An electronic device and method and power supply are disclosed. The electronic device includes comprising a connector for electrically coupling with an external power supply unit, and a processor. The processor implements the method, which includes detecting a connection state with the external power supply unit, and detecting whether power supplied from the external power supply unit is abnormal, and controlling the power when the power supplied has an abnormal value. The power supply may include a connector for electrically coupling with an electronic device, and a processor for detecting a connection state with the electronic device, detecting whether power supplied to the electronic device by the power supply unit has an abnormal value, and controlling the supplied power when the power is abnormal.

Field of the Disclosure
This present disclosure relate to a method for controlling power of electronic device and electronic device thereof.
Description of the Related Art
Direct current power supplied by a power adapter may be used for charging a battery of an electronic device, such as a smartphone or tablets, etc., or for operating the device. Such power adapters come in many forms, including classifications such as a Travel Adapter (TA) adapted to be conveniently carried by a user, and a Cradle Adapter (CA) for safely supporting the smartphone or the tablet PC in an upright position while charging, etc.
Electronic devices such as smartphones and tablet PCs, etc. may be connected with the power adapter via a connector, which often include a plurality of pin terminals. The pin terminals of the connector are sometimes short-circuited by, for example, the presence of foreign material impeding electrical flow, or even physically short-circuited by force exerted by a user causing a poor or broken electrical connection, which may occur during an attachment or detachment process. In the case where pin terminals of the connector are short-circuited or bad connection is established, an abnormal overcurrent or overvoltage event may occur, and thus, the temperature of the shorted portion or neighboring portion of the pin terminal may rise rapidly, and an electronic components or other components of the pin terminal, the connector, etc. may be damaged or destroyed.

Method for controlling power of electronic device and electronic device thereof


A support device for a marine propulsion system, such as an outboard motor, provides a swivel bracket that is rotatable about a tilt axis relative to a transom bracket with a hydraulic cylinder formed as an integral part of the swivel bracket. A vertical plane in which a central axis of the hydraulic cylinder is disposed is positioned between and parallel to vertical planes in which the tilt axis and steering axis are disposed, respectively. The steering axis is rotatable about the tilt axis and a horizontal plane in which the central axis is disposed remains above a horizontal plane in which the tilt axis is disposed.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to a support device for a marine propulsion system and, more particularly, to a hydraulic steering system that is attached to a swivel bracket of an outboard motor support device.
2. Description of the Related Art
Many different systems are known to those skilled in the art which provide a hydraulic steering actuator for use with outboard motors.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,041,889, which issued to Blanchard on Aug. 16, 1977, describes a marine propulsion device steering assembly. An outboard motor includes a lower unit comprising a propeller adapted for rotation under water and a swivel bracket adapted for mounting to a transom bracket for vertical tilting movement about a generally horizontal axis. A kingpin assembly including a pivot shaft is supported by the swivel bracket for rotation about a generally vertical axis, the pivot axis having fixed thereto a pinion and means for supporting the lower unit. A rack is located below the generally horizontal axis and engages the pinion.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,127,856, which issued to Kabuto et al. on Jul. 7, 1992, describes a power steering system for an outboard motor. A power steering system for an outboard motor capable of permitting an electric motor to be driven only when the driving of the electric motor is required and automatically controlling the steering force of a steering wheel depending upon the steering reaction force is described. The system is so constructed that a steering cable is moved depending upon the rotation of the steering wheel and the movement of the steering cable is detected by means of a steering force sensor, which supplies a signal to a controller. The controller controls the output of the electric motor depending upon the signal.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,244,426, which issued to Miyashita et al. on Sep. 14, 1993, describes a power steering system for an outboard motor. A power steering system for an outboard motor for steering an outboard motor disposed outside of a rear portion of a hull and usually including a manual steering system mounted upon the hull for operating a steering element so as to manually steer the outboard motor body is disclosed. A power unit is operatively connected to the manual steering system and includes an electric motor for applying a steering assist force to the manual steering system. The power unit is located at the portion of the hull capable of effectively utilizing the inner space of the hull and the electric motor of the power unit is controlled by means of a control unit in accordance with the navigation conditions of the hull and the operating conditions of the outboard motor as detected by means of suitable sensors. The sensors comprise various sensors such as, for example, a steering torque sensor and an engine speed sensor.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,183,321, which issued to Alby et al. on Feb. 6, 2001, discloses an outboard motor with a hydraulic pump and an electric motor located within a steering mechanism. It comprises a pedestal that is attached to a transom of a boat, a motor support platform that is attached to the outboard motor, and a steering mechanism that is attached to both the pedestal and the motor support platform. It comprises a hydraulic tilting mechanism that is attached to the motor support platform and to the outboard motor. The outboard motor is rotatable about a tilt axis relative to both the pedestal and the motor support platform. A hydraulic pump is connected in fluid communication with the hydraulic tilting mechanism to provide pressurized fluid to cause the outboard motor to rotate about its tilting axis. An electric motor is connected in torque transmitting relation with the hydraulic pump. Both the electric motor and the hydraulic pump are disposed within the steering mechanism.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,276,977, which issued to Treinen et al. on Aug. 21, 2001, discloses an integrated hydraulic steering actuator. The actuator is provided for an outboard motor system in which the cylinder and piston of the actuator are disposed within a cylindrical cavity inside a cylindrical portion of the swivel bracket. The piston within the cylinder of the actuator is attached to at least one rod that extends through clearance holes of a clamp bracket and is connected to a steering arm of the outboard motor. The one or more rods attached to the piston are aligned coaxially with an axis of rotation about which the swivel bracket rotates and the outboard motor is trimmed.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,402,577, which issued to Treinen et al. on Jun. 11, 2002, discloses an integrated hydraulic steering system for a marine propulsion unit. The system is provided in which a steering actuator is an integral portion of the support structure of a marine propulsion system. A steering arm is contained completely within the support structure of the marine propulsion system and disposed about its steering axis. An extension of the steering arm extends into a sliding joint which has a linear component and a rotational component which allow the extension of the steering arm to move relative to a movable second portion of the steering actuator. The movable second portion of the steering actuator moves linearly within a cylinder cavity formed in a first portion of the steering actuator.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,406,340, which issued to Fetchko et al. on Jun. 18, 2002, describes a twin outboard motor hydraulic steering system. The assembly applies a force to the tiller arms of twin marine, outboard propulsion units and rotates the propulsion units about a steering axis between a center position and hard over positions to each side of the center position. Each propulsion unit is supported for arcuate movement about a tilt axis which is generally perpendicular to the steering axis. There is a hydraulic steering apparatus mounted on a first of the propulsion units which includes a hydraulic cylinder pivotally connected to a member which is pivotally mounted on the tiller arm of the first propulsion unit.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,821,168, which issued to Fisher et al. on Nov. 23, 2004, discloses a power steering system for a marine vessel. An outboard motor is provided with an internally contained cylinder and movable piston. The piston is caused to move by changes in differential pressure between first and second cavities within the cylinder. By adding a hydraulic pump and a steering valve, the hydraulic steering system described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,402,577 is converted to a power hydraulic steering system by adding a hydraulic pump and a steering valve to a manual hydraulic steering system.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,883,451, which issued to Takada et al. on Apr. 26, 2005, describes an outboard motor steering system. The steering system is for an outboard motor mounted on a stern of a boat with an internal combustion engine at is its upper portion and a propeller with a rudder at its lower portion powered by the engine to propel and steer the boat. The system includes a swivel shaft connected to the propeller to turn it relative to the boat, a swivel case fixed to the outboard motor and rotatably accommodating the swivel shaft, and a hydraulic actuator connected to the swivel shaft to rotate it. The actuator has a shape whose height is larger than its width and is installed in such a manner that a direction of the height is in parallel with a vertical direction, so as not to project outside a profile of the outboard motor, obtained by looking down the outboard motor from downward, regardless of a steering angle of the outboard motor.
The patents described above are hereby expressly incorporated by reference in the description of the present invention.

Hydraulic steering device for a marine propulsion system


A method of integrating a phase change switch (PCS) into a Bipolar (Bi)/Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) (BiCMOS) process, comprises providing a base structure including BiCMOS circuitry on a semiconductor substrate, and forming on the base structure a dielectric contact window layer having metal through-plugs that contact the BiCMOS circuitry. The method includes constructing the PCS on the contact window layer. The PCS includes: a phase change region, between ohmic contacts on the phase change region, to operate as a switch controlled by heat. The method further includes forming, on the contact window layer and the PCS, a stack of alternating patterned metal layers and dielectric layers that interconnect the patterned metal layers, such that the stack connects a first of the ohmic contacts to the BiCMOS circuitry and provides connections to a second of the ohmic contacts and to the resistive heater.

