A headgear adjustment mechanism is provided that includes a worm having a central axis of rotation, a first headband element, a second headband element, a spur gear, and a housing. The first headband element includes (i) a worm rack disposed in operative engagement with the worm, and (ii) a first pinion rack. The second headband element includes a second pinion rack. The spur gear is disposed in simultaneous operative engagement with the first pinion rack and the second pinion rack, and the housing at least partially encloses the first and second headband elements. During operation of the adjustment mechanism, rotation of the worm about the axis of rotation causes the first headband element and the second headband element to translate in opposite directions with respect to the worm, thereby adjusting a fit of the headgear.

Headgear suspensions are worn in a variety of environments and for various purposes. Headgear suspensions allow protective equipment, such as face shields and helmets, to be suspended from the head. A common element of headgear suspensions is the headband, usually fabricated from a thin band of plastic material formed into a generally circular shape with ends overlapping and joined at the back of the head.
Various means have been devised to adjust the girth of the headband to the extent necessary to fit the variety of head shapes and sizes of different wearers. One such means is illustrated in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/316,232 to Rogers, et al., which describes a headband having a flexible band that can be manually adjusted by the wearer. The two ends of the band are joined by a tab and slot arrangement. One or more tabs formed on one end of the band are inserted into one or more slots in a series of parallel slots formed in the other end of the band. The band is generally circular in shape with the selected slot(s) corresponding to a smaller or larger circumference for the headband.
A second method for adjusting the circumference of a headband is illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 4,942,628 to Freund. According to Freund, the ends of a flexible band are connected, held in place, and adjusted by a ratchet mechanism. The ratchet adjustment knob has a set of cog teeth, which act on teeth formed in overlapping ends of the headband. Turning the knob one direction pulls the strap ends closer together, and turning the knob the other direction forces the ends apart.
The ratchet adjustment is generally preferred over the manual adjustment means because the headband can be adjusted while on the head of the wearer. The knob, however, must be large enough to be grasped and turned by the wearer's fingers, which may be covered with gloves.
The size and weight of the ratchet mechanism and the knob have disadvantages in some applications. For example, in order to access the knob in a protective helmet, the knob must be positioned below the edge of the helmet shell. Alternatively, the helmet shell must be significantly distanced from the wearer's head to provide room for the knob and to allow the wearer's fingers to operate the knob inside the helmet shell volume.
U.S. Pat. No. 2,747,191 to Hoffmaster describes a headgear adjustment mechanism that includes a worm attached to a headband end. During operation of the worm, the worm crawls along another headband component, thereby adjusting the headband circumference in a manner similar to the operation of a worm drive hose clamp. Hoffmaster's worm is exposed along the length of the headband and moves around the perimeter of the headband as it is adjusted.
Considering the above, there is a need for a headgear adjustment mechanism that can be operated by the wearer while on the wearer's head and that is smaller, easier to operate, and lighter-weight than conventional ratchet mechanisms.

Worm drive adjustment for headgear suspension


The present invention concerns an extension frame (1, 7, 18, 27) comprising a flange (2, 8, 19, 29, 31) and a box (3, 9, 20). The flange (2, 8, 19, 29, 31) is placed at one end of the box (3, 9, 20). A through opening is formed going through the centre of the box (3, 9, 20) and through the flange (2, 8, 19, 29, 31). A number of holes (4, 5, 10, 11, 21, 22, 33, 34) are provided going through walls of the box (3, 9, 20). Further, a system comprising two extension frames (1, 7, 18, 27) are formed. The two extension frames (1, 7, 18, 27) are placed on opposite sides of a through opening of a partition. A sealing devices (25) for cables or pipes is placed in said through opening of the partition.

To lead cables and/or pipes through a wall or other partition different kinds of cable and/or pipe transitions or penetrations are used. To give a sealed transition some kind of seal is normally placed inside the transition. The seal is normally placed in an opening in the partition, either directly in the opening or inside a frame placed in the opening. One example of seals comprises a number of compressible modules, wherein each such module is to receive a cable or pipe. Such modules are normally received side by side in one or more rows together with some kind of compression unit inside a frame. By means of the compression unit the modules are compressed in one direction in such a way that the modules will seal inwards around the cables and/or pipes and outwards against the inside of the transition.
Cable and pipe transitions are used in many different environments, such as for cabinets, technical shelters, junction boxes and machines. They are used in different industrial environments, such as automotive, telecom, power generation and distribution, as well as marine and offshore. They may have to seal against fluid, gas, fire, rodents, termites, dust, moisture etc. and many receive cables for electricity, communication, computers etc. or pipes for different gases or liquids such as water, compressed air, hydraulic fluid and cooking gas.
For many installations there are demands of fire performance. One example of such a demand is integrity and insulation criteria of 60 min., i.e. that fire shall not have burnt through and the temperature on the non-fire side shall not be raised more than 180° C. during this time. In another example the same applies for a time period of 120 min.
It is common to place some kind of fire protection inside a frame of the transition or in connection to the transition. One example of fire protection is to use intumescent material. Intumescent material is a material that swells when exposed to excessive heat, such as in case of fire. It is well known in this technical field to use intumescent material as a fire protection. The intumescent material will function as insulation material for the cables when a fire occur.
One problem when designing fire protection for a transition is that the cables themselves are transferring the heat through the system. In view of the demands, a solution is wanted which guarantees that the heat of the separate cables or pipes does not raise more than 180° C. on the non-fire side. One way of achieving fire protection is to add additional insulation on the cables. The problem is that by adding insulation the capacity of the power cables might be derated. In one example the derating was about 55% for a cable when adding insulation on a length of 400 mm. All kinds of insulation placed around or wrapped around a cable might derate the cable depending on cable size and insulation length.
In many applications, i.e. hospital, cleanroom etc. you are not allowed to have insulation due to pollution. Thus, even if it may function in relation to the fire demands to use insulation, it is not always accepted.


A machine frame with a displaceable scaffold for a tool space of an injection molding machine with stationary and movable tool clamping plates connected by columns that are adjusted to a tool height with a tool height adjusting device, the machine frame being formed with a stepped profile for lowering of the center of gravity of the movable tool clamping plate, the slide carriage of the movable tool clamping plate being displaceable on lower straps formed as guideways, and the displaceable scaffold being displaceable on the inner straps of the machine frame and the slide carriage, and being connected with the tool height adjusting device by connecting rods, the displaceable scaffold being shifted under the stationary tool clamping plate when the forming tool is closed.

The invention relates to a machine frame with a movable scaffold for the tool area of an injection molding machine. The scaffold is arranged between a stationary tool clamping plate and a tool clamping plate that is displaceable on a slide carriage, for receiving two halves, respectively, of a forming tool. The movable tool clamping plate is displaceable on a guideway of the machine frame. The tool clamping plates are connected by columns extending into both tool clamping plates or, advantageously, supported in a cantilever fashion on the movable tool clamping plate. The columns are adjusted to an appropriate tool height by means of a tool height adjusting device.
For injection molding machines having large tool clamping plates, a large and stable machine frame for supporting the tool clamping plates is necessary. The machine frame is formed of longitudinal bars kept at a predetermined distance by cross-struts. On the upper surface of the machine frame, guideways for the slide carriage of the movable tool clamping plate are located. If required, a movable cross-strut with rollers for automatic tool exchange, according to DE-OS 4,039,325 is displaceable on the guideways. The drawback of this construction is that the rigidity required by the large machine frame, with the thereon displaceable tool clamping plate, necessitates a correspondingly high building structure for mounting the machine.
To lower the center of gravity, it is proposed in DDR patent 130,118, to form the tool clamping plates as isosceles triangles which are aligned with their apexes vertically downward between the guideways of the machine frame. However, the drawback of this solution is that the tool clamping surfaces are reduced and the force distribution and dimensioning are uneven, because mainly square and rectangular forming tools are used and the corresponding tool clamping plates are normalized accordingly. This also raises a further problem of shaping and forming the scaffold displaceable in the tool area of the injection molding machine which should be positioned very deeply downward. The movable scaffold that enters the tool area to enable maintenance, repair or for removal purposes, should simultaneously fulfill a safety function that provides for automatic switch-off of the machine in case a foreign element penetrates the tool area.
A corresponding solution is disclosed in DDR Patent 154,121. According to this solution, the scaffold occupies the total tool area and is supported on a connecting spring-biased mechanism and actuates an electrical switching mechanism after corresponding displacement. This solution is very costly and requires a vertical displacement space which is not available with integration of an automatic tool exchange system.

Machine frame with a movable scaffold for the tool area of an injection molding machine

Hemscheidt Maschinentechnik Schwerin GmbH & Co.


A compact CO2 slab-laser is contained in a fluid cooled housing having three compartments. One compartment houses discharge electrodes and a laser resonator. Another compartment houses a radio-frequency power supply (RFPS) assembled on a fluid-cooled chill plate and an impedance-matching network. The remaining compartment houses beam-conditioning optics including a spatial filter. The housing and RFPS chill-plate are on a common coolant-fluid circuit having a single input and a single output. The spatial filter is optionally fluid-coolable on the common coolant fluid circuit.

FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a prior-art packaging arrangement 10 for a high-power CO2 slab-laser system 10. The arrangement includes three basic subsystems packaged in separate enclosures. The three subsystems are a solid-state high-power RF power supply (RFPS) in enclosure 12; an RF impedance-matching network in enclosure 14 including components required to match the output impedance of the RFPS to the input impedance of the laser-discharge; and a hermetically sealed CO2 laser tube housing 16 that contains laser-discharge electrodes in a lasing-gas mixture and an optical resonator. A fourth subsystem containing optical components for modifying the output laser-beam is not shown in FIG. 1. This fourth subsystem includes a spatial-filter assembly for cleaning-up the laser beam, and lenses for shaping the laser beam; an optical detector for informing the user if a laser beam is being emitted; and an electronically controlled safety-shutter to protect the user from accidental laser radiation exposure.
In order to prevent stray RF radiation from causing electromagnetic (EM) interference, all three sub-assembly enclosures are typically grounded metal enclosures, and input and output ports of the enclosures are all heavily shielded. In order to prevent overheating at high-power laser operation, for example, operation at above 250 W of laser-output power, all three enclosures and the optical subsystem are provided with liquid cooling, as indicated schematically in FIG. 1.
DC power input 18, typically at 48 volts, is provided to the RFPS 12 An input-command signal port 20 is also provided to enable a system operator to provide turn-on and turn-off pulsing instructions to the RFPS, and also to provide open and close commands to the safety-shutter (not shown). RFPS 12 may also contain diagnostic circuitry for reporting the status of laser system 10, via line 22, to an operator.
From consideration of efficiency, size, and cost of the laser system, it is desirable to locate enclosures 12, 14, and 16, and the above discussed optical subassembly, as close together as possible. This serves to reduce RF and optical losses, in addition to reducing costs associated with providing interconnecting co-axial cables. This of course does not reduce basic cost and effort of building, cooling, and interconnecting the separate enclosures.
Some details of internal arrangements of enclosures 12, 14, and 16, and interconnections therebetween, are schematically depicted in FIG. 2. In RFPS enclosure 12 only an arrangement for combining the outputs of multiple amplifier stages via a plurality of coaxial cable sections 24 is depicted for simplicity of illustration. Such a power combining arrangement is described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,755,452 assigned to the assignee of the present invention, and the complete disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
The combined single output of the RFPS is passed through a well-shielded RF-interconnect box 26 to bring the combined power from the RFPS to an impedance-matching network 28, here, comprising inductances L1 and L2, and capacitors C1 and C2. Inductances L1, L2, and capacitor C1 are connected together at a common node 29. The output of impedance-matching network 28 connects to a hermetically sealed, low-impedance feed-through in enclosure 16, indicated by dashed outline 30, to match the impedance ZL of discharge-electrodes 34 and 36 of the laser.
Laser systems such as system 10 are typically integrated into much larger apparatus for carrying out some laser-process such as laser-machining, or laser heat-treatment. Because of this, there is always a demand for reducing the size and complexity of such a laser-system to make the laser-system more easily integrated into the laser-processing system and to make the processing system itself more compact.


Systems, apparatus and methods for a mobile device and a base station almanac server to throttle crowdsourcing information are presented. The crowdsourcing information is used to improve a location of a base station in a base station almanac. A portion of the base station almanac is provided to a mobile device. For example, the mobile device may identify its current cell and request the base station almanac. The mobile device records crowdsourcing information to identify, for each particular base station of at least one base station, a cellular identifier for the particular base station, optional ranging information between the particular base station and the mobile device, and an independent position of the mobile device. The independent position of the mobile device may be formed from global navigation satellite system (GNSS) or station signals independent of the at least one base station.

I. Field of the Invention
This disclosure relates generally to systems, apparatus and methods for determining a base station position, and more particularly to determining a base station position based on crowdsourcing from mobile stations.
II. Background
Many applications require an estimate of a mobile station's position estimate. To acquire a position estimate, a mobile station may determine its position relative to three or more base stations assuming a location of each base station is already known. The base station locations may be communicated from the base stations to the mobile station. Alternatively, the base station locations may be communicated from a base station almanac (BS almanac) server to the mobile station via a base station. Inaccuracies in the BS almanac directly lead to inaccuracies in a position estimate of a mobile station. Therefore, a means is needed to refine a known location of a base station in a BS almanac.

Crowdsourcing based on base station almanac quality


A line light source includes an illuminating bar having end portions opposite each other, and a light emitting diode disposed on each end portion of the illuminating bar. The end portions of the illuminating bar are each slant with respect to a vertical axis thereof at a predetermined slant angle. The illuminating bar includes a fluorescent material or a phosphorescent material.

(a) Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a light source for a device displaying images.
(b) Description of the Related Art
Devices for displaying images, such as television receivers, computer monitors or the like, are classified into self-luminescence display devices capable of self-emitting and light receiving display devices necessitating a separate light source. Light emitting diode (LED), electroluminescence (EL), vacuum fluorescent display (VFD), field emission display (FED), and plasma display panel (PDP) devices, etc. are included in the self-luminescence display device category, while liquid crystal display (LCD) devices, etc. are included in the light receiving display device category.
Generally, an LCD device includes a pair of panels individually having electrodes on their inner surfaces, and a dielectric anisotropy liquid crystal layer interposed between the panels. In the LCD device, a variation of the voltage difference between the field generating electrodes, i.e., a variation in the strength of an electric field generated by the electrodes, changes the transmittance of light passing through the liquid crystal layer, and thus desired images are obtained by controlling the voltage difference between the electrodes.
In the LCD device, the light may be natural light or artificial light emitted from a light source separately employed in the LCD device.
A backlight unit is a representative device for providing the artificial light to the LCD device. Light emitting diodes (LEDs) or fluorescent lamps such as cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFLs), external electrode fluorescent lamps (EEFLs), etc. may be utilized as a light source of the backlight unit.
The LED has eco-friendly characteristics since it dose not use mercury (Hg) and its working lifetime is longer than the lifetimes of most other light sources due to its stable characteristics. For at least these reasons, the LED may be used as a next-generation light source.
However, the light emitted from the LED tends to be condensed to a substantially narrow area. For applying such an LED to a surface light source, therefore, a technique that is capable of distributing the light from the LED to a wider region is required in this field. For this reason, a space only used for uniformly distributing such a light may be further provided in the device. In a direct-type backlight, such a space may increase the thickness of the backlight, while forming a dead space at both sides of the LCD panel in an edge-type backlight. As a result, it may be incongruent to apply such a space to designs for fabricating compact, slim, and light LCD devices.

Line light source using light emitting diode and lens and backlight unit using the same


A method for determining prominent keyphrases in interactions, comprising, receiving keyphrases of numerous interactions received via a plurality of channels that comprise apparatuses for conveying the interactions according to the media thereof, quantitatively evaluating each keyphrase by a plurality of different metrics thereby yielding a corresponding plurality of values, and linearly combining the plurality of the values with a corresponding plurality of coefficients associated with a channel via which an interaction having said keyphrase is received, thereby providing a score of said keyphrase, and based on a condition related to the scores of the keyphrases, selecting at least one keyphrase as an at least one prominent keyphrase, wherein the method is at least partially performed by an at least one computerized apparatus configured for interfacing with the apparatuses of the plurality of the channels.

The present disclosure generally relates to interaction analysis, and more specifically to determination of prominent terms in interactions.
Some attempted solutions have tried to analyze data from multi-channel interactions.
For example, Clarabridge Engage (Clarabridge, Reston, Va., USA, http://www.clarabridge.com) that provides a solution to support multi-channel engagement, allowing for a more holistic engagement program.
Another example is Nexidia Interaction Analytics (Nexidia Inc., Atlanta, Ga., USA, http://www.nexidia.com) that provides a solution which structures, synthesizes and analyzes multi-channel contact center interactions.

Determination of prominent phrases in multi-channel interactions by multi-feature evaluations


Packets or frames of data may be compressed, encrypted/decrypted, filtered, classified, searched or subjected to other deep-packet processing operations before being distributed through the internet. The microprocessor system and method of the present invention provide for the orderly processing of such data packets without disrupting or changing the sequence in which the data is intended to be transmitted to its destination. This is achieved by receiving frames into an input buffer for processing. Associated with this input buffer is a unit for determining the operation to be performed on each frame. An arbitrator assigns each frame to a processing core engine. An output buffer collects the processed frames, and a sequencer forwards the processed frames from the output buffer to their destination in the same order as received by the input/output buffer. Maintaining the sequence of data transmission is particularly useful in voice transmission, such as videos and movies.

