A method of impact crushing of material includes the following steps: the material is fed to a rotor crushing the material and forwarding pieces of the material towards secondary crushing rotors. Small material pieces are hit by the first secondary crushing rotor and large material pieces are impacted by the second secondary crushing rotor. Impact surfaces of the secondary crushing rotors are substantially normal to the movement directions of the pieces during the impacts. A time interval between the impacts made by the secondary crushing rotors is defined with use of the expression Δt=(0.7 . . . 1.3)(R1/V1−R2/V2), where R1 and R2 are distances from a place of forwarding the pieces by the rotor to the places, where the first and second secondary crushing rotors impact the pieces, correspondingly, V1 and V2 are average velocities of the pieces forwarded towards the first and second secondary crushing rotors, correspondingly.

The applied method is a result of development and enhancement of the method of impact crushing of the U.S. Pat. No. 5,328,103 which we call a method of active impact crushing. FIG. 1 shows the motion of mineral pieces a) while coming along a feed track and into a zone of rotor rotation and b) during the scattering of the pieces after an initial impact.
The U.S. Pat. No. 5,328,103 discloses the method, when the mineral pieces of different sizes come along the feed track into the zone of the rotor rotation. It was assumed that the size of a piece coming into contact with the rotor does not matter and velocity vectors of the pieces thrown off towards rotatable secondary crushing rotors depend only on the amount of their travel along the impact surface of the rotor.
The described method is implemented by impact crushers of different power and output, which are disclosed in the U.S. Pat. No. 5,328,103 as well, and is used in real industrial operating conditions in the processing of ore and non-metallic mineral. In such an impact crusher secondary crushing rotors (rotors of the secondary crushing) are rotatable synchronously with the rotor (the initial crushing rotor) and have concavo-concave impact active reflecting surfaces, wherein their masses increase from the centers of the rotor rotation along the general symmetry axes, and the radiuses of the active reflecting surfaces are equal to the distance from the point of crossing of the feeding track plane and the circumference of the initial crushing rotor to the common active reflecting surface of the secondary crushing rotors. In this crusher the initial crushing rotor operates as a forwarding rotor, which forms the portions of the material to be crushed, partially crushing the pieces of the material to be crushed and forwards them towards the secondary crushing rotors (reflecting elements), which crush the arriving material to particles of a certain size depending on the set modes by use of the method using the active impact and therefore they are called the rotors of active impact. Additionally, a principle of counter and high-speed dynamic interaction of impact elements and material to be crushed is carried out.
The crushers using the active impact have high efficiency of crushing and grinding of mineral and can avoid multistage and multiprocess ore pretreatment. Despite the advantages, the method has shortcomings. During the use of the crushers it was seen that the crushing efficiency is limited, processing time is increased and regrinding of the crushed product occurs, which leads to unnecessary energy consumption.
It is known in the ore mining that the ore regrinding leads to significant losses of useful components during the enrichment process. The production of the regrinded material with the size of particles less than 2 to 4 millimeters is extremely undesirable in the construction material industry, especially in highway engineering, because such material is not used and this leads to adverse economic and ecological side effects. This is typical, for example, for jet mills, devices using the method of "the step crushing".

Method of active impact crushing of minerals

Abstract: An impact crusher is disclosed as well.


A method, an apparatus, and a platform for sharing a wireless local area network, so as to resolve a problem of low system security that exists in a process of currently implementing wireless local area network sharing. In the embodiments of the present invention, a wireless local area network sharing platform receives a wireless local area network sharing message generated by a first terminal based on locally saved wireless local area network sharing information and generates, according to the sharing information, identifier information corresponding to a wireless local area network sharing page; a second terminal accesses a wireless local area network according to the identifier information.

With rapid development of mobile terminals such as a smartphone and a tablet computer, implementing a data service by using a wireless network has become an important information transmission manner. In the wireless network, a wireless local area network (WLAN) is a network that works at an unlicensed frequency band of 2.4 GHz/5.8 GHz. The wireless local area network bears increasing wireless data traffic because of its advantages such as high mobility, a low cost, and a high construction speed.
Currently, each terminal to which the WLAN is applied can share bandwidth to access an access point (AP). To ensure security of each terminal that accesses the WLAN and ensure that bandwidth of the WLAN is not occupied by an unauthorized user, a corresponding password generally needs to be set on the AP in the WLAN. When accessing the WLAN by using the terminal, a user enters the foregoing password on the terminal, so as to ensure that AP authentication succeeds.
As can be seen, currently, when WLAN sharing is performed, each user that requests to share the WLAN needs to be notified of a WLAN service set identifier (SSID) and a WLAN password; each user that requests to share the WLAN enters the foregoing WLAN SSID and WLAN password on the terminal, and after the AP authentication succeeds, the terminal may access the WLAN. For example, for Wi-Fi that is commonly applied at home or in an office place, the user needs to learn an SSID of a wireless router corresponding to the Wi-Fi. After searching for and finding the WLAN SSID of the wireless router, the terminal may be connected to the wireless router; after a password of the wireless router is entered on the terminal, the terminal can be connected to wireless router, and then connected to the network by using the wireless router. In the foregoing technical solution, all users that share the WLAN need to learn the WLAN SSID and the WLAN password, which causes a problem of low security during the WLAN sharing.
In conclusion, a problem of low system security exists in a process of currently implementing WLAN sharing.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Method, apparatus, and platform for sharing wireless local area network


In a drive unit for use with a matrix type display, a buffer circuit of the power supply circuit of the drive unit has an high-voltage first output circuit and a low-voltage second output circuit for generating the same output voltage under a normal operating condition, wherein the high-voltage output circuit has enhanced capability of providing output current to bring up the output voltage and the low-voltage output circuit has enhanced capability of providing output current to bring down the output voltage. A voltage detected at a node connected to the output end of the buffer circuit is compared with a bias voltage. Based on the comparison, the outputs of the first and second output circuits are switched over from one to the other as it is supplied to the display.

