Systems, devices and methods for increasing the concentration level, longevity and efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) systems via optical filtering waveguides. The waveguides can transfer absorbed heat via steam (or other gasses) and water (or other liquids) for subsequent solar thermal (ST) energy conversion and provide low-loss transmission of the filtered light over a grid of PV systems. These include new balloon/bulb type collectors interfacing with the optical filtering waveguides which then mode-couple solar energy into the PVs.

It is well known that plastic is cheaper than silicon so the question is why not collect a large amount of sunlight and focus it via a cheap flat plastic Fresnel lens onto silicon PVs (photovoltaics)? Well we do such, called CPV (concentrated PV) but the problem is we're also concentrating the out-of-band infrared, (IR), and ultraviolet, (UV), spectral components which do not create electricity. Instead these create heat which warms up the PV and its conversion efficiency plummets. Thus, CPV systems utilize heat sinks, often running water through the heat sinks, to cool the system but that is expensive and cumbersome.
CPV systems also typically use multi-junction PVs and materials other than silicon in order to extend their responsivity further into the IR and the UV but these are expensive and there is always some out-of-band energy remaining which heats up the system and limits its efficiency. We prefer to remove the heat sources from the sunlight before it even hits the PV and hence utilize some type of optical filtering. This is also done but the optical filters are placed on top of the PV and so they still conduct a lot of heat into the PV.
We have found (see U.S. Pat. No. 8,710,353 to Shepard, which is incorporated by reference in its' entirety) that via the use of optical waveguides (e.g., bundles of optical fiber) as filtering elements; we can absorb the out-of-band spectral components, thereby converting them into heat which is either conducted into solar-thermal energy converters or radiated into the air so that the heat is not conducted to the PV. This permits higher levels of concentration (thereby pushing the "plastic is cheaper than silicon" advantage) while also eliminating the need for heat sinking systems on the PV.
Currently losses in the visible range of the spectrum are too high to permit "solar over fiber" except for short distances. Herein we solve that problem, thereby enabling secure optical power distribution networks (which have many advantages over their electrically cabled counterparts) and extend the capabilities of waveguide filters for PV and solar-thermal systems.
Enabling low-loss transmission of visible frequencies over optical waveguides also greatly expands on the capabilities of prior art in the area of balloon-type solar collectors. Currently these place PVs at the focal point of an inflatable balloon which has a reflective surface to form a mirrored collector. See Colfax, Tyler, Solar Balloons: Future of Alternative Energy, 23 Sep. 2008.
Our new balloon-type solar collectors however place our new optical waveguides at the focal point. These can be lightweight and so can extend high into the sky or even float. Note that such large-scale balloon type collectors are only feasible when used in conjunction with our new optical cabling methods. The weight alone of PVs placed inside such a large-scale buoyant balloon would be prohibitive; and at such high optical intensities these would require extensive cooling systems and thick electrical cabling which further prohibit the prior art from "harvesting the sky" in such a way.
We also expand on the capabilities of prior art via mode-coupling the solar energy into the PVs—rather than just shining the light onto a PV in which case a large amount reflects. In our embodiments the PVs can receive all of the light imported to them via our waveguides.
Moreover, our optical power cabling cannot "short circuit" in water while it safely distributes power to PVs on land or inside buildings. Thus, we enable the floatation of balloon/bulb type collectors on a body of water, whereas electrical cabling from PVs placed over water is a daunting proposition. Just as our solar balloons minimize the terrestrial footprint by expanding the collector into the sky, they can also take advantage of the fact that area on water is often less expensive real-estate than the same area on land. The direction insensitivity of some of our novel collectors simplifies their application to turbulent water; and installation costs (on land or water, or from a window, car or backpack) can be reduced to those of simply "blowing up a balloon."
Thus, the need exists for solutions to the above problems with the prior art.

Solar over fiber and water based waveguides


A cleaner head includes a drive mechanism connecting a drive means to a rotatable brush member. The drive mechanism comprises an input drive member connected to the drive means, an output drive member connected to the rotatable brush member, and a flexible drive element extending therebetween. The drive mechanism is provided with an adjustment mechanism operable to vary the distance between the input and output drive members in order to vary the tension of the flexible drive element. The adjustment mechanism is movable in a first direction from a first position in which the flexible drive element has a relatively low tension through a plurality of further positions which increases the tension in the flexible drive element. The adjustment mechanism is lockable in a selected one of the plurality of further positions against movement in a direction opposite to the first direction.

Cleaner heads for vacuum cleaners are known to include a rotatable brush bar that operates to beat dirt and dust from textured floor coverings and the surfaces of furniture. Such a cleaner head performs particularly well at removing fibrous matter such as animal hair from textile floor or furniture coverings.
In such a cleaner head equipped with a brush bar, the brush bar may be driven either by an electric motor or by an air turbine which is powered by the flow of air through the cleaner head during use. Whether driven by either an electric motor or air turbine, it is common to transmit rotary power from the drive unit to the brush bar by a drive belt mechanism. An example of such a drive belt mechanism is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,976,003.
In such a drive belt arrangement, power from an input drive member is transmitted to an output drive member by a flexible toothed drive belt. The input and output drive members have parallel axes and the distance between the two members is fixed. Such an arrangement is known as a fixed centre drive, and is commonly used in production applications since they are relatively simple and cost-efficient.
In order for a fixed centre drive to operate reliably, the drive belt must be tensioned precisely. However, the accumulation of tolerances on the components of the drive mechanism can cause the drive belt, when assembled, to fall outside the relatively narrow range of acceptable tension values. This can be a problem since too high a belt tension can cause reduced component life in addition to causing assembly difficulties, whereas too low a belt tension can also prematurely wear the belt and the pulleys, as well as increasing the risk that the belt may slip. It is against this background that the invention has been devised.


The present invention in its first aspect provides a device management apparatus, which manages a virtual device that implements a cooperative function upon cooperating a plurality of physical devices connected via a network, comprising an acquisition unit adapted to acquire statuses from the physical devices that implement the cooperative function of the virtual device; and a display unit adapted to display whether or not the virtual device is usable, based on the statuses of the physical devices that implement the cooperative function of the virtual device acquired by the acquisition unit.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a device management apparatus which manages a virtual device, a device management system, a device management method and a medium.
2. Description of the Related Art
A technique that assigns devices to respective functions on a network and causes these devices to cooperate to implement FAX and remote copy functions as one device is available. This technique handles a plurality of cooperating devices as one device called a "virtual device". Contrary to the virtual device, each physical device will be referred to as a "physical device" hereinafter. Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-150469 describes a method of displaying all physical devices, indicating their cooperating states by arrows, and displaying the states of respective physical devices as icons upon displaying the state of a virtual device. In this case, the states of the physical devices are determined based only on whether each physical device is abnormal or normal.
Therefore, conventionally, the virtual device user needs to determine whether or not the physical devices can be used as a virtual device by determining upon checking the states of the cooperating physical devices if all the physical devices are normal or any of the physical devices is abnormal. The state of the physical device indicates that of a physical device alone. In this case, the state of each physical device is displayed in detail like "jam", "reader abnormality", and so forth. In such case, the virtual device user needs to determine up to which of physical devices in a virtual device has charge of which function, and whether or not the states of the physical devices can implement that function.
Only a user well-informed about the configuration of the virtual device and the relationship between the physical device states and functions can make such determination. For this reason, when one of the physical devices that configure the virtual device indicates an abnormal state, a normal user determines that the virtual device is unusable.

Device management apparatus, device management system, device management method and medium


Disclosed is a light emitting device including a light emitting structure including a first conductive-type semiconductor layer, a second conductive-type semiconductor layer and an active layer interposed between the first conductive-type semiconductor layer and the second conductive-type semiconductor layer, a first electrode layer electrically connected to the first conductive-type semiconductor layer, and a second electrode layer disposed on the second conductive-type semiconductor layer, wherein the second electrode layer includes a plurality of adhesive seeds spaced from one another on the light emitting structure, a reflective layer disposed on the plurality of adhesive seeds, and a protective layer disposed on the reflective layer, wherein the reflective layer contains silver (Ag) or an Ag alloy. As a result, it is possible to improve light reflectance and electrical properties of the electrode layer of the light emitting device and reliability of the electrode layer.

1. Field
Embodiments relate to a light emitting device.
2. Description of the Related Art
Light emitting devices such as light emitting diodes or laser diodes using Group III-V or II-IV compound semiconductor materials can render a variety of colors such as red, green, blue and UV light through development of thin film growth techniques and device materials and can realize white light with superior efficiency by using a fluorescent material or combining colors.
An application range of these light emitting devices is gradually expanding owing to advantages such as low power consumption, semi-permanent lifespan, rapid response rate, safety and environmental friendliness, as compared to conventional light sources such as fluorescent lamps and incandescent lamps. The expansion in application range of light emitting devices causes an increase in brightness required for lamps for households, lamps for distress calls and the like. Accordingly, it is important to increase efficiency of light emitting devices.

