A printing method for a laser beam printer, including: generating a first video signal for printing a document image; converting the first video signal into a second video signal when a fast printing mode is selected; generating a driving signal for the fast printing mode and rotating a drum in response to the driving signal; and generating a laser beam in response to the second video signal and irradiating the laser beam onto the drum.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a fast printing method and apparatus for a laser beam printer, and more particularly, to a printing method by which documents can be printed at an increased speed when a user selects a fast printing mode.
2. Description of Related Art
The printing speed of a laser beam printer depends on the output speed of a printer engine, measured mostly in pages per minute (PPM).
FIG. 1A is a waveform diagram of video pulses provided to a conventional printer for printing documents and FIG. 1B is a diagram illustrating a dot arrangement corresponding to the waveform of the video pulses shown in FIG. 1A. The conventional printer includes a video controller and a printer engine. The video controller outputs video pulse signals for document images, and the printer engine receives the video pulse signals and prints the document images on sheets of paper.
As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, if a video pulse signal having a waveform shown in FIG. 1A is provided to a laser scanning unit (LSU) located in the printer engine, a laser beam is irradiated on a drum by the LSU. Then, toner particles are fused onto the drum, thus forming dots on the drum, as shown in FIG. 1B. Thereafter, the dots are finally printed on a sheet of paper.
In other words, if video signals having uniform pulses are sequentially input into the LSU for the dots of FIG. 1B to be printed out on a sheet of paper, a certain amount of toner is fused onto the drum to form each of the dots. Each of the dots to be printed out has a value of '1' or '0'. When a dot has a value of '1', one pulse is generated. On the other hand, when the dot has a value of '0', no pulse is generated.
In FIG. 1A, each horizontal line indicates a print line. A series of video pulse signals is generated for each print line, and then the series of video pulse signals is scanned in a specified area using a horizontal synchronization signal (HSYNC). The location of each print line is determined by rotating a motor connected to the drum, the frequency of which depending on the printer engine's speed.
However, in the above-described conventional printing method, documents can only be printed at a specified printing speed, irrespective of whether or not the documents contain rather complicated forms and contents to be printed. Therefore, materials, such as texts, which are considered easy to print, can never be printed out at faster speeds than the specified printing speed, even though a user wants to quickly print the documents.

Printing method with selectable fast printing mode and apparatus for same


A method for manufacturing a printed wiring board including forming an insulative resin layer containing a resin and an inorganic filler, forming a conductor layer including a conductive material and having a conductor on the insulative resin layer, irradiating a laser beam upon the conductor of the conductor layer such that the conductor is sectioned or a width of the conductor is narrowed, and forming a conductive pattern on the insulative resin layer. The inorganic filler is in an amount of 30 wt. % or more of the insulative resin layer.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a printed wiring board having a conductive pattern on an insulative resin layer and to its manufacturing method.
2. Discussion of the Background
In Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2001-102695, a method is described in which conductive film on a ceramic substrate is irradiated by a laser such as a YAG laser, an excimer laser or the like so that the conductive film is sectioned. The contents of Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2001-102695 are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety in this application.

Method for manufacturing printed wiring board


An approach for converting a synchronous generator to a synchronous condenser is disclosed. In one aspect, a variable frequency driver is used to provide a starting power source to accelerate a synchronous generator decoupled from a turbine to an operational speed to act as a synchronous condenser. In another aspect, the synchronous condenser can be recoupled back to the turbine to form the synchronous generator.

The present invention relates generally to synchronous machines and more particularly to converting a synchronous generator to a synchronous condenser.
Synchronous generators driven by turbines are commonly used by power utilities to produce electrical energy. Often after many years of use, power utilities will retire or decommission synchronous generators from use as power generation units. In some cases, it is desirable to use these retired synchronous generators as synchronous condensers to generate reactive power or absorb reactive power. As a general proposition, a retired synchronous generator needs to be decoupled from the turbine that drove it when being used as a synchronous condenser. In order for the decoupled generator to be used as a synchronous condenser, it needs to be brought to operational speed. Typically, dedicated means such as a starting motor attached to the shaft of the rotor of the generator is used to bring the generator up to operational speed. Assembling the starting motor to the rotor can be time consuming. In addition, the starting motor needs to be designed to withstand any operational event (e.g., electrical faults in the motor or synchronous condenser, overspeed events, shaft failures, and general malfunctions) that a normal motor might experience even though it will be in service for only a short time period.

Conversion of synchronous generator to synchronous condenser


This invention relates to human monoclonal antibody 81AV78 produced by a transformed B-cell line, having ATCC accession number CRL 10750 derived from B-cells of cancer patients actively immunized with autologous tumor antimen. This monoclonal antibody can be used in both diagnostic procedures and therapy for human cancers.

