A method for manufacturing a hot-rolled steel sheet having a large thickness and a large width, a larger sheet width and a lower temperature can stably be cut at a cutting load equal to that of a conventional steel sheet having a usual sheet thickness, a usual sheet width and a usual temperature. In a rough rolling step, the steel sheet is formed so that the shortest length L (mm) from a concave portion bottom to a convex portion top of the fishtail shape satisfies Equation (1) mentioned below, and an intermediate portion between the concave portion bottom and the convex portion top, defined as a desired cutting location, is cut:(2X+30)≤L≤300  (1),in which X is a maximum deviation (mm) of the cutting location of a crop cutting machine and 0≤X≤90.

In general, on a finish rolling machine inlet side of a line for manufacturing a hot-rolled steel sheet (hereinafter referred to also as a hot strip mill), there is performed cutting of unsteady deformed portions called crop portions formed at a front end and a rear end of a steel sheet (a sheet bar or an intermediate material) in a steel sheet conveying direction (which is also a rolling direction) in a rough rolling step to stabilize steel sheet conveyance (also referred to as sheet passing) during finish rolling. The front end of the steel sheet in the conveying direction and the rear end thereof in the conveying direction are deformed into various shapes by width reduction of a sizing press, width rolling of a width rolling machine, horizontal rolling of a rough rolling machine and the like. FIGS. 1A to 1D illustrate examples of an outline (a planar shape) of the crop portion when each of the front end and the rear end of the steel sheet in the conveying direction are seen from above. A shape of FIG. 1A is called a fishtail and a shape of FIG. 1B is called a tongue. In the tongue shape, a central portion of the steel sheet in a width direction projects in the conveying direction to both ends of the steel sheet in the width direction. In the fishtail shape, both the ends of the steel sheet in the width direction project in the conveying direction to the central portion thereof in the width direction.
In the present description, a portion A illustrated in FIG. 1A is a concave portion bottom of the fishtail shape and a portion B is a convex portion top of the fishtail shape. Furthermore, a length from the concave portion bottom (the portion A) to the convex portion top (the portion B) of the fishtail shape is also referred to as a fishtail length. Furthermore, in a case where the fishtail shape is asymmetrical and right and left fishtails have different lengths, the smaller length of the two lengths is defined as the fishtail length. Depending on conditions of the rough rolling step, the planar shape of the crop portion also becomes such an asymmetric shape as illustrated in FIG. 1C or FIG. 1D in which both sides of the steel sheet in the width direction are asymmetric to the center thereof in the width direction. When this crop portion of the asymmetrical shape in the width direction is formed at the front end or the rear end of the steel sheet in the conveying direction and the steel sheet is passed through the finish rolling machine, an unbalanced load would be generated in a finish rolling roller in the steel sheet width direction, and as a result, there is the possibility that the steel sheet meanders during the finish rolling.
Furthermore, at the front end of the steel sheet in the conveying direction, heat is released from four surfaces of a most distal surface in the conveying direction, an end surface in the width direction, an upper surface and a lower surface, a temperature of the front end therefore noticeably drops, and the temperature becomes lower than that of a steady portion. This front end of the steel sheet in the conveying direction at which the temperature is low has a large deformation resistance, and therefore becomes a cause for a biting defect in the finish rolling machine. Furthermore, at the rear end of the steel sheet in the conveying direction, heat is released from four surfaces of a most proximal surface in the conveying direction, the end surface in the width direction, the upper surface and the lower surface, a temperature of the rear end therefore noticeably drops, and the temperature becomes lower than that of the steady portion. This rear end of the steel sheet in the conveying direction at which the temperature is low also has a large deformation resistance, and during the finish rolling, squeezing of the steel sheet easily occurs. As described above, after end of the rough rolling step and before the finish rolling, there is performed cutting of the crop portions of the front end of the steel sheet in the conveying direction and the rear end thereof in the conveying direction. The cutting of the crop portions are performed with a crop cutting machine (also referred to as a crop shear). When the crop portions of the front end of the steel sheet in the conveying direction and the rear end thereof in the conveying direction are cut, there can be obtained effects such as prevention of the meandering of the steel sheet in the finish rolling, stabilization of the biting of the steel sheet and prevention of the squeezing of the steel sheet.
