Psyllium husk-containing powdered drink mix compositions comprising a free radical scavenging antioxidant material to reduce the incidence of vacuum generation in air tight containers and of off-odors.

The present invention relates to psyllium husk-containing powdered drink mix compositions comprising an antioxidant. The present invention also relates to a method for reducing the creation of a vacuum in an air tight container filled with a psyllium-containing powdered drink mix composition.
Powdered drink mix products containing psyllium seed husk are known (for example, Metamucil.RTM., sold by The Procter & Gamble Company). Such products are useful for the benefit of normalizing bowel function and laxation. In addition, recent research has demonstrated the effectiveness of psyllium seed husk fiber in reducing human serum cholesterol levels and in controlling blood glucose levels in diabetics.
Psyllium-containing drink mix products have been sold in plastic canisters and in individual packets for portable use. Random unopened canisters of such product develop a vacuum during storage, sometimes to the extent that the bottle is drawn in. More recent developments relating to reducing the particle size of the psyllium husk used in these powdered drink mix products has increased the incidence of this phenomenon.
It has been discovered that the addition of certain antioxidant materials to these compositions reduce the incidence of vacuum creation. They further provide the benefit of improved aesthetics associated with the odor of the product after storage. These benefits from adding antioxidant materials to psyllium-containing powdered drink mix compositions is surprising since psyllium husk is predominantly a polysaccharide-containing fiber material, which is not typically viewed as an oxidizable material. However, while not to be limited by theory, it is believed that the benefits observed for the present invention compositions is due to the ability of the antioxidant materials to inhibit oxidation of the very low levels of psyllium oil inherently present in psyllium husk.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide psyllium-containing powdered drink mix compositions having improved storage stability. In particular, it is an object to provide psyllium-containing drink mix compositions which do not create a vacuum when stored in an air-tight container and/or which does not generate off-odors during storage. A further object is to provide a method for reducing the creation of a vacuum in an air-tight container filled with a psyllium-containing powdered drink mix composition.
These and other objects of the present invention will become readily apparent from the detailed description which follows.
All percentages and ratios used herein are by weight unless otherwise specified. Screen mesh sizes used herein are based on U.S. standards.

Powdered psyllium drink mix compositions containing antioxidant


A self-localization device and a method thereof are provided. The self-localization device has a movable carrier, a first laser image-taking device and a processor. The movable carrier can be moved and rotated on a plan. During the motion of the movable carrier, the first laser image-taking device disposed on the movable carrier acquires an i-th lot point data in the space at a time point ti, where i is one index number from 1 to n, and n is an integer. The processor controls the first laser image-taking device, and receives coordinates of the i-th lot point data. The processor executes a K-D tree algorithm to perform a comparison and merge process between the first and the i-th lots point data, so as to establish a two dimensional profile.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a localization technique. More particularly, the present invention relates to a localization device capable of self-localization and establishing a two-dimensional or a three-dimensional map, and a method thereof.
2. Description of Related Art
Generally, a three-dimensional (3D) geography information system (GIS) platform provided by Google Earth or Virtual Earth can only demonstrate 3D topographic information, while buildings, roads, trees and landscapes on a ground surface are manually constructed by using a 3D modelling software tool. To accurately and efficiently construct these 3D models on the ground surface, a 3D digital scan is a commonly used method. Presently, there are two main types of 3D digitalization tools, one type is to use a laser range finder with a fixed position on the ground, and the measurement is performed point by point as a radiation direction of the laser changes. However, it is inconvenient to move the laser range finder, and there are a plenty of measurement dead corners and a large amount of data positioning processing to be performed. Therefore, it is very inconvenient for scanning a large area. The other one is to use an external carrier to carry a laser equipment, and various methods are used to position the carrier, so as to estimate each measuring position of a sensor. For example, during an airborne ranging, an aircraft directly carries a radar or a laser range finder to scan all of the 3D information on the ground surface from the air, or a carrier purely moved on the ground localizes its own location through an active or a passive approach, so as to achieve the measurement purpose.
Presently, a 3D digitalization device with a high mobility, simple operation and suitable for a large street area and roads having different tortuous paths is required for quickly acquiring 3D information of the buildings or the landscapes from the ground.

Self-positioning device and method thereof

Industrial Technology Research Institute


The present invention relates to novel variant EGIII or EGIII-like cellulases that have improved stability. The variant cellulases have performance sensitive residues replaced to a residue having modified stability.

Cellulases are enzymes which are capable of hydrolysis of the β-D-glucosidic linkages in celluloses. Cellulolytic enzymes have been traditionally divided into three major classes: endoglucanases, exoglucanases or cellobiohydrolases and β-glucosidases (Knowles, J. et al., (1987), TIBTECH 5, 255-261); and are known to be produced by a large number of bacteria, yeasts and fungi.
Although cellulases are used to degrade wood pulp and animal feed, cellulases are primarily used in the treatment of textiles, e.g., in detergent compositions for assisting in the removal of dirt or grayish cast (see e.g., Great Britain Application Nos. 2,075,028, 2,095,275 and 2,094,826) or in the treatment of textiles prior to sale to improve the feel and appearance of the textile. Thus, Great Britain Application No. 1,358,599 illustrates the use of cellulase in detergents to reduce the harshness of cotton containing fabrics.
Cellulases have also been used in the treatment of textiles to recondition used fabrics by making their colors more vibrant (see e.g., The Shizuoka Prefectural Hammamatsu Textile Industrial Research Institute Report, Vol. 24, pp. 54-61 (1986)). Repeated washing of cotton containing fabrics results in a grayish cast to the fabric which is believed to be due to disrupted and disordered fibrils, sometimes called "pills", caused by mechanical action. This greyish cast is particularly noticeable on colored fabrics. As a consequence, the ability of cellulase to remove the disordered top layer of the fiber and thus improve the overall appearance of the fabric has been of value.
Because of its effectiveness in many industrial processes, there has been a trend in the field to search for specific cellulase compositions or components which have particularly effective performance profiles with respect to one or more specific applications. As possible sources of cellulases, practitioners have focused on fungi and bacteria. For example, cellulase produced by certain fungi such as Trichoderma spp. (especially Trichoderma reesei) have been given much attention because a complete cellulase system capable of degrading crystalline forms of cellulose is readily produced in large quantities via fermentation procedures. This specific cellulase complex has been extensively analyzed to determine the nature of its specific components and the ability of those components to perform in industrial processes (see, Wood et al., "Methods in Enzymology", 160, 25, pages 234, et seq. (1988). U.S. Pat. No. 5,475,101 (Ward et al.) discloses the purification and molecular cloning of one particularly useful enzyme called endoglucanase III (EGIII) which is derived from Trichoderma reesei.
PCT Publication No. WO 94/14953 discloses endoglucanases which are encoded by a nucleic acid which comprises any one of a series of DNA sequences, each having 20 nucleotides.
Ooi, et al., Curr. Genet. 18:217-222 (1990) disclose the cDNA sequence coding for endoglucanase F 1-CMC produced by Aspergillus aculeatus which contains the amino acid strings NNLWG, ELMIW and GTEPFT. Sakamoto, et al., Curr. Genet. 27:435-439 (1995) discloses the cDNA sequence encoding the endoglucanase CMCase-1 From Aspergillus kawachii IFO 4308 which contains the amino acid strings ELMIW and GTEPFT. Ward, et al., discloses the sequence of EGIII having the amino acid strings NNLWG, ELMIW and GTEPFT. Additionally, two cellulase sequences, one from Erwinia carotovara and Rhodothermus marinus are disclosed in Saarilahti, et al., Gene 90:9-14 (1990) and Hreggvidsson, et al., Appl. Environ. Microb. 62:3047-3049 (1996) which contain the amino acid string ELMIW.
Despite knowledge in the art related to many cellulase compositions having applications in some or all of the above areas, there is a continued need for new cellulase compositions which have improved stability under conditions present in applications for which cellulases are useful, e.g., household and laundry detergents and textile treatment compositions.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Variant EGIII-like cellulase compositions


A fluorescent lamp includes: a bulb including bent and straight-tube portions having an external tube diameter of 12 to 20 mm and a tube length of 800 to 2500 mm. The straight portions are disposed generally within the same plane through the bent portions. A pair of end portions with electrodes sealed therein form a single discharge path through the straight tube and bent portions. A phosphor layer is formed on the inner face of the bulb, and a discharge medium including mercury is sealed in the bulb. Thermal deterioration of the phosphor layer formed at the straight tube portions is reduced so deterioration of the initial light flux is suppressed, allowing lighting at higher efficiency. With the above configuration, a fluorescent lamp is compact and capable of light with high efficiency, and with improved light output properties. A light fixture uses this fluorescent lamp.