Silicon-Germanium (SiGe) heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) and bipolar (Bi)/complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) (BiCMOS) circuits and systems are promising, readily available, technologies for ultra-high frequency applications in the radio frequency (RF) and terahertz range. SiGe BiCMOS devices and circuits that integrate the devices have been demonstrated for maximum operating frequency ranges as low as 5 GHz and as high as 700 GHz, but can operate also at lower frequencies, and are capable of integrating multiple speed and power devices in single integrated circuits (ICs). The frequency and power ranges are tuned for a particular application by altering the device geometry (e.g., smaller devices being for higher frequency applications) and the base epitaxy thickness (e.g., thinner epitaxy being for higher frequency applications). Furthermore, implementation of SiGe HBTs represents a significant enhancement over the use of III-V microelectronics in that the system-on-a-chip (SoC) concept can be leveraged, creating multi-functional electronics with reduced size, weight, and packaging, at a reduced cost.
While SiGe HBTs in BiCMOS circuits have displayed increasing RF performance and become ubiquitous replacements for expensive III-V microelectronics, conventional switching technology configured to switch into and between those transistors in a convenient, fast, and non-invasive manner has not evolved commensurately. As a result, the conventional switching technology either severely limits, or cannot support, high-speed switch-based applications for BiCMOS circuits, such as circuit programmability/re-programmability, on-chip repair, and the like.

Method to integrate DC and RF phase change switches into high-speed SiGe BiCMOS


A skin composition which is at least substantially anhydrous and comprises                a) At least one water immiscible emollient oil in sufficient quantity to provide emolliency to skin,        b) At least one emulsifying agent capable of forming an emulsion, in situ, on the skin with the above oil when water is added to the said composition, the said emulsifier in such quantities that the oil is substantially removed from the skin,        c) A water soluble, at least substantially insoluble in the composition skin exfoliative and/or skin polishing material in sufficient quantities to remove dead cells from the skin during application of the composition and,        d) At least one wax in sufficient quantity to at least enhance the physical stabilization of the composition.

Aqueous skin cleansing compositions have been used for centuries. The problems with them are well known with respect to removing oil based skin deposits or leaving the skin too dry. Likewise oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions also have various difficulties. These and various other issues have been disclosed in WO 01/85103, published on Nov. 15, 2001.
Prior attempts have been made to overcome the foregoing problems of aqueous emulsions by employing anhydrous skin cleansers. Anhydrous skin cleansers, sometimes called waterless cleansers, typically contain high concentrations of water-insoluble solvents, which makes them generally effective at removing oily undesirable moieties from the skin, but less effective in removing water-soluble undesirables. Further, anhydrous skin cleansers typically are not cosmetically elegant tending to have a heavy, greasy feel making them unappealing to the touch and are not easily removed from the skin. They generally must be wiped off with toweling, leaving the skin feeling greasy or need to be washed off with strong soap, leaving the skin feeling harsh and dry.
Various solutions to these problems have been proposed in the prior art. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,673,526 proposes an anhydrous three component system designed for skin cleansing having a solid particulate matter of various polymers to remove oily particles while being essentially multiphase. The publication WO 01/85103 discloses a substantially anhydrous four component system comprising a) at least one water-immiscible cosmetic emollient oil, the cosmetic emollient oil comprising a major portion of the formulation; b) at least one oil-gelling agent that is both water-insoluble and oil-insoluble; c) at least one emulsifying agent capable of forming an emulsion, in situ, on the skin when a small amount of water is added gradually to the substantially anhydrous formulation during use; and d) a substantially crystalline water-soluble, abrasive material that is substantially insoluble in the substantially anhydrous vehicle of the formulation.
However, each one of them is not totally satisfactory in at least one parameter. A composition within WO 01/85103 has 5-8 wt % oil separation at the top, for example. Because of separation, obtaining the same product distribution with continuous uses and, therefore, giving equivalent benefits is difficult. Additionally, the U.S. Pat. No. 4,673,526 patent composition is limited to cleansing by removal of oily substances on the skin without the addition of fat bodies to the skin. The WO 01/85103 composition should be removed from the skin with a relatively small amount of water, preferably up to 2 parts of the actual oily composition on the skin. These, and other disadvantages can be overcome by the discovery and use of a new at least substantially anhydrous skin cleansing composition.
The present anhydrous skin cleansers provide skin cleansing exfoliation and/or polishing in a cosmetically aesthetic vehicle while, at the same time, leaving the skin exceptionally soft, smooth and moisturized. The composition has at least enhanced phase stability, can polish and/or exfoliate the skin, and can be effectively removed from the skin with varying amounts of water.


An OLED component is disclosed, which relates to the technical field of display panel. The OLED component comprises a TFT substrate, a coating zone, a sealant, a cover and a photo spacer. The coating zone is located at a center of the TFT substrate; the sealant is arranged around the coating zone; the cover is arranged above the coating zone and the sealant; and the photo spacer is arranged on an upper surface of the coating zone for supporting the cover. Since the photo spacer is arranged on the upper surface of the coating zone, an alignment accuracy can be improved, and the OLED component can be easily manufactured. Meanwhile, a cell thickness uniformity of a large-sized panel can be maintained, and occurrence of Newton rings can be avoided.

Organic light emitting diode (OLED) component has been widely used for its advantages such as good self-luminescence, high contrast, rapid response, and flexible display. A traditional OLED is made through vacuum evaporation technology. At present, mass production can be realized. However, in the technology, a fine mask is needed, which leads to low material utilization. Besides, with respect to large-sized panels, there are many challenges in the manufacturing technology of the mask. In recent years, printing display technology (ink jet printing, IJP) has been developed rapidly. IJP is a best way to realize large-size and low cost production of OLED.
To produce an OLED by IJP, it is necessary to modify a pixel definition layer and a substrate electrode, so that ink can fall into a pixel accurately and no overflow phenomenon occurs. In the prior art, flow spread of ink droplets in different cross sections is researched, and a substrate is performed by hydrophilic or hydrophobic patterning. The droplets will flow to a hydrophilic interface at a certain landing speed, and has a function of forming a trace pattern. Therefore, the substrate electrode and the pixel definition layer which contact the ink can be performed by hydrophilic or hydrophobic patterning (the substrate electrode is an ITO, i.e., a hydrophilic surface, while the pixel definition layer is a hydrophobic surface), so that the ink flows into the pixel.
In a process of manufacturing an OLED component, in order to prevent the cover from damaging the OLED component (for example, a cathode layer, a polarizer, etc.) when the cover is impacted by an external force, and to enable the entire component to have a certain pressure resistance, in the prior art, a plurality of photo spacers are usually arranged on a TFT substrate. The photo spacers have another function, i.e., they can maintain a cell thickness uniformity of a large-sized panel so as to avoid the occurrence of Newton rings.
A surface of the pixel definition layer on the substrate used in the OLED produced by IJP is hydrophobic, and a photo spacer is usually made of an organic photoresist, which cannot spread on a hydrophobic surface. In general, the photo spacer is formed on the cover. In this manner, there is a high requirement for an alignment accuracy of a device, and thus the device is difficult to be manufactured.

OLED component and method for manufacturing the same

SHENZHEN CHINA STAR OPTOELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.


A method of producing a multi-apertured component for providing a predetermined fluid flow includes the steps of dividing the component into regions in which the apertures are to be formed, forming a portion of the apertures in a first region in accordance with assumed parameters, measuring the fluid flow through the apertures and correcting, if necessary, the assumed parameters for the apertures in the first region to provide the fluid flow required through the first region and the assumed parameters for each of the other regions, and completing drilling of the apertures in the first region and in each of the other regions.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method of producing a multi-apertured component having in use a fluid flow therethrough which is as close as possible to a predetermined value. The invention is applicable in particular to the production of components for a gas turbine, such as turbine blades or combustor cooling rings.
In producing components of the above-mentioned type, it is desirable that the fluid flow through the apertures be as close as possible to a predetermined desired value. Conventionally, the apertures are formed (such as by laser drilling) using specific process parameters and, after all of the apertures having been so produced, the overall fluid flow through the component is measured to check that it comes reasonably close to the desired value. Using this technique, it is possible to achieve a typical tolerance of .+-.10%.
2. The Prior Art
EP-A-0417917 discloses methods of forming multi-apertured components to much closer tolerances in which a first aperture or a first series of apertures is formed in a component and, subsequently at least one further aperture or at least one further series of apertures is formed in the component, prior to the formation of each such further aperture or series of apertures, the fluid flow through substantially all of the previously-formed apertures is measured, the measured fluid flow is compared with the predetermined value, and the size of the further aperture or further series of apertures is adjusted in accordance with the comparison.
U.K. Patent Publication No. 2239206 discloses a process for measuring the size of high-precision through-bores produced by laser radiation in workpieces during a boring process. Each bore is made by means of a plurality of successive energy pulses, the focal points of which are offset relative to one another in relation to the bore axis. The measurement variable is obtained from a fluid flowing through the through-bore and supplied to the boring point of the workpiece at a predetermined constant pressure. An enclosure for the fluid is provided by a chamber whose pressure is monitored in a bore to provide control of the laser in response to a comparator which also receives a desired value from a transmitter.
Desirably, the fluid flow is measured as a pressure differential across the apertures produced by a constant mass flow of fluid. The constant mass flow of fluid is advantageously produced using a critical flow nozzle and a pressure regulator upstream thereof.