Furthermore, in the cutting of the crop portions of the front end of the steel sheet in the conveying direction and the rear end thereof in the conveying direction, a cutting load noticeably varies with a type of hot-rolled steel sheet (product) to be manufactured. In recent years, an increasingly demanded steel sheet for a line pipe material has also been manufactured in the line for manufacturing the hot-rolled steel sheet (the hot strip mill). In this manufacturing of the hot-rolled steel sheet for the line pipe material, the cutting load of the crop cutting machine in the cutting of the crop portions of the front end of the steel sheet in the conveying direction and the rear end thereof in the conveying direction remarkably increases as compared with conventional manufacturing of a usual hot-rolled steel sheet. For the line pipe material, there are required specifications of high strength and extra thickness from the viewpoint of highly efficient transport of crude oil, natural gas or the like. Furthermore, a pipeline is also laid in a seismic zone, and hence high tenacity is also required for the line pipe material. Consequently, in the case where the hot-rolled steel sheet for the line pipe material is manufactured in the line for manufacturing the hot-rolled steel sheet (the hot strip mill), there are points to consider as follows.
The first point is a sheet thickness of the steel sheet. In the conventional hot-rolled steel sheet in which the thickness of the finish-rolled sheet is from about 2 to 4 mm, the sheet thickness of the intermediate material (the sheet bar) prior to the finish rolling is from 30 to 50 mm. On the other hand, in the case of the hot-rolled steel sheet for the line pipe material for which the high tenacity is required, control rolling called TMCP (thermo-mechanical control process) is performed to miniaturize a crystal structure, thereby acquiring the tenacity of the steel sheet, and in this case, it is necessary to increase a reduction ratio in the finish rolling. A product sheet thickness required in the hot-rolled steel sheet for the line pipe material is 20 mm or more and 30 mm or less, and further, for the purpose of obtaining the tenacity required for the line pipe material, a cumulative reduction ratio in the finish rolling needs to be at least 60%. That is, to manufacture the hot-rolled steel sheet for the line pipe material which has a sheet thickness of 20 mm in the line for manufacturing the hot-rolled steel sheet, the steel sheet of the intermediate material having a sheet thickness of 50 mm or more has to be finish-rolled. However, in the existing line for manufacturing the hot-rolled steel sheet, there is assumed the intermediate material of the usual steel sheet in which the sheet thickness of is from 30 to 50 mm, and a cutting load upper limit value of the crop cutting machine is specified in conformity to the conventional intermediate material sheet thickness. Therefore, to manufacture the hot-rolled steel sheet for the line pipe material in the existing line for manufacturing the hot-rolled steel sheet, there is required a technology of cutting the crop portion of the intermediate material having a sheet thickness of 50 mm or more with the existing crop cutting machine.
The second point to consider which is important in manufacturing the hot-rolled steel sheet for the line pipe material in the line for manufacturing the hot-rolled steel sheet (the hot strip mill) is a sheet width of the steel sheet (the intermediate material). There is also a case where the line pipe material is manufactured as a spiral steel tube. In this case, decreasing of welded portions of the steel tube as much as possible is more advantageous in terms of strength, and hence the hot-rolled steel sheet having a larger width is required as the pipe material. In general, the sheet width required as the hot-rolled steel sheet for the line pipe material is 1200 mm or more and 2100 mm or less, and it is necessary to cut the crop portion of the intermediate material having a sheet width of 1200 mm or more with the crop cutting machine.
The third point to consider which is important in manufacturing the hot-rolled steel sheet for the line pipe material in the line for manufacturing the hot-rolled steel sheet (the hot strip mill) is a temperature of the steel sheet (the intermediate material). For the purpose of obtaining the hot-rolled steel sheet having the high tenacity, the finish rolling has to be performed at a temperature of a non-recrystallizing region. Consequently, it is necessary to perform finish rolling by setting a sheet thickness center temperature of the steel sheet to 930° C. or less from the front end in the conveying direction to the rear end in the conveying direction. Therefore, when the crop portions of the front end of the steel sheet in the conveying direction and the rear end thereof in the conveying direction are cut, the temperature of each crop portion at a cutting location is also in the vicinity of 930° C. and becomes lower than that a temperature (about 1000° C.) of the usual steel sheet. Therefore, in the hot-rolled steel sheet for the line pipe material (the intermediate material), a cutting resistance value is higher and the cutting load increases as compared with the conventional steel sheet.