Fluorescent lamps of straight tube shapes, ring shapes, and single-ended shapes are known as general fluorescent lamps, and particularly, in view of recent demands for energy conservation and conservation of resources, a small-diameter ring-shaped fluorescent lamp for high-frequency lighting has been developed and produced as a product. This small-diameter ring-shaped fluorescent lamp is identified by the name "FHC" in products (see Patent Document 1). This small-diameter ring-shaped fluorescent lamp has approximately the same external diameter for the ring size as that of conventional ring-shaped fluorescent lamps, but the external diameter of the tube is made to be smaller, while ensuring brightness equal to or greater than that of the conventional ring-shaped fluorescent lamps, thereby satisfying the needs for energy conservation and conservation of resources and, particularly, allowing a comfortable visual environment to be realized in the home space.
On the other hand, a square-shaped fluorescent lamp has been conventionally known (see Patent Documents 2 and 3). The fluorescent lamp described in the Patent Document 2 is a 30 W type square fluorescent lamp using a quadrate bulb having an external diameter for the tube of 25 to 32 mm, a curvature radius at the inner side of the bent portions of 20 to 40 mm, and an external diameter of 190 to 220 mm between opposing straight portions. The fluorescent lamp described in the Patent Document 3 is square fluorescent lamp using a quadrate bulb having an external diameter for the tube of 12.75 to 13.25 mm, an external diameter of 135 mm between opposing straight portions, and a discharge path length of 450 to 470 mm (tube length 500 to 520 mm).
[Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent No. 3055769
[Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Laid-open Publication No. SHO 58-152365
[Patent Document 3] Japanese Patent Laid-open Publication No. HEI 3-59548
The small-diameter ring-shaped fluorescent lamp according to the Patent Document 1 is manufactured by forming a protective layer and phosphor layer in a straight tube bulb, the sealing electrodes to both ends, heating so that the entire straight tube bulb becomes soft, and bending the straight tube bulb into a ring shape, so that the initial light flux tends to be lower due to thermal deterioration of the phosphor layer. Further, alkali component in the bulb precipitates due to the heating process and reacts with the phosphor layer, thus providing problems of being easily deteriorated in time elapsing and easily deteriorating the lumen maintenance factor.
Moreover, small-diameter ring-shaped fluorescent lamps are formed into the ring shape by a straight tube bulb while being stretched in the longitudinal direction, which easily results in the cracking of the protective layer and phosphor layer formed in the straight tube at the time of shaping, thus providing a problem that the protective layer and phosphor layer cannot be formed thickly. Generally, the thicker the phosphor layer is formed, the more the initial light flux improves, and a thicker protective layer allows the luminous flux maintenance factor to be improved. However, with small-diameter ring-shaped fluorescent lamps, the protective layer and phosphor layer cannot be formed thickly by the reasons mentioned above, so that there has been a limit to the extent of improvement in initial light flux and improvement in luminous flux maintenance factor.
The square fluorescent lamp according to the Patent Document 2 simply shapes a common large-diameter 30 W fluorescent lamp into a square, and no consideration has been given to the bulb shaping process or improvement in lamp properties.
Since the square fluorescent lamp according to the Patent Document 3 has a short tube length of 500 to 520 mm, the light output is low, and high-output lighting as like as in the conventional small-diameter ring-shaped fluorescent lamps cannot be expected. Particularly, the external diameter between opposing straight portions of 135 mm is so short that a pair of electrodes must be disposed in a manner bent toward the inner side of the bulb, leading to inconveniences such that manufacturing is complicated, and that concentric combination arrangements of the same type of bulbs with the same shape but different dimensions cannot be used.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a fluorescent lamp which is small in size, highly efficient, and has improved light output properties, and a lighting apparatus using this fluorescent lamp.

Fluorescent lamp having bent portions and its manufacturing method, and illuminating apparatus including the lamp

Toshiba Lighting & Technology Corporation


The invention relates to an exposure apparatus, in particular for wavelength-dependent light outcoupling, in which at least one preferably wavelength-dependent mirror layer is located within an exposure beam path of a lamp, which mirror layer is used to divide the beam path into a spectral portion used for exposure, and into an unused spectral portion. The object of the invention is to provide an exposure apparatus and a method with which the quality of exposure can be optimized using simple means. The object on which the invention is based is attained according to the invention by locating a mirror in the beam path of the unused region of the spectrum that reflects the unused spectral range in the direction of a mirror layer, and a portion of this is projected onto a viewing screen for adjustment purposes.

The present invention relates to an exposure apparatus comprising a lamp and a condensor device, in particular for wavelength-dependent light outcoupling, whereby a first, wavelength-dependent mirror layer is located with in the exposure beam path to divide the beam path into a first, UV portion for exposure, and into a second, primarily visible and/or IR special portion, whereby a second mirror is located in the beam path of the second spectral portion that reflects the second spectral portion back to the first mirror layer.
Such an exposure apparatus for photocopiers is made known in U.S. Pat. No. 4,095,881. The light from a halogen lamp strikes a curved reflector, from which point a parallel bundle of rays is partially reflected by an inference filter located in front of the lamp in the beam path, and its IR portion is allowed to pass through. The IR portion is reflected back into the lamp via a mirror, in order to warm it up and thereby save electrical energy to operate the lamp.
An exposure method is made know in JP-A-3022518 in which a wavelength selective mirror layer that divides the beam path into a spectral portion used for exposure and into a further spectral portion is penetrated by radiation within the exposure beam path of the lamp. Under normal circumstances, the further spectral portion is focussed on the end of a bundle of light guides that is connected to a device for controlling the correct focussing. The disadvantage of this method is the fact that the entire spectral portion not used for exposure causes the instrument parts radiated by it to heat up considerably. This can lead to the maladjustment or even destruction of the instrument parts.
The object of the invention is to present an exposure apparatus and a method with which exposure quality can be optimized using simple means.
This object is attained by means of the invention by the fact that a viewing screen is located in the beam path of the light portion of the second spectral portion reflected on the first mirror layer before the second pass through this first mirror layer, and by the fact that imaging optics are located between the viewing screen and the first mirror layer to image the lamp on the viewing screen.
Light is outcoupled in wavelength-dependent fashion using the first, preferably wavelength-dependent mirror layer. The light emitted from the lamp is thereby divided into a UV portion used for exposure, and into an unused, visible and IR spectral portion. The used, UV spectral portion is diverted in the direction toward the lens, while the visible and the IR portion pass through the mirror layer. By optimizing the mirror layer, reflection coefficients of nearly R=100% and transmission coefficients of T=90% can be achieved. By employing a plurality of such units, a suppression of greater than 1:1000 can be achieved with a utilized light efficiency of approximately 98%. Due to light outcoupling, the UV portion is practically all that reaches the offset printing plate for exposure. The energy in the undesired spectral range that is received is very low. No unnecessary heating upxe2x80x94or the negative consequences related therewithxe2x80x94takes place.
The first visible and IR spectral portion which is not used for exposure and passes through the first, preferably wavelength-dependent mirror layer is reflected on the second mirror located, in particular, perpendicular to the propagation of the unused spectral portion, back in the direction of the first mirror layer. Exacty like the first pass, this second passage through the first, preferably wavelength-dependent mirror layer is not complete, either, because residual reflection remains. A portion, A=T*(1-T), is reflected on the mirror layer and diverted in a direction away from the object to a viewing screen, on which an image of the lamp is then created by means of imaging optics. This image is used to adjust the lamp. This allows for a much more effective positioning of the lamp than could be achieved using an unadjusted installation, due to the mechanical tolerances of lamps. The result is a much more accurate illumination of the object to be illuminated. Appropriate reference marks can be applied on the viewing screen to simplify the adjustment process.
The largest share of the second spectral portionxe2x80x94which is not used for exposurexe2x80x94passes through the mirror layer back in the direction of the lamp, i.e., it does not reach the offset printing plate. The radiant energy can be absorbed here by lamp cooling elements already in place. No further elements are needed to absorb the portion not used for exposure. As a result, the entire apparatus can be designed to be more compact and, in particular, more cost-effective.
An image of the lamp, the lamp filament, or the lamp electrodes is created on the viewing screen. The exposure apparatus can now be adjusted effectively using this image. The viewing screen preferable comprises a ground-glass screen, on which a mirror-inverted image of the lamp is projected. This simple exemplary embodiment of the viewing screen is cost-effective to manufacture and relates the position of the light source as an image with sufficient accuracy.
Imaging optics for imaging the lamp on the viewing screen are located between the viewing screen and the first, preferably wavelength-dependent mirror layer so that an image of the lamp can be displayed on the viewing screen. These imaging optics comprise a lens system, for example. The advantage of a lens system is the high light intensity and good accuracy. By arranging the lenses appropriately, it is possible to create an enlarged representation of the lamp, which is conducive to a rapid and simplified adjustment of the exposure apparatus. A simple aperture plate can be used in order to reduce assembly. According to the principle of a xe2x80x9chidden cameraxe2x80x9d, this produces a mirror-inverted image of the lamp on the viewing screen, which is designed as a ground-glass screen, for instance.
According to a further advantageous exemplary embodiment of the invention, the imaging and reflecting functions of the imaging optics and the mirror can be combined in one component if the second mirror is designed curved in shape. This design saves costs, because a complicated and cost-intensive lens system between the mirror wall and viewing screen can be eliminated.
The exposure apparatus can be further improved if a reflector is located in the beam path behind the lamp. It creates a reversed image of the lamp in or, preferably, next to the lamp. The light yield can be nearly doubled as a result. Additionally, adjustment can be greatly simplified, because it can now be carried out with the images of the lamp and the lamp image positioned side-by-side on the viewing screen.
The arrangement of the individual components is extremely important to achieve a particulary space-saving and efficient design of the apparatus. For example, a condenser and the semipermeable mirror layer are located in the beam path behind the lamp in the ray direction. The semipermeable mirror layer divides the light into a first, preferably, UV portion used for exposure, and into a second spectral portion, preferably the visible and IR portion. A mirror is located in linear succession after the second spectral portion, which mirror reflects the second spectral portion back in the direction toward the semipermeable mirror layer, which is situated so as to divert part of the second spectral portion to the viewing screen. In this fashion, all functions are realized in a very compact design. The light reflected back into the lamp and not used for exposure is absorbed there by cooling elements. Parts of this second spectral portion serve to adjust the lamp with the aid of the viewing screen. The fact that only the used, preferably UV portion reaches the offset printing plate is particularly advantageous.
The object of the method is attained using an exposure metohod for wavelength dependent light outcoupling according to the invention, in which at least a first, wavelength-dependent mirror layer is penetrated by radiation within an exposure beam path of a lamp to divide the beam path into a first spectral portion used for exposure, and into a second spectral portion, wherein at least one part of the second spectral portion is used to adjust the lamp, wherein the second spectral portion is reflected on a second mirror back in the direction toward the first mirror layer, and wherein the light portion reflected in the second pass through the first mirror layer is imaged on the viewing screen.
A particularly advantageous aspect of the method is the fact that the lamp can be easily adjusted by means of the image created, and the largest share of the visible light and, mainly, the IR radiation can be kept away from the adjusting device. The largest share of the second spectal portion passes through the mirror layer in the second pass through the preferably wavelength-dependent mirror layer in the direction of the lamp, where the energy is advantageously absorbed by cooling elements already in place. No further cooling elements are necessary, therefore, which allows for a more compact and cost-effective design.
The method according to the invention is carried out particularly advantageously, by the fact that the light emitted by a lamp is bundled with the aid of a condensor and, by means of a first, semipermeable, preferably wavelength-dependent mirror layer, is divided into a special portion used for exposure and into a second spectral portion, whereby the second spectral portion penetrates the mirror layer and is reflected back by a second mirror in the direction toward the first mirror layer and is partially diverted on the mirror layer in the direction toward the viewing screen, and an image of the lamp is created on the viewing screen. This image can be used to adjust the lamp. This advantageous exemplary embodiment of the method allows for a very compact design of the device.
This is described in greater detail using the drawings, which represent an exemplary embodiment of the invention.

