably secured to a structure.


A data converting apparatus is disclosed which receives packet data made of content data supplemented with recording control information to be referenced upon recording of the content data. When the data converting apparatus outputs the received packet data to another apparatus, the converting apparatus converts the recording control information to a specific value if the other apparatus is expected to function normally only by use of that specific value replacing the recording control information.

The present invention relates to a data converting apparatus, a data converting method, and a recoding medium for implementing data conversion when packet data which are made of content data supplemented with recording control information to be referenced upon recording of the content data and which are input to a first apparatus are output from there to a second apparatus.
With rapid advances in digital technology in recent years, it has become commonplace to record and reproduce content data such as AV (audio visual) data in digital form.
Unlike analog data, digital AV content data maintain their high levels of sound and image quality. The digital data are also noted for little degradation in quality when copied and reproduced. These features call for strict copy control measures from the viewpoint of implementing adequate copyright protection.
One conventional copy control technique is known as SCMS (Serial Copy Management System). This technique involves writing recording control information called CCI (Copy Control Information) together with content data to recording media such as CDs (Compact Discs) or MDs (Mini Discs). When CCI-supplemented content is packetized and sent from a transmitting apparatus (acting as a player) illustratively over an IEC 60958 digital transmission channel to a receiving apparatus (acting as a recorder), the CCI is placed in packets so that the receiving apparatus during recording will carry out copy control based on what is defined by the CCI.
At present, the CCI defines three categories of copy: "Copy Freely," which means content may be copied unlimitedly; "Copy One Generation," which means content may be copied for one generation only; and "Copy Never," which means no copy is allowed.
Another conventional copy control technique is known as DTCP (Digital Transmission Content Protection). This technique has been adopted to carry out authentication and transmission stream encryption between apparatuses that exchange content data illustratively over an IEEE 1394 transmission channel after retrieval from SACD (Super Audio CD) or DVD (Digital Versatile Disc) media, whereby unlimited content data transmission is supposed to be thwarted.
DTCP also involves the use of the CCI that stipulates the sole definition of "Copy No More" upon transmission.
As it is becoming even more commonplace to record AV content data digitally from now on, the desire of copyright holders to better protect their copyrights is expected to grow. The manners and techniques such as the CCI by which to protect copyrights are expected to diversify further.
CCI-based copy control techniques, however, have some disadvantages. In operation, an apparatus on the transmitting side reads the CCI from a recording medium and packetizes it together with retrieved content data before sending the packets over a transmission channel in response to a reproduction request from another apparatus on the receiving side. That means CCI-based copy control is executed in a manner totally dependent on the receiving apparatus.
If more CCI variations are to be adopted from now on in keeping with the diversifying measures and techniques for copyright protection, these variations must be accommodated by the receiving apparatus whose settings need to be changed for copy control every time such a variation is added. This, however, is very difficult to accomplish. As long as conventional copy control techniques are used in conjunction with the CCI, copy control cannot be performed in a manner effectively embracing any newly added CCI variations.
Furthermore, with future CCI definitions expected to become more diversified, the recording and reproducing operations reflecting such definitions will be carried out in a more sophisticated manner than before. With such developments coming into sight, relying solely on the receiving apparatus for implementation of adequate copy management is an unrealistic proposition.

Data converting apparatus, data converting method, and recording medium


A portable electric lamp has a flat sided body that contains one or more batteries to power a lamp bulb, and an enclosure which has a light-transmitting lens portion, the enclosure housing the lamp bulb. The enclosure is mounted for sliding movement on and with respect to the body. A switch, a battery contact of which is carried by the enclosure, moves with the enclosure, into and out of contact with the battery to energize and de-energize the lamp bulb. In the embodiment described, the body is made up of two cavities, hinged along a long edge. An opposite long edge is provided with tabs on which mounting lugs are provided that fit into channels in the enclosure to permit sliding and to mount the enclosure on the body. The assembled lamp has no protrusions, as distinguished from lamps with switch buttons extending from them.

The portable lamp of this invention will be described terms of a purse light, but it is adaptable to use in a tackle box, or briefcase or almost any other kind of container the interior of which can desirably be illuminated. It is also useful, when removed from the container, as a keyhole illuminator or the like.
Pocket flashlights have been known for many years, and even purse illuminators adapted to be mounted detachably in a purse, as shown, for example in U.S. Pat. No. 298,658.
The present invention is directed to a purse light or the like which is simple, flat-sided, with no protrusions whatsoever, clean-looking, effective, easy to use, and inexpensive.


A system and method are presented for authorizing execution of requested actions transmitted between clients and servers of a data processing system. The method includes receiving a message including a set of actions and simulating execution of the set of actions. A list representing allowable actions and user-definable inputs to the simulated actions is defined. The list of allowable actions and user-definable inputs to the allowable action is then compared to user-requested actions and inputs. When elements within the user-requested actions and inputs are included in the allowable actions and input list, the user-requested actions and inputs are authorized for execution.

The present invention relates generally to privacy and security systems and, more particularly, to methods and systems for authorizing requests, data, informational content, applications and other information transmitted between a client device and a host device within a data processing system.
In a client/server data processing system, a number of personal computers, work stations, portable and/or handheld devices or the like ("clients") are linked and communicate with one or more host computers ("servers"). The servers process requests from the clients for information and/or application programs shared by the clients over the network. Increasingly, client/server networks have been linked to form a wider "network of networks" including, for example, intranets and extranets that may themselves be a part of a world-wide network, namely, the World Wide Web portion of the Internet ("web"). The linking of networks permits clients to share resources (e.g., information and application programs) across the networks.
Along with an increase in the availability of shared information and application programs over potentially world-wide networks, there is an increase in the vulnerability of each of the individual client/server networks. For example, an unscrupulous person seeking to retrieve and/or damage proprietary information and application programs stored on one of the networks may access the proprietary information and application programs and use them in an unauthorized way. In an effort to prevent such an unauthorized use, many networks connect to other networks through "firewalls." Conventional firewalls include hardware and/or software systems designed to deal with access control to internal network resources (e.g., a specific web server or a folder), to limit access to portions of a network and to prevent unauthorized retrieval or damage to proprietary information and application programs stored thereon.
Many conventional firewall systems, however, do not deal with the authorization at an application level, and may be defeated by an unscrupulous person masquerading as an authorized client. For example, many web applications assume that the application user is in fact executing a mobile agent of the application on his/her browser. However, a malicious user can connect to a web server without using standard web browser software, thus, the user is not bound to any limitations whatsoever that may be forced at the browser side, and the malicious user can masquerade as a standard client and send destructive or forged data to the web server.
In commonly assigned, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/345,920, a solution for verifying requests from a user of a standard HTML document is described. The solution is based on extracting the set or pattern of actions (HTTP requests) the browser software may take, based on the content of the HTML document ("authorized actions"). This set of authorized actions is then matched against requests sent by a client application. Even if the user is not using one of the standard browsers, only requests from within the legal or authorized set of actions will be passed to the web server.
In view of the foregoing, the inventors of the present invention have recognized a need to extend the above-described verification technique to logic (e.g., JavaScript programs embedded into the HTML page) executing on the client system on behalf of the web server. In particular, the inventors have recognized a need for simulating executing of client-side logic to capture and verify external data and events occurring thereon.

Method and system for verifying a client request


It is provided that a resin composition for sealing electrical electronic components which is not susceptible to gelation even when stagnant under high temperature conditions, and which are excellent in initial bond strength to an aluminum material, and which exhibits superior durability under a cooling and heating cycle load and the like. It is also provided that a sealed electrical electronic component with the resin composition for sealing electrical electronic components. A resin composition for sealing electrical electronic components, containing a crystalline polyester-based elastomer (A), a phenol-modified xylene resin (B1) and/or a phenol resin (B2), and a polyolefin resin (C), and having a melt viscosity of 5 dPa·s or more and 3000 dPa·s or less when dried to a water content of 0.1% or less, heated to 220° C., subjected to a pressure of 1 MPa, and extruded through a die with a hole diameter of 1.0 mm and a thickness of 10 mm.