Light emitting device with electrode having plurality of adhesive seeds spaced from one another on the light emitting structure


A skylight is disclosed for installation in an opening disposed in the top of an enclosure. The skylight includes framing sections providing for variation in installations and accommodating on site adjustments when fastening and fitting the skylight within the opening of the enclosure. The framing sections are adapted to receive supplementary moldings adapted to friction fit with the framing section which provide for variation in installation tolerances and cover any undesirably exposed portions of the enclosure resulting from installation of the skylight, while accommodating on site adjustments.

Skylights have become more and more popular with new homes or when renovating an older home. Skylights may be installed in the roof of a home or in a solarium, or a sunroom enclosure. When manufacturing skylights it is typical that they are made to fit a particular standard sized opening. The installer, (typically the roofer) for a replacement skylight, must therefore carefully measure the opening in which the skylight will be installed and provide the manufacturer with these dimensions. When creating the opening in a roof, it will be necessary to extend the opening down through an attic and ultimately into the room into which the light is desired. A tunnel therefore, must be formed between the room through the attic and adjacent to the opening in the roof. This tunnel is lined with drywall, or wooden boards, or the like. These boards or drywall extend up to near the roof line and must be accommodated with any skylight installation. In some instances, for example with a curb mount unit, unsightly pockets or steps are created which attract dust and insects. It would be advantageous to be able to make adjustments for manufacturing tolerances at the site, resulting in a better fit and finish of the installation. Heretofore a skylight assembly accommodating installation variations is unknown.
In order to install known skylight assemblies, the installer will insert the skylight into the opening and will be required to enter the home and climb a ladder to access the underside of the skylight to fasten it properly, for example a curb, to adjacent the tunnel area. Most installers are roofers, as window installers normally will not climb onto a roof.
It would be advantageous to provide a skylight assembly which may be installed from the roof only or from the tunnel area only. This will result in a significant amount of labour savings in retrofit installations or maintenance. It would also be advantageous to provide a standardized skylight assembly for retrofit installations which includes a predetermined latitude for adjustment by the installer.
It is therefore a primary object of the invention to provide a skylight assembly which will accommodate variations from installation to installation.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a skylight assembly which may be utilized for installation in a roof of a dwelling, or the same assembly may be utilized for installation in a solarium.
It is yet a further object of the invention to provide standardized cross sections for skylight assemblies for various installations with a curb mount system, a curbless mounting system, and sunroom or solarium installation.
It is yet a further object of the invention to provide a standardized framing section for a skylight assembly which may be used with a curb installation, without a curb installation, and within the solarium by providing removable portions formed with the framing section.
It is yet a further object of the invention to provide a section which may be utilized to interconnect adjacent skylights and provide water shedding capabilities therefore.
Further and other objects of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art when considering the following summary of the invention and the more detailed description of the preferred embodiments illustrated herein.

Skylights to accommodate on site adjustments for variations in installations


Provided is a system and method comprising a test suite generation mechanism for testing a domain (e.g., software program) via “black-box” testing. Parameters are defined, appropriate values for each are chosen, and via the system and method a suite of test cases are automatically generated that covers all N-way parameter combinations (e.g., pairs when N=2) while respecting any specified domain constraints. After receiving a model comprising the parameters and respective values to test, along with constraints in a form of logical predicates, the system and method produces the test cases. Based on the constraints, an algorithm removes invalid combinations in a first stage, and prevents any other invalid combinations from being used in a second stage during the test case generation process. A full set of statistically valuable test cases are thus efficiently and automatically generated, significantly improving testing while significantly reducing the resources needed to test.

Given a large enough market, software consumers will find numerous bugs in software programs, which can reflect poorly on the developer. Thus, an important part of software development is testing to eliminate bugs in software, and to have the software designed to otherwise handle unusual circumstances. That is one reason why Beta testing is used, so that by sheer numbers, many users (who understand that bugs are likely early in the development process) can help to debug a product before it is sold to consumers.
Beta testing is only one way software is tested, and can only be done when the product under development is reasonably stable and safe enough to give to those who will use it in the real world. To get to this point, and also to find bugs that even large numbers of Beta testers may not find, software producers also run their programs through pre-arranged tests. Such pre-arranged testing is often referred to as black-box testing, in which parameters of a domain under test are varied to evaluate how the program behaves.
Black box testing can find many bugs, however there is no way for developers to realistically anticipate each of the possible combinations of parameters that can cause a bug. Testing all combinations is not practical; by way of an example to point out the difficulties in exhaustive testing, consider the "Font" dialog in the Microsoft® Word word processing program. The first "Font" tab of the "Font" dialog has lists of possible parameters for font, style, size, color, underline style, and underline color. Checkboxes are available for effects, including strikethrough, superscript, subscript, shadow, small caps, and others. On this first "Font" tab alone of the "Font" dialog, there are over 1,500,000 parameter combinations that can be tested in order to exhaustively evaluate this tab of the dialog. Moreover, there are many such dialogs and tabs. For example, there is a "Paragraph" dialog, which also has two tabs and a large number of parameters.
As can be readily appreciated, with limited computing resources and time, exhaustive testing of all such parameter combinations in a reasonable time is basically impossible for all but a few programs having very simple sets of parameters. Moreover, the ability to comprehensively test a program becomes even more impractical when each test case takes relatively long time to perform, such as when testing possible variations in installing a program, formatting a disk, and so on, where each test might take on the order of minutes to perform. As a result, even with relatively small domains, exhaustive testing is ordinarily not realistically possible.
Thus, black-box testing for all combinations, one parameter at a time, is simply not a sufficient solution to software testing. One approach is domain modeling, whereby parameters are defined and appropriate values for each of them are chosen by a tester. Then, a suite of test cases is devised out of the parameters. A simple way to test is just to cover a set of values for each parameter, without considering how the parameters combine. In general, based on the tester's own experience, the tester devises test cases that he or she believes covers the most likely interactions between parameters of the domain. As can be appreciated, while this can find some bugs, domain modeling is usually a long and tedious process, and highly dependent on the tester's ability to construct test cases. It also cannot easily be automated and often causes maintenance problems.
Another, more formal approach referred to as "default testing" makes explicit assumptions about how values will be most often combined with one another in typical usage. A tester varies one parameter per test, leaving all others with their default values, and observes how the program behaves. As can be appreciated, this type of test suite is very easy to generate, but like domain modeling is not very effective in finding bugs.
Research has shown that many bugs can be found by simply testing combinations of two parameters. This can significantly reduce the amount of resources needed to test, and thus pair-wise testing has been attempted in various ways. However, at present, such pair-wise testing, and other multiples (e.g., testing with triplets) is not a very developed technology, and is often done manually, which is time consuming and dependent on the skill of the tester. For example, not all pairs are valid, and the tester needs to recognize such constraints when testing. What is needed is an efficient way to generating an efficient test suite for testing products.

Method and system for generating an efficient test suite from a domain description with given constraints


A high capacity gravity feed filter for filtering blood and blood products or the like includes a body having an inlet port, an outlet port, two filter wells, at least one filter element disposed in each of said filter wells, between the inlet port and outlet port so as to filter liquid which flows into the filtration device via the inlet port. The filter elements divide each of said filter wells into a first chamber and a second chamber. The device allows gases to vent the filtration device through the outlet port. The means may include a through slot located at the top of each of said second chambers. The filtration device allows air therein to be purged downstream into a receiving blood bag without the manipulation of the height of the filtration device or the receiving blood bag.