Device and method for wavelength dependent light outcoupling

Basys Print GmbH Systeme fuer Druckindustrie


A hydraulic system includes: a travel motor; travel pump connected to the travel motor, the travel pump driven by an engine; a work pump that sucks hydraulic oil from a tank through a suction line, and supplies the oil to a work hydraulic actuator through a delivery line, the work pump driven by the engine; a switching valve connected to the delivery line, and connected to a part of the suction line downstream of the check valve; and an accumulator connected to the switching valve. The switching valve switches between a neutral position in which the switching valve blocks a pressure accumulation line, a pressure release line, and the relay line, the pressure accumulation position in which the switching valve wherein the pressure accumulation line communicates with the relay line, a pressure release position in which the switching valve brings the relay line into communication with the pressure release line.

Among construction machines, such as wheel loaders and forklifts, there are those mounted with a hydraulic system that includes: a travel circuit that forms a hydraulic static transmission (HST) between an engine and traveling means, such as wheels or crawlers; and a work circuit for performing work, such as scooping work or lifting work.
For example, Patent Literature 1 discloses a hydraulic system 100 of a construction machine, which includes a travel circuit 110 as shown in FIG. 6. The travel circuit 110 includes: a travel pump 120, which is driven by an engine 101; and a travel motor 130, which rotates a travel drive shaft 102. The travel pump 120 is connected to the travel motor 130 by a pair of supply/discharge lines 141 and 142, such that a closed loop is formed. The supply/discharge lines 141 and 142 are connected to a charge pump 150.
The travel pump 120 is an over-center pump. When the construction machine travels forward, hydraulic oil is supplied to the travel motor 130 through one of the supply/discharge lines 141 and 142, and when the construction machine travels backward, the hydraulic oil is supplied to the travel motor 130 through the other one of the supply/discharge lines 141 and 142. The travel drive shaft 102 transmits torque from the travel motor 130 to a wheel 104. The travel drive shaft 102 is provided with a mechanical brake 103.
In addition, the hydraulic system 100 is configured to be able to regenerate kinetic energy during decelerating travel. Specifically, accumulators 170 are connected to the pair of supply/discharge lines 141 and 142, respectively, via switching valves 160. Pressurized oil discharged from the travel motor 130 during decelerating forward travel, and pressurized oil discharged from the travel motor 130 during decelerating backward travel, are separately accumulated in these accumulators 170, respectively. The pressurized oil accumulated in the accumulator 170 during decelerating forward travel is utilized when the construction machine travels backward next time, and the pressurized oil accumulated in the accumulator 170 during decelerating backward travel is utilized when the construction machine travels forward next time.

Hydraulic system of construction machine


Embodiments of the disclosure generally relate to feedback of a HARQ acknowledgement. A network device transmits, to a terminal device, a first trigger indicating a feedback mode of a HARQ acknowledgement. The feedback mode is selected from at least one of: a trigger mode, a timing mode, and a mixed mode. In response to successful access to an unsilenced band allocated to the HARQ acknowledgement, the network device transmits, to the terminal device, a second trigger indicating at least one target terminal device that is to feedback the HARQ acknowledgement based on the feedback mode indicated by the first trigger.

Unlicensed band operation has been studied and applied in 3GPP, for example, Licensed Assist Access (LAA). According to conventional standards, due to the absence of Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) in an unlicensed band and mandatory presence of a licensed primary cell, HARQ acknowledgement (also referred to as HARQ-ACK) is delivered on the licensed cell.
Newly-developed mobile standards, for example, a New Radio (NR) system, support unlicensed band operation, especially, feedback of HARQ-ACK on the unlicensed band. In an example scenario in NR, the feedback of HARQ-ACK is standalone deployment, which means that no licensed band is involved in the feedback. Thus, there is a need for a scheme to feedback the HARQ-ACK on unlicensed band.


Disclosed is a vacuum cleaner including a flow path to guide air suctioned or discharged and a resonator connected to the flow path. The resonator is configured to change a resonance frequency to be canceled. Therefore, when the noise generated by changing operation modes of the vacuum cleaner is changed, the noise may be cancelled by changing the resonance frequency of the resonator.

In general, a vacuum cleaner is an apparatus configured to perform a clean by suctioning foreign materials, e.g., dust together with air using a suction force generated by a fan rotated by a motor, and by collecting the dust by separating the foreign materials contained in the suctioned air from the air.
The vacuum cleaner includes a general vacuum cleaner configured to perform a clean such that a user moves it by directly applying a force and a robot cleaner configured to perform a clean by automatically moving without the user operation.
When the vacuum cleaner performs a clean, the noise is inevitably generated in a process of suctioning and discharging air through a flow path inside the main body.

Vacuum cleaner and control method for the same


An analysis tool extracts class data from Java objects within a potential plagiarizing Java program and the original Java program, and then compares classes common to the potential plagiarizing program and the original across various performance metrics. Similarities disclosed by the analysis tool are output for user or programmatic comparison of the matches between the potentially plagiarizing Java program byte code and the original program's byte code.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to computer systems, software architectures and programs, and more particularly to a method, system and computer program product for evaluating Java programs to determine code plagiarism.
2. Description of the Related Art
Java is a robust, portable object-oriented programming language developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc., that is gaining wide acceptance for writing code for the Internet and World Wide Web (hereinafter, "Web"). The nature of Java programming allows programmers to easily decompile Java code and review its source code. As such, competitors are able to obtain software from other vendors and review their source code as part of their process of developing their own Java programs. It is a simple matter for the Java source code itself to be copied into the new software program being developed. This copying of the Java source code infringes on the copyright of the original author of the Java source code. Unfortunately, there are few tools available to discover such code plagiarism, and the typical detection devices that are available are easily fooled when the plagiarizing source code is slightly modified or changed from the original source code.
This difficulty in detecting code plagiarism is further complicated when source code for the infringing software is not available. There are a variety of this obfuscation programs that limit access to source code of a program. Without viewing the original source code, it is extremely difficult to determine if program code has been copied. Using artificial intelligence algorithms, software can analyze source code for keywords, patterns, and compare them to known software programs. If duplication of a known software program is found within a certain probability, the new code is considered to be copied or duplicated. However, such a technique has hereto only been capable of detecting such patterns in source code.
Accordingly, it would be valuable to provide a tool for detecting code plagiarism and intellectual property infringement of a java program, even when the original code has been modified somewhat by the plagiarist. Such a tool would have particular value if you could detect code plagiarism even if the Java source code was not available.