It is indispensable for an electrical electronic component used widely in vehicles and electrical appliances to be electrically insulated from outsides for satisfying its use purpose. For example, an electrical wire is coated with a resin having an electrical insulation property. Today, applications in which electrical electronic components with complicated shapes are required to be packed in a small capacity, e.g., mobile phones, are sharply increased and in such a situation, various methods for their electrical insulation are employed. Particularly, in the case where an electrical electronic component having a complicated shape such as a circuit board is sealed with a resin serving as an electrical insulator, a sealing method for reliably following the shape of the electrical electronic component without leaving any un-packed portion is required. For that, it is common to employ a method for decreasing the viscosity of a sealing resin composition at the time of coating. A hot melt resin for sealing whose viscosity is lowered only by heating and melting to make sealing possible can be solidified to give a sealed body merely by cooling after sealing and thus has a high productivity, and in addition, since a thermoplastic resin is commonly used therefor, the resin can be melted and removed by heating after the life as a product is finished, thereby easily making recycling of the component possible.
Further, in vehicle applications, a heat generating body often exists in an electronic substrate installed in an engine room or the like, and therefore, a countermeasure of installing a heat releasing plate made of aluminum is taken in order to prevent heat storage. Still further, for making a wire harness for vehicles lightweight, shift from a copper wire to an aluminum wire has been promoted. In such a situation, a sealing material has been frequently required to have bond property to aluminum.
Having both a high electrical insulation property and water-proofness, a polyester is supposed to be a very useful material for the above-mentioned application; however, in general, a polyester has a high melt viscosity and it is necessary to carry out injection molding at a high pressure of several hundred MPa or more in the case of sealing a component with a complicated shape, and there is a risk of breaking an electrical electronic component. Patent Document 1 discloses an adhesive composition for a structure, containing a specified polytetramethylene glycol copolymerized polyether ester elastomer and an epoxy compound having at least 1.2 or more of glycidyl groups on a number average basis in the molecule. Herein, the polyester resin used herein has good initial bond property but tends to have high crystallinity, and thus generates strain energy at the time of transfer from the amorphous state to the crystalline state after bonding, and therefore, the bond strength tends to be lowered significantly and the polyester resin is unsuitable for a sealing material for electrical electronic components.
Patent Documents 2 and 3 propose a hot melt resin composition for sealing having a melt viscosity that enables sealing at a low pressure so as not to damage electrical electronic components. The resin composition allows molded components with good initial bond property to be obtained and allows a polyester-based resin composition to be applied to common electrical electronic components. However, the resin composition have a problem that if the resin composition is, for example, exposed to a cooling and heating cycle at −40° C. and 80° C., repeatedly many times for a long duration, the bond strength is rather considerably lowered and at the same time, the sealing state cannot be maintained in some cases.
Patent Document 4 discloses a resin composition for sealing electrical electronic components, in which a crystalline polyester resin, an epoxy resin, and a polyolefin resin are blended. This composition has a high adhesion strength and is durable for a cooling and heating cycle load; however, the composition has a problem that a blended product containing glycidyl may cause gelation and aggregation due to curing if stagnated under high temperature.
Patent Document 5 discloses that a hot melt adhesive composition in which a specified polyester resin and a phenol-modified xylene resin are blended shows a good adhesion property to tinned copper and a biaxially stretched poly(ethylene terephthalate) film. This adhesive composition also has a problem that the adhesion durability is insufficient to a cooling and heating cycle at −40° C. for 30 minutes and 80° C. for 30 minutes in automotive applications or the like.

Resin composition for sealing electrical electronic components, method of producing electrical electronic component, and sealed electrical electronic component


An endoscope cleaning/disinfecting apparatus according to the present invention includes a chemical bottle, an insertion portion, a chemical receiving portion, a blade portion, a first limit switch and a second limit switch. When the chemical bottle is moved to a first position, the first limit switch changes from off to on to detect the first position, when the chemical bottle is inserted to a second position at which an inner face of the chemical receiving portion and a spout portion are aligned to each other, the second limit switch changes from off to on to detect the second position, and when the chemical bottle is inserted to a third position at which a stopper portion is opened, the first limit switch is released by a stepped portion from pressing by the chemical bottle, and thereby changes from on to off to detect the third position.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an endoscope cleaning/disinfecting apparatus including a chemical bottle and an insertion portion into which the chemical bottle is inserted.
2. Description of the Related Art
When a chemical bottle is inserted at an angle into an insertion portion of an endoscope cleaning/disinfecting apparatus to set the chemical bottle in the endoscope cleaning/disinfecting apparatus, a stopper portion provided at a top face of a chemical storage portion of the chemical bottle is opened by being broken by a blade portion located at the back of the insertion portion, and as a result, a chemical in the chemical bottle is poured by its own weight into a chemical tank in the endoscope cleaning/disinfecting apparatus via a duct line. The chemical bottle contains, for example, a concentrated solution of a disinfectant used for disinfecting an endoscope or a buffer solution for a disinfectant.
For the chemical bottle setting, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Publication No. 2004-121832 discloses a configuration of an endoscope cleaning/disinfecting apparatus including two limit switches provided at an insertion portion, in which after a chemical bottle is inserted into the insertion portion, a first limit switch detects a position of the chemical bottle immediately before a blade portion cuts into a stopper portion, and a second limit switch detects a completely-inserted position of the chemical bottle at which the blade portion opens the stopper portion of the chemical bottle.


A first microelectronic element such as a semiconductor chip is mounted to a circuit board using an adaptor which has a region extending beneath the first microelectronic element and an additional region which may be folded over the first microelectronic element or which may project laterally from the first microelectronic element. The adaptor includes a functional element in the additional region, such as a further microelectronic element or an array of terminals for mounting another element. The assembly provides the benefits of a stacked chip assembly or other mustachio module, but can be made without the need for a special prepackaged stacked chip assembly. The adaptor can be configured so that it does not materially increase the height of the first microelectronic element above the circuit board.