Method of producing a multi-apertured component


A system and method for slowing down degeneration of central nervous system caused by Parkinson's disease, which comprises an energy wave generator has an energy wave's frequency control mode. The energy wave's frequency control mode includes multiple controls for acting the energy wave generator to generate and emit energy waves each with a corresponding energy density. The energy density is calculated by a corresponding base frequency, a sweep bandwidth of the corresponding base frequency, an emission rate and a total time of emission in a duty cycle, so that the energy waves with the corresponding energy densities effecting on the body of animals or human to slow down degeneration of central nervous system caused by Parkinson's disease.

1. Fields of the invention
The present invention relates to a system and method for slowing down degeneration of central nervous system caused by Parkinson's disease, and more particularly, to a technology for controlling and emitting energy waves to improve the symptoms of Parkinson's disease.
2. Descriptions of Related Art
Human life and the elderly population drastically increase because of the advances of technologies, most countries have entered into aging societies now, but unfortunately the number of Parkinson's disease has largely and continuously increased relatively, and the required medical treatments and health cares also have formed significant burdens of the societies. According to the current medical researches, the Parkinson's disease is a disease cause by the rapid deterioration of the basal ganglia and substantia nigra of brain cells. In short, Parkinson's disease is mainly due to the human brain can't produce enough nerve guides (Dopamine) and the raising of the anticholinergic effects.
Generally, the human brain needs the dopamine to direct the activities of muscles. When the dopamine is lack, various kinds of barriers of physical activities will produce. Substantia nigra is for manufacturing dopamine neurons, and dopamine neurons are important components of the basal ganglia. The basal ganglia are complex circuit buried deeply in the brain, which is responsible for fine-tuning and coordinating movement. When dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra are in the beginning of death, although the brain can't make up these dead cells and are still able to function properly, however, when the number of these special cells death more than half once, including the thalamus, basal ganglia and cerebral cortex can't be united and harmoniously functioned, and result in triggering actions such as delays, errors start, halfway and so on. In other words, the Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease of elders like Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Therefore, Parkinson's disease is gradually replacing the cancer to become one of the causes of death.
Moreover, Parkinson's disease is a chronic disorder of the central nervous system, the causes is still unknown by the medical profession so far. The main symptoms of Parkinson's disease include resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, bradykinesias, postural instability, poor balance, constipation, slow speech, dull tone and writing to smaller gradually and so on. Parkinson's patients do not only lose the ability to self-control muscles, but also need their families to help and care their daily life, coupled with the reasons that the current health care system is unable to fully cure for Parkinson's disease and patients need long-term observations and treatments, along with the rising of suffering ratio, and the families of the patient and community resources are under a heavy burden. Therefore, how to develop an effective mitigation of suffering due to degeneration of the central nervous system caused by Parkinson's disease has become an anxious technical problem to be solved and improved by the technology industry.
To apply wave energy in sound, electromagnetic or optical form effecting on plant, animal or human, to promote cell growth, or inhibit the growth of foreign cells, or produce specific physiological or psychological treatment or soothing, is currently quite universally endorsed technology and research. But currently available conventional arts are only roughly using a simple fixed frequency wave energy of simply combination of low and high frequencies to act on the human body, they are not in-depth studied to know and have what kind energy wave with controls of combination of specific different frequencies is effective for corresponding diseases and physical discomfort, and they are only rough frequency energy wave regardless what kind illness or physical discomfort to be applied for, so the effectiveness of treatment or relieve of symptoms must be unable to highlight.
Since the biological resonant waves probably have high efficacy in improvement of physiological faculty and curing diseases, and the inventor of the present patent application has researched for a long time to apply the resonant energy wave to improve some kinds of physiological faculty and cure some diseases. The inventor had an invention of system and method for emitting energy wave by specific frequency controls to reduce or eliminate high blood sugar factor of diabetes, and such invention had been issued for Taiwanese patent No. 1453046 and U.S. Pat. No. 9,421,368. After the aforementioned invention, the inventor of the present patent application puts into research applying serial specific controls of energy wave for alleviating or curing diseases such as the present invention for improving the symptoms of the Parkinson's disease.

System and method for slowing down degeneration of central nervous system caused by Parkinson's disease


A routing node communicates between subscribers of different application-layer mobile communications protocols, such as IS-41 and GSM, without converting each IS-41 message to GSM and vice versa. Rather than converting each message to the protocol of the intended recipient, the routing node functions as an HLR to provide the location of a mobile subscriber in a different application-layer mobile communications protocol and as an MSC to forward short message service messages to a short message service center of the other application-layer mobile communications protocol.

The present invention relates generally to methods and systems for communicating between subscribers of different application-layer mobile communications protocols. More particularly, the present invention relates to methods and systems for establishing calls and forwarding short message service messages between ANSI IS-41 mobile subscribers and GSM mobile subscribers.
American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Interim Standard 41 (IS-41) includes application-layer protocols used to set up mobile calls and deliver short message service messages between mobile subscribers. IS-41 is the dominant standard for mobile communications in North America. The Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) is the dominant standard in Europe. GSM networks provide services similar to those provided by ANSI networks, such as call delivery, short message service, mobility management, etc.
Because IS-41 and GSM standards each specify different messages for call setup and short message service, interworking systems have been developed. One type of interworking system that has been developed is a roaming gateway. A roaming gateway converts GSM messages to IS-41 messages and vice versa when a GSM subscriber is roaming in an IS-41 network or when an IS-41 mobile subscriber is roaming in a GSM network.
One problem with roaming gateways is that protocol conversion is performed for each message required to establish a call or deliver a short message service (SMS) message. For example, in order to deliver an SMS message from an IS-41 subscriber to a GSM subscriber, the IS-41 short message service center (SMSC) serving the IS-41 subscriber sends an IS-41 Short Message Service Request (SMSREQ) message to an IS-41 home location register (HLR). A roaming gateway receives the IS-41 SMSREQ Message, determines that the message is attempting to locate a GSM subscriber, converts the message into a GSM Send Routing Information for Short Message message, and forwards the message to a GSM HLR. The GSM HLR responds with a Send Routing Information for SM Acknowledge message that contains the MSC ID of the mobile switching center serving the intended recipient. The roaming gateway receives the Send Routing Information for SM Acknowledge message, converts the message into an IS-41 SMSREQ message containing the requested information and forwards the message to the IS-41 SMSC. This translation between GSM and IS-41 is repeated for each message transmitted between GSM and IS-41 network elements.
Translating each message required to set up a call or deliver an SMS message results in a high processing load on the translating node and increases call setup or SMS message delivery time. For example, because a roaming gateway is required to intercept and translate each message in a call flow, the roaming gateway may spend a significant amount of its processing resources on translating messages. The time required for translating each message can also increase call setup or SMS message delivery time. In addition, because the roaming gateway terminates IS-41 and GSM signaling, it is required to handle and translate error messages in both protocols. For instance, if a GSM short message service message recipient deactivates his or her mobile handset, the roaming gateway is responsible for receiving the GSM error message from the GSM MSC serving the called party, translating the error message to IS-41, and delivering the error message to the IS-41 SMSC. The roaming gateway may also be responsible for receiving a response from the IS-41 SMSC, translating the response to GSM, and forwarding the response to the serving GSM MSC. Handling and translating such error messages further increases the processing load on the roaming gateway.
Accordingly, there exists a long-felt need for improved methods and systems for setting up calls and delivering short message service messages between subscribers of different application-layer mobile communications protocols.
The present invention includes methods and systems for setting up calls and delivering short message service messages between mobile subscribers of different application-layer mobile communications protocols. As used herein, the phrase xe2x80x9capplication-layer mobile communications protocolxe2x80x9d refers to any protocol that operates at the application layer and is used for mobile call setup and short message service. Examples of application-layer mobile communications protocols include IS-41 and GSM.
According to one aspect, the present invention includes a routing node that receives either ANSI or GSM messages and emulates both HLR and MSC functionality to deliver SMS messages to a destination node without translating each message required to deliver the SMS messages. In the case where a GSM subscriber sends a short message service message to an IS-41 subscriber, the routing node receives a Send Routing Information for SM (SRI-SM) message from the SMSC serving the GSM subscriber. The routing node determines that the SRI-SM message is requesting routing information for an IS-41 subscriber. In response, rather than converting the SRI-SM message into an IS-41 SMSREQ message, the routing node responds to the SRI-SM message with an SRI-SM acknowledge message with the SMSC ID of an IS-41 SMSC stored in the mobile application part (MAP) MSC number field. The GSM SMSC that receives the SRI-SM ACK message interprets the SMSC ID as an MSC ID because of its location in the SRI-SM ACK message. As a result, the GSM SMSC sends a GSM mobile-terminated Forward Short Message (FSM) message that it believes is destined for a GSM MSC. By providing an IS-41 SMSC ID in the MSC ID field, the routing node eliminates the need for translation of the GSM SRI-SM message into an IS-41 SMSREQ message.
The routing node intercepts the mobile-terminated GSM Forward Short Message message transmitted by the GSM SMSC, determines it is destined for an IS-41 subscriber by examination of the number and maps the message to an IS-41 mobile-originated Short Message Delivery Point to Point (SMDPP) Invoke message. The routing node then forwards the mobile-originated SMDPP Invoke message to the IS-41 SMSC identified by the SMSC ID in the MSC number field. The IS-41 SMSC is responsible for delivering the message to the intended recipient. By converting the GSM mobile-terminated FSM message to a mobile-originated IS-41 SMDPP Invoke message, the routing node appears as an IS-41 MSC delivering a short message from a mobile station to the IS-41 network.
According to another aspect of the invention, the routing node is capable of forwarding IS-41-originating short message service messages to GSM subscribers without requiring translation of each IS-41 message to GSM and vice versa. In the IS-41-originating scenario, the routing node receives an SMSREQ Invoke message from an IS-41 SMSC. The routing node determines that the SMSREQ message is destined for a GSM subscriber and, in response, sends an SMSREQ Return Result message to the IS-41 SMSC. The routing node inserts its own point code and subsystem number in the SMS_Address field of the message, rather than the address of the MSC serving the intended recipient. However, because the PC and SSN values are in the SMS_Address field, the IS-41 SMSC interprets these values as being the address of the intended destination. Accordingly, the IS-41 SMSC formulates and sends a mobile-terminated SMDPP Invoke message using the point code and subsystem number of the routing node, rather than the destination switch.
When the routing node receives the SMDPP Invoke message, the routing node converts the mobile-terminated IS-41 SMDPP Invoke message to a mobile-originated GSM Forward Short Message message. The routing node sends the GSM MO Forward Short Message message to a GSM SMSC, which is responsible for delivering the message to the intended recipient. Because the routing node converts the mobile-terminated IS-41 messages to a mobile-originated GSM message, the receiving GSM SMSC believes the message to have originated from a GSM MSC receiving a message from a mobile station. As a result, the GSM SMSC simply delivers the message to its intended recipient without further involvement from the routing node.
According to yet another aspect, a routing node according to an embodiment of the present invention is capable of handling call signaling between IS-41 and GSM subscribers to establish calls between the subscribers without translating every message from IS-41 to GSM and vice versa. This applies particularly in the case where the technology, i.e., IS-41 or GSM, of the subscriber being called is not known by the MSC handling the call. The functionality for setting up calls is similar to that described above for delivering short message service messages in that when the routing node receives a location request of and the receiver uses a different application-layer mobile communications protocol than the sender, the routing node responds to the location request with the GSM or IS-41 Routing Number (RN). The sending MSC receives the location request response and sends an IAM message to the MSC serving the intended recipient. Because the routing node functions as pseudo-HLR, rather than simply a protocol converter, the routing node has a lower processing load than that of a conventional message routing gateway and reduces network traffic.