Method, system and program product for determining java software code plagiarism and infringement

International Business Machines Corporation


The present invention provides granules containing one or more bleaching catalysts selected from the group of manganese salts or manganese complexes and at least one binder selected from the group of acid organic compounds coated with 0.1 to 3% by weight, referring to the total amount of the granules, with a polyvinyl alcohol-containing coating, wherein the coating comprises at least 80% of polyvinyl alcohol or mixtures thereof, in relation to the total weight of the coating.

To obtain spotless dishes, in dishwashing agents persalts, such as perborates and percarbonates, are used for cleaning. To activate these bleaching agents and to achieve a satisfactory bleaching effect when cleaning at temperatures of 60° C. and below, the dishwashing agents usually contain in addition bleaching activators and/or bleaching catalysts.
Bleaching catalysts and/or bleaching activators are used in dishwashing agents preferably in the form of prefabricated granulates to increase their storage stability. In addition to the active ingredients, these granulates usually contain binders. Bleaching granulates are, for example, described in EP 0 985 728 A1, WO 2007/012451 A1, WO 2010/115581 A1, WO 2010/115582 A1, WO 2014/198368 A1, and WO 2014/198369 A1.
It is also known to coat these granules to increase their storage stability. The amount of coating is usually between 1 and 30% by weight, typically between 5 and 30% by weight. Fatty acids, alcohol ethoxylates and film-forming polymers, including polyvinyl alcohol, are proposed as material for the formation of coatings.
DE 2263939 describes bleaching activators containing tablets which are coated with up to 5% by weight of film-forming water-soluble polymers, contain up to 15% by weight of a water-soluble or swellable starch or carboxymethyl starch and up to 1.5% by weight of Mg or Ca salts of saturated C16-C20 fatty acids. Bleaching catalysts are not included in these tablets.
DE 199 16 187 A1 describes granular bleaching activators from the class of N-acyl and O-acyl compounds containing bleaching aids. These contain at least one granulation aid from the polyvinyl alcohol class. Bleaching catalysts are not included in these granules.
DE 10 2009 017 724 A1 describes bleaching agent co-granulates, which contain besides bleach activators and metal-containing bleaching catalysts in addition at least 3% by weight of one or more organic acids. These co-granulates can optionally be overcoated. As coating materials different substances are used, which are also used as binders. In addition to various film-forming polymers, including polyvinyl alcohol, fatty acids are also mentioned.

Coated granules, use thereof, and washing and cleaning agents containing same


Provided is a fuel pump module for a vehicle includes: a flange assembly positioned at a top portion of a fuel tank; a reservoir body assembly positioned at an inner bottom portion of the fuel tank; and a guide rod connecting the flange assembly and the reservoir body assembly to each other, wherein the reservoir body assembly includes: a fuel pump forcibly supplying fuel in the fuel tank to an engine; and a filter having a column shape in which it includes a hollow having the fuel pump positioned therein, installed in a form in which it is inserted into a case forming an appearance of the reservoir body assembly and having the fuel pump installed therein, and installed to allow the fuel before passing through the fuel pump to pass therethrough, thereby filtering foreign materials included in the fuel.

A vehicle driven by receiving liquid fuel, such as a gasoline engine or a diesel engine, is provided with a fuel tank in which fuel is stored.
In addition, the vehicle is provided with a fuel pump module forcibly supplying the fuel filled in the fuel tank to the engine.
Generally, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the fuel pump module is configured to include a flange assembly 1, a reservoir body assembly 2, a guide rod 3 connecting the flange assembly and the reservoir body assembly to each other, a spring 4 positioned at an outer side of the guide rod 3, and a filter (a primary filter 5a and a secondary filter 5b) filtering foreign materials included in the fuel tank.
This structure may be confirmed in Korean Utility Model Application No. 20-1997-0016877 (Korean Utility Model Registration No. 20-0160774), or the like.
In most cases, the flange assembly 1 is fixed to an inlet portion of the fuel tank and the reservoir body assembly 2 is positioned at the bottom of the fuel tank.
In addition, the guide rod, which connects the flange assembly and the reservoir body assembly to each other while guiding movement of the spring, is configured to slidably move to an inner side of the reservoir body assembly.
Further, the spring is positioned at the outer side of the guide rod, and is positioned between the flange assembly and the reservoir body assembly to allow the reservoir body assembly to be always positioned on the bottom of the fuel tank.
Further, the filter is configured of a primary filter 5a filtering foreign materials in the fuel before being supplied to the fuel pump and a secondary filter 5b filtering foreign materials in the fuel passing through the fuel pump 7.
In addition, the secondary filter 5b is an in-tank filter having a form in which it is embedded in a case including an upper case and a lower case.
The reason why the fuel pump module includes both of the primary and secondary filters is to minimize a load acting on the fuel pump, or the like, which is increased as sizes of the foreign materials capable of being filtered by the filter become small, and improve filtering efficiency.
However, even though the fuel pump module is implemented to include the primary and secondary filters as described above, since there is a limitation in increasing a size of the primary filter in view of characteristics of the fuel pump module and the secondary filter has an in-tank filter form, necessity for a structure capable of increasing a lifespan while further improving filtering efficiency has been increased.
In addition, the secondary filter having the in-tank filter form may be damaged while being used, such as generation of a swelling phenomenon, or the like, due to high temperature and high pressure, and it is inconvenient to replace and repair the secondary filter.
Meanwhile, according to the related art, the guide rod is made only of a metal, such that a material cost, a labor cost, and the like, increase, thereby making payability bad.
Particularly, lengths of the guide rods are different from each other according to a specification of the fuel pump module. Therefore, since manufacturers should secure guide rods having various lengths in order to provide guide rods appropriate for each fuel pump module, an economical burden increases.
In addition, since the guide rod is relatively stronger than the flange assembly or the reservoir body assembly that is made of a synthetic resin material due to characteristics of a material thereof, a shear inducing part allowing damage to be generated in order to prevent leakage of the fuel in a situation such as generation of traffic accident, or the like, is formed at the flange assembly, such that a cost required for repairing and replacing the fuel pump module increases.
Further, a snap ring for assembling the guide rod to the flange assembly and the reservoir body assembly is required, and a groove for installing the snap ring should be formed in the guide rod.

Fuel pump module for vehicle having excellent filtering efficiency


Disclosed herein is a multilayer type power inductor including: a plurality of body layers including internal electrodes and having magnetic material layers stacked therein; and a plurality of gap layers, wherein the gap layer has an asymmetrical structure. In the multilayer type power inductor, portions that are in contact with the body layers have, a non-porous structure, which is a dense structure, and portions that are not in contact with the body layers have a porous structure, such that the gap layer has the asymmetrical structure. Therefore, a magnetic flux propagation path in a coil is dispersed to suppress magnetization at a high current, thereby making it possible to improve a change in inductance (L) value according to the application of current.