Matrix type LCDs having multiple rows of striping electrodes (referred to as scanning electrodes or common electrodes) and multiple columns of electrodes (referred to signaling electrodes or segment electrodes) arranged perpendicular to the scanning electrodes have been widely used as means for displaying information in dot presentation.
A picture is displayed on such an LCD display by applying a scanning voltage to the respective scanning electrodes in turn and simultaneously applying a signaling voltage to the multiple signaling electrodes. Liquid crystal elements (LCES) are formed at the intersections of the scanning electrodes and the signaling electrodes one for each intersection.
Each of the LCEs is controlled to have a specific transparency determined by an applied effective voltage for a predetermined period of time (one frame period) required to scan all the scanning electrodes once. This scanning provides a desired picture on the display for each frame period.
Referring to FIG. 8, there is shown a circuit arrangement of a conventional display drive for an LCD. The display drive generates first through sixth output voltages V0, V1, V2, V3, V4, and V5, respectively, to be supplied to the LCD. It should be understood that voltages represent potentials with respect to the ground potential unless otherwise stated. The LCD includes a display panel, a scanning drive circuit for sequentially scanning the scanning electrodes, and a signaling drive circuit for applying a signal voltage to the respective signaling electrodes in synchronism with the scanning.
A step-up circuit CHP comprises of a charge pump circuit, which is adapted to receive a supply voltage Vcc from a battery and a clock signal clk and step up the voltage Vcc to a step-up supply voltage Vdd.
The supply voltage Vdd is supplied to a voltage amplifier A1 together with a reference voltage Vref to obtain a first bias voltage V0r by amplifying the reference voltage Vref by a predetermined factor. The first bias voltage V0r is then divided by resistors R0-R4 to obtain second through fifth bias voltages V1r-V4r, respectively.
The first through the fifth bias voltages V0r-V4r are respectively input to a first through a fifth buffer circuits B0-B4 operating at the supply voltage Vdd, each of which outputs the same voltage V0-V4 as the respective input voltage V0r-V4r. The sixth voltage V5 has the ground potential.
Of these output voltages V0-V5, the first, second, fifth, and sixth output voltages V0, V1, V4, and V5 are supplied to the scanning drive circuit of the LCD. The first, third, fourth, and sixth output voltages V0, V2, V3, and V5 are supplied to the signaling drive circuit. These output voltages are selected and used in synchronism with an alternation signal FR of the LCD. In what follows the alternation signal FR will be described for one frame period.
FIG. 9 illustrates typical waveforms of drive voltages applied to a particular set of scanning electrode COMj and signaling electrode SEGk of an LCD having n scanning electrodes and m signaling electrodes.
In odd numbered frames (for which FR being high (H)), scanning electrodes COM1-COMn are scanned to sequentially select one scanning electrode, COMj say, at a time. The selected scanning electrode COMMj is supplied with the first output voltage V0. The rest of the scanning electrodes COM1-COMn (excluding COMj) are supplied with the fifth output voltage V4. On the other hand, the signaling electrodes SEG1-SEGm are supplied with either the fourth voltage V3 or the sixth voltage V5 in accord with the display signal associated with the selected scanning electrode selected.
Similarly, in the even numbered frames (for which FR being low (L)), the scanning electrodes COM1-COMn are scanned to sequentially select one scanning electrode at a time. The selected electrode COMj, say, is supplied with the sixth voltage V5. The rest of the scanning electrodes COM1-COMn excluding COMj are supplied with the second output voltage V1. On the other hand, signaling electrodes SEG1-SEGm are supplied with either the first output voltage V0 or the third output voltage V2 in accord with the display signal associated with the selected scanning electrode selected.
In this way, under the alternation control of the display elements, a picture defined by the display signal is displayed on the LCD.
Each of the display elements of the LCD functions as a capacitive element. As a consequence, when the voltage of a signaling electrode changes, the voltage of the scanning electrode associated with the signaling electrode varies, exhibiting a noise voltage. This voltage variation causes crosstalks, resulting in degradation of the quality of the displayable picture displayed.
As a measure against such voltage variations, a power supply unit for use with an LCD drive is disclosed in a reference WO00/41028 (Reference 1). This unit comprises: two voltage-follower type differential amplifiers each receiving a pair of a first and a second voltages NV and PV, respectively; an N-type transistor output circuit driven by one of the two differential amplifiers; and a P-type transistor output circuit driven by the other one of the differential amplifiers.
This power supply unit is also provided with separate charging and discharging operational amplifiers for driving liquid crystal display elements. JPA H9-292596 (Reference 2) and JPA H9-203885 (Reference 3) disclose a power supply circuit for use in an LCD drive adapted to switch between two operational amplifiers at the timing of charging and discharging by means of a switching circuit and a timing circuit generating a timing pulse for the switching.
However, in the power supply unit of reference 1 the pair of voltages NV and PV to be supplied to the two differential amplifiers have different magnitudes, that is, there is an offset between them, so that the power supply unit has a dead band in which both of the differential amplifiers become inoperable. It is noted that the voltage at the output node of the output circuit is detected. Hence, the voltage variation (or noise) that has taken place on the display electrode is greatly damped by a selector (voltage selection switch) of the drive circuit before it is detected at the output node of the output circuit. For this reason, the voltage variation (noise) on the display electrode cannot be detected accurately.
In the output circuits of references 2 and 3, charging and discharging operational amplifiers are switched by a timing signal. Thus, additional circuit means for generating the timing signal is necessary. Further, these drive units cannot control the switching to suppress the voltage variation.
It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide a display drive unit suitable for driving, for example, a matrix type LCD, the drive unit adapted to detect the voltage near the display panel and including a first output circuit having enhanced capability of providing output current to bring up its output voltage and a second output circuit having enhanced capability of providing output current to bring down its output voltage and capable of switching between the two output circuits without any dead band, thereby reducing crosstalks in, and hence improving the picture quality of, the display panel.

Display device driving apparatus and display device using the same


A video searching method includes: providing a database for storing the data of a video, wherein the data of the video includes the colors of at least a key frame; providing a searching interface for an user uploading a key picture; providing a recording unit for recording the colors of the key picture; providing a performing unit for comparing the colors of the key frame and the key picture to judge whether a similar color exists; the performing unit computing the value of the colors if there exists a similar color; the performing unit sifting the video by comparing a threshold value and the value of the colors; and the performing unit sorting the video by the value of the colors to obtain a result list. By comparing the value of the colors between the key picture and the key frame, the result list is simply and quickly obtained.

(1) Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a method for searching multimedia, and especially relates to a method for searching videos by a key picture.
(2) Description of the Prior Art
With quick development of technology, many kinds of network searching engines have emerged. As network bandwidth increases, a lot of video sharing or searching platforms appear, such as YouTube®, which help users search and watch videos more conveniently.
However, in existing technology, searching engines usually use names or key words as searching cues, completely depending on words of the video. It is inconvenient for users because if users do not know the words, they are not able to search. If a picture is used for searching, we need to use complex calculations to compare the picture with each frame of the video, which definitely consumes lots of execution time. Previous technology also introduces a searching method using key frames, but it still requires complex calculations. Thus, existing searching engines cannot quickly search the desired video based on pictures.
Therefore, how to provide a simple video searching method and reduce searching time is a problem to be solved in the field.

National Taiwan University of Science and Technology


A phase lock loop comprises a voltage controlled oscillator, a phase detector and a loop filter comprising a charge pump and a filter network. The voltage controlled oscillator generates an output signal having a frequency which is responsive to a control voltage. The phase detector is responsive to the output signal and to a reference signal to generate a control signal indicative of a phase difference of the output signal and the reference signal. The charge pump is responsive to the control signal and to the control voltage to apply a charge indicative of both the phase difference and the control voltage to the filter network to develop the control voltage. Because the charge supplied by the charge pump depends on the control voltage as well as the phase difference of the output signal and the reference signal, the rate of adjustment of the output signal frequency depends on the present output signal frequency. Consequently, there is a normalization of performance with respect to operating frequency which provides more stable and predictable performance characteristics over a given range of operating frequencies.

A known phase lock loop (PLL) configuration comprises a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), a phase detector and a loop filter comprising a charge pump and a filter network. The phase detector is responsive to an output signal of the VCO and to a reference signal to generate a control signal which is indicative of a phase difference of the output signal and the reference signal. The charge pump is responsive to the control signal to apply a charge indicative of the phase difference to the filter network, thereby developing a control voltage across the filter network. The control voltage is applied to the VCO to control the frequency of the VCO output signal.
An example of this phase lock loop configuration is disclosed in Jeong et al, IEEE Journal of Solid State circuits, Vol. SC-22, No. 2, April 1987, pp. 255-261.
Unfortunately, the performance of such phase lock loops can vary significantly over a range of operating frequencies or in response to different operating conditions. Moreover, when such phase lock loops are implemented in integrated circuit form, their performance may vary significantly due to parameter changes resulting from slight variations in the manufacturing processes used to fabricate the integrated circuits.

Phase lock loops and methods for their operation


Provided are a magnetic memory element in which an improvement in properties, such as an improvement in coercive properties or a reduction in a leak current, can be attained, a method for producing the same, and a magnetic memory. The magnetic memory element, includes: a columnar stack ST in which a reference layer FX having a fixed magnetization direction, a barrier layer TL including a non-magnetic body, and a recording layer FR having a reversible magnetization direction are stacked in this order; and an insulating film which contains nitrogen and is provided to cover a lateral surface of the columnar stack, in which in one or both of the recording layer and the barrier layer, a nitrogen concentration is 7×1030 atoms/m2 or more in a position of 2 nm inside from an outer circumferential end of the columnar stack.

A magnetic random access memory (MRAM) using a magnetoresistive effect element as a storage element has been developed as a next-generation nonvolatile magnetic memory in which high speed properties and high rewrite tolerance can be obtained. The MRAM, for example, includes a magnetic memory cell having a structure in which a selection transistor and a magnetoresistive effect element are electrically connected in series.
The magnetoresistive effect element has a structure in which a barrier layer (a non-magnetic layer) is interposed between a reference layer (a fixed layer) and a recording layer (a free layer), which are two magnetic layers, and is also referred to as a tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) element having a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ). In the reference layer, a magnetization direction is fixed. In the recording layer, it is possible to reverse a magnetization direction by using spin transfer torque (STT) or the like.
A resistance value of the magnetoresistive effect element decreases in a case where the magnetization directions of the reference layer and the recording layer are in a parallel arrangement, and increases in a case where the magnetization directions are in an anti-parallel arrangement. Such two resistance states are assigned to bit information of "0" and "1", and thus, data can be recorded.
In Patent Literature 1, a magnetoresistive effect element and a magnetic memory, including a recording layer that performs perpendicular magnetic recording, are disclosed.
In Patent Literature 2, a magnetoresistive effect element and a magnetic memory are disclosed, and there is description relevant to an effective magnetic anisotropic constant per unit area.

Magnetic memory element, method for producing same, and magnetic memory


A single or double glazing panel is received in a groove in a wood sash frame. The glazing panel carries on it a bead of butyl sealant along the exterior face adjacent the peripheral edge while a bead of silicone adhesive is placed on the peripheral edge or in the bottom of the groove. Insertion of the panel into the groove causes the sealant to roll and flow along the exterior wall of the groove and along the exterior face of the glazing panel such that no cleanup after assembly is required. Adhesive is prevented from contacting viewable areas of the glazing thereby avoiding cleanup. Cladding may be placed over the exterior of the wood sash frame covering the sealant and space in which it is contained.