When the above-mentioned points to consider are taken together, the hot-rolled steel sheet for the line pipe material manufactured in the line for manufacturing the hot-rolled steel sheet (the hot strip mill) has a larger sheet thickness, a larger sheet width and a lower temperature, and in the crop cutting machine, the cutting load larger than that of the conventional hot-rolled steel sheet is applied to the hot-rolled steel sheet. Furthermore, the specifications of the existing crop cutting machine are designed in accordance with the heretofore manufactured conventional hot-rolled steel sheet, and hence for the purpose of manufacturing the hot-rolled steel sheet for the line pipe material without any noticeable equipment modification such as reinforcement of the crop cutting machine, a technique of cutting the steel sheet into a sheet thickness of 50 mm or more and a sheet width of 1200 mm or more and at a temperature of 930° C. or less is required also in the specifications of the existing crop cutting machine.
Concerning the cutting of the crop portions of the front end of the steel sheet in the conveying direction and the rear end thereof in the conveying direction on the inlet side of the finish rolling machine, various technologies have been suggested from the viewpoints of sheet passing properties in the finish rolling machine and decrease of yield loss. For example, in Patent Literature 1 mentioned below, there has been suggested a method of predicting a shape of the crop portion of the finish-rolled steel sheet from a shape of the crop portion of each of the front end of the steel sheet (the intermediate material) in the conveying direction and the rear end thereof in the conveying direction, evaluating an appearance of the steel sheet as the product, judging presence/absence of the crop portion to be cut, and automatically adjusting a cutting length. In this method, there is included a case where the crop portion of the fishtail shape is cut. Further, according to this method, the steel sheet can be rolled without cutting the crop portions of the front end of the steel sheet in the conveying direction and the rear end thereof in the conveying direction, or even when the crop portions are cut, the cutting length may be a minimum length, and hence the yield improves. Furthermore, for example, in Patent Literature 2 mentioned below, there has been suggested a method of measuring, with a shape meter, the shape of each of the crop portions of the front end of the steel sheet (the intermediate material) before cut in the conveying direction and the rear end thereof in the conveying direction, determining an optimum cutting length from the measured shape in consideration of the biting defect of the finish rolling machine, a quality and the yield, and cutting each crop portion into the cutting length. According to this method, sheet passing troubles decrease and the quality and yield improve.

Method for manufacturing hot-rolled steel sheet, steel sheet cutting location setting device, steel sheet cutting location setting method, and steel sheet manufacturing method


The inkjet recording apparatus comprises: a full line type recording head which includes a plurality of nozzles for discharging ink arranged in a nozzle row across an entire printable width in a main scanning direction; a conveyance device which moves a recording medium and the recording head relatively to each other in a sub-scanning direction substantially orthogonal to the nozzle row provided in the recording head; and a droplet ejection control device which controls a droplet ejection timing of each nozzle, in such a manner that a basic arrangement of droplet deposition points of dots formed on the recording medium by means of ink droplets ejected from the nozzles becomes a staggered lattice arrangement.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an inkjet recording apparatus and recording method, and more particularly, to control technique for an inkjet recording apparatus using a line head wherein a plurality of recording elements are arranged in one direction.
2. Description of the Related Art
Recently, inkjet recording apparatuses (inkjet printers) have become common as recording apparatuses for printing and recording images captured by digital still cameras, and the like. Inkjet recording apparatuses are relatively inexpensive, and not only are they straightforward to use, they also have the merit of yielding images of good quality. An ink-jet recording apparatus comprises a plurality of recording elements in a head, the recording head scanning a recording medium while droplets of ink are ejected toward the recording medium from the recording elements, and each time one line of an image is recorded onto recording paper, the recording medium is conveyed through a distance corresponding to one line, this process being repeated, whereby an image is formed onto the recording paper.
Inkjet printers include those which use a fixed-length serial head, and carry out recording by moving the head to scan a recording medium in the lateral direction of the recording medium, and those which use a line head in which recording elements are aligned up to a dimension corresponding to the full width of one edge of the recording medium. In a printer using a line head, it is possible to carry out image recording across the full surface of the recording medium, by scanning the recording medium in an orthogonal direction to the direction in which the recording elements are arranged. In a printer using a line head, it is not necessary to provide a conveyance system, such as a carriage, or the like, for moving a short-dimension head to scan the recording medium, and furthermore, movement of the carriage and complex scanning control of the recording medium also becomes unnecessary. Furthermore, since only the recording medium is moved, it is possible to achieve increase the recording speed in comparison to printers using serial heads.
In the recording device and control method disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 10-157135, a plurality of nozzle rows for making the same line are provided, and ink is ejected as droplets onto a recording medium, by selective use of these nozzle rows.