1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to a multilayer type power inductor, and more particularly, to a multilayer type power inductor having improved temperature characteristics by including a gap layer having an asymmetrical structure.
2. Description of the Related Art
A multilayer type power inductor is mainly used in a power supply circuit such as a DC-DC converter within a portable device. A multilayer type power inductor having a small size, a high current, a low DC resistance, or the like, has been mainly developed. In accordance with the trend for a DC-DC converter having a high frequency and a small size, the use of the multilayer type power inductor instead of the existing wire-wound type choke coil according to the related art has increased.
In the case of the multilayer type power inductor, magnetic saturation of the inductor is materially/structurally suppressed, such that the inductor may be used at a high current. The multilayer type power inductor has a disadvantage in that a change in inductance (L) value according to the application of current thereto is larger; however, has an advantage in that it has a smaller size and a thinner thickness and is also advantageous in terms of a DC resistance, as compared to the wire-wound type power inductor (See FIG. 1).
A power inductor having a small change in inductance value with respect to a used current has been required. Particularly, a power inductor capable of being operated from a low temperature of −55° C. to a high temperature of +125° C. and having a small change in inductance value with respect to a temperature has been increasingly required.
Particularly, the wire-wound type power inductor has a small change in inductance (L) value according to the application of current thereto. Also in the multilayer type power inductor, an effort for implementing the small change in inductance (L) value according to the application of current has been conducted. For this, it has been shown that factors such as a composition of a material, a micro-structure, a structural design, or the like, are important. In other words, the multilayer type power inductor has a disadvantage in that a change in inductance (L) values according to the application of current thereto is larger, as compared to the wire-wound type power inductor. This is the reason that the wire-wound type power inductor has structurally a larger open magnetic path effect.
Therefore, in the multilayer type power inductor, it is important to improve change characteristics in inductance (L) value according to the application of current. Currently, a gap layer has been partially included in an inner structure of the multilayer type power inductor to cut a magnetic flux, thereby improving the change characteristics in inductance (L) value according to the application of current. On the other hand, the multilayer type power inductor has a simple structure, a small size, and a thin thickness, and is advantageous in securing price competitiveness.
A structure of a general multilayer type power inductor that is currently being used is shown in FIG. 2. Referring to FIG. 2, internal electrodes 10 are formed and a gap layer 30 is inserted into a body 20 made of a ferrite material to block a magnetic flux, thereby decreasing a change in inductance value according to the application of current. Then, firing is performed at a temperature of about 900° C., external electrodes 40 are formed, and plating is then performed, such that a plating layer 50 is formed.
However, this multilayer type power inductor has a disadvantage in that a change in inductance value according to the application of current thereto is large according to a change in temperature, such that temperature stability is low. This is the reason that temperature characteristics change due to diffusion according to a temperature because copper (Cu)-substituted Zn-ferrite is used as a non-magnetic material, which is a material of the gap layer.
The basic concept of design for the multilayer type power inductor is that even though the efficiency of a coil decreases, change characteristics in inductance value according to the application of current (hereinafter, DC bias characteristics) is allowed to be improved, such that a change in inductance (L) value according to the application of current is maximally suppressed.
The smaller the change in inductance (L) value the application of current is, the more excellent the DC bias characteristics become. The lower the inductance (L) value is, the larger the ripple of an output voltage becomes and the lower the efficiency becomes. The lower a DC resistance is, the higher the efficiency becomes. Particularly, the efficiency becomes high at a high current. Changes in inductance (L) value according to the application of current at each temperature are measured. In this case, it is preferable that the change in inductance (L) value according to the application of current at each temperature is small.
The DC-bias characteristics of a chip inductor are a function of characteristics of a material and a coil structure. First, in the case of materials having the same-magnetic permeability, the higher the saturation magnetization (Ms) of the material is, the more excellent the DC-bias characteristics may become. Therefore, basically, a material having excellent DC-bias characteristics need to be selected at the time of selection of a composition. There is also a need to consider a grain size. Generally, the DC-bias characteristics are excellent at a small grain size. Since density of a material itself and density of an electronic spin are in proportion to each other, it is also necessary to decrease pores of the material in order to improve the DC-bias characteristics.
Meanwhile, the DC-bias characteristics of the material may change according to a magnetic permeability. That is, the lower the magnetic permeability is, the more excellent the DC-bias characteristics may become. However, the turn number of the coil need to be increased in order to implement the same inductance. In this case, since a magnetic flux flowing in the coil increases, an effect in which the magnetic saturation of the material is delayed decreases by half.
Whether or not there is really a merit in this case may be predicted from a magnetic circuit equation. For convenience, it is assumed that a change rate in material according to the magnetic saturation corresponds to a function of a magnetic flux. The following Equation 1 is obtained from the magnetic circuit equation.
                    L        =                              N            2                                R            f                                              [                  Equation                                                              1                ]
In Equation 1, L indicates an inductance value, N indicates the turn number of the coil, and Rf indicates a resistance value of ferrite.
Since Rf increases when the magnetic permeability is different, capacitance need to be adjusted by increasing the turn number (N).
When magnetic resistance values in a high magnetic permeability coil (Coil 1) in a structure shown in FIG. 3A and a low magnetic permeability coil (Coil 2) in a structure shown in FIG. 3B are expressed as R1 and R2 and variables according to a change in structure are expressed as N1 and N2, the following Equation 2 is obtained.
                    L        =                                            N              1              2                                      R              1                                =                                                                      N                  2                  2                                                  R                  2                                            →                              R                2                                      =                                                            (                                                            N                      2                                                              N                      1                                                        )                                2                                                          R                1                                                                        [                  Equation                                                              2                ]
On the other hand, a magnetic flux flowing in a material itself is a function of the turn number and the magnetic resistance value. Therefore, magnitudes of the magnetic fluxes in each of the structures may be compared with each/other from the following Equation 3.
                                          ϕ            1                    =                      NI                          R              1                                                                                ϕ            2                    =                                                                      N                  2                                                I                                            R                2                                      =                                                                                N                      2                                                            I                                                        R                    1                                                                                (                                                                  N                        1                                                                    N                        2                                                              )                                    2                                            =                                                                                N                        1                                                                  I                                                              R                      1                                                        ·                                      (                                                                  N                        1                                                                    N                        2                                                              )                                                  =                                                      ϕ                    1                                    ·                                      (                                                                  N                        1                                                                    N                        2                                                              )                                                                                [                  Equation                                                              3                ]
Since N1<N2, the magnetic flux flowing in the Coil 2 is actually smaller than the magnetic flux flowing in the Coil 1. Therefore, it is predicted that a change rate in magnetic permeability will be smaller and DC-bias characteristics will be more excellent in the Coil 2 than in the Coil 1.
In a multilayer type power inductor having a gap layer inserted thereinto as shown in FIG. 4, an effect of the gap layer will be described. When a magnetic material structure of a magnetic circuit is cut by a non-magnetic material or an air gap, a magnetic resistance increases, such that a magnitude of a magnetic flux flowing in the magnetic circuit decreases. Therefore, an effective magnetic permeability decreases, and an inductance decreases accordingly. However, a change in inductance (L) value becomes significantly small. This influence is expressed by the following Equation 4.
                                          Δ                                                                                L              e                                            L            e                          ≈                                            Δ                                                                                μ                r                                                    μ              r                                                                    (                                                μ                  e                                                  μ                  r                                            )                        2                                              [                  Equation                                                              4                ]
Therefore, when the effective magnetic permeability decreases by the gap layer made of the non-magnetic material, the DC-bias characteristics are improved by square of the effective magnetic permeability.
When there is the gap layer, the inductance may be expressed by the following Equation 5.
                    L        =                              N            2                                              R              g                        +                          R              f                                                          [                  Equation                                                              5                ]
In Equation 5, Rg indicates a magnetic resistance of the gap layer and Rf indicates a magnetic resistance of the ferrite.
Here, when the coil is perfectly designed and a cross sectional area in a magnetic flux path is constant, a relationship between a magnetic permeability and a magnetic resistance of the ferrite may be expressed by the following Equation 6 and Equation 7.
                              R          f                =                                            l              e                                                      μ                r                                                          μ                o                                                          S                e                                              =                      A                          μ              r                                                          [                  Equation                                                              6                ]                                L        =                              N            2                                              R              g                        +                          A              /                              μ                r                                                                        [                  Equation                                                              7                ]
In Equation 6 and Equation 7, le indicates an effective path of the magnetic flux, Se indicates an effective cross sectional area of the magnetic flux, and A is a constant.
Therefore, in the case of the general inductor, a change in inductance value is in direct proportion to the magnetic permeability; however, in the case of the inductor including the gap layer, Rg is significantly larger than Rf, such that a change in magnetic permeability does not significantly have an influence on the inductance.
As described above in detail, the power inductor has the gap layer inserted thereinto, such that the DC-bias characteristics of the power inductor may be significantly improved.
However, when the power inductor is actually used, the DC-bias characteristics according to a change in temperature (hereinafter, referred to as Bias-TCL) as well as the DC-bias characteristics at a room temperature need to be excellent.
FIG. 5A shows a case in which a change in inductance value is significantly small after currents measured at each temperature are applied; and FIG. 5B shows a case in which bias-TCL characteristics according to a temperature are deteriorated. When the power inductor has the deteriorated DC-bias characteristics as shown in a graph of FIG. 5B, it is difficult to use the power inductor in a DC-DC converter.
The bias-TCL according to a temperature is in correlation with a kind of material used in the gap layer. As a material of the existing gap layer, ZnCu-ferrite in which ZnO is substituted with a small amount of CuO in Zn-ferrite (ZnFe2O4) is used. Since the material of the gap layer is the non-magnetic material, it is preferable that ferrite having a significantly low Curie temperature to thereby have non-magnetism at a room temperature is appropriate to be used as the material of the gap layer. For example, the Zn-ferrite (ZnFe2O4) is appropriate to be used as the material of the gap layer because it has a significantly low Curie temperature of 35 K or less.
However, there is a disadvantage in that it is difficult to sinter the Zn-ferrite at a temperature of 900° C. or less. Generally, in the multilayer type power inductor, silver (Ag) is used as a material of an internal electrode. Since the silver has a melting point of 961° C., sintering need to be performed at a temperature of about 900° C. However, the Zn-ferrite is not well sintered at the temperature of about 900° C. Therefore, in order to improve sinterability, ZnO is substituted with a small amount of CuO in Zn-ferrite (ZnFe2O4) in the Zn-ferrite, such that the sintering may be performed at the temperature of about 900° C.
In addition, since ZnCu ferrite has a spinel structure in which it does not have a lattice mismatch with NiZnCu ferrite used as a material of the body, it may decrease delamination that may be generated at the time of sintering of the multilayer type power inductor.
However, the ZnCu ferrite is not a complete non-magnetic material, has a Curie temperature of a room temperature or less, and shows non-magnetic material characteristics at the room temperature. However, a thickness of the non magnetic material decreases due to the diffusion of Ni and Cu at the time of firing (See FIG. 6).
In addition, as shown in FIG. 6, Ni is diffused to the gap layer and enters the gap layer at the time of firing and positions to which Ni is diffused have magnetism, such that the entire thickness of the gap layer made of the non-magnetic material decreases. The decrease in thickness of the gap layer is generated because positions having different Curie temperatures according to a temperature are generated, such that a thickness of the gap layer made of the non-magnetic material according to the temperature changes as shown in FIG. 7.
When the thickness of the gap layer made of the non-magnetic material increases, the DC-bias characteristics are improved, and when it decreases, the DC-bias characteristics are deteriorated. Therefore, in order to use the ferrite non-magnetic material, a gap layer capable of suppressing this diffusion is needed. Mutual diffusion between the magnetic material ferrite of the body and the non-magnetic material ferrite is generated, thereby making it possible to deteriorate characteristics of the power inductor.
Meanwhile, the power inductor according to the related art is the multilayer type power inductor having a structure as shown in FIG. 4 and is made of a ferrite sheet. Here, NiZnCu ferrite having ferrimagnetism is used as a material of the body.
Non-magnetic material ferrite (generally, ZnCu ferrite) having ferrimagnetism is used in the entire surface sheet gap or an open sheet gap as a material of the gap layer. Firing is performed at a temperature of about 900° C., external electrodes are formed, and plating is then performed.
However, the multilayer type power inductor according to the related art in which the gap layer is made of the ZnCu ferrite has the following problems.
(1) An Ni component contained in the NiZnCu ferrite, which is a material of the body, is diffused into the gap layer and a Zn component of the gap layer is diffused into the body, such that a thickness of the gap layer made of the non-magnetic material decreases. When the thickness of the gap layer made of the non-magnetic material decreases, the DC-bias characteristics may be deteriorated.
Therefore, since the thickness of the gap layer made of the non-magnetic material need to be increased in order to improve the DC-bias characteristics, a gap sheet inserted before sintering need to have a thick thickness. However, when the gap sheet having the thick thickness is used, a thickness (at direction) of the multilayer type power inductor increases.
(2) A predetermined level of magnetic flux is blocked; however, there is a risk of delamination due to a difference in contraction percentage between the ZnCu ferrite and the ferrite material of the body at the time of sintering and stress may be generated in an inner portion of the power inductor.
(3) The bias-TCL characteristics are deteriorated due to the diffusion of the gap layer.