The processing of packets or frames has traditionally been carried out by a network server. Each packet contains a header and data. The header provides some generic instructions or information, such as IP source or destination information, or control information. However, at times, such as an HTTP request, the instructions may not be contained in the header and can only be ascertained by going beyond the header and delving into the data itself. This is called 'deep-packet' processing. The necessity of searching beyond the header into the data unduly increases the amount of time consumed by the network server in processing the packets.
As internet traffic increases, the deep-packet processing functions, such as packet compression, encryption, filtering, classification, and searches are being moved from the network server to the edges of the network where these processing functions can be conducted by so-called edge equipment, such as load balancers, TCP/IP offload equipment, routers, switches, firewall devices and others.
At the network edge, there is a demand for a high-throughput of 10 Gbps or higher deep-packet processing elements. Given that the deep-packet processing functions require a large number of operations on packet data, it is necessary to perform these functions on multiple packets in parallel using multiple processing engines. Some communication protocols require that packets be delivered to the destination in the order of transmission. Situations in which maintaining the sequence of data transmission is particularly useful are voice transmission, such as those involving videos and movies. Therein, it becomes necessary for multiprocessing systems to preserve packet sequences.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Sequence-preserving deep-packet processing in a multiprocessor system

International Business Machines Corporation


A rendering method, medium and apparatus for sequentially performing one or more third raster operations to test whether a fragment can be displayed as a pixel after sequentially performing one or more second raster operations to test whether the fragment can be displayed as the pixel, so as to provide efficient power consumption and rapid completion of rendering.

1. Field
One or more embodiments of the present invention relate to rendering, and more particularly, to a 3D graphics accelerator supporting a pipeline structure which is not programmable, that is, a fixed function pipeline structure.
2. Description of the Related Art
A conventional rendering apparatus supporting a fixed function pipeline structure performs a number of fixed graphics operations on each of a plurality of fragments generated for every plane formed of a plurality of vertices in order to perform rendering (that is, visualization) on a model constructed with the plurality of vertices. In this case, the graphics operation may be an operation of displaying fragments as pixels such as when texture mapping, or an operation of testing whether the fragments can be displayed as pixels such as when performing a depth test. Here, texture mapping denotes mapping information on quality and texture of a 2D image to a fragment, and performing a depth test denotes testing whether a fragment to be displayed can be displayed as a pixel by comparing a depth value of the fragment and a depth value matched to a displayable position of the fragment.
The conventional rendering apparatus, and more particularly, a rendering apparatus supporting a fixed function pipeline structure according to an open graphics library (OpenGL) proposed by the OpenGL architecture review board performs graphics operations of testing whether fragments can be displayed as pixels, after performing one or more graphics operations of displaying fragments as pixels. Accordingly, the conventional rendering apparatus performs unnecessary graphics operations of displaying fragments to be tested as pixels, that ultimately cannot be displayed as pixels. This creates a problem in that efficient power consumption and rapid completion of rendering are difficult to achieve. The problem can increase when the conventional rendering apparatus performs a graphics operation, such as texture mapping, that has a large operation capacity to display fragments as pixels.


A gripper includes grip members which are mounted on a first rotary shaft and a second rotary shaft, respectively, so as to be opened and closed. An engaging pawl is formed on an upper surface of the grip member. Both shafts are elevatable in an integral manner. A receptacle member is disposed below an exit star-wheel, and is arranged to rotate integrally with the star-wheel. The gripper is located below the flange of the vessel when receiving the vessel. Accordingly, the engaging pawl cannot contact the flange. When the vessel is depressed by the capping head during a capping operation, the engaging pawl engages the vessel. When the vessel is discharged, the vessel remains suspended above the receptacle member, and the gripper then descends to place the vessel on the receptacle member and to disengage the engaging pawl of the gripper. Accordingly, there is no scarring of the vessel when the vessel is introduced into and discharged from the screw capper, and a stable conveyance of vessels is enabled.

The invention relates to a screw capper which engages a cap held by a capping head around the threaded mouth of a vessel and tightens it.
A screw capper is widely used for engaging and tightening threads formed on the internal surface of a cap which is held by a capping head with threads formed around the mouth of vessel while the vessels are conveyed in the rotating condition as they are supported by vessel support members which are mounted on a revolving body, by causing a capping head which holds a cap which is formed with internal threads to rotate while moving down.
When tightening the cap by the capping head, if the cap is allowed to rotate together with the cap, a torque which is sufficient to tighten the cap around the mouth of the vessel is not obtained, leaving the likelihood of a liquid leak subsequently. In order to prevent the vessel from rotating when the cap is tightened around it, a capping operation usually takes place while firmly gripping the barrel of a vessel for high rigidity vessels such as glass bottles. However, vessels which are formed of pliable materials such as PET bottles which find an extensive application recently, there arises a likelihood that when the barrel is gripped, the vessel may be deformed to cause a liquid which is filled therein to spill through the mouth of the vessel. Accordingly, there is a proposal for a screw capper (see Japanese Patent Publication No. 36,957/1992) which is capable of preventing a vessel, formed of a pliant material such as PET vessel, from rotating during a tightening operation by the screw capper.
In the screw capper disclosed in the cited Publication, a star-wheel (suspension mechanism 5) is formed with an engaging disc-like projection (anti-rotation blade 6) at a position which bears against the lower surface of a flange on a plastics vessel 1 so that the engagement of the blade with the lower surface of the flange prevents the vessel from rotating. However, with this arrangement, when a vessel is introduced into the star-wheel or when it is discharged from the star-wheel, the lower surface of the flange may be scarred. In particular, during the capping operation when the cap is strongly urged against the vessel by the capping head to cause the flange to engage the disc-like projection, the lower surface of the flange may be seriously scarred if it is attempted to take the vessel out of the star-wheel to be discharged subsequent to the capping operation.
For this reason, in the screw capper disclosed in the cited Publication, upon completion of the capping operation, the bottom of the vessel is placed on a stationary skewed plate to push it up in a gradual manner, thus disengaging the flange from the engaging disc-like projection before the vessel is taken out. However, this arrangement in which the vessel is caused to slide up the skewed stationary plate in order to allow the flange of the vessel to be disengaged from the star-wheel has a drawback that the conveyance of vessels may become unstable.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a screw capper which is free from the likelihood of scarring the lower surface of a flange of a vessel when the vessel is introduced into and discharged from the capper and which is capable of assuring a stable conveyance of vessels upon completion of the capping operation when the lower surface of the flange is to be disengaged from the engaging projection.
Above object is accomplished by a screw capper comprising conveying means including a plurality of support members, each capable of bearing against the lower surface of a flange formed around the mouth of a vessel, thus conveying the vessels while they are suspended by the support members, a capping head for threadably engaging and tightening a cap around the vessel which is being conveyed while it is suspended by the conveying means, and an engaging projection formed on the top surface of the support member and engageable with the lower surface of the flange, the arrangement being such that during the tightening operation of the cap, the capping head operates to depress the vessel through the cap to cause the lower surface of the flange to be engaged with the engaging projection in order to prevent the vessel from rotating. In accordance with the invention, the screw capper further comprises a receptacle member on which the vessel can be placed, and elevating means for elevating the support member, the arrangement being such that upon completion of tightening the cap around the vessel, the support member is caused to move down in order to place the vessel on the receptacle member, thus terminating the engagement of flange with the engaging projection.
With the screw capper constructed in the manner mentioned above, the vessel is discharged after the flange of the vessel is disengaged from the engaging projection by causing the support member to move down upon completion of the capping operation, thus avoiding the likelihood of scarring the vessel by the engaging projection. In addition, the flange of the vessel can be disengaged from the engaging projection in a reliable manner by causing the support member to descend to a location above the receptacle member before the vessel is discharged.
According to an invention the likelihood of the flange of the vessel being scarred by an engaging projection on a gripper is avoided when introducing the vessel into the screw capper. At this end, the support member comprises a gripper which grips a portion located below the flange of the vessel, and when conveying means receives the vessel, the gripper maintains a clearance with respect to the lower surface of the flange while gripping the vessel.
According to an invention, there is provided a screw capper which assures a stable conveyance of vessels when the lower surface of the flange is disengaged from the engaging projection upon completion of the capping operation. This object is accomplished by causing the receptacle member to move in substantially in the same direction and with a same speed as the vessel being conveyed at least in a region where the support member moves down to place the vessel on the receptacle member.


In a mounting method for mounting a bump-equipped electronic component 5 with a plurality of metallic bumps 6 on a substrate 2 with a plurality of electrodes 3, during the process of connecting the metallic bumps 6 to the electrodes 3 by aligning the metallic bumps with the electrodes 3 with thermosetting resin 4 intervening between the electronic component 5 and substrate 2 and by pressing the electronic component 5 to the substrate 2 while exerting ultrasonic oscillation, heat and applied pressure on the electronic component 5, all of the metallic bumps 6 are brought into contact with the electrodes so that they are electrically connected to each other, and when some of the metallic bumps are metallic-bonded to the electrodes, ultrasonic oscillation is stopped. Thus, it is possible to prevent occurrence of damage owing to the excessive exertion of ultrasonic oscillation on the metallic bumps which have precedently started their metallic-bonding.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a mounting method of a bump-equipped electronic component for mounting a bump-equipped electronic component with a plurality of metallic bumps on a substrate and a mounting structure of the bump-equipped electronic component with a plurality of metallic bumps.
2. Description of the Related Art
As a technique for mounting, on a substrate, a bump-equipped electronic component such as a flip chip which is a semiconductor device equipped with metallic bumps which are electrodes for connection, ultrasonic bonding has been adopted (for example, JP-A-10-335373 and JP-A-2001-298146). In this mounting technique, by pressing the bump-equipped electronic component onto the substrate with ultrasonic oscillation, heat and applied pressure being exerted on the bump-equipped electronic component, the metallic bumps are metallic-bonded to the electrodes on the substrate through ultrasonic bonding so that the metallic bumps are electrically connected to the electrodes
Meanwhile, there are changes in the size of the metallic bumps formed on the bump-equipped electronic component. In the above ultrasonic bonding, the bumps are metallic-bonded to the electrodes in order from the bump having a larger size brought in contact with the corresponding electrode. During the bonding process, the metallic bumps are slightly crushed by pressure so that all the metallic bumps are metallic-bonded to the corresponding electrodes, thus completing the ultrasonic bonding.
However, in the above ultrasonic bonding for the bump-equipped electronic component, the degree of progress of the ultrasonic bonding is different for each metallic bump because of a difference in bump size. Therefore, the metallic bump for which the metallic bonding has been precendently started is continuously subjected to ultrasonic oscillation with the lower end having already been metallic-bonded to the electrode. The metallic bump excessively subjected to such ultrasonic oscillation suffers from an excessive stress due to oscillation displacement at the base of the bump. This leads to a problem that in the state where the ultrasonic bonding has been completed, a damage such as a crack is generated at the base of the bump.