Methods and systems for communicating between subscribers of different application-layer mobile communications protocols


An electrical current return circuit for on-board avionic devices. A conductive metallic bar is attached to a conductive composite structure of an aircraft via insulating fixtures. The conductive metallic bar may be electrically coupled to on-board avionic devices so that a circuit is formed. A number of on-board devices may be connected to the circuit by way of various connector elements. The conductive metallic bar may also form part of a power grid.

Power is traditionally supplied to avionic equipment via a power cable at a non-null electrical potential and by return through the structure of the airplane by means of a metallic fixture to which the equipment is attached, at the null or grounding potential of the airplane.
The use of composite conductive structures is becoming more and more important in aircraft, with some such structures replacing metallic structures.
In the case of composite conductive structures, e.g. structures containing carbon and/or laminated aluminum/composite, the materials that, although they are conductive, do not exhibit the conductivity properties required in order to guarantee a sufficient return, and which may be sufficiently resistant to cause a consistent drop in voltage along the length of the current, overheating of the structure, or a fire hazard.
These structures, which do not constitute primary electrical structures, should not be used for current returns; the current return must be insulated from the conductive composite structure.
An additional problem is the fact that, if one chooses to manufacture a cable-based current return, it is necessary to configure the dimensions of the cable based on the distance to be traversed and the number of avionic devices connected, if the return cable is jointly used by more than one avionics, to provide several cables if a separate return is provided for, which complicates the design of electrical systems, increases the weight and cost of the system, and can be detrimental to the reliability of the system due to the complication of the power grid.

Electrical current return device for avionic equipment


An assembly of portable platforms is mounted and connected together on a ladder to provide a working platform.

Construction, of any type, is typically done in a dynamic environment. More specifically, most construction projects are subject to revision or modification during construction. Thus, the carpenters, or other construction persons, must have an ability to perform their job within the dynamic environment. Typical carpentry and other construction projects require an ability to fabricate construction elements at the job site. Often, the job site is at a remote location, or generally in an inconvenient location. There does not exist an inexpensive and reliable system for providing an elevated work surface at a remote site. There are portable tables on the market, but they are generally cumbersome, expensive and require additional equipment or tools at the job site. Also, to minimize unnecessary equipment and clutter, it is advantageous to have tools that can be used for more than one purpose.
Thus, there is a need for an inexpensive portable table that is reliable, accurate and easily integrated into and in part created from the worker's existing stable of tools.


An image display system includes a transmission unit configured to cause a terminal to transmit images to a server through a network, a storage configured to store the images transmitted by the transmission unit, a layout unit configured to write resized images of the images stored in the storage into a display buffer, and a display control unit configured to display resized images on the terminal, which are in a display region of the display buffer, wherein the display control unit is configured to change a position of the display region such that a first resized image is more frequently displayed than a second resized image.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an image display system, for example, to display of images stored in a server through a network in an image posting site of a social network service (SNS).
2. Description of the Related Art
Nowadays how to enjoy a photograph is diversified with the spread of a digital camera. Various items of image processing can be performed because of digital image data.
For example, Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publication No. 8-44867 (corresponding to U.S. Pat. No. 5,621,868) proposes a technology of generating and displaying an image (snapshot-to-painting conversion), which has a tone (for example, a painting-tone image) with an atmosphere different from an original photograph although based on the original photograph, by performing the image processing.
For example, in a technology disclosed in Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publication No. 2004-213598, the technology of Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publication No. 8-44867 is developed, features, such as color information and information on a feeling of a brush, are extracted from an image of a painting actually painted by a painter, and the photographed image is converted into a high-artistic-quality, painting-tone image in consideration of the whole original image by providing the extracted features to the photographed image.
There is also proposed a technology of bringing about a change by modifying image quality, such as the painting tone (for example, see Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKOKU Publication No. 1-46905 (corresponding to Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publication No. 60-198687, and U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,695,966 and 4,949,279)).
Because a powerful image processing engine is required to perform the snapshot-to-painting conversion, it is conceivable that the image processing engine is provided in the server on the network, that a user uploads a photograph of the user on the server to perform the image processing, such as the snapshot-to-painting conversion, on the server.
In such cases, the user wants to exhibit the photograph when producing an artwork by performing the snapshot-to-painting conversion to the photograph of the user, and the user wants to exhibit the photograph. One of the methods for satisfying the demand is to post the photograph on the network by the SNS (for example, see Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publication No. 2008-242639).
Hereinafter, the image in which the photograph of the user is uploaded on the server by the user and the image that is obtained through the image processing, such as the snapshot-to-painting conversion, on the server is referred to as "artwork."
There is well known a technology of selectively displaying an image of a display object in temporal order in displaying many (tens of thousands of) images (for example, see Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publication No. 2002-074322 (corresponding to U.S. Pat. No. 6,973,628 B2).
However, in the related art, because there is a limitation to the number of artworks that can be displayed at once, unfortunately a browsing property of the artwork is degraded when many users post a large amount of artworks on a server. Even if the technology disclosed in Jpn. Pat. Apple. KOKAI Publication No. 2002-074322 is used, there is also generated a problem in that the browsing property of many artworks cannot be improved such that an interest of the user is awaken.

Image display system, image display method, social network service system, and computer-readable medium


A grain tank cover having a tarp and support structure, the support structure including legs and an upper frame structure that are shiftable downwardly into the tank to assume a lowered position, and a domed structure extends upwardly from the upper frame structure and supports the tarp in a generally domed configuration in that location.