The window sash and method of construction disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,803,779 to Kuyper et al. is representative of the prior art to which this invention is an improvement. Previously a strip of tape would be placed over the groove and the glazing would then be inserted into the groove causing the tape to shape itself around the glazing on opposite sides. The tape would then need to be trimmed away with a blade as seen in FIGS. 13 and 14 of the present disclosure.
Other problems associated with using silicone in groove glazing includes handling. The silicone must have one to six hours to cure. Clean up is a problem since once silicone gets on the glass it is nearly impossible to remove it.

Window sash and method of constructing same


With the success of programming models such as OpenCL and CUDA, heterogeneous computing platforms are becoming mainstream. However, these heterogeneous systems are low-level, not composable, and their behavior is often implementation defined even for standardized programming models. In contrast, the method and system embodiments for the heterogeneous parallel primitives (HPP) programming model disclosed herein provide a flexible and composable programming platform that guarantees behavior even in the case of developing high-performance code.

With the success of programming models such as OpenCL and CUDA, heterogeneous computing platforms are becoming mainstream. However, these heterogeneous systems are low-level, not composable, and their behavior is often implementation defined even for standardized programming models.
Thus what is needed are system and method for a heterogeneous parallel primitives (HPP) programming model that provides a flexible and composable programming platform that guarantees behavior even in the case of developing high-performance code.

Heterogeneous parallel primitives programming model


A magnetic inertial force generator includes a magnetic shell internally defining an armature chamber. At least two circumferential electric coils are spaced longitudinally within the chamber and mounted on a cylindrical inner surface of the outer shell. An armature centered by springs is reciprocably supported in the chamber and includes at least two axially spaced radially magnetized permanent magnets mounted on a longitudinally extending magnetic steel tube. The magnets extend in general alignment with the coils. Controlled energizing of the coils reciprocates the armature axially relative to the shell to develop an opposite inertia force on the shell for application to a connected body. The use of multiple radially magnetized magnets provides for improved performance and/or reduced cost.

FIG. 1 illustrates a known form of magnetic inertial force generator 60, including a cylindrical housing 62 defining internally an armature chamber 64 containing an armature 66 reciprocable along a central axis 68. The housing 62 is formed with a cylindrical magnetic steel shell 70 closed by aluminum end caps 71, 72 and containing a pair of axially spaced electric coils 73, 74 mounted on the interior of the housing 62.
The armature 66 includes a permanent magnet 76 having axially spaced north N and south S poles at opposite ends on which a pair of magnetic steel end plates 78 are mounted. The end plates 78 extend laterally to outer ends 80, forming a periphery of the armature 66 in general alignment with the electric coils 73, 74. The permanent magnet 76 generates a magnetic flux field concentrated in the steel end plates 78 and extending radially through the coils 73, 74 into the steel shell 70. Upper and lower resilient springs 82,84 between the end plates 78 and the end caps 71, 72 of the housing 62 are configured for nominally centering the armature 66 between the end caps within the chamber 64.
In operation, an AC voltage of controllable frequency is applied to the electric coils 73, 74 so that an AC current flows in the coils. The interaction of the magnetic flux from the armature 66 and the current in the coils creates a force on the armature and an equal and opposite force on the coil. Because the coils 73, 74 are rigidly attached to the outer shell 70, no force is transmitted outside the inertial force generator from the coil. As the armature 66 moves upward, the upper spring 82 is compressed and the lower spring 84 is extended. If the armature moves downward, the reverse is true. As the springs 82, 84 are compressed and expanded, the force is transmitted to the end caps 71 and 72. Because the end caps are rigidly attached to the outer shell 70, no force is transmitted outside the inertial force generator from the springs.
As the armature 66 moves up and down, the armature undergoes a time-varying position, velocity, and acceleration. Because the moving armature has mass, a force is required to maintain the position of the inertial force generator 60. Without equal and opposite force, the shell 70, coils 73 and 74, and end caps 82 and 84 would move downward together as the armature 66 moved upward to keep the center of mass of the inertial force generator in the same position. As a result, the inertial force generator 60 is capable of exerting force on a connected body for any desired purpose. Such purposes may include for example, vibration testing of manufactured assemblies, and reduction or cancellation of vibrations by application of forces opposite to the forces stimulating the motion of the vibration.


A system and method are provided for controlling the own-voice experience of a user who talks while an earpiece is mounted to occlude an ear of the user. A vibration sensor is engaged with the user's head to sense vibrations formed by the user speaking and conducted by the user's head to the vibration sensor. A signal generator operates a speaker element, which is integrated with the earpiece, to generate sound waves in the ear canal of the user, based on the output signal of the vibration sensor. The signal generator generates the sound waves to at least partially cancel other sound waves that are generated by at least part of said vibrations entering the ear canal from surrounding bone and/or tissue. The system and method counteracts the occlusion effect and are applicable in connection with in-ear headsets, earphones, in-ear headphones, in-ear monitors, circumaural headphones, hearing aids, earplugs and earmuffs.

When an object fills or otherwise blocks the outer portion of a person's ear canal, the person perceives "hollow", "muffled" or "booming" sounds of its own voice. This phenomenon is known as the occlusion effect. It is caused by an altered balance between air-conducted and bone-conducted transmission to the human ear. When the ear canal is open, vibrations caused by talking or chewing normally escape through the open ear canal. When the ear canal is blocked, i.e. occluded, the vibrations are instead reflected back towards the eardrum. In fact, vibrations in cartilaginous tissue and bone around the ear canal may result in build-up of relatively high sound pressure levels at the eardrum. In acoustical terms, the occluded ear canal defines a small enclosed volume which has a large acoustic impedance. The acoustic impedance is the ratio of acoustic pressure to acoustic volume velocity. Thus, when the acoustic impedance is large, small changes in volume velocity in the ear canal will generate relatively large pressure variations at the eardrum. This means that an occlusion of the ear canal results in an increase of bone-conducted sound vibrations at the ear drum compared to a non-occluded ear. When the ear is not occluded, the acoustic impedance is instead dominated by the much smaller radiation impedance from the open ear canal to the surroundings. Compared to a completely open ear canal, the occlusion effect may boost low frequency (e.g. below 500 Hz) sound pressure in the ear canal by 20 dB or more.
It may be particularly desirable to counteract the occlusion effect in implements that may require the user to speak while wearing the implement, e.g. various ear- or head-mounted devices for use during telephone conversations, as well as hearing aids.
In the field of telephony, it is known to introduce an electric "sidetone path" in the telephone handset, by instantly feeding the signal from the microphone to the speaker in the earpiece of the handset. This technique will allow the talker to hear his own voice even if the ear is occluded by the earpiece. The provision of an electric sidetone path may restore the lost air-conducted path but does not completely address or counteract the occlusion effect, which generally results in an undesired and unpleasant distortion of the sound perceived by a person when talking, specifically by the balance between low, mid and high frequencies differing from the normal situation of a non-occluded ear.
A hearing aid generally defines an earpiece that occludes the outer end of the ear canal. The hearing aid includes a microphone arranged to pick up sound in the surroundings of the hearing aid, a speaker arranged to generate audible sound in the ear canal, and electronic circuitry configured to amplify and otherwise modify the signal produced by the microphone for supply to the speaker. Thus, the hearing aid also produces an electric sidetone path that allows the bearer to hear his own voice even if the ear is occluded by the hearing aid. For the bearer of a hearing aid, the occlusion effect may introduce an undesired and unpleasant distortion of the sound perceived by the bearer when talking.
The most common approach of dealing with the occlusion effect is to intentionally design the earpiece that occludes the ear with dedicated leaks to its surrounding. These intentional leaks may be implemented as one or more vents or through-holes in the earpiece, which are carefully designed to shunt a portion of low-frequency signals to the environment, removing all or part of the disturbing low-frequency own-voice elements. Examples of vent designs in the field of hearing aids are given the article "Occlusion effect of earmolds with different venting systems", by Kiessling et al, published in Journal of the American Academy of Audiology, 16, 237-249 (2005).
One disadvantage of this approach is that the vent provides an acoustic path for noise to leak into the ear from the environment. The vent may also reduce the bass sensitivity of the occluded ear.
It is a general desire to counteract or reduce the occlusion effect caused by implements that occlude one or both ears of a person. This applies not only to implements that are naturally used by the person while talking, such as telephone headsets and hearing aids, but also to other implements which may be used while talking and in which the amplification of bone-conducted sound by the occlusion effect is undesired and may interfere with the user experience, e.g. in ear- or head-mounted devices for audio (e.g. music) playback, and ear- or head-mounted devices for hearing protection.

Controlling own-voice experience of talker with occluded ear


A portable display system having a portable housing including a base for supporting the housing on a flat surface and including an electroluminescent display panel which is flexible and provided in a first extended orientation wherein the display panel is visible to a bystander and a second rolled orientation with the display panel returned into a housing interior. An elongated frame supports the display panel in the first extended orientation, with the frame including a first end which engages the housing and a second end that engages the display panel. A return mechanism, such as a spring return, is provided within the housing for retracting the display panel from the first extended orientation into the second retracted orientation.