Mounting method of bump-equipped electronic component and mounting structure of the same

Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.


Diaryinitrones are provided which are useful for near UV photolithography.

The present invention is directed to a method of enhancing the contrast of images of objects such as masks for photolithography in the manufacture of integrated circuits and materials therefor.
Lithography in the production of integrated circuits is predominantly carried out by optical means. In the drive to reduce circuit dimensions, improved performance and increase yield, optical systems have provided the required resolution with each successive generation of circuit technology. The image resolution of projection lithographic systems has recently begun to approach the physical limits imposed by practical constraints on numerical aperture and wavelength. While further improvements in lithographic technology are anticipated, dramatic improvements in inherent lens resolution are not. In order to continue the reduction of minimum feature size achievable by optical techniques, it is necessary to alter some other aspect of the lithographic process for further improvements. One area in which further improvements are possible is in the photoresist process. Each photoresist is characterized by some degree of incident contrast necessary to produce patterns usable for subsequent processing. This minimum required contrast of illumination is referred to as the contrast threshold of the resist. Depending on substrate properties, the required pattern thickness and resist edge profiles, conventionally used positive photoresist has a contrast threshold between 85% and 90% contrast. Currently, most production is done at 90% incident contrast or more. If the contrast threshold of the resist is reduced, the resolution obtainable with a given optical system is improved due to the fact that image contrast is a decreasing function of the spatial frequencies present in the image.
The present invention is directed to provide a photoresist process in which the contrast of an aerial image utilized in the process is enhanced prior to incidence on the photoresist.
An object of the present invention is to lower the minimum contrast required to produce usable images in a photoresist.
Another object of the present invention is to provide new photobleachable compounds and materials.
In carrying out the invention in an illustrative embodiment thereof, a layer of photoresist of a first thickness and having a predetermined contrast threshold is provided. An object or mask is provided having opaque and transparent areas. An image having a contrast less than the predetermined contrast threshold of the photoresist is formed of the object on the layer of photoresist by projecting light of a predetermined wavelength through the object. A layer of photobleachable material including a photobleachable compound is provided between the object and the layer of photoresist and adjacent a surface of the layer of photoresist. The photobleachable compound is sensitive to the aforementioned wavelength of light and has extinction coefficient to molecular weight ratio in liters per gram-centimeter in the unbleached state greater than about 10. The ratio of the extinction coefficient for the unbleached state to the extinction coefficient for the bleached state of the photobleachable material is also greater than about 10. Light of the aforementioned wavelength and of a predetermined intensity is projected through the object onto the layer of photobleachable material for a time to obtain a reduction in optical density of the layer of photobleachable material in direct proportion to the dosage of light of the aforementioned wavelength incident thereof, whereby the integrated contrast of the image transmitted by the layer of photobleachable material increases with dosage transmitted thereby, reaches a maximum value and thereafter decreases. Parameters of the layer of photobleachable material are selected such that the maximum value of integrated contrast is greater than the predetermined threshold contrast of the layer of photoresist. The sensitivity of the layer of photoresist and the thickness thereof are selected such that the layer of photoresist is fully exposed by a dosage in a predetermined range transmitted by the layer of photobleachable material and provides an integrated contrast in the transmitted image above the predetermined contrast threshold of the photoresist. Light of the aforementioned predetermined wavelength is projected through the object for a time to provide the dosage in aforementioned predetermined range transmitted through the photobleachable layer. The layer of photobleachable material is removed and the layer of photoresist is developed whereby a pattern representing an enhancement in contrast of the image of reduced contrast of the object is formed in the layer of photoresist.
Another aspect of the present invention is directed to a spin castable mixture capable of forming a photobleachable layer having an absorption maximum in the range of 300 to 450 nanometers comprising by weight
(A) 100 parts of organic solvent, PA0 (B) 1 to 30 parts, preferably 5 to 15 parts, of an inert organic polymer binder, PA0 (C) 1 to 30 parts, preferably 5 to 15 parts, of an aryl nitrone.


A method of making polycrystalline CBN compacts, high in CBN content, is provided. The method includes making a powdered composition by subjecting a mixture of CBN, present in an amount of at least 80 volume percent of the mixture, and a powdered binder phase to attrition milling. This powdered mixture is subjected to conditions of elevated temperature and pressure suitable to produce CBN compacts.

This invention relates to the manufacture of polycrystalline cubic boron nitride abrasive compacts.
Boron nitride exists typically in three crystalline forms, namely cubic boron nitride (CBN), hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and wurtzitic cubic boron nitride (wBN). Cubic boron nitride is a hard zinc blende form of boron nitride that has a similar structure to that of diamond. In the CBN structure, the bonds that form between the atoms are strong, mainly covalent tetrahedral bonds. Methods for preparing CBN are well known in the art. One such method is subjecting hBN to very high pressures and temperatures, in the presence of a specific catalytic additive material, which may include the alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, lead, tin and nitrides of these metals. When the temperature and pressure are decreased, CBN may be recovered.
CBN has wide commercial application in machining tools and the like. It may be used as an abrasive particle in grinding wheels, cutting tools and the like or bonded to a tool body to form a tool insert using conventional electroplating techniques.
CBN may also be used in bonded form as a CBN compact, also known as PCBN. CBN compacts tend to have good abrasive wear, are thermally stable, have a high thermal conductivity, good impact resistance and have a low coefficient of friction when in contact with a workpiece.
Diamond is the only known material that is harder than CBN. However, as diamond tends to react with certain materials such as iron, it cannot be used when working with iron containing metals and therefore use of CBN in these instances is preferable.
CBN compacts comprise sintered polycrystalline masses of CBN particles. When the CBN content exceeds 75 percent by volume of the compact, there is a considerable amount of CBN-to-CBN contact and bonding. When the CBN content is lower, e.g. in the region of 40 to 60 percent by volume of the compact, then the extent of direct CBN-to-CBN contact and bonding is less.
CBN compacts will generally also contain a binder containing one or more of phase(s) containing aluminium, silicon, cobalt, nickel, titanium, chromium, tungsten and iron.
A further secondary hard phase, which may be ceramic in nature, may also be present. Examples of suitable ceramic hard phases are carbides, nitrides, borides and carbonitrides of a Group 4, 5 or 6 transition metal, aluminium oxide, and mixtures thereof.
The matrix is defined to constitute all the ingredients in the composition excluding CBN.
CBN compacts may be bonded directly to a tool body in the formation of a tool insert or tool. However, for many applications it is preferable that the compact is bonded to a substrate/support material, forming a supported compact structure, and then the supported compact structure is bonded to a tool body. The substrate/support material is typically a cemented metal carbide that is bonded together with a binder such as cobalt, nickel, iron or a mixture or alloy thereof. The metal carbide particles may comprise tungsten, titanium or tantalum carbide particles or a mixture thereof.
A known method for manufacturing the polycrystalline CBN compacts and supported compact structures involves subjecting an unsintered mass of CBN particles, to high temperature and high pressure conditions, i.e. conditions at which the CBN is crystallographically stable, for a suitable time period. A binder phase may be used to enhance the bonding of the particles. Typical conditions of high temperature and pressure (HTHP) which are used are temperatures in the region of 1100° C. or higher and pressures of the order of 2 GPa or higher. The time period for maintaining these conditions is typically about 3 to 120 minutes.
The sintered CBN compact, with or without substrate, is often cut into the desired size and/or shape of the particular cutting or drilling tool to be used and then mounted on to a tool body utilising brazing techniques.
High CBN materials (also known as PCBN) are used mainly in machining applications such as grey cast iron, powder metallurgy (PM) steels, high chromium cast irons, white cast irons and high manganese steels. High CBN materials are used normally in roughing and heavy interrupted machining operations. In certain cases they are also used in finish machining, such as finish machining of grey cast iron and powder metallurgy (PM) irons.
Such a wide application area for PCBN places a demand for a material that has a high abrasion resistance, high edge integrity, high strength, high toughness, and high heat resistance. These combinations of properties can only be achieved by a material that has high CBN content, at least 75 volume % and a binding phase that will form a high strength bond with CBN.
Because CBN is the most critical component of the high CBN material which provides hardness, strength, toughness, high thermal conductivity, high abrasion resistance and low friction coefficient in contact with iron bearing materials, the main function of the binder phase is to cement the CBN grains in the structure and complement CBN properties in the composite. Therefore, the weaker link in the high CBN composite design is the binder phase as compared to CBN.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,316,094 and EP 1,043,410 both describe methods of making polycrystalline CBN compacts which contain a low, i.e. less than 70 volume percent, CBN content. These CBN compacts differ materially from compacts of this invention in both overall cBN content and in the function or role of the non-cBN matrix. It is well known in the art that high and low CBN content materials are fundamentally different from one another—evidenced by their use in widely divergent applications.
Low CBN content compact matrix material will include both a secondary hard phase and a binder phase, where the secondary hard phase is the dominant material in the matrix. For these compacts, the matrix phase (particularly the secondary hard phase) plays a significant role in determining, in and of itself, the performance of the compact in application. This matrix phase will be present in sufficient quantity (greater than 30 volume percent) to be continuous in two dimensions. In some examples in the patents cited above, the secondary hard phase, binder phase and CBN are subjected to attrition milling. The purpose of this milling is the reduction in size of the brittle secondary hard phase material and the homogenous dispersion of the binder, secondary hard phase particles and CBN particles.
In high CBN content polycrystalline compacts, the CBN plays the dominant role in determining performance in the application. The role of the matrix is chiefly to facilitate reaction bonding between CBN particles, hence cementing them together. The higher CBN content and required formation of a strong cementing bond necessitates that the matrix mixture in high CBN content compacts contains far higher relative quantities of ductile binder phase material. The compact may still contain some level of secondary hard phase material.