This invention relates to agricultural combine harvesters and the devices used to cover the grain tanks of such combines.
It is known to provide agricultural combine harvesters with a cover that extends over the open top of the vehicle""s grain tank. Such covers typically include a waterproof fabric that prevents rainwater and other debris from contacting the grain that accumulates in the grain tank. Many such grain tank covers are cumbersome structures which require considerable time and the use of tools to assemble and disassemble. Other covers include fabric that is ill fitted and allows undesirable pools of water to collect in pocket areas between portions of the support frame. This accumulated water can eventually leak through the fabric and contact the grain in the grain tank. Some prior art grain tank covers must be disassembled and removed from the top of the combine to provide clearance for the combine to pass beneath obstructions such as when passing through a barn door. The assembly and disassembly process for such covers can be undesirably complex and time consuming, subjects the fabric to possible tears, and allows hardware to be misplaced or lost.
The present invention provides a grain tank cover for a vehicle such as an agricultural combine harvester, wherein the cover includes a tarp and a support structure for supporting the tarp across the otherwise open top of the grain tank. The tarp is secured by straps and buckles to grain tank extensions that extend up from the top edges of the grain tank. The support structure includes legs that are coupled to the grain tank. The top ends of the legs are operatively coupled to each other by way of a frame structure near the top of the support structure. A dome structure is formed by flexible rods that extend across and are carried by the frame structure. The dome structure helps prevent rainwater from accumulating on the tarp.
The tarp and support structure can be shifted between a raised position during operation of the vehicle and a lowered position within the empty grain tank when the vehicle must pass beneath overhead obstructions during vehicle transport. The lower ends of a first set of legs are pivotally coupled with the combine vehicle. The first set of legs remain pivotally coupled to the combine via bolts or pins as the support structure pivots between the raised and lowered positions. The top portion of the first legs are connected as by bolts or pins to brackets which are fixed to the frame structure. The frame structure thereby remains fixed with the first legs as the first legs pivot between the raised and lowered positions.
The support structure also includes a set of second legs. The lower portions of the second set of legs are coupled via quick connection pins to brackets operatively mounted to the combine vehicle. The upper portions of the second set of legs are coupled via quick connection pins to brackets fixed to the frame structure. According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second set of legs are detachable from the frame structure and from the combine vehicle to allow the support structure to be changed from the raised position to the lowered position. When detached from the frame structure and vehicle, the second set of legs can be placed within the grain tank, and then the first set of legs and frame structure fixed thereto can be swung downwardly into the grain tank.
According to an alternative embodiment of the present invention the lower ends of the second legs remain pivotally attached to the vehicle, and can pivot to lowered positions within the grain tank after the upper ends of the second legs are detached from the frame structure.
The tarp shifts downwardly under its own weight as the support structure is lowered, and therefore the support structure and tarp are positioned within the grain tank when in the lowered position.
When the operator wishes to raise the support structure and tarp to their raised position he can do so by stepping into the grain tank and standing in a zippered opening in the tarp. The operator lifts the frame structure, which acts to pivot the first set of legs and frame structure about the pin connections to the grain tank. The operator then grabs one of the second legs and attaches it via a quick connection pin to its respective bracket fixed to the frame structure. While grasping this second leg the operator can then place the lower end of that second leg in the proper position and insert the quick connection pin that holds the lower end in place. When raised in this manner, the frame structure, first set of legs, and the second leg thereby form a rigid structure that bears its own weight and the weight of the tarp, and the operator can use both hands to grab the remaining second legs. The operator can then use both hands to attach the upper portions of the remaining second legs to the frame structure and the lower portions of said legs to the walls of the grain tank. When the support structure is fully assembled the operator can then exit the grain tank through the zippered opening in the tarp, close the zipper and resume harvesting operations.
The present invention thereby provides a grain tank cover that is easy to assemble atop the grain tank, and can be readily collapsed to a lowered position without the use of tools. When in the lowered position the entire grain tank cover according to the preferred embodiment can be positioned within the grain tank. The extensions can then be shifted down into the grain tank in conventional fashion. In the lowered configuration the grain tank cover is positioned beneath the top edge of the grain tank, thereby effectively lowering the height of the vehicle and providing greater clearance for the vehicle to pass beneath obstructions such as low overhead doors during vehicle transport and storage. The grain tank cover can then easily be shifted back to its raised position by an operator without the use of tools.


An embodiment of a body for a vehicle includes a plurality of interconnected, formed panels including a rear suspension mounting portion, a bulkhead, a floor pan and a front suspension mounting portion. The body further includes a unitary tubular support member extending from the front suspension mounting portion to the bulkhead. At least a portion of the support member is positioned above the floor pan.

Bodies for many vehicles typically include numerous structural and non-structural panels joined together to form a self-supporting, unitary, structural shell known as a uni-body. The uni-body eliminates the need for having a separate structural frame extending the length of the vehicle, as is required in traditional body-on-frame construction for vehicles, such as trucks. Generally, the uni-body panels include a front end, a cowl, a floor pan, a bulkhead, a trunk, and a roof, or hard top. Many uni-body vehicles include a front structural assembly and a rear structural assembly to facilitate affixing the body to the front and rear suspensions, respectively. These structural assemblies may include tubular members perimeter welded to the panels, or may be plates or additional panels formed as webs or reinforcement portions where a suspension portion is attached.
In many uni-body vehicles, the front end includes an engine compartment that partially encloses the engine. The front end is generally strengthened by the front suspension components in a lower portion, but experiences deflection due, at least in part, to the attachment of the front suspension to upper portions, such as shock towers. Many vehicles do not include any components to structurally stiffen and strengthen the front end, especially at upper portions of the shock towers.
Uni-body construction is well suited to a vehicle having a hard-top roof structure, such as a sedan or a coupe. In such a vehicle, the roof provides a portion of the structural strength and stiffness of the uni-body that is required for joining the engine and suspension components at the front of the vehicle to the rear suspension.
In vehicles such as convertibles or roadsters, however, having a soft-top or no top, or in vehicles where a significant portion of the top is removable, the remaining portion of the uni-body must include sufficient additional structure to provide a uni-body that is strong enough and stiff enough to withstand the static and dynamic loads incident with operation of the vehicle. In such vehicles, the number and material gage of the individual components of the uni-body must often be more than doubled in some areas to achieve the required structural strength and stiffness of the uni-body. Adding these components, and increasing the material thickness, undesirably increases the cost, weight and complexity of the uni-body of the vehicle, and can require that the assembly procedures on an assembly line be altered considerably for accommodating vehicles without hard-top roof structures.
Current body production methods may benefit from an improved architecture and method for producing a uni-body, providing the additional structural strength and stiffness required in certain types of vehicles, such as convertibles, roadsters, and vehicles where a significant portion of an otherwise hard-top roof are removable, that can be assembled on a conventional uni-body assembly line with common manufacturing techniques.


A method for the control and regulation of the oil pressure-gas pressure relationship of diaphragm compressors.

Applicant hereby claims foreign priority under 35 U.S.C. xc2xa7 119 from German Application No. 101 38 674.5 filed Aug. 7, 2001.
The invention concerns a method for the control and regulation of the oil pressure-gas pressure relationship of diaphragm compressors.
Diaphragm compressors operate similarly to normal piston compressors, but with a separating diaphragm between the gas side and the oil side. The oil side is formed by the usual piston-cylinder unit, whose working and dead volumes are filled with oil. On the gas side are gas suction and pressure valves. The volume displaced by the oscillating movement of the piston is transmitted to the diaphragm, which then on its gas side takes on the suction, the compression and the exhaust of the gases. Since the oil pressure during the entire reciprocating movement corresponds to the course of the suction and compression pressure in the gas side, one can here also talk in terms of the operating mode of a piston compressor.
A small difference to piston compressors exists however in that in the case of diaphragm compressors a secondary oil circuit must be installed to allow compensation for the leakage of oil. For this purpose a compensation pump, driven by an eccentric on the crank shaft is used. This in synchronism with each piston stroke sprays a small amount of oil into the oil space of the compressor.
This amount must theoretically be exactly so large as the leakage at the compressor piston. Since this cannot be technically realized, always an injected amount of oil is used which is larger than the leakage. This in turn has the result that with each stroke of the compressor piston somewhat too much oil is contained in the oil space, which then at the forward dead point of the diaphragm (=engaging the cover), leads to an uncontrollable increase in oil pressure. To prevent this, it is further necessary that an oil overflow valve be used, which limits the oil pressure at the forward dead point of the piston to a value which is slightly above the maximum pressure of the gas.
The relationship between the gas pressure and the oil pressure at the forward dead point established by the oil overflow valve is the most important functional interrelationship in a diaphragm compressor. The reliable functioning of a diaphragm compressor is only achieved if the oil pressure at the forward dead point is always higher than the gas pressure. If this is not the case, the operating area of the diaphragm constantly wanders further toward the area of the aperture plate curve. If the diaphragm indeed touches the aperture plate, because of the given surface relationship, a fast rise in oil pressure occurs, which can lead to the lifting of the cover. Further, high loading peaks occur with very steep flanks which are transmitted to the crank shaft drive mechanism. The cavitation development produced thereby has a negative effect on the service life of the diaphragm.
Therefore, the control and regulation of the relationship between the gas pressure and the oil pressure, established by the oil overflow valve, comes to have a great significance.
Because of the rapid pressure change corresponding to the rotational speed of the compressor, the oil pressure spikes first of late have been able to be captured by some few SPS-controls. These values are then compared with fixed given boundary values, whereupon then in the case of a negative comparison result the compressor is turned off. In this case however only the absolute value of the oil pressure is compared with a shut-off value and not its relation to the momentary gas pressure. The sensing of the relationship is also important insofar as one cannot view the gas pressure as being of constant magnitude, and instead this pressure in the case of an engagement disorder can move into forbidden high areas, or, as can yet more often appear, with the failure of a compressor valve the gas pressure at an intermediate stage can become greatly increased and get into the range of the oil pressure spikes. This damage possibility cannot be controlled by the rigid supervision of the oil pressure absolute value.
Further, an old construction is known in which the gas pressure directly works as a spring supplemental tension force from above onto the spring plate of the oil overflow valve through a small piston. In this case, the spring in its fundamental position is only so pretensioned that it can be uncovered by about 30% of the maximum gas pressure. Further pretensioning results then by way of the gas pressure occurring in the system. The inadequacies of this system lie in the friction of the piston seal at high gas pressures and in the corrosion which can cause a total seizing of the small piston. Further the system is too slow to be able to follow rapid gas pressure increases during the starting phase of a compressor.
The effects on the compressor are fatal in the event they lead to one of the described disturbances in the control piston drive. Therefore, it comes to the situation that it cannot be allowed that the oil pressure suddenly comes to lie in the gas pressure area for even the shortest amounts of time, for within seconds from the engagement of the diaphragm work area with the aperture plate the feared damage occurs.
The object of the invention is to provide a method whereby the control of a given minimum relationship between gas pressure and oil pressure is assured and in a further construction stage a given relationship value is regulatable by a regulating circuit.
The object is solved by the sensing of the oil pressure-gas pressure relationship with one electronic pressure sensor on the oil side of the diaphragm head and another electronic pressure sensor in the pressurized gas conductor on the gas discharge side of the diaphragm head, with an associated electronic evaluation of both signals to thereby obtain the relationship of the two pressures, as well as by the production of a signal upon the falling of the relationship below a given minimum relationship value, and further by the possibility of maintaining a given relationship of oil pressure and a variable gas pressure controlled and regulated by the electronic evaluation and by a relief mechanism of the oil overflow valve controlled by this electronic evaluation.
The invention is illustrated in the drawings and is hereinafter described in greater detail.