Electroluminescent devices have provided illumination to a variety of products including display panels, board games, watch faces, and keyboards. Electroluminescent devices typically include a layer of phosphor-containing material disposed between two electrodes, at least one of the electrodes being light-transmissive.
Electroluminescent devices may be manufactured as discrete cells or as large panels, and may be formed on rigid or flexible substrates. Each component of the device may be formed as a separate layer, such as a foil sheet serving as an electrode, and a planar dielectric sheet, with the layers being laminated together via a heat and pressure process. Alternatively, the layers may be combined into overlapping coatings printed on a substrate, as is the case for a layer of light-transmissive conductive ink serving as a top electrode followed by a layer of phosphor ink in a dielectric matrix and then another conductive ink coating serving as a back electrode. Electroluminescent devices have found widespread uses, e.g. in signs, watch faces, and as back lighting for keyboards.
Electroluminescence technology has become increasingly important to enable homogeneous luminous surfaces free of shadow. Power consumption and structural thickness (of the order of magnitude of a millimeter or less) are desirably low. Typical uses include, apart from the background illumination of liquid crystal displays, the back-lighting of transparent films that are provided with lettering and/or image motifs. Thus, transparent electroluminescent arrangements, for example electroluminescent luminous boards based on glass or transparent plastics, which can serve for example as information carriers, advertising panels, or for decorative purposes, are known from the prior art.

Retractable electroluminescent display system


A transmission power control method that reduces the possibility of going out of synchronization is presented. In a reduced power mode, a target SIR is set equal to or higher than SIR_reduced where deemed appropriate, whereby frequent issues of Out-of-sync and the probability of generation of RL_Failure are suppressed. To raise a reception SIR to a value equal to or higher than SIR_reduced, the target SIR may be periodically set at SIR_temp that is a value equal to or higher than SIR_reduced. Alternatively, when brought in the reduced power mode, a mobile station itself may periodically set its transmission power such that a value equal to or higher than SIR_reduced can be achieved.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a wireless (or radio) communications system and, more particularly, to a transmission power control method and device in the wireless communications system.
2. Description of the Related Art
In a W-CDMA (Wide band-Code Division Multiple Access) system, which is a typical wireless communications system, HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access), which is a high-speed packet transmission system for downlink, and EUDCH (Enhanced Uplink Dedicated Channel), which is a high-speed packet transmission system for uplink, have been standardized. According to these packet transmission systems, a base station (Node B) carries out scheduling and, only when data transmission/reception is performed, allocates wireless resources to a plurality of mobile stations (VEs) according to time multiplexing or code multiplexing, resulting in the enhanced efficiency of use of the wireless resources. This W-CDMA system will be described briefly with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 schematically shows a mobile communications network as an example of the W-CDMA system. Here, a plurality of base stations 11 and 12 are connected to a base station controller 10, and the base station controller 10 can be further connected to an external network (not shown). Each of the plurality of base stations can accommodate a plurality of mobile stations. Here, it is assumed that mobile stations 21 and 22 are connecting to the base station 11, a mobile station 24 is connecting to the base station 12, and a mobile station 23 is in soft handover (hereinafter, referred to as SHO where deemed appropriate) and therefore is connecting to both the base stations 11 and 12.
Each of the mobile stations 21 to 24 always uses a dedicated channel (DPCCH: Dedicated Physical Control Channel) for transmission/reception to/from its corresponding base station. Further, the mobile stations 22 and 24 are performing data reception using HSDPA, and the mobile stations 23 and 24 are performing data transmission using EUDCH. The mobile stations 22 and 24, which are performing data reception using HSDPA, use HS-SCCH (High Speed-Shared Control Channel) and HS-PDSCH (High Speed-Physical Downlink Shared Channel) for reception and HS-DPCCH (High Speed-Dedicated Physical Control Channel) for transmission. The mobile stations 23 and 24, which are performing data transmission by using EUDCH, use E-HICH (Enhanced-Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel), E-AGCH (Enhanced-Absolute Grant Channel), and E-RGCH (Enhanced-Relative Grant Channel) for reception and E-DPCCH (Enhanced-Dedicated Physical Control Channel) and E-DPDCH (Enhanced-Dedicated Physical Data Channel) for transmission. In other words, a mobile station that is executing HSDPA or EUDCH, always uses a channel called a dedicated channel for transmission and reception, apart from channels for data transmission and reception. The dedicated channel is used to transmit a pilot signal, which is used for channel estimation in order for mobile and base stations to secure synchronization and carry out demodulation, and a TPC (Transmission Power Control) signal, which is a control signal for closed-loop power control (inner loop power control).
Closed-loop power control is performed on the transmission power for a dedicated channel so that the quality of the dedicated channel becomes closer to target quality (here, target SIR (Signal to Interference Ratio)). For example, in the transmission power control of an uplink dedicated channel, a base station compares the SIR of the dedicated channel actually received from a mobile station in question with a target SIR set by the base station controller 10. If the reception SIR actually received is smaller than the target SIR, the base station transmits a TPC signal instructing that the transmission power be increased, through a downlink dedicated channel. Otherwise, the base station transmits a TPC signal instructing that the transmission power be reduced. The mobile station increases or reduces the power for the dedicated channel in accordance with the instruction of the TPC signal received through the dedicated channel.
Here, in the case where a mobile station uses dedicated channels for transmission/reception to/from a plurality of base stations, that is, where a mobile station is in a soft handover (SHO) state like the mobile station 23, the mobile station receives a plurality of TPC signals. Among the received TPC signals, if the mobile station receives at least one TPC signal giving an instruction to reduce the power, the mobile station is controlled to reduce its transmission power. This is because during SHO, communications can be carried out as long as any one of the plurality of base stations meets desired quality, and because increasing transmission power to make all the base stations receive sufficient quality leads to increased interference with another user, which is not favorable.
In addition, the physical layer of a base station generates Out-of-sync when the reception quality of a dedicated channel has deteriorated below a predetermined level. Hereinafter, generation of Out-of-sync and notification of RL_Failure for indicating an out-of-sync state will be described concretely based on the description of 3GPP TS25.214 v6.6.0 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network; Physical layer procedures (FDD); (Release 6).
FIG. 2A is a time chart for describing a process of RL_Failure generation in a base station (Node B), and FIG. 2B is a time chart showing changes in received quality, for describing a conventional transmission power control method. Referring to FIG. 2A, in a normal-mode, when the target SIR of a dedicated channel is set at a value (SIR_normal) notified from the base station controller 10, a reception SIR (dotted line) of a mobile station (UE: User Equipment) in question is changed to be closer to the target SIR through the above-described closed-loop power control.
In this closed-loop power control, if the reception SIR of this mobile station deteriorates and falls below a sync-securing quality threshold SIR_th (dashed-and-dotted line), which is set by the base station on its own, a sync detection section starts a timer and, when a predetermined period of time T_timer1 [ms] has elapsed, notifies Out-of-sync to a sync state management section. When the sync state management section is notified of Out-of-sync a predetermined number of times (N_OUTSYNC_IND), the sync state management section starts a timer. If the sync state management section does not receive In-sync notifying that the reception SIR of the dedicated channel is at the predetermined level or above before the timer exceeds a predetermined period of time (T_RLFAILURE), the sync state management section transmits a signal RL_Failure notifying of an out-of-sync state to the base station controller 10. Note that the predetermined number of times N_OUTSYNC_IND and the timer's predetermined period T_RLRAILURE are values determined by the base station controller 10 and notified to each base station beforehand. When the base station controller 10 receives RL_Failure from the base station, the base station controller 10 determines that there is a problem in a propagation path between the base station and mobile station in question or in the mobile station itself, and carries out a countermeasure such as disconnecting the dedicated channel in connection.
In such control of a dedicated channel, a state such that a mobile station is carrying out the transmission/reception of a dedicated channel is referred to as a Cell_DCH state. On the other hand, when no data transmission/reception is carried out for a long time, the mobile station changes to a state other than the Cell_DCH state, for example, a Cell_FACH state. In the Cell_FACH state, the mobile station only receives a predetermined downlink channel at predetermined time intervals and carries out no transmission/reception of a dedicated channel. Therefore, for the mobile station in the Cell_FACH state, uplink synchronization is not established.
When the mobile station in such a Cell_EACH state starts transmitting/receiving a predetermined amount of data or more, the mobile station changes to the Cell_DCH state. However, a considerable delay may be created by the time that elapses before the state change is finished and then data transmission/reception is started. The reason is as follows: a dedicated channel resource needs to be allocated to the mobile station through the base station controller 10; predetermined control parameters need to be notified to the mobile station and base station; and uplink synchronization needs to be established. Therefore, if a change from the cell_DCH state to the cell_FACH state or vice versa occurs frequently, a data transmission delay increases, resulting in the degraded quality of service to a user. In addition, the processing load on the base station controller 10 is increased, and the number of control signals exchanged between the base station controller 10 and the base station is increased, which are not favorable.
To improve such circumstances, 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) defining the W-CDMA specifications is conducting studies about allowing a mobile station that has not performed data transmission for a long time also to maintain the Cell_DCH state and thus allowing data transmission/reception to be started without a state-change delay. In this case, however, as mentioned above, since the number of mobile stations that transmit dedicated channels increases by a large amount, the apprehension arises that uplink interferences are increased and the system capacity is reduced.
Therefore, there have been proposed several methods to reduce the power of an uplink dedicated channel when no data transmission/reception is being carried out (see 3GPP TR25.903 v0.2.0 (2005-11) 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network; Continuous Connectivity for Packet Data Users; (Release 7)). For example, proposed is a method of changing a target SIR depending on whether or not data transmission/reception is being carried out. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 26, when data transmission/reception has not been carried out for a certain period of time, a base station that is conducting scheduling (serving base station) decreases the target SIR to a predetermined reduced quality level (SIR_reduced) capable of TPC detection. Because of this decrease in the target SIR, the transmission power of the mobile station for the dedicated channel is also reduced through the closed-loop power control. As a result, it is possible to effectively reduce the amount of uplink interference this mobile station might exert on another mobile station. Such a state of a mobile station whose transmission power for a dedicated channel is reduced by decreasing the target SIR as described above is referred to as reduced power mode, idle traffic mode, or the like. In addition, the state of a mobile station that maintains the Cell_DCH state and is not in the reduced power mode is referred to as normal mode, active mode, or the like.
Additionally, the above-mentioned modes are determined depending on the relative magnitude of transmission power. Therefore, reversely, the normal mode can be called increased power mode, and the reduced power mode can be called normal mode.
Incidentally, a serving base station is generally determined by a base station controller connected to base stations. As an example of the method of determining the serving base station, a mobile station first measures the reception quality of a pilot signal from each base station and notifies the measurement results, through the respective base stations, to the base station controller connected to the base stations. The base station controller estimates a path loss for each base station based on the reception quality of each pilot signal and determines, as the serving base station, a base station whose estimated path loss is small. This determination result is notified to each base station.
However, when the reception quality of a dedicated channel has deteriorated below a predetermined level, the sync detection section in a base station sends Out-of-sync to the sync state management section to notify that the quality of the dedicated channel has deteriorated and sync precision has declined (or is likely to decline). During the above-described reduced power mode, since the reception SIR of the dedicated channel decreases, the reception SIR becomes equal to or lower than the predetermined deterioration threshold SIR_th set in the sync detection section, leading to the possibility that Out-of-sync is generated frequently.
Moreover, the sync-securing quality threshold SIR_th, which is a criterion for sync determination used by the sync detection section, is a value preset by a base station on its own, and therefore there is no guarantee that all base stations have the same sync-securing quality threshold SIR_th. In such an environment, when a serving base station that is being used by a mobile station decreases the target SIR by a predetermined value, a reduction occurs in the transmission power of a dedicated channel from the mobile station in the reduced power mode. For another base station (non-serving base station), there might be a possibility that the reception SIR of its corresponding dedicated channel deteriorates below the sync-securing quality threshold SIR_th of this non-serving base station.
As described above, if the reception SIR becomes equal to or lower than the predetermined deterioration threshold SIR_th and thereby Out-of-sync is generated frequently, then the sync state management section transmits to the base station controller RL_Failure notifying that the wireless link with the mobile station is likely to go out of sync, and thereby the base station controller disconnects (releases) the dedicated channel between the base station in question and the mobile station. In the case where the base station controller is connected to a plurality of base stations through a network, if the notifications of RL_Failure are frequent, the problem arises that the number of control signals exchanged between the base station controller and the base stations is increased, resulting in the increased load on the network.
If a dedicated channel is disconnected, it is needed to carry out again the allocation of a dedicated channel resource, notification of predetermined control parameters, establishing of uplink synchronization, and the like when transmission data occurs. Therefore, data transmission/reception cannot be performed immediately.
For a non-serving base station during soft handover in particular, it is more serious that RL_Failure is generated frequently. In general, since a path loss occurring between a mobile station and each base station during soft handover varies from one base station to another, the reception quality of the uplink each base station receives also varies. In addition, a base station providing a better propagation environment, that is, a base station having a smaller path loss is generally selected as a serving base station, because the serving base station transmits control signals related to scheduling. Therefore, in many cases, a non-serving base station principally receives lower reception quality than a serving base station. Accordingly, if the serving base station decreases the target SIR during the reduced power mode, the non-serving base station will receive even lower reception quality and hence have a higher possibility of going out of sync than the serving base station.