This autofocus is a system for improving the image quality of an airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), that is mechanized in the high-speed digital signal processors with some control capability from the operating console to perform on-line focusing, to provide a unique and superior focusing technique. It includes (a) selecting the range bins which contain the strongest signals; (b) forming the subapertures from the end pulses in the selected range bins and performing map correlations; (c) judging the quality of each map correlation by its associated discriminate and determining the best one; and (d) generating the correcting phasors based on the best correlation and correcting the radar data accordingly.

The present invention relates generally to a real-time high resolution autofocus system in digital radar signal processors.
Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is believed to be one of the most intensively investigated areas in radar technology because of its tremendous applications ranging from military surveillance and weapon guidance to navigation and geological survey. Resolution and mapping range are considered to be two of the most important criteria in the performance evaluation of SAR images.
United States patents of interest include Herman et al U.S. Pat. No. 4,219,811, which discloses a synthetic array radar automatic focusing system which acts through derivation of focus error signals representative of required parameter changes in the processing of synthetic array data. The patented system obtains focus error signals by comparison of correlation data derived from a selected number of synthetic sub-arrays. Herman et al U.S. Pat. No. 4,227,194 discloses a synthetic array processor which achieves continuous real-time synthetic array mapping in the form of line-by-line imagery. The device of this patent is adaptable to all-range focusing and operation at various pointing angles. A Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) focusing system is taught by Weindling in U.S. Pat. No. 4,724,418. The SAR of Weindling is described in conjunction with the production of a terrain map. Caputi, Jr. U.S. Pat. No. 4,246,580 is concerned with a processor for correcting data from a bistatic SAR to eliminate distortions and resolution limitations. Powell U.S. Pat. No. 4,564,839 describes a radar signal focusing technique for radar systems which are suitable for high resolution applications such as ground-mapping and air reconnaissance.
An autofocus scheme using an elegant transformation technique for cross correlation was invented by a group of Hughes scientists lead by Dr. Morris Swiger. A pending patent application Ser. No. 05/864,293 filed Dec. 27, 1977 is of interest. This autofocus scheme was demonstrated successfully in one of Hughes' radar programs. Elegant as it may be, however, because of its computational complexity and the lack of control flexibility, there was still need for a scheme better suited in real-time applications. Furthermore, given extra array time which may have resulted from any system adjustment or software modification, there was need for a technique which could perform extra correlations to improve the performance (e.g. reliability), to fully utilize the extra array time and not to waste the extra computing power.

Real-time high resolution autofocus system in digital radar signal processors

The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Air Force


A method of the invention manages data stream processing tasks of an application topology in a stream processing system, the stream processing system having one or more data producers, one or more compute nodes, and one or more result consumers, includes: assigning geographic scope granularities to the data stream processing tasks of the application topology; receiving, by a task manager from a result consumer of the one or more result consumers, a subscription in order to trigger data processing for computing a result, the subscription including geographic scope related information concerning the triggered data processing]; generating, by the task manager based on the geographic scope related information of the subscription, an execution plan including task instances for performing the triggered data processing; and generating, by the task manager from the execution plan, a deployment plan for deploying the task instances of the execution plan on the compute nodes.

In a stream processing framework or a data flow management system, a set of inter-connected tasks are typically defined within an application topology to be scheduled and deployed over multiple compute nodes in a distributed environment such as a cloud or cluster. In such a system, a deployment plan is generated for each application topology to determine how many task instances are needed and on which compute node to execute them.

Method and system for managing data stream processing


An apparatus and system for generating sound and methods for making and using same. A motor-driving signal with an audio signal component is applied to a motor. When driven by the motor-driving signal, the motor thereby can generate a sound that corresponds to the audio signal component. An exemplary sound can include high-quality audio content such as music, speech, or a combination thereof. The motor-driving signal can be produced by modulating a carrier signal with the audio signal and can enable a vibration in the motor for generating the sound. When associated with a mobile platform, the motor can be configured to generate the sound and enable the mobile platform to move. Advantageously, without installing separate audio system hardware, the mobile platform thereby is capable of conveying information that is audible and comprehensible to a human. Communication efficiency between the human and the mobile platform can thus be improved.

Mobile platforms, such as manned and unmanned vehicles, can be used for performing surveillance, reconnaissance, and exploration tasks for military and civilian applications.
For example, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) may be outfitted with a functional payload, such as a sensor for collecting data from the surrounding environment or a substance to be delivered to a destination. Even though UAV technology has had great development, further improvements are always desired.
It should be noted that the figures are not drawn to scale and that elements of similar structures or functions are generally represented by like reference numerals for illustrative purposes throughout the figures. It also should be noted that the figures are only intended to facilitate the description of the preferred embodiments. The figures do not illustrate every aspect of the described embodiments and do not limit the scope of the present disclosure.

System, apparatus and method for generating sound


A vehicle navigation apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes a vehicle sensor positioned in a front or a rear of a vehicle, the vehicle sensor configured to recognize surrounding information and road information of the vehicle, and a processor configured to identify destination information requested by a user of the vehicle, identify location information of the vehicle through the vehicle sensor, identify the recognized surrounding information and the recognized road information of the vehicle, and identify information about a route according to the identified destination information by controlling the vehicle to identify information about a bus station within a range specified based on the location information of the vehicle and bus information, calculating a degree of congestion of the route, and displaying the calculated degree of congestion through a display device.

Domestically, bus lanes and stops are present in the rightmost end lane. Some overseas countries also operate bus-only lanes and bus stops in the same manner. For this reason, when a vehicle driver receives a guide of a right turn while driving on a city road, the driver may wait in the right lane for a long time because of a bus stopping at a bus station, a bus entering a station, or a bus moving from a station to another lane.
In this case, the guidance reliability for the driver may be reduced in addition to causing an increase in the predicted time of arrival for the desired destination.
For the purpose of improving the guidance reliability for a user and the predicted accuracy of the arrival time, there is a need for an additional service method in a vehicle.

Apparatus for navigation system with traffic environment in vehicle, system having the same and method thereof


A three-way indexable throwaway tip for deep-hole drilling can be used as a center cutting blade body for a drill head in either whole cutting type or uncut core break-off type applications. The throwaway tip for deep-hole drilling is of a thick plate body having a three-fold symmetry with three cutting sections that are rotationally spaced apart at a central angle of 120 degrees. When mounted on a drill head, one cutting section of the throwaway tip faces a drilling direction. The forward facing blade edge of that cutting section includes an inner blade edge shorter in blade length and an outer blade edge longer in blade length forming an apex. The outer blade edge is composed of two consecutive blade edge portions of a peak-side outer blade edge portion having a smaller outer blade edge angle and a corner-side outer blade edge portion having a larger outer blade edge angle.