Currently available treatments for cancer, particularly radiation therapy and chemotherapy, are based upon the rationale that cancer cells are relatively more sensitive to these treatments than normal cells. However, severe toxicity for normal tissues imposes major limitations to these therapies. In contrast, antibody molecules exhibit exquisite specificity for their antigens. Researchers have therefore sought to isolate antibodies specific for cancer cells as the "long-sought `magic bullet` for cancer therapy" (Science, 1982, 216:283).
Antibodies are protein molecules normally synthesized by the B-cell lymphocytes produced by bone marrow and carried in the blood stream. For any antigen entering the body, i.e., any foreign molecule from a simple organic chemical to a complex protein, antibodies are produced which recognize and attach to that particular chemical structure. The unique chemical structure on the antigen to which a particular antibody can bind is referred to as an antigenic determinant or epitope. B-cell lymphocytes in the body, referred to as B-cells, lymphocytes, or leukocytes, exist as hundreds of millions of different genetically programmed cells, each producing an antibody specific for a different determinant. An antigen, which stimulates antibody production, can have several determinants on its surface. On encountering an antigen, a B-cell carrying on its surface an antibody specific for a determinant on that antigen will replicate. This clonal expansion results in many daughter cells that secrete that antibody into the blood stream.
Because of the specificity of antibodies in recognizing and binding to antigens, it was desired to produce antibodies in quantity that are specific for a single determinant, thus binding only to antigens or tissues having that particular determinant.
B-cells do not grow in a continuous culture unless they have been altered by hybridization with an "immortal" cell or by being transformed with either viral or tumor DNA. When cultured, hybridomas and transformed cells produce antibodies specific for a single determinant on a particular antigen. Such antibodies are referred to as "monoclonal antibodies."
Monoclonal antibodies are produced by B-lymphocyte cell lines that have been transformed, either spontaneously or intentionally, with a lymphotropic virus such as Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV). Transformation can also be accomplished using other transforming agents, such as viral DNA and cellular DNA. These cells, unlike hybridoma cells, possess a normal human diploid number (46) of chromosomes.
Monoclonal antibodies are synthesized in pure form uncontaminated by other immunoglobulins. With monoclonal antibody producing cells it is possible to produce virtually unlimited quantities of an antibody that is specific for one determinant on a particular antigen.
It has been believed that if antibodies specific for particular cancer cells were available, they could be used in various methods of treatment and diagnosis. Some antibodies could inactivate or kill particular tumor cells merely by attaching to the cell at the determinant for which they are specific. Other antibodies may bind to the surface of effector lymphocytes or macrophages, converting them into tumor antigen-specific killer cells.
Monoclonal antibodies can also increase the specificity of chemotherapeutic drugs, toxins and radioactive isotopes, thus increasing their efficacy while decreasing their toxicity by being conjugated to them. In addition, antibodies conjugated with radionuclides or metallic tracers can be used for imaging for in vivo diagnosis and localization of metastases. The antibodies can also be used for detecting the presence of tumor antigens in blood, as a diagnostic and/or prognostic test for cancer. Also, monoclonal antibodies can be used to isolate tumor antigens for potential use in a standardized vaccine.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
Past attempts at deriving monoclonal antibodies specific for human cancers have taken two routes with respect to B -cells: 1) B-cells have been extracted from spleens of mice that were immunized against human tumors, U.S. Pat. 4,172,124; and 2) human B-cells have been extracted from either peripheral blood or from lymph nodes draining tumors in cancer patients. Neither approach has yielded satisfactory results.
Mice immunized against human tumors have too broad a reactivity. That is, most of the mouse monoclonal antibodies generated react with human antigens present on normal as well as on tumor tissue. An antibody that reacts only with tumor cells is very difficult to select from among the large variety of antibodies produced. For example, 20,000 hybridomas derived from mice immunized with human small-cell lung carcinoma were screened for reactivity with tumor cells (Science, 1982, 216:283). In contrast to a very low frequency (<0.4%) observed by this research group, the method used to obtain the present antibodies results in up to 16% of the hybridomas derived from immunized colon patients producing monoclonal antibodies that react specifically with tumor cells. In addition, monoclonal antibodies derived from mouse B-cells have limited potential for application in cancer therapy. After repeated administration they stimulate the human immune system to produce "anti-mouse" antibodies which, in clinical trials, have been shown to neutralize the activity of mouse monoclonal antibodies. The use of our human monoclonal antibodies can circumvent these difficulties.
Another apparent difference between human and mouse monoclonal antibodies is their patterns of labeling. Previous studies with mouse antibodies have demonstrated that there is often a heterogenous labeling of cells within tumor sections. This pattern of reactivity has been attributed by some authors to antigenic heterogeneity of tumor cells (Hand et al., Cancer Research, 43:728-735, 1983). In contrast, the human monoclonal antibodies developed by our strategy were homogeneous in terms of their reactivity with tumors to which they did react. A plausible explanation for the heterogenous staining of mouse monoclonal antibodies is that it is a reflection of the murine immune recognition of phase- or cell-cycle-specific differentiation antigens abundant on the tumor cells rather than putative tumor associated antigens. It is not unreasonable to expect that when one immunizes mice with human tumor cells there would be substantial antigenic competition resulting in the more abundant and more predominant tissue-type and differentiation antigens successfully competing with relatively minor tumor associated antigens for immune responsiveness by the host. Thus, autologous immunization of man may result in the elicitation of antibodies against the group of antigens normally poorly immunogenic in mice. This evidence suggests that humans and mice may respond to different tumor antigens. In concert with this hypothesis is our finding that none of the first 36 human monoclonal antibodies we produced appeared to react with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), an antigen frequently recognized by murine monoclonal antibodies made against human tumor cells.
The majority of past attempts to develop human monoclonal antibodies have used B-cells extracted from either peripheral blood or lymph nodes from patients bearing tumors. It was believed that the presence of the antigenic tumor would cause a tumor-bearing individual to mount an immune response against his tumor and produce specifically immune B-cells. Thus, B-cells were taken from lymph nodes draining tumors in cancer patients or from circulating lymphocytes found in peripheral blood. However, prior to the present invention, there has been limited success in creating tumor- specific monoclonal antibodies.
The major problem in creating monoclonal antibodies specific for human tumor antigens has been the inability to find a source of specifically immune B-cells (Science, 1982, 216:285). In humans, the initial foci of cancer cells tend to grow over long periods of time, from 1% to 10% of the human lifespan, before there is any palpable clinical evidence of the disease. By this time patients are immunologically hyporesponsive to their tumors, or possibly immunologically tolerant. Thus, prior to the present invention, human monoclonal antibodies reactive with tumor cells could not reproducibly be obtained. Furthermore, of the small number of human monoclonal antibodies obtained from cancer patients, very few reacted with determinants found on the surface of tumor cells, but rather with intracellular determinants (R. J. Cote et al, PNAS, 1983, 80:2026). The present invention permits the development of monoclonal antibodies reactive with surface antigens; a requisite activity for tumor imaging and therapy.

Tumor associated monoclonal antibody 81AV/78


A server is configured to perform: receiving, from a printer, an initiation request for initiating a service, the service being for dispatching a color material cartridge to be installed to the printer; receiving, from the printer, cartridge information indicating a color material cartridge currently installed to the printer; determining whether a first type of color material cartridge is currently installed to the printer, the first type of color material cartridge being used at the service; and in a case where it is determined that the first type of color material cartridge is not currently installed to the printer, outputting a dispatching request causing a dispatching process for dispatching the first type of color material cartridge, wherein the dispatching request is not outputted in a case where it is determined that the first type of color material cartridge is currently installed to the printer.

A server used for providing a flat-rate printing service for a user of a printer is known. The flat-rate printing service includes a dispatching service and a management service. The management service is a service for managing the number of printed pages using a color ink accommodated in a color ink cartridge during a specific period. Purchasing the flat-rate printing service requires the user to pay a flat-rate fee for printing during the specific period. Unless the number of printed pages reaches a predetermined number, the user does not need to pay extra fee. If the number of printed pages exceeds the predetermined number, the user is required to pay an extra fee for printing further pages. The dispatching service is a service for dispatching a color ink cartridge that can be a replacement with a current color ink cartridge in a user's printer under the flat-rate printing service.
In response to purchasing the flat-rate printing service through the user's PC, the server executes certain processes for dispatching a dedicated cartridge which is to be used in the user's printer under the purchased flat-rate printing service.

Server, non-transitory computer-readable medium for server, and method


A portable holographic display system emboding holographic plates which are disposed upon a plurality of thin film holographic emulsions coupled to multiple channel Kerr units that generate a series of multi-colored holographic images. The holographic images generated by transmission thin film emulsions are based on the number and order that multiple light channels, fiber optics elements and thin film holographic emulsions are illuminated. The process of illumination depends directly on the activation sequence of lens elements or cells, which contain an optically active medium controlled by command signals from a central control means coupled to a source of electrical power.

1. Field of the Invention
The scope of the invention pertains to portable holographic systems which generate multiple holographic images.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Computer interactive systems with or without voice recognition/voice synthesization means are well known and have been effectively utilized to produce graphics, edit texts, formulate solutions to various problems and have been extended to assist the handicapped in a variety of activities. System.pi.presently available or being developed by Texas Instruments, I.B.M., Hewitt Packard, Intel and others are presently limited to the storage capacity, recall time and often require a relative lengthy and or repetitive keying instructions especially these systems concerned with graphics or voice recognition. Attempts to couple the synchronized release of chemicals into the environment to coincide with audiovisual presentations in order to effect sensory organs concerned with olfaction or gustatory response have been ineffectual. The chemical release mechanisms indicated in prior art effecting the sense of smell and or taste to enhance audio or visual stimuli are not reliable, require near continuous maintainance and are inflexible having a rigid programming format.
Additionally, all of the aforementioned systems require a large number of ancillary support structures and have intrinsic difficulties alluding to interface and compatibility with other systems. The inactment of complex keying sequence to retrieve, add or modify existing data has often confused and exacerbated the user. A need therefore exists for the development of a simple interactive device and corresponding techniques which bridge the gap between complex ultrasophisticated computers and simple non-interactive devices presently available to the user to provide a learning experience and/or entertainment to the user.
Accordingly, it is the primary objective of the present invention to fill the void between sophisticated computers and non-interactive devices.
It is yet another object to structure the operation of the invention to coincide with the intrinsic operation of the user rather than having the user adapt to the operation of the device.
These objects and other objects of the invention, as well as many attendant advantages thereof will become more readily apparent when reference is made to the following description taken inconjunction with the summary of the invention and annexed drawings.


The present invention relates to a do-it-yourself (DIY) lamp structure, mainly comprising of a base, a lamp rod on the base, a coupling hole on the base, and an embedded groove protruded from the lateral side of the opening, so that the lamp rod is inserted into the opening and the embedded groove for the assembly; a bracket is extended outward from the rim in corresponsive to the position of the embedded groove of the base such that when the lamp rod is inserted, the bracket will be pressed in advance, and after the lamp rod passes through the embedded groove, the bracket can be flipped out appropriately and latched into the embedded hole of the base to fix the lamp rod and base in a secured position. Therefore, regardless of the package, transportation, or storage, the lamp rod and base can be detached in order to reduce the volume for the transportation and storage. After the user has bought the lamp, the user does not need any tools such as screwdriver to complete the assembling, which is convenient for quick installation.

(a) Field of the Invention
The present invention is related to a lamp structure, more particularly to a do-it-yourself (DIY) lamp structure that uses a coupling hole, an embedded groove on the side of the coupling hole working with an embedded groove protruded around the periphery of the small stairway-like hole of the base and a latching hole leading to the outside, and fixed to the corresponsive position where the embedded groove is coupled. A bracket is extended outward from the rim in corresponsive to the position of the embedded groove of the base such that when the lamp rod is inserted, the bracket will be pressed in advance, and after the lamp rod passes through the embedded groove, the bracket can be flipped out appropriately and latched into the embedded hole of the base to fix the lamp rod and base in a secured position.
Therefore, the lamp rod and base can be detached in order to reduce the volume for the transportation and storage, and make it easier for the DIY.
(b) Description of the Prior Art
In the prior-art coupling structure of the base and the lamp rod either for wall lamps, table lamps, or floor lamps, screw bolts and nuts are used for the coupling. However, the assembling by these bolts and nuts may damage the finished goods easily, and it also needs tools (such as wrench or screwdriver, etc.) for the assembling, which is troublesome and not suitable for the DIY assembling. Therefore, the manufacturer needs to assemble the wire connection box and the lamp rod before selling the lamp. It increases the volume for the transportation, and thus causes a higher cost. In view of the aforementioned shortcomings of the prior art, the present inventor herein with many years in the related field enhances the structure of the lamp and finally invents the present invention.
The primary purpose of the present invention is to provide a do-it-yourself (DIY) lamp structure that uses a coupling hole, an embedded groove on the side of the coupling hole for accommodating the lamp rod; working with an embedded groove protruded around the periphery of the small stairway-like hole of the base and a latching hole leading to the outside, and fixed to the corresponsive position where the embedded groove is coupled. A bracket is extended outward from the rim in corresponsive to the position of the embedded groove of the base such that when the lamp rod is inserted, the bracket will be pressed in advance, and after the lamp rod passes through the embedded groove, the bracket can be flipped out appropriately and latched into the embedded hole of the base to fix the lamp rod and base in a secured position. Therefore, regardless of package, transportation, or storage, the lamp rod and base can be detached in order to reduce the volume for the transportation and storage, and after the user has bought the lamp, the user needs not to use tools for assembling the lamp, and thus making the DIY assembling much easier and faster.

No. 10, Lane 191, Hsi Hsin Street, Chuang Ya Tsun, Hsin Shui Hsiang


A method of producing a stator with a rotary current winding, having a first and second face end. On the face end, at least one shaped part with struts for winding guidance is provided. A brushless direct current machine with a stator, a shaped part for winding guidance for a stator with a rotary current winding, and a winding method for producing a stator with a rotary current winding are also disclosed.

1. Field Of The Invention
The invention is directed to an improved a stator with a rotary current winding, a brushless direct current machine having a stator, a shaped part for winding guidance for a stator with a rotary current winding, and a winding method for producing a stator with a rotary current winding.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In the manufacture of rotary current machines, such as motors or generators, the problem arises that the three phase coils of the stator winding must be placed individually and in succession, overlapping on the order of roof tiles, in the slots of the stator iron packet, if a uniform coil layer, high slot filling, and thus maximum efficiency are to be attained. The known method of winding one phase layer for each pole and then depositing its conductor wire uninterruptedly, creating a wire intersection with the second conductor wire and winding its phase coil, and then repeating the entire process again for the third phase coil, makes mass production uneconomical.
Plug-in windings, in which individual conductor loops are connected after insertion in slots, are also not feasible if there are relatively high numbers of conductors and/or poles, because there are too many connection points for electrical contacting means. Winding techniques that provide for the separate winding and subsequent joining together of the individual phases that are embodied as winding packets have disadvantages, because of the nonuniformity of the winding and the virtually unavoidable line intersections, that have an effect on the power, efficiency, and service life of the machine.
In the manufacture of a pull-in winding, the coils are wound either individually or jointly on a winding frame and then, with the aid of a pull-in device, pulled jointly or sequentially into the stator. The slot slits must then be closed with suitable wedges in a further operation, to prevent individual wires from escaping from the slots. Producing a pull-in winding requires relatively long production times, since the individual coils must be wound onto separate frames in a first work step. In a second work step, these prefabricated coils are transferred to the pull-in tool and then pulled into the stator in a further operation.
A further production method that is often employed comprises winding the winding directly into the stator slots with the aid of a so-called needle winder. For production reasons, however, the winding must be embodied such that the winding heads of the stator coils on the face ends do not overlap, and that there are no intersections whatever in the area of the winding head. The nonintersecting winding heads produced in this way are so-called toothed coil windings. However, they have electrically unfavorable properties, since their cross-sectional area is limited to approximately two-thirds of the maximum possible cross-sectional area. The applicable winding must therefore have more windings and hence more copper, which means increased consumption of material.

Stator with a rotary current winding, brushless direct current machine having a stator, shaped part for winding guidance for a stator with a rotary current winding, and winding method for producing a stator with a rotary current winding


A protective gear socket assembly includes a gear socket and an insert positioned in the gear socket. The gear socket includes a plurality of teeth projecting radially outward from a perimeter of the gear socket and a u-shaped channel formed through a thickness of the gear socket, a contact surface extending radially outward from an upper edge of the u-shaped channel of the gear socket, and at least one mounting hole formed in the contact surface. The insert includes a u-shaped channel formed through a thickness of the insert, a mating surface extending radially outward from a lower edge of the u-shaped channel of the insert, and at least one mounting post extending from the mating surface.

In automotive manufacturing, torque tools may be used to tighten nuts that may be used to install automotive parts. For example, a torque tool may be used to tighten flare nuts used on brake tubes and/or rack and pinion fluid tubes. Such tubes may be made of metal and may be coated with a protective coating material. The protective coating material may prevent oxidation of the underlying metal, thereby reducing the likelihood of future fluid leaks caused by oxidation of the metal tubes.
A torque tool may have an open-end gear socket that is installed in the head of the torque tool. A traditional gear socket may be made of metal, such as hardened tool steel. Using a torque tool equipped with such a traditional metal gear socket to tighten flare nuts on tubes with protective coatings may cause damage, such as nicks and scratches, to the protective coating on the tubes. Such damage is particularly likely during insertion and removal of the tool. Such damage to the protective coatings of the tubes may cause the tubes to oxidize and prematurely fail.
Accordingly, a need exists for alternative gear sockets that mitigate damage to coatings applied to tubes, fasteners, and the like.

Protective gear socket assemblies and methods of fabricating the same

Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc.


A computing system and method employing a processor device for generating real addresses associated with memory locations of a real memory system for reading and writing of data thereto, the system comprising: a plurality of memory blocks in the real memory system for storing data, a physical memory storage for storing the pages of data comprising one or more real memory blocks, each real memory block partitioned into one or more sectors, each comprising contiguous bytes of physical memory; a translation table structure in the physical memory storage having entries for associating a real address with sectors of the physical memory, each translation table entry including one or more pointers for pointing to a corresponding sector in its associated real memory block, the table accessed for storing data in one or more allocated sectors for memory read and write operations initiated by the processor; and, a control device for directly manipulating entries in the translation table structure for performing page operations without actually accessing physical memory data contents. In this system, the actual data of the pages involved in the operation are never accessed by the processor and therefore is never required in the memory cache hierarchy, thus eliminating the cache damage normally associated with these block operations. Further the manipulation of the translation table will involve reading and writing a few bytes to perform the operation as opposed to reading and writing the hundreds or thousands of bytes in the pages being manipulated.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates in general to data processing systems and in particular to data processing systems which dynamically allocate main memory for use by the operating system software and application software. Still more particularly, the present invention relates to systems which can directly manipulate pages of memory by modifying the translation table associated with the dynamically allocated main memory.
2. Discussion of the Prior Art
In computer systems it is customary that there be one-to-one correspondence between the memory address produced by the processor and a specific area in the physical memory of the system. It is an error for the processor to request access to an address which does not have an associated physical memory area. This limits the operating system and applications to an address space determined by the actual physical memory installed in the system. Modern computer systems have overcome this limitation through the use of virtual memory which implements a translation table (TT) to map program addresses to real memory addresses.
With virtual memory the program works in an address space limited only by the processor architecture. It is a function of the operating system to ensure that the data and code a program is currently using is in main memory and that the translation table can map the virtual address to the real address correctly. In a virtual memory system the allocation of memory is most commonly performed by the operating system software. This requires an interrupt of the instruction sequence so that the privileged kernel code can allocate physical memory to the area being accessed so that normal program flow can continue without error. This interrupt and the kernel processing to allocate physical memory requires a significant amount of processing time and upsets the normal pipelining of instructions through the CPU.
There currently exist schemes for reducing operating system process interruptions. For instance, the reference entitled "Design and Analysis of Internal Organizations for Compressed Random Access Memories" by Peter A. Franaszek and John T. Robinson, IBM Research Report RC21146(94535), dated Oct. 28, 1998, describes a low level main memory design for storing compressed data that includes a directory portion and a collection of fixed size blocks which are used to store lines in compressed format. In the memory storage scheme described herein, highly compressible lines may be stored entirely within a directory entry; otherwise, the directory entry points to one or more of the fixed size blocks which are used to store the line in compressed format. The system further makes use of page tables which translate virtual addresses to real addresses which correspond to the location in the directory of the directory entry for the line and which includes information pertaining to blocks holding a compressed line. Specifically, the information in a directory entry includes flags, fragment combining information, and, assuming fixed size entry structure pointers to one or more fixed size blocks. On a cache miss, the memory controller and decompression hardware finds the blocks allocated to store the compressed line and dynamically decompresses the line to handle the miss. Similarly, when a new or modified line is stored, the blocks currently allocated to the line are made free (if the line currently resides in the RAM), the line is compressed, and then stored in the RAM by allocating the required number of blocks.
Furthermore, U.S. Pat. No. 5,761,536 is directed to a memory organization technique utilizing a compression control device for storing variable length objects (compressed memory) in fixed-size storage blocks by enabling fixed size storage blocks to receive remaining portions (leftover compressed memory pieces or fragments) of variable length objects that take up less than a full fixed-size storage block. The system thus reduces memory fragmentation.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,864,859 is directed to a compression store addressing technique for storing variable length objects (compressed lines, each representing, e.g., ¼ of a page) in fixed size blocks so that accessing an individual line may be accomplished quickly and with little change to existing software. In particular, the beginning of any line within a page may be accessed with a single pointer plus an offset. Associated with the compression store is a list of free or available blocks (free list) which is accessed for enabling variable length object storage.
Aforementioned commonly-owned, co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/627,516 addresses the desirability to provide a mechanism that enables the physical memory to be dynamically allocated in a manner such that the interruption in program flow is eliminated, and, furthermore, provides a mechanism for facilitating the management of memory pools so that the various processes and users may share the system resources fairly.
It is the case that certain simple operations in computer systems such as clear block and move block are commonly performed on large blocks a contiguous memory bytes called pages. These operations often require that the processor access each individual byte in the page or pages. This makes the operations take an appreciable amount of time and cause the total contents of the page or pages to be loaded into each level of the memory cache hierarchy. This cache damage causes further performance impacts since it evicts other data and programs which are being used by the processor. Subsequent accesses of this purged data will take additional time to reload the appropriate data into the caches
It would thus be highly desirable to provide in a computer system using dynamically allocated physical memory and a translation table for managing this memory, a mechanism for performing these page operations without requiring the use of the processor.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Very high speed page operations in indirect accessed memory systems

International Business Machines Corporation


A disposable capsule filter extremely suited for filtering paints, inks and the like which contain an organic solvent. The filter comprises a disposable capsule accommodating filter elements and a metal holder accommodating the capsule for the purpose of preventing rupture of the capsule. The capsule is formed from a plastic material by blow molding or pressure forming. The capsule has an outwardly projecting portion in contact with a clamped portion of the metal holder.

This invention relates to a disposable capsule filter, which is particularly suited to the filtering of paint, ink, etc. containing an organic solvent.
As a liquid filter for water as well as food and pharmaceutical products, etc., for increasing the speed of operation of replacing filter elements, disposable capsule filters as shown in FIG. 5 are extensively used, in which filter element 2 is set in advance in synthetic resin vessel 1 and is discarded together with vessel 1 when it is clogged.
However, filters for paints and varnish, particularly magnetic paint, inks, etc. can be only with difficultly be provided as disposable filter. This is so because such paints or the like contain a great quantity of strong organic solvent having a strong polarity. If a disposable capsule filter is used for such paint for long period of time, the vessel is gradually attacked by the organic solvent which may lead to its rupture with internal pressure increase and to subsequent possible fire hazards.
Further, paints and varnish, inks, etc. usually have a high viscosity, and their filtering inevitably dictates high pressure loss. For this reason, it is very difficult to maintain pressure resistance with the sole plastic material of the capsule portion. If it is intended to secure the pressure resistance with the sole plastic material, it is necessary to provide a very large thickness for the vessel. Such a vessel is economically very inadequate as so-called disposable filter. In order to solve this economical problem, the thickness of plastic vessel is reduced to a threshold thickness such that corrosive attack can be withstood, and for the purpose of increasing the pressure resistance, an upper metal holder is fitted on the plastic vessel and united with a lower metal holder with a V-band clamp when using the filter. It is well known in the art that among current techniques of plastic molding that injection molding is most inexpensive. However, with this molding technique, it is impossible to form a large swelled portion 11 as shown in FIG. 2. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, upper and lower vessel parts or halves 12 and 13 have to be independently injection molded and bonded together using supersonic waves or high frequency wave or heat. If a vessel formed in this way is used for filtering a fluid containing a strong solvent as base, a portion of the vessel, to which strong heat was given, i.e., a bonded portion having been deteriorated by oxidization, is strongly attacked by the solvent, and this will give rise to leakage in the use of the filter.
Instead of providing swelled portion 11 as shown in FIG. 3, it is conceivable to form as increased thickness portion 14 corresponding in position to a V-band clamp, as shown in FIG. 4. However, it is very common that such molding will produce a commonly termed sink mark in the local increased thickness portion 14, such a sink mark having to be removed by subsequent machining. Further, it is a most significant problem in this case that a plastic material capable of withstanding strong solvents, typically polypropyrene, is highly fragile, so that if a strong stress is produced in increased thickness portion 14 with a V-band clamp or the like, cracks may be formed which may cause bursting. For this reason, a vessel having a shape as shown in FIG. 4 is substantially practically infeasible.

Metal holder and protector for a disposable plastic capsule


A spinning reel includes a reel body, a rotor disposed at a forward position of the reel body, an arm cam pivotably attached to one of a pair of portions of the rotor and a pivotable arm pivotably attached to the other arm portion. A bail is interposed between a line roller of the arm cam and the pivotable arm. A balancer, which is provided to the pivotable arm, has a configuration projecting on a side opposite to the bail and outwardly of the pivotable arm with respect to a direction along a pivot axis of the pivotable arm.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a spinning reel having a balancing means, and more particularly to art for improving rotational balance of a rotor of a spinning reel including an arm cam pivotably attached to one of a pair of arm portions of the rotor provided at a forward position of a reel body, a pivotable arm provided to the other arm portion and a bail extending between a line roller formed on the arm cam and the pivotable arm.
2. Description of the Related Art
In general, in the case of a spinning reel having the above-described construction, for retrieving a fishing line, the fishing line is guided via a line guide portion (generally comprised of a rotary member commonly referred to as a line roller) to be wound about a spool. Further, in the case of the conventional spinning reel of this type, there occurs imbalance in rotation of the rotor due to the weights of such components as the arm cam, the line roller of the arm cam and so on. Then, in order to improve the rotational balance, a balancer is disposed e.g. inside the rotor at such a position as to offset the weights of the above components in a direction along a rotational axis of the rotor.
Now, considering the above arrangement where the balancer is disposed inside the rotor for instance, the arrangement is such that the weight balance is achieved in the direction along the rotational axis of the rotor. However, as shown in FIG. 11, with respect to a further direction normal to the rotational axis X of the rotor 4, a composite gravity center of the components including the arm cam 8, the line roller 10 and so on is located at a relatively forward position with respect to the rotor 4. As a result, there is produced a significant distance between a rotary path of the composite gravity center and a rotary path of a gravity center WT of the balancer 45. If a rotary operation is effected under this condition, there is produced a torque about a point where a straight line extending between the gravity centers WP and WT and the rotational axis X cross each other. Thus, in the case of a high-speed line retrieving operation, the rotor 4 will significantly vibrate and this vibration may be transmitted consequently to a top of a fishing rod, whereby the line retrieving operation can not be effected i n a smooth manner.
In particular, in the case of spinning reels of recent years, the composite gravity center of the components including the arm cam tends to be located at a forwardly displaced position with respect to the rotor, since the line roller is provided with a large diameter in order to reduce load during a line retrieving action or the arm cam is provided with a mechanism for allowing one-step release operation of the bail. In such case, the torque will have a larger value, thus a smooth line retrieving action even more difficult.


A multilayer wiring board and a method for manufacturing the same are disclosed. The wiring board comprises an insulating substrate having a first and second conductor layers formed on major surfaces of the insulating substrate, a blind hole formed through the first conductor layer and the insulating substrate to expose the second conductor layer at the bottom of the blind hole, and a connecting conductor provided to cover the exposed surface of the second conductor layer wall portion of the blind hole and the first conductor layer. Since the connecting conductor and the second conductor are made in surface contact, connection reliability is very much improved. The blind hole is made by blasting a fine abrasive powder beam to selectively remove the insulating substrate. The end of selective removal can be easily controlled by the difference of working speed against the insulating substrate and the conductor layer to successfully expose the second conductor layer at the bottom of the blind hole.

The present invention relates to a wiring board having a blind through hole, and a method of manufacturing such a wiring board.
In a multilayer wiring board, if some conductor layers are connected with one another by a through hole passing through all layers, a substrate area in the other layers not required to be connected is also occupied by the through hole to cause a disadvantage from the viewpoint of high-density wiring. Accordingly, in designing a high-density multilayer wiring board, a so-called blind hole has been considered to be adopted. That is, a through hole is arranged between only the layers required to be connected, so as to increase a wiring density of the through hole and the pattern.
In general, formation of a through hole such as a via hole (i.e., a hole to be formed for the purpose of electrical connection only rather than insertion of parts) through an insulating substrate is carried out by drilling. However, if the blind hole as mentioned above is intended to be formed by drilling, the following problems are generated.
First, a tip of a drill to be used in drilling of a wiring board of this kind is mostly sharp, and it is difficult to control a depth of drilling. Therefore, it is difficult to precisely stop the drill at a certain position in the multilayer wiring board. Particularly in the case that a thickness of each insulating substrate is small, the adaptation of drilling to the board is difficult. It is also considered to use a drill having a flat tip. However, if a diameter of the drill is small, the drill is broken. In contrast, a large diameter of the drill counteracts the need of high-density wiring.
In another way, it has been developed that a plurality of double-sided substrates preliminarily formed with straight through holes are prepared, and these substrates are laminated to one another.
However, this method requires a high accuracy of positioning in laminating the substrates to make the working very troublesome. Further, there is a possibility that the through holes will be closed by adhesive or the like in laminating the substrates. In some case, there is a risk that resin will ooze out from an outermost through hole portion to largely damage the reliability of the wiring board. Additionally, the number of plating steps is increased to complicate a manufacturing step and increase a manufacturing cost. Moreover, as a thickness of a conductor to be etched is large, it is difficult to form a fine pattern.
In any methods as mentioned above, when a drill diameter is set to about 0.2 mm, a long working time is required to sacrifice a manufacturing cost. In contrast, when the drill diameter is set to about 0.3 mm or more, a working speed is in a level of mass production. However, such an increased drill diameter largely hinders the pursuit of reduction in diameter of the through hole for the purpose of high-density wiring.
Furthermore, in the case of adopting the drilling, the electrical connection between the conductor layers is relied solely on the contact between small end surfaces of the conductor layers exposed to a wall surface of a drilled hole and a plating layer formed on the wall surface of the drilled hole by through hole plating. Accordingly, the wiring board to be obtained has a disadvantage from the viewpoint of a current capacity, and it is also defective in connection reliability.
As another method to be substituted for the drilling, it is partly investigated to form a blind hole by working a polyimide resin with chemicals or laser. However, in the case that the insulating substrate is formed of a composite material consisting of the polyimide resin and a filler such as glass cloth, glass filler or aramid fiber, the working of the insulating substrate becomes difficult. In the case that the insulating substrate is formed solely of the polyimide resin, an insulation property, a mechanical strength, etc. of the insulating substrate become limited.
As described above, if the blind hole is intended to be formed by the prior art methods, there arise many problems in workability, reliability, etc., and there is a limitation in high-density wiring of the through hole and the pattern.

Method for manufacturing a multilayer wiring board


A thrust reverser cascade flow directing element (28) for a gas turbine engine (10) comprises a plurality of plates (30) and a plurality of flow directing vanes (40). At least one vane (40) extends between each pair of plates (30), the plurality of plates (30) are formed from sheet material and a single integral piece of ductile sheet material (32) forms the plurality of flow directing vanes (40). The single integral piece of ductile sheet material (32) has a plurality of longitudinally spaced apart apertures (36) and a plurality of longitudinally spaced apart sheet material portions (38) between the apertures (36) and the ductile sheet material (32) is bent at a plurality of longitudinally spaced positions such that each sheet material portion (38) defines one of the plurality of flow directing vanes (40).

The present invention relates to a flow director, for example a thrust reverser cascade for a gas turbine engine, and in particular relates to a flow directing element, for example a thrust reverser cascade element for a turbofan gas turbine engine.
A thrust reverser cascade element generally comprises at least two plates and a plurality of flow directing vanes. A plurality of vanes extend between each pair of plates.
It is known to manufacture thrust reverser cascade elements for turbofan gas turbine engines by casting the thrust reverser cascade elements from molten aluminium or molten magnesium. This method requires the use of a mould for each thrust reverser cascade element, and each thrust reverser cascade may comprise a number of different thrust reverser elements requiring different moulds. Thus the casting of thrust reverser cascade elements is expensive and time consuming in the requirement to make the different moulds and in heating the metal to melting point and subsequently casting the molten metal.
It is also known to manufacture thrust reverser cascade elements for turbofan gas turbine engines by moulding and curing the thrust reverser elements from composite structures, for example carbon fibre reinforced resins. This method also requires the use of a mould for each thrust reverser cascade element, and each thrust reverser cascade may comprise a number of different thrust reverser elements requiring different moulds. Thus the moulding and curing of thrust reverser cascade elements is expensive and time consuming in the requirement to make the different moulds and in heating the resins to cure the resin and consolidate the carbon fibre and resins to the appropriate density and shape. The thrust reverser cascade elements comprising composite structures do not have sufficient strength.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,030,299 discloses the manufacture of a thrust reverser cascade for gas turbine engines by securing together sheet metal vanes and sheet metal plates, for example aluminium or titanium. Each of the vanes is formed from a separate piece of sheet metal.
Published European patent application EP0219889A discloses the manufacture of a thrust reverser cascade for gas turbine engines by producing a metallic skeletal frame and moulding/curing a composite structure, for example carbon fibre reinforced nylon around the metallic skeletal frame.
Accordingly the present invention seeks to provide a novel flow directing element which reduces, preferably overcomes, the above mentioned problems.
Accordingly the present invention provides a flow directing element comprising a plurality of plates and a plurality of flow directing vanes, at least one vane extends between each pair of plates, the plurality of plates are formed from sheet material and a single integral piece of ductile sheet material forms the plurality of flow directing vanes, the single integral piece of ductile sheet material has a plurality of spaced apart apertures and a plurality of sheet material portions, each sheet material portion defines one of the plurality of flow directing vanes.
Preferably a plurality of vanes extend between each pair of plates.
Preferably the single integral piece of ductile sheet material has a plurality of longitudinally spaced apart apertures and a plurality of longitudinally spaced apart sheet material portions between the apertures and the ductile sheet material is bent at a plurality of longitudinally spaced positions such that each sheet material portion defines one of the plurality of flow directing vanes.
Preferably the single integral piece of ductile sheet material has a plurality of transversely spaced apart apertures, a plurality of transversely spaced apart sheet material portions, a plurality of longitudinally extending slots between the transversely spaced apart sheet material portions and a plurality of transversely extending webs longitudinally between the slots, the webs extending over at least one of the plurality of plates and the ductile sheet material is bent at a plurality of longitudinally spaced positions such that each sheet material portion defines one of the plurality of flow directing vanes.
Preferably the plates have a plurality of slots on one of their edges and the webs locate in the slots in the edges of the plates.
Preferably the plates have a plurality of longitudinally spaced apart apertures extending therethrough, each longitudinally extending slot in the ductile sheet material has projections on its edges which locate in a corresponding one of the apertures in one of the plates.
Preferably each longitudinally extending edge of the single integral piece of ductile sheet material has at least one twist lock, each twist lock locates in an aperture in one of the plurality of plates.
Preferably each longitudinally extending edge of the single integral piece of ductile sheet material has a plurality of longitudinally spaced twist locks, each twist lock locates in a corresponding aperture in one of a plurality of longitudinally spaced apertures in one of the plurality of plates.
Preferably a pair of end plates extend transversely to the plurality of plates and the single integral piece of ductile sheet material.
Preferably each transversely extending end of the single integral piece of ductile sheet material has at least one twist lock, each twist lock locates in an aperture in one of the end plates.
Preferably each transversely extending end of the single integral piece of ductile sheet material has a plurality of twist locks, each twist lock locates in a corresponding one of a plurality of apertures in one of the end plates.
Preferably each transversely extending end of each plate has at least one twist lock, each twist lock locates in an aperture in one of the end plates.
Preferably each transversely extending end of each plate has a plurality of twist locks, each twist lock locates in a corresponding one of a plurality of apertures in one of the end plates.
Preferably the single integral piece of ductile sheet material comprises a metal, more preferably the single integral piece of ductile sheet material comprises aluminium, titanium, mild steel or stainless steel.
Preferably the plates comprise a metal, more preferably the plates comprise aluminium, titanium, mild steel or stainless steel.
Preferably the end plates comprise a metal, more preferably the end plates comprise aluminium, titanium, mild steel or stainless steel.
Preferably the flow directing element comprises a thrust reverser cascade element. Preferably a gas turbine engine thrust reverser comprises one or more thrust reverser cascade elements.
The present invention also provides a method of manufacturing a flow directing element comprising the steps of:
(a) forming a plurality of plates, the plurality of plates are formed from sheet material,
(b) forming a single integral piece of ductile sheet material such as to form a plurality of flow directing vanes, forming a plurality of spaced apart apertures and a plurality of sheet material portions,
(c) arranging the single integral piece of ductile sheet material such that at least one vane extends between each pair of plates and each sheet material portion defines one of the plurality of flow directing vanes.
Preferably step (c) comprises arranging the single integral piece of ductile sheet material such that a plurality of vanes extend between each pair of plates.
Preferably step (b) comprises forming a plurality of longitudinally spaced apart apertures in the single integral piece of ductile sheet material and forming a plurality of longitudinally spaced apart sheet material portions between the apertures and bending the ductile sheet material at a plurality of longitudinally spaced positions such that each sheet material portion defines one of the plurality of flow directing vanes.
Preferably step (b) comprises forming a plurality of transversely spaced apart apertures in the single integral piece of ductile sheet material, forming a plurality of transversely spaced apart sheet material portions, forming a plurality of longitudinally extending slots between the transversely spaced apart sheet material portions and forming a plurality of transversely extending webs longitudinally between the slots, bending the ductile sheet material at a plurality of longitudinally spaced positions such that each sheet material portion defines one of the plurality of flow directing vanes and step (c) comprises arranging the webs such that they extend over at least one of the plurality of plates.
Preferably step (c) comprises forming a plurality of slots in one of the edges of the plates and locating each web in a corresponding one of the slots in the edges of the plates.
Preferably step (a) comprises forming a plurality of longitudinally spaced apart apertures through the plates, step (b) comprises forming projections on the edges of each longitudinally extending slot in the ductile sheet material and step (c) comprises locating the projections in a corresponding one of the apertures in one of the plates.
Preferably step (b) comprises forming at least one twist lock on each longitudinally extending edge of the single integral piece of ductile sheet material and step (c) comprises locating each twist lock in an aperture in one of the plurality of plates.
Preferably step (b) comprises forming a plurality of longitudinally spaced twist locks on each longitudinally extending edge of the single integral piece of ductile sheet material and step (c) comprises locating each twist lock in a corresponding aperture in one of the plurality of longitudinally spaced apertures in one of the plurality of plates.
Preferably there are additional steps (d) forming a pair of end plates and step (e) arranging the end plates to extend transversely to the plurality of plates and the single integral piece of ductile sheet material.
Preferably step (b) comprises forming at least one twist lock on each transversely extending end of the single integral piece of ductile sheet material, step (d) comprises forming an aperture in one of the end plates and step (e) comprises locating each twist lock in an aperture in one of the end plates.
Preferably step (b) comprises forming a plurality of twist locks on each transversely extending end of the single integral piece of ductile sheet material, step (d) comprises forming a plurality of apertures in one of the end plates and step (e) comprises locating each twist lock in a corresponding one of the plurality of apertures in one of the end plates.
Preferably step (a) comprises forming at least one twist lock on each transversely extending end of each plate, step (d) comprises forming at least one aperture in each of the end plates and step (e) comprises locating each twist lock in an aperture in the end plates.
Preferably step (a) comprises forming a plurality of twist locks on each transversely extending end of each plate, step (d) comprises forming a plurality of apertures in each of the end plates and step (e) comprises locating each twist lock in a corresponding one of the plurality of apertures in the end plates.
Preferably forming the single integral piece of ductile sheet material from a metal, more preferably forming the single integral piece of ductile sheet material from aluminium, titanium, mild steel or stainless steel.
Preferably forming the plates from a metal, more preferably forming the plates from aluminium, titanium, mild steel or stainless steel.
Preferably forming the end plates from a metal, more preferably forming the end plates from aluminium, titanium, mild steel or stainless steel.
Preferably step (b) comprises forming the longitudinally spaced apertures by cutting with a laser beam. Preferably step (b) comprises forming the transversely spaced apertures by cutting with a laser beam. Preferably step (b) comprises forming the longitudinally extending slots by cutting with a laser beam.
Preferably the flow directing element is a thrust reverser cascade element.

Flow directing element and a method of manufacturing a flow directing element


This disclosure forms a cubic body that can easily be dismounted from a table. A three-dimensional printing machine (1) has an ink-jet head (4B) for forming each layer of a supporter (S) with a supporting material. The ink-jet head (4B) discharges a first supporting material and a second supporting material, as the supporting material, for forming each layer of the supporter (S); adhesive strengths of the first supporting material and the second supporting material, for adhering to the table (7), being different from each other.

A method, in which a shaped object is formed by laminating a hardened-material hardened by way of light irradiation to a model material to be hardened by being irradiated with light, is known as a method for forming a shaped object having a three-dimensional form. In such a method, if a higher position has a larger part in width (so-called an overhang part) than a lower position has, in the shaped object, a supporter is placed around the lower position in the shaped object so as to support the overhang part from a lower side.
Patent Document 1 discloses a three-dimensional printing machine that uses an acrylamide-base compound including one vinyl group, as a supporting material that makes up a supporter. An acrylamide-base compound including one vinyl group is a (meta-) acrylamide or its N-substitution product; and as the N-substitution product, there are named, for example; an N-methyl (meta-) acrylamide; an N-ethyl (meta-) acrylamide; an N-propyl (meta-) acrylamide; an N-butyl (meta-) acrylamide; An N-alkyl (meta-) acrylamide including an alkyl group with the number of carbons of one through four, such as an N, N′-dimethyl (meta-) acrylamide (also called DMAA), an N, N′-diethyl (meta-) acrylamide, and the like; An N-hydroxy alkyl (meta-) acrylamide including an alkyl group with the number of carbons of two through four, such as an N-hydroxy ethyl (meta-) acrylamide (also called HEAA), an N-hydroxy propyl (meta-) acrylamide, an N-hydroxy butyl (meta-) acrylamide, and the like; and so on.    [Patent Document 1] Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2010-155889 (laid open on Jul. 15, 2010).

Three-dimensional printing machine and three-dimensional printing method


A bow angle tuner for aligning an arrow to an archery bow, for precise arrow flight, while the arrow is in the bow, by measurements or comparisons which integrate a minimum of five mechanical bow adjustments, and the diameter of the arrow. A planar member includes a groove, either angular or circular, on one face in which an arrow, of any commercially available diameter, is releaseably secured. One or more rulers, of suitable and equal length, are releaseably attached to, or integral to, the planar member and positioned in such a manner that the rulers form an included angle of less than one hundred eighty degrees and the included angle is bisected by the groove in the planar member and centers on the groove in the planar member. Measurements from the extremities of the rulers to the intersection of each bow limb to the bow riser allows alignment for vertical arrow flight as an expression of the variable relationship between the angularity of the bow, the vertical location of the arrow rest, the distance from the arrow rest to the bow string, and the diameter of the arrow. Comparative proximity of the rulers to the bow string or bow limb tips while the bow is at rest, and at full draw, allow alignment of the arrow for horizontal arrow flight. One or more posts attach to the rulers, or planar member, and allow comparisons of cable angles for eccentric wheel timing, which is an expression of tiller distance.

Accurate arrow launching capability of a typical compound bow is dependent upon five mechanically adjustable variables: upper and lower tiller distance (which is an expression of eccentric wheel timing), location of arrow on the bow string and location of arrow rest vertically (which relates to vertical arrow alignment), and location of arrow rest horizontally (which relates to horizontal arrow alignment). Error in any one or all of these variables will cause deviation in arrow flight.
Because of the five mechanically adjustable variables, bow manufacturers can not specify precisely where an arrow should locate on the string, nor how far an arrow should be positioned away from the riser. The only reference manufacturers supply with a new bow is for the customer to measure and write down the upper and lower tiller measurements. The customer is not informed that these measurements are the manufacturer's measurement of eccentric wheel timing.
When a bow manufacturer sells a bow, either the customer, or an archery shop, adds the accessories to a bow. Accessories include arrow rests, overdraws, arrows, string nocks, etc. Because of the five mechanically adjustable variables, tuning for accurate arrow flight frequently requires in excess of eight hours and occassionally in excess of forty hours. Some archers are never able to tune a bow for accurate arrow flight. Even an archery shop cannot identically tune two identical bows with identical accessories if the accessories are not mounted in precisely the same positions. Even after a bow is accessorized and tuned, retuning is required at regular intervals to compensate for string and cable stretch. Changing any of the five mechanically adjustable variables, or even arrow diameter, requires complete retuning.


A method for managing persistent data in a multi-image code load system is disclosed. In one embodiment, such a method includes providing first and second code images for loading onto a computing system. The method stores, in a common repository, persistent data that is shared by each of the first and second code images. When changes are made to the shared persistent data associated with the first and second code images, the changes are recorded in the form of content deltas. When generating such content deltas, the method determines which of the first and second code images the content deltas apply to and marks the content deltas accordingly. A corresponding apparatus and computer program product are also disclosed and claimed herein.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to apparatus and methods for managing persistent data in systems that can load multiple code images.
2. Background of the Invention
Multi-image systems are frequently used in enterprise environments to provide a safety net when updating to higher levels of code. Such systems may include two or more repositories (e.g., real or virtual hard drives) storing software or firmware referred to as "images." One image (i.e., the active image) contains an existing code level, while the other image (i.e., the alternate image) contains a new code level. When the new code level is in place on the alternate image, the multi-image system allows the active image to be swapped with the alternate image, thereby allowing the new code level to run in the enterprise environment. If an issue is encountered with the new code level, the system may revert to the previous code level by swapping the images.
One advantage of multi-image update systems is their ability to minimize update and failure recovery time. Embodiments of such systems can be found in operating systems, hypervisor microcode, and even host adapter firmware. Regardless of the embodiment, such systems have to deal with "persistent data." Typically, persistent data refers to information specific to a particular system, such as configuration information.
When dealing with persistent data, conventional multi-image update systems exhibit various deficiencies. For example, compatibility issues may arise between codes levels that use different persistent data formats. In some cases, the compatibility issues may be so severe that a multi-image system cannot be used. One solution for addressing this incompatibility is to overwrite both images. This solution, however, destroys any fallback capability.
Another problem with conventional multi-image update systems is their inability to transfer configuration changes between images. The persistent data associated with each image in a multi-image system is typically not synchronized. This is primarily because there is no guarantee that both code levels can handle the same data format. For this reason, conventional multi-image update systems typically maintain two copies of persistent data instead of a single shared copy. Consequently, if a parameter associated with a first code level is changed, the change will not be reflected in a second code level.
In view of the foregoing, what are needed are apparatus and methods to effectively manage the persistent data of multiple code images. Ideally, such apparatus and methods will be able to synchronize the persistent data of multiple code images even in cases where the code images, or the persistent data formats of the code images, are substantially different.

Persistent data management in multi-image code load systems


Peptides that have domains that bind to recombinant factor VIII (rFVIII) are disclosed. A method of rFVIII binding assay using the peptides deduced from a combinatorial library in a filtration plate process is described. A method of using peptides having these available binding domains in an affinity chromatography process to purify factor VIII is also taught.

1. Field
This invention is concerned generally with identifying protein-ligand interactions, and specifically with peptide ligands which bind rFVIII and which may be used in a method for the affinity purification of rFVIII.
2. Prior Art
Human Factor VIII, (antihemophilic factor) is a human plasma protein consisting of 2 polypeptides (light chain molecular weight of 80,000 and heavy chain molecular weight variable from 90,000 to 220,000). It is an essential cofactor in the coagulation pathway; required for the conversion of Factor X into its active form (Factor Xa). Factor VIII circulates in plasma as a non-covalent complex with von Willebrand Factor. Blood concentrations of Factor VIII below 20% of normal cause a bleeding disorder designated hemophilia A. Factor VIII blood levels less than 1% of normal result in a severe bleeding disorder, with spontaneous joint bleeding being the most common symptom. Recombinant DNA technology has allowed construction of plasmids that direct the expression of fusion products of Factor VIII protein in transfected mammalian cells. Factor VIII can be isolated from either a plasma derived source (cryoprecipitate) or from a genetically engineered recombinant source. The term Factor VIII is not meant to be a limitation but refers to a functional protein for treating bleeding disorders.
Several methods have been described for purification of Factor VIII from plasma sources (1,2,3). Several purification schemes utilize antibody affinity columns (4,5). To date, the most successful purifications of Factor VIII from plasma or from recombinant sources has been accomplished by using murine monoclonal antibodies specific to either Factor VIII or von Willibrand Factor.
Although monoclonal antibodies have been used successfully to obtain a relatively pure Factor VIII preparation, monoclonal antibodies can be present in the Factor VIII effluent because of leaching from the support matrix. This raises the possibility of antigenicity when the final preparation is introduced into animal systems, since murine monoclonal antibodies have been shown to be antigenic. A second disadvantage of the use of monoclonal antibodies is the requirement of cell culture facilities for producing the antibodies and the concomitant cost of purification and attachment onto a support matrix. Finally, the stability of the antibody binding site may not be amenable to the rigorous conditions necessary to sanitize the column.
Affinity chromatography is one of the most efficient techniques for purifying a protein from a complex mixture. With potential advantages including high stability, efficiency, selectivity, and low price, peptides have been investigated as affinity ligands in the pharmaceutical industry. A recent approach for identifying such ligands is to screen peptides from combinatorial peptide libraries (6,7,8,9).
Using the `divide-couple-recombine` approach (10,11,12), millions of unique peptides of a defined length may be synthesized on resin beads. Each bead contains a unique peptide sequence. These library beads and their corresponding peptide sequences are then exposed to a target protein. Among these millions of peptide sequences, the target protein may bind to several unique bead-sequences. Those beads and their corresponding sequences must be detected, isolated, and identified. Several detection systems, including calorimetric two-step methods (7,12,13) as well as direct fluorescence detection methods (14,15,16) have been used.
Peptides disclosed in the U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/595,718, incorporated herein by reference, also were found to bind Factor VIII. See also Necina et al. (23)

Recombinant factor VIII binding peptides


A method of entering a previously-installed tubular in a lateral borehole from a primary borehole connected to the lateral borehole includes passing a downhole tool from the primary borehole into the lateral borehole, actuating an orientation mule shoe coupled to the downhole tool to lift the nose portion of the downhole tool into alignment with the tubular in the lateral borehole, and inserting the nose portion of the downhole tool into the tubular.

The invention relates generally to multilateral well operations. More particularly, the invention relates to a method and apparatus for accessing a branch of a multilateral well.
A multilateral well, also known as a multi-branch well, is a well having one or more lateral boreholes branching off a single primary wellbore. The primary wellbore may be vertical, horizontal, or deviated. The lateral boreholes may branch off the primary wellbore in any number of directions to allow production from several target reservoirs or formations through the primary wellbore. Multilateral wells are advantageous in comparison to single wells in that their lateral boreholes can be brought into close contact with several target reservoirs, thereby allowing production from the reservoirs to be maximized.
Tubulars are often installed in lateral boreholes. For example, in unconsolidated or weakly consolidated formations, liners are often installed in lateral boreholes to prevent the boreholes from collapsing. After such installation, it is often desirable to re-enter the tubular in order to perform one or more operations in the lateral borehole. Such re-entry operations generally include inserting a downhole tool into the tubular. In some cases, there may be eccentricity between the tubular and the lateral borehole, for example, due to formation washout. In this case, there is the likelihood that a downhole tool inserted into the lateral borehole would be misaligned with the tubular and may not be able to enter the tubular or may even become stuck in between the tubular and the lateral borehole.
From the foregoing, a method of assuring entry of a downhole tool into a tubular in a lateral borehole would be useful.

Apparatus for orienting a mule shoe to enter a previously-installed tubular in a lateral and method of use