Systems and methods are disclosed to search for a query image, by detecting local invariant features and local descriptors; retrieving best matching images by quantizing the local descriptors with a vocabulary tree; and reordering retrieved images with results from the vocabulary tree quantization.

The present application relates to systems and methods for image retrieval.
Retrieval of visually similar images from large databases is becoming important for many commercial applications. In one exemplary application, query images are captured by phone cameras and compared against a database with millions of original digital copies with a single image for each object. This scenario presents some unique challenges: the digital copies may appear quite different from their physical counterparts, especially because of lighting, reflections, motion and out-of-focus blur, not to mention significant viewpoint variations.
In terms of the methodologies and features, recent large-scale image retrieval algorithms may be categorized into two lines: 1) compact hashing of global features; and 2) efficient indexing of local features by a vocabulary tree. Global features such as GIST features or color histograms delineate the holistic contents of images, which can be compactly indexed by binary codes or hashing functions. Thus, the retrieval is very efficient on both computation and memory usage though it is unable to attend to the details of images. In the other line of work, images are represented by a bag of local invariant features which are quantized into visual words by a huge vocabulary tree. This vocabulary tree based retrieval is very capable of finding near-duplicate images, i.e., images of the same objects or scenes undergoing different capturing conditions, at the cost of memory usage for the inverted indexes of a large number of visual words.
In the large hierarchical vocabulary tree, local features are encoded into a bag-of-words (BoW) histogram with millions of visual words. This histogram is so sparse that inverted index files are well suited to implement the indexing and searching efficiently. Visual words are conventionally weighted by the TF-IDF (term frequency-inverse document frequency), where the IDF reflects their discriminative abilities in database images and the TF indicates their importance in a query image. Only the feature descriptors, without the scale and orientation, are used in this method.
In the vocabulary tree based image retrieval, since images are essentially represented by a bag of orderless visual words, the geometric relations of the local features or their spatial layout are largely ignored. Therefore, a post re-ranking procedure is often employed to re-order the retrieved candidate images by verifying the geometrical consistency against the query image in order to further improve the retrieval precision. Usually, in the geometrical re-ranking, the local feature descriptors of two images are first matched reliably using conventional methods, then a RANSAC procedure can be employed to fit a global affine transform. The candidate images are re-ranked according to the number of inliers in the RANSAC or fitting errors. This conventional re-ranking approach confronts by two issues. First, this procedure is generally computational intensive because it operates on the high dimensional descriptors. The running time could be even longer than the retrieval. Second, the assumption of a global affine transform between two image may not hold, e.g., for images of a 3D object from different view angles.

Contextual weighting and efficient re-ranking for vocabulary tree based image retrieval


This invention provides conformal antenna structures, how to make and use the antenna structures, and systems in which the antenna structures may be used for biometric sensing of humans and other animals. The antenna structures of the invention includes at least one relatively flexible section connecting relatively rigid sections. The relatively flexible section connecting relatively rigid sections may flex so that the relatively rigid sections connected to the relatively flexible section can change orientation relative to one another. This allows the relatively rigid sections to be conformed to a region of a surface of a human or animal that is not flat (that is curved).

This invention relates to biometric sensing of human beings and other animals using wearable devices. We disclose herein a type of antenna useful, for example in the invention disclosed in WO213118121 titled "A microwave contactless heart rate sensor." The entire contents of WO/2013/118121 and U.S. provisional application 62/083,981, filed Nov. 25, 2014 titled "Systems, Apparatuses and Methods for Biometric Sensing Using Conformal Flexible Antenna", are incorporated herein by reference.
It has been shown previously that radar technology may be used to estimate heart rates of humans or animals. For example, WIPO Patent Application WO/2013/118121, titled "A Microwave Contactless Heart Rate Sensor," filed on Feb. 7, 2013, and the entire contents of which is incorporated by reference herein, discloses an antenna that radiates radio frequency (RF) fields into tissues.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,031,665 describes a broadband magnetic antenna incorporating a ground plane directing the radiated energy only in one direction. The antenna disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,031,665 is an rigid slot type antenna that has two parallel slots with an additional spacer slot.
The antenna for UWB (Ultra Wide Band) communication described in "A Microstrip-Fed Ultra-Wideband Slot Antenna", Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, APSURSI '09, IEEE, 2009, is bidirectional and rigid.

Systems, apparatuses and methods for biometric sensing using conformal flexible antenna


Forward osmosis membranes having a hydrophilic support layer and a polyamide rejection layer in a thin film composite membrane are considered. Preferred support layer materials include aramid polymers and PVDF. A woven or non-woven mesh can be incorporated into the support layer to improve handling properties of the membrane. Flat sheet and hollow fiber configurations are possible. Antifouling techniques are provided. The polyamide layer can be formed on the hydrophilic support layer by interfacial polymerization. Applications include forward osmosis and pressure retarded osmosis applications, such as industrial product and/or waste concentration, hydration bags, energy/pressure generation, and controlled delivery of chemicals (e.g., for pharmaceutical applications).

Forward osmosis is a process where water flows through a permeable membrane from a solution with relatively high water concentration (feed solution) to a solution with relatively low water concentration (draw solution). Membranes for forward osmosis, and for the related process of pressure retarded osmosis, have been under investigation for many years. However, it remains challenging to provide high water flux in combination with other desirable membrane properties, such as low solute flux, resistance to fouling, good mechanical handling properties, etc. Accordingly, it would be an advance in the art to provide improved membranes for forward osmosis and pressure retarded osmosis.

Thin film composite membranes for forward osmosis, and their preparation methods


Provided is a reservoir having first and second partitions. The first partitions partition a brake reservoir chamber and clutch reservoir chambers. The first partitions extend in a length direction of the vehicle and are formed uprightly along the sidewalls. The second partitions connect the first partitions and the sidewalls adjacent to the first partitions. The second partitions are formed uprightly at middle positions of the respective sidewalls in the length direction of the vehicle. The brake reservoir chamber and the clutch reservoir chambers are formed to face the sidewalls.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a reservoir and a master cylinder that is installed on a vehicle and stores fluid.
This application claims priority to and the benefits of Japanese Patent Application No. 2010-104226 filed on Apr. 28, 2010, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
2. Description of Related Art
As reservoirs installed on a vehicle to store fluid, the one which includes a brake reservoir chamber connected to a brake master cylinder and a clutch reservoir chamber connected to a clutch master cylinder have been known (e.g. see Japanese Patent Unexamined Application, First Publication No. 2008-265561)
In the reservoirs as described above, in order to increase the degree of freedom of fluid discharge, forming the clutch reservoir chambers inside each sidewall of the reservoir which runs parallel to a length direction of the vehicle has been considered. However, in such a case, it may be difficult to obtain good visibility from the outside with respect to the level of stored fluid in the brake reservoir chamber.