The present invention relates to microelectronic assemblies and to components and methods used for making the same.
Microelectronic elements such as semiconductor chips ordinarily are mounted on circuit panels such as circuit boards. For example, a packaged semiconductor chip may have an array of bonding contacts on a bottom surface of the package. Such a package can be mounted to a corresponding array of bonding contacts exposed at a top surface of a circuit board by placing the package on the circuit board with the bottom surface of the package facing downwardly and confronting the top surface of the circuit board, so that each bonding contact on the package is aligned with a corresponding bonding contact on the circuit board. Masses of a conductive bonding material, typically in the form of solder balls, are provided between the bonding contacts of the package and the bonding contacts of the circuit board. In typical surface-mounting techniques, solder balls are placed on the bonding contacts of the package before the package is applied to the circuit board.
Ordinarily, numerous microelectronic elements are mounted side-by-side on the circuit board and interconnected to one another by electrically conductive traces connecting the various bonding contacts. Using this conventional approach, however, the circuit board must have an area at least equal to the aggregate area of all of the microelectronic elements. Moreover, the circuit board must have all of the traces needed to make all of the interconnections between microelectronic elements. In some cases, the circuit board must include many layers of traces to accommodate the required interconnections. This materially increases the cost of the circuit board. Typically, each layer extends throughout the entire area of the circuit board. Stated another way, the number of layers in the entire circuit board is determined by the number of layers required in the area of the circuit board having the most complex, densely packed interconnections. For example, if a particular circuit requires six layers of traces in one small region but only requires four layers in the remainder of the circuit board, the entire circuit board must be fabricated as a six-layer structure.
These difficulties can be alleviated to some degree by connecting related microelectronic elements to one another using an additional circuit panel so as to form a sub-circuit or module which, in turn, is mounted to the main circuit board. The main circuit board need not include the interconnections made by the circuit panel of the module. It is possible to make such a module in a xe2x80x9cstackedxe2x80x9d configuration, so that some of the chips or other microelectronic elements in the module are disposed on top of other chips or microelectronic elements in the same module. Thus, the module as a whole can be mounted in an area of the main circuit board less than the aggregate area of the individual microelectronic elements in the module. However, the additional circuit panel and the additional layer of interconnections between this circuit panel and the main circuit board consume additional space. In particular, the additional circuit panel and additional layer of interconnections between the additional circuit panel and the main circuit panel add to the height of the module, i.e., the distance by which the module projects above the top surface of the main circuit board. This is particularly significant where the module is provided in a stacked configuration and where low height is essential, as, for example, in assemblies intended for use in miniaturized cellular telephones and other devices to be worn or carried by the user. Such a module may also require a complicated socket or connector between the module circuit panel and the circuit board.
The additional space consumed by mounting prepackaged semiconductor chips on a separate module circuit panel can be saved by integrating the circuit panel of the module with a part of the package itself, commonly referred to as a package substrate. For example, several bare or unpackaged semiconductor chips can be connected to a common substrate during the chip packaging operation. Packages of this nature can also be made in a stacked arrangement. Such multi-chip packages can include some or all of the interconnections among the various chips in the package and can provide a very compact assembly. The main circuit board can be simpler than that which would be required to mount individual packaged chips in the same circuit. However, this approach requires unique packages for each combination of chips to be included in the package. For example, in the cellular telephone industry, it is a common practice to use the same field programmable gate array (xe2x80x9cFPGAxe2x80x9d) or application specific integrated circuit (xe2x80x9cASICxe2x80x9d) with different combinations of static random access memory (xe2x80x9cSRAMxe2x80x9d) and flash memory so as to provide different features in different cellular telephones. This increases the costs associated with producing, handling and stocking the various packages.
One aspect of the invention provides a circuit panel assembly which includes a circuit panel such as a printed circuit board having a top surface and a first microelectronic element disposed on the circuit panel, the first microelectronic element having a bottom surface overlying the top surface of said circuit panel and defining a gap therebetween. The assembly according to this aspect of the invention also includes an adaptor having a substrate including a first region. The substrate has oppositely-directed inner and outer surfaces in said first region. The first region of the substrate first extends at least partially in the gap between said bottom surface of said first microelectronic element and said top surface of said circuit panel with said inner surface facing upwardly toward the bottom surface of the first microelectronic element. The adaptor also includes a functional element as, for example, an array of terminals for connection to a further element disposed on the substrate outside of the first region. For example, the functional element of the adaptor may be disposed in an additional region which may be folded over the top of the first microelectronic element. Where the functional element includes terminals, one or more further microelectronic elements can be disposed above the first microelectronic element and connected to the terminals, to provide a stacked arrangement. In other variants, the additional region may project laterally away from the first microelectronic element.
The adaptor may have apertures in the first region, and socket contacts aligned with at least some of these apertures. Connection elements such as solder balls or surface-mountable leads on the first microelectronic element may extend through the apertures, and at least some of the connection elements may contact the socket contacts of the adaptor.
The assembly can be made using the techniques normally used to handle and secure packaged chips as, for example, placement, soldering and reflow; there is no need to prepare special stacked chip subassemblies in a chip packaging plant. Nonetheless, the preferred embodiments of the assembly can provide the benefits normally achieved by prepackaged stacked chip assemblies, such as compactness and simplified wiring layouts in the circuit board. In this arrangement, the functional element of the adaptor is connected to the first microelectronic element, to the contact pads of the circuit board, or both, by the socket contacts of the adaptor. However, because the connection elements extend through the adaptor to the circuit board, the presence of the adaptor need not substantially increase the height of the first microelectronic element above the circuit board.
In another arrangement, the adaptor has conductive attachments in the first region as, for example, pads overlying apertures in the adaptor substrate rather than the socket contacts discussed above. The functional element is electrically connected to at least some of these conductive attachments. The first microelectronic element is connected to the conductive attachments by internal connection elements such as thin solder lands, whereas mounting elements as, for example, solder balls, extend between said first conductive attachments and said contact pads. In this arrangement as well, the mounting and connection elements most preferably are arranged to minimize the height of the first microelectronic element above the circuit board. Most preferably, the bottom surface of the first microelectronic element is disposed at a height above the top surface of said circuit panel less than the sum of the height of the internal connection elements, the height of the mounting elements and the thickness of first connection region of the adaptor. For example, the mounting elements may extend at least partially within apertures within the adaptor, so that the height of the mounting elements is at least partially concealed within the thickness of the adaptor substrate. Here again, the assembly can be made using techniques similar to those used in mounting packaged chips to a circuit board as, for example, surface mounting techniques, so that there is no need for special prepackaged stacked chip assemblies.
Further aspects of the invention provide adaptors suitable for use in the aforementioned assemblies and assembly methods.

Microelectronic adaptors, assemblies and methods


Provided is a medium having a phase change recording layer wherein crystallization of the recording layer is facilitated, and at the same time, wherein the region to be crystallized is crystallized at an accurate dimension. The optical recording medium has a recording layer 4 comprising at least one phase change layer 41 and at least one functional layer 42 in contact with said phase change layer. The phase change layer 41 in its as-deposited state is amorphous, and crystals having Fm3m structure or R3m structure are produced upon crystallization of this layer. The functional layer 42 in its as-deposited state is crystalline, and contains crystals having Fm3m structure. The material used for the functional layer 42 is the one which exhibits a thermal conductivity of 0.03 to 5 W/cmK as measured in thin film form of 100 nm thick.