There has conventionally been a drill head for deep-hole drilling employing a throwaway tip for a blade body, as shown in FIG. 8(A) and FIG. 8(B), for example. This drill head 50 has a substantially cylindrical head main body 51 with a hollow portion 52 opened at a proximal end side and a head distal end surface 51a of a substantially obtuse conical shape provided with one large and one small cutting chip discharge port 53A, 53B forming a substantially fan shape whose central angle is 90 degrees and communicating with the hollow portion 52. A center cutting blade body 54A and a circumference side blade body 54B are formed on an opening side edge of the large cutting chip discharge port 53A along a head radial direction D, and an intermediate portion blade body 54C is formed on an opening side edge of the small cutting chip discharge port 53B along the same head radial direction D by screw-clamping throwaway tips 60 on recessed mounting seats of the head main body 51 side, respectively. Further, on an outer circumferential surface 51b of the head main body 51, guide pads 55A to 55D are screw-clamped at the distal end side and a male thread 56 is provided at the proximal end side.
In deep-hole drilling work, a proximal portion side of the drill head 50 is threaded into and mounted on a distal end portion of a hollow boring bar (not shown) by the male thread 56, and the boring bar is coupled to a driving shaft such as a spindle of a machine tool to be rotatingly-driven or otherwise rotate a work material, thereby drilling the work material by cutting bodies 54A to 54C to form a deep-hole. Moreover, it is noted that a relative rotation direction of the drill head 50 is a counterclockwise direction in FIG. 8(A). During the deep-hole drilling work, a coolant is supplied into a cutting region through a gap between a cutting hole and the boring bar at high pressure, made to flow from the cutting chip discharge ports 53A, 53B into the hollow portion 52 together with cutting chips generated in the cutting region, and discharged outside through the inside of the hollow boring bar.
The throwaway tip 60 on this occasion is of a hexagonal thick plate body shape, has a three-fold symmetry in which a sectional shape when divided into three sections at the central angle of 120 degrees is equalized, and has an inner blade edge 62 shorter in blade length and an outer blade edge 61 longer in blade length adjacent to each other and constituting one unit of an angular shaped blade portion. That is, each throwaway tip 60 is mounted by a fixing bolt 63 having passed through a bolt insertion hole provided at the center thereof in such a manner that an angular shaped blade portion at one place faces the front end of the head main body as a blade edge. When the angular shaped blade portion reaches its wear limit or gets damaged, the mounting posture is turned 120 degrees and a new angular shaped blade portion can be made to face the front end. As a result, the throwaway tip has an advantage of being usable three times in total by rotating the tip to present a new blade edge and thus having a longer service life. See Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Application No. H07-068408.
On the other hand, this kind of drill head 50 carries out whole cutting so that an entire cutting hole is formed by drilling. Therefore, the center cutting blade body 54A responsible for cutting the central portion of a cutting hole is required to be precisely positioned and mounted in such a manner that a blade edge matches with a diametral line D about a head shaft center axis O and an inner end 62a of the inner blade edge 62 is arranged slightly beyond the head shaft center axis O. Therefore, a cutting rate becomes zero theoretically at the head shaft center axis O during deep-hole drilling work, and thus, a blade edge portion positioned in the shaft center O does not exert a cutting force as what is referred to as a chisel edge, which results in crushing a work material, and thrust resistance is loaded. As a result, this has been a factor that cutting efficiency cannot be enhanced.
Consequently, as for a deep-hole drilling tool employing a throwaway tip with a two-fold symmetry as a blade body, more specifically, a throwaway tip of a parallelogrammatic thick plate body, having blade edges on opposed two sides and being usable twice in total by replacing the blade edge by a 180 degree turn, the present inventor has already proposed one configured such that a sinking portion is provided to a tip side surface at a blade edge inner end side, and the blade edge inner end is arranged spaced apart from the head shaft center axis, thereby forming a non-cutting zone in the vicinity of the shaft center and breaking off an uncut core of a work material generated in the non-cutting zone by press-contacting with an inclined step of the sinking portion. See Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Application No. 2003-25129 & Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Application No. 2003-236713.
However, when the inner end of the blade edge is arranged so as to be spaced apart from the head shaft center axis in the three-fold symmetric throwaway tip 60 as used in the drill head as shown in FIG. 8, there is a concern that the uncut core of the work material generated in the non-cutting zone cannot be broken off as in the afore-described two-fold symmetric throwaway tip and the uncut core grows long, thereby degrading cutting chip dischargeability and additionally causing a cutting chip clogging, which falls into cutting inability. As a result, the three-fold symmetric throwaway tip has been applicable only to the normal whole cutting type.

Throwaway tip for deep-hole drilling and drill head for deep-hole drilling


To suppress occurrence of dislocation in a substrate of a semiconductor device at an end portion of a gate electrode. Provided is a semiconductor device having a plurality of element formation regions formed over the main surface of a semiconductor substrate, an element isolation trench located between the element formation regions and having an element isolation insulating film embedded therein, and a gate insulating film, a gate electrode and a plurality of interconnect layers formed thereabove, each formed in the element formation region, wherein the element isolation trench has a thermal oxide film formed between the semiconductor substrate and the element isolation insulating film, and the element isolation film has a great number of micro-pores formed inside thereof and is more porous than the thermal oxide film.

An insulating film which is to be a sidewall is formed on the sidewalls of a gate electrode of an MOS transistor, and source and drain regions are formed by implanting an impurity into both sides of the gate electrode. At the end portions of these source and drain regions, however, many crystal defects appear in a silicon substrate. As a method of preventing these crystal defects, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. H8(1996)-97210 (Patent Document 1) discloses a mode in which the influence of a stress caused by a nitride film formed on the side surface of a gate electrode is suppressed by forming an oxide film on the side surfaces of the gate electrode and between a silicon nitride film to be sidewalls and a substrate therebelow. [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. H8(1996)-97210

Semiconductor device and manufacturing method thereof


An electrical power distribution system for a vehicle may comprise two or more independently grounded buses. An evaluation system may selectively connectable to either of the buses. The evaluation system may comprise a primary side; and a secondary side isolated from the primary side. The primary side may be connected to transmit evaluation data to the secondary side. The primary side may be grounded at a primary grounding level. The primary side may be connectable to either of the buses so that, when connected, the grounding level of the primary side is equalized with a grounding level of the connected bus.

The present invention generally relates to fault detection and quality monitoring of multiple, independently grounded, power and data transmission circuits.
In vehicles such as aircraft or spacecraft, multiple independent and redundant bus systems may be employed to transfer power between various electrical power sources and electrical loads. Some of these same bus systems may also be employed to transmit data between various locations in the vehicle. In some instances, these multiple buses may not have a common ground. For instance, a bus that may receive power from a battery may be grounded separately from a bus that may receive power from a generator. This separate grounding may be useful to avoid undesirable effects of noise or leakage-to-ground conditions in the generator-driven bus from adversely effecting the battery-driven bus.
In a vehicle with numerous independent and redundant buses there may be a continuing need to determine the status and quality of power and data transmission on each bus. Typically, for each independent bus, a dedicated status and quality measuring device may be required. Multiple, dedicated, status and quality measuring devices may contribute to increased cost, weight and space consumption in an aerospace vehicle.
As can be seen, there is a need for a single system that may determine status and quality of multiple, independently grounded, buses in a vehicle without being dedicated to any one of the buses.

Mixed signal conversion, isolation, and transmission for aerospace multi-channel data and power interface systems


A process and structure for depositing metal lines in a lift-off process is disclosed. The process comprises the deposition of a four-layer structure or lift-off stencil, comprising a first layer of a lift-off polymer etchable in oxygen plasma, a first barrier layer of hexamethyldisilizane (HMDS) resistant to an oxygen plasma, a second lift-off layer and a second barrier layer. Once these layers are deposited, a layer of photoresist is deposited and lithographically defined with the metal conductor pattern desired. The layers are then sequentially etched with oxygen and CF.sub.4, resulting in a dual overhang lift-off structure. Metal is then deposited by evaporation or sputtering through the lift-off structure. Following metal deposition, the stencil is lifted-off in a solvent such as N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP).

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a method and structure for depositing metal conductors on a substrate. In particular, a dual overhang, collimated metal process for depositing metal lines on a semiconductor chip is described.
2. Background Art
Current Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuits and Ultra Large Scale Integrated (ULSI) circuits require the deposition of metal interconnection lines less than one micron in width. Metal lift-off processes have been widely used for depositing narrow metal conductors in the prior art. The basic "lift-off" method is described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,559,389. Improvements to the basic lift-off method have been made, as for example in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,849,136; 3,873,861 and 4,519,872.
The central concept of the lift-off method involves the deposition of a non-radiation sensitive lift-off layer, followed by the deposition of a thin-film of an inorganic material as a barrier layer. The desired metallurgy pattern is formed in a top resist layer using conventional lithographic techniques and etched into the barrier layer. The barrier layer functions as an etch barrier during subsequent reactive ion etching to form openings through the lift-off layer, extending to the substrate. Metal is then deposited, by sputtering or evaporation, for example. Following the metal deposition, immersion in a solvent dissolves or releases the base lift-off film, thereby leaving the metal conductors deposited in the windows.
One of the problems with this method is that commercial metal deposition tools do not allow the metal atoms to be deposited exclusively from a vertical direction. Metal ions that are sputtered or evaporated enter the lift-off stencil openings at various angles to the normal. This often results in undesired metal deposited along the inner walls of the lift-off structure, a problem known as "footing". While some footing is tolerable for line widths greater than one micron, it can lead to difficult lift-off and electrical shorts in the integrated circuit for line widths less than one micron.

International Business Machines Corporation


Embodiments of the present invention provide a computer-implemented method for cognitive collation configuration processing of multilingual data. The method includes parsing a multilingual input text into a plurality of collation items. The method includes detecting a language of each collation item of the plurality of collation items. The method includes storing each collation item, of the plurality of collation items, into a corresponding sub language buffer of a plurality of sub language buffers. The method includes performing a first sort operation on the plurality of sub language buffers, in which the first sort operation includes sorting the plurality of sub language buffers based on a set of collation settings, in which the set of collation settings includes a language selection list. The method includes merging the content of the sorted plurality of sub language buffers to form a sorted output comprising the plurality of collation items.

