Methods and systems for recording and analyzing game session telemetry data are disclosed. A game console records telemetry data during a game session of a video game. The telemetry data may include location and time information for a player character performing various events in the video game. The telemetry data is sent to a title server corresponding to the video game, and the title server analyzes the data and stores the data in a database. A user, via a web site, can subsequently query the telemetry data stored in the database for user-specified criteria. A two-dimensional image of a view of the simulated environment within the video game is generated, overlaid with the location and time-based telemetry data, and is sent to the user for review and analysis.

Computer and video games have matured from the likes of "Pong" into epic adventures having rich storylines, photorealistic graphics, and complex interaction systems, thereby allowing a player to immerse herself in the alternative reality that is emulated by the video game. The term video or computer game typically refers to any game played on a data processing device. Examples of video games may include computer games, game console games (e.g., playable on the XBOX®, PLAYSTATION®, and/or NINTENDO® brand game consoles), coin-operated or token-operated arcade games, portable gaming device games (e.g., playable on the Nokia N-GAGE®, PLAYSTATION PORTABLE®, NINTENDO DS®, Gizmondo, mobile phone, etc.), or other software-driven games. A video or computer game may refer to any software driven application that provides a graphically depicted virtual environment, and having one or more objectives that one or more characters attempt to complete within the virtual environment under a set of predetermined constraints or rules. Each character controlled by a player/user may be referred to as a player-character (PC); each computer controlled character may be referred to as a non-player-character (NPC).
Video games can be divided into many genres, such as first-person shooters (FPS), role-playing games (RPG), simulation, sports, strategy, action and driving, to name a few. Each video game is not necessarily limited to a single genre, and may indeed encompass multiple genres. For example, an RPG generally refers to a game in which each participant assumes the role of a character in the game (such as a soldier, adventurer, monster, or other player-character) that can interact within the game's virtual world. RPGs are generally presented in third person perspective, i.e., the display screen provides a viewpoint as if the player is observing/interacting with the game from a point other than the player character's viewpoint. However, some RPGs are presented in first-person perspective.
Another genre of video games is referred to as the first-person shooter (FPS) genre. The display screen for FPS games typically provides a first person point of view, e.g., as if the player is viewing the video game's virtual world through the eyes of the character the player is controlling. Popular FPS games include the HALO®, DOOM®, QUAKE®, DUKE NUKEM™, and Half-Life® franchises. FPS games are very popular, in part because they are particularly well suited to multiplayer game play. In multiplayer play, each participant controls a player-character within the virtual environment, and the participants either work alone or in teams to complete their objective(s) for a particular game. Multiplayer FPS games may provide different objectives in various game modes, thus providing a variety of game play types to participants. Some known multiplayer game modes include every-man-for-himself, every-team-for-himself, capture the flag, assault, and king of the hill. Every-man-for-himself format, referred to in the HALO® franchise as Slayer mode, and referred to in the QUAKE® franchise as Deathmatch mode, refers to a multiplayer game where each participant tries to kill all other participants in the graphically simulated virtual environment, e.g., within a specific period of time, a specific number of times, etc. Every-team-for-itself refers to a multiplayer game where groups of participants attempt to kill competing groups of participants in the graphically simulated virtual environment. In capture the flag, the video game simulates a flag in the virtual environment, and teams compete to capture the flag from an initial position and return the flag to a home base of the capturing team. In the assault game mode, teams attempt to penetrate a home base of competing teams and plant a bomb or flag in the competing team's base. Finally, in king of the hill, players or teams attempt to control a specific location for a preset period of time. The first player or team to control the specific location for that preset period of time wins. Each of the above game modes may have various modifications and settings that can be customized from one game to the next.
Regardless of the game mode players naturally progress in skill, some faster than others, and certain players become very skilled at particular FPS games and game types. Other less-skilled players subsequently might have a difficult time developing skills as a result of being easily beaten by the more skilled players. While some games may provide post-game summary statistics, e.g., number of kills, number of times killed, special accomplishments, etc., games do not presently provide sufficient post-game analysis of how players accomplish feats, thereby giving less skilled players an opportunity to research tactics of more advanced players. Thus, it would be an advance in the art to provide a post-game analysis of how players accomplished one or more objectives, including where players were located to accomplish objectives, routes taken steal the flag or plant the bomb, and similar strategic information.

Game strategy analysis tool generating a two dimensional image overlaid with telemetry data


A wheel hub assembly is fitted to a vehicle axle via a wheel bearing mounted on the axle. The assembly includes a hub mountable on the wheel bearing and rotatable relative to the vehicle axle and fastening members to releasably secure the hub relative to the wheel bearing. The hub can be removed without removing the wheel bearing.

Known hub assemblies for vehicles, particularly large commercial vehicles, include a bearing having a split inner race mounted on a vehicle axle with a hub for mounting a vehicle wheel mounted to the outer race of the bearing. A lip on the hub positioned inboard of the bearing prevents the hub from being removed in an outboard direction without the bearing being simultaneously removed.
Hub removal may be necessary, for example, to replace a worn brake disc mounted inboard of the hub. Removing the bearing requires a relatively high disassembly time. Since split-race bearings are usually used, the most significant time overhead occurs during re-assembly because it is necessary to apply an accurate, predetermined amount of compressive force between the two inner races. If an antilock braking system (ABS) sensor is provided on the bearing, the disassembly and re-assembly procedure is further complicated.
The present invention seeks to overcome, or at least mitigate, the problems of the prior art.

Meritor Heavy Vehicle Systems Cameri SpA


A housing for protectively enclosing a printed circuit board, including a base, and a pair of parallel spaced vertical housing side walls extending upwardly from the base to define a chamber that receives the central portion of the printed circuit board, whereby the vertical edge portions of the board extend outwardly beyond the corresponding vertical edges of the housing side walls, respectively. Vertical side members having generally U-shaped horizontal cross-sectional configurations are mounted on the outwardly extending edge portions of the printed circuit board, respectively, with the leg portions of each side member extending between the housing side walls and the printed circuit board, respectively, whereby portions of housing side walls overlap the side member leg portions. The upper end of the chamber is closed by a lid member that is fastened between the upper ends of the side members.

1. Field of the Invention
A housing for protectively enclosing a printed circuit board includes a base, and a pair of parallel spaced vertical housing side walls extending upwardly from the base to define a chamber that receives the central portion of the printed circuit board with the vertical edge portions of the board extending outwardly beyond the corresponding vertical edges of the housing side walls, respectively. Vertical side members having generally U-shaped horizontal cross-sectional configurations are mounted on the outwardly extending edge portions of the printed circuit board, respectively, with the leg portions of each side member extending between the housing side walls and the printed circuit board, respectively, whereby portions of housing side walls overlap the side member leg portions.
2. Description of Related Art
Electronic housings are known as such, but require further design optimization in terms of their electromagnetic breakdown protection or their ESD (Electro Static Discharge) protection.
In a simple manner, the present invention was developed to create the possibility of designing a synthetic substance housing with the electronics contained therein with a printed circuit board in a particularly ESD-protected manner.
Preferably, on at least one or on the printed circuit board, there is/are arranged one or several connector plugs, and the lateral part or the lateral parts can be locked upon the connector plugs. This definitely simplifies the assembly job because the plug connectors and the side parts are LP preassembled on the printed circuit board, and this sensitive part is well protected in the housing base during assembly. In this way, at least one printed circuit board with the plug connectors and the side parts constitute a pre-assembled unit that can be inserted in the housing base.
In a particularly preferred manner, the plug connectors are made as pin strips or socket boards. Other embodiments, for example, in the form of an RJ45 plug—or socket—are also conceivable.
Preferably, the printed circuit board, together with the plug connectors and the side parts, constitutes a preassembled unit that can be inserted in the housing base. That makes fabrication simple and particularly clear.


A method for sending signaling, a method and apparatus for sending a reference signal, and a system include: detecting, with an access network equipment, whether communications of a terminal device in a first frequency band satisfy a predetermined condition; and sending a reference signal in a second frequency band by the terminal device after receiving a predetermined instruction.

A Reference Signal (RS) is a signal provided by a sending terminal to a receiving terminal for channel evaluation or channel sounding.
In a Long-Term Evolution (LTE) system, a downlink reference signal is usually sent by an evolutional Node B (eNB or e-NodeB) in a service range, and a User Equipment (UE) located in the service range measures the downlink reference signal, and performs a random-access process or a data sending-receiving process according to the measuring result.

Method and apparatus for sending signaling, method and apparatus for sending reference signal, and system

BEIJING XIAOMI MOBILE SOFTWARE CO., LTD.


This invention provides a switching converter having a number N of outputs providing N output signals, said switching converter being operable in at least a boost mode. The switching converter has at least one inductor, a number of switches, and a controlling device for controlling a charging time of the at least one inductor at least by the switches such that a discharging time of the at least one inductor is constant.