This invention relates to an optical recording medium having a phase change layer and a method for recording information in such medium.
Highlight is recently focused on optical recording media capable of recording information at a high density. Typical optical recording mediums are write once media which can be recorded only once and which can not be rewritten, and rewritable media wherein repeated rewriting has been enabled. Improvement in the recording density and increase in the data transmission rate are always required for an optical recording medium.
Of the rewritable recording media, those of phase change type are recorded by changing the crystalline state of the recording layer by irradiating a laser beam, and read by detecting the change induced in the recording layer by such change in reflectivity in the crystalline state.
In the phase change medium which can be rewritten by overwriting, amorphous record marks are formed by irradiating the medium with a laser beam of recording power level to melt the crystalline recording layer and quenching the molten recording layer to thereby form the amorphous record marks. In the erasure, the medium is irradiated with a laser beam of erasing power level to heat the recording layer to a temperature of not less than the crystallization temperature and less than the melting temperature followed by gradual cooling to thereby crystallize the amorphous record marks. Accordingly, the overwriting can be accomplished by irradiating a single laser beam with its intensity modulated. In the recording of such phase change medium at a high speed, the rate determining factor is crystallization speed of the recording layer, namely, the transformation speed from the amorphous to the crystalline state. The change from the crystalline to the amorphous states can be accomplished within the period of several nano seconds while crystallization from the amorphous to the crystalline state requires maintenance at a temperature at or above the crystalline temperature for at least a predetermined period.
An as-deposited phase change layer is generally amorphous. In the meanwhile, record marks formed by melting and quenching the crystalline recording layer are also amorphous. The as-deposited phase change layer and the amorphous record marks share the common feature that they are amorphous. The amorphous state of the as-deposited amorphous recording layer, however, is more stable than the amorphous record marks, and even when the as-deposited phase change medium were overwritten as described above, crystallization of the region which had been irradiated with the laser beam of erasing power level is difficult. Accordingly, there is a need to complete the initialization of the recording layer (initialization of the entire surface) before the overwriting operation. If the initialization is difficult, production cost will be increased since the initialization should be conducted by using a laser beam of higher power and at a lower speed. Also known is a write once medium wherein crystalline record marks are formed in the as-deposited recording layer, namely, in the amorphous recording layer. The crystallization of the as-deposited recording layer is quite difficult as described above, and there is a high demand for a means capable of readily crystallizing the as-deposited amorphous recording layer. In addition, if amorphous record marks can be crystallized (erased) at a higher speed, data transfer rate in the overwriting operation can be increased.
Various proposals have been made to facilitate crystallization of the as-deposited amorphous recording layer or to speed up the erasure of the record marks. Proposals include provision of a layer in contact with the recording layer for promoting the crystallization of the recording layer, and constitution of the recording layer from a laminate of layers.
For example, JP-A 92937/1989 discloses an optical recording medium comprising a recording layer containing Te or Se as its main component and a crystal nucleus-forming layer in contact with the recording layer, wherein apparent speed of nuclei formation near the melting point has been increased. There is also disclosed that the increase in the apparent nuclei formation speed of the recording layer enables erasure of the record marks at a higher speed. In claim 4 of JP-A 92937/1989, there is described that the crystal nucleus-forming layer is amorphous immediately after the production of the optical recording medium, and once crystallized by laser beam irradiation, the layer never becomes amorphous or immediately crystallized upon irradiation with the laser beam. In other words, the stable phase for this crystal nucleus-forming layer is the crystalline phase once the layer has been crystallized even if the layer went through repeated recording and erasing operations. JP-A 92937/1989 also describes that it is preferable that the crystalline phase of the crystal nucleus-forming layer after its crystallization is the same as the crystalline phase of the recording layer. Examples of JP-A 92937/1989 disclose combination of the recording layer comprising Te57In18Au25 and the crystal nucleus-forming layer comprising Te67Au33.
WO98/47142 discloses an optical information recording medium wherein a crystallization-promoting layer is provided in contact with the recording layer comprising a Ge-Sb-Te-based alloy. This crystallization-promoting layer has a crystal structure of face centered cubic lattice which is the same as that of the recording layer, or a rhombohedral lattice which does not include Te. Initialization of the recording layer is not required in this medium since the recording layer is crystallized at the time of its formation owing to the provision of the crystallization-promoting layer and the recording layer in contact with each other. There is disclosed that the adjacent crystallization-promoting layer and recording layer turns out to be in mixed state. In Examples of WO98/47142, the recording layer comprises a composition based on Ge2Sb2Te5, and the crystallization-promoting layer contains PbTe, Bi2Te3, Sb, or Bi. In Comparative Examples, the crystallization-promoting layer contains W (body centered cubic lattice), Te (hexagonal system), Sb2TeSe2 (rhombohedral lattice), Sb2Te3 (rhombohedral lattice), or Ag2Te (monoclinic system), CrTe (hexagonal system).
JP-A 185289/1999 discloses a write once optical information-recording medium which has a phase change recording layer on at least one surface of the substrate, and a layer comprising a semiconductor material immediately on and/or under the recording layer. In this medium, when the recording layer is crystallized, the shape of the unit cell constituting the crystal face parallel to the substrate in the recording layer matches with the shape of the unit cell constituting the most dense face of the semiconductor material layer. The invention described in JP-A 185289/1999 attempts to reduce the jitter by providing such semiconductor material layer, and adequately selecting the material used for each layer so that absolute value of the lattice mismatch between the recording layer and the semiconductor material layer does not exceed 10%. JP-A 185289/1999 does not explicitly indicate the crystallization-promoting effect realized by providing the semiconductor material layer in contact with the recording layer. JP-A 185289/1999, however, describes that it has been estimated that, when the recording layer had been crystallized, deformation of the lattice that takes place at the boundary with the adjacent layer prevents crystallization, and hence, invites increase in the jitter. The compounds indicated in JP-A 185289/1999 as exemplary compounds for use in the semiconductor material layer include BaO, AgCl, BeTe, GaAs, AlAs, YSb, YP, ZnSe, ThS, SnAs, YSe, AgBr, ThP, LaS, ScSb, ThSe, CaSe, PbS, ScBi, ThAs, BiSe, InAs, YTe, GaSb, PbSe, SnSb, AlSb, CuI, SrSe, SnTe, ThSb, CaTe, BaS, LaTe, PbTe, BiTe, SrTe, AgI, InSb, CdTe, Sb2Te3, Bi2Se3, and Bi2Te3. The materials indicated for use in the recording layer include alloys containing at least one of Te, Sb and Se, among which Texe2x80x94Gexe2x80x94Sb alloys and Inxe2x80x94Sbxe2x80x94Texe2x80x94Ag alloys being indicated as the most preferable. The Inxe2x80x94Sbxe2x80x94Texe2x80x94Ag alloy used in the Examples is Ag2.6In3.7Sb64.2Te29.5. In the medium described in JP-A 185289/1999, crystalline pits (record marks) are formed in the amorphous recording layer. It should be noted that, unlike the WO98/47142, JP-A 185289/1999 does not explicitly refer to the state of the semiconductor material layer after completion of the medium. JP-A 185289/1999, however, discloses that it is not the interdiffusion between the recording layer and the compound semiconductor layer that takes place.
JP-A 226173/1998 discloses an optical recording medium which has a recording layer comprising a laminate of a Sb-based thin layer containing Sb as its main component and a reactive thin layer containing In, Ag and Te (and optional Sb) as its main components or Ge and Te (and optional Sb) as its main components, and wherein the mixing of both thin layers generates a phase change material. In this medium, the treatment of mixing both thin layers is generally conducted after forming the recording layer by continuously irradiating the layer with a laser beam. In the area where the layers have been mixed, the amorphous phase such Agxe2x80x94Sbxe2x80x94Te phase is dispersed in the Sb crystalline phase, and the reflectively is lower than that before the mixing but higher than the amorphous region (record marks). The medium is overwritten after the mixing treatment by the procedure normally used in a phase change medium. In the region which has been irradiated with the laser beam of erasing power level, crystallization into AgSbTe2 takes place to increase the reflectivity.
JP-A 73692/1999 discloses an optical recording medium which has a recording layer comprising a laminate of a Te-based thin layer containing Te as its main component and reactive thin layer containing Ge and/or Sb as its main component, and wherein the mixing of both thin layers generates a phase change material. In this medium, the treatment of mixing both thin layers is conducted after forming the recording layer by continuously irradiating the layer with a laser beam. In the area where the layers have been mixed, the amorphous phase such as Gexe2x80x94Sb phase is dispersed in the Te crystalline phase, and the reflectively is lower than that before the mixing but higher than the amorphous region (record marks). The medium is overwritten after the mixing treatment by the procedure normally used in a phase change medium. In the region which has been irradiated with the laser beam of erasing power level, crystallization into GeTe2 or Sb2Te3 takes place to increase the reflectivity.
JP-A 342629/1993 discloses an information recording medium wherein a high speed initialization has been enabled by providing an easily crystallizable auxiliary layer in contact with the recording layer comprising a phase change material. In this medium, the auxiliary layer has a composition containing at least 50 atom % of Se or at least 70 atom % of Te, and average composition of the auxiliary layer and the recording layer is Ge2Sb2Te5, GeSb2Te4, or In3SbTe2. In other words, the auxiliary layer and the recording layer of this medium reacts with each other to thereby constitute a normal composition of the phase change material.
In addition to the layers as described above, it is also known to use a non-metal layer for the purpose of promoting the crystallization of the amorphous phase change layer.
For example, JP-A 149322/2000 discloses a non-initialized phase change optical recording medium comprising a phase change layer and a crystallization-inducing layer provided in contact with the phase change layer. This crystallization-inducing layer is a light-transmitting layer which is crystalline. JP-A 149322/2000 discloses that overwriting of the as-deposited recording layer is enabled by the provision of the crystallization-inducing layer. JP-A 149322/2000 also indicates that, surface of a crystalline thin film generally function as crystallization nuclei when the crystalline thin film is provided in contact with an amorphous thin film, and JP-A 149322/2000 makes use of this function. JP-A 149322/2000 indicate use of cerium oxide and zinc sulfide for the crystallization-inducing layer, and also, use of a ternary alloy comprising Ge, Sb and Te such as Ge2Sb2Te5 and a ternary alloy comprising In, Sb and Te for the recording layer.
SPIE Vol. 3401,24-32 and JP-A 195747/1994 disclose that crystallization speed of the phase change layer can be increased by providing a layer of germanium nitride or silicon nitride in contact with the phase change layer having the composition near Ge2Sb2Te5.
As described above, it has been known to provide a layer in contact with the recording layer for the purpose of promoting the crystallization of the recording layer. The inventors of the present invention, however, found that the crystallization-promoting layers used in the prior art as described above were often insufficient in promoting the crystallization, or caused excessive influence in the heat transfer in the medium to invite partial amorphizing of the region which should be crystallized. In addition, the recording layer of the prior art medium was often constituted from a plurality of layers and the initialization was promoted by mixing or reacting of such layers. In such a case, the crystallization-promoting effects were lost once the recording layer was initialized, and the erasing (recrystallization) speed of the amorphous record marks could not be increased.
The present invention has been completed in view of such situation, and an object of the present invention is to provide a medium having a phase change recording layer wherein crystallization of the recording layer is facilitated, and at the same time, wherein the region to be crystallized can be crystallized at an accurate dimension.
Such objects are attained by the present invention as described in (1) to (5), below.
(1) An optical recording medium having a recording layer comprising at least one phase change layer and at least one functional layer in contact with said phase change layer, wherein
the phase change layer is amorphous in its as-deposited state, and crystals having Fm3m structure or R3m structure are produced upon crystallization of the phase change layer, and
the functional layer is crystalline in its as-deposited state containing crystals having Fm3m structure, and the material constituting the functional layer is the one which exhibits a thermal conductivity of 0.03 to 5 W/cmK as measured in thin film form of 100 nm thick.
(2) An optical recording medium having a recording layer comprising at least one phase change layer and at least one functional layer in contact with said phase change layer, wherein
the phase change layer is amorphous in its as-deposited state, and crystals having Fm3m structure or R3m structure are produced upon crystallization of the phase change layer, and
the functional layer is crystalline in its as-deposited state containing crystals having Fm3m structure, and the functional layer contains at least one element selected from Al, Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, Pd, Pt and Rh as its main component at a content of 60 to 100 atom %, and the functional layer is free from metal elements of Groups 15(Vb) and 16(VIb).
(3) An optical recording medium according to the above (1) or (2) wherein said phase change layer has a composition in atomic ratio of:
(SbxTe1xe2x88x92x)1xe2x88x92yMyxe2x80x83xe2x80x83(I)
wherein M represents elements other than Sb and Te, and x and y satisfy the relations:
0.55xe2x89xa6xxe2x89xa60.90,
and
0xe2x89xa6yxe2x89xa60.25.
(4) An optical recording method for recording the optical recording medium of any one of the above (1) to (3), wherein crystalline record marks are formed by irradiating the amorphous phase change layer with a single laser beam whose intensity is modulated.
(5) An optical recording method for recording the optical recording medium of any one of the above (1) to (3), wherein amorphous record marks are formed by irradiating the crystalline phase change layer with a single laser beam whose intensity is modulated.