An actuator latch of a hard disk drive to lock an actuator so that the actuator does not rotate when a magnetic head installed at the actuator driven by a voice coil motor is positioned on a parking region. The actuator latch has: a locking protrusion installed at the actuator, a latch member rotatably installed on the basis of a predetermined rotation axis, the latch member rotating with the rotation of the actuator when the magnetic head is parked so that a hook intercepts the locking protrusion and prevents it from moving in an opposite direction to a parking side, and a latch member driving unit rotating the latch member to release the locking protrusion from the hook. The actuator latch of a hard disk drive selectively intercepts the movement of the locking protrusion at the actuator so that the actuator is locked and unlocked. The actuator can stay strongly locked and be softly unlocked without any impact.

This application claims the benefit of Korean Application No. 01-29254, filed May 26, 2001, in the Korean Industrial Property Office, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an actuator latch of a hard disk drive to lock a magnetic head in a parking region in a magnetic head transfer mechanism of the hard disk drive.
2. Description of the Related Art
In general, as illustrated in FIG. 1, a hard disk drive includes a hard disk 20 and a magnetic head transfer mechanism. The hard disk 20, in which predetermined data is recorded, is rotatably installed on a base 10. The transfer mechanism transfers a magnetic head 50 to a desired track on the hard disk 20 to record and reproduce data. Here, the hard disk 20 is divided into a recording region 22 to record data and a parking region 21 on which the magnetic head 50 arrives when the rotation of the hard disk 20 stops. The magnetic transfer mechanism includes an actuator 30, a voice coil motor, and a latch. The actuator 30, in which the magnetic head 50 is installed, rotates around a rotation axis 34 on the base 10. The voice coil motor rotates the actuator 30 with an electromagnetic force. The latch locks the actuator 30 after the magnetic head 50 arrives on the parking region 21.
The actuator 30 includes a suspension portion 31, an arm 32, and a bobbin 33. The suspension portion 31 suspends the magnetic head 50. The arm 32 is rotatably combined with the rotation axis 34. A movable coil 35 of the voice coil motor is wound around the bobbin 35. The voice coil motor includes the movable coil 35 and a magnet 41, which is attached to a yoke 40 installed on the base 10 and generates a magnetic flux. The actuator 30 is placed between a pair of the yokes 40, not shown in FIG. 1. An electromagnetic force occurs due to the interaction between the magnetic flux generated by the magnet 41 and current flowing through the movable coil 35. As a result, the actuator 30 rotates in a direction according to Fleming""s left-hand law. The latch locks the actuator 30 so that the actuator 30 does not move after the magnetic head 50 arrives on the parking region 21 as described previously. The latch includes a magnetic member 43, a damper 60, and an iron separation element 61. The magnetic member 43 is installed on the yoke 40 and magnetized by the magnet 41. The damper 60 is inserted into a protrusion 36 at the end of the bobbin 33 of the actuator 30. The iron separation element 61 is coupled to an end of the damper 60. Thus, if the actuator 30 rotates and the magnetic head 50 installed at the suspension portion 31 enters the parking region 21 of the hard disk 20, the iron separation element 61 coupled to one side of the bobbin 33 sticks to the magnetic member 43 as illustrated in FIG. 1. The actuator 30 remains locked due to the magnetic combination of the iron separation element 61 and the magnetic member 43 until the electromagnetic force that rotates the actuator 30 operates again. The reason for locking the actuator 30 will be described below.
The suspension portion 31 to suspend the magnetic head 50 provides an elastic force biasing the magnetic head 50 toward the horizontal plane of the hard disk 20. Thus, the magnetic head 50, to which an external force is not applied, keeps sticking closely on the horizontal plane of the hard disk 20. However, if the rotation of the hard disk 20 begins, air moves around the magnetic head 50 due to the rotation of the hard disk 20. The movement of air generates a lift force that lifts the magnetic head 50 from the horizontal plane of the hard disk 20. Thus, since the hard disk 20 is rotating when data is recorded on or read from the recording region 22 of the hard disk 20, the magnetic head 50 glides a predetermined distance above the horizontal plane of the hard disk 20. Thus, scratches due to the friction between the recording region 22 and the magnetic head 50 do not occur on the recording region 22.
However, if the rotation of the hard disk 20 completely stops as when power is turned off, the lift force that lifts the magnetic head 50 disappears. Thus, the actuator 30 rotates so that the magnetic head 50 is positioned on the parking region 21 before the lift force disappears. As a result, the magnetic head 50 safely arrives in the parking region 21, which is not related to recording and/or reproducing data, and thus does not have a negative effect on the recording region 22 although the lift force disappears as the rotation of the hard disk 20 stops.
However, if the magnetic head 50 is pushed toward the recording region 22 due to an impact after the magnetic head 50 safely arrives on the parking region 21, the magnetic head 50 keeps touching the recording region 22 until the magnetic head 50 is lifted again when the hard disk 20 is re-driven. As a result, scratches may occur on the recording region 22. Hence, in order to solve this problem, the actuator 30 is locked using the latch so that the actuator 30 does not rotate although impact may be inflicted.
However, in this conventional latch, the actuator 30 is locked by a magnetic force which couples the magnetic member 43 to the iron separation element 61. Thus, the actuator 30 is unlocked if a force greater than the magnetic force of the magnetic member 43 is applied. Also, the actuator 30 is unlocked and begins moving when the electromagnetic force generated between the movable coil 35 and the magnet 41 exceeds the combination force due to the magnetic force between the iron separation element 61 and the magnetic member 43 to re-rotate the locked actuator 30. And, if the magnetic combination force between the iron separation element 61 and the magnetic member 43 is too small, the actuator 30 is easily unlocked even by a small impact. If the magnetic combination force between the iron separation element 61 and the magnetic member 43 is too great, the actuator 30 may not be unlocked even if the maximum electromagnetic force occurs to rotate the actuator 30. In the above-described structure, the actuator 30 springs out sharply due to inertia when the actuator 30 is unlocked by overcoming the magnetic combination force. Thus, the protrusion 36 may strongly crash against a stopper 42 opposite to the magnetic member 43. If the actuator 30 crashes against the stopper 42, head slap may occur due to the crash impact. Thus, to prevent the head slap, the application of current to the movable coil 35 is controlled so that the actuator 30 is unlocked and supplied with a damping force.
It is difficult to design a control system since the timing to unlock the actuator 30 and supply the damping force to the actuator 30 is accurately set. Also, due to repetitive locking and unlocking operations, the damper 60 is under continuous stress and it may be destroyed.
Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 2-76368 discloses an actuator which is locked by coupling a magnet of a voice coil motor to a magnetic member at a side of the actuator with a magnetic combination force. The actuator presents the danger of head slap.
Korea Patent Publication No. 99-61734 discloses an actuator which is unlocked by biasing a latch to lock the actuator in a locking direction using a spring and selectively drive the latch in a direction opposite to a spring force using an electromagnet. The locking may not be strongly maintained due to the deterioration of the elasticity of the spring if the actuator is used for a long time.
Japanese Patent Publication No. 9-22568 discloses a latch which is locked and unlocked by a complicated electromagnetic mechanism including a permanent magnet, a low magnetoresistance device, and a coil. There are problems in that the complicated electromagnetic mechanism is additionally installed and occupies a wide space.
Japanese Utility Mode Publication No. 3-5264 discloses a latch which is locked and unlocked by an electromagnetic mechanism including a permanent magnet and an electromagnet. There are problems in that the complicated electromagnetic mechanism is additionally installed and occupies a wide space.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a magnetic head used with a hard disk drive having an improved structure to strongly keep an actuator locked and softly perform operations of locking and unlocking.
Additional objects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
The foregoing and other objects of the present invention are achieved by providing an actuator latch of a hard disk drive to lock an actuator so that the actuator does not rotate when a magnetic head, installed at the actuator and driven by a voice coil motor, is positioned in a parking region. The actuator latch comprises: a locking protrusion installed at the actuator; a latch member rotatably installed on the basis of a predetermined rotation axis, the latch member to rotate with the rotation of the actuator when the magnetic head is parked so that a hook intercepts the locking protrusion and prevents it from moving in an opposite direction to a parking side; and a latch member driving unit to rotate the latch member to release the locking protrusion from the hook.


A component mounting machine is provided with a suction nozzle including a nozzle suction surface, a camera acquiring nozzle imaged data of a tip end of the suction nozzle, and a control device determining the quality of a nozzle suction surface.

PTL 1 (JP-A-2007-123807) discloses a component transfer device that suctions and transfers an electronic component. The component transfer device is provided with a suction nozzle that suctions the electronic component, a side image capturing camera, an image memory, and an arithmetic means. The side image capturing camera images a single suction nozzle to which an electronic component is not suctioned and a suction nozzle in an electronic component suction state. The image memory stores image data of a single electronic component in which an electronic component is imaged from a lateral side, and image data of a single suction nozzle in which a suction nozzle to which an electronic component is not suctioned is imaged from a lateral side. The arithmetic means generates difference image data from a difference between image data of a suction nozzle in an electronic component suction state and image data of a single suction nozzle. The arithmetic means executes quality determination of a suction surface of a suction nozzle by comparing difference image data and image data of a single electronic component.


Embodiments of the invention determine if a user preference or other piece of data is being synchronized too frequently. If the user preference is being synchronized too frequently, synchronization of the user preference is throttled to prevent it from synchronizing for some number of synchronization cycles. If the user preference rarely changes, the user preference is rewarded by throttling it less often.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a synchronization process 100 between a local system 107 and a remote system 101. User data 109 on local system 107 is synchronized with user data 103 on remote system 101 through network 105. Network 105 may be a LAN, WAN, internet, an intranet, a cellular data network, etc.
Each time a synchronization occurs between systems 101 and 107, data is transferred between the systems through network 105. Data transfers are costly and require power to send the data, money to pay for bandwidth, etc.
Some user data changes frequently and requires synchronization every time the synchronization process executes. Some frequently changing data is not very important, but incurs the same cost as other more important data. Synchronization of unimportant and/or frequently changing data is prevented by an exclusionary list, but this requires at least one person to maintain the list.

Throttling to reduce synchronizations of excessively changing data


A subsea valve system for use in a subsea landing string includes a subsea valve and an external manifold in fluid communication with the subsea valve. The external manifold includes a cylinder, a split manifold piston, an above bore inlet that is configured to be exposed to an above bore pressure, a below bore inlet that is configured to be exposed to a below bore pressure, and an open chamber outlet. The split manifold piston is configured to move within the cylinder to fluidly couple the above bore inlet to the open chamber outlet to enable pump through functionality while a respective force exerted on the manifold piston by the above bore pressure is greater than a respective force exerted on the manifold piston by the below bore pressure.

This section is intended to introduce the reader to various aspects of art that may be related to various aspects of the present disclosure, which are described and/or claimed below. This discussion is believed to be helpful in providing the reader with background information to facilitate a better understanding of the various aspects of the present disclosure. Accordingly, it should be understood that these statements are to be read in this light, and not as admissions of prior art.
In subsea operations, hydrocarbon fluids (e.g., oil and natural gas) are obtained from a subterranean geologic formation, referred to as a reservoir, by drilling a well that penetrates the subterranean geologic formation. In some subsea operations, a valve (e.g., ball valve) in a subsea landing string may incorporate pump through functionality, which enables an operator to kill the well in the event a control line pressure from an umbilical is lost and/or may be used to equalize pressure to prevent an underbalanced situation prior to opening the valve. Generally, this pump through functionality is incorporated in a valve piston that is located within a housing of the valve by referencing above and below bore pressures. A differential between the above and below bore pressures acts on the valve piston to overcome friction from valve seals and a valve operating mechanism; however, it is important to ensure that the differential is small to block damage to a seal (e.g., ball seal) of the valve.

Pump through functionality in subsea valves using external manifold


The present disclosure relates to C-glycoside derivatives having a fused phenyl ring or pharmaceutical acceptable salts thereof, a method for preparing the same, a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same, a use thereof and a method for dual inhibition of SGLT1 and SGLT2 using the same. A novel compound of the present disclosure has a dual inhibitory activity against SGLT1 and SGLT2, thus being valuably used as a diabetes therapeutic agent.

Diabetes is a disease, which develops complications such as abnormalities of peripheral nerves and autonomic nerves, disease symptoms of eyes, feet and kidneys, vascular diseases or the like due to an increase in blood sugar caused by a decline in insulin secretion and functions.
It is known that diabetes is generally divided into two types: Type I and Type II. Type I often occurs to children mainly due to congenital factors and requires such patients to get an insulin injection throughout the whole lifetime due to a failure of pancreas in secreting insulin, and also maintain a blood sugar in an appropriate level through a diet therapy and periodical examination. Type II mainly occurs to adults in a state that an insulin secretion declines or an insulin resistance grows enough to prevent cells from reacting to insulin due to life styles such as dietary habits, lack of exercise, obesity, etc., as well as environmental factors, wherein this type of disease accounts for 90 to 95% of 285 million patients with diabetes worldwide. Patients with type II diabetes may adjust a blood sugar through a weight loss, healthy diet and exercise, but their symptoms deteriorate due to characteristics of this progressive disease. Thus, patients have no choice but to get an insulin shot and main symptoms are polyuria, thirst, lethargy, hyperorexia, weight loss, etc., caused by a high blood sugar.
As a drug used for treating diabetes, there are roughly insulin and an oral hypoglycemic agent. Type I diabetes uses an insulin injection, while type II diabetes uses the oral hypoglycemic agent alone or in combination with insulin. As the oral hypoglycemic agent in current use, there are sulfonylurea and meglitinide drugs for stimulating insulin secretion, biguanide (metformin) and thiazolidine dione (PPAR-γ) drugs for improving insulin sensitivity, an α-glucosidase inhibitor drug for inhibiting a digestion of carbohydrates, a DPP-4 inhibitor, which is an incretin-based preparation, an SGLT2 inhibitor for preventing glucose reabsorption, etc. Despite a prescription of such oral hypoglycemic agent, many patients find it difficult to reduce glycated hemoglobin down to a target level or less. Meanwhile, in a study on diabetes patients for adjusting vascular risk factors, only 37% of those participants were able to achieve a level of glycated hemoglobin at less than 7.0% (Saydah, S. H. et. al., J. Am. Med. Assoc. 2004, 291, 335-342). Also, existing oral hypoglycemic agents exhibit side effects such as gastroenteric trouble, hypoglycemia, weight gain, lactic acidosis, edema, cardiotoxicity and hepatotoxicity along with limited durability of medicinal effects. Thus, there still remains a medical demand in the oral hypoglycemic agent field, wherein it is urgent to develop a fast-acting therapeutic agent of a new mechanism, which has excellent efficacy and durability of medicinal effects, safety and good drug tolerance, in particular without causing hypoglycemia. Therefore, much attention has been paid to a development of SGLT2 inhibitors as an oral preparation of a new mechanism, wherein it is not related to insulin, but has appropriate efficacy while being capable of reducing a weight.
A sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT), which is a transporter serving to absorb glucose in our body, is divided into 6 subtypes and expressed in several regions of our body, wherein the SGLT1 is mainly expressed in intestines and kidneys, while the SGLT2 is mainly expressed in kidneys. Also, the SGLT1 has a high affinity with glucose, but has a low transportation ability, while the SGLT2 has a low affinity with glucose, but has a high transportation ability. Healthy people reabsorb 99% of glucose filtered from the glomerulus of kidney, while excreting only 1% or less thereof in urine, wherein such glucose is reabsorbed at a ratio of 90% and 10% by means of SGLT2 and SGLT1, respectively. However, patients with type II diabetes have a high degree of expression of SGLT1 and SGLT2, thus have an increase in glucose absorption by means of SGLT1 in intestines and in glucose reabsorption by means of SGLT1/2 in kidneys, which results in a factor for increasing a blood sugar. Thus, there has been a development in hypoglycemic agents of a new mechanism, wherein a blood sugar is normalized through an SGLT1/2 inhibition, so as to recover an insulin secretion of pancreas and improve an insulin resistance in muscle and liver.
Phloridzin is extracted from the bark of apple tree and is a substance first evaluated as an SGLT inhibitor, wherein it has an antidiabetic efficacy, but has a low oral absorptivity and is metabolized in intestinal tracts to cause gastroenteric troubles or diarrhea, such that it has not been developed yet as a drug. Also, T-1095 was developed in 1990's as an orally absorbed SGLT2 drug by Tanabe Seiyaku, but its development was stopped in a clinical phase II, and sergliflozin or remogliflozin, which were O-glocoside having a similar structure thereto, were stopped in a clinical phase II of development. A C-glucoside drug was started to be developed in order to avoid a metabolism by means of β-glucosidase, which was a weak point of the O-glucoside drug.
As Bristol-Myers Squibb launched a clinical test on dapagliflozin in 2004, many pharmaceutical companies started to develop a drug in this series. Then, such dapagliflozin got a first permission for marketing in Europe in 2012, after which canagliflozin (Johnson & Johnson, Mitsubishi Tanabe) received a first permission for marketing in the United States in 2013, and then dapagliflozin and empagliflozin (Boehringer-Ingelheim) did so in the U.S. while ipragliflozin (Astellas), luseogliflozin (Taisho) and tofogliflozin (Chugai) did so in Japan, respectively. Meanwhile, the SGLT1 is known to play an important role in absorption of glucose and galactose in small intestines as well as in reabsorption of glucose in kidney (Levin, R. J., Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1994, 59(3), 690S-698S). Accordingly, it is thought that the absorption of glucose may be inhibited in small intestines and the reabsorption of glucose may be inhibited in kidney by means of SGLT1 inhibition, thus exhibiting an efficacy on blood sugar control. Thus, an SGLT1/2 dual inhibitor may become a novel mechanism for treating diabetes, wherein sotagliflozin, an SGLT1/2 dual inhibitor, is now in a clinical phase III for type I diabetes and in preparation for a clinical phase III for type II diabetes, while LIK-066, an SGLT1/2 dual inhibitor of Novartis, is now in a clinical phase II, too.

C-glucoside derivative containing fused phenyl ring or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, process for preparing same, and pharmaceutical composition comprising same