(1) Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to switching converters and relates more specifically to buck-boost switching regulators having a number N of outputs providing N output signals and at least one inductor and to a method for controlling such a switching converter and to control circuits and methods thereof.
(2) Description of the Prior Art
A switching regulator provides a regulated output voltage V1 to a load based on an unregulated input voltage source Vg. The unregulated input voltage source Vg may be provided by means of a battery.
FIG. 1 illustrates a conventional buck-boost switching regulator power stage that may—depending on the control sequences of the switches—regulate output voltages V1 that are higher, the same or lower than the input voltage Vg.
Hereby, the four switches S1, S2, S3 and S4 control the transfer of the energy from the input node Vg to the output node V1 via an energy storing element (i.e. an inductor).
Depending on the voltage level provided at the input note Vg, there exist different operation modes to generate the required output node voltage V1, depending on if V1 is required to be lower (i.e. V1<Vg) or higher (i.e. V1>Vg) than the input voltage Vg.
Hereby, the mode with V1<Vg is referred to as buck-mode, wherein the mode with V1>Vg is referred to as boost-mode.
A third mode is referred to as buck-boost mode and is established when the required output voltage V1 is close to the input voltage Vg. This buck-boost mode is established to support a smooth transition between the affiliated buck and boost modes.
Assuming the control signals of the four switches S1, S2, S3 and S4 are d1, d2, d3 and d4 (note (for x=1 to 4): Sx is closed (conducting) if dx=1, and Sx is open (non-conducting) if dx=0).
Because S1 and S2, S3 and S4 are complementary switches, there are two independent control signals needed in the power stage. According to the switches states, the power stage can be divided into four states:
State1: d1=1 & d3=1
State2: d1=1 & d3=0
State3: d1=0 & d3=0
State4: d1=0 & d3=1
A duty ratio D0 is in the following defined in relation to a normalized period or a normalized time span of 1.
Buck mode (d1=D0, d3=0)
In the buck mode the VLX2 terminal of the inductor remains always connected to the output terminal V1, that means that S3 is always in non-conducting state (i.e. S3=0) and S4 is always in conducting state (i.e. S4=1).
Switches S1 and S2 are controlled to change their state inverse phased such that for a switching sequence of a normalized period of 1, S1=1 for duty ratio D0, wherein S2=1 for the subsequent normalized time span (1−D0).
The resulting buck-mode control signals and states are depicted in FIG. 2.
Under steady-state input voltage and output load conditions, this results in an output voltage V1, that depends on the input terminal voltage Vg and the duty ratio D0 as follows: V1=Vg*D0/1. The coil current is equivalent to the output current (IL=I1).
Boost mode (d1=1, d3=D0):
In the boost mode the VLX1 terminal of the inductor remains always connected to the input terminal Vg, that means that S2 is always in non-conducting state (i.e. S2=0) and S1 is always in conducting state (i.e. S1=1).
Switches S3 and S4 are controlled to change their state inverse phased such that for a switching sequence of normalized period 1, S3=1 for duty ratio D0, wherein S4=1 for the subsequent normalized time span (1−D0).
Under steady-state input voltage and output load conditions this results in an output voltage V1 that depends on the input terminal voltage Vg and the duty ratio D0 as follows: V1=Vg*1/(1−D0) wherein d1=1, d3=D0
For the averaged inductor and output currents under steady state conditions results:
IL=I1*1/(1−D0). The control sequence is depicted in FIG. 3.
Document EP 1 146 629 A2 describes a control circuit and a method for maintaining high efficiency in a buck-boost switching regulator. The switching regulator can regulate an output voltage higher, lower, or the same as the input voltage. The switching regulator may be synchronous or non-synchronous. The control circuit can operate the switching regulator in buck mode, boost mode, or buck-boost mode. In buck mode, the switching regulator regulates an output voltage that is less than the input voltage. In boost mode, the switching regulator regulates an output voltage that is greater than the input voltage. In buck and boost modes, less than all of the switches are switched ON and OFF to regulate the output voltage to conserve power. In buck-boost mode, all of the switches switch ON and OFF to regulate the output voltage to a value that is greater than, less than, or equal to the input voltage.

Switching converter and method for controlling a switching converter


A fixing apparatus is provided with a clip body. The clip body includes a body leg. A body engagement hook is formed at the body leg. A groove having a groove bottom surface is formed at the body engagement hook. The groove bottom surface extends from an outside surface to an inside surface of the body engagement hook at a central portion in a width direction of the body engagement hook. A portion of the groove bottom surface including a center axis line-side end is open toward the body head through a lock pin inserting hole. A fixing apparatus removing structure includes the fixing apparatus and a tool. A CSA fixing apparatus includes the fixing apparatus and a CSA. At a time of removing the fixing apparatus, the body engagement hook is displaced inward using the tool. Then, by pulling the tool, the clip body is removed from a body.

Patent Document 1 discloses a conventional fixing apparatus including a clip body having a lock pin inserting hole and a lock pin inserted into the lock pin inserting hole of the clip body, and a conventional CSA fixing apparatus for coupling a CSA to a vehicle body using the fixing apparatus.
The CSA is coupled to the vehicle body using the conventional fixing apparatus as follows:
At a state that the lock pin is inserted to a halfway position of the lock pin inserting hole and is positioned at a temporary holding position, a body leg of the clip body is caused to extend through an aperture of a tab of the CSA and a leg inserting aperture of a spacer and is pushed into a fixing apparatus mounting aperture of the vehicle body. A body engagement hook is provided at the body leg. When the body leg passes through the fixing apparatus mounting aperture of the body, the body engagement hook recedes. When the body leg has passed through the fixing apparatus mounting aperture of the body, the body engagement hook returns to an original position due to an elasticity and engages a back surface of the body. Then, the lock pin is pushed from the temporary holding position to a secure holding position, whereby the body engagement hook cannot recede so that the fixing apparatus is securely fixed to the vehicle body and is locked with the vehicle body.
When it is necessary to remove the fixing apparatus from the vehicle body, for example, at a time of maintenance, etc., at first the lock pin is removed from the clip body using a lock pin removing tool so that the body engagement hook can recede. Then, a clip body removing tool is inserted into a space behind the vehicle body through a narrow clearance between the body leg and the fixing apparatus mounting aperture-defining edge of the vehicle body, and each of a pair of body engagement hooks is caused to recede so that the clip body is extracted from the vehicle body. Alternatively, the clip body is forced to be extracted from the vehicle body.

Fixing apparatus, fixing apparatus removing structure and curtain airbag fixing apparatus


The invention relates to antistatic and electrically conductive polyurethanes containing conductive carbon blacks and carbon fibers, and the use thereof.

Polyurethanes have been known for a long time and are distinguished by their great diversity. A review of polyurethanes, their properties and applications is given e.g. in Kunststoffhandbuch, volume 7, Polyurethane, 3rd revised edition, volume 193, edited by Prof. Dr. G. W. Becker and Prof. Dr. D. Braun (Carl-Hanser Verlag, Munich, Vienna).
As well as flexible and rigid foams, non-foamed solid polyurethanes, such as e.g. cast elastomers, are also of interest. In particular, solid polyurethanes or polyurethanes with a bulk density of >500 kg/m3 are employed in sectors where, in addition to outstanding material properties, antistatic and electrically conductive properties are also important. Sectors to be mentioned here are floor coverings, tires, paintable rolls, rollers and electrical encapsulation materials. Particularly in some highly sensitive technical equipment, it is essential that charges be avoided. Like most thermoplastic polymers, polyurethanes are not conductive per se. Common surface resistances are in the range of 1013 ohms.
Numerous additives are known to reduce this high resistance. Salts, such as e.g. ammonium salts (e.g. CATAFOR from Rhodia GmbH), were used very early on to reduce the surface resistance. Unfortunately, these additives have the disadvantage of accelerating hydrolysis in polyester polyol based polyurethanes. Moreover, migration to the surfaces and associated chalking are a great disadvantage. Added to this is the fact that the effects achieved are comparatively small and the surface resistance is reduced only by 2-3 powers of ten.
As well as the use of these salts, the use of conductive carbon black (e.g. conductive carbon black with a surface area of 600-1200 m2/g according to BET; e.g. known. The use of conductive carbon black is described e.g. in EP-A 0 129 193 and DE-A 3 528 597. Good surface resistances can be achieved with conductive carbon blacks in foamed and unfoamed polyurethanes (up to 104 ohms). However, the quantities of conductive carbon black required always lead to a very high viscosity of the reaction components, so that these systems can no longer be processed with the common polyurethane machines. These systems are therefore hardly ever used industrially. Substantially lower viscosities can be achieved by using carbon fibers—as described in DE-A 19 858 825. With relatively high concentrations of carbon fibers, surface resistances of less than 104 ohms can be achieved with processing viscosities that are just acceptable. However, in application it is shown that the fibers break in parts subject to mechanical stress and the conductivity decreases very rapidly until a non-conductive polyurethane is present again. This breaking of the fibers already occurs during processing, and so PU systems of this type are not used on an industrial scale.
Furthermore, the use of graphites (e.g. COND 8/96 from Graphit Kopfmühl AG) is conceivable for the reduction of the electrical resistance. However, to obtain a useful conductivity, concentrations would be required in the polyurethane reaction system that would mean a considerable increase in viscosity and therefore would rule out industrial processing.