Moreover, in the inkjet printer disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 10-235854, a device for causing a nozzle row provided in a line head to oscillate is provided, whereby the visual perception of streaks of unevenness is lessened by causing the nozzle row to oscillate very slightly in the direction of alignment of the nozzle row. Furthermore, the aforementioned reference also discloses an embodiment wherein ink is ejected while causing the head to move in the direction of alignment of the nozzle row, and an embodiment wherein ink is ejected while causing the recording paper to move in the direction of alignment of the nozzle row.
In the printing method for an inkjet printing apparatus disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2000-326497, the visual perception of streaks of unevenness is lessened by increasing the dot size ejected, at uniform intervals.
However, in an inkjet recording apparatus which comprises a fixed row of nozzles which cover the full width of the image area, and which performs image recording by conveying the recording medium in a direction orthogonal to the row of nozzles, then since the drawing of a line parallel to the direction of conveyance is carried out by means of a single nozzle only, if there is variation in the dot position due to fluctuation in the direction of ejection from each nozzle, or the like, then a streak of unevenness in the direction of conveyance is likely to be perceived in the image.
In the recording apparatus disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 10-157135, since a plurality of nozzle rows are provided, the number of nozzles is increased by the corresponding multiple, and therefore costs and the maintenance burden are markedly increased.
Moreover, in the inkjet printer disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 10-235854, not only is it necessary to provide a high-precision mechanism for causing minute oscillation of the nozzle rows, thereby leading to high costs, but furthermore, there is also the concern that image quality is degraded by the minute oscillations.
In the printing method for an inkjet printing apparatus disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2000-326497, it is necessary to provide complex control of the image processing, and furthermore, adverse affects, such as poorer granularity in the output image, occur.

Inkjet recording apparatus and recording method


The invention includes a computerized method responding to a navigation cue from a user by saving the writable state of the application and directing the computer through the window operating system to perform the navigation task 36 indicated by the navigation cue. The invention includes the following, which will each be discussed in turn. An alteration mechanism including means for altering window operating system by altering the hook triggered by each navigation cue to integrate saving the writable state. The window operating system integrating response to each navigation cue and saving the writable state. Source code artifacts which can be installed to implement navigation cues triggering saving the writable state. A business method generating revenue for a business entity.

Much of computer science relates to data management. Software programs support various methods of allowing the user to input, process and save data. The array of software applications that manage data in this way includes programs designed for individual users, multiple users of intranets, the internet, the worldwide web, and e-commerce. Examples of such software applications in these contexts include word processing, spread sheets, web page design, contact management, graphics, financial transactions, program development systems, e-commerce shopping carts, and so on.
Social psychology studies show people tend to favor the shortest route to accomplishing a goal. Because of this, the software and computer industry tend to enhance ease and speed of programs and data management. By way of example, website usability professionals such as the Nielsen Norman Group have found that increasing usability on an e-commerce website by 10% can increase sales by 10% to 400% depending on a combination of usability factors on the overall design, including usability of the shopping cart.
A good example of how time saving steps are eagerly adopted by the computing and software marketplace is the history of printing a document on a computer-driven printer. In the early days of computers, the user had to input a series of nearly 20 commands in the correct order before the printer was activated. Now, users take it for granted that all they need do is click "print" and the sequence (now hidden but still in place) will produce a printed version of their document.
Currently, the rule of data entry is that a task cue must be combined with a navigation command before the user may leave a page with new data on it and have that new data recorded. In effect, this is a "rule" of computer science, which is to see the navigation command as only the navigation command, and not to identify that there may be a separate and distinct command that may be broken out of it to save the user time and/or the server bandwidth. As used herein, a client process will primarily involve the user interface and a server process will primarily involve data processing and/or data management. The client process and the server process may reside in the same computer, or distinct computers.
What is needed are techniques which enhance the experience of users of computers and computer-based services, so that data entry and management in individual user applications, intranets, the internet and worldwide web are quicker, easier, more energy efficient, and more natural. What is also needed is a way to reduce server load.
As used herein, a computer includes at least one data processor and at least one instruction processor, where each data processor is directed by at least one instruction processor. Computers including more than one instruction processor may include two instruction processors executing the same instruction format, or alternatively, two instruction processors executing different instruction formats.
