A helical toothed shaving cutter used for finishing or shaving of gears as well as a shaving cutter suitable for plunge cut shaving. The shaving cutter includes a multiplicity of ribs forming the cutter tooth flanks, arranged in a manner substantially symmetrically with respect to each axial centerline of each of the cutter teeth, and each of the ribs has both a positive rake angle at its leading cutting edge and a negative rake angle at its trailing cutting edge as viewed in the direction of lateral sliding direction of along the tooth trace cutter.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention is directed generally to a shaving cutter for shaving or finishing gears, which cutter is provided with a multiplicity of serrations extending on the cutter tooth flanks and including ribs made up by the serrations of the cutter, and the ribs forming the cutter tooth flanks.
The present invention relates more particularly to a shaving cutter suitable for a plunge cut shaving method.
2. Description of the Prior Art
A plunge cut shaving processing method which is commonly employed involves the following steps. As illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 12b, a work gear axis (B--B) and a shaving cutter axis (A--A) are set up at a deliberately calculated cross axis angle. Then the teeth 3, 13 of the shaving cutter 1, 11 are urged with a force and mechanically intruded between the teeth 3a of a work gear 2 in such a direction as to shorten an inter-axis distance (l) between both axes (A--A), (B--B). Meanwhile, lateral sliding caused by contact pressure of the amount Vs shown in FIG. 12b is forced to take place between both teeth due to rotating of the shaving cutter with intermeshing the work gear without imparting an axial feed to both of them. Note that the symbol Vc represents a rotational speed vector of the shaving currer1, 11 at the contact point on the cutter tooth flank in the peripheral direction, Vg denotes a rotational speed vector of a work gear and the amount Vs designates a lateral sliding speed vector along the tooth trace produced due to a difference between vectors Vc and Vg.
In a prior art shaving cutter, a multiplicity of serrations 14 are, as depicted in FIG. 12a, formed on respective tooth flanks formed by the ribs 17a and 17b of the shaving cutter 11 in order to obtain cutting action by utilizing the lateral sliding force, thus providing a multiplicity of serrated cutting edges 15 of ribs.
Generally, a cutter axis intersects a work gear axis (B--B) to be shaved at an angle of approximately 4.degree..about.15.degree. which are varied by gear element, whereby the great majority of cutters have their teeth each assuming a helical gear configuration (i.e. each tooth has a helix angle).
Hence, in a prior art shaving cutter as shown in FIG. 12c, the cutter is provided with ribs 27a, 27b, of the serration 24a, 24b orthogonal to a cutter axis (A--A), called axial serrations. These serrations 24a, 24b are manufactured by employing a combshaped cutting tool 26a.
In another prior art shaving cutter illustrated in FIG. 12d, there are provided ribs 17a, 17b of the serrations 14a, 14b orthogonal to the centerline of each of the tooth flanks (C--C), called normal serrations. These serrations 14a, 14b are also manufactured by use of a comb-shaped cutting tool 16b.
However, as illustrate in FIG. 12c, rake angles or hook angles .alpha.a and .alpha.b at cutting edges 25a, 25b of the cutter 21 having the axial serrations 24a, 24b, are completely reverse in positive and negative, with respect to upper and lower tooth flanks as viewed in FIG. 12c formed by the ribs 27a, 27b of the serration, so that the surface finish on both tooth flanks of the shaved gear becomes nonuniform.
On the contrary, in the other prior art cutter having the normal serrations 14a, 14b as seen in FIG. 12d, since both rake angles or hook angles (FIG. 12c, .alpha.a, .alpha.b) are perpendicular to the tooth flank center line (C--C), the surface finish effected by this cutter on both sides of the tooth flanks of the work gear become more symmetric. Thus, actual cutting amounts, as well as surface roughness on both side of the worked gear flanks are symmetrical, on one hand, however, on the other hand, it is known that the absolute cutting quality or sharpness is considerably deteriorated. More specifically, apropos of the shaving work, since the depth of a cut (0.002.about. 0.010 mm) per one gear rotation is remarkably less compared with general machining, a high bite property of the cutting edge is required. For this reason, a shaving cutter having a positive rake or hook angle has more advantages. Whereas in the above normal serration cutter, the rake angle is zero. This implies that the rake angle does not contribute to the cutting quality. As a result, the above normal serration cutter, though it is one of the finishing tools, does not always achieve a desirable result, because the tooth profile and the deflection or runout of the tooth grooves of shaved gear tends to follow the accuracy of the pre-shaving finish (processing).


Systems, apparatuses, and methods include a stop/start module in operative communication with an engine. The stop/start module is configured to determine a target start/stop ratio for an engine based on an operating parameter, determine an actual start/stop ratio for the engine based on a determined number of times that the engine is turned off in response to a determined number of stopping events, activate an inhibiting condition in response to the actual stop ratio being greater than the target stop ratio at a beginning of a driving event, and prevent the engine from turning off during a stop event in response to determining that the inhibiting condition is active and that a stopping event has occurred.

Many vehicles are powered by an engine that consumes fuel to power the vehicle. Oftentimes, vehicle engines remain in an idle operating state even when the vehicle is not moving (e.g., when a vehicle is stopped at a stop sign, in a drive through, in stop-and-go traffic etc.). In such situations, fuel is still consumed by the engine even though the vehicle is not moving. Some vehicles address this problem by employing a stop/start system that automatically shuts down and restarts the engine under certain operating conditions to reduce the amount of fuel consumed by the engine. For example, an engine may be shut off when the vehicle remains in idle for extended periods of time, such as when the vehicle is stopped in a traffic jam, stopped at a train crossing, or placed in park. Stop/start features are typically combined with automatic engine restart. For example, an engine may automatically restart when a condition suggests the need to resume engine torque production (e.g., pressing the accelerator pedal, changing the vehicle from park to drive, etc.). Stop/start features may be used by any vehicle having an engine, including gas powered vehicles, electric powered vehicles, and hybrid vehicles.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.


A method of decoding an encoded video bitstream using at least one processor includes obtaining a coded video sequence including a plurality of output layer sets from the encoded video bitstream; obtaining a first flag indicating whether each output layer set of the plurality of output layer sets includes more than one layer; based on the first flag indicating that the each output layer set includes more than the one layer, obtaining a first syntax element indicating an output layer set mode; selecting at least one layer from among layers included in the plurality of output layer sets as at least one output layer based on at least one of the first flag and the first syntax element; and outputting the at least one output layer.

ITU-T VCEG (Q6/16) and ISO/IEC MPEG (JTC 1/SC 29/WG 11) published the H.265/HEVC (High Efficiency Video Coding) standard in 2013 (version 1) 2014 (version 2) 2015 (version 3) and 2016 (version 4). In 2015, these two standard organizations jointly formed the JVET (Joint Video Exploration Team) to explore the potential of developing the next video coding standard beyond HEVC. In October 2017, they issued the Joint Call for Proposals on Video Compression with Capability beyond HEVC (CfP). By Feb. 15, 2018, total 22 CfP responses on standard dynamic range (SDR), 12 CfP responses on high dynamic range (HDR), and 12 CfP responses on 360 video categories were submitted, respectively. In April 2018, all received CfP responses were evaluated in the 122 MPEG/10th JVET meeting. As a result of this meeting, JVET formally launched the standardization process of next-generation video coding beyond HEVC. The new standard was named Versatile Video Coding (VVC), and JVET was renamed as Joint Video Expert Team.

Method for output layer set signaling in scalable video stream


A single 3-terminal integrated circuit for controlling a switching device provides both control terminal voltage limitation and rapid turn off time. In an alternative embodiment the control circuit is contained in the same package which houses the controlled switching device.

This invention relates, in general, to control circuits and, more particularly, to an integrated control circuit which both limits the gate drive voltage of a MOS device and provides a rapid discharge of the gate of a MOS device.
There are currently available circuits which provide both gate drive voltage limit and gate discharge functions. However, these circuits are comprised of discrete components which are combined and coupled to the MOS device to provide the desired functions. These discrete component circuits not only require additional circuit board space in a given application but ordinarily accomplish the gate discharge function with a single transistor thereby providing a relatively slow turn-off time.

Control circuit for rapid gate discharge


On a side opposite to an observation side of a liquid crystal display panel, a plane light source is disposed which emits an illuminative light for the left eye of three colors of red, green and blue having such a directivity that a peak of emitted light intensity exists in a direction of the observer's left eye, and that for the right eye of three colors of red, green and blue having such a directivity that the peak of emitted light intensity exists in a direction of the right eye. A control unit selects unit color image data of three colors of red, green and blue for the left eye and that of three colors of red, green and blue for the right eye in an optional order to successively write the data in each pixel of the liquid crystal display panel in one frame for displaying a three-dimensional image including images for the right and left eyes, so that an illuminative light having color and directivity corresponding to the written unit color image data is emitted from the plane light source in synchronization with the writing of the unit color image data.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device which displays a three-dimensional color image.
2. Description of the Related Art
There has heretofore been a liquid crystal display device which displays a three-dimensional image. In the device, an image for the left eye is displayed every other row of pixels of a liquid crystal display panel, and an image for the right eye is displayed every remaining other row of pixels. The images for the right and left eyes are observed by the observer's right and left eyes via a lenticular lens or a parallax barrier. The lenticular lens distributes emitted light from one line of pixels and that from the other line of pixels of the liquid crystal display panel in the observer's right and left eye directions. The parallax barrier has a plurality of transmitting and interrupting portions which are alternately arranged in parallel with the pixel line of the liquid crystal display panel and formed in stripes. The above technic are described in for example, Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publication Nos. 03-11889, 07-5455, and 10-268230.
Since the image for the left eye is displayed by the pixels every other row, and the image for the right eye is displayed by the pixels every remaining other row of the liquid crystal display panel in the liquid crystal display device for displaying the three-dimensional images, both the images have low resolution.
Additionally, in the conventional liquid crystal display device, lens portions of the lenticular lens having a lens pitch corresponding to the pixel pitch of the liquid crystal display panel, or transmitting portions of the parallax barrier having a transmitting portion pitch corresponding to the pixel pitch have to be disposed for the pixels of the respective lines of the liquid crystal display panel with a predetermined positional relationship and with good precision. Therefore, it has been difficult to manufacture the device.

Three-dimensional liquid crystal display device


A fuse housing for safe outgassing of a fuse is disclosed. The fuse housing features labyrinth walls disposed at opposing sides of the fuse housing. The labyrinth walls feature serpentine paths for the flow of outgassing material. At an end of the serpentine paths which is farthest away from a fuse element are vent channels. The vent channels are narrower in depth than that of the serpentine paths of the labyrinth walls, facilitating a suctioning effect during outgassing. Conductive material deposits along the serpentine paths so that the fuse maintains a high OSR rating. By directing and controlling the outflow of gases, the fuse housing is able to reduce the temperature of the gases produced. The fuse housing is also able to reduce the physical and observable effects of outgassing.

Fuses are current-sensitive devices which are designed as the intentional weak link in an electrical circuit. The function of the fuse is to provide discrete component or complete circuit protection by reliably melting under overcurrent conditions and thus safely interrupting the flow of current.
Fuses are selected based on the environment to be protected. Parameters such as voltage rating, interrupting rating, time-current characteristics, and current rating, to name a few, are considered when selecting a fuse. The voltage rating indicates the maximum voltage of the circuit for which the fuse is designed to operate safely in the event of an overcurrent. The interrupting rating (also known as breaking capacity or short circuit rating) is the maximum current which the fuse can safely interrupt at the rated voltage. The time-current characteristics determine how fast the fuse responds to different overcurrent events. The current rating is the maximum current which the fuse can continuously carry under specified conditions.
A 12V system is one that has a rated voltage of 12V, but may be connected to a fuse having a 32V interruption voltage. This means that, if the 12V system receives 32V, the fuse will break, creating an open circuit, and protecting the devices/components in the 12V system that the fuse is meant to protect. Similarly, a 48V system may have an interruption voltage of 70V, with the appropriate fuse for interrupting the 70 volts being selected for that system.
When the fuse protecting a circuit breaks, an arc energy is created between the two terminals of the fuse. When the fuse starts to open at the interruption voltage, the arc will occur, causing the metal of the breakable portion of the fuse element, as well as other materials, to melt and deposit within the fuse housing and, where the fuse is vented, and possibly outside the housing as well.
Whatever the voltage rating of the fuse, this arc energy occurs. However, the arc energy is much higher for the 70V system than for the 32V system. A 70V system may experience arc energy that is three times as high, or more, than the 32V system. For a 70V voltage system, the housing strength, outgassing, and Open State Resistance (OSR) of the fuse become a significantly higher challenge than for 32V systems.
It is with respect to these and other considerations that the present improvements may be useful.


Systems and methods for enabling inter-frequency user equipment mobility in shared spectrum communication systems. One example system includes a communication interface coupled to an electronic processor. The electronic processor is configured to, for each of a plurality of base stations, determine a location for the base station. The electronic processor is configured to select at least one handover candidate from the plurality of base stations based on the location and at least one base station characteristic. The electronic processor is configured to determine a channel allocation. The electronic processor is configured to generate, based on the channel allocation of the at least one handover candidate, a neighbor channel list. The electronic processor is configured to transmit the neighbor channel list via the communication interface.

Radio frequency spectrum is divided into frequency bands, which are licensed to users by governments and other agencies. Some frequency bands are reserved for individual users (for example, a particular wireless communication system operator). Other bands are not assigned to particular users, but are instead shared and allocated dynamically among users, for example, by a spectrum management entity. Dynamic spectrum assignments allow users to request and use additional radio frequency spectrum as-needed. For example, the Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) dynamically allocates spectrum to cellular systems in the 3.5 GHz band. In a cellular network using dynamically-assigned radio frequency spectrum, the base stations' channel assignments may change over time.
Skilled artisans will appreciate that elements in the figures are illustrated for simplicity and clarity and have not necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some of the elements in the figures may be exaggerated relative to other elements to help to improve understanding of embodiments of the present invention.
The apparatus and method components have been represented where appropriate by conventional symbols in the drawings, showing only those specific details that are pertinent to understanding the embodiments of the present invention so as not to obscure the disclosure with details that will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of the description herein.

Inter-frequency mobility support for communication systems with dynamic spectrum assignments


A system and process for identifying a client, comprising a client device having a video camera and a voice transmitting and receiving device capable of transmitting a client's image and voice via a communication carrier system and a communications network to a user terminal, whereby the user terminal permits an authentication of the client's image and voice in real time. Another aspect of the present invention includes a method of identifying a fraudster, comprising the steps of using a client device having a video camera and voice transmitting and receiving device to initiate an authentication of a client's identity, transmitting the fraudster's image and voice over a communication carrier system and a communications network to a user terminal, comparing the fraudster's image and voice to client data, and storing the fraudster data.

A number of financial and non-financial institutions have implemented various "online financial transaction" capabilities. Most such services require clients to register a debit/credit card or bank account before sending or receiving funds. As an example, recipients of payments may receive email notifications with a specially coded link to register and authenticate before receiving several payment options, such as depositing or withdrawing funds into a bank or credit card account.
However, authentication in a communication network normally includes confirming a client attempting to access a system or a network. The authentication process is the most basic and essential process of protecting principal assets. Currently, there are three authentication schemes which are primarily used in a communication network.
A first authentication scheme is to confirm something you know, a second authentication scheme is to confirm something you have, and a third authentication scheme is to confirm you yourself. Among the three authentication schemes, the authentication scheme of confirming something the client knows, e.g., a log-on password, is most widely used on computer networks. In this scheme, when a client-input password is correct, the client is authorized. However, in the scheme of confirming the log-on password, a password may be stolen or robbed, exposed due to carelessness, or lost. Furthermore, many users or clients are suffering from password fatigue, and many are looking to simplify the manner in which day-to-day transactions and activities are conducted, including transactions for larger funds. To solve this problem, a more powerful authentication scheme is necessary.
As more powerful authentication, Two-Factor Authentication using a combination of two of the three methods, as mentioned earlier, has been proposed. The two-factor authentication is widely used for applications necessitating powerful client authentication. The two-factor authentication is commonly based on both 'Something you know' and 'Something you have'. Representative examples of the two-factor authentication include a credit card, a cash card, and Internet banking service. The card itself is what a client has physically ("What you have"), and a password corresponding to this card is what the client knows ("What you know"). The two factors are required for successful authentication.
The two-factor authentication greatly reduces losses or damage due to on-line fraudulent use of an ID. This is because one cannot access desired information or system through fraudulent use of a password without holding a card. Accordingly, the two-factor authentication provides much higher security than typical single factor authentication schemes.
However, there are some constraints obstructing spreading of the two-factor authentication. That is, clients tend to dislike carrying something new. Furthermore, enterprises have adopted different two-factor authentications, resulting in low compatibility. Further, the information contained in either three authentication schemes contain static information, that is information that can be "hijacked" if the client's identity is stolen via malicious software and hacking techniques designed to infiltrate personal accounts and personal information. Thus, an authentication scheme capable of providing both powerful security and client-friendliness is urgently needed.
With the recent rapid development of communication network technology, and where rapid acquisition of a substantial amount of information is of importance, and where clients are exponentially more mobile and not bound to a single office in a specific city, clients are demanding advanced solutions utilizing multimedia information including sound, image, and moving picture, in addition to existing telephone and data transmission service, more suited to their needs. Video conference as a representative application using multimedia transmission service has been studied, and developed and implemented in a variety of environments.

Client identification system using video conferencing technology


A thermal door release system is provided that includes a plurality of temperature sensors arranged within multiple environments; a controller; and a release apparatus; wherein the controller, using data from the temperature sensors, monitors the temperatures of the individual environments and when a temperature for an environment reaches a set temperature threshold for that environment, causes an action such as the release apparatus to operate a door to a specified position. The set points and actions to be taken can be set per environment by a user, such that different environments will have different set points. In an embodiment, the system can support staged logic such that at various different user-defined set point temperatures for an environment, specified actions can be taken, for example, sending an email to the facilities manager when the temperature is significantly above normal and closing the door when it reaches a higher set point value.

1. Field
The application relates to operation of doors that isolate smoke and flame from a non-burning area
2. Description of the Related Art
When a fire is detected in a building having fire doors, the fire doors must be kept closed. Keeping these doors closed helps to compartmentalize the fire. In the case of motorized rolling fire doors, fire detection devices are conventionally situated well above the doors or near the ceiling. A typical motorized rolling fire door will include a fusible link disposed a foot or more above the door. A fusible link is made from pieces of metal held together by solder designed to melt when it reaches a certain high temperature. When the fire detection device detects a fire because one or more of the fusible links has melted, the fire doors will be automatically closed. However, in many instances it may be desirable to take action if the temperature is higher than normal though not at the point where the fusible links melt. For example, in a cooler, temperatures normally would be less than 40 degrees F. During the early stages of a fire, the temperature in the cooler would be higher than normal but might not yet be enough to melt a fusible link. As another example, where the indoor temperature in an area is tightly controlled, a significant deviation from the temperature might indicate an abnormal situation warranting alerting a building supervisor or perhaps closing the doors.


A process and apparatus for cleaning filter cake from the interior of a baghouse bag. A nozzle through which compressed gas flows is positioned on the interior of a bag such that gas is directed to, and thereby disrupts, the filter cake. The compressed gas flows in the same direction as a gas that is being filtered by the baghouse, thereby avoiding the effects of reverse-flow cleaning.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to an apparatus and process for removing filter cake from filters primarily used for industrial applications, such as removing fly ash from coal-fired flue gas.
2. Description of the Related Art
In the art of filtration, there is a type of filters commonly referred to as "baghouses." A baghouse is an air pollution abatement device used to trap particulates by filtering gas streams under suction through large fabric tubes called bags. These bags are typically made of glass fibers or fabric. One type of baghouse uses bags that are made of fabrics, such as woven fiberglass, and that are typically 6″, 8″ or 12″ in nominal diameter, with length-to-diameter ratios up to about 60 inches. In operation, the trapped particulates (i.e., "filter cake") is collected on the inside of the bags and subsequently removed. Removal typically is effected by a reverse flow process ("backwash") of clean gas.
In one version of baghouse design, the bottom of the bag is open, the top of the bag is closed, and the dirty gas flow is up into the bag. This is known as the "bottom inlet reverse flow baghouse" or (BI).
Another type of baghouse design is the same as the (BI), except that both ends of the bag are open, the dirty gas enters the top of the bags, and the dirty gas flow is down in the bag. This design is known as the "top inlet reverse flow baghouse" or (TI).
The third type of baghouse uses bags that collect filtrate on the outside of the bag, which are open at the top, closed at the bottom, and cleaned by reverse flow of bursts of compressed air. This design is known as a "pulse—jet baghouse" or (PJ).
Bag collapse during reverse flow cleaning is limited in BIs and TIs by anti-collapse metal rings sewn at variable intervals on the full length of the outside of the bags. PJ bags are supported by internal wire cages that limit collapse when the bags are on line.
BIs are usually cleaned one compartment at a time and return the dirty reverse "air" to the inlet duct ahead of the downstream compartments. The compartments are usually arranged in two parallel rows, both rows served by a common inlet duct, which also receives the dirty gas leaving the compartment being cleaned. The first two compartments in line never see any dirty reverse flow, which is cleaned by the other compartments.
With one or more of the BI compartments off line for cleaning there is variable flow through the baghouse that has to be accommodated by the plant control system. The flow rate for a newly cleaned BI compartment is high and decreases with time on line. The flow rate entering the bottom of a BI bag decreases to zero at the top of the bag because the gas volume rising in the bag decreases as gas leaves the bag. Therefore, in multi-compartment BIs, each compartment operates at a different and variable flow rate.
PJ compartments operate at constant flow rate that does not vary with time on line, and PJ bags are cleaned on line. The flow rate entering the bags is high at the bottom of the bags and decreases to zero at the top of the bags. However, some of the cake blown off during cleaning is recaptured and refiltered by adjacent on line bags.
Similarly, in BIs, some of the particulate (filter cake) is refiltered a variable number of times and in variable amounts depending on the position of the compartment in the baghouse.
The filter cake in both BIs and PJs varies in cake thickness and particle size distribution over the length of every bag. The filter cake in TIs has uniform particle size distribution over the full length of the every bag. TI cake permeability is thought to be uniform over the full length of every bag and decreases with time on line.
The present state-of-the-art for TIs requires off-line cleaning which varies the amount of cloth in service, affects the plant control system, and necessitates some refiltering.
While suitable for their intended purpose, BIs and PJs have some disadvantages as described above. TIs have none of these faults and do have some features that are not possible with the other baghouse designs. Thus, there continues to be a need for improved bag cleaning, especially utilizing a TI design.


When a user wants to transfer display data of a personal computer to project it by a projector, the user firstly mounts a medium on the projector to depress a dedicated button of a remote controller. Then, since a variety of items of information including random numbers generated from the projector are stored on the medium, the user re-mounts the medium on the personal computer. In this state, when the user initiates a dedicated utility, environment setting for wireless communication based on the variety of items of information stored on the medium is performed and a connection request with the random numbers added thereto is transmitted to the projector. The projector received this connection request replies a permission notification on condition of coincidence in random numbers and the personal computer received this notification automatically starts to transfer the display data.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a wireless communication control technique suitably applied to, for example, a wireless projector and a personal computer (PC) for transferring display data to this wireless projector and the like.
2. Description of the Related Art
A projector has been widely used as a apparatus to present a variety of materials to participants in the case of a conference or a presentation. This projector receives the display data from the PC or the like connected with a cable though a connector to project it onto a screen.
In recent years, various sorts of projectors for improving usability have been proposed, wherein the projectors eliminate troublesome work such as reconnection of connectors by adding, for example, network functions when PCs for outputting the display data are replaced (for example, cf., Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publication No. 2003-69923, Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publication No. 2002-247539, and Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publication No. 2003-198870).
Incidentally, an electronic apparatus with a wireless communication function capable of transmitting and receiving data without wires has been widely used lately. For example, as far as a so-called wireless projector with an interface for connecting it to a wireless LAN can receive the display data from PCs brought by each person, through wireless communication to project it.
However, it is hard for a user not familiar with the wireless LAN to conduct environment setting of wireless communication, for example, a service set identification (SSID), a wired equivalent privacy (WEP) key and the like. It is very important for the wireless LAN to take security measures for restrict the wireless communication to other than an authorized party.

Electronic apparatus and wireless communication control method


One leg of a connector connector is embedded inside a slot cut in a base panel structure. Adjacent laterally extensive legs overlap and are bonded to the face sheet of the base panel structure. Structural members can be attached to the remaining leg(s) of the connector. The legs bonded to the base panel structure enable loads to be transferred to or from the panel structure, and enable peel-off loads to be distributed through the base panel structure.

1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to connector-less attachments for structural members, and more particularly to a connection between a base substrate of sandwich construction and a load supporting "take-off" member, where large transverse loads can be applied to the base substrate for a wide range of service temperatures, including cryogenic temperatures.
2. Description of the Related Art
Structural connections between a sandwich or honeycomb substrate and another structural member are well known in the prior art. As an example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,671,470 to Jonas discloses a connection between sandwich skin panels and aircraft frame elements using an "H"-shaped woven composite connector. A groove is formed in the panel, and lateral extensions of the connector mid-portion are positioned over adjacent lateral surface regions of the substrate. A structural foam filler is positioned between the lower leg portions of the connector before it is inserted in the groove in the panel. After being positioned in the panel groove, the connector is secured using a bonding agent. The structural foam filler serves the purpose of backing up the connector legs to insure that they make broad area contact with the walls of the groove and enhancing its ability to transfer the shear load across the groove.
Other devices for transferring loads to and from sandwich panel structures include those taught by U.S. Pat. No. 4,800,643 to Higgins (teaches a method for mounting a fastener in a sandwich panel to support a bolt for holding auxiliary structures to the panel), and U.S. Pat. No. 5,093,957 to Do and U.S. Pat. No. 4,981,735 to Rickson (both teach mounting upper and lower disks with co-linear bores in a sandwich panel for the purpose of attaching external structure to the panel via the bores). Other similar devices are disclosed by U.S. Pat. No. 3,510,916 to Phelan, U.S. Pat. No. 3,892,099 to Worgan et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 3,305,996 to Shapiro.
The cruciform of the present invention facilitates easier installation into the sandwich panel as compared with existing art technologies. Installation of the cruciform requires only cutting a slot through the face sheet and core of the sandwich panel. This slot can be accomplished in a single cutting operation that can be performed after the sandwich structure is fabricated. Cutting the slot after the sandwich structure is fabricated provides the flexibility to accurately locate the cruciform on the sandwich panel at a later stage in the assembly process, thereby reducing the effect of assembly and manufacturing tolerance buildup.
By comparison, Jonas, U.S. Pat. No. 4,671,470, discloses a design which requires that a finite-width strip of face sheet and core be removed from the sandwich panel to form a groove for installing the H-shaped connector, or that a groove be prefabricated into the sandwich panel. Removing a strip of core to form a groove is difficult because removal requires that the core strip be severed from the inner face sheet. This operation increases the risk of damage to the inner face sheet. Prefabricating a groove into the panel significantly increases the complexity of the sandwich panel tooling and manufacturing process and greatly reduces the: capability of the design to accommodate the buildup of manufacturing and assembly tolerances.
Embodiments of the present invention avoid these drawbacks and difficulties as herein described.
Against this background, the applicant has developed a novel apparatus and method for securing a structural member to a sandwich panel that will allow transverse take-off loading through the fastener.

Embedded connector attached to a base panel


A process for the preparation of an ink comprised of an organic solvent, a colorant and a latex, and wherein the latex is generated from the polymerization of a mixture of an anionic surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, and a mixture of olefinic monomers, followed by the addition of an organic solvent.

The present invention is generally directed to ink compositions, and processes thereof, and more specifically, the present invention is directed to processes for the preparation of colored aqueous, or water containing ink compositions particularly suitable for use in ink jet printing processes, and especially thermal ink jet processes, and other similar processes, and wherein there is permitted minimal or no kogation, inks with suitable particle sizes, minimal intercolor bleed for the images developed, and wherein paper curl is minimized and image smearing is minimal, or avoided. The inks in embodiments of the present invention are comprised of an ink vehicle, colorant, and additives, and wherein the inks exhibit no or minimal kogation or heater deposits when used with a high glass transition resin that is designed to complement the colorant. Prevention of heater deposits/kogation enables for example, superior ink jetting performance and enhanced life in the printhead, and excellent thermal stability of the ink, for example the ink usually will not decompose or settle for extended time periods of up to about one year.

Ink jet ink compositions and processes thereof


The present application discloses a method of fingerprint identification, a fingerprint identification apparatus, a fingerprint identification chip and a terminal device. The method includes: detecting a value of a light signal reflected by a finger when a touch signal of the finger is received on a fingerprint identification area; determining whether the value of the light signal is within a preset numerical range; and determining a fingerprint contacting the fingerprint identification area is a live fingerprint if the value of the light signal is within the numerical range. Therefore, when a finger presses a fingerprint identification area, it is judged that a fingerprint contacting the fingerprint identification area is a live fingerprint or a non-live fingerprint through a value of a light signal reflected by the finger, thereby improving security of a fingerprint password.

A fingerprint image can be drawn by using a difference of reflection of light on finger pattern, and fingerprint identification is implemented on an electronic device according to discrimination of fingerprint feature points, such as a mobile phone. However, for a conventional fingerprint identification method, it is required to acquire a fingerprint image for fingerprint identification in a fingerprint identification process, and thus a fingerprint password can be easily cracked as long as a fake finger or a fake fingerprint film is made from a material, such as rubber and plasticine, which causes a huge loss in information security and property safety.

Method and apparatus of fingerprint identification and terminal device


A wiring substrate includes a first insulating layer, an adhesion insulating layer formed under the first insulating layer and an outer face of the adhesion insulating layer is made to a roughened face, a first wiring layer formed on the first insulating layer, a second insulating layer formed on the first insulating layer, and in which a first via hole reaching the first wiring layer is provided, a second wiring layer formed on the second insulating layer, and connected to the first wiring layer through the first via hole, a second via hole formed in the adhesion insulating layer and the first insulating layer, and reaching the first wiring layer, and a third wiring layer formed on the outer face of the adhesion insulating layer, and connected to the first wiring layer through the second via hole.

In the prior art, there are wiring substrates for mounting electronic components such as semiconductor chips. As such wiring substrates, there are coreless type wiring substrates having no core substrate. The coreless type wiring substrates are manufactured based on forming desired build-up wiring layers on a supporting member and then removing the supporting member. A related art is disclosed in Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 11-289163, Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 2008-153580, and Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 2009-88429.


The present application is directed to toner cartridges for use with an image forming device. The toner cartridges may include a body with an interior reservoir that contains toner. The toner cartridges are removable from the image forming device and may be replaced, such as upon depletion of the toner from the interior reservoir. The cartridges include an electrical connector for connection to the main body. The electrical connector is movable relative to the body to facilitate engagement of the cartridge with the image forming device.

The present application is directed to a cartridge for use with an image forming device and, more particularly, to a cartridge with a connector that is movable relative to the body of the cartridge for connecting with the image forming device.
Laser image forming devices include one or more photoconductive members that are generally cylindrical with a smooth surface. The photoconductive members receive a uniform electrostatic charge over the surface and rotate past a scanning laser that locally discharges the photoconductive member to form an electrostatic latent image representative of the outputted image.
Toner is originally stored within removable cartridges. The cartridges are connected to the device such that the toner can be moved to develop the latent image formed on the photoconductive member. Electrostatic forces attract the toner to the areas of the photoconductive members that have been discharged by the scanning laser. The toner images formed on the photoconductive members are then transferred either directly or indirectly to a media sheet. A mono-color image may be formed by a single toner layer that is transferred to the media sheet. A multi-color image may be formed by two or more toner layers of different colors that are transferred in an overlapping arrangement to the media sheet. Ultimately, the toner is fused to the media sheet to form the final printed sheet.
The cartridges are removable from the image forming device and may be replaced as necessary, such as upon depletion of the toner. The cartridges should include an electrical connection to engage and/or communicate with the image forming device upon insertion of the cartridge into the device. The electrical connection should be constructed to facilitate the connection between the cartridge and the device.

Cartridge with a movable electrical connector for use with an image forming device


Problems exist in areas such as image visibility, endurance of the device, precision, miniaturization, and electric power consumption in an information device having a conventional resistive film method or optical method pen input function. Both EL elements and photoelectric conversion elements are arranged in each pixel of a display device in an information device of the present invention having a pen input function. Information input is performed by the input of light to the photoelectric conversion elements in accordance with a pen that reflects light by a pen tip. An information device with a pen input function, capable of displaying a clear image without loss of brightness in the displayed image, having superior endurance, capable of being miniaturized, and having good precision can thus be obtained.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an information device having a function for inputting information by using means such as a pen. In particular, the present invention relates to an information device in which pen input operations are performed on a screen of a display device. The present invention relates to an EL display device using EL elements as the display device, and further, relates to electronic devices, such as portable information devices, having the information device of the present invention.
Note that, in this specification, the term EL element denotes an EL element utilizing both light emission from singlet excitons (fluorescence) and light emission from triplet excitons (phosphorescence).
2. Description of the Related Art
The demand for pen input method portable information devices has risen in terms of miniaturization and operability. The pen input method is a method for the input of information by using a specialized pen or arbitrary pen, and by either contacting pen tip to a display screen, or bringing the pen tip close to the display screen.
Namely, input of information corresponding to positions indicated by the pen tip on the display screen is performed. The display screen also functions as a pen input screen. It is necessary to specify the positions indicated by the pen on the pen input screen with this pen input method, and methods such as a resistive film method and an optical method exist as means for the pen input.
The resistive film method is explained first.
FIG. 7 is a cross sectional diagram showing the structure of a resistive film pen input device. Note that a pen input device 7711 is formed overlapping with and on the upper portion of a display device 7708. The display device 7708 has a display portion 7709 and a peripheral circuit 7710.
A movable electrode 7701 and a fixed electrode 7702 sandwich dot spacers 7704 in the pen input device 7711, and both are connected in parallel with a gap of approximately 100 to 300 xcexcm by a lamination material 7703. The movable electrode 7701 and the fixed electrode 7702 are formed by conductive materials having transparency so that images projected on the display portion 7709 of the display device 7708 can be seen through the pen input device 7711. In general, an indium tin oxide (ITO) film is used as the conductive material having transparent properties.
The movable electrode 7701 touches the fixed electrode 7702 in a position indicated by the input pen 7704 on the pen input device 7711 with the resistive film method (input point A in FIG. 7). At this time, in the method, the position of the input point A is read out as the ratio of resistances R1 and R2 from two position detection electrodes 7706 and 7707.
Specifically, an example of performing position read out is shown in FIG. 8. A pressure is applied by an input pen 807 from a movable electrode 801 side and there is contact between the movable electrode 801 and a fixed electrode 802 at the input point A. A voltage is applied between two electrodes 803 and 804 of the movable electrode 801 here, and an electric potential gradient is generated within the movable electrode 801. By measuring the electric potential VA of the input point A at this point, resistance values Rx1 and Rx2 from the electrode 803 and the electrode 804 to the input point A can be found. If the film quality of the movable electrode 801 is assumed to be uniform, then the resistance values Rx1 and Rx2 are proportional to the distances from the electrodes 803 and 804 to the input point A, respectively.
Similarly, a voltage is applied between two electrodes 805 and 806 of the fixed electrode 802, and an electric potential gradient within the fixed electrode 802 is generated. By knowing the electric potential VA of the input point A at this point, resistance values Ry1 and Ry2 from the electrode 805 and the electrode 806 to the input point A can be found. If the film quality of the fixed electrode 802 is assumed to be uniform here, then the resistance values Ry1 and Ry2 are proportional to the distances from the electrodes 805 and 806 to the point A, respectively. The position of the input point A can thus be determined.
Note that the method of measuring the electric potential of the input point A for measuring the position of the input point A is not limited to the above structure, and various other methods can also be used.
An optical method pen input device is explained next. A schematic diagram of an upper surface of the optical method pen input device is shown in FIG. 9A.
If a pen tip of an input pen 901 makes contact to an input portion 902, the contact position is detected. The position detection operation is explained.
X-1 light emitting diodes (hereafter referred to as LEDs) 21 to 2x are arranged in a right edge portion in the periphery of the input portion 902, and x-1 phototransistors (hereafter referred to as PTs) 31 to 3x are arranged in a left edge portion of the input portion 902, opposite the LEDs 21 to 2x. The light emitting diodes and the phototransistors are embedded in a frame 4.
Y-1 LEDs 51 to 5y are arranged in a lower edge portion, and y-1 PTs 61 to 6y are arranged in an upper edge portion, opposite the LEDs 51 to 5y. The LEDs and the PTs are embedded in the frame 4.
The LEDs 21 to 2x and the PTs 31 to 3x form x-1 horizontal direction touch input lines, and the LEDs 51 to 5y and the PTs 61 to 6y form y-1 vertical direction touch input lines.
The term touch input lines refer to paths along which light emitted from the LEDs travels when input to the PTs between pairs of opposing LEDs and PTs.
Note that although PTs are used as the components having reference numerals 31 to 3x and 61 to 6y, there is no limitation associated with PTs, and other components can be freely used provided that they are photoelectric conversion elements that convert light into an electric signal.
In order to increase the directionality of light emitted from the LEDs 21 to 2x and 51 to 5x, and made incident on the PTs 31 to 3x and 61 to 6x, hole shaped slits 7 are formed in front of the frame 4 in which each of the elements is embedded.
FIG. 9B is a cross sectional diagram along a line segment axe2x80x94a of FIG. 9A. A display device 910 is formed in a portion below the pen input device. The display device 910 is structured by a display portion 911 and a peripheral circuit 912. Differing from the resistive film method, it is possible to directly see images displayed in the display portion 911.
FIG. 9A is again referenced.
The emission of light and the receiving of light are performed one pair at a time from the edge for the pairs of opposing LEDs and PTs. This operation (hereafter referred to as scanning) is performed at the same time for the horizontal direction touch input lines and the vertical direction touch input lines in the pen input device having the above structure.
One point within the input portion 902 is indicated by the input pen 901. The input point A within FIG. 9A is indicated. Light is cutoff between two touch lines 2n to 3n and 5m to 6m at this point, and the position A at which the input pen 901 contacts is recognized.
It is necessary to mechanically change the shape of the movable electrode as information is input with the resistive film method. The movable electrode thus fatigues with repeated shape change, and there is the possibility of it being broken. This becomes an endurance problem.
Further, even if damage does not reach actual breakage, the ITO film conductivity becomes non-uniform due to repeated deformation and in the case where minute cracks on the order of micrometers in size are formed during manufacturing process. Therefore, problems in the precision of input pen location detection develop.
In addition, the display device image is read out through the two electrodes, the movable electrode and the fixed electrode. The transmittivity of the transparent electrodes is not 100% at this time, and therefore light from the display device is attenuated and brightness of the image falls, generating visibility problems with the screen. The intensity of light emitted form the display device consequently must be made stronger so as to increase the brightness of the image. and there is a problem with increased power consumption of the device.
Further, when stress opposing substrate is applied from the outside of the device, and the distance between the two electrodes, the movable electrode and the fixed electrode, becomes equal to or less than 40 xcexcm, then a problem exists in which Newton rings appear due to an interference effect of light reflected between the two electrodes.
In addition, this is a capacitor structure in which the two electrodes are arranged in parallel, and therefore consumption is large when a battery electric power source is used. This is a large problem for portable information devices in which low power consumption is desired.
On the other hand, there are no mechanical endurance problems with the optical method pen input device because it is not necessary for the thin films to repeatedly be deformed as with the resistive film method. Further, the display device is not seen through transparent electrodes, and therefore problems with screen visibility are also few.
However, for cases where light emitted from the light emitting elements is not received in a straight line by the paired light receiving elements, there is a possibility that recognition will not be made even if the input pen or the like indicates the position.
Furthermore, it is necessary to form columns of light emitting elements and light receiving elements, slits and the like on the display device, and therefore there is a problem in that it is difficult to make the device smaller.
With an information device having a pen input function according to the present invention, both EL (electroluminescence) elements and photoelectric conversion elements are arranged in pixels of a display device, and input of information is performed by a pen reflecting light in a tip of the pen.
EL elements are self light emitting elements, and are mainly used in EL display devices. EL display devices are also referred to as organic EL display devices (organic EL displays, OELDs) and organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs).
The EL element is structured by sandwiching an EL layer between a pair of electrodes (an anode and a cathode). The EL layer normally has a lamination structure. A lamination structure proposed by Tang, et al. of Eastman Kodak Corp. having a hole transporting layer, a light emitting layer, and an electron transporting layer can be typically given. This structure is known to emit light with extremely high efficiency.
Further, other lamination structures may also be formed on the electrode, such as a lamination of a hole injecting layer, a hole transporting layer, a light emitting layer, and an electron transporting layer, and a lamination structure of a hole injecting layer, a hole transporting layer, a light emitting layer, an electron transporting layer, and an electron injecting layer. A material such as a fluorescent pigment may also be doped into the light emitting layer.
The term EL layer indicates all of the layers formed between a pair of electrodes in this specification. The layers such as the hole injecting layer, the hole transporting layer, the light emitting layer, the electron transporting layer, and the electron injecting layer stated above are therefore all contained within the category of EL layers. A predetermined voltage is applied to the above structured EL layers from the pair of electrodes. Recombination of the carrier thus occurs in the light emitting layer, and light is emitted.
Note that the EL layer is not limited to one having a lamination structure in which the layers are clearly separated, such as the hole injecting layer, the hole transporting layer, the light emitting layer, the electron transporting layer, and the electron injecting layer. Namely, the EL layer may also take a structure having a layer in which materials structuring the layers such as the hole injecting layer, the hole transporting layer, the light emitting layer, the electron transporting layer, and the electron injecting layer are mixed.
For example, an EL layer with a structure having a mixed layer between an electron transporting layer and a light emitting layer, the mixed layer structured by a material structuring an electron transporting layer (hereafter referred to as an electron transporting material) and a material structuring a light emitting layer (hereafter referred to as a light emitting material), may also be used.
Note that low molecular weight materials, high molecular weight materials, and intermediate molecular weight materials may all be used for the EL layer.
Note also that, within this specification, the term intermediate molecular weight material indicates a material which does not have sublimation properties and in which the length of molecules linked together is 10 xcexcm or less.
Photodiodes and the like can be used as the photoelectric conversion elements. The term photodiode denotes an element having an anode electrode, a cathode electrode, and a photoelectric conversion layer between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode in this specification.
Note that photodiodes are not limited to this structure, and PIN structure photodiodes having a photoelectric conversion layer constituted of a p-type semiconductor layer, an n-type semiconductor layer and an i-type (intrinsic) semiconductor layer between the p-type semiconductor layer and the n-type semiconductor layer may also be used. Further, a PN type photodiode constituted of a p-type semiconductor layer and an n-type semiconductor layer may also be used.
Furthermore, an element having a photoelectric conversion layer made from an organic compound or the like may also be used as the photoelectric conversion element.
If light is irradiated after applying an inverse bias voltage between the cathode electrode and the anode electrode of a photodiode (hereafter referred to as between the photodiode electrodes), then the voltage between the electrodes is lowered by a carrier developing due to the light. The amount that the voltage drops becomes larger as the intensity of the irradiated light becomes stronger. Light is thus detected as an electric signal by the ratio of the voltage in the case where light is irradiated to the photodiode and the voltage in the case where there is no irradiation of light.
EL elements and photodiodes are formed in a matrix shape on the same substrate, and the operation of each of the EL elements and the photodiodes is controlled by using thin film transistors (TFTs) similarly formed in a matrix shape.
An information device that displays a clear image without losing image brightness and that is excellent in durability, enabling miniaturization, having good precision, and having a low electric power consumption pen input function can thus be obtained.
Structures of the information device of the present invention are stated below.
In accordance with the present invention, there is provided an information device having:
a plurality of pixels; an input pen; and an EL element and a photoelectric conversion element in each of the plurality of pixels; characterized in that:
light emitted from the EL elements is reflected by the input pen; and the light reflected by the input pen performs information input by being input to the photoelectric conversion elements.
The information device may also be characterized in that the EL elements and the photoelectric conversion elements are formed on the same substrate.
The information device may also be characterized in that the photoelectric conversion elements are photodiodes.
In accordance with the present invention, there is provided an information device having:
a plurality of pixels;
an EL display source signal line driver circuit;
an EL display gate signal line driver circuit;
a plurality of EL display source signal lines;
a plurality of EL display gate signal lines;
a plurality of electric power source supply lines; and
an input pen; characterized in that;
the EL display source signal line driver circuit inputs signals to the plurality of EL display source signal lines;
the EL display gate signal line driver circuit inputs signals to the plurality of EL display gate signal lines;
the plurality of pixels each have an EL display portion and a sensor portion;
the EL display portion and the sensor portion are formed on the same substrate;
the EL display portion has a switching TFT, an EL driver TFT, and an EL element;
a gate electrode of the switching TFT is connected to one of the plurality of EL display gate signal lines;
one of a source region and a drain region of the switching TFT is connected to one of the plurality of EL display source signal lines, and the other of the source region and the drain region of the switching TFT is connected to a gate electrode of the EL driver TFT;
one of a source region and a drain region of the EL driver TFT is connected to one of the plurality of electric power source supply lines, and the other of the source region and the drain region of the EL driver TFT is connected to the EL element;
the sensor portion has a photodiode;
light emitted by the EL element is reflected by the input pen; and
input of information is performed in accordance with the light reflected by the input pen being input to the photodiode.
In accordance with the present invention, there is provided an information device having:
plurality of pixels;
a sensor source signal line driver circuit;
a sensor gate signal line driver circuit;
a plurality of sensor output wirings;
a plurality of sensor gate signal lines;
a plurality of reset gate signal lines;
a plurality of sensor electric power source lines; and
an input pen; characterized in that:
the sensor source signal line driver circuit reads in signals from the plurality of sensor output wirings;
the sensor gate signal line driver circuit outputs signals to the plurality of sensor gate signal lines and to the plurality of reset gate signal lines;
the plurality of pixels each have an EL display portion and a sensor portion;
the EL display portion and the sensor portion are formed on the same substrate;
the sensor portion has a selection TFT, a buffer TFT, a reset TFT, and a photodiode;
a gate electrode of the selection TFT is connected to one of the plurality of sensor gate signal lines;
one of a source region and a drain region of the selection TFT is connected to one of the plurality of sensor output wirings, and the other of the source region and the drain region of the selection TFT is connected to one of a source region and a drain region of the buffer TFT;
one of the source region and the drain region of the buffer TFT, which is not connected to the selection TFT, is connected to one of the plurality of sensor electric power source lines;
a gate electrode of the buffer TFT is connected to the photodiode and to a source region or a drain region of the reset TFT;
one of the source region and the drain region of the reset TFT, which is not connected to the buffer TFT, is connected to one of the plurality of sensor electric power source lines;
a gate electrode of the reset TFT is connected to one of the plurality of the reset gate signal lines;
the EL display portion has an EL element;
light emitted by the EL element is reflected by the input pen; and
input of information is performed in accordance with the light reflected by the input pen being input to the photodiode.
In accordance with the present invention, there is provided an information device having:
a plurality of pixels;
an EL display source signal line driver circuit;
an EL display gate signal line driver circuit;
a sensor source signal line driver circuit;
a sensor gate signal line driver circuit;
a plurality of EL display source signal lines;
a plurality of EL display gate signal lines;
a plurality of electric power source supply lines;
a plurality of sensor output wirings;
a plurality of sensor gate signal lines;
a plurality of reset gate signal lines;
a plurality of sensor electric power source lines; and
an input pen; characterized in that:
the EL display source signal line driver circuit outputs signals to the plurality of EL display source signal lines;
the EL display gate signal line driver circuit outputs signals to the plurality of EL display gate signal lines;
the sensor source signal line driver circuit reads in signals from the plurality of sensor output wirings;
the sensor gate signal line driver circuit outputs signals to the plurality of sensor gate signal lines and to the plurality of reset gate signal lines;
the plurality of pixels each have an EL display portion and a sensor portion;
the EL display portion and the sensor portion are formed on the same substrate;
the EL display portion has a switching TFT, an EL driver TFT, and an EL element;
a gate electrode of the switching TFT is connected to one of the plurality of EL display gate signal lines;
one of a source region and a drain region of the switching TFT is connected to one of the plurality of EL display source signal lines, and the other of the source region and the drain region of the switching TFT is connected to a gate electrode of the EL driver TFT;
one of a source region and a drain region of the EL driver TFT is connected to one of the plurality of electric power source supply lines, and the other of the source region and the drain region of the EL driver TFT is connected to the EL element;
the sensor portion has a selection TFT, a buffer TFT, a reset TFT, and a photodiode;
a gate electrode of the selection TFT is connected to one of the plurality of sensor gate signal lines;
one of a source region and a drain region of the selection TFT is connected to one of the plurality of sensor output wirings, and the other of the source region and the drain region of the selection TFT is connected to one of a source region and a drain region of the buffer TFT;
one of the source region and the drain region of the buffer TFT, which is not connected to the selection TFT, is connected to one of the plurality of sensor electric-power source lines;
a gate electrode of the buffer TFT is connected to the photodiode and to a source region or a drain region of the reset TFT;
one of the source region and the drain region of the reset TFT, which is not connected to the buffer TFT, is connected to one of the plurality of sensor electric power source lines;
a gate electrode of the reset TFT is connected to one of the plurality of the reset gate signal lines;
light emitted by the EL element is reflected by the input pen; and
input of information is performed in accordance with the light reflected by the input pen being input to the photodiode.
The information device may also be one in which the EL display source signal line driver circuit and the EL display gate signal line driver circuit are formed on the same substrate as the EL display portion and the sensor portion.
The information device may also be one in which the sensor source signal line driver circuit and the sensor gate signal line driver circuit are formed on the same substrate as the EL display portion and the sensor portion.
The information device may also be characterized in that the EL display source signal line driver circuit, the EL display gate signal line driver circuit, the sensor source signal line driver circuit and the sensor gate signal line driver circuit are formed on the same substrate as the EL display portion and the sensor portion.
The information device may also be characterized in that the photodiode has an anode electrode, a cathode electrode, and a photoelectric conversion layer sandwiched between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode.
The information device may also be characterized in that the photoelectric conversion layer is structured by an organic material.
The information device may also be characterized in that the photodiode has a p-type semiconductor layer, an n-type semiconductor layer, and a photoelectric conversion layer sandwiched between the p-type semiconductor layer and the n-type semiconductor layer.
The information device may also be characterized in that the photoelectric conversion layer is structured by an amorphous semiconductor.
The information device may also be characterized in that:
light emitted from the EL elements is irradiated to a surface of an object;
the light irradiated to the surface of the object is reflected by the surface of the object; and
information regarding the surface of the object is input as an image in accordance with the light reflected by the surface of the object being input to the photoelectric conversion elements.
The information device may also be characterized in that information regarding the surface of the object is biological information.
The information device may also be characterized in that the biological information is a palm print.
The information device may also be characterized in that the biological information is a finger print.
The information device may also be a portable information terminal or a PDA.

Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd.


Compositions and methods for inhibiting cancer cell metastasis and inflammation are disclosed. The methods generally involve administering to a subject a composition containing an agent that selectively inhibits the binding of p68 RNA helicase to calmodulin (CaM) in the cells.

While there have been tremendous advances in cancer research and treatment, cancer is the second leading cause of death in the U.S. About 90% of these deaths are due to metastasis, which is the ability of cancer cells to migrate from their tissue of origin and colonize elsewhere in the body.

Method to prevent cancer metastasis and inhibit inflammation by inhibition of p68 interaction with calmodulin


A method comprises inspecting a ceramic matrix composite component assembled in a gas turbine engine to determine an extent of damage to the ceramic matrix composite component, determining a repair technique to repair the damage to the ceramic matrix composite component based on the extent of damage to the ceramic matrix composite component, and repairing the ceramic matrix composite component using the repair technique.

Gas turbine engines are used to power aircraft, watercraft, power generators, and the like. Gas turbine engines typically include a compressor, a combustor, and a turbine. The compressor compresses air drawn into the engine and delivers high-pressure air to the combustor. In the combustor, fuel is mixed with the high-pressure air and is ignited. Products of the combustion reaction in the combustor are directed into the turbine where work is extracted to drive the compressor and, sometimes, an output shaft. Left-over products of the combustion are exhausted out of the turbine and may provide thrust in some applications.
Products of the combustion reaction directed into the turbine are conducted toward airfoils included in stationary vanes and rotating blades of the turbine. The airfoils, shrouds, and combustor components are often made from high-temperature resistant materials and/or are actively cooled by supplying relatively cool air to the vanes and blades due to the high temperatures of the combustion products. To this end, some airfoils for vanes and blades, shrouds, seals, and combustor components are incorporating composite materials adapted to withstand very high temperatures. However, ceramic matrix composite materials have a relatively low capability when subjected to impact from domestic or foreign object debris compared to components made from metallic materials.

Methods for health monitoring of ceramic matrix composite components in gas turbine engines

Rolls-Royce High Temperature Composites Inc.


The present embodiments relates to a magnetic resonance tomography system having a coil system. The coil system includes an upper part having at least one antenna and a lower part having at least one antenna. The upper part of the coil arrangement is disposed above a bore for receiving an examination subject. The lower part of the coil arrangement is disposed below a field of view of the magnetic resonance tomography system. The lower part of the coil arrangement is closer to the examination subject than the upper part of the coil arrangement.

The present embodiments relate to a coil arrangement for a magnetic resonance tomography system.
Magnetic resonance devices for examining objects or patients using magnetic resonance tomography (e.g., magnetic resonance imaging) are known, for example, from DE10314215B4, U.S. Ser. No. 12/392,537, US20080094064A1 and U.S. Pat. No. 7,417,432B2.
In MR tomography, images having a high signal-to-noise ratio are acquired using local coil arrangements (e.g., loops, local coils). MR tomography includes exciting nuclei of an examination subject (e.g., a patient) to emit radiation, causing a voltage to be induced in a coil receiving the radiation. The voltage is amplified using a low-noise preamplifier (e.g., LNA) and forwarded at the MR frequency via cable to receive electronics. In order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio, including in the case of high-resolution images, use is made of high-field systems. The basic field strengths of the high-field systems range up to around 3 Tesla and higher. Since the high-field system enables more coil elements (e.g., loops) to be connected to an MR receiving system than there are receivers present, a switching array (e.g., an RCCS), for example, is installed between receive antennas and receivers. The switching array routes the currently active receive channels to the receivers present. This enables more coil elements to be connected than there are receivers present, since in the case of whole-body coverage, coils that are located in the field of view (FoV) or in the homogeneity volume of the magnet may only be read out.
In the following description, the individual antennas of a coil arrangement are also referred to as coil elements. A coil arrangement may include one coil element or (in the case of an array coil) a plurality of coil elements. A coil arrangement includes (e.g., in the case of a local coil) the coil elements (e.g., antennas), the preamplifier, further electronics and cabling, a housing, and may include a cable with plug, using which the coil arrangement is connected to the system. An "MRT system" may be an MR scanner facility. A patient, for example, lies in an MR scanner on a spine array coil integrated in a table (e.g., a patient couch) and, for example, on the lower part (posterior part) of a head coil. All the other coils or coil parts (e.g., anterior part head, anterior abdomen coils (body matrix), peripheral angio array (PAA) coils) may be attached close to the body on the anterior side (e.g., upper side) of the patient. In this case, some of the coils are placed directly onto the patient (e.g., body matrix coil, PAA), or the coils enclose the anatomy of the patient close to the body (e.g., a head coil).
Imaging using a body coil alone as a receive antenna does not produce the desired image quality, and this approach is not suited for use in parallel imaging. When local coils are disposed at a greater distance from the patient, the inherent noise of the local coil becomes increasingly dominant, leading to poor image quality, for which reason the coils may be deployed as close as possible to the body.


A method and apparatus for packaging food products provides evacuation of air and application of purging gas in two stages. The first stage evacuates air and applies an initial gas flush to a first group of packages while the second stage provides an evacuation of a portion of the gas initially applied and applies a second gas flush to the group and then seals the packages. The packages include food containing bases which enter the first stage station of the apparatus where lidding material is laid over a small leading portion of the group, and as this group is transported to the second stage station the lidding material is fed onto the remainder of the bases of the group. Each station includes an evacuation chamber having a base receiving cavity, the second station including base receiving dies acting in conjunction with a heater for bonding the lidding material to the bases. The cavity is closed after two groups of bases have been indexed into the cavity. After the evacuation and gas flush the dies are moved upwardly to force the group in the second station against the heater to bond the lidding material to the base. The cavity is thereafter opened so that the group of bases in the second stage may be removed and the group in the first stage may be indexed to the second stage while a third group is indexed into the first stage.

This invention relates to the packaging of food products, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for forming hermetically sealed packages which have been purged of air by multiple flushing of the packages with inert gas to retain the food products in a fresh state.
It is known in the art of packaging processed food to evacuate air from the packages by the application of subatmospheric pressure commonly called drawing a vacuum, and thereafter hermetically sealing the packages to retain the original freshness of the product. Since a perfect vacuum is substantially impossible to attain within the earth's atmosphere, and since low subatmospheric pressures are difficult and costly to attain, it is common, when packaging certain food products, to flush the packages with relatively inert gas which substantially displaces the air. This flushing may be used together with or in lieu of the evacuation step. However, unless a substantial amount of gas is utilized, a certain amount of air, which contains various food spoiling impurities, remains in the packages resulting in a shortened shelf life. In order to increase the amount of purging gas supplied to the packages and thereby flush more air from the packages utilizing prior art methods and apparatus would require that the processing time be substantially increased, thereby increasing the packaging cost. The disadvantage of increased cost appears not to be justified by the increased shelf life of the product's package. Consequently, a single application of gas to flush the packages is the manner in which the prior art has developed.
In the formation of the packages, a thermoplastic material is heated and formed by dyes at a forming station to form a base having one or more food containing cavities. The base is moved to a food dispensing station and the food is placed into the cavities. It then moves to a station wherein a covering of lidding material is laid over the base. The evacuation and/or flushing thereafter is performed and the lidding material and base are pressed together and sealed. There are generally two methods for applying the flushing gas to the packages. One of the method applies the gas through a series of hollow pins disposed in a slit made in the forming material or the lidding material, the pins being intermediate the sealing heater and thus the later sealed portions of the materials and small clips outside of the seal area which hold the materials together while the gas is applied. Since the pins must of necessity be of a relatively small diameter, a small area is presented through which the gas flows and thus the gasing time is relatively long. Additionally, the slit has to be sealed. An improvement to this method is the use of a nozzle system whereby the gas is applied through one or more nozzles and directed between the forming material and the lidding material outside of the subsequently sealed area. Although this method provides a faster flush because of the larger area through which the gas may flow, the available area is still relatively small so that the gasing time is still relatively large.


The invention relates to a tunnel erasing device for a non-volatile semiconductor memory device comprising a source region and a drain region, a floating gate electrode having a part superposed on at least one of them through a gate insulating layer, and a control gate electrode disposed over the floating gate electrode through an interlayer insulating layer and is characterized as having a preliminary erasing operation in which a voltage is so applied to at least one of the source or drain region, with the control gate electrode grounded, that a relatively lower voltage than a predetermined voltage is applied preliminarily prior to applying thereto the predetermined voltage.

This invention relates to a non-volatile semiconductor memory device which is electrically erasable and programmable and in particular to a non-volatile semiconductor memory device permitting an erasing operation having excellent controllability and reliability.
Heretofore, as non-volatile semiconductor memory devices, stored content of which can be rewritten, EPROM and E.sup.2 PROM are widely used. The EPROM and the E.sup.2 PROM have been characterized as having a high integration capacity and low cost accompanied thereby and by a high function (easiness of use) to rewrite electrically the stored content bit by bit (i.e. in the state where it is mounted in an apparatus) respectively. Demand for the non-volatile semiconductor memory device provided with both of these characteristics is great. A flash type E.sup.2 PROM is positioned as a device satisfying this requirement except that the electric rewriting function associated therewith is restricted to chip-erase (or block-erase) concerning erasing and a number of memory elements having new structures for realizing it are proposed and put to practical use.
An FAST (Floating Gate Asymmetric Source/Drain Tunnel Oxide) type device, furthermore, which is also known, is disclosed in JP-A-62-276878, for example. This memory element consists of a single field effect transistor with a floating gate and a control gate just as an FAMOS type memory element of EPROM and it is excellent in facilitating high density integration. Programming is effected by hot electron injection just as for the FAMOS type. On the other hand, electric chip-erase is effected by using the tunnel effect of electrons just as for the prior art E.sup.2 PROM. Concretely speaking, electrons stored in the floating gate electrode are emitted by the tunnel effect to the source region by applying a positive high voltage to the source region in the state where the control gate electrode and the semiconductor substrate are grounded. An electric field higher than 10 MV/cm applied to the gate oxide film between the floating gate electrode and the source region causes the tunnel effect.
The FAST type is characterized in that the region where electrons tunnel can be restricted to an extremely small area because the thickness of the gate oxide film under the floating gate electrode is reduced (to form a tunnel oxide layer) over the whole surface and the portion of the floating gate electrode superposed on the source region is formed by lateral diffusion of the same region in a self-aligned manner. As a result, even if the portion, where the floating gate electrode and the control gate electrode are superposed on each other, is formed consciously so as not to be great, it is possible to apply the voltage applied from a power supply to the tunnel oxide film with a high efficiency. That is, electric erase can be realized with a low power supply voltage without impairing the smallness of a cell.
Further, in an FAST type memory element, since the programming is effected on the drain side and the erase is effected on the source side, the junction profile of each of them is optimized separately. The drain region has an abrupt profile which causes an intensified electric field at the drain edge for raising the programming efficiency, while the source region has a graded profile which relaxes a maximum electric field at the source edge, to which a high voltage can be applied for the erasing operation. Such a structure is called an asymmetric source and drain structure.
On the other hand, IEEE J. of Solid-State Circuits, Vol. SC-17 (1982) pp 828-832 and IEEE J. of Solid-State Circuits, Vol. SC-17 (1982), pp 833-840 describe a method for applying the voltage when the rewriting operation is effected in an FLOTOX type memory element of E.sup.2 PROM. The peak value of the electric field applied to the thin tunnel oxide film is reduced not by applying instantaneously a predetermined driving voltage but by making the rise of the voltage slow, when the programming and erasing operation is effected. As a result, the stress in the oxide layer at rewriting is suppressed and improvement in the reliability is realized.
In the FAST type memory element, which is one of the prior art techniques described above, one important consideration involves how to suppress parasitic hole injection which takes place at the erasing operation.
In the FAST type memory element, parasitic leak current flows from the source to the semiconductor substrate at the erasing operation. This is due to the fact that among electrons and holes produced by a band-to-band tunneling at the surface of the source region overlapping the floating gate electrode, the holes flow out therefrom to the semiconductor substrate, because the gate oxide layer underneath the floating gate electrode is made uniformly thin, and it is an essential phenomenon. A part of above-mentioned holes flowing out are accelerated by a high electric field between the source and the semiconductor substrate to become hot holes, which are injected into the gate oxide layer. This is the hole injection mentioned beforehand. The injected holes cancel negative charge in the floating gate electrode and at the same time a part thereof is captured in the gate oxide layer to change the tunnel electric field for the electrons. As a result the erasing characteristics are modulated variously, depending on the degree of the injection and the capture of holes described above, which makes it impossible to control precisely the threshold voltages of all the memory cells at chip-erase. Further, since the holes in the gate oxide layer stated above are accumulated by repetition of the programming and erasing operation, their influences are strengthened with an increasing number of rewrite operations, which will be a factor to restrict the available number of rewrites.
On the contrary, in the FLOTOX type memory element of E.sup.2 PROM, since the tunnel region where the gate oxide layer is locally thinned is located within the surface portion of the high impurity concentration region, the generation of electron-hole pairs due to band-to-band tunneling is almost completely suppressed and therefore the above concern does not exist.

Non-volatile semiconductor memory device erasing operation


The electrical discharge circuit (106) includes: —two interface terminals (BA, BB), to which the capacitor (C) is intended to be connected and across which a capacitor voltage (uC) is intended to be present; —a current-consuming electrical circuit (108) connected between the two interface terminals (BA, BB) and designed to consume a discharge current (i) from the capacitor (C); and—an electrical control circuit (110) for controlling the current-consuming electrical circuit (108), the electrical control circuit (110) being connected between the two interface terminals (BA, BB) so as to receive the capacitor voltage (uC).

It is known practice to connect a resistor to the terminals of a capacitor that is supplied with power by a high-voltage source. Thus, in the event that the high-voltage source is disconnected, the capacitor is discharged into the resistor in order to prevent electric shocks that could occur if an operator were to touch the capacitor. This solution has the drawback that the passive discharge element continuously consumes current, even when this is not desired, that is to say when the high-voltage source is connected.
The US patent published under the number U.S. Pat. No. 6,204,612 B1 describes an electrical discharge circuit for discharging a capacitor, of the type including:                two interface terminals, to which the capacitor is intended to be connected and across which a capacitor voltage is intended to be present,        a current-consuming electrical circuit connected between the two interface terminals and designed to consume a discharge current from the capacitor, and        an electrical control circuit for controlling the current-consuming electrical circuit, the electrical control circuit being connected between the two interface terminals so as to receive the capacitor voltage.
In this publication, the current-consuming electrical circuit is designed to be activated by the electrical control circuit in order to consume a substantially constant discharge current when the capacitor is disconnected from a power module. More specifically, the power module includes a conductor arranged so as to short a controlled switch of the electrical control circuit in order to deactivate the current-consuming circuit Thus, when the power module is disconnected, the conductor is disconnected from the electrical control circuit, causing the current-consuming electrical circuit to be activated. This solution has the drawback of requiring the presence of a mechanical element (the conductor) on the high-voltage-source side.
The object of the invention is to propose an electrical discharge circuit making it possible to at least partly overcome the above drawbacks.

Electric circuit for discharging a capacitor, electric system and motor vehicle comprising such an electric discharge circuit

Abstract: The electrical control circuit (110) is designed: —to deactivate the current-consuming electrical circuit (108) when the capacitor voltage (uC) is above a predefined threshold; and—to activate the current-consuming electrical circuit (108) when the capacitor voltage (uC) across the two interface terminals (BA, BB) is below the predefined threshold. The electrical control circuit (110) is furthermore designed to be supplied with electrical power exclusively via the two interface terminals (BA, BB).


A wire guidance system for a materials handling vehicle, such as a turret stockpicker, detects an alternating signal carried by a buried wire by means of two sets of four sensors each carried at either end of the vehicle. An alarm, including both audio and visual means, having a first characteristic is generated if the vehicle is equipped with a functioning wire guidance system; an alarm having a second characteristic is generated when an active wire is detected and wire guidance has not been activated.

This invention relates to wire guidance systems as used on materials handling vehicles.
A wire guidance system installed on a materials handling vehicle, such as a turret stockpicker, will provide more accurate control of the vehicle, especially when operating in a narrow aisle. There are many times, however, that the vehicle must be operated in the manual mode, and it is possible that after such manual operations, the operator might forget to return to the automatic mode. Since an operator might be subject to distractions from time to time, it would be particularly advantageous to operate under wire guidance. Thus, it is important that the wire guidance feature of a vehicle be engaged, whenever possible an appropriate.


A graphical display system includes one or more sensors for obtaining data, wherein the data obtained includes position and trajectory data for a craft and airport data; a display element for displaying graphics and data; and at least one processor coupled to the one or more sensors. Based on data received from the one or more sensors regarding craft position and trajectory relative to an airport, the at least one processor determines if a runway is being targeted, selects which runway guides and alerts to display based on data obtained and runway targeted, and sends signals to the display element to display the targeted runway with the selected runway guides and alerts.

A runway intrusion is defined as "any occurrence at an airport involving an aircraft, vehicle, person, or object on the ground that creates a collision hazard or results in a loss of separation with an aircraft taking off, intending to take off, landing, or intending to land." FAA ORDER 7210.58. These occurrences can cause serious harm, including death. Naturally, runway intrusions are a major safety issue for aviation. As can be expected, these intrusions are more likely to occur when flight crews are unfamiliar with the airport environment. Due to this unfamiliarity, flight crews may lose overall awareness of their current position and cause a runway intrusion.
Ideally, all flight crews will be trained to be familiar with all airports. However, considering the vast number of airports, this is not a realistic solution. With the many changes in the airline industry and flight routes, even highly experienced flight crews can find themselves at an unfamiliar airport. Additionally, even if the flight crew is familiar with a particular airport, they may still lose overall awareness of their current position due to low visibility conditions.
For the reasons stated above, and for other reasons stated below which will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading and understanding the present specification, there is a need in the art for a graphical display system which will aid flight crews in maintaining overall awareness of their current position at unfamiliar airports and in low visibility conditions.

Perspective-view visual runway awareness and advisory display


A bottle crate (10) is provided that is configured to hold a plurality of bottles in a generally upright orientation, and is particularly designed to hold bottles having a variable diameter. The bottle crate can include at least one tray and a plurality of fingers (601) elastically arranged on the tray, such that the fingers are configured to move in response to insertion or removal of a bottle.

Conventional bottle crates are designed to hold bottles having a substantially constant diameter, or generally straight bottles. For example, conventional 1-liter and 2-liter bottles have a diameter that is substantially the same throughout the barrel of the bottle, not including the top or bottom ends of the bottle. Examples of bottle crates include U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,401,960 and 6,454,120, each of which are incorporated by reference herein.
It would be desirable to provide a bottle crate capable of securely holding bottles in an upright orientation, where the bottles may be contoured or have a variable diameter. The bottle crate described herein and related methods should overcome the deficiencies of the presently available devices and systems.


An optical device includes: an axis member including a plate-shaped attachment portion and an elastic support portion that swingably supports the attachment portion around a predetermined axis; a rigid member attached to one side of the attachment portion; and a light reflecting member attached to the other side of the attachment portion and having an area larger than that of the attachment portion.

1. Technical Field
Some aspects according to the present invention relate to an optical device, an optical scanner, and an image forming apparatus produced, for example, by using a MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical System) technology and having a movable plate moving around an elastic support portion in a reciprocating motion.
2. Related Art
An optical device of this type has been known as an optical scanner including a mirror/magnet assembly swingably supported by a shape-memory alloy wire, and the optical scanner is formed by separately preparing a mirror and a magnet and bonding and securing them with the shape-memory alloy wire interposed therebetween. The durability of the optical scanner can be enhanced because the above configuration improves the adhesion force between the mirror/magnet assembly and the shape-memory alloy wire (see JP-A-9-304721, for example).
The optical device of the related art, however, is problematic in that when the mirror/magnet assembly is in a swing motion, a force produced by torsional deformation of the axis member is transferred to the mirror/magnet assembly and huge local bending (distortion) is produced in the portion of the mirror/magnet assembly that is connected to the shape-memory alloy wire. To prevent the bending (distortion) of the mirror/magnet assembly, for example, increasing the thickness of the mirror/magnet assembly causes the following problem: When the oscillation system formed of the mirror/magnet assembly and the shape-memory alloy wire is oscillated (in a swing motion) at a fixed number of oscillation (frequency), the necessary length of the wire needs to be longer than that in an oscillation system with the thickness of the mirror/magnet assembly unchanged. As a result, the optical device becomes disadvantageously larger in size.

Optical device, optical scanner, and image forming apparatus