Antistatic and electrically conductive polyurethanes


A thin film made of an amorphous material having supercooled liquid phase region is formed on a substrate. Then, the thin film is heated to a temperature within the supercooled liquid phase region and is deformed by its weight, mechanical external force, electrostatic external force or the like, thereby to form a thin film-structure. Thereafter, the thin film-structure is cooled down to room temperature, which results in the prevention of the thin film""s deformation.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates a thin film-structure and a method for producing the same, and more particularly the same structure and the same method suitable for parts constituting micro machines such as a micro actuator, cats, various sensors such as a micro sensor, various probes such as a sensor for a scanning probe-microscope, etc.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Micro machines, various sensors, various probes, etc. are needed to detect outward powers from a substrate surface, various proximity effects in a substrate surface, flows of liquids, voltages of other electronic circuits. Thus, thin film-structures, made by three-dimensionally deforming plane structures such as beams composed of various thin films through applied micro machining of thin film-forming techniques and micro processing techniques in manufacturing semiconductors, have been used.
In the past, a thin film-structure was produced as follows:
(1) A plane structure composed of two kind and over layers with different thermal expansion coefficients is formed and the three-dimensional thin film-structure was produced from the plane structure through its bimorph effect.
(2) A plane structure made of polysilicon is heated and deformed through current heating, maintained by a micro probe, to produce the three-dimensional thin film-structure.
(3) A thin film is formed by sputtering or the like and the three-dimensional thin film-structure is produced from the thin film by taking advantage of the remaining stresses in the film formation.
In producing the thin film structure by taking advantage of the above bimorph effect (the above (1)), the thin film structure has had layers with different thermal expansion coefficient after its production. Thus, on account of temperature change in using, the shape of the thin film structure changes with time through the bimorph effect in nearby room temperature.
In producing the thin film structure by heating and deforming the polysilicon (the above (2)), the thin film structure has difficulty having a desired strength and elastic limit, etc. because a material for it is limited to the polysilicon. Moreover, the plane structure requires to be held by a microprobe, which results in degradation of its productivity.
In producing the thin film structure by taking advantage of the remaining stresses in film-forming (the above (3)), its reproducibility is degraded and its shape change with time due to the change with time of the remaining stresses.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a thin film-structure having good productivity, reproducibility and good shape-stability after its production and a method for producing the same.
This invention relates to a thin film-structure composed of a three-dimensional deformed thin film made of an amorphous material having an supercooled liquid phase region.
This invention also relates to a method for producing a thin film-structure comprising the steps of:
forming on a substrate a thin film made of an amorphous material having an supercooled liquid phase region,
heating the thin film to a temperature within the supercooled liquid phase region and thereby deforming the thin film in a given shape, and
cooling the thin film to room temperature from the temperature within the supercooled liquid phase region to stop deforming the thin film and thereby forming the thin film-structure.
This invention addresses the above-mentioned problems by developing a new material constituting the thin-film structure and a method for producing them as follows:
The thin film-structure is formed of an amorphous material having an supercooled liquid phase region. First of all, a thin film is formed of the amorphous material and is heated to a temperature within the supercooled liquid phase region. Then, the thin film is deformed to a given shape at the temperature with in the supercooled liquid phase region.
That is, when the thin film made of the amorphous material having the supercooled liquid phase region is heated, it exhibits glass-transition phenomenon. Just then, the once solid and high rigid thin film becomes semisolid (supercooled liquid) and becomes in viscous flow of a viscosity of 108xe2x88x921013 Paxc2x7S. Thus, the thin film can be deformed through its weight as well as force from outside. Moreover, the thin film become soft at the region, so that it can be easily deformed to every kind of shape desired.
Then, when the thin film is cooled to a temperature below the supercooled liquid phase region, it becomes solid again and exhibits large stiffness. Thus, the thin film formed in a desired shape at the temperature within the region becomes solid and has large stiffness with its shape being maintained.
This invention has been realized through this inventors"" finding and attention of the above natures of the amorphous material having the supercooled liquid phase region and taking advantage of the natures.
According to the thin film-structure and the method for producing the same, only when the thin film made of the amorphous material is heated to a temperature within the supercooled liquid phase region, the thin film becomes in a viscous flow. Thus, the thin film can be easily deformed to form the thin film-structure. Since the thin film has a very large stiffness in a normal use nearby room temperature, the thin film dose not almost change in its shape.
Consequently, the thin film-structure having a high productivity, reproducibility and good shape-stability after its production can be provided.
Herein, the wording xe2x80x9csupercooled liquid phase regionxe2x80x9d is a temperature region from a glass-transition temperature (Tg) to a crystallization-starting temperature (Tx).

Thin film-structure and a method for producing the same


A method and system for data communication in a wireless network is provided. A wireless transmitter transmits a locality check message from a wireless transmitter to a wireless receiver over a wireless communication medium. Upon receiving a locality check response message from the wireless receiver, the wireless transmitter marks the locality check response message as valid even if it arrives after an original locality check time period since transmission of the locality check message, but before the end of an adjusted locality check time period. The adjusted locality check time period comprises said original locality check time period adjusted by delays in processing layers at the transmitter and wireless communication medium access delays in data communication between the wireless transmitter and the wireless receiver.

High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection (HDCP) developed by Intel Corporation provides a digital copy protection approach for digital audio and video content (A/V content) transmitted across cables (e.g., DVI, HDMI) in wired digital systems. HDCP attempts to prevent copy of such A/V content.
An HDCP wireless transmitter device enforces locality on the A/V content by requiring that the Round Trip Time (RTT) between a pair of messages to be no more than 7 milliseconds (ms). This is an attempt to prevent distribution of A/V content beyond a local area network such as a home network.
For locality check between an HDCP transmitter and HDCP receiver, the HDCP transmitter, after initiating the locality check, sets a watchdog timer and waits for 7 ms before which it expects to receive a response from the HDCP receiver. The locality check is performed to ensure that content protection keys can only be exchanged if the RTT is less than 7 ms for point-to-point communication.
However, meeting such RTT may be difficult and unpredictable in a random access wireless network such as a wireless local area network (WLAN) based on the IEEE 802.11 standards (e.g., a Wi-Fi network). For wireless networks where multiple users are accessing the same wireless communication medium, random access delay may be introduced into the RTT. As a result, a locality check using RTT as in HDCP may fail because of random access delays, resulting in long delays for stream set up.

Method and system for digital content protection locality check with adaptive timeline in wireless communication systems


What is disclosed is a method of operating a wireless communication device. The method includes establishing an assisted wireless link between the wireless communication device and an assisted wireless communication device, where the assisted wireless link comprises a first wireless communication mode that requires tuning to a first frequency spectrum, and establishing a transport wireless link between the wireless communication device and a wireless access node, where the transport wireless link comprises a second wireless communication mode that requires tuning to a second frequency spectrum. The method includes receiving forward communications for the assisted wireless communication device from the wireless access node over the transport wireless link, transferring the forward communications over the assisted wireless link for receipt by the assisted wireless communication device, receiving reverse communications transferred by the assisted wireless communication device over the assisted wireless link, and transferring the reverse communications for receipt by the wireless access node over the transport wireless link.

Wireless communication networks typically include wireless access nodes distributed over a geographic area, through which wireless communication devices can register and provide wireless access to communication services. The wireless communication devices receive wireless access from the wireless access nodes, such as base stations, where the wireless access nodes and the wireless communication devices exchange communications over wireless links. In many examples, the wireless communication devices are mobile devices, and can move between wireless coverage areas of the wireless access nodes, as well as move within the coverage area of a particular wireless access node.
These wireless links can experience degradation based upon signal conditions, distance to the wireless access nodes, among other factors. For example, when a wireless communication device is a mobile device and is moved into a building, signal quality can degrade and cause a loss of wireless service for the wireless communication device. However, other nearby wireless communication devices may have sufficient signal quality and be able to establish wireless service with a wireless access node.
Overview
What is disclosed is a method of operating a wireless communication device. The method includes establishing an assisted wireless link between the wireless communication device and an assisted wireless communication device, where the assisted wireless link comprises a first wireless communication mode that requires tuning to a first frequency spectrum, and establishing a transport wireless link between the wireless communication device and a wireless access node, where the transport wireless link comprises a second wireless communication mode that requires tuning to a second frequency spectrum. The method includes receiving forward communications for the assisted wireless communication device from the wireless access node over the transport wireless link, transferring the forward communications over the assisted wireless link for receipt by the assisted wireless communication device, receiving reverse communications transferred by the assisted wireless communication device over the assisted wireless link, and transferring the reverse communications for receipt by the wireless access node over the transport wireless link.
What is also disclosed is a wireless communication device. The wireless communication device includes a first transceiver configured to establish an assisted wireless link between the wireless communication device and an assisted wireless communication device, where the assisted wireless link comprises a first wireless communication mode that requires tuning to a first frequency spectrum. The wireless communication device also includes a second transceiver configured to establish a transport wireless link between the wireless communication device and a wireless access node, where the transport wireless link comprises a second wireless communication mode that requires tuning to a second frequency spectrum. The second transceiver is configured to receive forward communications for the assisted wireless communication device from the wireless access node over the transport wireless link. The first transceiver is configured to transfer the forward communications over the assisted wireless link for receipt by the assisted wireless communication device, and receive reverse communications transferred by the assisted wireless communication device over the assisted wireless link. The second transceiver is also configured to transfer the reverse communications for receipt by the wireless access node over the transport wireless link.
What is disclosed is a method of operating a wireless communication device. The method includes entering into a transport mode on the wireless communication device. In response to entering the transport mode, the method includes establishing an assisted wireless link between the wireless communication device and an assisted wireless communication device, where the assisted wireless link uses a first wireless communication protocol, and establishing a transport wireless link between the wireless communication device and a wireless access node, where the transport wireless link uses a second wireless communication protocol. The method also includes receiving forward communications for the assisted wireless communication device from the wireless access node over a forward link of the transport wireless link. The method also includes transferring the forward communications over a reverse link of the assisted wireless link for receipt by the assisted wireless communication device, where the reverse link of the assisted wireless link provides a forward wireless link for the assisted wireless communication device. The method also includes receiving reverse communications transferred by the assisted wireless communication device over a forward link of the assisted wireless link, where the forward link of the assisted wireless link provides a reverse wireless link for the assisted wireless communication device. The method also includes transferring the reverse communications for receipt by the wireless access node over a reverse link of the transport wireless link.