Method for the control and regulation of the oil pressure-gas pressure relationship of diaphragm compressors

Abstract: The function of a diaphragm compressor is mainly dependent on a given minimum relationship of gas pressure and oil pressure. When this is undershot a large direct damage or long term damage can result. Also there exists operating conditions with very different gas pressures for which the maintenance of a given predetermined relationship between gas pressure and oil pressure is of large advantage.

Abstract: The solution of the invention lies in the capture of the oil pressure-gas pressure relationship with an electronic pressure sensor on the oil side of the diaphragm head and another electronic pressure sensor on the gas outlet side of the diaphragm head, with an associated electronic evaluation circuit for both of the signals for determining from those signals the relationship of the two pressures as well as for producing a signal output upon the undershooting of a given minimum relationship. Further, in the control and regulation of the oil pressure-gas pressure relationship for maintaining a given relationship of oil pressure and a variable gas pressure, which gas pressure is controlled and regulated by the electronic evaluation circuit, an associated relief mechanism of the oil overflow valve is controlled by the electronic evaluation circuit.


A combination scraper and file tool is provided in which the file tool is removably secured in a top recess of an elongated hand grip of the scraper so that the file tool is always handy, ready to be used independently and in conjunction with the scraper when the file tool is removed. The scraper is designed so that mechanism is provided for enabling one of a stored scraper blades to be simultaneously available as a separate operative scraping blade.

The instant invention relates generally to hand tools and more specifically it relates to a combination scraper and file tool. Numerous hand tools have been provided in the prior art that are adapted to perform various operations for the people using the tools. While these units may be suitable for the particular purpose to which they address, they would not be as suitable for the purpose of the present invention as hereafter described.


Provided is a power supply apparatus with low power in a standby mode. The apparatus includes a voltage multiplier configured to multiply an input voltage and including a first terminal through which the multiplied voltage is output and a second terminal through which a voltage lower than a voltage of the first terminal is output; a main switch-mode power supply (SMPS) configured to receive the voltage of the first terminal of the voltage multiplier; and a standby SMPS configured to receive a voltage of the second terminal of the voltage multiplier.

1. Field of the Invention
The present general inventive concept relates to a power supply apparatus, and more particularly, to a power supply apparatus with low power in a standby mode.
2. Description of the Related Art
In order to reduce the sizes and heat generation of power supply apparatuses and economize on energy of systems, it is absolutely necessary for the power supply apparatuses to convert power at high efficiency. In particular, zero-voltage switching (ZVS) or zero-current switching (ZCS) is enabled using resonant converters with various shapes to minimize heat generation and power consumption of switch devices, so that power supply apparatuses can operate very efficiently at a rated load or higher.
In most resonant converters, as a primary-side circulating current increases, it causes more conduction loss, thereby degrading the efficiency of the resonant converters. Accordingly, it is more desirable to boost an input voltage. Therefore, in order to use a resonant converter in a place with a low input voltage of about 110V, it is necessary to boost the input voltage using a voltage controller, such as a boost-type active power factor correction (PFC) or a voltage multiplier. However, the boosting of the input voltage may result in the reduction of power efficiency in a standby mode. This is because power loss in the standby mode is mainly caused by switching loss, which is proportional to the square of the input voltage.
Therefore, developing a new technique for minimizing power consumption even in the standby mode is needed.

Power supply apparatus with low power in standby mode


A batting tee system includes a batting tee assembly that may be used with conventional balls or with the ball described as an embodiment of the present invention. Optionally, the batting tee assembly may be used with a netting system that provides feedback to a batter based on a trajectory of the ball after it has been struck by a bat and leaves the batting tee assembly. In one embodiment, the batting tee assembly includes a support base coupled to a swing arm, which in turn is coupled to an adjustable-height batting tee. The batting tee system may be configured for both left and right handed batters and also placed in a portable or storable configuration.

"Going with a pitch," a phrase used often in baseball, means knowing where to strike the ball depending on the location of the pitch as it crosses the plate. Advanced players work on this concept regularly, but conventional wisdom considers the concept too complicated for teaching to intermediate or younger players. Generally, intermediate and younger players are taught a proper batting stance and hitting mechanics through repetition using a conventional batting tee, soft toss pitching, full speed pitching (e.g., by a pitcher or pitching machine), or some combination thereof.

Batting tee system for bat-and-ball games


In measuring pattern with large process fluctuation, correct measurement cannot be carried out if noises, such as pattern that is not the subject to be measured, and dirt, are present in periphery of pattern to be measured in previously registered measurement region. Among the image data of sample, predetermined region aligned by pattern matching is set as region not to be measured that is excluded from subjects of pattern measurement. For example, in measuring pattern with large process fluctuation, only region including pattern with small process fluctuation is used in pattern matching, while in measuring the pattern, predetermined region, which was used in pattern matching and aligned, is set as region not to be measured. Stable pattern measurement can be easily carried out with respect to pattern with large process fluctuation, without being affected by region where measurement region and region not to be measured overlap with each other.

In recent years, with an increase in integration of semiconductor elements and a reduction in size of a semiconductor element, a technique for quickly and accurately inspecting a fine pattern becomes important. From such a background, with sophistication of an imaging device represented by an electron microscope and a video device, an image processing device has been put into practical use which has: a function to recognize a specific pattern included in an image, the image being obtained by imaging a sample with an imaging device, and the location thereof and carry out alignment between the specific pattern and a pattern on previously registered data (hereinafter, this function is referred to as "pattern matching"); and a function to measure the dimensions of a target pattern (hereinafter, this function is referred to as "pattern measurement").
Patent Literature 1 discloses an invention related to a method of precisely measuring a shape error, called a process fluctuation in a pattern forming step, between a pattern on an image of a sample and a pattern on previously registered data of the sample, wherein if the pattern measurement result is not appropriate, the size and/or location of a cursor are corrected.
Patent Literature 2 discloses a method including the steps of: when a pattern is measured by setting, imaging, and image-processing a target region including an edge of the pattern, calculating a shape difference between a pattern in a SEM image and a pattern in design data; based on this calculated information, specifying an inspection region with a measuring cursor; and managing the location and/or shape thereof as a measurement recipe, wherein if the location of the cursor is offset from the edge, the location of the cursor is shifted in accordance with the location of the edge so as to increase the distance between the edge and the cursor.
Patent Literature 3 discloses a method including the steps of: setting a mask region, which is excluded from a subject for pattern matching, in the image data of a sample; and if previously registered pattern data spans a target region and the mask region in the image data in a scanning stage, setting a processing condition based on the extent of overlapping with at least one of the target region and the mask region.

Pattern measuring method, pattern measuring apparatus, and program using same


Disclosed is a technique for controlling transition between an electric vehicle (EV) mode and a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) mode in a hybrid vehicle. More specifically, the technique includes first determining a drive mode of the hybrid vehicle by monitoring an average vehicle speed and an accelerator position sensor. Next, an engine on map value is determined for entering into the HEV mode and a hysteresis map value is determined for controlling the transition between the EV mode and the HEV mode based on a battery's state-of-charge (SOC), the average vehicle speed, and the drive mode; Based on the above steps, the technique determines whether the hybrid vehicle should transition between the EV mode or the HEV mode based on a driver's requisite torque calculated by monitoring the accelerator position sensor and a gear position sensor and on the determined engine on map value and hysteresis map value.

(a) Technical Field
The present invention relates to a technique for controlling transitioning between an electric vehicle (EV) mode and a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) mode in a hybrid vehicle. More particularly, it relates to a technique for controlling transitioning between an EV mode and an HEV mode in a hybrid vehicle, which determines a drive mode of the hybrid vehicle and determines an engine on map value and a hysteresis map value, which are related to the transition between the EV mode and the HEV mode, differently for each drive mode.
(b) Background Art
A hybrid vehicle is a vehicle that is powered two or more power sources. On well known hybrid vehicle is a gas/electric hybrid vehicle which is powered by both a gasoline engine and an electric motor. When the hybrid vehicle is driven by the gasoline engine in an inefficient driving environment, the efficiency of the overall system can be improved by charging or discharging the electric motor (load leveling). Moreover, during deceleration driving, frictional heat generated during a braking operation is converted into kinetic energy and emitted to the air. Here, it is possible to generate electricity (i.e., through a regenerative braking process) using the kinetic energy supplied by the braking action to rotate the electric motor in reverse and store the resulting electricity in a battery, thereby improving the fuel efficiency of the hybrid vehicle.
However, in a hybrid vehicle, the on/off control of the gasoline engine and the control of power distribution between the engine and the motor have a significant effect on the fuel efficiency and driving performance of the hybrid vehicle overall. Moreover, the on/off control of the engine and the control of power distribution between the engine and the motor are associated with various factors such as, for example, the vehicle's speed which his measured by a vehicle speed sensor, a value measured by an accelerator position sensor (APS), a value measured by a gear position sensor, a battery's state-of-charge (SOC), etc., and thus the on/off control of the engine and the control of power distribution between the engine and the motor are performed based on the combination of these factors.
In particular, it is often important to appropriately determine a specific time for transition between the EV mode and the HEV mode so that the battery's SOC is maintained within a normal range. That is, the hybrid system is controlled so that the EV region is reduced and the HEV region is extended when the battery's SOC is below a predetermined value and a driver's torque requisition is above a predetermined value. Conversely, the HEV region is reduced and the EV region is extended when the battery's SOC is above a second predetermined value and the driver's torque requisition is below another predetermined value.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a conventional technique for controlling transition between an EV mode and an HEV mode in a hybrid vehicle, in which the transition between the EV mode and the HEV mode is controlled based on the following factors. First, an engine on map value for entering the HEV mode is determined based on the battery's SOC and the vehicle speed. Moreover, a hysteresis map value is determined based on the battery's SOC and the vehicle speed to prevent frequent transition between the EV mode and the HEV mode. Furthermore, the driver's torque requisition is calculated by monitoring the accelerator position sensor and the gear position sensor.
Then, it is determined whether the vehicle enters into the EV mode or the HEV mode based on the determined engine on map value and hysteresis map value and the calculated driver torque requisition. That is, when the driver's torque requisition is greater than the engine on map value and exceeds the hysteresis map value, the vehicle enters into the HEV mode and, when the driver's request torque is smaller than the engine on map value and exceeds the hysteresis map value, the vehicle enters into the EV mode.
However, when the engine on map value and the hysteresis map value are determined based on only by the battery's SOC and the vehicle speed in the conventional control technique, the on/off control of the engine and the control of power distribution between the engine and the motor may be inefficient. In other words, the conventional control technique does not reflect other variables that may affect the on/off control of the engine and the control of power distribution between the engine and the motor, thereby having a negative impact on the fuel efficiency and driving performance of the hybrid vehicle.
The above information disclosed in this Background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the invention and therefore it may contain information that does not form the prior art that is already known in this country to a person of ordinary skill in the art.

Technique for controlling transition between EV mode and HEV mode in hybrid vehicle


Some of the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method of configuring a multi-function printer that includes printing, by the multi-function printer, a document, wherein the document is configured to receive information input from a user for configuring the multi-function printer. The method further includes scanning, by the multi-function printer, the document, wherein the document includes the information input by the user for configuring the multi-function printer. The method also includes responsive to the multi-function printer scanning the document, configuring the multi-function printer in accordance with the information input by the user for configuring the multi-function printer.

Multi-function printers are configured to perform various types of operations. These operations generally include at least printing and scanning operations. Thus, multi-function printers are popular peripheral devices for computing systems.
Today, many homes, small businesses, and even large businesses, are setting up computing networks via wireless local access networks. Such wireless local access networks allow for computing devices and peripheral devices to communicate with one another via a wireless access point. However, more and more of such wireless local access networks do not necessarily include a host device in the form of a wired computer that operates with some type of operating system such as, for example, Windows, Macintosh, Linux, etc. Accordingly, in order to add a peripheral device to a wireless local access network, such as a multi-function printer, and configure the peripheral device, a user often must go through a wireless computing device within the wireless local access network such as, for example, a smart phone, a tablet computing device, a notebook, a laptop, etc. Without a wired connection between one of these wireless computing devices and the peripheral device, it can be difficult to add the peripheral device to the wireless local access network and configure the peripheral device since such addition and configuration needs to be accomplished by a user physically interacting with the peripheral device. Generally, multi-function printers can include minimal user interfaces and screens for use by the user in order to maintain lower costs for the multi-function printer. Thus, it can be difficult to add a multi-function printer to the wireless local access network without physically coupling the multi-function printer to a wired computing device.

Method and system for configuring a printer using paper-based dialog boxes


A low temperature sintering ceramic composition can be sintered at 850 to 1,000° C., and the sintered ceramic has a low dielectric constant (9 or less at 16 Ghz or more) and a high Qf (10,000 or more). The composition can be co-sintered with wiring material containing Ag, Au, or Cu. The ceramic composition includes (by mass) CaO, MgO, and SiO2 in total: over 60% to 98.6%; Bi2O3: from 1% to under 35%; and Li2O: from 0.4% to under 6%; wherein (CaO+MgO) and SiO2 are contained in the molar ratio of from 1:1 to under 1:2.5.

In recent years, the arrival of a new era of information dissemination has required a high operation speed, high integration, and a high mounting density of a semiconductor device. In order to make a semiconductor device operate at a higher speed, it is indispensable to increase the signal propagation velocity on the circuit in addition to shortening the length of the wiring in the device. In this connection, the signal propagation velocity is inversely proportional to the square root of the relative dielectric constant of substrate material. For this reason, substrate material having a lower dielectric constant is becoming necessary. Furthermore, in order to attain the higher integration and the higher packaging density thereof, wiring material having low resistivity (Ag, Au, Cu, and the like) must be used. However, because these metals have a low melting point, it is necessary to use substrate material capable of sintering at a low temperature in the fabrication of a multi-layered printed wiring board that is obtained by sintering the substrate after the wiring pattern was printed thereon. For this reason, an alumina substrate (its dielectric constant: 9 to 9.5, and sintering temperature: approximately 1,500° C.) that has been so far widely used as substrate material for electronic component use are not applicable to high frequency printed circuit boards. Material that is other than this material, namely has a lower dielectric constant and can be sintered at a low temperature is required. In addition, the reduction of loss in a microwave zone and a millimeter-wave zone has been also required of the substrate material.
Therefore, recently, glass ceramic material composed of glass and inorganic filler has been studied for substrate material having a low dielectric constant, which can meet the increase of the operation speed. This type of glass ceramic material is suitable for insulating substrates for high frequency use because of having a low dielectric constant of 3 to 7, and can be advantageously co-sintered with Ag, Au, Cu, and the like each having a low conductor resistance, because the material can be sintered at a temperature of 800 to 1,000° C.
For example, JP-A-2000-188017 (U.S. Pat. No. 6,232,251), discloses a ceramic composition for high frequency use that includes a glass phase capable of precipitating a diopside (CaMgSi2O6) type crystal phase and an oxide containing Mg and/or Zn and Ti as the filler, and that can be sintered at a temperature of 1,000° C. or less. Furthermore, JP-A-2001-240470 discloses a printed wiring board for high frequency use that is composed of a crystallized glass component containing SiO2, Al2O3, MO (M denotes an alkaline earth metal element), and Pb, and at least one type of filler selected from a group of Al2O3, SiO2, MgTiO3, (Mg, Zn) TiO3, TiO2, SrTiO3, MgAl2O4, ZnAl2O4, cordierite, mullite, enstatite, willemite, CaAl2Si2O8, SrAl2Si2O8, (Sr, Ca)Al2Si2O8, and forsterite.
In addition, low temperature sintering ceramic compositions in which boron (B) is used as a sintering aide has been proposed (See JP-A-2002-037661, JP-A-2002-173367, etc.).
However, the above-described glass ceramic material, though having a low dielectric constant, has a high dielectric loss (tanδ) of approximately 2×10−3 or more in a high frequency zone of a signal frequency of 10 GHz or more, that is, substantially in the range of 5×103 to 8×103 in terms of Qf value; accordingly, it does not have the characteristics enough to be put into practical use as the substrate material for high frequency use. For example, the ceramic composition of JP-A-2000-037661 has a Qf value of at most 0.5×103 and the composition of JP-A-2002-173367 has a Qf value on the order of 5×103. Here, the Qf value denotes a product of a measuring frequency (f/GHz) and Q (≅1/tanδ).
Moreover, JP-A-2001-278657 discloses a low temperature sintering ceramic composition that includes a diopside crystal (CaMgSi2O6) phase serving as the main crystal phase, characterized in that the dielectric constant ε of the composition is 7 or less, and the Qf value thereof is 10,000 GHz or more. However, the composition disclosed JP-A-2001-278657 essentially requires being subjected to calcining treatment at 1,100° C. or more, which increases the energy cost and the environmental load when manufacturing the substrate.
For this reason, an object of the present invention is to provide a low temperature sintering ceramic composition that can be co-sintered with a low resistance metal such as Ag, Au, Cu, and the like, reduce the energy cost and the environmental load required when manufacturing the ceramic therefrom, and moreover realize the low dielectric constant and the low dielectric loss in a high frequency region, and to provide a fabricating method of the low temperature sintering ceramic.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Low temperature sintering ceramic composition for high frequency, method of fabricating the same and electronic component


Disclosed are systems, methods, and media capable of generating and implementing emergency flows. The emergency flow is highly customizable and can connect with various stakeholders (user, emergency contacts, corporate representatives, emergency service provider personnel, etc.). The systems, methods, and media can be triggered in various ways including user input (e.g. voice command) or by sensors (e.g. by using sound detection capabilities).