This invention relates to the filtration field, and more particularly, to an improved gravity feed filtration device for filtering blood and blood products.
There are commercially available gravity filtration devices for filtering blood and blood products. The currently available gravity feed blood filters are capable of filtering a single unit of blood. Furthermore, certain types of blood or blood products foul the currently available devices before a single unit of blood can be filtered.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a gravity feed filtration device capable of filtering any type of blood or blood product, including the removal of leukocytes from blood or blood products and capable of filtering at least two units of blood or blood product.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

High capacity gravity feed filter for filtering blood and blood products


An inverter apparatus having a reactor which suppresses ripple components contained in a charging current for a battery and is saturated when a current having a value larger than a predetermined value flows therethrough to have a very small inductance and allowing a small size and a low cost thereof to be designed.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to an inverter apparatus which is combined with a battery employed in a non-failure power unit and the like.
2. Description of the Prior Art
FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of an inverter apparatus combined with a conventional battery which has been shown in, for example, the thyristor usage manual P-406 (published by OHM Co. Ltd. on Sept. 30, 1988). In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 is an input terminal connected to an AC power source not shown, 2 a rectifier which is constituted by thyristors 2a to 2d controlled by a control unit not shown to convert an AC voltage supplied to the input terminal into a DC voltage, 3 a reactor which absorbs ripple components of the DC voltage, 4 a capacitor which absorbs ripple components of the DC voltage, 5 an inverter which is constituted by self-arc-extinguishing type semiconductors 5a to 5d such as transistors etc. to convert a DC voltage obtained across the capacitor 4 into an AC voltage, 6 a control circuit which controls the inverter 5 and varies an output AC voltage, 7 and 8 are a reactor and a capacitor, respectively, both of which constitute a filter for absorbing ripple components of the output AC voltage of the inverter 5, 9 is an AC output terminal, and 10 a battery which is connected in parallel to the capacitor for absorbing ripple components of the DC voltage.
Next, the operation will be described. When an AC power source connected to the input terminal 1 is normal, an input AC voltage is converted into a DC voltage by the rectifier 2, and the converted DC voltage is controlled to a desirable value by the phase control of the thyristors 2a to 2d.
The DC voltage contains ripple components caused by rectifying the AC voltage. But, the ripple components are absorbed in the reactor 3 and the capacitor 4 to supply a DC voltage having a little amount of ripple components to the inverter 5.
The inverter 5 converts the DC voltage into a predetermined AC voltage, which is controlled by the control circuit 6 so as to become a desirable voltage and a desirable waveform by switching control of transistors 5a to 5b.
The output AC voltage of the inverter 5 contains ripple components due to switching of the transistors 5a to 5d. But, the ripple components are absorbed by the reactor 7 and the capacitor 8, and an AC voltage having no ripple component substantially is output to the output terminal 9.
The capacitor 4 in the DC circuit also absorbs a ripple current generated on the DC side by the inverter 5. Also, the battery 10 connected to the DC circuit is being floating-charged in this state. Since, if a charging current of the battery 10 contains ripple components, heat due to the ripple components is generated in the battery 10, the ripple components are suppressed so as to be reduced below a predetermined value by the reactor 3.
On the other hand, in the case where the AC power source is subjected to power failure, since a DC voltage is supplied to the DC circuit from the battery 10, the inverter 5 converts the DC voltage into an AC voltage and output the AC voltage. The output terminal 9 is continuously supplied with an AC voltage which is fed to load devices irrespective of power failure in the input AC power source. That is, the inverter apparatus operates as a non-failure power unit. Since a conventional inverter apparatus is constituted as described above, a reactor having a large inductance has needed to be employed for the reactor 3. In other words, even if the DC circuit contains a little amount of ripple components, the inverter 5 is capable of outputting an AC voltage which is not influenced by the ripple components. But, in order to reduce ripple components in a charging current of the battery 10, the large-sized reactor 3 having a large inductance needs to be employed.

AC-DC-AC apparatus having battery charging and discharging feature


A CMOS transmission gate that is compensated for lost current to parasitic capacitance. Parasitic capacitance current is detected by an amplifier and fed back in-phase to the input of the CMOS transmission gate with the gain of the amplifier set to avoid circuit instability. In a first example a transconductance amplifier detects a voltage drop across a resistor in and RC network and the resulting current applied to the input of the transmission gate. A second example uses a current amplifier to detect gate current of the N-channel and P-channel transistors of the transmission gate, and an output current is fed back in phase to the input of the CMOS transmission gate.

Semiconductor switches are utilized in electronic circuits to control when a signal is allowed to propagate from one node to another. An implementation of such a switch in CMOS technology is the transmission gate (examples shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B), comprising NMOS and PMOS transistors connected in parallel for the purpose of allowing good conductivity for a wide signal voltage range. There are a number of different ways in which combinations of transistors can be connected together to implement a switch function; however, they all perform the same basic function of connecting two nodes when "on", and isolating the two nodes when "off". For DC signals inside an intended operating range, a switch appears like a resistor, the impedance depending on the architecture used and the dimensions of the transistors. There can also be dependence on the DC level of the signal for most architectures.
In FIG. 1A is shown a data switch of prior art comprising an N-channel transistor 10 and a P-channel transistor 11 connected in parallel, where the sources of the two transistors are connected together to form a data input A and the drains of the two transistors are connected to form data output B. An ON signal, a high logic signal, is applied to the gate of the N-channel transistor 10 and through an inverter circuit 12 to the gate of the P-channel transistor 11. To turn off the switch an off signal, which is a low logic signal, is applied to the gate of the N-channel transistor and through the inverter circuit to the gate of the P-channel transistor.
In FIG. 1B is a second data switch of prior art where a second parallel connected pair of transistors, an N-channel transistor 15 and a P-channel transistor 16, are connected in tandem 13 with a first pair of transistors 10 and 11. An N-channel transistor 14 is used to ground the tandem connection 13 to insure isolation between A and B.
A semiconductor switch presents a resistance to AC signals inside the intended operating range, but parasitic capacitance is also present. The impedance of the parasitic capacitive will present an AC path to the power supplies and chip substrate, and will ultimately cause signal attenuation at higher frequencies. In addition there will be capacitive impedance between the two sides of the switch that will cause some signal propagation when in the "off" state, thus reducing the isolation of the switch against higher frequency signals. A disadvantage of prior-art switch design shown in FIG. 1A is that lower resistive impedance in the "on" state dictates larger transistors. Larger transistors inherently include larger unwanted capacitances; therefore strong switches with low on-resistance also have larger parasitic capacitances, which limit the maximum frequency of a switched signal.
The purpose of the switches in FIGS. 1A and 1B is to make the voltage at node B equal to the voltage at node A while in the "on" state. Any change in the signal voltage at nodes A and B will require the total sum of all parasitic capacitances to be charged, or discharged, by a charge, ΔQ, equal to the sum of capacitances multiplied by the change in voltage, ΔQ=C·ΔV. Thus the faster the signal frequency, the higher the current required to charge and discharge the parasitic capacitances, i=C·dv/dt.
US 2006/0164164 A1 (Rogers et al.) is directed to compensating for parasitic capacitances in a VCA circuit. U.S. Pat. No. 8,400,848 B2 (Fujimura) is directed to a bit line capacitance compensation capacitor, which compensates the capacitance of the bit line, and a peripheral capacitance compensation capacitor, which compensates the peripheral capacitance of the bit line. In U.S. Pat. No. 8,344,808 B2 (Samavedamet al.) a capacitance compensation is directed to using a compensation device coupled to a gain device. U.S. Pat. No. 8,344,802 B2 (Huang et al.) is directed to an operational amplifier device capable of using transmission gates for capacitance compensation. U.S. Pat. No. 6,462,611 B2 (Shigehara et al.) is directed to body effect compensation for electronic switches connected between two terminals. In U.S. Pat. No. 6,150,884 (Fattaruso) an improved operational amplifier circuit with nested transconductance is directed to capacitance compensation.


Signal conversion circuitry and method for converting a multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) packet data signal transmission to a plurality of complex data samples for processing by shared test equipment, e.g., a single vector signal analyzer (VSA).

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to systems and methods for testing MIMO signal systems, and in particular, testing such systems using minimal test equipment.
2. Related Art
Many modern devices utilize wireless signals to send and receive data. Handheld devices in particular make use of wireless connections to provide features including telephony, digital data transfer, and geographical positioning. Although a variety of different wireless-connectivity capabilities are used (such as WiFi, WiMAX, and Bluetooth), in general each is defined by an industry-approved standard (such as IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.16 and IEEE 802.15, respectively). In order to communicate using these wireless-connectivity capabilities, devices must adhere to the parameters and limitations specified by the associated standards.
Although differences exist between wireless communication specifications (for example, in the frequency spectra, modulation methods, and spectral power densities used to send and receive signals), almost all of the wireless connectivity standards specify the use of synchronized data packets to transmit and receive data. Furthermore, most devices adhering to these wireless communications standards employ transceivers to communicate; that is, they transmit and receive wireless radio frequency (RF) signals.
At any point along the device-development continuum, it may be necessary to test and verify that a device is operating according to the standards associated with its various communication capabilities. Specialized systems designed for testing such devices typically contain subsystems operative to communicate with a wireless communications device during a test. These subsystems are designed to test that a device is both sending and receiving signals in accordance with the appropriate standards. The subsystems must receive and analyze device-transmitted signals and send signals to the device that subscribe to industry-approved standards.
The testing environment generally consists of the device under test (DUT), the tester, and a computer/controller. The tester is generally responsible for communicating with the DUT using a particular wireless communication standard. The computer and tester work together to capture a DUT's transmitted signals and then analyze them against the specifications provided by the underlying standard to test the DUT's transmission capabilities.
In the case of DUT having multiple input/multiple output (MIMO) capabilities, this technology supports simultaneously transmitting discrete RF signals modulated using different data streams while using the same frequency channel. Ordinarily, doing so would cause the signals to interfere with each other making it impossible to decode the resulting composite signals. However, MIMO technology makes use of orthogonal carriers and exaggerated multipath effects on the combined signals received by multiple receivers, which allows the composite signals to be decoded to produce the original discrete data streams.
Ideally, testing the respective transmit performances of the transmitters in a MIMO device, one would isolate the transmitted signals, e.g., using separate coaxial transmission lines, to allow measurements of the individual transmitted signals simultaneously. In the case of a 2×2 MIMO device, for example, one would use two separate VSAs in order to test two simultaneous transmissions. The cost of such testers would therefore increase with the increased number of simultaneous signals to be measured. Accordingly, it would be desirable to find a way to provide for simultaneous measurement and testing of MIMO signals while avoiding significant increases in tester complexity and costs.