Assisted transport of communications for wireless communication devices


A network may include a plurality of nodes forming a first layer and a sub-set of the plurality of nodes forming a second layer. The first layer may follow a first routing objective in routing traffic, and the second layer may develop constraints based on the first routing objective and follow a second routing objective within the developed constraints in routing traffic. In another network, the second layer may follow a second routing objective in routing traffic, and the first layer may develop constraints based on the second routing objective and follow a first routing objective within the developed constraints in routing traffic.

1. Field
Example embodiments are related to systems and/or methods for network routing, and for example, to systems and/or methods for improving routing performance of native and overlay layers of a network.
2. Background
Overlay networks, i.e., overlay layers, have recently gained attention as a viable alternative to overcome functionality limitations (e.g., lack of quality of service (QoS), difficulty in geo-positioning, multicast support, etc.) of the Internet. The basic idea of overlay layers is to form a virtual network on top of the physical network so that overlay nodes may be customized to incorporate more complex functionality without modifying native routers. A conventional routing method for an overlay layer is designed to sense the characteristics of an underlying native network, i.e. native layer, and dynamically adapt the overlay layer's routing tables in a selfish manner to the characteristics of the underlying native network to offer enhanced routing performance to the overlay layer's traffic.
However, in a resource constrained world, where the native layer performs traffic engineering (TE), the selfish behavior of the overlay layer in making routing decisions may cause problems in a network, for example, poorer network performance (e.g., higher delay, higher jitter, lower throughput), traffic route oscillations, increased routing cost, and resource starvation. Instability and sub-optimality is exacerbated if there is a conflict in objective between the overlay layer and the native layer. For example, a conflict may occur between conventional overlay routing aiming to minimize latency between the nodes of the overlay layer and conventional traffic engineering aiming to balance load in the underlying native layer.


An engraving machine includes a machine base, an engraving device and a clamping device assembled on the machine base, and a control unit. The clamping device is able to clamp a work piece and actuate the work piece to rotate. The control unit is composed of a 3-D picture converter, a coordinate location definer and a positioning controller. By so designing, a datum is first converted into a 3-D picture by the 3-D picture converter and then, coordinate locations of the circumferential face of the work piece is defined by the coordinate location definer and lastly, a carving knife is driven and positioned by the control unit to carry out operation of engraving, lowering cost, convenient in operation and able to freely to change speed ratio between a driving mechanism and a driven mechanism.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to an engraving machine, particularly to one able to carry out three-dimensional engraving.
2. Description of the Prior Art
A conventional engraving machine is mainly employed for carving letters, pictures and external forms in a work piece. For elevating precision in carving a work piece, the conventional engraving machine is connected with a computer and consists of a control system, which is composed of a control soft ware and a positioning controller. In using, Data are first input into the computer and then transmitted to the control system by transmission lines to be compiled and calculated by the control soft ware to produce control commands to be sent to the positioning controller for driving the three-dimensional engraving machine to carve the work piece into a finished product with a predetermined form.
However, for carrying out 3-D engraving, a control system with more than four axes has to be employed, thus increasing cost. In addition, for diversifying finished products, it is necessary to design various patterns for engraving, but it is complicated in designing patterns; hence only those who are professionally trained in drawing are capable of doing the job, resulting in increase of training cost. Further, work pieces are not of a uniform size so designs of 3-D figures have to be changed for tallying with the sizes of the work pieces, not only increasing extra cost but rendering a finished product lacking of fidelity as well, and furthermore it is extremely difficult in operation of the control system so it has to increase cost for training such operators. Therefore, it is certainly essential how to research and develop an engraving machine that is low in cost and convenient in operation.


A spreader arm aperture generation system for use with a towed array is provided. The spreader arm aperture generation system broadly comprises a plurality of lines and a plurality of hydraulically activated, inflatable tubes for generating horizontal and vertical separation among the lines. Each of the tubes is filled with seawater to a desired pressure to achieve the desired horizontal and vertical line separation. Preferably, each of the tubes is formed from a high strength woven fabric.

Not applicable.
(1) Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a hydraulic activated spreader arm aperture generation system for generating a volumetric aperture for multiple line towed arrays.
(2) Description of the Prior Art
Present mobile sonar arrays include two and three dimensional hull mounted arrays and towed linear arrays. Many of the towed linear arrays have multiple lines. Such array systems are shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,958,331 to Wardle, U.S. Pat. No. 4,970,696 to Crews et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 5,841,733 to Bouyoucos et al.
The problem in the design of multiple line towed arrays is to provide a means for reliably generating and maintaining separation of the lines in a specified three-dimensional configuration. Any system for aperture generation must be compatible with the method of deploying and retrieving the towed system. For current technology, this means that the aperture generation system has to collapse to a significantly reduced volume prior to retrieval.
Also, the aperture generation system must operate under the following constraints: (1) maintain separation distances across relevant operating speed ranges; (2) allow deployment and retrieval of the towed system and proper operation of the sensors; (3) survive flank speed of tow platform; (4) operate reliably in a seawater environment; (5) meet temperature range compliance and hydrostatic pressure compliance; (6) meet material compatibility; and (7) maintain performance for a minimum of three months without maintenance in a submarine environment.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a spreader arm aperture generation system which is compatible with current towed arrays.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a spreader arm aperture generation system as above which is simple in design and less expensive to produce.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a spreader arm aperture generation system as above which has a negligible impact on array performance and/or self noise.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide a spreader arm aperture generation system as above which has increased compatibility with a marine environment.
Still further, it is an object of the present invention to provide a spreader arm aperture generation system as above which produces an aperture independent of the tow speed of a platform.
The foregoing objects are attained by the hydraulic activated spreader arm aperture generation system of the present invention.
In accordance with the present invention, a spreader arm aperture generation system for use with a towed array is provided. The spreader arm aperture generation system broadly comprises a plurality of tow lines, a sleeve affixed to each tow line and joinable with lines of the towed array, and hydraulically activated means positioned between at least two of the sleeves for generating horizontal and vertical separation among the lines. The hydraulically activated means in a preferred embodiment of the present invention are formed by a plurality of inflatable tubes, which tubes extend between sleeves affixed to the lines.
Other details of the hydraulic activated spreader arm aperture generation system of the present invention, as well as other objects and advantages attendant thereto, are set forth in the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings wherein like reference numerals depict like elements.

Hydraulic activated spreader arm aperture generation system

The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Navy


A new and distinct Salvia cultivar named ‘SCAPU14-0’ is disclosed, characterized by distinctive dark-violet-blue flowers, a compact plant habit, and early flowering. The new variety is a Salvia, normally produced as an outdoor garden or container plant.

The new cultivar is the product of a planned breeding program. Seed from open pollinated, unpatented, unnamed Salvia farinacea plants was planted, and the resulting seedlings evaluated for interesting characteristics. The inventor, Steve Jones selected the new variety in September 2009, at a commercial greenhouse in Oxnard, Calif.
Asexual reproduction of the new cultivar 'SCAPU14-0' by vegetative cuttings was first performed at the end of 2009, at a commercial greenhouse in Oxnard, Calif. and has shown that the unique features of this cultivar are stable and reproduced true to type on successive generations. First commercial sales of the variety took place in October of 2011.


Certain example embodiments relate to the use of a ceramic frit that dissolves an already-applied thin film coating (disposed via a physical vapor deposition (PVD) process such as sputtering, or other suitable process). In certain example embodiments, the ceramic frit is aggressive in chemically removing the coating on which it is disposed, e.g., when exposed to high temperatures. The frit advantageously fuses well with the glass, provides aesthetically desired colorations, and/or enables components (e.g., insulated glass (IG) unit spacers) to be reliably mounted thereon, in certain example embodiments. Associated coated articles, IG units, methods, etc., are also contemplated herein.