A person in an emergency may request help using a mobile communication device such as a cell phone to dial a designated emergency number like 9-1-1 or a direct access phone number for the local emergency service provider (e.g. an emergency dispatch center). This call is assigned to one or more first responders by the emergency service provider. However, these communications are typically limited to audio calls with narrow functionality since most emergency service providers that receive emergency calls currently lack the capacity for more sophisticated communications.

Modular emergency communication flow management system


A reinforcing-plate fixed to a reinforced semiconductor wafer is separated from the wafer which includes a semiconductor wafer, a double-side adhesive sheet having, on at least one surface thereof, a peelable adhesive layer stuck to a front face of the semiconductor wafer, and the reinforcing-plate fixed to the other adhesive layer of the double-side adhesive sheet. A method includes separating the reinforcing-plate together with the double-side adhesive sheet from the reinforced semiconductor wafer by the peeling-effect of the peelable adhesive layer of the double-side adhesive sheet. The method further includes separating the reinforcing-plate from an arbitrarily selected edge of the semiconductor wafer toward an edge thereof different from the above-mentioned edge.

Hitherto, as a working method for thinning a semiconductor wafer, there have been known mechanical and chemical methods such as grinding, polishing (CMP), and etching methods. In all of these methods, adopted is generally a process of sticking a protecting tape onto a semiconductor wafer front face on which a wiring pattern is formed to perform the protection of the wiring pattern and the fixation of the semiconductor wafer, and then thinning the rear face of the semiconductor wafer.
However, the strength and rigidity of the semiconductor wafer become lower as the semiconductor wafer is made thinner. As a result, the semiconductor wafer is broken due to a reduced strength of the semiconductor wafer, or is warped due to a reduced rigidity thereof. Under such a situation, it is necessary to handle semiconductor wafers with sufficient attention. However, even if semiconductor wafers are handled with sufficient attention, there is caused a problem that the semiconductor wafers are frequently broken so that the yield thereof falls. Additionally, there is caused a problem that the semiconductor wafers cannot be carried with a wafer carrier or the like by due to the reduced strength and rigidity of the semiconductor wafers by the thinning-work thereof, so that work efficiency drops.
Against these problems, there is suggested a method of fixing a reinforcing-plate through a double-side adhesive sheet onto a semiconductor wafer front face on which a pattern is formed and then subjecting the rear face of the reinforced semiconductor wafer to thinning-work (JP-A-2002-75937). Since the reinforcing-plate is easily separated after the semiconductor wafer is subjected to the thinning-work according to this method, this publication suggests using a peelable adhesive type double-side adhesive sheet which can be peeled by an external energy such as heat or ultraviolet ray. For example, in the case of the peeling-effect based on heat about the above-mentioned peelable adhesive type double-side adhesive sheet, the separation of the reinforcing-plate is started by the bubbling of the adhesive layer by action of the heat. In the case of the peeling-effect based on ultraviolet rays, the separation of the reinforcing-plate is started by the curing of the adhesive layer irradiated with the ultraviolet rays. The above-mentioned external energy is given to the whole of a face of the peelable adhesive type double-side adhesive sheet when the reinforcing-plate is separated.

Method and device for separating a reinforcing-plate fixed to a reinforced semiconductor wafer


There are provided a rail (10) in which a rolling member rolling surface (11) is formed along the longitudinal direction, a block (20) in which a loaded rolling member rolling surface (27) is formed in an opening (25) comprising a through hole, a plurality of balls (70) disposed and housed between the rolling member rolling surface (11) and the loaded rolling member rolling surface (27) which circulate according to the relative motion of the rail (10) and the block (20). A sectional shape at right angles to the longitudinal direction of the rail (10) and a sectional shape of the opening (25) are formed into a mutually geometrically similar longitudinal shape. The block (20) is a box type with high rigidity. A contact angle of the ball (70) can be optionally changed by changing the positions alone of the rolling member rolling surface 11 and the loaded rolling member rolling surface (27) to be machined on one type of the block (20) and the rail (10).

The present invention relates to a rolling guide device in which a block and a rail are relatively linearly movably engaged to each other via rows of infinitely circulating rolling members, a manufacturing method thereof, and a driving device including the rolling guide device.
Heretofore, there has been known a rolling guide device in which a block and a rail are linearly movably engaged to each other via a plurality of rolling members comprising infinitely circulating balls and rollers. To be specific, as shown in FIG. 8, the rolling guide device comprises a rail 80, a block 90 having a recess 93 formed on a lower surface thereof in which the rail 80 fits, and a number of rolling members 100 interposed so as to form a row between a rolling member rolling surface 81 of the rail 80 and a loaded rolling member rolling surface 91 of the block 90.
Here, the block 90 is provided with rolling member release holes 94 through which the rolling members 100 passed between each pair of the rolling member rolling surface 81 and the loaded rolling member rolling surface 91 are released and returned to an original position again to from an infinite circulation passage of the rolling members 100.
Furthermore, when the block 90 is linearly moved relatively along the rail 80, the rolling member's 100 are linearly moved while they roll between the rolling member rolling surface 81 and the loaded rolling member rolling surface 91, passed between the rolling member rolling surface 81 and the loaded rolling ember rolling surface 91, returned to the rolling member release hole 94 through a return passage provided in an end plate (not shown), and then supplied again between the rolling member rolling surface 81 and the loaded rolling member rolling surface 91.
However, for example, in the case that the block 90 is fixed and the rail 80 is moved in the aforesaid rolling guide device, and when a heavy piece is installed at a rail tip portion of the forward side of the rail 80 in FIG. 8 and a moment load is applied thereonto, the load imparts an uneven deformation onto the block 90, so that a deformation amount (an opening amount of the recess 93) is varied on the forward side and the backward side of the block 90 in FIG. 8, which leads to a problem that the position accuracy of the rail 80 is impaired.
In order to solve this problem, instead of the recess 93, a through hole may be provided at the center of the block 90 to pass the rail 80 through the inside of the through hole. If constituted in this manner, even in the case that an uneven load is applied onto one side of the rail 80 and the moment load is generated, the recess 93 will not be opened, so that the rail 80 can always securely be held.
However, even in the rolling guide device constituted in such a manner, machining positions of the opposing rolling member rolling surface 81 and the loaded rolling member rolling surface 91 are required to be changed to various positions (various contact angle positions) in accordance with purposes of use, and hence, the shape of an opening 25 of the block 90 and the external shape of the rail 80 must also be changed in accordance with the above change, thereby causing a complicated problem.

Rolling guide device and manufacturing method thereof, and driving device including the rolling guide device


A vibratory conveyor for transporting an object has a first housing wall with a first wall support and a second housing wall with a second wall support. A deck has a first lateral edge engaging the first wall support and a second lateral edge engaging the second wall support, so that the deck extends along a deck path and defines a conveyor surface adapted to receive the object. A force assembly is mechanically coupled to the deck and applies a force that bends the deck into an arcuate cross-sectional profile.

Vibratory conveyors are generally known in the art for transporting objects using a vibratory force. Such conveyors typically include a deck or other structure that has a conveying surface which defines a path along which objects are conveyed. Depending on the application, the path defined by the deck may be straight, curved, inclined, declined, spiral, or other configuration.
The deck is typically constructed of plate steel. As a result, when viewed in cross-section, the conveying surface defined by the deck is typically "flat" across the width of the deck. Stated alternatively, the conveying surface is substantially linear across its width.
While a flat deck is satisfactory for many applications, it may cause unintended and undesirable results when used to convey certain objects. For example, when conveying generally cylindrical objects such as cam shafts along a flat deck, the objects may roll transversely across the width of the deck, and therefore are not located on the deck with any degree of certainty. In addition, the cylindrical objects may become oriented transversely across the deck, and therefore more easily roll into and possibly damage other objects on the deck.
Flat decks are also difficult to employ for certain path configurations. In a spiral conveyor, for example, it is preferable to form the deck in a helicoid shape. To approximate the helicoid shape with flat plate steel, several bends such as cross crimps are typically formed in the deck. Such cross crimps, however, create abrupt changes in the pitch of the deck and cause the conveying surface to be non-linear across its width. Consequently, the cross-crimps create localized high wear area and non-uniform stresses in the deck. These problems are exacerbated during thermal expansion and contraction, which can be significant when the spiral conveyor is used for heating or cooling of the objects being conveyed. In addition, the need for cross crimps or other bends in the deck increases manufacturing costs and makes assembly more difficult, especially for conveyors that are constructed as multiple sub-assemblies that are mated together, such as for large conveyor sizes.

Vibratory conveyor deck with adjustable curvature