The present invention generally relates to multilingual data governance and management of text, and more specifically, to cognitive collation configuration for enhancing multilingual data governance and management.
Data governance generally refers to a process performed by data management systems to ensure that data meets certain precise standards as the data is imported into the system. Some platforms have been developed to provide a unified governance and integration approach for managing data processing rules and policies. Data collation is often one of the key features of data governance and management.
Modern operating systems such as Linux, UNIX, iOS, and Android rely on processing and sorting of multilingual data. The use of multilingual data in technology is ever expanding. For example, a UNIX system log may contain text information written in 100 languages/scripts. An email server may need display and sort email subjects with different languages and/or scripts. Similarly, a cloud storage folder may contain thousands of named files which are written in multiple languages. In UNIX, for instance, the operating system utilizes a sort via a standard command line program to collate an input item list in a certain order defined by a current locale. Presently, no systems or tools exist that can sort multilingual data according to the separated language and locale collation rules.

Cognitive collation configuration for enhancing multilingual data governance and management

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION


A mount is provided for an electric motor of the type having a stationary shaft. The mount comprises a yoke with two opposed bushings and a clamp for holding the stationary shaft, wherein the clamp is mounted to the bushings within the yoke. Thus, the mounting block damps vibrations of the motor in all directions while maintaining torsion stability.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to improvements in an electric motor; and more particularly, to a mounting block for an electric motor having an external rotor.
2. Description of the Related Art
Electric motors are commonly used in many different commercial and residential applications. An electric motor typically comprises a rotor and a stator, each of the rotor and stator having multiple magnets disposed about the periphery. The poles of the magnets on the rotor and the poles of the magnets on the stator are controlled such that the poles of the rotor are drawn to or repulsed from a corresponding pole on the stator to effect the rotation of the rotor relative to the stator. The control of the poles is normally accomplished by at least one of the series of magnets on either the rotor or stator being made from an electromagnetic winding whose polarity can be altered by changing the direction of current passing through the winding.
In most electric motors, the stator is part of or forms the external housing of the electric motor and the rotor comprises a shaft mounted within the stator for relative rotation therein. However, in some applications, it is desirable for the rotor to be on the outside of the motor and the stator to be on the inside. This arrangement is sometimes called a squirrel cage motor. Most often, they are driven with brushless commutators and DC power, so they are also often called brushless DC motors (BLDC""s). An electric motor having an external rotor is typically used to drive belts and the like while being positioned within the interior of the belt. A suitable application for such a configuration would be a materials handling environment or a treadmill.
Several problems are attendant to squirrel cage motors in materials handling applications. One difficulty associated with electric motors with external rotors is that power output is normally capped so that only short material handling runs can be driven by a single motor and only relatively light weight articles can be propelled by the motor. Greater output power from an electric motor is typically achieved by increasing the size of the components. But for a squirrel cage motor, increased size is impractical. A larger diameter stator is undesirable because of added weight and the balance condition of the rotor. A longer length of the stator can result in deflection of the shaft mounting the stator in response to the magnetic attraction between the rotor and the stator causing the rotor and stator to contact, reducing the motor""s performance or, in extreme cases, prohibiting motor rotation altogether.
Another difficulty is cooling the motor, especially at higher speeds or torques. At light loads or low speeds, cooling is not a problem, but with demands for such motors having more power output and higher speeds, the need for transferring heat away from the rotating parts becomes apparent. Most small squirrel cage motors in material handling applications are cooled by internal oil, which creates seal problems.
Other problems with such motors include noise, assembly, and accurately controlling commutation for smooth operation at low speeds and changes in speeds under torque. With higher torque output, especially at higher speeds, vibrations and consequent noise can become unacceptable. Moreover, it is known to determine the position of the rotor relative to the stator by means of a Hall effect sensor. But it has been found that the accuracy of this method for controlling fine changes in speed or torque is unacceptable. Yet further, the length of such motors is limited by their structures. For applications where wider belts are needed, e.g., treadmills, such a motor cannot effectively be a drive roller because it is not long enough.
The problems attendant to noise and vibration are solved at least in part by the present invention of improvements to an electric motor of the type comprising an internal stator, including a shaft fixedly mounted to a structural support, and an external rotor rotatably mounted to the shaft. The shaft is mounted to the structural support through at least one mounting block. The mounting block has a yoke with two opposing bushings and a clamp carrying the shaft. The clamp is mounted to the bushings whereby the mounting block damps vibrations of the motor in all directions while maintaining torsion stability.
Preferably, a portion of the shaft is keyed and the clamp comprises upper and lower connection plates shaped to receive the keyed shaft portion. Each of the upper and lower connection plates has a recess complementary in shape to the bushing and sized to co-act with each other to clamp the bushing between them. Each recess is located eccentrically relative to a longitudinal axis of the connection plate. Preferably, each recess is semi-cylindrical. The clamp has a flush side and a projecting side, each of which can be selected to be adjacent to the external rotor by reversing its mounting to the bushings.
In another aspect of the invention, a mount is provided for an electric motor of the type having a stationary shaft. The mount comprises a yoke with two opposed bushings and a clamp for holding the stationary shaft, wherein the clamp is mounted to the bushings within the yoke. Thus, the mounting block damps vibrations of the motor in all directions while maintaining torsion stability.
Preferably, the clamp comprises upper and lower connection plates sized and shaped to clamp securely to the shaft. Each of the upper and lower connection plates has a recess complementary in shape to the bushing and sized to co act with each other to clamp the bushing between them. Preferably each recess is semi-cylindrical. Each recess is located eccentrically relative to a longitudinal axis of the connection plate and a longitudinal axis of each recess in a connection plate is offset in the same direction from the longitudinal axis of the connection plate. The clamp has a flush side and a projecting side, each of which can be selected to be adjacent to the electric motor by reversing its mounting to the bushings.

Mounting block for electric motor with external rotor


A testing pluggable module includes a pluggable body extending between a front end and a mating end defining a mating interface with a communication connector of a receptacle assembly. The mating end is receivable in a module cavity of the receptacle assembly to mate with the communication connector. The pluggable body has an exterior forward of the mating end. The testing pluggable module includes an internal circuit board held in the pluggable body having a testing circuit operating at least one testing function. The testing pluggable module includes a user interface on the exterior of the pluggable body. The user interface has an input configured to operably control the at least one testing function of the testing circuit.

The subject matter herein relates generally to testing pluggable modules.
At least some known communication systems include receptacle assemblies, such as input/output (I/O) connector assemblies, that are configured to receive a pluggable module and establish a communicative connection between the pluggable module and an electrical communication connector of the receptacle assembly. As one example, a known receptacle assembly includes a cage member that is mounted to a circuit board and configured to receive a small form-factor pluggable (SFP) transceiver in an elongated cavity of the cage member. The pluggable module and the electrical connector have respective electrical contacts that engage one another to establish a communicative connection.
Specialty modules are used for testing purposes of the various components of the communication system. For example, testing modules may be used for diagnostic testing of the communication connector of the host system. The testing modules may be used for thermal testing of the cage member or for thermal testing of aspects of the pluggable module. Cage designers, pluggable module designers and system builders have a need for the testing modules. The testing modules are designed to be compatible with standard receptacle assemblies. For examples, the testing modules have similar form factors to the I/O modules. However, conventional testing processes may be rather complicated. For example, the testing is typically performed by a user accessing the host system using a separate testing device, such as linking a computer to the host system and running tests through the host system. Control of the testing module is performed through the host system with external circuitry or componentry. Data is received by the user through the host system. The testing is thus complicated and time consuming.
Accordingly, there is a need for an improved testing module that simplifies testing of components in a communication system.


An imaging apparatus includes: a device control unit that performs a driving in which a first captured image signal during a first exposure period and a second captured image signal during each of second exposure periods are read by sequentially exposing second photoelectric conversion elements for the second exposure periods while exposing first photoelectric conversion elements for the first exposure period, and an image processing unit that performs a processing in which a captured image signal with a dynamic range is generated by using the first captured image signal and at least one of the second captured image signals, and the processing includes plural types of processings where numbers of the second captured image signals to be used are different.

CCD (Charge Coupled Device) type solid state imaging devices or MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductor) type solid state imaging devices are distributed as solid state imaging devices for imaging a subject. A dynamic range of the solid state imaging devices for an incident light is being gradually enhanced by the improvement of semiconductor technologies. However, it is not so uncommon that an incident light exceeding a preset dynamic range is generated in a situation where a solid state imaging device is actually utilized. Therefore, a technology for extending a dynamic range is being actively investigated.
For example, Patent Literature 1 discloses an imaging apparatus that includes a pixel that performs long-term exposure and a pixel that starts short-term exposure during a period where the long-term exposure is being performed, and combines an image obtained with the long-term exposure and an image obtained with the short-term exposure to extend a dynamic range.
Further, Patent Literature 2 discloses an imaging apparatus provided with a solid state imaging device in which pixels that perform long-term exposure and pixels that perform short-term exposure multiple times and conduct outputting each time the short-term exposure is performed. The pixels are arranged in a grid pattern. The imaging apparatus averages a plurality of images obtained with the short-term exposure to correct camera shake and combines an image after averaging and an image obtained with the long-term exposure to extend a dynamic range.
Patent Literature 3 discloses a technique in which exposures are performed multiple times with a pixel that performs short-term exposure during exposure in a pixel that performs long-term exposure using a solid state imaging device provided with the pixel that performs long-term exposure and the pixel that perform short-term exposure to aim to extend the dynamic range.