A frit material oftentimes is provided around one or more peripheral edges of a glass substrate or the like. For instance, frit patterns may be used to hide building components and/or provide an aesthetically appealing appearance when incorporated into window or insulated glass (IG) unit used in a commercial or residential setting, to hide sensors and/or conceal how components are mounted to a windshield or other automotive or vehicular window/substrate, to provide solar control functionality, etc.
The frit pattern oftentimes is applied by silk-screening or another suitable printing process. Referring to FIG. 1, which schematically shows how a typical silkscreen related technique works, the screen printing process includes a glass substrate 10 screen printed in connection with a silkscreen drum 12 and wiper or doctor blade 13. The silkscreen drum 12 and wiper or doctor blade 13 cooperate to print an opaque or other material 11 onto a surface of the substrate 10 in a desired pattern. The desired pattern oftentimes includes a solid or stylized frame around one or more edges of the substrate, e.g., to help conceal mounting brackets, sensors and/or other electronic devices, electrical connections, serve as a decorative perimeter band, protect the mounting adhesive from exposure to ultraviolet light and degradation, function as a solar control coating, etc., as alluded to above.
The opaque material 11 may be of or include, for example, a ceramic frit. As is known, ceramic frits typically are composed of ground glass with a specific softening point combined with metals and oxides (e.g., chromium oxide, cobalt oxide, and/or nickel oxide, etc.) to attain the desired color (often a dark or black color), adhesion properties, durability, etc.
Referring to FIG. 2, the screen-printed substrate 10′ includes a screen-printed opaque layer 14. The screen-printed opaque layer 14 may be used, for example, in the above-described and/or other applications. The opaque layer 14 in the FIG. 2 example is applied to peripheral areas of the first substrate 10 to form a decorative perimeter band and may protect the mounting adhesive from exposure to ultraviolet light and degradation, for example. The opaque layer 14 in a vehicle-type application may be used to display a Department of Transportation (DOT) code and/or trademark, to hide trim components and/or sensor mounts, etc.
Ceramic frits may be suspended in a medium (for example, a medium of or including oils or water) to allow printing of the patterns in liquid form. The medium may include volatile materials. Accordingly, the screen-printed substrate 10′ that includes the opaque layer 14 may first be introduced into a drying oven or the like, e.g., to pre-cure the opaque layer 14 and remove a majority of the medium before the screen-printed substrate 10′ is fully fired. The drying oven that pre-cures the opaque layer 14 may use any source of heat (for example, infrared or convection) or may substantially remove the volatile materials through ultraviolet radiation.
The frit material may be more permanently adhered to the glass when heat is applied at frit melting temperatures. This typically occurs during glass tempering at a glass fabricator.
For glass substrates that have a thin film coating applied on the surface to be silkscreened, the film typically must be removed prior to frit application. This oftentimes involves edge deletion, which typically is accomplished using mechanical means (e.g., in connection with an abrasive wheel or the like), and is performed so that the frit material can adequately bond to the underlying substrate. Indeed, in many cases, the fit will not form an adequate bond with the coating, components bonded to the inadequately adhered frit may not stay attached to the substrate upon the application of shear and/or other forces (e.g., as there the mechanical strength between the coating and the substrate is typically much lower than as between fused frit and the glass substrate), sealants will not adhere well to the underlying substrate, etc. Leaving the coating below the frit may also introduce unintended or undesired colorations, e.g., related to a delta E* shift associated with the coating. Abrasive wheels also tend to be slow, as they have limited areas of removal, and can sometimes damage the substrate itself.
Unfortunately, the edge deletion of the coating prior to the application of the frit sometimes will not be complete, e.g., because the edge deletion is not over a sufficiently broad surface area, is not deep enough, etc. Thus, the mechanical strength of the bond to the frit may be compromised over the whole or over part of the applied pattern. As alluded to above, edge deletion also can cause surface imperfections that affect the ability to adhere other components to the substrate, create a negative aesthetic appearances (e.g., in the form of a striped or other pattern), etc.
The silkscreen pattern could in theory be applied before the thin film coating. Unfortunately, however, the thin film coating oftentimes is applied by the glass maker. Thus, extensive handling, tracking, and transportation would be required and would not be cost effective in many cases, particularly if all parts of a typical production process are not performed at one location. Indeed, adapting this approach to a typical manufacturing scenario would involve the production of an uncoated substrate, the uncoated substrate being transported from the glass manufacturer to the fabricator to apply the silkscreen pattern, the shipping of the screen-printed substrate back to the fabricator or other party for thin film coating application, and then transportation back to the fabricator (e.g., for incorporation into an IG unit, a vehicle windshield, an architectural glazing, etc.).
Thus, it will be appreciated that there is a need in the art for improved techniques for applying a frit pattern (e.g., via silk-screening or the like) where a thin film coated glass substrate is involved, e.g., while still meeting customer desires and/or requirements in terms of, for example, adhesion and aesthetics.
One aspect of certain example embodiments relates to the use of an aggressive frit that can be applied to coated glass (e.g., by a fabricator). The aggressive frit, upon the application of heat associated with tempering or the like, may penetrate the thin film and bond to the glass to an adhesion/durability level comparable to that of conventional silkscreen operations.
Another aspect of certain example embodiments relates to the ability to avoid conventional mechanical edge deletion processes prior to deposition of the frit material, where thin film coated substrates are involved.
Still another aspect of certain example embodiments relates to the ability to provide a desired aesthetic appearance (e.g., coloration) with respect to the applied frit.
Yet another aspect of certain example embodiments relates to a process that comports with conventional flows as between a glass manufacturer, coater, fabricator, and/or other parties involved in the glazing production.
In certain example embodiments, a method of making a coated article is provided. A frit is screen-printed in a desired pattern on a glass substrate supporting a heat treatable thin-film coating, with at least a portion of the frit lying over and directly contacting the thin-film coating. The substrate with the thin-film coating and the frit thereon is heat treated in connection with a first temperature or first temperature range sufficient to (a) cause particles in the fit to migrate downwardly into the thin-film coating and dissolve the thin-film coating in areas lying under the pattern, and (b) fuse the frit directly to the substrate, in the desired pattern, in making the coated article.
In certain example embodiments, a method of making an IG unit is provided. A frit is printed in a desired pattern on a first glass substrate supporting a heat treatable PVD deposited thin-film coating, with at least a portion of the frit directly contacting the thin-film coating. The first substrate with the thin-film coating and the fit thereon is thermally tempered, with the thermal tempering dissolving the thin-film coating in areas where the frit contacts the thin film coating and fusing the frit directly to the substrate, in the desired pattern, in making an intermediate article. The intermediate is built article into the IG unit.
Coated articles, IG units, and/or the like made according to the techniques set forth herein also are provided in certain example embodiments.
The features, aspects, advantages, and example embodiments described herein may be combined to realize yet further embodiments.

Window units made using ceramic frit that dissolves physical vapor deposition (PVD) deposited coatings, and/or associated methods


A method for modernizing a existing multiroll calender, having at least one stack of calender rolls (10, 20), each stack comprising at least two calender rolls (11, 12, 13, 14, 21, 22, 23, 24) and at least one of the calender rolls being a smooth-surfaced press-roll (12, 22). In an existing multiroll calender the smooth-surfaced press roll (12, 22) is replaced by an ultra thermo roll that is a thermo roll with a diameter substantially the same or less than the thermo roll to be replaced, so that the surface temperature of the ultra thermo roll when heated is at least 110° C., and has at least 10° C. higher than the surface temperature of the existing roll with the same heating fluid temperature and having flow channels arranged in such a way that vibration excitation is minimized, by being arranged to form a spiral geometry in the mantle.