System and method for simultaneous MIMO signal testing with single vector signal analyzer


An improved color picture tube includes a rectangular faceplate panel having two long sides and two short sides. A rectangular shadow mask is suspended at its four corners by support means within the panel adjacent to a cathodoluminescent screen located on the panel. The tube has three principal axes that are mutually orthogonal to each other. These axes include a longitudinal axis which extends through the center of the tube perpendicularly to the center of the panel, a major axis which passes through the center of the panel paralleling the long sides of the panel, and a minor axis which passes through the center of the panel paralleling the short sides of the panel. Each of the support means has a central support axis. The improvement comprises the two support axes on each side of the minor axis crossing a plane containing the longitudinal and major axes at a point located between the minor axis and a short side of the panel.

It is common to use either three or four springs to support a shadow mask within a rectangular faceplate panel of a color picture tube. In a three spring support system, one spring is usually located at the upper center of the mask, and the other two springs are located along the sides of the tube between the centers of the sides of the mask and the lower two corners of the mask. In a four-spring support system, springs are usually located at the top and bottom centers of the mask and at the left and right centers of the mask. In both the three- and four-spring support systems, as described above, it is possible for the shadow mask to slightly twist and shift relative to the faceplate during manufacturing and tube operation.
One means for minimizing twisting and shifting of a shadow-mask uses spring supports at the four corners of the frame. Embodiments for achieving such corner support are shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,723,088, issued to Sone et al. on Feb. 2, 1988, and in U.S. Pat. No. 4,728,853, issued to Sone et al. on Mar. 1, 1988.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,723,088 shows a shadow mask frame having truncated corners with supports at each corner. The supports are bent plates including three sections. A first section is welded to the frame. A second section extends at an angle from the first section toward a skirt of a faceplate panel. A third section extends from the second section. The third section includes an aperture that engages a metal stud that is embedded in the panel sidewall.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,728,853 discloses an improved support which includes two members welded together. One member, having a flat plate shape, is welded to a mask frame. The second member includes three sections. A first section is welded to the first member. A second section angles from the first section, and an apertured third section engages a support stud in the panel sidewall.
FIG. 4 of U.S. Pat. No. 4,723,088 shows a mask-frame assembly having the support means aligned with the diagonals of the assembly. The embodiment shown has a 4 by 3 aspect ratio. When tubes having a 16 by 9 aspect ratio were recently developed, it was decided to utilize the corner support concept and to align the mask support means with the diagonals. However, tubes so constructed exhibited substantial electron beam misregister when they were subjected to vibration and/or shock. Such misregister also occurred in tubes having a 4 by 3 aspect ratio but to a lesser extent. Therefore, there is a need for an improved mask mounting system that will minimize vibration misregister and provide a better response to shock. Such improvement is especially needed in tubes having a 16 by 9 aspect ratio, but should also provide some improvement in tubes having a 4 by 3 aspect ratio.

Color picture tube having shadow mask with improved support


The invention provides a milking device having at least one teat cup connectable to a teat of a dairy animal, and a method of controlling the milking device. A measuring sensor measures the amount of milk secreted. Data regarding the dairy animal are collected in a control unit. The method includes the steps of: providing a milking frequency determined in a first manner at a first lactation phase and a milking frequency determined in a second, different manner at a later, second lactation phase, for example, the stimulation phase and the stable phase, respectively, wherein the first manner results in a higher milking frequency than the second manner in the same circumstances; identifying a dairy animal and determining the associated milking frequency; milking the dairy animal dependent on the milking frequency; determining the milk production; and switching from the first to the second lactation phase, dependent on the milk production.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a method of controlling a milking device. The invention also relates to a milking device.
2. Description of the Related Art
It is known to provide a milking device that comprises a milking unit which is provided with at least one teat cup which is capable of being connected to a teat of a dairy animal, and to milk said dairy animal by means thereof. The milking can be highly automated, for example by means of a robot. The dairy animal can be milked according to a scheme. A farmer can milk his dairy animals at fixed times. In a milking robot milking can take place by allowing a dairy animal access to the robot according to a predetermined setting.

Method of and device for milking a dairy animal dependent on the lactation periods


A device for collecting water polluting phytoplankton drifts and a method for collecting water polluting phytoplankton drifts by use of such device is provided such that the deterioration of water quality as a result of extraordinary proliferation of phytoplankton is suppressed and prevented such that a water area is kept clean. The device 1 for collecting water polluting phytoplankton drifts defines a predetermined volume of space therewithin with enclosing faces, the enclosing faces including at least one face section 3 composed of a water blocking member and other face sections 4 and 5 composed of a plurality of water admitting members, each water admitting member being formed with a plurality of water admitting holes.

The present invention relates to a water polluting phytoplankton drifts collecting device, and more particularly to a water polluting phytoplankton drift collecting device, which collects water polluting phytoplankton drifts and dormant spores thereof vegetating in dead water areas like lakes and marshes, to prevent them from proliferating in such water areas to cause the pollution thereof, thereby improving the water cleanliness there.
In water areas, such as lakes and marshes or dams, it has frequently been reported that the movements of the water are stagnant and tend to be subject to supernutrition due to the change recently seen in the life style of people living therearound and the extraordinary proliferation of phytoplankton. Such extraordinary proliferation of phytoplankton not only mars the appearance of the water areas but also hinders branchial respiration of fishes and causes living things in the lower water layers to perish due to the lack of oxygen there and invites the deterioration of the water quality which can result in a musty smell in tap water.
Conventionally, there have been proposed a variety of measures to prevent the proliferation of phytoplankton including (1) a method of preventing the proliferation of the water polluting phytoplankton by removing nutritious substances by means of phosphorus (P) or nitrogen (N) compounds, silica (SiO.sub.2), or the like; (2) a method of killing the phytoplankton by use of algicides, such as copper sulfate, chlorine (Cl.sub.2) or the like; and (3) an air pumping pipe method to forcibly circulate the dead water by use of an air pumping pipe to increase the oxygen existent in the water while guiding the algae growing on the water surface portion into the deep layer of the water where sufficient sunlight will not reach.
Of the foregoing measures, however, the method (1) designed to remove the nutritious substances which flow into lakes and marshes is not easy to adopt in view of the construction costs of facilities and equipment and the running costs for the maintenance thereof. Furthermore, it is impossible to completely remove the nutritious substances from unspecified polluting substances, thus making the whole scheme too difficult to be effective. Furthermore, the measure (2) to kill phytoplankton by addition of algaecides is not generally applicable because it can cause a further pollution if the water in the water area has a wide variety of applications. Furthermore, the air pumping measure (3) which forcibly pumps the water in the water area for circulation to shorten the staying period of the surface water is not effective and is considered to be inapplicable because, if the water depth is not sufficient, it will not guide algae on the water surface into a deeper water layer which the sufficient sunlight will not reach.
The present invention is designed to solve the technical problem referred to in the foregoing and the object of the invention is to provide a water polluting phytoplankton drift collecting device. The invention was conceived by taking into consideration the shortcomings of the current attempts to prevent or forestall the extraordinary proliferation of phytoplankton in the water area as mentioned above. Particularly, it is possible to prevent the proliferation of the phytoplankton in the water areas of a shallow depth from causing the water quality to deteriorate for the purpose of maintaining the water area clean.
The inventor realized that although it is impossible to completely prevent the phytoplankton from vegetating, the phytoplankton rather serves to absorb the nutrition such as nitrogen, sulfur, silica, etc. in the water flowing into water area like lakes, thereby purifying the polluted water, and intended to take advantage of it in order to accomplish the above objectives. Based on this understanding, therefore, the invention is designed to use the phytoplankton for removing the nutritious substances contained in flown-in waters instead of preventing such phytoplankton from vegetating and then, separating the water polluting phytoplankton drifts or their dormant spores to remove the same from the water.
In other words, the inventor made intensive research to come up with a device which is capable of maintaining a water area clean by absorbing and removing the nutritious substances flowing into the water area by use of phytoplankton and then collecting the water polluting phytoplankton drifts such that the scattering thereof is prevented.
As a result, the inventor conceived of a device which is inexpensive and capable of effectively functioning in shallow lakes and marshes by collecting phytoplankton drifts and its dormant spores during the winter at a predetermined place and, after collecting them, keeping them from proliferating in the water area such that the water quality is maintained in a clean state. In this connection, the water polluting phytoplankton drifts primarily means the organic polluting substances consisting of phytoplankton and its dormant spores.