Transmission power control technique and wireless communications system using the same


Apparatuses, systems, and methods of use are disclosed for enhancing upper body exercise. An apparatus includes a domed hand support section, the domed hand support section having a plurality of recesses configured to receive a palm, thumb, and fingers of a user's hand while the user's hand is held in a naturally curved open-position. The apparatus also includes a surface engagement section secured to an underside of the domed hand support section and configured to engage a supporting surface. When the surface engagement section is deployed on the supporting surface and the palm, thumb, and fingers of the user's hand are placed in the plurality recesses on the domed hand support section, the domed face supports the user's hand in the naturally curved open position while the user exerts force against the domed hand support section and that is at least partially directed toward the supporting surface.

People spend a great deal of money on bulky upper body fitness machines, weight benches, and barbells, or continually pay for fitness club memberships to use such equipment. However, much of the benefit that can be gained from using such devices can be achieved by doing push-ups: resting the palms of one's hands and toes or knees on the floor and lifting one's body up and down to directly work the arm, shoulder, and chest muscles, while also indirectly working abdominal, back, neck, and other muscles.
However, all the force is necessarily directed through the person's hands and wrists, and, thus, can painfully overuse some muscles. Splaying out one's fingers and palm, and then repeatedly pressing a significant portion of one's body weight against one's hands, can strain the base of the palm, thumb, and fingers; pronating one's wrists can painfully strain one's wrists and forearms. Also, performing push-ups on a hard floor may be hard on the surfaces of the person's palm, thumb, and fingers. While one can perform push-ups with one's hands balled into fists, many find this too painful on the knuckles. Further, while holding one's hands in fists alleviates the wrist pain caused by pronating one's wrists against the ground, this position forces different strains on the wrist by requiring the user to balance on his or her fists to maintain his or her wrists in an upright position. Unfortunately, if the user fails to maintain his or her wrists in an upright position and rolls his or her wrists, serious wrist and arm injuries may result.
In an attempt to facilitate reaping the benefits of push-ups without straining the hands, fingers, and wrist, various devices have been created. Standard push-up handles have a base that rests on the floor with an upraised handle that extends parallel to the ground. Using such push-up handles, instead of the user splaying out his or her hands on the ground, the user grips the handles the way that one would use a barbell and lifts his or her body off the ground. The push-up handles may alleviate strain caused by splaying one's fingers and remove the strain caused by pronating one's wrist. On the other hand, use of the push-up handles still places strain on the wrists by requiring the user to hold his or her wrists in an upright position, and gripping the handles may still be uncomfortable for the user.
Conventional push-up handles are stationary devices and, thus, only facilitate standard up-and-down push-ups. Other floor-based exercise devices enable users to lift their bodies and slide their hands laterally to their bodies to work additional muscles. Some such devices include a reduced-friction sliding board and require the user to wear slideable mitts or gloves. However, such devices not only involve the user splaying out the fingers and pronating the wrists, but also involve somewhat narrow boards that limit the scope of movement. Other devices include a rigid, space-consuming base that supports slideable handles. While these devices eliminate splaying the fingers and pronating the wrists, they have a strictly restricted range of movement, still involve gripping handles, and consume space. Ab wheels allow a user to work other muscles by extending the arms upwardly from the shoulder. Nonetheless, such rolling devices still require tightly gripping the handles and do not provide the benefits of exercises that involve lateral movement.
People also may benefit from upper body exercises, such as curls and lateral raises, that may be performed with dumbbells or kettle bells. However, as users develop different muscles, they will need multiple sets of dumbbells or kettle bells of various weights which both consume storage space and require the user to drag out each of the weights to exercise. Alternatively, a user may have a set of dumbbell handles with removable plates that allow the user to adjust the weight of the dumbbells. Unfortunately, the user still has to drag out pairs of various weight plates, and also has to remove or install weight plates at both ends of each dumbbell to adjust the weights, which may be inconvenient.
It thus would be a significant advance in the art to provide a fitness aid that facilitates upper body exercise without undesirable muscle strains that result from push-ups with or without handle-based devices, that permit a full range of movement, and that do not consume much storage space. It would also be beneficial to provide the capability of dumbbells or kettle bells without the need for multiple dumbbells, kettle bells, or pairs of weight plates.