In general the present invention relates to calenders for fiber web in a fiber web machine. More especially the present invention relates to a method for modernizing a multiroll calender for a fiber web in which at least one of the calender rolls is a smooth-surfaced press-roll.
Calendering is generally carried out in order to improve the properties, like smoothness and gloss, of a web-like material such as a paper or board web. In calendering the web is passed into a calendering nip formed between rolls that are pressed against each other, in which nip the web becomes deformed as by the action of temperature, moisture and nip pressure. In the calender the nips are formed between a smooth-surfaced press roll such as a metal roll and a roll coated with resilient material such as a polymer roll. The resilient surfaced roll adjusts itself to the forms of the web surface and presses the opposite side of the web evenly against the smooth-surfaced press roll. Multinip or multiroll calendering is calendering in a calendering unit in which the nips are formed between a smooth-surfaced press roll such as a metal roll and a roll coated with resilient material such as a polymer roll and the linear load increases in multinip calenders from the upper nip to the lower nip due to gravitation, unless roll relief systems are used.
From the prior art multiroll calenders are known in which a set of rolls formed of two stacks of rolls, with each stack of rolls comprising at least two calender rolls. Multinip or multiroll calender are known for example by the brand names OptiLoad® and TwinLine™. In F1 patent 96334 is disclosed a method for calendering a paper or an equivalent web material in a calender where the web to be calendered is passed through nips formed by a deflection-compensated upper roll and a deflection-compensated lower roll, and by two or more intermediate rolls arranged between the upper and lower roll. The rolls are arranged as a substantially vertical stack of rolls. Supercalenders are multiroll calenders composed of alternating hard and soft rolls, which soft rolls are filled rolls that have a steel shaft around which a multiplicity of specialty paper sheets with a hole in the middle are slid. The paper sheets are then compressed with a hydraulic press. The most common number of rolls is 9-12, but here can be up to 16 rolls.
In publication F1 20095284 is disclosed a heatable and/or coolable roll for fiber web machines which comprises a mantle part and end pieces attached to the ends of the mantle part for arranging a feed channel and a discharge channel for a heat transfer medium in the roll. The mantle part comprises flow channels for the heat transfer medium. The mantle part of the roll comprises an inner layer and an outer layer attached on the inner layer and the flow channels for heat transfer medium comprise flow grooves formed on the outer surface of the inner layer, and the roll comprises at its first end a first circumferential flow chamber, which is in flow connection with the feed channel or the discharge channel for the heat transfer medium of the roll, wherein the roll comprises first flow bushings, which are arranged in connection with the first flow chamber such that by each first flow bushing is formed a flow connection for the heat transfer medium between the first circumferential flow chamber and the flow channel of the mantle part. Flow channels can be arranged to form a spiral shaped geometry in the mantle, thus minimizing vibration excitation from uneven thermal expansion from fluid channels.
As fiber web machine running speeds increase the need for increasing calendering capacity increases. Also the need for increasing capacity of existing calenders increases since in many prior art fiber web machines the calender, in particular the supercalender, has become the part of the fiber web production line that limits the available capacity and hinders the production of full capacity of the other parts of the fiber web production line. Due to this, in many cases two or even three supercalenders are needed for calendering the production of the fiber web production line.
The line between paper and board is flexible and paper and board are available in a wide variety of grades and can be divided according to basis weight into two categories: papers with a single ply and a basis weight of 25-300 g/m2 and boards manufactured in multi-ply technology and having a basis weight of 150-600 g/m2. It should be noted that the border line between paper and board is flexible since board grades with lightest basis weights are lighter than the heaviest paper grades. Generally speaking, paper is used for printing and board for packaging.
The subsequent descriptions are examples of some values presently applied for fibrous webs, and there may be considerable variations from the disclosed values. The descriptions are mainly based on the source publication Papermaking Science and Technology, section Papermaking Part 3, edited by Jokio, M., published by Fapet Oy, Jyvaskyla 1999, page 362.
Mechanical-pulp based, i.e. wood-containing printing papers include newsprint, uncoated magazine and coated magazine paper.
Newsprint is composed either completely of mechanical pulp or may contain some bleached softwood pulp (0-15%) and/or recycled fiber to replace some of the mechanical pulp. General values for newsprint can be regarded as follows: basis weight 40-48.8 g/m2, ash content (SCAN-P 5:63) 0-20%, PPS s10 roughness (SCAN-P 76:95) 3.0-4.5 pm, Bendtsen roughness (SCAN-P 21:67) 100-200 ml/min, density 200-750 kg/m3, brightness (ISO 2470:1999) 57-63%, and opacity (ISO 2470:1998) 90-96%.
Uncoated magazine paper (SC=supercalendered) usually contains mechanical pulp to 50-70%, bleached softwood pulp to 10-25%, and fillers to 15-30%. Typical values for calendered SC paper (containing e.g. SC-C, SC-B. SC-NM-) include basis weight 40-60 g/m2, ash content (SCAN-P 5:63) 0-35%, Hunter gloss (ISO/DIS 8254/1)<20-50%, PPS s10 roughness (SCAN-P 76:95) 1.2-2.5 pm, Bendtsen roughness (SCAN-P 21:67) 100-200 ml/min, density 700-1250 kg/m3, brightness (ISO 2470:1999) 62-70%, and opacity (ISO 2470:1998) 90-95%.
Coated magazine paper (LWC=light weight coated) contains mechanical pulp to 40-60%, bleached softwood pulp to 25-40%, and fillers and coaters to 20-35%. General values for LWC paper can be regarded as follows: basis weight 40-70 g/m2, Hunter gloss 50-65%, PPS s10 roughness 0.8-1.5 pm (offset), 0.6-1.0 pm (roto), density 1100-1250 kg/m3, brightness 70-75%, and opacity 89-94%.
General values for MFC (machine finished coated) can be regarded as follows: basis weight 50-70 g/m2, Hunter gloss 25-70%, PPS s10 roughness 2.2-2.8 pm, density 900-950 kg/m3, brightness 70-75%, and opacity 91-95%.
General values for FCO (film coated offset) can be regarded as follows: basis weight 40-70 g/m2, Hunter gloss 45-55%, PPS s10 roughness 1.5-2.0 pm, density 1000-1050 kg/m3, brightness 70-75%, and opacity 91-95%.
General values for MWC (medium weight coated) can be regarded as follows: basis weight 70-90 g/m3, Hunter gloss 65-75%, PPS s10 roughness 0.6-1.0 pm, density 1150-1250 kg/m3, brightness 70-75%, and opacity 89-94%.
HWC (heavy weight coated) has a basis weight of 100-135 g/m2 and can be coated even more than twice.
Pulp-produced, wood free printing papers or fine papers include uncoated—and coated—pulp-based printing papers, in which the portion of mechanical pulp is less than 10%.
Uncoated pulp-based printing papers (WFU) contain bleached birchwood pulp to 55-80%, bleached softwood pulp 0-30%, and fillers to 10-30%. The values with WFU have a large variation: basis weight 50-90 g/m2, Bendtsen roughness 250-400 ml/min, brightness 86-92%, and opacity 83-98%.
In coated pulp-based printing papers (WFC), the amounts of coating vary widely in accordance with requirements and intended application. The following are typical values for once and twice-coated, pulp-based printing paper: once-coated basis weight 90 g/m2, Hunter gloss 65-80%, PPS s10 roughness 0.75-2.2 pm, brightness 80-88%, and opacity 91-94%, and twice-coated basis weight 130 g/m2, Hunter gloss 70-80%, PPS s10 roughness 0.65-0.95 pm, brightness 83-90%, and opacity 95-97%.
Release papers have a basis weight within the range of 25-150 g/m2.
Other papers include e.g. sackkraft papers, tissues, and wallpaper bases.
Board making makes use of chemical pulp, mechanical pulp and/or recycled pulp. Boards can be divided e.g. in the following main groups according to applications thereof: Corrugated board, comprising a liner and fluting; Boxboards, used for making boxes, cases, which boxboards include e.g. liquid packaging boards (FBB=folding boxboard, LPB=liquid packaging board, WLC=white-lined chipboard, SBS=solid bleached sulfite, SUS=solid unbleached sulfite); Graphic boards, used for making e.g. cards, files, folders, cases, covers, etc. and wallpaper bases.
An object of the present invention is to create a method for modernizing a multiroll calender and a modernized multiroll calender in which high capacity of the production line is achieved.
Another object of the present invention is to achieve a method and a multiroll calender in which possible disadvantages and problems of known methods and calenders are eliminated or at least minimized.

Method for modernizing a multiroll calender, in particular for modernizing a supercalender and a modernized multiroll calender, in particular a modernized supercalender


A method, apparatus and computer program product enhance audio quality during a voice communication session, enhancing audio quality for a device of a remote user. The apparatus can comprise a processor, a memory, and a computer program code, and can be configured to receive and weight audio signals based on signal attributes such that audio signals can be adjusted and adjusted signals mixed to form a composite audio signal. In a method, a processor receives audio signals from audio sensors around a room, selects one or more audio signals based on audio signal attributes, and adjusts or causes the adjustment of the one or more audio signals based on the audio signal attributes. The method can also include causing the adjusted audio signals to be mixed to form a composite signal, and causing the composite signal to be communicated to a device of a remote user.

Many meeting or event spaces, such as in smart buildings, are instrumented with technology that enables smart energy management, wireless networking, and autonomous systems, among other things. Instrumentation of these spaces can often take the form of internet connected devices (Internet-of-Things devices, TOT devices). TOT devices can monitor room characteristics such as temperature or humidity, can monitor WiFi strength and internet connectivity, can monitor sound levels such as at a music venue, and for a wide variety of other purposes. Many commercial spaces such as conference rooms in an office building already receive or could shortly receive 5G coverage from a network of distributed small cells, increasing bandwidth and low latency and enabling the use of even more instrumentation such as TOT devices in such spaces.
Point-to-point communication. e.g., voice communication, is widely used for a variety of applications, and is often carried out in commercial spaces such as conference rooms office buildings. In such systems, a presenter, speaker, or other such source of audio signal is positioned at a location or a plurality of locations within a conference room. The conference room can have a central microphone or other such audio sensor that captures, to varying degrees of quality, audio signals from the audio source. The microphone can be connected, coupled, operably coupled, or otherwise configured to transmit audio signal to a processor. The processor can receive the audio signal and communicate it to a device of a remote user, viewer, or other such participant of the point-to-point communication. For example, the ubiquity of internet-based communication platforms, such as Webex, Google Hangouts, and Skype, has enabled remote user devices to join meetings from any global location. However, remote users still suffer from a loss of immersion in comparison to the experience of attending a meeting in person. Typically, the remote user joins the meeting using a speakerphone and/or a laptop computer, and their voice is relayed into the meeting room using a single speaker. If two-way video communication is enabled, only a single viewpoint is generally available for the remote user from a single fixed camera, and the audio is not spatially linked to this visual viewpoint. In addition, statically positioned microphones often cannot capture audio from the audio source that is optimized with regard to a variety of characteristics or attributes, such as feedback, tininess, echo, This configuration results in a sub-optimal experience in which the remote user has a detached presence, and the illusion that they are "in the room" is rarely maintained.
Audio quality is of import in relation to the user experience in conjunction with voice communication. Poor quality audio undermines any attempts at effective communication. Furthermore, full immersion by the remote user can only be attained if the audio viewpoint matches the video.
Traditional methods of obtaining audio from a single location within a meeting room, which is then sent to the remote user(s), employ a single microphone (monaural) or two-microphone (stereo) mix from microphones onboard a single device. However, the efficacy of this approach is limited. If the audio source is nearer/farther from the active microphone(s), the sound levels will change and the audio source could be too loud or too quiet. While this change in sound levels could be overcome with auto-gain levelling schemes, the presence of other interfering audio or noise sources will cause these schemes to fail. Thus, the audio quality of many voice communication sessions, such as the audio quality provided to remote user in a meeting, is less than desired which, in turn, diminishes the overall user experience.
Therefore, there is a long-felt need in the industry for an apparatus, method, and computer program code associated with combining/mixing distributed audio in such a way that audio quality is enhanced in a manner that is both computationally inexpensive and does not require large bandwidth, while being robust when used in a variety of installation environments.