A dispensing system comprises a first electronic sensor and a controller. The first electronic sensor may be configured to detect a first change from a first amount of a fluid product in a dispensing system reservoir to a second amount of the fluid product in the dispensing system reservoir. The controller may be coupled to the first electronic sensor and configured to receive a first signal from the first electronic sensor indicative of the first change. The dispensing system reservoir may be disposed in the dispensing system. A method for determining a remaining service interval for a dispensing system reservoir is also provided.

A dispensing system may store and selectively dispense a fluid product (e.g., soap, hand sanitizer, cleaners, disinfectants, moisturizers etc.). As such, dispensing systems are commonly used in a number of different environments to improve sanitation and cleanliness, for example. Dispensing systems may be used, for example, in schools, hospitals, factories, restaurants, airports, banks, grocery stores, etc., whereupon a user of the dispensing system may clean his/her hands, clean an area within one of these environments, and/or the like.

Dispensing system with material level detector


A process for calculating a meshed description of a realization of an oil-bearing reservoir takes as its starting point a reference realization of the reservoir with a plurality of stratigraphic surfaces, a meshed reference description for the reference realization comprising a plurality of planes some of which describe the stratigraphic surfaces, each plane comprising a plurality of points, at least two stratigraphic surfaces of the realization corresponding to two stratigraphic surfaces of the reference realization. A plane of the meshed description representing one of the two stratigraphic surfaces of the realization is obtained by applying displacements to the points of the planes of the reference description, making it possible to pass from the reference stratigraphic surface to the stratigraphic surface in the realization. The other planes of the description are obtained thereafter by interpolation. The process makes it possible to preserve homology both of structure and of representation between the various realizations. It avoids the need to recalculate ex nihilo a meshed description of the reference.

It is known, in particular in oil exploration, to determine the position of oil-bearing reservoirs on the basis of the results of geophysical measurements made from the surface or in drilling wells. These measurements typically involve sending a wave into the subsoil and measuring the various reflections of the wave off the sought-after geological structures—surfaces separating distinct materials, faults, etc. (technique of reflection seismic surveying). Other measurements are made from wells. Acoustic waves, gamma radiations or electrical signals are then sent into the subsoil. These techniques involve the processing of the measurements so as to reconstruct a model of the subsoil. The processing of the measurements is affected by uncertainties of various kinds. For reflection seismic surveying:
A first uncertainty is the uncertainty of picking. In geophysical measurements, picking refers to the tracking over the images or over the successive seismic sections provided by processing of the measurements of a seismic marker, for example a geological horizon, to define a surface. It is possible for the operator to confuse neighbouring markers or else to associate markers that are not part of one and the same surface. The picking uncertainty may be from a few meters to a few tens of meters; the value of a few meters corresponds more or less to the resolution, i.e. to the width of the pulses of the signals emitted into the subsoil; the value of a few tens of meters corresponds to a seismic marker positioning error.
Another uncertainty is the uncertainty regarding the velocity field in the subsoil. The depth-wise rendering of the seismic measurements performed in the time domain (this depth-wise rendering makes it possible to pass from a temporal representation to a spatial representation); the temporal representation is that provided by the measurement instruments—which typically measure the reflections of the wave emitted. The spatial representation is obtained on the basis of hypotheses regarding the velocity field in the subsoil. It assumes in fact hypotheses regarding the nature of the materials traversed and regarding the speed of propagation of the wave in these materials. Now, a velocity field hypotheses is affected by an uncertainty. This uncertainty regarding the velocity field may lead to positional uncertainties of the order of 50 meters.
Another uncertainty is the uncertainty due to migration. In this field, "migration" refers to the operation which makes it possible to correctly reposition the events in space. The uncertainty regarding migration is dependent on the geological context; it may be almost zero for tabular or quasi-tabular structures and reach hundreds of meters for complex structures, such as salt domes with vertical or quasi-vertical walls.
The presence of particular structures—faults for example—attenuating the reflection or causing diffractions of the emitted wave causes other uncertainties also.
By virtue of the measurements performed in wells it is possible to chart the limits of geological structures. The information thus obtained is also tainted by uncertainties; these uncertainties originate essentially from the measurements of position of the well.
Uncertainties of registration are due to the transferring of the limits of geological structures measured in the well to any seismic section intersecting the well; they originate in essence from resolution problems.
French Patent Application No. 2 797 329 describes a method of devising impact position probability maps for a well. This document contains a discussion of the uncertainties related to time and depth migrations and corresponding positional errors.
In view of these uncertainties, the processing of geophysical measurements may lead to the proposing of several realizations of the structures of the subsoil. For reservoirs—which are the structures sought by oil exploration—surfaces are proposed that are representative of the top of the reservoir, of the bottom of the reservoir and of interfaces between intermediate layers. A realization then consists of a possible set of surfaces representing the reservoir, corresponding to a set of hypotheses. Typically, in oil exploration, up to 300 realizations are provided, corresponding to the various possible hypotheses. By way of indication, the provision of a realization (so-called reference realization) on the basis of the results of geophysical measurements is an operation which, even with the assistance of a software tool, corresponds to considerable work, of possibly as much as 1 month/man for a practised specialist; when the seismic survey has been interpreted, the construction of a surface description of a reservoir may take a week or more. The collecting of the uncertainties also represents a week, their integration into a piece of software a day and the calculation of the realizations a few hours. Over a global area of 20 km2, a surface may be represented by triangles of side 100 m, hence a few thousand points per surface. A realization may involve 1 to 5 intermediate surfaces in addition to the surfaces of the top and of the bottom of the reservoir.
French Patent Application No. 2 652 180 describes a process for modelling surfaces. It suggests the use of a meshed computerized description of the surfaces. With some of the nodes of the meshed surface are associated constraints—representative for example of the known position of certain nodes or of a given uncertainty regarding the position of certain nodes. The computerized description of the surface is thereafter adapted to the constraints, using a method referred to as "Discrete Smooth Interpolation" (DSI).
Moreover, to represent the petrophysical properties of a reservoir, use is made of a grid or meshed volume model, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,821,164. The process described in this publication comprises steps of constructing a separate plane for each of the critical surfaces bounding the volume and of constructing layers of cells as a function of the stratigraphic structure. The meshed volume model thus comprises a number of planes greater than the number of critical surfaces. The implementation of a volume model such as this also involves appreciable work. A volume model may exhibit from 200,000 to a million points, over some thirty successive planes. The provision of a grid may represent from 1 to 2 months/man of work.
European Patent Application No. 0801364 (corresponding to U.S. Pat. No. 5,844,564) discloses a method for generating a three-dimensional meshed model of a geological structure. This method involves modelling the surfaces of the geological structure. Following this, the region of interest is split up after which each one of the macroblocks resulting from the splitting-up operation is meshed. The meshing involves interpolation and an iterative process of meshing relaxation for adaptation to the surfaces. This document, like U.S. Pat. No. 4,821,164 provides three-dimensional meshing of a given structure.

Process for calculating meshed realizations of a reservoir


The present invention relates to a method of forming a source contact of a flash memory device. According to the present invention, the method includes the steps of forming a first interlayer insulating film on a semiconductor substrate in which first junction regions and second junction regions both of which are formed in a cell transistor of a cell region, a gate electrode patter for SSL of the cell region, a gate electrode pattern for DSL of the cell region, and a gate electrode pattern for peripheral circuits of a peripheral region, patterning the first interlayer insulating film to form a source contact hole through which the first and second junction regions are exposed on one sides of the gate electrode pattern of SSL, forming a film having a tungsten silicide film on the entire surface in which the source contact hole is formed, and performing a polishing process until the first interlayer insulating film is exposed to bury only the source contact hole with the film having the tungsten silicide film, thereby forming a source contact.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, and more specifically, to a method of forming a source contact of a flash memory device.
2. Discussion of Related Art
Generally, in manufacturing a semiconductor device, a polysilicon film or a tungsten film is used to form a source contact of a flash memory device.
If the polysilicon film is used in the source contact, burial characteristics are good. If a thermal treatment process is used, however, there are problems in that a process time lengthens, and a metal line and contact resistance become high.
Meanwhile, if the tungsten film is used in the source contact, the metal line and contact resistance are better than those when the polysilicon film is used. However, the tungsten film is easily oxidized at a temperature of about 400° C., a silicide film is formed at a temperature of about 600° C., and adhesive force is poor in an oxide film or a nitride film. This requires a deposition process of a junction layer to be added.
In the case where a titanium film is used as the junction layer, there is a problem in that a process of forming metallic anti-diffusion films has to be added in order to prevent a combination of the titanium film having high reactivity with a reaction gas of tungsten.

Method of forming source contact of flash memory device