Hand support apparatus, system, and method of use for enhancing upper body exercise


An OTP memory device and method for testing the same is disclosed. The memory device includes a number of memory cells and each memory cell has an initial threshold voltage. Each memory cell is programmed to have a first threshold voltage larger than a maximum value of the initial threshold voltages in the test program operation. When the memory device is test pass, the memory device is directly provided for a user program operation without need of an erase operation.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates in general to a one-time-programmable (OTP) memory device and method for testing the same, and more particularly to an OTP memory device and method for testing the same, in which a first program operation is performed to check the memory device and test-pass memory device is supplied to a user without erase operation.
2. Description of the Related Art
For one-time-programmable (OTP) products such as oxide-nitride-oxide read only memory (NROM) devices, technical engineers usually need to use a normal program algorithm to check whether each memory cell on the whole chip can have a good operation. One way to test the memory device is to program a row and a column of test memory cells on the chip. The whole memory array is determined to be good if data can be written into the test memory cells successfully during programming. Although this test method is time-saving, the test result is indeed unreliable for it cannot verify all the memory cells on the chip are good.
Another method to test the memory device is to program the whole array cells. After the test program operation, an erase operation is performed on that chip in order to clear the memory cells for user program. Usually, two or three program-and-erase cycles are required to achieve the test purpose. The erase operations increase the charge loss in programming and consequently the NROM device needs ten times cycling margins for a program operation, thereby reducing the quality of the memory device. In the meanwhile, the size and cost of the memory device is increased due to extra erase circuits for erase function disposed on the chip.

One-time-programmable (OTP) memory device and method for testing the same


A first mark for indicating the direction of the rotational unbalance of a propeller shaft is provided on the propeller shaft while a second mark for indicating the direction of the rotational unbalance of a companion flange is provided on the companion flange, which is to be connected to the propeller shaft at a rotation-transmitting device. One of the directions of the rotational unbalances indicated by the first mark and the second mark is set as a direction along which the rotating mass becomes larger while the other is set as a direction along which the rotating mass becomes smaller, and one of the first mark and the second mark is provided over an angular region with a predetermined angle around an axis.

An automobile of FR drive model or four-wheel drive model includes a power transmission, which transmits the rotational driving force of the engine to the drive wheels, and it generally has an arrangement in which the rotational driving force is transmitted from the transmission through a propeller shaft to an axle device. For example, the engine is placed in the front part of the vehicle, and the output rotation of the transmission, which is coupled to the engine, is transmitted through the propeller shaft to the rear axle device. Various such power transmissions have been known, and some are disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. H10(1998)-194004 and in Japanese Laid-Open Utility-Model Publication No. H07(1995)-8632.
By the way, if a rotational member of the power transmission is unbalanced, then there is a problem of vibration that can occur because of the unbalance while the rotation is being transmitted. Especially, the propeller shaft, which is a long cylindrical member that extends longitudinally in the vehicle, is likely to experience a rotational unbalance. Another element that can cause a rotational unbalance is a coupling device, which is used for connecting the propeller shaft to the axle device. The coupling device comprises as components a yoke flange, a companion flange and the like, which are forged parts and not in perfect rotational configuration (not in ring figure or in cylindrical figure).
To solve this problem, conventionally, various methods are adopted to prevent occurrence of rotational unbalance (for example, refer to Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. H07(1995)-167219). Particularly, an unbalance-offsetting method has been practiced in recent years. In this method, the unbalances are determined individually for the propeller shaft and for the companion flange of the axle device before their assembly in the vehicle. A point where one of the unbalanced rotating masses, i.e., either the propeller shaft or the companion flange, becomes heaviest (heavy point) is defined and marked, and a point where the other of the unbalanced rotating masses becomes lightest (light point) is defined and marked. When the propeller shaft and the companion flange are connected to each other in the assembly process of the vehicle, the heavy point and the light point are phased to offset the rotational unbalances.
In such a method, which adjusts the unbalances of the propeller shaft and the companion flange during the assembly process, while a worker is confirming that the two markings of the heavy and light points are within a predetermined phase angle, he must position the holes for the insertion of stud bolts for the connection of the propeller shaft and the companion flange. Therefore, the workability of this method is terribly bad. Moreover, it is difficult to determine whether or not the two markings of the heavy and light points are within a predetermined angle, so there has been a problem that relatively small deviations of these markings are not determinable. In a conventional technique that attempts to solve this problem, the holes for the insertion of bolts are positioned to make the two markings of the heavy and light points closest to each other before the fastening of the bolts. However, the propeller shaft and the companion flange have each, for example, n bolt holes, so there is a possibility of phase deviation for the markings within a range of +360/n to −360/n degrees in the assembly process. This range for the phase deviation has been so great to jeopardize the effectiveness of the above mentioned unbalance-offsetting method (refer to Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2002-104002).

Coupling structure and coupling method for power transmission


An electrical cable connector for releasably electrically connecting ends of an electrical cable comprises a female element coupled to one end of the electrical cable, and a male element coupled to another end of the electrical cable. The male element is releasably connectable with the female element. A locking groove is disposed on one of the female element and the male element. A screw is removably disposed on another one of the female element and the male element. A cam surface is located on the screw and is engagable with the locking groove such that the cam surface cams along the locking groove responsive to rotation of the female element relative to the male element to releasably connect the female element with the male element thereby electrically connecting the ends of the electrical cable. A slot is operatively associated with the locking groove. The slot is contractible responsive to camming of the cam surface along the locking groove to facilitate releasable connection of the female element with the male element. The slot is offset about 45 degrees counterclockwise from a latitudinal midline of the one of the female element and the male element.

The present invention generally relates to a novel quick connect electrical cable connector. More specifically, the invention relates to a novel in-line electrical cable connector for electrically connecting ends of an electrical cable.
Many different types of electrical cable connectors are available in the modem market. One type of electrical cable connector is an in-line connector which comprises releasably interconnectable, electrically conductive male and female portions. The male and female portions are connected to ends of electrical cables. By inserting the male portion into the female portion, the ends of the cables are electrically joined, thereby forming a single electrical conductor. Preferably, the male portion is removable from the female portion to allow for lengthening, replacement, servicing, etc. of the connector and/or the cable. Accordingly, in a preferred construction, the male and female portions are capable of repeated connections and disconnections.
One example of such a cable connector is disclosed in the U.S. Pat. No. 4,702,539 to Cusick, III et al. The connector comprises a male portion and a female portion coupled to ends of electrical cables. The male element has a projection releasably insertable into a bore in the female portion in order to electrically connect the ends of the cables. To provide a secure fit between the male and female portions, a mechanism is provided which draws the male portion into the female portion upon rotation of the male portion with respect to the female portion.
Specifically, the male portion has a spiral-like groove disposed along the circumference of the projection, and the female portion has a dimple which extends substantially radially into the bore. The projection of the male portion also includes a radially reduced or flattened segment which extends from a distal end of the projection to an edge of the groove. The flattened segment is recessed with respect to the circumference of the projection by a distance substantially equal to the distance between a surface of the bore in the female portion and a terminal end of the dimple.
To couple the male portion with the female portion, the projection is positioned with respect to the bore such that the flattened segment is aligned with the dimple. In this manner, the dimple does not substantially interfere with insertion of the projection into the bore. The projection is inserted into the bore until the dimple is laterally aligned with the groove. The groove is radially tapered such that a wall of the groove defines a minimum diameter proximate the flattened segment and defines a maximum diameter at a location on the projection offset circumferentially from the flattened segment. The male portion is rotated with respect to the female portion such that the dimple cams above or along the groove. The spiral-like configuration of the groove draws the dimple, and thus the female portion, proximally along the projection as the dimple cams along the groove. As the dimple moves proximally along the projection, the male portion is drawn towards the female portion. Once the dimple has moved along the groove from the flattened segment to the maximum diameter location of the groove, the projection of the male portion is secured within the bore of the female portion. Thus, the camming action of the dimple along the groove pulls the male portion and the female portion tightly together.
In order to facilitate the camming action of the dimple within the groove, a slot is operatively associated with the groove and extends diametrically along and longitudinally through a section of the projection. The slot is offset about 15 degrees clockwise from a lateral midline of the projection. When the dimple cams within the groove, compressive forces are generated on the projection, which cause the slot to contract. This contraction can generate a spring force which can pull the male and female portions together, and which can facilitate subsequent disconnection of the male and female portions. However, when the dimple reaches the maximum diameter location, the compressive forces generated by the dimple are directed essentially parallel to the slot. By directing the forces essentially parallel to the slot, the compressive forces may have difficulty in contracting the slot. Thus, the relative dispositions of the slot and the dimple can lead inefficient contraction of the slot, thereby making repeated connection and disconnection of the male and female portions more troublesome.
To disconnect the joined male and female portions of the cable connector, the male portion is rotated in an opposite direction with respect to the female portion such that the dimple reverses its direction along the groove until the dimple again reaches the flattened segment. The dimple is essentially free of the groove at this point. An axially directed force applied to the male and/or the female portions may facilitate disconnection thereof.
While this cable connector may be effective in some circumstances, it has a number of characteristics which may make its performance suboptimal in other circumstances. Specifically, this cable connector may be relatively susceptible to problems caused by manufacturing tolerances. For instance, the dimple is formed on the female member by a stamping process. The stamping process is an additional step in the cable connector manufacturing process, and may incorporate certain irregularities which can compromise the effectiveness of the cable connector.
The nature of the stamping process can make it difficult to predetermine and insure uniformity of the length, width, and depth of the dimple on various female portions. Furthermore, inconsistencies in the composition of the material comprising the female portion may also lead to variances in dimple structure. Additional factors, such as material blank tolerance variation, clamp fixture wear, stamp press tonnage variation, and stamping die wear may contribute to the difficulties in producing a dimple of a uniform, predetermined configuration. This may compromise the effectiveness of the cable connector, and may reduce the electrical conductivity of the cable connector.
In addition, the dimple may wear or deform upon repeated connections and disconnections. Because the dimple is an integral part of the female portion, sufficient wear of the dimple may necessitate replacement of the entire female portion of the cable connector. This can become quite expensive, especially upon consideration that the difficulty in insuring uniformity of dimple configuration may further complicate replacement of the female portion, viz. the dimple on the selected femme portion must be compatible with the male portion already installed on the cable. Alternatively, both the male and female portions may be conjointly replaced.
In order to reduce the probability of electrical shock, insulating members are provided. The male and female portions are each mounted in their own insulating member to facilitate connection and disconnection of the male and female portions. To mount the conductive portions in their respective insulators, screws are provided. Thus, to assemble the male and female portions, the additional steps of inserting and tightening the screws to secure the insulating members to the male and female portions are required.
Given these drawbacks, among others, presented by at least some of the prior art cable connectors, it is desirable to have an improved cable connector which is not susceptible to those drawbacks. The present invention is intended to offer such an improvement.