Audio mixing for distributed audio sensors


A method and system for monitoring status of a system component during a process. The method includes exposing a system component to a reactant gas during a process, where the reactant gas is capable of etching the system component material to form an erosion product, and monitoring release of the erosion product during the process to determine status of the system component. Processes that can be monitored include a chamber cleaning process, a chamber conditioning process, a substrate etching process, and a substrate film formation process. The system component can be a consumable system part such as a process tube, a shield, a ring, a baffle, an injector, a substrate holder, a liner, a pedestal, a cap cover, an electrode, and a heater, any of which can further include a protective coating. The processing system includes the system component in a process chamber, a gas injection system for introducing the reactant gas, a chamber protection system for monitoring the status of the system component, and a controller for controlling the processing system in response to the status.

Many semiconductor fabrication processes are performed in process chambers such as plasma etch chambers, plasma deposition chambers, thermal processing chambers, chemical vapor deposition chambers, atomic layer deposition chambers, etc. Processing of substrates can lead to formation of material deposits on system components in the process chamber. Periodic dry cleaning of the process chambers can be carried out to remove the chamber deposits, where the cleaning process can require removal of different material deposits from the system components.
Various parts of a processing system can consist of consumable or replaceable system components that can, for example, be fabricated from quartz, silicon, alumina, carbon, or silicon carbide. The consumable nature of the replaceable components can require frequent maintenance of the processing system. Consumable system parts are commonly replaced or cleaned after film accumulation can threaten particle problems, in between incompatible processes to be run in sequence, after detrimental processing conditions, or after poor processing results are observed. Alternately, consumable system parts can be cleaned or replaced according to a predetermined maintenance schedule that can, for example, be based on the number of operating hours. These methods can result in overdue or premature replacement of consumable system components. Furthermore, the length of a cleaning process can be based on a fixed time period that has been proven to result in adequate cleaning of system components. However, because the cleaning process is not actually monitored, or a non-standard amount of deposition can accumulate before the clean is necessary, the fixed time period may be unnecessarily long and result in undesired etching (erosion) of the system components.
Chamber conditioning processes (also referred to as passivation processes) are commonly implemented in semiconductor fabrication to prepare process chambers for optimal performance. For example, chamber conditioning processes may be carried out following chamber cleaning, after an extended chamber idle period, or before a first chamber production process. When used with plasma chambers, chamber conditioning processes typically involve using a "conditioning plasma" in the plasma chamber for a predetermined length of time to prepare, or "condition", the chamber for the performance of plasma processes with production wafers. The parameters of the conditioning process (e.g., RF power, chamber and substrate temperature, feed gas composition, an pressure) are usually maintained at or near the parameters of the corresponding production process for which the chamber is being conditioned. In this manner, conditioning processes can help ensure that all processes performed in a process chamber produce results with in a desired range.
Conditioning processes can be performed on several wafers or sets of wafers. The extent of conditioning can be monitored by periodically analyzing the wafers during the conditioning procedure to determine process compliance. However, conditioning processes that are carried out for long time periods can involve the use of a large number of test wafers, which result in large startup expenses. Alternately, the extent of conditioning can be carried out for a fixed time period that has been proven to provide production process compliance. However, because the effectiveness of the conditioning process in not actually monitored, the fixed time period may be unnecessarily long in order to account for varying conditioning times required to achieve process compliance for different runs of a conditioning process. This can result in unacceptable reduction in throughput for the chamber.

Method and processing system for monitoring status of system components


An annular gas turbine engine combustor includes additional axial primary airflow openings, formed as arcuately segmented openings on opposite sides of each of the airblast fuel nozzles of the combustor, for reducing overall combustor diameter while maintaining flame stabilization and avoiding unacceptable thermal variations in the combustion process.

Gas turbine engines often include an annularly shaped combustor disposed radially outwardly of the primary rotating components of the engine. As such, the outer diameter of the annular combustor is often a critical determinant of the overall diameter of the gas turbine engine. Smaller diameter engines are not only critical in certain applications, but in addition can impact overall aircraft operations by reduction in drag.
FIG. 1 illustrates a typical annular combustor of the prior art and has an annular combustor case with annular inner and outer casings 14a, 16a. Within the plenum or combustor case is a combustor liner comprising inner and outer, annularly shaped, perforated liners 20a,22a. Pressurized air from the compressor suction of the engine is delivered through a diffuser 50a, and this pressurized air flow is split into a variety of flow paths into the combustion chamber 19a defined inside the combustor liner. A first portion of this airflow, approximately 23%, is delivered axially into the combustion chamber through a conventional airblast fuel nozzle 30a wherein fuel is finely atomized and initially mixed with the pressurized airflow. Outer annulus 15a carries approximately 20% of the airflow as primary airflow to support the combustion process, along with additional airflow that is introduced into the combustion chamber further downstream for purposes of cooling and dilution, as depicted by arrows 48a. Similarly, a portion of the pressurized airflow passes through the inner annulus 17a for delivery of primary airflow, comprising approximately 10% of the total air flow, along with additional downstream flow for cooling and dilution.
To carry the necessary airflow through the inner and outer annulus 17a,15a without introducing unacceptable back pressure on the airflow, the overall combustor is sized with a outer radius R.sub.a from the engine centerline 11a. This overall diameter R.sub.a is thus directly impacted by the necessary sizing of the inner and outer annulus spaces 17a and 15a.
In many applications the quantity of axial airflow passing through the transverse endwall 28a at the dome end of the combustor liner is limited because of flame stabilization problems, inadequate mixing for efficient combustion processes, and excessive thermal variations in the gas flow being exhausted from the combustion chamber.


The present invention relates to a device for minimizing the aerodynamic drag that results when tractors, trailers, rigid trucks, lorries, and other vehicles are moving through air. In particular the invention relates to a plate-shaped flow conductor having a front edge, a lower edge, a rear edge and an upper edge. The flow conductor is mountable along the upper edge in a substantially vertical position to a body portion of a pulled vehicle of a vehicle combination of at least two pivotally connected vehicles. When mounted the flow conductor extends at least partially under the body portion in a longitudinal direction of the pulled vehicle. Characteristic for the flow conductor according to the invention is that the flow conductor comprises locally in conjunction with the front edge a thickened portion, which has a streamlined outer contour in a cross section transversally to the front edge.

It is a well known fact that the aerodynamic performance of the external shape of a vehicle and its movement through a medium can be defined in a certain non-dimensional quantity called the drag coefficient CD. The drag coefficient at lower speeds of a body is mainly dependent on the aerodynamic configuration of the body and the Reynolds number, which is a measure for the ratio of inertia forces to viscous forces in a flow. The drag coefficient and the corresponding aerodynamic forces are directly related to the driving speed to the second power, and to the fuel consumption, thus the operational economics, of that corresponding vehicle.
Heavy road transport vehicles can be characterized in an aerodynamically sense as bluff shapes. This means that the aerodynamic properties of these road vehicles are strongly influenced by flow separation. Flow separation occurs when the boundary layer, which is a thin layer that bridges the velocity difference between the moving vehicle and the lower air speed, encounters a sufficiently large adverse pressure gradient due to, for instance, abrupt geometrical changes in the body like for instance at the back of bluff road vehicles.
The term bluff most commonly refers to bodies which have leading-edge flow separation, as most vehicles do at large side wind angles. The flow which is touching the front of the vehicle, goes, for instance, along the side of the trailer to the back of the same trailer where it is not able to follow a 270 degrees corner comprising the side and back surfaces. For example the squared edges found at most corners of bulk commercial road and rail cargo carriers. The effects of these flow separations are most apparent in their high aerodynamic drag levels, where the pressure drag component is many times higher due to flow separation than the drag due to skin friction as with airfoils. The aerodynamic drag of a bluff shape is mainly due to the pressure difference of the front and rear faces of the body, with respect to the environment pressure, with only a secondary contribution due to skin friction.
Fuel economy and the associated fuel cost of heavy transport vehicles are very important issues within the operational cost of national and international transport companies. Till this day transportation of goods over the roads is one of the most efficient and flexible methods within the field of freight transportation. A large amount of engine power is required to overcome the aerodynamic forces that are acting on a road vehicle, due to the passage of the vehicle through air. Besides reducing the aerodynamic drag with special designed devices or aerodynamically well streamlined bodies, also other measures may positively effect the fuel consumption of vehicles. For instance by introducing vehicle weight reduction through designing lightweight structures, by improving tire friction coefficients which reduce the tire friction forces and by increasing mechanical efficiency of the mechanical parts like the engine, the gear box and the driving shafts. An improved aerodynamic behaviour of a vehicle will, besides an increased fuel economy, decrease the belch of environmental unfriendly exhaust gasses as well as introducing a more save traffic situation because of the decreased tire wear.
Due to the aerodynamic instabilities in the flow around and in the wake behind the vehicle, the vehicle is bucketing slowly over the road which results in tire wear and possible tire burst and thus an unsafe traffic situation.
As a road vehicle is progressing along its path, the volume of air in the near front of the vehicle actually acts as a frontal barrier which causes stagnation drag and thus a loss in fuel economy. Significant advances have already been made in aerodynamic design of the cabin of the tractor and of trucks in general. Rounded cabin corners, side and roof deflectors, aerodynamic mirrors, and side fenders to close the gab between the cabin and the trailer are commonly adopted. Also several aerodynamic devices for the back end of the vehicle, like the boat tail, splitter plates, guiding vanes, air deflectors, and pneumatic systems, are developed and reduce the total drag of the road vehicle significantly. Since the undercarriage of a trailer usually includes transverse chassis beams, a pallet box, axles, support legs, equipment storage volumes, and other irregular elements, this region is characterized by highly turbulent and separated flows.
The present invention relates to vehicles having highly turbulent regions as a result of an interrupted flow at a position of a pivotal connection between at least two parts of the total vehicle combination. Such turbulent regions for example occur typically at the pivotal connection point between a trailer and a tractor or at the position of the connection by a drawbar of one or multiple lorries to a rigid truck. Another example of a vehicle combination is a railway train comprising a locomotive and several wagons. The locomotive and wagons are all pivotally connected to each other. At each connection, regions occur with large pressure differences. At those positions, the flow along the vehicle is interrupted, which adversely affect the aerodynamic behaviour of the total vehicle combination.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,974,178 to Ortega and Salari illustrates several baffle assemblies adapted to be positioned upstream of the wheel assembly for deflecting airflow away from the wheel assembly so as to reduce the incident pressure on the wheel assembly.
A first embodiment of the apparatus of U.S. Pat. No. 6,974,178 shows a wedge-shape side skirt arrangement. The skirt arrangement is mounted on the underside of the vehicle body portion in front of the rear wheel assembly using fasteners or other mounting hardware of a type known in the relevant arts. The skirt arrangement has right and left panels extending down from the underside of the body portion and angled to deflect airflow away from the rear wheel assembly. It is appreciated, that the left and right panels are part of unitary construction and the leading ends thereof may be integrally connected, either at an angle, or with a curvilinear or otherwise continuous shape. The straight panels themselves may also have a concave or convex curvilinear configuration.
A second embodiment of U.S. Pat. No. 6,974,178 shows a wedge-shaped skirt portion with a left and a right panel similar but shorter than the first embodiment and a third forward panel connected to the wedge-shaped portion at a forward location thereof. This third forward panel is centrally aligned with the longitudinal central axis of the trailer.
A third embodiment is compromising a pair of side-skirts which are mounted parallel at or near the transversely opposite side of the body vehicle. In particular, the side skirts may be directly mounted to the underside of the body portion to extend there below, or mounted to the side of the body portion to extend down to a level below the body portion. The side skirts are located near the left and right side lower edges to impede airflow into and across the underside of the trailer.
A first problem of the first and second embodiment of U.S. Pat. No. 6,974,178 is that units, like the battery box, pallet box, storage volume and other necessary parts, which are present on a regular trailer, can not be mounted anymore due to the present side skirts.
Another problem of the three embodiments of U.S. Pat. No. 6,974,178 is the fact that the underside of the body portion of the vehicle is not accessible if necessary for certain tasks like maintenance or storekeeping of parts and the like.
A further problem of the three embodiments of U.S. Pat. No. 6,974,178 is that there are still zones with a high level of turbulence caused by released flows and felt by the passing flow, which adversely affect the aerodynamic behaviour of the vehicle. Especially when the vehicle is subjected to horizontally inclined flows, eddies and heavy irregularities in the flow are occurring.


An apparatus and method for counting nanoparticle probes is disclosed. In one embodiment, quantum dot-tagged proteins on optically transparent membranes or slides are counted. The transparent membranes or slides are loaded onto a stage (e.g., an X-Y stage or X-Y-Z stage), which can automatically reposition the transparent membrane or slides for image capture at varying locations. A microscope can be used for providing a light source to fluoresce the nanocrystals and for providing the magnification needed for image capture. Once one or more images are captured, the nanoparticles can be automatically counted using post-processing software that maintains a total count across multiple images, if desired.

Quantum dots are fluorescent semiconductor nanoparticles. The fluorescence of semiconductor nanocrystals significantly exceeds the brightness and photostability of conventional fluorophores, such as organic dyes, typically used in molecular biological and biochemical applications (Chan and Nie, Science 281, 2016-2018, 1998; Bruchez et al., Science 281, 2013-2016, 1998). The novel optical properties of semiconductor nanocrystals allow for ultrasensitive detection and quantification of semiconductor nanocrystals, and any molecules bound to them, with simple fluorescence illumination-detection sources (Chan and Nie, Science 281, 2016-2018, 1998; Michalet et al., Single Molecules 2, 261-276, 2001; Howarth et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102, 7583-7588, 2005; Agrawal et al., Anal. Chem. 78, 1061-1070, 2006; Alivisatos et al., Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering 7, 55-76, 53 plates, 2005; Vu et al., Nano Letters 5, 603-607, 2005). The ability to detect nanocrystals makes the use of semiconductor nanocrystals an ideal choice to replace typical tags (such as fluorescent tags) for diverse applications.
For example, as a fluorescent label for Western blots, semiconductor nanocrystals offer much higher sensitivity (picogram quantities) and more reliable quantification (100-fold linear concentration range) then traditional chemistries based on reactions catalyzed by horse radish peroxidase (Ornberg et al., Nature Methods 2, 2005; Bakalova et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 9328-9329, 2005. In addition, by using semiconductor nanocrystals as an in situ immunohistochemical label, target biomolecules can be localized at the single molecule level in cells (Michalet et al., Single Molecules 2, 261-276, 2001; Grecco et al., Microscopy research and technique 65, 169-179, 2004; Sundara Rajan and Vu, Nano Letters 6, 2049-2059, 2006).
An indispensable feature of Western immunoblotting is its capability to fractionate and determine the size of specific proteins, thus making it a favored technique for routine protein analysis of complex biomixtures. Despite widespread use, Western immunoblotting faces significant limitations in detection sensitivity, making it difficult or impossible to use in situations requiring detection of trace proteins (less than 1 ng) or scarce biosamples (less than 105-106 cells). Detecting Western immunoblot signals at the level of single fluorescent tags would achieve the ultimate sensitivity limit in Western immunoblotting technology and allow even broader application of this invaluable technique. Other analytical techniques for protein detection have similar sensitivity problems.
Substantially-improved detection methods are needed to detect protein samples present at trace concentrations in complex, heterogeneous tissue and biofluid samples.

Automated detection and counting of biomolecules using nanoparticle probes


A pin cutter that includes a housing having at a proximal end thereof a grip, an actuator handle supported at the housing, a pair of elongated blades that define at a distal end thereof a set of cutting jaws, a ramp mechanism secured with the actuator handle for operating proximal ends of the blade member, a hollow shaft extending through the housing, the ramp mechanism supported about the hollow shaft, and a biasing spring disposed about the hollow shaft.

There are a number of different types of surgery that require the use of a pin, or the like. This pin is typically located within the anatomy. For example, this is common in wrist surgery or other types of orthopedic surgery although, not limited thereto.
At the present time, in order to cut through a pin or shaft, the surgeon uses something akin to a pair of pliers. It is typical for the cut portion of the pin to be expelled and perhaps even form a small projectile. This causes an unsafe condition in operating room areas. Moreover, the cutting mechanism that is presently used is not completely effective and many times does not have a sufficient cutting force to provide a clean cut of the pin or shaft.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved pin or shaft cutter.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved pin or shaft cutter that is characterized by extremely effective means for providing a substantial force in cutting the pin or shaft.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a pin or shaft cutter mechanism that enables storage of cut segments so as to eliminate unsafe conditions associated with the particular medical procedure.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved pin or shaft cutter that is characterized by having a removable inner canister that enables storage of cut segments. This canister may be disposable or re-usable.
A further object of the present invention is to provide an improved pin or shaft cutter that is readily sterilizable, that is relatively inexpensive to manufacture, that can be assembled quickly, and that is moreover characterized by an effective actuation mechanism that is easily operable by the user.


In at least one embodiment, a class 7 or 8 vehicle is provided. A first controller is configured to control a vehicle operation and to detect one or more failures related to the vehicle operation. The first controller is configured to transmit first data indicative of the one or more failures. A vehicle interface controller is configured to receive the first data indicative of the one or more failures on the data communication bus and to receive a signal corresponding to at least one of vehicle speed or park brake status. The vehicle interface controller is further configured to retrieve at least one diagnostic screen and to display the at least one diagnostic screen after the signal indicates the at least one of the vehicle speed being equal to a predetermined vehicle speed or the park brake status indicating that a park brake is set in the vehicle.

U.S. Pat. No. 10,055,907 to Rood provides a vehicle that includes a chassis, wheels, a drivetrain including an engine and a transmission, and a brake system. The vehicle also has a vehicle control system that includes controllers for the engine, the transmission controller, and the brake system, a vehicle network connected to the controllers to permit communication to and from these components, and a primary vehicle controller connected to the network and configured to communicate with the controllers. The vehicle further includes a vehicle diagnostic system that is connected to the network and configured to communicate with the various controllers. The diagnostic system is configured to operate in a diagnostic mode, in which the diagnostic system is configured to display diagnostic information from one or more of the controllers. The diagnostic system may further be configured to operate in a display mode, where the vehicle diagnostic system is configured to display operating information regarding the vehicle.

Apparatus and method for performing on-board self diagnostics for a heavy-duty vehicle