Device for collecting water polluting phytoplankton drifts and method for collecting water polluting phytoplankton drifts


An electromagnetic switchgear having a housing and a movable magnet part guided in the housing along a direction of motion. A contact bridge carrier is coupled to the movable magnet part and has openings. The housing has projections of different heights which extend through the openings in the contact bridge carrier and into sequential engagement with the movable part, to provide for switching-off with substantially reduced bouncing.

In switchgear described in DE AS 1 151 302, the movable magnet part, (i.e., the first armature) is firmly connected via a plunger to the contact of the contact bridge. The contact operates as a make contact. The plunger is engaged by an armature return spring. A second armature which cooperates With the coil of the magnetic system is provided with posts to which springs are attached. In the rest position of the second armature, these springs push the second armature against the housing. The first armature in its rest position rests against stops provided on the housing. Since both armatures move when the magnetic system is being switched on, the springs acting on the posts of the second armature become contact pressure springs. The problem addressed by this known design is the prevention of bouncing during the switching-on process, without a cushioning contribution by the stops against which the first armature rests. This bouncing protection is needed since only make contacts are provided in the known design.
Switching-off bounce, on the other hand, occurs if the stops of the movable magnet part, provided the contact bridge carrier, consist of plastic. Such an arrangement is shown, for instance, in the switchgear described in German Examined Patent Application 23 60 907. There is a need to reduce the bounce that occurs during the switching-off process.


The present invention provides a new intermediate II and a method for synthesizing the same. The method comprises: (a) firstly diazotizing a compound of formula I as a raw material, and then halogenating to obtain an intermediate II; and (b) reacting the intermediate II with a compound III to obtain a compound IV, hydrolyzing the obtained compound IV directly without being separated to obtain Vortioxetine represented by compound V. The intermediate II can be used for synthesizing Vortioxetine.

Vortioxetine hydrobromide is a new medicine used for treating adult patients who have major depressive disorder, and developed by Lundbeck pharmaceutical company, the second biggest pharmaceutical manufacturer in Denmark. It is approved by U.S. Food and Drug Administration on Sep. 30, 2013. It has a chemical name of 1-[2-(2,4-dimethylphenylthio)phenyl]piperazine hydrobromide, and a following chemical structure:

Several synthesis routes of Vortioxetine and the derivatives thereof are disclosed in the PCT Publication WO2003029232.
Synthesis route I is shown as follows:

Ortho-fluoronitrobenzene and 2,4-dimethyl thiophenol are used as raw materials to synthesize an intermediate (2,4-dimethylphenyl)(2-nitrophenyl)thioether. Then an intermediate (2,4-dimethylphenyl)(2-aminophenyl)thioether is obtained by catalytic hydrogenating with palladium/carbon. In route 1a, this intermediate is reacted with a mixture of di(2-bromoethyl)amine and di(2-chloroethyl)amine to obtain the final product Vortioxetine. In route 1b, the intermediate (2,4-dimethylphenyl)(2-aminophenyl)thioether is reacted with N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl) iminodiacetic acid to obtain an intermediate 1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-4-[(2,4-dimethylphenylthio)phenyl]-3,5-dioxopiperazine. It is reduced by lithium aluminum hydride or borane to obtain an intermediate 4-tert-butoxycarbonyl-[(2,4-dimethylphenylthio)phenyl]-1-piperazine, which is treated with hydrochloric acid to obtain the final product Vortioxetine.
The synthesis route 2 is shown as follows:

4-tert-butoxycarbonyl-1-piperazine as a raw material is reacted with η6-1,2-dichlorobenzene-η5-cyclopentadienyl iron(II) to obtain 4-({4-[η6-(2-chlorophenyl)η5-cyclopentadienyl iron(II)]-1-tert-butoxycarbonylpiperazine, which is then reacted with 2,4-dimethylthiophenol to obtain an intermediate. The final product Vortioxetine is then obtained by treating the obtained intermediate with hydrochloric acid.
Another synthesis route is disclosed in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2011, 54, 3206-3221:

The method for synthesizing the intermediate IIA has been reported in the PCT Publication WO2004067703. That is, the intermediate IIA is obtained by reacting 1,2-dibromo-benzene with 1-tert-butoxycarbonylpiperazine under the catalysis of BINAP and palladium acetate. The synthesis route is shown as follows:

The expensive and specific palladium reagent and phosphine complex are required in the method for synthesizing the intermediate IIA reported in the PCT Publication WO2004067703. The yield is very low, only 52%. Therefore, the method is hard to industrialize, and the cost is very high.
Moreover, according to the prior art, during the process of preparing Vortioxetine, the compound IV is formed by reacting the intermediate IIA with the compound III, then separated, purified and further hydrolyzed to obtain Vortioxetine represented by compound V. However, it should be noted that by adopting this method to prepare Vortioxetine, the yield is not high and an additional separation step is involved, which increases the cost. It is not suitable for industrial production.

Vortioxetine intermediate and synthesis process thereof

SHANGHAI SYNCORES TECHNOLOGIES INC. LTD.


A movable ballistic resistant panel includes ballistic resistant leaf hinges that allow multiple panels to be attached to each other to form an openable and movable barrier capable of numerous different configurations.

In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of active shooter type attacks, with over 275 occurring in the United States between 2000 and 2018. During that period, over 800 people were killed and nearly 1,500 were wounded by active shooters. Of those active shooter incidents, a very high percentage occurred in schools, businesses, and other public places. Concurrently, construction techniques used to build schools and similar buildings have shifted from a traditional concrete block construction for not only exterior walls but also interior walls, to a less expensive form of construction using studs and drywall. While newer construction methods have many advantages over concrete block construction, they do not provide the same level of protection against active-shooter attacks as concrete block, which is significantly more robust than studs and drywall.
The Department of Homeland Security lists three accepted reactions to active shooter attacks, which are often taught to students, faculty, and administrators. The first and most desirable response is to evacuate if there is an accessible escape path. If no such path is available, the next most desirable response is to "shelter-in-place" or "hide out" where the active shooter is unlikely find that individual. The third, least desirable response is to take action against the active shooter. This should only be used as a last resort, when that individual's life is in imminent danger.
The Department of Homeland Security offers the following instructions for sheltering in place: find a hiding place that (1) is out of the active shooter's point of view, (2) provides protection if shots are fired in the direction of the hiding place (i.e., an office with a closed and locked door), and (3) does not trap the individual or restrict the individual's movement options. If the active shooter is nearby, the following recommendations apply: (1) lock the door, (2) silence cell phone and/or pager, (3) turn off any source of noise, (4) hide behind large items (i.e., cabinets, desks), and (4) remain quiet.
There are products available to fortify a building by integrating ballistic barriers into furniture, millwork, walls, and doors. However, those solutions are expensive and often require significant construction investment to implement.
One of the most important elements to finding a safe place to shelter in place is to hide in as secure a place as possible. However, as described above, particularly in newer schools, even if people were to hide in a locked classroom, bullets could potentially penetrate the door, walls, and/or windows. Movable barriers have been developed that provide some protection, while also serving as whiteboards, corkboards, or other useful things, but the current solutions are not able to be combined into a continuous barrier that may be configured to form a hiding spot that, with the exception of a roof, is completely cut off from the rest of the room.
As such, there is a need for a movable barrier that can be deployed quickly to create a protected area from an active shooter that either enters the room or fires through windows and/or walls.


There is provided an absorbent system that not only takes in fluid, but then transfers that fluid further beneath the first composite. This is achieved in this invention through paired permeability, capillarity, and void volume of the first and second composites. The invention is an absorbent system composed of at least two absorbent composites that have complementary structural/surface energy characteristics. Such an absorbent system has a first absorbent Composite A which has a first permeability, a first capillarity, and a first void volume and at least one second absorbent Composite B which has a second capillarity and a second porosity multiplied by second thickness. The first absorbent Composite A is in liquid communication or contact with at least one second absorbent Composite B, such that the first absorbent Composite A, and the second absorbent Composite B have a fluid partitioning amount in Composite A, a third triple intake time (IT3) and a rewet value.

The invention is related to absorbent personal care products. More particularly, it concerns absorbent disposable articles such as feminine care napkins, diapers and training pants, wound care dressings and bandages, and adult incontinence products.
Personal care products typically are made with a top sheet material (also referred to as a cover sheet or liner) an absorbent core and a liquid impervious back sheet. Some may also have a surge layer or other specialized layers between the top sheet and absorbent core.
An ideal feminine care product would have no leakage and deliver comfort and discretion to the user. Current feminine care products have relatively high leakage and thus offer only modest protection to the consumer. However, a leak is rather arbitrarily defined in the art and thus consumer perceived leakage is much less. Severe leakage occurs much less frequently.
In the art, a leak is defined as menstrual discharge which stains, contacts or discolors the underwear. All leakage is categorized by three key causes: fluid does not absorb into the product, fluid is absorbed into the product but subsequently leaves it, or fluid never contacts the product. The specific reasons for this leakage may be expressed further in terms of definitive mechanisms. For instance, it may not have suitable space for absorption due to localized saturation or low contact area of the product. It may not have a suitable driving force for absorption because the pores do not have the right balance of permeability and capillarity. The interfiber spaces may be partially full of fluid. Fluid may contact the pad and run-off. The fluid may be too viscous or the pores or interfiber spaces are not large enough to allow fluid to pass.
Various product attempts have been defined to reduce leakage. For instance, wings were developed to cover the underwear and thus reduce leakage by reducing the area of the underwear that could be soiled or contacted. Others have defined emboss lines or shaping lines which cause the pad to fold in a predefined manner to concentrate fluid loading in a specific area or to increase the contact area of the pad with the body. Still others have attempted to reduce leakage by focusing on side or edge leakage presumably caused by compression of the pad by the legs thereby reducing the contact area of the target zone. These product designs have focused on keeping absorbed fluid away from the edges of the product and directing it toward the center. In many cases this is a function not only of the assembly of materials of different size and shape but also their ability to conform to and contact the body in predefined ways.
In all cases, the material systems and their concentration in a specific product design dramatically impact leakage. In the field of material systems design, leakage is a function of materials shaping and conformability as well as intake, distribution, retention and transfer.
For the purpose of this invention, intake is the absorption of body exudates over the lifetime of the product. As such it includes the initial absorption of fluid into a dry product as well as the continued uptake of that fluid into the absorbent structure. Development of superior intake systems requires an understanding of environmental conditions including the nature of the fluid and its discharge. Developing functional intake structures requires an understanding of material characteristics and their interaction with the fluid as components and systems of components including interfaces and product design. Product design includes the arrangement and geometric design of material components and their interaction with the body and fluid.
The environmental conditions surrounding the characteristics of menstrual fluid and its expulsion from the body are well understood in the art. It is this understanding which has permitted the development of suitable intake structures. Menses is a complex, heterogeneous fluid composed of plasma, red blood cells, mucin and tissue/debris. The menses simulant described in this text replicates a specific range of real menstrual fluid properties. The viscosity and elasticity of menstrual fluid span a range of 0 to 1.5 Poise and an elastic stress of 0 to 1.5 dynes/cm{circumflex over ( )}2.
It has been found that continuous flow insults in feminine hygiene products average 1 ml/hr and are not literally continuous or constant, but rather variable in rate and may even pause during a cycle. xe2x80x9cGush flowxe2x80x9d is defined as a sudden heavy flow condition and occurs at flow rates of from 0.2 to 1 ml/sec or higher. During a gush, 1-5 ml of fluid is released from the body onto the product. The term xe2x80x9ccontinuous flowxe2x80x9d is used to define any flow which falls outside of the definition of gush flow. Combining continuous and gush flow conditions results in variable flow. Essentially, xe2x80x9cvariable flowxe2x80x9d is defined as continuous flow with intermittent gush flow occurrences. The response to this problem is termed xe2x80x9cvariable flow managementxe2x80x9d and is defined as the ability to absorb and contain continuous and light flow (1-2 ml/hr) as well as multiple gushes or sudden heavy flow insults (0.5 ml/sec with a total volume of 1-5 ml) over the life of the product. In considering environmental conditions, one must also make note of the temperature, humidity, anatomy, activity, characteristics of skin and pubic hair as well as characteristics of undergarments.
Initial intake of menstrual fluid into an absorbent article is a function of the characteristics of the liner or topsheet material and the upper absorbent composite. Intake of menstrual fluid into these materials is a function of the material characteristics including the ratio of to void volume of fiber surface area, fiber orientation and fiber surface wettability. These intrinsic material characteristics specifically define the more familiar material properties of permeability, capillarity and fiber wettability which can be easily calculated and measured by techniques well known in the art. Suitable liner material characteristics are well defined in the art. These have primarily taken the form of apertured film and nonwoven covers and multi-layer composites thereof. Apertured film covers which range from structures having high permeability and low capillarity to those with high permeability and high capillarity. Nonwoven covers typically have much lower permeability with higher levels of capillarity. Regardless of the characteristics of the liner, a suitable absorbent core must be matched to it to permit fluid communication and transfer and thus good fluid intake. Both the interface between the cover and absorbent core as well as the material characteristics are important. Several researchers have defined suitable intake structures for absorption of fluids for personal care articles. For instance, Latimer et. al. (5,364,382) teaches an absorbent article having a retention and surge portion. The surge portion of the invention was defined to uptake and hold at least three successive surges of fluid and direct each to target zone and release it to the retention portion. Dodge, II et al. 20 (WO 98/22066) describes a wettable web of fibers of at most 30 microns in diameter and a permeability of 250 to 1500 Darcy""s, a capillary tension of 1.5 to 5 cm and which maintains that permeability and capillarity over the life of the web. Burnes et al. (U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/072,172) defines an absorbent which wicks artificial menses according to a horizontal wicking test a distance of at least about 1 inch in less than about five minutes. It also denotes as a dependent claim that such fabrics have a density less than 0.15 g/cc.
Intake alone is insufficient in defining absorbency. Absorbent products must also be able to contain the body exudate in such a way as to keep the wearer comfortable and protected from fluid being expressed back onto the wearer or the undergarments. Such materials, particularly for feminine hygiene product usage, can be somewhat stiff and uncomfortable. The layers of these products are usually made from polymer fibers and films, and the absorbent core layer is usually made from wood pulp and superabsorbent particles that swell when wetted. In addition to the issue of comfort, such structures often do not allow fluid movement throughout, thus filling or overfilling the portion of the product in the area where an insult is typically delivered. Attempts have been made to address the movement of fluid in personal care products, again with the use of polymer fibers and the like.
There remains a need for a personal care product that is able to contain the body exudates in such a way as to keep the wearer comfortable and protected from fluid being expressed back onto the wearer or the undergarments. This is an object of this invention.
The objects of the invention are achieved by an absorbent system that not only takes in fluid, but then transfers that fluid further beneath the first composite. This is achieved in this invention through paired permeability, capillarity, and void volume of the first and second composites. The invention is an absorbent system composed of at least two absorbent composites that have complementary structural/surface energy characteristics. Such an absorbent system has a first absorbent Composite A which has a first permeability, a first capillarity, and a first void volume and at least one second absorbent Composite B which has a second capillarity and a second porosity multiplied by second thickness. The first absorbent Composite A is in liquid communication or contact with at least one second absorbent Composite B, such that the first absorbent Composite A, and the second absorbent Composite B have a fluid partitioning amount in Composite A, a third triple intake time (IT3) and a rewet value. Note that capillarity is measured in units of centimeters of saline as described in the test methods section below.
It is preferred that Composite A have a capillarity which is less than 7.8, a void volume which is not less than 0.09 cc/cm2 and not more than 0.51 cc/cm2 and a permeability greater than 150 darcies, that Composite B have a porosity multiplied by thickness greater than 2.1, hat the difference in capillarity between Composite A and B (CTB-CTA) be greater than 1, that the fluid partitioning amount in Composite A be less than about 22 percent, the third triple intake time be less than 40 seconds and rewet value be less than 0.28 grams.
The invention also pertains to the use of these absorbent systems in absorbent articles for personal care or wound care to promote rapid acquisition and retention of viscous or viscoelastic fluids while providing comfort and dryness to the user by transporting fluid away from the user""s skin.

Personal care products having reduced leakage


Simultaneous attaching of wires (13) through the pressure-connecting method to a number of electrical connectors (11) arranged in a row, makes it possible to process a larger number of electrical connectors at one time. A position-determining device (55) is provided for each electrical connector (11) which makes it possible to determine the position of each pressure-type contact of said electrical connectors (11) arranged in a row. The positioning determining device (55) is used to align a plurality of the electrical connectors (11) so that tolerance differences are not cumulative. FIG. 12.

The machinery for connecting wires to electrical connectors is customarily used for the automatic production of harnesses in which electrical connectors having multiple contacts are sequentially supplied to the pressing section of the equipment, wherein multiple electrical wires are fed and pressed into the respective pressure-type contacts of the connectors.
In this description, the term "pressure" means the method according to which insulated electrical wires are pressed into slots made in contacts which results in insulation being cut and the core of the wire making an electrical connection with the contact, and wherein the "pressure-type" contacts are designed in such a way that it has a portion in which an insulated electrical wire is inserted by pressure, thus cutting through the insulation, and resulting in an electrical connection between the wire core and the contact.
In some of the equipment for making harnesses, for purposes of increased productivity, a number of electrical connectors are arranged in a row and simultaneously supplied to the pressure insertion section of the equipment, and the wires intended for connection to these connectors are also arranged in a row and supplied to the pressure insertion section, after which, a number of contacts become connected to their respective wires in one operation, thus making it possible to produce a number of harnesses in one operation. The simultaneous manufacture of a number of harnesses in one operation results in a substantial increase in productivity in the area of electrical harness making.
The conventional method of electrical harness production using special equipment and arranging them in a row calls for the accurate positioning of the connectors by selecting a point of reference, for example, a side surface of the side-most connector, then the side surface of the connector next to it, and so on.
The deciding factor in implementing the task of positioning the electrical wires supplied to the device making pressure connections and the "stuffer", which actually makes such connections, is the pressure-type contacts contained in the electrical connectors.
However, if the positioning is carried out by the conventional method described above, that is, by using the side surfaces of a number of electrical connectors arranged in a row, then the error over the total length of the connectors will have a cumulative effect. As a result, if the tolerance of the electrical wire pitch is .+-.0.3 mm and the tolerance of the connector housing length is .+-.0.1 mm, then the number of connectors simultaneously used in harness-making should not exceed three. Therefore, the number of electrical connectors which can be arranged in a row is limited by the consideration that the cumulative error in the external dimensions of the connector housings would not affect the quality of the pressure connection. In order to increase the number of such connectors, it is necessary to manufacture electrical connectors with a higher precision of external dimensions, but this would be a very difficult task. Additionally, this consideration was a major obstacle hampering the increase in productivity of the harnesses.

Equipment for connecting wires to electrical connectors


A polymer obtained by polymerizing, in a presence of a polymerization initiator, a compound having a cage structure with at least 11 carbon atoms and an ethylenic double bond; a film forming composition containing the polymer; an insulating film formed using the composition; and an electronic device.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a polymer having a cage structure. More specifically, the invention pertains to an insulating film forming composition to be used for electronic devices or the like and superior in film properties such as dielectric constant and mechanical strength and moreover, an electronic device having an insulating film available by using the composition.
2. Description of the Related Art
In recent years, power consumption and delay time have increased because the progress of high integration, multifunction and high performance in the field of electronic materials has led to an increase in circuit resistance and condenser capacity between interconnects. Particularly, an increase of delay time becomes a large factor for the reduction of signal speed of devices and generation of crosstalk so that reduction of parasitic resistance and parasitic capacitance is required in order to reduce this delay time and accelerate the speed of devices. As one concrete measure for reducing this parasitic capacitance, an attempt has been made to cover the periphery of interconnects with a low-dielectric-constant interlayer insulating film. In addition, the interlayer insulating film is expected to have heat resistance high enough to withstand the thin film formation step at the time of producing a mount board and post steps such as chip connection and pin insertion and also chemical resistance high enough to withstand a wet process. Moreover, Al interconnects have recently been replaced by low resistance Cu interconnects and it is therefore common practice to carry out planarization by CMP (chemical mechanical polishing). They are therefore required to have mechanical resistance high enough to withstand this process.
Although polybenzoxazole and polyimide are widely known as materials for insulating films having high heat resistance, insulating films obtained from them are not satisfactory from the viewpoints of low dielectric constant, low water absorption, durability and hydrolysis resistance because they contain a hetero atom having high polarity such as oxygen atom or nitrogen atom.
High heat-resistant resins having polyarylene ether as a principal chain are known, but further reduction in dielectric constant is desired in order to actualize a high speed device.
In order to obtain an insulating film having a reduced dielectric constant, use of a polymer skeleton composed of a saturated hydrocarbon having a small electronic polarizability is effective. An insulating film making use of a thermal polymer of an adamantane monomer containing a carbon double bond is disclosed in JP-A-2003-292878, but it has a dielectric constant of about 2.6 and a further reduction is required.


The present invention relates to an electromotive part of an elevator drive, comprising a rotor (24) and a stator (10, 22), wherein windings of the stator and/or the rotor (24) are provided as single tooth windings. An electromotive part of an elevator drive, is provided as an internal rotor motor, and includes a rotor and a stator. Windings of the stator and/or the rotor are provided as single tooth windings, the windings are, at least in part, encapsulated, and the windings are provided as two-layer windings. A method for winding-up windings of an electromotive part of an elevator drive with two-layer windings, includes inserting the windings of individual phases as alternating upper and lower layers.

The invention relates to an electromotive part or section of an elevator drive. The invention also relates to a method for winding up or inserting windings of an electromotive part of an elevator drive.
In connection with elevator drives, typically electric motors are used, which constitute the electromotive part of the elevator drive. This electromotive part, which for example is provided as a synchronous motor with a rotor and a stator, is usually connected to an external power supply, wherein the current generates magnetic fields in windings of the rotor and/or the stator, which repel or attract each other, and thus make the rotor rotate. Furthermore, it is known to use permanent magnets for the rotor.
In electromotive parts of elevator drives it is, due to the limited space available, especially important to use motors with small space requirements, and which are thus of small size.
From document WO 99/43590 there is known an elevator system with a permanently excited motor. The elevator is operated with a hoist rope cooperating with the motor. The rope comprises at least a load carrying element, which is included in a casing made of a non-metallic material. The motor drives the hoist rope, which, in turn, moves an elevator car within the elevator shaft. The motor comprises a rotor, which is partly formed with permanent magnets. It is considered disadvantageous in connection with this motor that it has relatively high space requirements.
From document WO 99/43589 there is known an elevator system with a drive motor, which is arranged between the elevator car and the elevator shaft side wall. Herein, a counterweight is additionally provided, which is also arranged within the elevator shaft. The drive motor is connected to the elevator car via at least one flat rope. This motor also requires a lot of space.
The document WO 02/103883 A1 describes an electric motor, which is especially provided for an elevator drive. This motor comprises a stator and a rotor, the stator and/or the rotor comprising at least a plastics part serving as housing or body respectively, in which electromagnetic and/or permanently magnetic functional elements of the stator and/or rotor are, at least in part, embedded.


An electronic device including a plurality of antennas is provided. The electronic device includes a first radiator including at least one matching block that is connected with a ground area and at least one side of the first radiator. The first radiator is configured to transmit and receive a first frequency signal through a first antenna resonance length corresponding to a first area of the first radiator, and to transmit and receive a second frequency signal through a second antenna resonance length corresponding to a second area opposite to the first area. A second radiator is connected with the ground area and is configured to transmit and receive a third frequency signal through a third antenna resonance length corresponding to a third area adjacent to the first radiator.

1. Field of the Disclosure
The present disclosure relates generally to an antenna, and more particularly, to an electronic device that includes an antenna having at least one matching block which connects with a ground area and with a side of at least one antenna radiator.
2. Description of the Related Art
Wireless communication technology allows users to transmit and receive various types of information such as text, image, video or voice. Wireless communication technology is steadily advancing to transmit and receive more information in a higher speed. Along with advancement of wireless communication, electronic devices such as smartphones or tablet computers, which are operable in wireless communication, provide service using communication functions such as digital multimedia broadcasting (DMB), global positioning system (GPS), Wi-Fi, or long-term evolution (LTE). An electronic device for providing such a service using a communication function may comprise one or more antennas.
In providing various services using wireless communication, the number of frequency bands could increase in need and an electronic device may comprise a plurality of antennas. In the case that a plurality of antennas are implemented in a confined area, it becomes difficult to secure isolation between antennas, which, in turn, can lead to radiation performance degradation, due to interference between the antennas. Moreover, resonance optimization could be difficult to achieve in a desired frequency band.

Antenna and electronics device including the same


This invention describes a method for efficient beamforming for generalized sidelobe canceling using complementary noise separation filtering for generating a noise reference for adaptation performance of an adaptive interference canceller (AIC). The adaptive filter provides noise estimates to be subtracted from the desired signal path providing further noise reduction in the system output. More specifically, the present invention relates to a multi-microphone beamforming system similar to a generalized sidelobe canceller (GSC) structure, but the difference with the conventional GSC method is that the complementary filter used for desired signal blocking can be realized with a simple subtraction without compromising the beam steering flexibility of the polynomial beamforming filter front end using the desired target signal and the complementary background noise estimate signal, respectively, with the complexity of one complementary filter and one sum beamformer.

A beam, referred to in the present invention, is a processed output target signal of multiple receivers. A beamformer is a spatial filter that processes multiple input signals (spatial samples of a wave field) and provides a single output picking up the desired signal while filtering out the signals coming from other directions. The term adaptive beamformer refers to a well-known generalized sidelobe canceller (GSC), which is a combination of a beamformer providing the desired signal output and an adaptive interference canceller (AIC) part that produces noise estimates that are then subtracted from the desired signal output further reducing any ambient noise left there on the desired signal path. There are also other adaptive beamforming methods and their modifications but they all have the same fundamental problems. Desired signal is, e.g. a speech signal coming from the direction of the source and noise signals are all other signals present in the environment including reverberated components of the desired signal. Reverberation occurs when a signal (acoustical pressure wave or electromagnetic radiation) hits an obstacle and changes its direction possibly reflecting back to the system from another direction.
Filter and sum beamformers provide a robust beamforming technique that is very flexible and can be optimized for many array configurations. The main disadvantage of filter and sum beamformers is that the number of microphones and the size of the array set a limit to their performance. In mobile applications the size of the array is usually limited by the physical size of the product and the increase in the number of microphones introduces undesirable mechanical design complications and increases the manufacturing costs. Therefore, techniques that improve the beamformer performance through improved digital signal processing techniques can reuse the CPU capabilities of the product platform and provide a cost efficient multi-microphone front-end compared to increasing the number of microphones.
A major problem in prior-art GSC adaptive filtering is the desired signal leakage to the adaptive filters that causes desired signal deterioration in the system output. The operation of the adaptive filter influenced dramatically by the characteristics of the background noise estimate. When the desired signal is "leaking" to the background noise estimate, the adaptive filter will try to remove those signal components from the (desired) output. This is a typical problem in nearly all prior-art adaptive beamforming filter systems.
Also, when the target is moving, the beam direction must be changed accordingly requiring calculation of a new blocking matrix or using pre-steering as described by Claesson and Nordholm, "A Spatial Filtering Approach to Robust Adaptive Beaming", IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 40, No. 9, Sep. 1992. In prior-art systems steering is typically not considered and the beamformer is assumed to point in only one known fixed look (target) direction. Products that utilize multimicrophone beamforming do not follow the target signal either.
In conventional GSCs, it can be possible to try preventing a desired signal cancellation by restricting the performance of the adaptive filters (e.g. leaky LMS, least-mean-square) and/or widening the spatial angle used for blocking. Usually this means that there is a compromise between the desired protection of the desired signal and cancellation of the background noise. The operation of several adaptive methods is also relying on rather advanced control of the adaptive filter. The filter adaptation is only active when the desired signal is not present. This tries to prevent the adaptive filter to adapt to the signal characteristics of the desired signal.
Prior-art solutions are sub-optimal in a sense that they (e.g., leaky LMS adaptive filters) may not provide as good interference cancellation as would be possible without restricting the performance of the adaptive filter. Also, the blocking matrix is conventionally formed as a filter that is calculated as a complement to the beamforming filter and, therefore, changing the look (target) direction of the beamformer requires typically a rather exhaustive recalculation of the complementary filter when the desired signal source moves around. Filtering characteristics of the typical blocking matrix "sub-filters" are usually quite limited in performance, these filters are usually just providing one null towards the source e.g. by subcontracting two parallel microphone signals aligned in phase towards the source direction.
The description of the beamforming filter response as a pair of 2D beamforming filters has been suggested by S. Nordebo et al., "Broadband adaptive beamforming: A design using 2-D spatial filters" Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, MI, USA 1993, but this article illustrates the design problem as a generalization of GSC filter design problems and no feasible implementation is described or suggested. In terms of memory efficiency or CPU load the suggested implementation provides no improvement. The memory efficiency in beam steering becomes increasingly important since the order of memory and CPU resources increases linearly with the number of blocking filters Bi as described by Nordebo et al. Direct application of Nordebo et al. method would suggest that complementary filters would be stored in memory, which requires that filter coefficients are stored separately for each look (target) direction. In that case, then, the actual look (target) direction of the beamformer is restricted to the look directions obtained from the pre-calculated filters in the memory. One more alternative is to use pre-steering of the array signals towards the desired signal source (desired signal is in-phase on all channels). However, pre-steering requires either analog delays or digital fractional delay filters, which, in turn, are rather long and therefore complex to implement.

Method for efficient beamforming using a complementary noise separation filter


There are provided a mobile communication terminal testing apparatus and a method of testing a mobile communication terminal capable of displaying an EVM for each slot. A mobile communication terminal testing apparatus 1 includes a reception unit 12 that receives a transmission signal of a radio frequency from a mobile communication terminal 2, converts the transmission signal into a baseband signal, and outputs the baseband signal as a reception signal having a digital value, an EVM measuring circuit 22 that measures the modulation accuracy of each symbol included in the reception signal, a slot selecting section 32 that selects at least one of a plurality of slots, and a display unit 43 that displays the EVM of each symbol included in the slot selected by the slot selecting section 32.

Conventionally, as a mobile communication terminal testing apparatus of this type, for example, one disclosed in Patent Document 1 is known. This mobile communication terminal testing apparatus includes a transmission circuit that transmits a signal to a mobile communication terminal and a reception circuit that receives a signal from the mobile communication terminal and is configured so as to test a mobile communication terminal by operating as a pseudo base station that transmits or receives signals to/from the mobile communication terminal. In Patent Document 1, as communication modes used by a mobile communication terminal, a code division multiple access (CDMA) type and a wideband-code division multiple access (W-CDMA) type are described.
As a next-generation telecommunication standard of the W-CDMA, a communication standard called long term evolution (LTE) according to the third generation partnership project (3GPP) has been reviewed and at present has started to be introduced. In the LTE, the orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) is employed for a downlink, and the single carrier-frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) is employed for an uplink (for example, see Non-Patent Document 1).
The OFDMA is a type in which a frequency band is divided into a plurality of narrow frequency bands (subcarriers), and transmission is performed by carrying data on each frequency band, and, by densely arranging the subcarriers in frequencies without interfering with each other while partly overlapping each other, high-speed transmission is realized, whereby the use efficiency of the frequency can be increased.
The SC-FDMA is a transmission type in which a frequency band is divided, and transmission is performed among a plurality of terminals using frequency bands different from each other, whereby the interference among the mobile communication terminals can be reduced. According to the SC-FDMA, a variation in the transmission power is decreased, whereby low power consumption of the terminals and a wide coverage can be realized.
In this SC-FDMA, a digital signal is transmitted in a format as illustrated in FIG. 12. In other words, in the time axis direction, slots each configured by seven SC-FDMA symbols and having a time width of 0.5 ms (milliseconds) are formed so as to be adjacent to each other. One subframe is configured by two slots, and one frame is configured by ten subframes.
In addition, each slot is divided in the frequency axis direction into a plurality of blocks used for allocating frequency bands. One resource block (hereinafter, abbreviated as "RB") is configured by 12 subcarriers (180 kHz) having an interval of 15 kHz as a unit in the frequency axis direction. According to the SC-FDMA, the RB is configured to be dynamically allocated to each mobile communication terminal. FIG. 12 illustrates an example in which RBs are respectively allocated to four mobile communication terminals UE1 to UE4.
As a test standard of a mobile communication terminal using the SC-FDMA, a test relating to an error vector magnitude (EVM: modulation accuracy) is defined (for example, see Non-Patent Document 2). In this test, two frames are measured by using a test pattern in which signals of eight slots are defined in one frame, and an average value of the EVMs corresponding to a total of 16 slots is acquired together. In a conventional mobile communication terminal testing apparatus, the EVM of a mobile communication terminal is evaluated based on this test standard.

Mobile communication terminal testing apparatus and method of testing mobile communication terminal