Quick connect electrical cable connector


An iron-based superalloy for high temperature 700° C. with coherent precipitation of cuboidal B2 nanoparticles, belongs to the field of heat-resistant stainless steel, including Fe, Cr, Ni, Al, Mo, W, Zr, B elements. C, Si, Mn, S, P, O, N are impurity elements. The weight percent (wt. %) of its alloy composition is Cr: 10.0˜12.0, Ni: 13.0˜15.0, Al: 6.0˜7.0, Mo: 2.0˜3.0, W: 0.3˜0.7, Zr: 0.03˜0.05, B: 0.004˜0.007, C≤0.02, Si≤0.20, Mn≤0.20, S≤0.01, P≤0.02, O≤0.005, N≤0.02, Fe: balance; and the atomic percent ratio of Zr/B is 1:1, the atomic percent ratio of Cr/(Mo+W) is 8:1, and the atomic percent ratio of Mo/W is 8:1. The coherent precipitation of cuboidal B2 nanoparticles in ferritic matrix through the alloy composition design.

The mechanical properties of high-performance engineering alloys are closely related to their microstructure, especially the high-temperature strength, which is mainly controlled by the morphology, size and distribution of the second-phase particles precipitated on the solid-solution matrix. Conventional body-centered cubic (BCC) iron-based superalloys (including ferrite and martensite) have gained widespread attention due to their high strength, high thermal conductivity, low thermal expansion coefficient, and good corrosion resistance. In these superalloys, the second phases used to strengthen the BCC matrix are mainly carbides (MC, M23C6, etc.) and intermetallic compounds (Ni3M, Laves-Fe2M phase, G-Ni16Nb6Si7 phase, Z—CrNbN phase). The crystal structures and lattice constants of these precipitated phases differ greatly from those of the BCC solid solution matrix. So, the precipitated phase particles can only maintain a semi-coherent or non-coherent interfacial relationship with the BCC matrix. In addition, during long-term aging or high-temperature creep, both semi-coherent and non-coherent precipitated second-phase particles tend to grow and coarsen in the direction of low misfit. In the conventional ferritic/martensitic (F/M) heat-resistant steel T92/P92 (Fe-9Cr-0.5Mo-1.8W-0.2V-0.1C wt. %), the carbide particles in the matrix are severely coarsened at service temperatures above 650° C., which seriously degrades the mechanical properties of this alloy, especially its high-temperature strength.
Different from traditional Fe-based superalloys, Ni-based superalloys exhibit excellent mechanical properties at high temperatures unmatched by other alloys, mainly due to their unique microstructure, i.e., the cuboidal ordered phase γ′ particles are coherently precipitated in the solid solution γ matrix. These superalloys are complex alloys with more than ten trace alloying elements added to adjust the misfit between the matrix and the precipitated particles, thus achieving the coherent precipitation of cuboidal nanoparticles. Similarly, in Al-containing Fe-based superalloys, the coherent precipitation of spherical ordered-phase B2 nanoparticles in a body-centered cubic BCC solid-solution matrix also improves the high-temperature creep properties of the alloy to some extent. However, it is shown that only the cuboidal coherent precipitation can ensure the maximum enhancement of the high-temperature strength of the alloy. But this kind of organization is difficult to appear in B2-reinforced BCC Fe-based superalloys. Essentially, because the ordered B2 phase is usually located in the middle of the phase diagram and has a large difference in composition from the BCC phase, it is difficult to adjust the misfit between the two phases. This indicates that the alloying elements in such Al-containing Fe-based superalloys need further adjustment and optimization in order to achieve the coherent precipitation of cuboidal B2 nanoparticles form in the BCC matrix, i.e., the ideal microstructure of the high-temperature alloy, as a way to improve the high-temperature mechanical properties of the alloy.
Therefore, it is difficult to achieve coherent precipitation of cuboidal B2 nanoparticles in BCC iron-based high-temperature superalloys, which has become a bottleneck in the development of iron-based superalloys. In view of this, the present invention provides an iron-based superalloy for high temperature 700° C. with coherent precipitation of cuboidal B2 nanoparticles. It has a unique microstructure with coherent precipitation of cuboidal B2 nanoparticles in the BCC matrix, which will enable the alloy to be applied in high-temperature 700° C. environment and exhibit good microstructural stability and high strength at high temperatures.

Iron-based superalloy for high temperature 700 ° C. with coherent precipitation of cuboidal B2 nanoparticles


A method for joining a lid to a container includes the formation of interlocking waves of material at the location where the lid joins the container. The interlocking waves are geometrically aligned relative to the interior of the container so as to maximize the burst strength of the container and minimize the peel strength of the lid from the container.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a method of forming a peelable seal for containers. This invention also relates to the shape of the seal structure used to seal a lid to a container.
2. Discussion of the Prior Art
As discussed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,491,935 packages of thermoplastic materials have been used extensively in various industries for dispensing a wide variety of both flowable and non-flowable materials. These packages consist of containers that have been sealed in various ways, and recently there has been a great need for a container sealed with thin-wall sealing material that is either punctured or removed by the consumer to access the contents of the sealed package.
The '935 patent uses a differential method of forming a peelable seal for the containers in which the two thermoplastic materials selected to form the lid and the container have different softening points. These materials are heated while they are in contact with one another so that the first material fuses and secures itself to the second material, and thereby forms the desired peelable seal without fusing the second material (lines 15-22 of col. 2).
In the sealing operation of the '935 patent, the heat flows through the closure material from a heated sealing die which also extrudes a portion of the closure material from beneath the die, so as to form a bead on the flange of the container. It should be noted that the beads formed in this reference are not on the inner rim of the flange.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,519,499 issued to Stone et al on May 28, 1985, (as well as U.S. Pat. No. 4,496,046, same inventor and assignee), discloses a container having a selectively openable seal line and peelable barrier means. The container is made of two sheets which are secured to each other by a seal that includes a bead area of increased thickness at the break end of it, FIGS. 1, 2 and 3; lines 46-48 of col. 2). The sealing die used for sealing the two sheets together consist of a die head and a mirror image die head. Each of them has a convex projection and a bevel surface formed 5 degrees from horizontal FIGS. 7, 8, 9, and 10, lines 15-32 of col. 6). This reference relates to the use of a sealing die having a beveled surface and the formation of beads. However, it does not relate to the formation of beads on the inner rim of a container.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,679,509 issued to Fielibert on July 25, 1972 relates to a process for sealing laminated materials. This reference uses a V-shaped bar as its sealing head in which the obtuse angle ranges form 150.degree.-170.degree. (lines 14-21 of col. 2).
U.S. Pat. No. 4,171,236 discloses a method for forming a fractionable seal of the type wherein a plastic cup-shaped closure is hermetically sealed to a plastic planar surface, such as the neck of pharmaceutical solution containers. The seal is formed with the closure by forcing a die heated above the melting point of the plastic materials into the desired planer surface. Both the planar surface and the closure adjacent thereto become molten and the surface material is displaced to form a fused seal transverse to the surface. Due to the design of the die, a frangible section is formed in the vertical sidewall of the depression. This reference also does not disclose any formation of beads on the inside rim of a container flange.
In food packaging, the area of the invention, is important that the lid remain fixed to the container during distribution of the closed container via various transportation routes to the eventual consumer. In an attempt to standardize the survivability determination of sealed containers, the U.S.D.A. has defined the "Restrained Burst Test" as a means of measuring this ability to maintain package integrity. The restrained burst test involves pressurizing the inside of the subject container with compressed air. The seal container must be able to maintain +5 psig between the inside and outside of the container for at least 60 seconds.
Unfortunately, when one increases the survivability of the package by increasing the width and strength of the seal area between the container and the lid, (such as to withstand a 10 psig pressure differential), the peel strength in the prior art devices also increases in a linear manner such that it becomes very hard for the purchaser of the packaged food container to open the lid. The designer of the food container is therefore faced with a Hobson's choice, wherein a container that may survive the transportation phase will not be openable by the subsequent purchaser, or where an "easy open" container will not survive the transportation process. Increasing the burst strength of a container causes an undesirable increase in the peel strength required to open the container.
Most food packers require a minimum of 10 psi burst pressure and would like 15 psi. With conventional lid sealing, 15 psi burst pressure requires a material that has a peel strength of 10.75 lbs/in. This is extremely difficult to peel.
A method of sealing a lid to a container therefore needs to be developed wherein a high burst pressure for the container does not unduly hamper the consumer from peeling the lid from the container.