As used herein, an operating system controls at least one computer to execute at least one application. Often the operating system initializes one or more of the instruction processors and one or more of the data processors to start the application. Often the operating system provides an interface to a memory device such as a disk drive by maintaining a file management system for accessing the data stored on the disk drive. An example of an operating system includes the early versions of BASIC found on 8 bit microprocessor systems such as the ALTAIR 8800.
As used herein, a real-time operating system is an operating system for managing the execution of more than one application executing and using the computer during a single period of time. This is achieved using a data structure known as a task list. The task list includes at least one, and usually many, task entries.
An application is executed by a real-time operating system by creating at least one task entry. Each task entry includes an instruction pointer into accessibly coupled instruction memory as to where the task will next execute an instruction, a data configuration to be loaded by the data processor doing data processing for the application, and a instruction configuration to be loaded into the instruction processor to direct the data processing.
Some computers have only one data processor and one instruction processor, and the instruction pointer, the data and instruction configurations may be merged into internal state configuration. Often, the task entry is designated by a pointer to a memory location, where the internal state configuration is stored.
Examples of a real-time operating system include command line versions of UNIX, as invented and developed at Bell Labs in the twentieth century, and the OS operating system of the IBM 360 and 370 computers.
A window operating system is a real-time operating system supporting a user interface including the possibility of multiple windows and at least one interactive user input device. A window will refer to an at least two dimension display domain which the user can perceive through a display device being controlled by the computer. Each window is associated with at least one application, which begins or continues execution when the window is opened.
An interactive user input device may include a keyboard, a mouse, a joystick, a touchpad, a voice recognition interface, and/or a gesture recognition interface. The mouse and/or joystick may portray motion across a two or more dimensional movement domain, possibly sensing not only position, but also speed, acceleration, and/or some form of pressure.
A navigation cue refers to a recognized command from the user received through at least one of the interactive user input devices directing the computer through the window operating system, to navigate the one or more perceived windows to either open a new window, close an existing window, bring a window into perception by the user, or minimize a window in terms of the user's perception. These various activities can be recognized and altered by the use of hooks, which are defined interface locations within the accessible memory. They are specific to each window operating system, and in some cases, to each implementation of the window operating system.
By way of example, most window operating systems support navigation cues through mouse operations which open and close windows, and trigger applications to open new windows.
Another example, some window operating systems support navigation cues through a task bar, often including task buttons, which trigger the opening of applications such as a web browser or word processor.
Another example, some applications support multiple views running with the same application and traversed within the same window by navigation cues, for instance, multiple tabs to different web sites by a web browser, and multiple views of the same or different documents by a word processor.
A further example, some window operating systems support navigation cues based upon keyboard operations, such as keystroke combinations or sequences that successively bring to the front each open window of the window operating system.
Consider how applications and the computers running applications fail or crash. An application's execution is disrupted when the application enters an indeterminate or illegal state. Often these situations lead to the application doing unpredictable and/or damaging behavior, such as corrupting the contents of files, sometimes damaging the integrity of the file system being managed by the operating system. In the early days of operating systems, often the computer would literally stop or spew reams of gibberish. Often then, and to this day, computers must be reset, possibly by turning off and on, to restart the operating system, in order to regain control.
Real-time operating systems inherit this weakness from operating systems and add a new problem to the mix. It is now possible to demand more resources be used at the same time than exist. Example, execution of two or more applications, each fitting in the available memory, but collectively requiring more than what is available, causes the real-time operating system a new problem.
Often, the real-time operating system possesses tools to at least partially mitigate the situation, such as a virtual memory sub-system using part of one or more disk drives as a temporary store to augment the accessible memory. These tools work in a pinch, but tend to be fragile, and overloaded real-time operating systems tend to crash, often due to memory conflicts, in which one application writes on the memory of another.
Window operating systems inherit the weaknesses of both real-time operating systems and operating systems, in general. They add yet another weakness, the tendency for a window to not always release allocated resources successfully. Over time, many window operating system environments become clogged with the resource allocations, which were not successfully released when their use was over.
A comment should be made here, the software community is well aware of these weaknesses, and has instituted various error handling procedures to try and limit the unpredictability of application crashes. The hardware community is also aware of these weaknesses, and has invented various memory manager circuits to minimize memory conflict problems. With all due regard to these noble efforts, the fact remains that computers and the applications running on them crash, and people all over the world continue to lose data, money and time to such failures. Methods and mechanisms are needed to mitigate these losses due to these crashes.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Method and apparatus integrating navigation and saving the writable state of applications