Optical recording medium and optical recording method therefor


The disclosure provides complexes comprising targeting units, methods for their production, and methods for their use. In some embodiments, complexes comprise therapeutic agents complexed with targeting units. In some embodiments, complexes comprise cells complexed with targeting units. In view of the foregoing, there is a need for improved modalities for targeting of therapeutics, in the area of immunotherapy and others. The present disclosure addresses these needs, and provides additional advantages as well.

Inefficient targeting of therapeutics is associated with side-effects from off-target activity, and/or poor if any therapeutic efficacy. One area in which targeting is particularly important is immunotherapy, which holds promise as a treatment modality for cancer and infectious disease, among others. Conventional immunotherapy generally involves activating or augmenting a subject's immune system to recognize or more effectively respond to a disease agent. Current approaches include the isolation, activation, expansion, and reintroduction of a subject's T-cells. However, this entire process is both laborious and time-consuming. Cell-expansion processes are limited by the number of cells in a starting sample that recognize a target of interest, if T-cells can even be made to recognize the target in the first place. Expansion to a therapeutically relevant population of target-specific T-cells from a single clone may take months. Moreover, the need for relatively short-lived accessory cells in this process imposes the further need for a replenishing source of such cells, and is accompanied by an increased risk of contamination, such as in the case when the accessory cells carry a virus. Limitations such as these reduce the potential of immunotherapy to treat various conditions, such as cancer.
There are about 200 different types of cancer. Cancers can start in any type of body tissue and can metastasize from one body tissue to another. There are many different causes of cancer and these include; carcinogens, age, genetic mutations, immune system problems, diet, weight, lifestyle, environmental factors such as pollutants, some viruses for example the human papilloma virus (HPV) is implicated in cervical cancer and some bacterial infections are also known to cause cancers. There are many different treatment options for cancer and the treatment sought is often determined by the type and stage of the cancer. Treatment options include; chemotherapeutic drug treatment, hormonal drug treatment, radiotherapy, surgery, complementary therapies and combinations thereof. However, some cancers still have poor prognosis and treatment options.
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), for example, is the most common type of leukemia in adults, with more than 12,000 new AML cases being reported each year and 9,000 associated deaths occurring annually in the United States. Surgery and radiation therapy have very limited roles in the treatment of this type of cancer because the leukemia cells spread widely throughout the bone marrow and to many other organs. With appropriate induction and consolidation therapy, 60%-70% of adults with AML can be expected to achieve a complete remission. However, the remission tends to be shorter in older patients and relapse is common. Patients with relapsed leukemia have an especially poor prognosis, with a long term disease-free survival rate of only 5-10% without hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. There is currently no standard treatment for patients with relapsed AML, but for a time the most promising drug was a monoclonal antibody drug conjugate, Gemtuzumab. This drug was approved by FDA in 2000 as a single agent for AML patients over 60 years of age who were experiencing their first relapse, or those who were not considered candidates for standard chemotherapy. Unfortunately, Gemtuzumab failed to show evidence of efficacy in the post-approval trial, and was associated with significant hepatotoxicity. It was later withdrawn from the market in 2010. This currently limits the treatment options for relapsed AML patients to hematopoietic stem cell transplants (if one has not already been performed), arsenic trioxide (for the acute promyelocytic leukemia subtype only), participation in clinical trials, or palliative care.
Typical cell-based immunotherapy alternative approaches involve generating immune cells (activated T cells or natural killer cells) that can circulate long enough in patients to engage and destroy cancer cells through their natural cytotoxicity pathways. Some of these approaches involve cancer vaccines, and others involve the genetic engineering of the immune cells to recognize leukemia biomarkers and the use of bispecific antibody T cell conjugates. However, these approaches also have significant limitations, such as substantial production costs and limited number of bispecific antibodies on the surface of cells.

Biological complexes and methods for using same


A tamper resistant structure has a pattern which covers portions of an IC but exposes other portions of the IC so that etching away the tamper resistant structure destroys the exposed portions. The IC can not be easily disassembled and reverse engineered because the tamper resistant structure hides active circuitry and removing the tamper resistant structure destroys active circuitry. One embodiment of the tamper resistant structure includes a metal layer and a cap layer. The cap layer typically includes material that is difficult to remove, such as silicon carbide, silicon nitride, or aluminum nitride. The metal layer typically includes a chemically resistant material such as gold or platinum. A bonding layer of nickel-vanadium alloy, titanium-tungsten alloy, chromium, or molybdenum, may be used to provide stronger bonds between layers. Some embodiments provide an anti-corrosion seals for bonding pads in addition to the tamper residant structure. The seals and tamper resistant structures are formed using the same materials and processing steps. The choice of pattern which covers and exposes different portions of the IC can be random or tailored to the active circuitry. The pattern can be the same for every chip or different for every chip formed from a wafer.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to structures which prevent tampering with or reverse engineering of integrated circuits.
2. Description of Related Art
Integrated circuit (IC) manufacturers and users have several reasons for wanting to protect the contents of ICs. Some manufacturers would like to stop reverse engineering and copying of circuit designs. Some users would like to prevent copying or changing of software and information stored in ICs. In either case, there is a need to provide structures on ICs that make disassembly and reverse engineering more difficult.
One method of reverse engineering is successively removing layers from an IC and examining the structure of each layer as it is exposed. Since adjacent layers in a IC often have different chemical properties, chemical processes can be chosen that remove the top layer but leave underlying layers intact. In this way, the layers of an IC can in effect be peeled off and the IC's structure determined.
Stored information can also be determined by disassembling an IC either determining structure or measuring stored charge. In EPROMs, E.sup.2 PROMS, and similar ICs, information and software is stored as trapped electrical charge. If layers of an IC can be removed without significantly changing trapped charges, the information or software contained in the IC can be copied or changed.
The prior art has not provided a tamperproof IC which prevents reverse engineering or tampering with stored information. Structures are needed which make reverse engineering of ICs and tampering with ICs more difficult.

Tamper resistant integrated circuit structure


This invention includes a cover for a rechargeable battery to facilitate charging. The invention provides a means for coupling a charging plug and battery having different mechanical form factors. Hence, when a battery is inserted into the cover, the charging plug may mechanically couple to the cover, allowing power terminals on the charging plug to engage charging contacts on the battery.

1. Technical Field
This invention relates generally to rechargeable batteries and more specifically to the field of removable covers for rechargeable batteries.
2. Background Art
Many outdoorsmen use two-way radios to communicate. Most two-way radios, as well as many other portable electronic devices, employ rechargeable batteries as the primary power source. When the consumer buys a radio, there is generally a charger that mates to the radio. When the charger is coupled to the radio, the battery within begins charging.
Other radios include desktop stands in which the radio sits. These desktop stands generally include a form-fitted pocket for the radio. When the radio is placed in the pocket, the battery begins charging.
Often the shape, or xe2x80x9cform-factorxe2x80x9d of the radio is quite different from that of the radio. For example, the battery may be rectangular while the radio is rounded so as to fit in the hand more easily. Consequently, a charger or desktop stand designed to mate with the radio will not mate with the battery. If a user wants to charge two batteries, he must insert one in the radio and couple the radio to the charger or desktop stand. Once that battery is charged, he must remove it, insert the second battery into the radio, and couple the radio to the charger or desktop stand. This serial charging process is slow and tedious.
There is thus a need for a means of charging a battery without an electronic host device.


A touch display panel and a touch display device are provided. The touch display panel, comprising an array substrate and a color filter substrate are cell-assembled, and a liquid crystal layer positioned between the array substrate and the color filter substrate. The array substrate includes a first substrate, a black matrix layer, a touch sensing layer, a first electrode layer and a pixel electrode layer are sequentially positioned, the pixel electrode layer is nearby the liquid crystal layer, the first substrate layer is positioned on a side of the pixel electrode which far away the liquid crystal layer. The touch display panel using the first substrate for controlling the touch display panel displays image while touch, the touch electrode field and driving electrode file in the touch display panel are not effect to each other, such that avoids to decrease resolution of touch display panel.

With technologies improved every day, display device is widely applied to human's life, and has higher requirement for resolution of display device. Touch display device has fast development, the currently mainstream product using Add on touch panel structure. Therefore, the traditional Add on touch panel has heavy and thick structure, high cost, with requirement of thinning the display device for consumers. In Cell liquid crystal panel become an important direction of touch display filed.
In Cell touch display panel is generally indicating the driving electrode and the sensing electrode are also designed into the inner structure of the liquid crystal cell. In the present In Cell touch display panel, the touch testing function and display function are usually sharing a common electrode, in order to avoid affect the image display effect by the changing the touch voltage, the touch testing function and display function usually alternative changing by time, such that touch driving panel using time sharing driving. For example, while the 60 Hz product driving by time-sharing, in a frame time of 16.7 ms, about 12 ms for displays, 4 ms for achieving touch function. If using the time-sharing to drive touch panel in a frame time, it needs to share partial time for achieving touch function, it causes display time not enough such that display charging cannot be saturated under high resolution. It decreases display property (such as resolution).

Touch display panel and touch display device

WUHAN CHINA STAR OPTOELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.


A baseball swing training device includes a rear foot pivot limiting mechanism, wherein the rear foot pivoting mechanism includes a rotating element and a rotation limiting element. The rear foot pivot limiting mechanism may be adapted to limit the rotation of a user's pivot foot to a prescribed degree of rotation and communicate to the user when the prescribed degree of rotation has been completed. The baseball swing device may further include a foldable base including two positions at which the adjustable rear foot pivot limiting mechanism may be implemented, wherein the first position is adapted for use by a right handed hitter and the second position is adapted for use by a left handed hitter.

The present subject matter relates generally to a baseball swing training device. More specifically, the present invention relates to a baseball swing training device for teaching back foot pivot technique.
In baseball, swing mechanics are the foundation of a player's skill set. A player may improve his or her game by consistently practicing proper swing mechanics. A training aid can improve a player's swing mechanics when the aid guides the player to practice consistently correct mechanics.
Swing mechanics are engrained into a player's muscle memory through repetition of the movements used during the swing. Accordingly, the more closely the training aid simulates or accommodates natural swing conditions, the more effective it may be building muscle memory.
The rear pivot foot is critical to the baseball swing. At the moment of impact in the swing, the rear foot braces the player against the force of the ball. When the rear foot is pivoted to a proper position, the player is able to impart a more forceful hit. Either under-pivoting or over-pivoting reduces the player's ability to impart his or her full strength into the ball.
Accordingly, a need exists for a baseball swing training device that teaches the user back foot pivot technique without interrupting the player's swing.


One or more efficacious electrode combinations for delivering electrical stimulation therapy to a patient may be selected based on the delivery of electrical stimulation to the patient via a predefined set of test electrode combinations in a predetermined order. In some examples, the electrode combinations of the set are arranged in the predetermined order such that adjacent electrode combinations in the order include at least one shared anode electrode or cathode electrode. In addition, the electrode combinations in the predetermined order may define a predetermined sequence of electrode patterns, each electrode pattern defining a relative arrangement between one or more anodes and one or more cathodes of the respective electrode pattern. In some examples, the transition between electrode combinations in the predefined set is achieved by incrementally adjusting at least one of anodic amplitudes assigned to active anode electrodes or cathodic amplitudes assigned to active cathode electrodes.

Medical devices, such as electrical stimulators, may be used in different therapeutic applications, such as deep brain stimulation (DBS), spinal cord stimulation (SCS), pelvic stimulation, gastric stimulation, peripheral nerve stimulation, functional electrical stimulation. A medical device may be configured to deliver therapy to a patient to treat a variety of symptoms or patient conditions such as chronic pain, tremor, Parkinson's disease, other types of movement disorders, seizure disorders (e.g., epilepsy), urinary or fecal incontinence, sexual dysfunction, obesity, mood disorders, gastroparesis or diabetes. In some therapy systems, an
or external electrical stimulator delivers electrical therapy to a target tissue site within a patient with the aid of one or more electrodes, which may be deployed by medical leads.
During a programming session, a clinician may select one or more therapy programs (which may also referred to as therapy parameter sets) that provide efficacious therapy to the patient, where each therapy program may define values for a set of therapy parameters. A medical device may deliver therapy to a patient according to one or more stored therapy programs. In the case of electrical stimulation, the therapy parameters may define characteristics of the electrical stimulation waveform to be delivered and the electrode combination with which the electrical stimulation is delivered. In examples in which electrical stimulation is delivered in the form of electrical pulses, for example, the therapy parameters may include an electrode combination, an amplitude, which may be a current or voltage amplitude, a pulse width, and a pulse rate.

Identification of electrode combination for efficacious electrical stimulation therapy


A printing apparatus includes: a first printing unit group, a second printing unit group, a turnover unit and a control unit controlling the path change unit. The control unit controls the path change unit so that a difference is as small as possible between the length of the path along which the printing medium is transported from at least one printing unit of the first printing unit group to several printing units of the second printing unit group via the turnover unit and the length of the path along which the printing medium is transported from another printing unit of the first printing unit group to several printing units of the second printing unit group via the turnover unit.

1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to a printing apparatus including printing units capable of executing printing on a print surface of a printing medium and allowing the printing units to execute the printing in parallel.
2. Related Art
There is known a printing apparatus including a plurality of printing units capable of executing printing on a print surface of a printing medium and allowing the printing units to execute the printing in parallel. For example, there is a printing apparatus which includes a plurality of printing units arranged in a vertical direction and a unit discharging a printing medium discharged from the printing units to a common sheet receiver (for example, see JP-A-8-211673). The printing apparatus is capable of causing the plurality of printing units to simultaneously print a plurality of printing media in parallel when continuously printing the plurality of printing media. According to the known technique, it is possible to improve throughput of the printing apparatus.
The printing apparatus including a turnover unit turning over the front and rear surfaces of the printing medium is capable of executing printing on the front and rear surface of the printing medium. Therefore, by disposing the turnover unit in the printing apparatus including the plurality of printing units capable of executing the printing on the print surface of the printing medium and allowing the printing units to execute the printing in parallel, the printing apparatus can realize the printing on both sides of the printing medium at a high speed. While one printing unit executes the printing on the rear surface of the printing medium after the printing on the front surface of the printing medium, another printing unit can execute the printing on the front surface of the next printing medium in parallel. Therefore, the printing can be executed on both surfaces of the printing medium more efficiently.
However, the length of a transport path of the printing medium between the printing units is different depending on how the printing unit used when executing front surface printing and the printing unit used when executing rear surface printing are selected. Completing the printing on both surfaces of the printing medium tends to be more time-consuming, as the transport path of the printing medium between the printing units becomes longer. Therefore, in order to execute the printing on both surfaces of the plurality of printing media simultaneously, a bottleneck may occur in the printing medium transported along the longest path between the printing units. Therefore, the improvement in throughput may not be achieved.


The present invention provides a display device which can reduce reflected light reflected on the respective surfaces of a display panel and a protective plate, even if the protective plate is disposed on the surface of the display panel, without employing a complicated structure and without degrading display quality. The display device includes: a display panel; and a protective plate disposed facing the display panel. The protective plate has a protective base material and a first polarizer, the display panel has a second polarizer of which a polarization axis is parallel to that of the first polarizer, and light passing between the first polarizer and the second polarizer is linearly polarized light.

For a surface of a display panel, such as a cathode ray tube (CRT) display panel, liquid crystal display (LCD) panel, plasma display panel (PDP) and electro-luminescence (EL) display panel, various functions, including a scratch prevention function and a contamination prevention function, are required. Liquid crystal alignment defects may be generated when, for example, the liquid crystal display panel is subjected to an external impacts. Therefore in order to prevent scratches and contamination, and protect from an external impact, in some cases a protective plate is disposed on the surface of the display panel.
If such a protective plate is disposed on the surface of the display panel, light is reflected not only on the surface of the liquid crystal display panel, but also on the surface of the protective plate, and a display may not be viewed well in a bright indoor location or an outdoor location. In particular, in the case when structure of the protective plate becomes complicated by attaching such a function as a touch panel thereto, light reflection quantity tends to increase because of the structure of the protective plate. To prevent this, means for reducing light reflection from the protective plate by disposing a circularly polarizing plate for the protective plate has been disclosed (e.g. see Patent Documents 1 to 3). The principle of reducing reflected light by the circularly polarizing plate is as follows.
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view schematically depicting a configuration of a conventional liquid crystal display device on which a circularly polarizing plate is disposed for a protective plate. As FIG. 8 shows, an example of means for reducing reflection of light due to the structure of the protective plate is to use a liquid crystal display device having a touch panel with a circularly polarizing plate 101 on the surface of the liquid crystal panel. In FIG. 8, the touch panel with a circularly polarizing plate 101 is disposed on the observation surface side of the liquid crystal panel 102. The liquid crystal panel 102 has a lower polarizer 133, lower substrate 122, liquid crystal layer 151, upper substrate 121 and upper polarizer 132, which are stacked in this order toward the observation surface. The touch panel with a circularly polarizing plate 101 is disposed on the observation surface side of the liquid crystal panel 102, and includes a touch panel 111, a λ/4 plate 181 and a polarizer 131, which are stacked in this order toward the observation surface. The light that has passed through the stack structure of the polarizer 131 and the λ/4 plate 181 is converted to a circularly polarized light. The stack structure of the polarizer 131 and λ/4 plate 181 is normally called a circularly polarizing plate 191.
The external light (natural light) entered the touch panel with a circularly polarizing plate 101 passes through the polarizer 131 first, and is then converted to linearly polarized light vibrating in one direction, and then passes through the λ/4 plate 181, so that the linearly polarized light is converted to circularly polarized light rotating in one direction (the rotation of the circularly polarized light at this time is assumed to be counterclockwise when viewed from the direction facing the traveling direction). Some of the components, out of the converted circularly polarized light, are reflected on the surface of the touch panel 111 and the surface of the liquid crystal panel 102, and travel backward toward the outside. The circularly polarized light reflected on the surface of the touch panel 111 and the surface of the liquid crystal panel 102 travels in a reverse direction while maintaining the same rotating direction, so it becomes clockwise circularly polarized light when viewed from a direction facing the travel direction. The clockwise circularly polarized light passes through the λ/4 plate again, and is converted to the linearly polarized light again. The vibration direction of the converted linearly polarized light changes to a direction orthogonal to the vibration direction of the incident linearly polarized light. Since the polarizer allows transmitting only light vibrating in one predetermined direction (in this case the vibrating direction of incident linearly polarized light), the light reflected on the surface of the liquid crystal panel 102 in the touch panel 111 is blocked by the polarizer 131, is not emitted to the outside, and is not recognized as reflected light.
In this way, the configuration of the circularly polarizing plate 191 permits the reduction of the reflected light, but the above-mentioned configuration alone is insufficient for the light that has passed through the liquid crystal panel 102. This is because the light that has passed through the liquid crystal panel 102 passes through the λ/4 plate 181 only once, after passing through the liquid crystal panel 102, and by passing through the polarizer 131 after passing through the λ/4 plate 181, transmitted light is greatly reduced and transmittance, which is critical for a display, drops. Therefore according to a conventional liquid crystal display device, a λ/4 plate 182 having an optical axis in a direction orthogonal to the optical axis of the λ/4 plate 181 of the touch panel with a circularly polarizing plate 101, is disposed between the liquid crystal panel 102 and the touch panel 101 with a circularly polarizing plate in the liquid crystal display device, whereby the phase difference of transmitted light is adjusted, and light that has passed through the liquid crystal panel 102 can be emitted to the outside, without dropping the transmittance due to the polarizer 131 of the touch panel with a circularly polarizing plate 101. This principle is also used for an organic EL display panel (e.g. see Patent Document 4).    [Patent Document 1] Japanese Kokai Publication No. H10-48625    [Patent Document 2] Japanese Kokai Publication No. 2002-72214    [Patent Document 3] Japanese Kokai Publication No. 2002-148592    [Patent Document 4] Japanese Kokai Publication No. 2002-311239
However in order to add a function of the circularly polarizing plate to the protective plate, a new λ/4 plate must be fabricated, whereby a certain degree of antireflection effect may be obtained, but adding the λ/4 plate may cause such problems as deterioration of the field of view from the diagonal direction with respect to the display surface of the display panel, and the generation of a certain tint on the display.


A color electrophoretic display including a plurality of cells each containing electrophoretic particles. Each of the cells in the plurality is capable of displaying at least one of three selected primary colors, when the particles in the cell are moved from a first rest position to a second display position on the cell. An electrode is coupled to each of the cells and is operative when biased to move the particles from the first rest position to the second display position thereby displaying primary colors in the second display position and causing the display to provide full color capability according to particle position in the cells.

The electrophoretic effect is well known in the art as evidenced by the many patents and articles which describe this effect. In essence, the electrophoretic effect operates on the principle that when certain particles are electrically charged to a particular polarity, the charged particles will migrate away from a surface charged to the same polarity as the particles and toward a surface charged to a polarity which opposite to that of the charged particles. For example, particles which are positively charged will migrate away from a positively charged surface and towards a negatively charged surface.
Display devices which utilize the electrophoretic effect are commonly known as electrophoretic image displays (EPIDs). EPIDs are very well known in the art. The following patents issued to Frank J. Disanto and Denis A. Krusos, and assigned to Copytele, Inc., the assignee herein, are illustrative of such EPIDs.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,655,897 entitled ELECTROPHORETIC DISPLAY PANELS AND ASSOCIATED METHODS, describes an electrophoretic display apparatus comprising an XY matrix of grid and cathode lines, an anode electrode spaced from the grid and cathode matrix, and an electrophoretic dispersion. The patent describes techniques for making such displays as well as suitable dispersions for use with such displays.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,732,830 entitled ELECTROPHORETIC DISPLAY PANELS AND ASSOCIATED METHODS, describes methods for making electrophoretic displays as well as describing display construction and operation.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,742,345 entitled ELECTROPHORETIC DISPLAY PANEL APPARATUS AND METHODS THEREFOR, describes improved electrophoretic display panels exhibiting improved alignment and contrast with circuitry for implementing the same as well as methods for providing such a panel.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,746,917 entitled METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR OPERATING ELECTROPHORETIC DISPLAYS BETWEEN A DISPLAY AND A NON-DISPLAY MODE, describes various biasing techniques for operating electrophoretic displays to provide writing, erasing as well as operating the display during a display and non-display mode.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,772,820 entitled MONOLITHIC FLAT PANEL DISPLAY APPARATUS, describes methods and apparatus for fabricating flat panel displays employing electrophoretic principles to enable such displays to be biased and driven by additional circuitry.
The electrophoretic fluids used in EPIDs typically comprise white, light, or dark colored dielectric particles which are suspended in an optically contrasting fluid medium which is either clear or dark-colored, depending upon the color of the particles. See U.S. Pat. No. 5,360,689 entitled COLORED POLYMERIC DIELECTRIC PARTICLES AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURE, issued to Hou et al., which describes black electrophoretic and light-colored electrophoretic particles formed from crystalline polymer particles using a dispersion polymerization technique. In accordance with the electrophoretic effect described above, the electrophoretic particles in the suspension liquids are caused to selectively migrate to, and impinge upon, a transparent screen electrode, thereby displacing the fluid medium from the screen and creating the desired image.
EPIDs have many advantages over other types of flat panel displays. One advantage is that EPIDs use materials which are relatively inexpensive and thus, makes them less costly to manufacture. Another advantage of EPIDs is that the image formed on the screen remains even when power is removed. When the electrophoretic particles or dye particles are caused to move to form an image, the image will not erase and remains on the display even upon removing of power. Hence the image must be erased in the same manner as it was created, by application to the device of an electric field of opposite polarity. Thus, EPIDs have a built-in memory in the sense that the images created by the displays do not have to be refreshed such as those images produced by CRT's and other types of displays.
One drawback associated with most prior art electrophoretic displays is that they are monochromatic. This drawback severely limits the number of applications where EPIDs can be employed. Accordingly, there is a need for a multi-color EPID which is capable of reliable operation and which is economical to fabricate.

Multi-color electrophoretic image display


Antineoplastic taxol derivatives are derived by selective oxidation of the alkene portion of the side chain of cephalomannine. The derivative displays high activity in promoting assembly of microtubulin and also displays cytotoxic activity against malignant cells.

Taxol, 1, a material occurring in nature, and extracted from Taxus brevifolia (i.e., the Pacific yew tree) and other biomass has been identified as having significant tubulin binding (Schiff, P. B. et al., "Promotion of Microtubule Assembly in vitro by Taxol," Nature, Vol. 277:665-67 (February 1979)) and, when delivered to the cell, cytotoxic activity which has been demonstrated through Phase III clinical trials. Taxol was recently approved for the treatment of refractory ovarian cancer by the Food and Drug Administration.
Taxotere, 2, a semisynthetic derivative of taxol with improved water solubility, has been compared with taxol in Phase I clinical trials. Taxotere is slightly more active as a promoter of tubulin polymerization, 1.5-fold more potent as an inhibitor of replication in mouse macrophage-like J774.2 cells and in P388 murine leukemia cells, and at least fivefold more potent in taxol resistant tumor cells (Pazdur, R. et al., "Phase I Trial of Taxotere: Five-Day Schedule", Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 1781, (1992)). The structural differences between taxol 1 and taxotere 2 are minor (see FIG. 1), yet enhanced in vitro tubulin binding activity is observed for taxotere.
Consequently, it is difficult to predict the relative potency of a taxol analogue for microtubulin polymerization activity based on small changes in the overall structure. An examination of Kingston's Review, (Kingston, D. G. I., "The Chemistry of Taxol", Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 52:1-34, (1991)), provides an overall view of the complexity of the structure-activity relationship of taxol analogues. It is clear that minor structural changes can cause major changes in tubulin binding activity and cytotoxicity. These changes can even completely eliminate activity. In addition, other factors such as greater water solubility and lower toxicity exist, which must be strongly considered when evaluating the efficacious nature of therapeutic agents.
The novel synthetic taxol derivatives described herein have not heretofore been described nor has the literature suggested that such new derivatives would exhibit tubulin assembly or advantageous cytotoxic activity.


A locking system comprising a block made of a polymer substance having an upper surface and a lower surface. In a normal condition, the block has the following structure. A bore, having a first axis, extends through the block and passes through the upper surface and the lower surface, the bore being shaped to include a taper, whereby an upper end of the bore has a larger diameter than a lower end of the bore, and the bore has an internal surface that is smooth. And, a slot, having a second axis, extends through the block and passes through the upper surface and the lower surface, the slot having a generally planar configuration with a width and a thickness, the slot being positioned such that the first axis and the second axis are co-axial, whereby the slot and the bore form a single continuous opening extending through the block.

This invention relates to a method and device for securing two objects together using a retainer and bolt system, in which the retainer is designed to be engaged with the bolt at extremely high operator speed, and with a high level of strength in the resulting connection between retainer and bolt.
Systems of securing two objects together using a nut and bolt are well known, and have been in use for many decades. Typically, the bolt has an elongate shaft that is provided with an external helical thread. A head of the bolt is positioned on one side of a first object. The nut has an elongate bore that is provided with an internal helical thread designed to exactly mate with the external thread of the bolt. The nut is positioned on an opposite side of a second object. By rotating the bolt within the nut (or by rotating the nut around the outside of the bolt), the head of the nut and the bolt are pulled towards each other, thereby pulling the first object towards, and into contact with, the second object. When the objects are joined with the desired force, the operator leaves the nut and bolt in position. The threads do not unwind because of frictional forces between the threads preventing movement.
However, problems persist in certain fields of the art of securing objects with a nut and a bolt. Because both nut and bolt are relatively small objects, it is frequently difficult for an operator to start the threading process in situations where space is limited, and it is difficult to insert and manipulate the hands. Further, rotating the nut and bolt can be a time consuming process, even where an automatic tool such as an electric drill is used for rotation. In this case, the operator must insert a socket over the head of the bolt (typically a hex-head arrangement) and then spend time running the electric drill while the bolt is advanced into the nut. Where there are many hundreds or even thousands of bolts to install into mating nuts, this process may consume an unacceptable amount of time.
Thus, there is a need in the art to provide a high speed system for connecting two objects together, with a high degree of speed, to produce a strong connection—and also, to allow that the system permits a disconnection at a later stage without damaging the system. The present invention addresses these and other needs.


A grease tube defined by a deformable body, including a forward tube nozzle and a key member to effect a winding and pressurizing of the body, with a dispensing nozzle selectively and securably mounted in a threaded inter-relationship to a forward nozzle of the tube body. Modifications of the invention include a matrix of roughened projections, or alternatively a matrix of suction cups integrally cast to the tube body to enhance frictional engagement of the tube during pressurizing thereof.

1. Field of the Invention
The field of invention relates to grease dispensing apparatus, and more particularly pertains to a new and improved disposable grease tube wherein the same utilizes a tube and nozzle arrangement to dispense grease into associated grease accepting portions of various relatively movable mechanical components.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Grease dispensing organizations of the prior art are typically of a relatively elaborate, mechanical linkage association to effect pressurizing of grease to be dispensed therefrom. The instant invention attempts to overcome deficiencies of the prior art by providing a conveniently transported and configured tube dispensing arrangement wherein the same permits disposal of the tube subsequent to dispensing of grease therefrom. Examples of the prior art include U.S. Pat. No. 1,437,169 to Critchlow utilizing an elongate cylinder with a rotatable boss directed therethrough to effect projection of a plunger throughout the cylinder to pressurize the cylinder and effect lubricant flow therefrom.
U.S. Pat. No. 1,591,038 to Hill sets forth a grease gun arrangement utilizing a plunger member to effect pressurizing of grease from the grease gun of the organization.
U.S. Pat. No. 1,602,543 to Martin utilizes a grease gun with a piston mounted to a threaded boss, wherein the threaded boss is longitudinally directed through the grease gun body to effect pressurizing of the body and discharge of grease therefrom.
U.S. Pat. No. 1,690,400 to Carr utilizes a lubricating, generally cylindrical body, utilizing a plunger to effect pressurizing of the body.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,298,144 to Pressl sets forth a grease gun utilizing a linkage member to effect levering and mechanical advantage in pressurizing of grease within the grease gun container body to effect discharge of grease therefrom.
As such, it may be appreciated that there continues to be a need for a new and improved disposable grease tube wherein the same addresses both the problems of ease of use, as well as effectiveness in construction in directing a flow of grease from a disposable grease dispensing tube and this respect, the present invention substantially fulfills this need.