An aircraft advertising system comprises an aircraft. The aircraft is generally very long with respect to its width and height. A support beam is provided. The support beam has a coupling end and a free end. The coupling end has a pivot pin. In this manner the collapse of the beam is allowed for take off and landing of the aircraft. Also provided is a sign of a durable fabric material. The sign is adapted to display indicia. The sign has a top edge, a bottom edge, a front edge, a rear edge and a pair of faces on either side. The top edge is coupled to the bottom portion of the body of the aircraft. The front edge is coupled to the support beam.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an aircraft advertising system and more particularly pertains to the advantages and flexibility of that system in providing a relatively large surface that may be extended and retracted for displaying indicia from an aircraft and exposing it to many viewers at a great range.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The use of advertising systems of known designs and configurations is known in the prior art. More specifically, advertising systems of known designs and configurations previously devised and utilized for the purpose of displaying advertisements through conventional methods and apparatuses are known to consist basically of familiar, expected, and-obvious structural configurations, notwithstanding the myriad of designs encompassed by the crowded prior art which has been developed for the fulfillment of countless objectives and requirements.
By way of example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,823,468 to Bothe discloses a hybrid aircraft. U.S. Pat. No. 5,320,306 to Gennaro discloses aircraft construction. U.S. Pat. No. 4,746,081 to Mazzoni discloses an Aircraft. U.S. Pat. No. 2,091,580 to Belinski discloses a flying machine. U.S. Pat. No. 2,023,334 to Marmonier discloses an aeroplane. U.S. Pat. No. 1,210,376 to James discloses an aeroplane. Lastly, U.S. Pat. No. 1,746,747 to Sutfin discloses an aeroplane.
While these devices fulfill their respective, particular objectives and requirements, the aforementioned patents do not describe an aircraft advertising system that provides a relatively large surface that may be extended and retracted for displaying indicia from an aircraft and exposing it to many viewers at a great range.
In this respect, the aircraft advertising system according to the present invention substantially departs from the conventional concepts and designs of the prior art, and in doing so provides an apparatus primarily developed for the purpose of displaying indicia from an aircraft and exposing it to many viewers at a great range.
Therefore, it can be appreciated that there exists a continuing need for a new and improved aircraft advertising system which can be used for displaying indicia from an aircraft and exposing it to many viewers at a great range. In this regard, the present invention substantially fulfills this need.
In view of the foregoing disadvantages inherent in the known types of advertising systems of known designs and configurations now present in the prior art, the present invention provides and improved aircraft advertising system. As such, the general purpose of the present invention, which will be described subsequently in greater detail, is to provide a new and improved aircraft advertising system and method which has all the advantages of the prior art and none of the disadvantages.
To attain this, the present invention essentially comprises an aircraft. The aircraft has a vertical stabilizer and rudder, a plurality of wings with propulsion devices, landing gear, and control surfaces. Furthermore, the aircraft is generally very long with respect to its width and height, and has means along its bottom for attaching a sign.
A sign support beam is provided. The support beam has an upper coupling end and a lower free end. The coupling end has a pivot pin. The pivot pin allows the beam to be rotated up against the bottom of the aircraft for ground operations, take offs, landings, and flight operations in which higher speeds or greater efficiencies are desired. The landing gear is able to clear the support beam when it is in its retracted state. Appropriate conventional mechanisms are provided to rotate the sign support beam, to lock it in its extended and retracted positions, and to provide additional strength if needed. The sign support beam also has a slender recess along its full length.
Further provided is a sign. The sign is of a durable fabric material. The sign is adapted to display indicia. The sign has a top edge, a bottom edge, a front edge, a rear edge and a pair of faces on opposite sides. The top edge is coupled to the bottom portion of the body of the aircraft. The front edge is slidably coupled to the support beam in the slender recess. Enlargements ensure secure couplings there between. Appropriately conventional mechanisms are provided to allow for the raising and lowering of the sign for storage and for deployment.
There has thus been outlined, rather broadly, the more important features of the invention in order that the detailed description thereof that follows may be better understood and in order that the present contribution to the art may be better appreciated. There are, of course, additional features of the invention that will be described hereinafter and which will form the subject matter of the claims attached.
In this respect, before explaining at least one embodiment of the invention in detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of construction and to the arrangements of the components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. The invention is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced and carried out in various ways. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology employed herein are for the purpose of descriptions and should not be regarded as limiting.
As such, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the conception, upon which this disclosure is based, may readily be utilized as a basis for the designing of other structures, methods and systems for carrying out the several purposes of the present invention. It is important, therefore, that the claims be regarded as including such equivalent constructions insofar and they do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a new and improved aircraft advertising system which has all of the advantages of the prior art in advertising systems of known designs and configurations and none of the disadvantages.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a new and improved aerial advertising system which increases advertising effectiveness and operational flexibility while decreasing operational cost.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a new and improved aircraft advertising system which may be easily and efficiently manufactured and marketed.
It is further an object of the present invention to provide a new and improved aircraft advertising system which is of durable and reliable constructions.
An even further object of the present invention is to provide a new and improved aircraft advertising system which is susceptible of a low cost of manufacture with regard to both materials and labor, and which accordingly is then susceptible of low prices of sale to the consuming public, thereby making such aircraft advertising system economically available to the buying public.
Even still another object of the present invention is to provide an aircraft advertising system for displaying indicia from an aircraft and exposing it to many viewers at a great range.
Lastly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a new and improved aircraft advertising system that comprises an aircraft. The aircraft is generally very long with respect to its height and width. A leading edge support beam is provided. The support beam has a coupling end and a free end. The coupling end has a pivot pin. In this manner the collapse of the beam is allowed for take off and landing of the aircraft. Also provided is a sign of a durable fabric material. The sign is adapted to display indicia. The sign has a top edge, a bottom edge, a front edge, a rear edge and a pair of faces on opposite sides. The top edge is coupled to the bottom portion of the body of the aircraft. The front edge is coupled to the support beam.
These together with other objects of the-invention, along with the various features of novelty which characterize the invention, are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming a part of this disclosure. For a better understanding of the invention, its operating advantages and the specific objects attained by its uses, reference should be had to the accompanying drawings and descriptive matter in which there is illustrated preferred embodiments of the invention.


Described herein are systems, devices and methods for causing content to appear stable in space such that a user may continue to consume the content while there is relative motion between the user's head and a media device presenting content. The media device may present content based on generated predictive data which may represent predicted positions of the media device relative to a stabilization point.

Users may consume content presented by media devices such as tablets and smartphones while riding in a vehicle such as a bus, a car or a train. However, reading the content may become difficult when a media device moves rapidly because, for example, the vehicle bounces up and down which may cause the phone to bounce up and down.
Certain implementations and embodiments will now be described more fully below with reference to the accompanying figures, in which various aspects are shown. However, various aspects may be implemented in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the implementations set forth herein. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout.