An electronic apparatus includes a package, a circuit board, a thermal dissipating module and a thermal transmitting module. The package includes a substrate, a heat source and a plurality of electric terminals electrically connected to the circuit board. The heat source and the electric terminals are disposed on a surface of the substrate facing to the circuit board. The heat source is located between the substrate and the circuit board. The thermal transmitting module passes through the electric connection structures between the package and the circuit board and connects the heat source of the package with the thermal dissipating module. Thus, the thermal transmitting module enhances the thermal dissipating efficiency for the heat source of the package and improves the reliability of the electronic apparatus.

1. Field of Invention
The present invention relates to an electronic apparatus, and more particularly, to an electronic apparatus with a thermal transmitting module.
2. Related Art
Accompanying to the development of semiconductor device and process, more and more functionalities are integrated within the same scale size. That is, more heats are dissipated from the same area. The heat dissipation has become an essential issue in order to maintain a normal operation. In addition, multiple chips trend to be packaged as a multiple packaging module (MPM), and much more heats are dissipated from the package within the same area. An excellent packaging structure for the electronic apparatus is thus important to provide an effective thermal dissipating efficiency.
FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a conventional electronic apparatus. An electronic apparatus 100 includes a package 110 of stacked MPM electrically connected to a circuit board 130. The electronic apparatus 100 will dissipate heats during operations. The package 110 is thermal dissipated by a thermal dissipating module 120 consisted of for example a heatsink and a fan. The package 110 includes a substrate 111, a first chip 112, a second chip 113 and a plurality of electric terminals 114. The first chip 112 and the electric terminals 114 are located on a surface 115 of the substrate 111 and the second chip 113 is located on the other surface of the substrate 111. That is, the package 110 includes two chips 112, 113 respectively located on different surfaces of the package 110. The first chip 112 and the second chip 113 are respectively electrically and physically connected to the substrate 111. The chips 112, 113 and the electrical connecting structures are protected by packaging processes to form the package 110. The electric terminals 114 are exposed to a surface of the package 110 facing to the circuit board 130 and are electrically connected to the circuit board 130.
The first chip 112 and the second chip 113 are respectively seen as a first heat source and a second heat source to the electronic apparatus 100 because of thermal dissipated from the electronic apparatus 100 during operations. The thermal dissipating module 120 is in contact with the second chip 113 to dissipate heats from the second chip 113. The first chip 112 is thermal dissipated through the substrate 111 and the second chip 113 to the thermal dissipating module 120. The package 110 is thus not performed an effective thermal dissipation and which leads to the raise of the operation temperature and the degradation of the efficiency and reliability of the electronic apparatus 100.
Because the heat sources of the package of MPM between the package and the circuit board has no effective thermal transmitting path, which leads to the operation temperature of the electronic apparatus is too high to be normally operated.
It is therefore an important subject of the present invention to provide an electronic apparatus with a thermal transmitting module to perform an effective thermal dissipation.

Electronic apparatus with thermal module


Name based Internet of Things (IoT) discovery includes receiving domain name system (DNS) events. An Internet Protocol (IP) address to name mapping is built based on the DNS events. A data communication event occurring in a computer network is received. A destination IP address in the data communication event is mapped to a domain name by querying the IP address to name mapping. Whether the data communication event is associated with an IoT device is determined based on the domain name satisfying a rule.

The present application relates generally to computers and computer networks, and more particularly to Internet of Things discovery.
Current mechanisms for Internet of Things (IoT) data discovery manually analyze an application flow and decompose it based on documentation and application programming interface (API) specifications. Software analysis tools may be used for manual discovery once the documentation and specifications are understood. IoT, however, includes a fast moving area of technology, in which new devices and applications can appear frequently, for example, daily.

Name based internet of things (IoT) data discovery

International Business Machines Corporation


Hardware emulation produces relevant and irrelevant trace data. Verification of a design under test requires knowledge of the relevant trace data. Data lines are provided to capture trace data from the hardware emulator's logic elements during emulation. The data lines connect the outputs of these logic elements to the inputs of a configurable interconnect circuit. The configurable interconnect circuit is capable of being programmed to select from a plurality of these inputs to connect a number of the data lines to a scan chain or trace data storage circuit. The configurable interconnect circuit can then selectively connect those data lines carrying relevant trace data to a trace data processing circuit. The trace data processing circuit may be a scan chain, analysis device or storage device or other suitable trace data processing device.

Today's sophisticated integrated circuit (IC) designs are rapidly evolving and nearly doubling in size with each generation. In fact, complex designs have nearly exceeded 300 million gates. The complexity of modern designs and the increased use of multiple component blocks integrated into a single device, (forming a "system on chip" (SoC)), have made design verification an essential element in the development cycle. Ultimately, this means that design verification is important to every chip designer, system integrator, and application software developer.
Although the use of pre-packaged designs (sometimes referred to as intellectual property (IP) blocks) and high-performance tools both help the design process by shortening design time, they do not diminish the need to verify the design at the system level, which can consume 60 percent to 70 percent of the design cycle. Additionally, the re-use of intellectual property blocks may cause previously undetected problems to arise when the blocks are combined or integrated into a subsequent design, which may actually increase the need to use verification during the design flow.
Designers can implement a number of verification strategies, including software simulation, simulation acceleration, and rapid prototyping. For system-level verification however, hardware emulation remains a favorable choice over other alternatives due to the superior speed, performance, visibility, flexibility, and accuracy it can provide. For example, hardware emulation can test overall system functionality, subsystem integrity, specification errors, block-to-block interfaces, boundary cases, and asynchronous clock domain crossings.
Prior to using a hardware emulator, the hardware design must be converted or "synthesized" into code that can be used to program the hardware emulator's logic elements. Also, the designs interconnections must be mapped into the hardware emulator. Once the design is synthesized and mapped into the hardware emulator, the design can be "tested" by applying stimuli signals to the hardware emulator and capturing the output from the various logic elements of the hardware emulator. This captured output (known as trace data, visibility data, state data, or user visibility data), is collected from the various elements within the hardware emulator, and provided to the user, processing tools, analysis tools, or storage tools where the data can be used to verify and debug the design under test.
In general, when the design is synthesized and the emulator programmed, less than 50% of the logic elements within the emulator will correspond to the states in the design under test. Occasionally, as little as 30% of the emulator's logic elements will correspond to states within the design under test. As a result, typically only 30% to 50% of the flip flops within the emulator are relevant to the verification of the design under test. (The trace data originating from an element within the hardware emulator that corresponds to a state within the design under test will hereafter be referred to as "relevant" trace data. Similarly, the trace data that does not originate from an element within the hardware emulator that corresponds to a state within the design under test is herein referred to as "irrelevant" trace data.)
The specific logic elements within the hardware emulator that correspond to relevant trace data within the design under test change each time the hardware emulator is programmed As a result, the verification engineer does not know beforehand which elements will correspond to relevant trace data within the design under test. In a conventional hardware emulator, the typical solution to this would be to capture the trace data from each logic element within the hardware emulator. After which the irrelevant trace data that was captured would typically be bypassed. Bypassing the irrelevant trace data from the hardware emulator requires additional logic elements to be included in the data capture circuitry. These additional logic elements greatly increases the area needed for the data capture circuitry. Additionally, bypassing trace data creates timing issues. Thus there is a desire to reduce the number of logic elements within a data capture circuit for use in a hardware emulation environment, while still providing for a robust reconfigurable computing environment with which to emulate, verify, and debug a hardware design. Additionally, there is a desire to capture the relevant trace data in a hardware emulator without the need to bypass the irrelevant trace data.


An inverter/charger integrated device is provided. The inverter/charger integrated device includes: a three-phase motor; a rectifying unit configured to rectify AC power for charging a battery and output the rectified AC power to a neutral point of the three-phase motor; a rectifier/inverter integrated unit configured to be connected to the rectifying unit and charge the battery; and a control unit configured to control the charging of the battery and an operation of the three-phase motor.

The present disclosure relates to an inverter/charger integrated device which charges a battery for supplying driving power to a motor provided to a vehicle and includes an inverter for driving a three-phase motor, and a method for controlling the same.
An electric vehicle typically includes a high-voltage battery, a three-phase motor, and an inverter.
The high-voltage battery may be charged with a high voltage of about 720V.
The three-phase motor may drive the electric vehicle by using the power charged in the high-voltage battery.
The inverter may drive the three-phase motor.
That is, it may be limited according to a capacity of the high-voltage battery to drive the three-phase motor by using the power charged in the high-voltage battery.
When the power remaining in the high-voltage battery of the electric vehicle is lower than a predetermined level, the three-phase motor may not be driven any more. Therefore, the electric vehicle may be provided with a high-voltage charger to charge the high-voltage battery. This high-voltage charger may be classified into a slow charger using household single-phase AC power and a high-speed charger using three-phase power for power transmission and distribution.
Further, the electric vehicle includes, besides the three-phase motor, various loads such as electronic devices and lighting devices consuming low power of about 12V. A low-voltage battery may be installed to operate the loads consuming low power, and a low-voltage charger for charging the low-voltage battery may be provided.
The inverter, the high-voltage charger, and the low-voltage charger are separated from each other. Therefore, it takes a lot of time and effort to design the inverter, the high-voltage charger, and the low-voltage charger so as to be suitably installed in the electric vehicle.

Inverter/charger integrated device and method for controlling the same


A modular arithmetic unit includes a first input generator receiving first data to generate a first operand; a second input generator receiving second data to generate a second operand; an accumulator performing an accumulate/shift operation to add the first and second operands and outputting the carry and sum; a carry propagation adder adding the carry and the sum to output a result; and a data handler receiving either external data or the result and outputting the first data and the second data.

Embodiments of the present inventive concept are directed to modular arithmetic units and secure systems including the same.
Typical examples of a public key algorithm include the RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman) algorithm, which is based on the difficulty of factoring large integers, and ecliptic curve cryptography (ECC), which is based on the difficulty of finding the discrete logarithm of a random elliptic curve element with respect to a publicly known base point, known as the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem (ECDLP). When implementing an RSA and an ECC algorithm, a fundamental operation is a modular operation and performance of RSA and ECC may depend on an implementation of the modular operation. Improving the performance of a modular arithmetic unit may improve the performance of an RSA and an ECC.

Modular arithmatic unit and secure system including the same


An image sensor with an array of pixels is provided. The array may include a semiconductor substrate having opposing first and second sides. A first photodiode region may be implanted in the semiconductor substrate through the first side. A second photodiode region may be implanted in the semiconductor substrate through the second side. The second photodiode region may be implanted to overlap with the first photodiode region in the semiconductor substrate to form a continuous photodiode region that extends from the first side to the second side of the substrate. The continuous region may generate charge in response to image light. The continuous region may belong to a single pixel that generates an image signal from the charge. The image signal may be conveyed to readout circuitry via metallization layers formed over the substrate. The first and second photodiode regions may be thermally activated prior to forming the metallization layers.

This relates generally to image sensors and, more specifically, to image sensors having photodiode regions implanted from both sides of a semiconductor substrate.
Modern electronic devices such cellular telephones, cameras, and computers often use digital image sensors. Imagers (i.e., image sensors) include a two-dimensional array of image sensing pixels. Each pixel includes a photosensor such as a photodiode that receives incident photons (light) and converts the photons into electrical charges. The photodiodes in the array are implanted in a silicon substrate.
In conventional image sensors, the photodiodes are implanted in the silicon substrate through a single surface of the substrate using pattern-implant equipment. After implantation, the silicon substrate is thermally heated to activate the implant dopants. In general, it is desirable to implant the photodiodes at greater depths below the surface of the substrate to increase the light collection efficiency of the sensor. However, implanting the photodiodes through a single surface of the substrate to great depths requires high energy. High energy implants require very thick resist or other dense masks to prevent ions leaking through the masks. This is exacerbated with finer dimensions. In addition, if the mask is excessively thick, to accommodate deep implants, shadowing effects will occur. Such limitations on the depth of the photodiode implants undesirably limit the light collection efficiency of the image sensor.
It would therefore be desirable to be able to provide improved image sensors.

Image sensors having photodiode regions implanted from multiple sides of a substrate

SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENTS INDUSTRIES, LLC


A flow chamber (1) made of plastics as an object carrier for light-microscopic examinations comprised at least one channel (4) in a base plate (2), said channel having a width of 0.01 to 20 mm and a height of 0.01 to 5 mm. One liquid reservoir (3, 3′) each is connected to the inlet and outlet opening (6, 6′) of the channel, whereby a communicating system is generated. The bottom and/or the cover of this chamber is made of a high-class plastic material and may be functionalized. The inlet and outlet portions of the channel may be formed by a rounding (7) of the channel edges or by a surface treatment in a manner that drop formation is prevented and the flow is therefore not obstructed.

Object carriers and Petri dishes for samples to be examined are used in the most variable examination methods and must therefore meet many different demands. Many biological-medical examinations are for instance carried out by the aid of light-optical microscopic and/or spectroscopic techniques. Besides the pure light-optical microscopy (e.g. for the examination of cells), methods of the high-resolution, fluorescence, phase contrast or confocal microscopy as well as the UV spectroscopy are used. Combinations of these methods are also used. Particularly, the analysis of fluorescence signals is of decisive meaning to prove specific reactions.
This is mostly implemented by the qualitative analysis of fluorescence of a solution which contains the molecules, macromolecules or cells to be examined (e.g. via microscopy or spectroscopy). The substance to be examined as well as "verification molecules" for these substances, such as anti-bodies, are in solution. This leads to the fact that relatively large amounts of the molecules to be proven as well as the substances (or cells) to be examined must be used.
The sample chambers used for examinations of this type, in which the solutions with the substances are located, are usually made of glass or silica glass. Plastic containers are hardly used for this type of examination due to the poor optical property of most of the plastic materials (compared to glass). Exceptions are plastic dishes that are open towards the microscope or the spectrometer, so that the light emitted by the molecule does not have to pass plastics on its way to the detector.
A Petri dish is for instance known from DE 3102571 A1, which consists of plastics and which has a thin bottom of 0.17 mm for the microscopy. This Petri dish is particularly used for the cell microscopy, however, it does not comprise a flow system. It does also not have a channel system or reservoir to apply a defined flow. In this shell, any specific modifications of the plastics adapted to the substances to be examined are also not provided.
A monitoring chamber for microscopy in connection with a flow system connected is known from U.S. Pat. No. 5,170,286. This is a "sandwich" construction, which basically consists of a special support into which microscopy cover slips are inserted that are fixed by cover plates. Thus, this system consists of at least five different elements that must be assembled before every experiment. Thereby, sterile work is for instance only ensured with expensive provisions. The cover slips used, the support and the cover plates must be cleaned between the experiments. The flow rate must be generated in this chamber by hose connections to a reservoir not attached on the chamber. This includes the risk of the formation of air bubbles in the flow system.
A surface treatment or functionalization for the specific immobilization of molecules or cells of the cover slips used is not provided. The cover slips used must be sealed by seal rings. Experience shows that this often leads to leakage and to the fact that molecules in the solution change their functional structure due to a contact with the seal ring, or that they absorb to the seal ring. This also applies to the support in which the channels are inserted.
A micro-channel system made of acrylic glass is described in WO 97/38300, which serves for the electrophoretic separation. However, the micro-channel is not used for rinsing through liquids or for high-resolution microscopy. The acrylic glass does also not have sufficiently favorable optical properties to carry out high-class microscopy. The inner walls of this channel system are also not surface-treated, with the purpose of being able to analyze specific reactions there. The analysis of the macromolecules introduced into this channel system takes place in a gel introduced. Molecules introduced into the channel are also not moved by an applied hydrodynamic flow but by use of electrical fields.
Most of the techniques with conventional sample chambers only allow a quantitative but not a qualitative analysis of the signals. The solvent exchange, e.g. when using a glass cuvette for dilution, is very elaborate. The simple exchange of liquids in a sample chamber is, however, necessary to prove special reactions of molecules in the liquid with other molecules, macromolecules, cells, etc. or to rinse out superfluous molecules, which are located in the liquid. Moreover, excessive molecules may weaken or extinguish the fluorescence signal or spectrum of the molecule or molecule complex to be examined.

Abstract: In a method of sample preparation for light-optical microscopic examinations, a sample flow is generated by a system of communicating pipes, in that a reservoir of a solution with the sample is connected via a third channel with at least one further reservoir and the filling level of the reservoirs differs at the beginning of the examination.


Processing data messages is disclosed. A data message or a copy thereof is sent to a destination other than an intended recipient with which the data message is associated, for processing at said destination in accordance with a policy. The data message or a copy thereof is sent to said destination other than the intended recipient by a sending equipment used to generate the data message.

In many contexts, an enterprise or other stakeholder may be required and/or may desire to keep track of and/or exercise control over network or other communications, e.g., communications among employees of a corporation and/or between such employees and third parties, such as the corporation's customers and/or members of the general public. The requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission, National Association of Securities Dealers, HIPAA, Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, and various anti-harassment and anti-discrimination laws are among the many legal and regulatory requirements that may give rise to a need on the part of a corporation or other entity to be able to monitor, record, archive, index, retrieve, analyze, and/or control employee (or other user) communications.
The task of monitoring and controlling communications is made more challenging by the proliferation in recent years of new communication technologies, such as e-mail, chat, instant messaging, and short message service (SMS) technology (the basic text character form of which is sometimes referred to as "text messaging", e.g., via a mobile phone or other mobile device, and technologies related to SMS such as Enhanced Message Service (EMS) and Multimedia Message Service (MMS), which enable longer messages and rich, multimedia content such as video to be sent. Some modern communication technologies involve the use of mobile communication devices and/or infrastructure beyond the control of the responsible entity, further complicating the task of monitoring and controlling user communications.
Therefore, there is a need for an effective way to monitor and/or control communications, including without limitation communications made using mobile and/or data messaging technology.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.


A resin frame equipped membrane electrode assembly includes a membrane electrode assembly and a resin frame member. The membrane electrode assembly includes a solid polymer electrolyte membrane and an anode, and a cathode sandwiching the solid polymer electrolyte membrane. The resin frame member is formed around the solid polymer electrolyte membrane. The outer end of an electrode catalyst layer of the cathode protrudes beyond the outer end of a gas diffusion layer, and the resin frame member includes an inner extension protruding toward the outer periphery of the cathode to contact the outer end of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane. The inner extension of the resin frame member has an overlapped portion overlapped with the outer end of the electrode catalyst layer.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a fuel cell membrane electrode assembly including an anode, a cathode, and a solid polymer electrolyte membrane interposed between the anode and the cathode.
2. Description of the Related Art
In general, a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell employs a solid polymer electrolyte membrane. The solid polymer electrolyte membrane is a polymer ion exchange membrane. In the fuel cell, the solid polymer electrolyte membrane is interposed between an anode and a cathode to form a membrane electrode assembly (MEA). Each of the anode and the cathode includes electrode catalyst as an electrode catalyst layer and porous carbon as a gas diffusion layer. The membrane electrode assembly is sandwiched between separators (bipolar plates) to form a fuel cell. In use of the fuel cell, generally, a predetermined number of power generation cells are stacked together to form a fuel cell stack, e.g., mounted in a vehicle.
In some cases, in the membrane electrode assembly, the surface size of one of electrodes (catalyst layer and diffusion layer) is smaller than the surface size of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane, and the surface size of the other electrode is the same as the surface size of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane, e.g., as a stepped-type MEA.
For example, in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2009-099265 (hereinafter referred to as conventional technique), as shown in FIG. 16, an anode 2 and a cathode 3 are provided on both surfaces of a solid polymer electrolyte membrane 1. Gas seals 4a, 4b are provided around the anode 2 and the cathode 3. The anode 2 and the cathode 3 are sandwiched between separators 5, 6.
The anode 2 includes an anode catalyst layer 2a provided on one surface of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 1 and an electrode base member (diffusion layer) 2b provided outside the anode catalyst layer 2a. The cathode 3 includes a cathode catalyst layer 3a provided on the other surface of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 1 and an electrode base member (diffusion layer) 3b provided outside the cathode catalyst layer 3a.
The outer shape of the anode catalyst layer 2a and the outer shape of the electrode base member 2b have the same size, and the outer shape of the cathode catalyst layer 3a and the outer shape of the electrode base member 3b have the same shape. Further, the outer shape of the anode 2 is larger than the outer shape of the cathode 3.
A fuel gas flow field 5a for supplying a fuel gas to the anode 2 is formed in the separator 5, and an oxygen-containing gas flow field 6a for supplying an oxygen-containing gas to the cathode 3 is formed in the separator 6.


An inexpensive compact band rejection filter realizes a high sharpness of a filter characteristic at ends of passbands and has a large attenuation. In the band rejection filter, at least one of a plurality of elastic wave resonators, which contributes to formation of a transition band, has a propagation angle larger than those of the other elastic wave resonators. Accordingly, the at least one of the plurality of elastic wave resonators which contributes to the formation of the transition band has an electromechanical coupling coefficient that is smaller than electromechanical coupling coefficients of the other elastic wave resonators.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to band rejection filters, and particularly relates to a band rejection filter having a ladder circuit configuration including a plurality of elastic wave resonators.
2. Description of the Related Art
In recent years, broadcasting service for mobile devices for digital terrestrial television broadcasting has been started in various countries including Japan, and practical use of such broadcasting service has been discussed in many countries. Under this circumstance, cellular phones having a function of receiving broadcasting service for mobile devices for digital terrestrial television broadcasting have been put into practical use. The cellular phones having the function of receiving broadcasting service for mobile devices for digital terrestrial television broadcasting include TV tuners used to receive the broadcasting service for mobile devices. In such a cellular phone, there arise problems in that, if a transmission signal of the cellular phone and a broadcasting signal of the broadcasting service for mobile devices interfere with each other, sensitivity for receiving the broadcasting service for mobile devices is deteriorated and a TV tuner for receiving the broadcasting service for mobile devices malfunctions.
Therefore, such a cellular phone includes a band rejection filter used to prevent interference between the transmission signal of the cellular phone and the broadcasting signal of the broadcasting service for mobile devices by preventing the transmission signal of the cellular phone from being transmitted to the TV tuner used to receive the broadcasting service for mobile devices. The band rejection filter has a function of allowing the broadcasting signal of the broadcasting service for mobile devices to be transmitted to the TV tuner used to receive the broadcasting service for mobile devices and removing the transmission signal of the cellular phone, and is disposed between an antenna and the TV tuner used to receive the broadcasting service for mobile devices in the cellular phone.
The band rejection filter should have a filter characteristic in which a passband which allows transmission signals of the broadcasting service for mobile devices to pass and an attenuation band which removes transmission signals of the cellular phone are included. In the broadcasting service for mobile devices for digital terrestrial television broadcasting in Japan, a band for broadcasting signals corresponds to a UHF band (470 MHz to 770 MHz). On the other hand, a band for transmission signals for cellular phones corresponds to a band in the vicinity of 800 MHz to 900 MHz. Therefore, band rejection filters included in the cellular phones having the function of receiving the broadcasting service for mobile devices in Japan include a passband corresponding to the UHF band (470 MHz to 770 MHz) which is the band for the broadcasting signals and an attenuation band corresponding to a band in the vicinity of 800 MHz to 900 MHz which is the band for the transmission signals for the cellular phones.
In such a band rejection filter, in order to appropriately remove the transmission signals of the cellular phones, high sharpness of a filter characteristic is required between an end of the passband which allows the broadcasting signals of the broadcasting service for mobile devices to pass and the attenuation band which removes the transmission signals of the cellular phones.
In general, as a filter having a passband and an attenuation band, a filter device having a ladder circuit configuration is known. For example, Japanese Patent No. 3827232 and Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 10-65490 disclose various filters having respective ladder circuit configurations utilizing elastic waves. FIG. 29 shows a filter device 101 having a ladder circuit configuration disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 3827232. In the filter device 101, a series arm which connects an input terminal 102 to an output terminal 103 includes a plurality of series arm resonators 111 to 113 which are connected to one another in series. Furthermore, a plurality of parallel arms are disposed between the series arm and the ground potential. The plurality of parallel arms include respective parallel arm resonators 114 to 117.
In the filter device 101, a capacitor 118 is connected to the parallel arm resonator 114 in parallel among the plurality of parallel arm resonators 114 to 117. Therefore, an electromechanical coupling coefficient of the parallel arm resonator 114 is smaller than those of the parallel arm resonators 115 to 117. As a result, sharpness of the filter characteristic at ends of a passband is enhanced.
Furthermore, Japanese Patent No. 3827232 discloses the following two methods as other methods for making one electromechanical coupling coefficient different from another electromechanical coupling coefficient:                (1) a method for setting different standard film thicknesses (h/λ) of IDTs (Interdigital Transducers) included in resonators; and        (2) a method for setting different duty ratios of the IDTs included in the resonators.
Moreover, Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 10-65490 discloses a SAW (Surface Acoustic Wave) band rejection filter including a plurality of series arm resonators and a plurality of parallel arm resonators to which respective inductance elements are connected in parallel. In this SAW band rejection filter, resonant frequencies of the parallel arm resonators may be controlled by controlling characteristics of the inductance elements connected to the parallel arm resonators in parallel. Accordingly, a low insertion loss is attained.
As described above, according to the filter device 101 disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 3827232, the sharpness of the filter characteristic at the ends of the passband can be enhanced. However, there arises a problem in that, if the capacitor is connected to the parallel arm resonator in parallel as disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 3827232, an area in which the ladder circuit occupies is increased, and accordingly, cost for fabrication of the filter device is increased.
Furthermore, in a case where different electromechanical coupling coefficients are obtained by setting different standard film thicknesses (h/λ) of IDTs included in resonators, different thin-film forming processes should be performed for different resonators. Accordingly, cost for fabrication of the filter device is increased.
Moreover, an electromechanical coupling coefficient is mainly determined depending on a wafer member, and does not considerably depend on a duty ratio. Therefore, it is difficult to obtain different electromechanical coupling coefficients of resonators by setting different duty ratios of IDTs included in the resonators. Accordingly, it is difficult to efficiently improve the sharpness of a filter characteristic at ends of a passband.
As disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 10-65490, impedance characteristics of resonators can be controlled by controlling characteristics of inductance elements connected to parallel arm resonators in parallel. Accordingly, sharpness of a filter characteristic at ends of a passband can be enhanced. However, in a case where the characteristics of the inductance elements connected to the parallel arm resonators in parallel are controlled, since electromechanical coupling coefficients are not substantially changed, it is difficult to enhance the sharpness of the filter characteristic at the ends of the passband while an attenuation amount is maintained.


The anti-skid control system is capable of performing highly reliable anti-skid control through its accurate estimation of the vehicle speed and proper compensatory control even when sharp braking occurs or in the brake fluid pressure control on road surfaces with a low coefficient of friction likely to cause considerable fluctuations in wheel acceleration. The anti-skid control system is provided with a fluid pressure generating device, a fluid pressure controlling device, a wheel velocity detecting device, a standard speed setting device, a fluid pressure controlling mode setting device which sets either the pressure decrease mode or the pressure hold mode when the wheel velocity declines to a level lower than the standard speed and sets the pressure increase mode when the wheel velocity is equal to or higher than the standard speed. A maximum inflection point detecting device detects the maximum inflection point indicating the maximum value for the shift of the wheel velocity mentioned above from an increase to a decrease when the wheel velocity is not any lower than the standard speed. A fluid pressure controlling mode correcting device switches from the pressure increase mode mentioned above to either the pressure hold mode or the pressure decrease mode when the wheel velocity becomes equal to or higher than the standard speed and also becomes equal to or higher than the wheel velocity at the maximum inflection point.

[Prior Art]
it has been widely known that the directional stability of a motor vehicle is lost in some cases, depending on the conditions of the road surface, if the wheels of the motor vehicle are locked when the brake is applied sharply. Therefore, it is in practice to control the braking force in such a manner as to eventually keep the slip factor of the wheels at approximately 20%, that is, so as to obtain the maximum coefficient of friction, by controlling the brake fluid pressure in accordance with the changes in the wheel velocity and the wheel acceleration, in consideration of the fact that the wheel velocity declines abruptly immediately before the coefficient of friction .mu. attains the maximum value in relation to the wheels when the pressure of the brake fluid working on the wheel cylinder is increased at the time of braking. Specifically, motor vehicles are equipped with an anti-skid control system which controls the braking force by reducing, increasing, or maintaining the pressure of the brake fluid working on the wheel cylinders, so that the wheels are not locked at the time of sharp braking.
With respect to such an anti-skid control system, the Japanese Kokai No. 155163-1987, for example, proposes an anti-skid control process which consists in finding a simulated vehicle speed on the basis of the wheel velocity, working out by arithmetic operations a standard speed which follows up this simulated vehicle speed at a speed lower by a certain fixed speed difference, and increasing the brake fluid pressure only in case this high peak speed based on the simulated vehicle speed is either equal to or higher than the standard speed but again reducing the brake fluid pressure in case the high peak speed is lower than the standard speed, so that the process serves the purpose of preventing a wheel lock at an early point in time in consequence of the failure in the recovery of the vehicle speed in case the vehicle speed is low.


A focus control device includes an image acquisition section that acquires a captured image that has been captured by an imaging optical system, an evaluation value calculation section that calculates a focus evaluation value based on the captured image, the focus evaluation value being used to evaluate an in-focus state of an object in the captured image, a determination information calculation section that calculates determination information based on the focus evaluation value, a determination section that determines whether to start or stop an autofocus control process based on the determination information, and a focus control section that starts or stops the autofocus control process based on a determination result of the determination section.

The present invention relates to a focus control device, an endoscope apparatus, a focus control method, and the like.
An improvement in detection accuracy of a lesion in a body cavity has been desired in the field of endoscopic diagnosis. An endoscope that includes a magnifying optical system that improves the detection accuracy by magnifying the difference in tissue between a lesion area and a normal area at a magnification almost equal to that of a microscope (hereinafter may be appropriately referred to as "magnifying endoscope") has been known.
A magnifying endoscope may achieve a magnification of several ten to several hundred times. The microstructure of a mucous membrane surface layer and a blood vessel distribution pattern can be observed by utilizing such a magnifying endoscope in combination with a stain solution or a blood vessel-enhanced (weighted) image (NBI image) obtained using narrow-band illumination light. It is known that a lesion area and a normal area differ in the above pattern, and the above pattern has been used as a criterion of lesion diagnosis.
JP-A-2-304413 discloses an endoscope that implements an autofocus control process, and allows the user to start or stop the autofocus process using a switch provided in an operation section of the endoscope.

Focus control device, endoscope apparatus, and focus control method


Methods and systems are provided for providing an incoming event notification to a telephony control point in a UPnP home network environment. Information associated with a remote party is fetched by a telephony server, when an incoming event associated with the remote party arrives at the telephony server. An incoming event notification associated with the incoming event is generated. The incoming event notification includes the information associated with the remote party. The incoming event with the incoming event notification is forwarded to at least one telephony control point in the UPnP home network environment. The information associated with the remote party is displayed with the incoming event notification on a display of the at least one telephony control point, when the incoming event arrives at the telephony control point.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to the field of Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) communication, and more particularly, to providing an enhanced event notification in a UPnP home network environment.
2. Description of the Related Art
UPnP is a set of computer network protocols promulgated by the UPnP forum. The goals of UPnP are to allow access to connect seamlessly and to simplify implementation of networks in home (e.g., data sharing, communications, and entertainment) and corporate environments. These goals are achieved by defining and publishing UPnP device control protocols built upon open, Internet-based communication standards.
The UPnP technology can cater to a wide range of devices in a home network. The UPnP provides discovery, control, and eventing mechanisms. Discovery mechanisms are enabled using Simple Service Discovery Protocol (SSDP). Eventing mechanisms follow General Event Notification Architecture (GENA) protocol. Using these technologies, UPnP makes availability and unavailability of the UPnP devices on the fly to other devices in the UPnP home network.
UPnP architecture allows peer-to-peer networking of Personal Computers (PCs), networked appliances, and wireless devices. The UPnP architecture is a distributed, open architecture based on established standards such as, for example, Transport Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP), HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and eXtensible Mark-up Language (XML). The UPnP architecture supports zero configuration networking. For example, a UPnP compatible device from any vendor can dynamically join a network, obtain an Internet Protocol (IP) address, announce its name, convey its capabilities upon request, and learn about the presence and capabilities about other devices. On the other hand, the UPnP devices can leave the UPnP home network automatically without leaving any unwanted state information.
The foundation for UPnP networking is Internet Protocol (IP) addressing. Each UPnP device includes a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) client, which searches for a DHCP server when the UPnP device is first connected to the UPnP network. If no DHCP server is available, the UPnP device assigns itself an address. If, during the DHCP transaction, the UPnP device obtains a domain name, for example, through a Domain Name System (DNS) server or via DNS forwarding, the UPnP device uses that name in subsequent network operations; otherwise the UPnP device uses its IP address.
The UPnP forum also provides telephony services for extending user experience in a home to access telephony services, such as, for example, a messaging service, a presence service, and call handling (Packet-Switched (PS)/Circuit-Switched (CS) call) service. As analogous to UPnP Device Architecture (DA), telephony defines three kinds of devices, viz., a Telephony Server (TS) that provides messaging and presence related services to the user, a telephony control point (UPnP telephony device) to initiate actions provided by the TS, and a Telephony Client device (TC) for media related handling and providing input and output to/from the TS.
The UPnP telephony services enable a user to initiate/receive calls/messages to/from any user outside of the UPnP home network using a telephony control point based on a Wide Area Network (WAN) calling technology like VOIP or other calling technologies. For example, when a call is received from another device, a call notification is provided to the telephony control point by the TS. However, the UPnP telephony services do not provide call notifications that have incoming call state and originator address.

Method and system for providing an enhanced event notification in a universal plug and play home network environment


A control unit decides whether or not a first condition that a service brake is released, a parking brake is actuated, and a transmission is shifted into neutral is established at a vehicle stopping time. In addition, the control unit decides whether or not a second condition that the service brake is actuated, and the transmission is shifted to an ahead stage is established at the vehicle stopping time. Then, the control unit stops the engine when the first condition or the second condition is established.

The present invention relates to controller and control method for an engine for controlling an idling reduction (an idling stop) system.
There are cases where the idling reduction system that stops the engine when a predetermined condition is established at a vehicle stopping time is loaded on recent vehicles in order to improve fuel efficiency. As one example of the condition that stops the engine, a condition that a transmission is shifted into neutral, a parking brake is actuated, and a service brake is released is applied as described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Publication No. 2013-104385 (Patent Document 1). This condition is the one that a parking state that the vehicle stops for a long period of time is taken into account and is applied, in particular, to commercial vehicles in many cases.
Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Publication No. 2013-104385
However, the state that enables the engine to stop covers not only a parking state but also a halted state where the vehicle is temporarily stopped with a traffic signal and so forth. Although there are cases where the idling reduction system that stops the engine in the halted state is loaded on passenger cars and so forth, in heavy-duty and medium trucks, it is not expected to stop the engine in the halted state. Incidentally, in the passenger cars and so forth, it is not expected to stop the engine in the parking, state.
Accordingly, it is desirable to provide controller and control method for an engine that have promoted further improvement of the fuel efficiency by stopping the engine in the halted state and the parking state.
The controller for an engine has a sensor that detects an actuating state of a service brake, a sensor that detects the actuating state of a parking, brake, a sensor that detects a gear shift state of a transmission, and a control unit that controls the engine at a vehicle stopping, time, according to output signals from the sensors. Then, the control unit stops the engine when a first condition that the service brake is released, the parking brake is actuated, and the transmission is shifted into neutral has been established, or a second condition that the service brake is actuated and the transmission is shifted to an ahead stage has been established.
According to an aspect of the present invention, since the condition that stops the engine is increased, further improvement of the fuel efficiency can be promoted.

Controller and control method for engines


An apparatus and method is disclosed for a computer processor configured to access a memory shared by a plurality of processing cores and to execute a plurality of memory access operations in a transactional mode as a single atomic transaction and to suspend the transactional mode in response to determining an implicit suspend condition, such as a program control transfer. As part of executing the transaction, the processor marks data accessed by the speculative memory access operations as being speculative data. In response to determining a suspend condition (including by detecting a control transfer in an executing thread) the processor suspends the transactional mode of execution, which includes setting a suspend flag and suspending marking speculative data. If the processor later detects a resumption condition (e.g., a return control transfer corresponding to a return from the control transfer), the processor is configured to resume the marking of speculative data.

Hardware Transactional Memory (HTM) is a mechanism in computer architecture for supporting parallel programming. With HTM, programmers may simply declare a group of instructions as a transaction and the HTM system guarantees that the instructions in the transaction are executed in an atomic and isolated way. Atomicity means that all the instructions of the transaction are executed as a single atomic block with respect to all other concurrent threads of execution. Isolation means that no intermediate result of the transaction is exposed to the rest of the system until the transaction completes. HTM systems may allow transactions to run in parallel as long as they do not conflict. Two transactions may conflict when they both access the same memory area and either of the two transactions writes to that memory area.
Many existing HTM designs present correctness and/or security issues in the presence of program control transfers, such as transfers to an operating system in response to a system call, exception, interrupt, signal, or other event. Traditionally, such program control transfers may occur transparently to the HTM system. If such a transfer occurs during transactional execution, operating system code may be executed as part of a transaction. This may cause problems with correctness and/or security. In some traditional systems, if the transaction is aborted while executing in the operating system, unexpected side effects may occur.
In one example, consider a TCP/IP network device driver. When receiving a packet from the network, an interrupt is triggered to execute the device driver code. Suppose that the processor receives the interrupt while running an application transaction. The program control would be transferred to the device driver and under a traditional HTM system, the driver would run as part of the transaction since the traditional HTM design simply considers all the instructions between the start and end of the transaction to be part of the transaction.
This behavior may cause at least two problems. First, a system failure may occur if the transaction is aborted while the device driver code executes. For example, if the device driver is configured to write memory-mapped registers to manage the network interface hardware, and is aborted in the middle of changing the register values, the interface hardware may be left in an inconsistent state, breaking the integrity of the network system. Additionally, in the example given above, aborting the transaction during or after the device driver executes as part of the transaction may cause the network connection to lose packets. For example, after the driver code processes a packet, the driver sends an acknowledge message to the packet sender. At this point, the sender may delete the packet since there is no need for retransmission. However, if the transaction is later aborted, the memory write operations that were used to store the packet on the receiver may be rolled back and the packet may be permanently lost, thereby violating the reliable communication guarantee of the TCP/IP system.
Second, security issues are another side effect of transparently jumping to operating system code as part of a transaction. Many modern processors support security features to separate operating system and application code execution. For example, the x86 architecture allows an operating system and applications to use different code segments and privilege levels (e.g., user-level vs. kernel-level privilege) by switching the code segment selector at the boundary of system calls. However, traditional HTM systems often do not checkpoint and manage some parts of processor state, such as the code segment selector. When a transaction that originates in user-level code executes a system call to the operating system, the privilege level is increased. If the transaction aborts, a traditional HTM may not be configured to restore the privilege level to the lower level. Accordingly, a security leak may result. Malicious programs may be able to take advantage of this security hole to acquire an operating system privilege level after a transactional abort.

Automatic suspend atomic hardware transactional memory in response to detecting an implicit suspend condition and resume thereof


Selective transfer of dies including semiconductor devices to a target substrate can be performed employing local laser irradiation. Coining of at least one set of solder material portions can be employed to provide a planar surface-to-surface contact and to facilitate bonding of adjoining pairs of bond structures. Laser irradiation on the solder material portions can be employed to sequentially bond selected pairs of mated bonding structures, while preventing bonding of devices not to be transferred to the target substrate. Additional laser irradiation can be employed to selectively detach bonded devices, while not detaching devices that are not bonded to the target substrate. The transferred devices can be pressed against the target substrate during a second reflow process so that the top surfaces of the transferred devices can be coplanar. Wetting layers of different sizes can be employed to provide a trapezoidal vertical cross-sectional profile for reflowed solder material portions.

A device array including semiconductor devices such as light emitting diodes can be employed for various applications. For example, light emitting devices such as light emitting diodes are used in electronic displays, such as liquid crystal displays in laptops or LED television sets. Light emitting devices include light emitting diodes (LEDs) and various other types of electronic devices configured to emit light. Reliable methods are desired for systematically transferring a selected set of devices from a supply coupon to a target substrate.

Method of selectively transferring LED die to a backplane using height controlled bonding structures


A fuse bolder used to be mounted on a circuit board for holding a cartridge fuse and comprising a pair of clips each having a stop provided integrally on their clip bodies at an upper end thereof so that the cartridge fuse, when it is inserted into the fuse holder while it is axially biased, is restrained from being inserted thereinto because it strikes the stop of the corresponding clip body.

This invention relates to a fuse holder used to be mounted on a circuit board and more particularly an improvement on a fuse holder used for physically holding a cartridge fuse while the latter is electrically connected to the former.
In general, such a fuse holder comprises a pair of fuse holding clips 16 and 16', as shown in FIG. 6. Each of the fuse holding dips 16 and 16' comprises a U-shaped clip body including a base receiving opening 18 to receive one of bases of a cartridge fuse 12 into the clip body therethrough, a narrowed holding portion 20 defined by a pair of curved pieces 20A and 20B to resiliently hold the cartridge fuse 12 thereon and a stop 22 provided on the clip body 17 and serving to restrain the cartridge fuse 12 from being axially removed out of the fuse holder.
In the conventional fuse holder, the stop 22 is provided on the narrowed holding portion 20 at its lower end as shown in FIG. 6 so that the cartridge fuse 12 is never axially removed out of the fuse holder.
In this fuse holder, when the cartridge fuse 12 is inserted through the base receiving openings 18 into and between a pair of fuse holding clips 16 and 16' while it is axially biased relative to the pair of the fuse holding clips 16 and 16' so as to engage one of the stops of the fuse holding clips, the cartridge fuse 12 will be inserted into the fuse holder while it expands the curved pieces 20A and 20B through the stop 22 as shown in FIG. 7.
It will be understood that this causes the cartridge fuse 12 to be incompletely held on the fuse holder because one of the bases of the fuse 12 will engage both of the curved pieces 20A and 20B, but the other base of the fuse 12 will engage only one of the curved pieces 20A and 20B due to interposition of the corresponding stop 22.


A method for providing individualized communication service includes (1) recognizing a first client being communicatively coupled to a first local communication network, (2) determining an identity of the first client, (3) transporting first data between the first client and a first operator communication network, using the first local communication network in accordance with a first service profile associated with the first client, and (4) transporting the first data using the first operator communication network in accordance with the first service profile.

Broadband communication service has become very common. For example, many residences now receive broadband communication service via a Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS) network or a digital subscriber line (DSL) network. Optical communication networks and wireless communication networks are also increasingly being used to provide broadband communication service.
Broadband communication service is commonly available in multiple tiers, where service level and cost differs among the tiers. For example, a broadband service operator may offer three tiers of broadband communication service at a given location, where the first tier has a maximum downlink bandwidth of 25 Megabits per second (Mb/s) and a lowest cost, the second tier has a maximum downlink bandwidth of 100 MB/s and a medium cost, and the third tier has a maximum downlink bandwidth of 1 Gigabit per second (Gb/s) and a highest cost. A subscriber to the service, such as a residence or a business, may select a tier which best meets its needs. For example, a residence desiring to minimize cost of broadband communication service may select the first tier, while a residence prioritizing performance may select the third tier.
Broadband communication service is often provided on a "best effort" basis. For example, the operator providing the aforementioned second tier may endeavor to provide a maximum downlink bandwidth of 100 MB/s, but actual downlink bandwidth may occasionally be less than 100 MB/s, such as due to communication network congestion.

Systems and methods for providing individualized communication service


A switching network includes a switch, a driver for the switch, and a floating-regulator that powers the driver. The floating-regulator includes a shunt that is used only when testing the network. The shunt diverts biasing current so that it does not interfere with a measurement of an electrical property of a switch.

A power converter often includes a switched-capacitor circuit that converts one voltage into another voltage. The switched-capacitor circuit generally includes a switching network having one or more switches that are used to interconnect various capacitors. When these switches are closed, they handle significant amounts of current.
The switches are typically implemented as field-effect transistors. A voltage that is applied to a gate terminal of the transistor closes this switch. This voltage controls the existence of a conducting channel between the transistor's source and drain terminals. Like any conducting channel, this channel will have some resistance to current flow. Because this channel is between the transistor's drain and source, and because it is established in the transistor's "ON" state, this resistance is often called the "RDSON" of the transistor.
The value of RDSON is of great significance. This is particularly so when the switch is called upon to handle significant amounts of current. It is therefore important that the channel's resistance conform to the design specification.
Another parameter of interest is the transistor's leakage current. Even when no conducting channel connects the source and drain across the gate, it is still possible for a few charge carriers to diffuse from the source all the way to the drain. This results in a small leakage current.
Both the transistor's RDSON and its leakage current are subject to variability as a result of imperfections in the manufacturing process. Thus, it is important to measure both RDSON and leakage current as a part of the manufacturing process. Doing so provides the opportunity to reject defective switches and to thereby avoid the likelihood of placing a faulty power converter into the stream of commerce.


The present invention presents a method for use with an acoustic sensor array comprised of a number of pressure-vector sensors capable of sensing the acoustic scalar field and acoustic vector field of an acoustic wave. The method is a signal processing technique that utilizes nonlinear processing of pressure-vector sensor signals in the acoustic sensor array. The method involves the steps of receiving the sensor output values, processing the output values using a non-linear algorithm to create a mathematical series of values, transforming the series, applying weighting to the series and performing a summation of the values in the series to calculate the array directivity response. The array directivity response can then be further processed where the array is part of a sonar system.

(1) Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to signal processing, and more particularly to a new method and apparatus for processing signals received from an array of acoustic pressure-vector sensors using a non-linear processing method.
(2) Description of the Prior Art
An acoustic wave is distinguished by both scalar (pressure) and vector (velocity) fields. Detection of acoustic waves by sensors was initially limited to pressure sensors capable of detecting only the scalar field of acoustic waves. For underwater acoustic detection applications, such as sonar, hydrophones are the pressure sensor of choice, and are often used in arrays of multiple hydrophones.
The majority of acoustic sensor arrays for use in underwater acoustic wave detection employ acoustic pressure sensors, such as hydrophones, and are designed for additive processing of the pressure sensor signals. Some acoustic sensor arrays employing acoustic pressure sensors have been designed for non-linear processing of the pressure sensor signals. The benefit of this type of processing, however, is limited when using only pressure sensors because no acoustic wave vector field information is involved in the array signal processing. A significant drawback to the conventional additive pressure sensor type of acoustic sensor array is the inability to achieve a narrow acoustic beam width without having a large acoustic aperture, particularly where the beam width becomes wider as the acoustic frequency goes lower.
There has been a progression in acoustic wave detection technology with the advent of acoustic vector sensors. Tri-axial acoustic vector sensors measure all three Cartesian components of the vector field of acoustic waves. With the development of acoustic vector sensor technology, it is now possible to combine an acoustic vector sensor with a pressure sensor to form a pressure-vector sensor in order to measure and process the information carried by both the scalar and vector field of an acoustic wave simultaneously.
A single pressure-vector sensor element has an omni-directional directivity for the pressure sensor and a dipole directivity in each axis of a three dimensional space for the vector sensor. A single pressure-vector sensor element provides limited advantages over a single pressure sensor element. However, an array of multiple pressure-vector sensors, properly arranged, can exhibit superior performance over an array of multiple pressure sensors with regard to the reduction of unwanted noise and noise source location. In particular, the use of pressure-vector sensors can significantly reduce the acoustic aperture size of the array if the signals from the pressure-vector sensors are processed correctly.
What is needed is a method for processing signals from an acoustic pressure-vector sensor array that is independent of acoustic frequency and does so for an array having a relatively small acoustic aperture.

Nonlinear techniques for pressure vector acoustic sensor array synthesis

The United States of America represented by the Secretary of the Navy


A beverage brewer (10) with a controller (14) that automatically disables selected brewer functions unless enabled by an enablement code that enables use that is only sufficient to brew a preselected quantity of beverage by mixing the brew ingredient (18) with water has a reader (54, 56, 58, 56, 59, 62) for communicating with and reading the enablement code (86) from a smart card, card with magnetic strip or other data carrying medium (FIGS. 4 and 5). The enablement card when used by a delivery employee has codes for multiple customers, etc. that is used by the delivery employee to enable the brewers to brew the brew ingredient that is being delivered but no more to avoid brewing of ingredient not provided by the distributor of the brew ingredient. Alternatively, one card (52) is used for each location or each brewer and may only be used with the location or brewer that is indicated. The controller (14) is capable of disabling the brewer function, the hot water function, or both, the bypass function, the brewing function or all in response to overuse or in response to the passage of time without required maintenance. The individual enablement code medium may be attached to the container of the brew ingredient permanently or detachably, mailed to the customer with billing, etc. or the enablement code may be entered manually or via a communication modem associated with the brewer (10). When a smart card or magnetic stripe card is used, then the brewer may write to the card the amount of brewer usage or hot water usage which information can later be downloaded to a billing computer at the home office of the distributor in addition to, or in lieu of, automatic disablement of the brewer functions when they exceed preselected maximum amounts.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to electrical coffee brewers and more particularly to commercial electric coffee brewers including those that have hot water faucets for dispensing hot water outside of the brew basket, and methods of brewing and of providing coffee distribution services.
2. Discussion of the Prior Art
In the coffee industry, it is common practice for coffee distributors to provide coffee makers to customers for no charge or for a charge that is at or near the distributor's cost. Very little or no profit is derived by the coffee distributor from the sale or rental of the coffee makers that they provide to the customers. Instead, the coffee distributors hope to make their profit from the sale of coffee to the customers who are using the coffee brewers that the coffee distributors provide. Generally, to insure that they will make profit from the coffee that is made in the brewer that they provide to the customer, they enter into a "total needs" contract pursuant to which the customer, in exchange for the coffee brewer at little or no charge, agrees to purchase all of the coffee used in the brewer from the distributor who provides the brewer.
The inventors have noted that a problem arises when the customer does not "live up to the bargain" and secretly purchase some of the coffee that is used in the brewer from another source that may be less expensive or of different quality. Such other source may be able to provide the coffee at a lesser price because the other source does not need to purchase and provide a brewer to the customer for little or no costs. Consequently, the ability of the coffee distributor to recover the costs of the brewer provided to the customer from the sales of coffee may be reduced.
In addition, generally the distributor assumes the costs of maintaining the brewer with the understanding that the volume of coffee sold by the distributor for use in the brewer will be adequate to cover the expense of maintenance. However, if the actual volume is high because of use of coffee purchased outside of the contract, then the need for high volume maintenance will be proportionately greater but because not all the coffee is being purchased from the distributor the actual purchases do not justify the costs of the maintenance. Most customers may be honest and meet their contractual obligations, but some do not, and the difference may be the difference between a financially successful distributorship and a business failure. There is no practical way to bill additional amounts for the additional use of the brewer beyond the use needed to brew the brew ingredient being sold to the customer of the distributor.
Another maintenance problem encountered with coffee brewers of the type that provide hot water faucets for direct dispensing of hot water for purposes of diluting the brewed coffee at customer's requests, is that many users of the brewer will also use the hot water for many other general purposes such as for cleaning purposes and making other hot drinks such as teas, cocoa and the like. Such use, if it is far in excess of the contemplated normal use for dilution of the coffee brewed by the brewer, may result in disproportionate increased lime accumulation that will lead to increased maintenance. Again, this uncontrolled use of hot water and resultant increased costs of maintenance is not covered by an increase in coffee purchases even if all purchases are made under the contract. There is no practical way to bill additional amounts for this additional use of hot water.

Brewer with measured use controlled disablement feature

Food Equipment Technologies Company, Inc.


A toilet seat lifting handle includes a first tubular structure secured about the hinge assembly of a traditionally configured toilet seat. A second tubular structure handle protrudes at a right angle at a first end of the first tubular structure thereby lifting or lowering the toilet seat lid when actuated.

Women have been known to complain that their husbands and the other males with which they may live or otherwise encounter, never seem to grasp the importance of lowering the toilet seat after use. Truthfully however, in raising and lowering the toilet seat or toilet lid one exposes themselves to a myriad of germs and bacteria that jeopardize their health and well-being. As a result, many people resort to trying to use their feet or wrap toilet paper around their hands when raising and lowering the seat and lid in order to avoid contact, especially in public restrooms.
Accordingly, there is a need for a means by which the raising and lowering of a toilet seat and lid can be accomplished in a manner such that it does not expose the user to any unsanitary conditions present on the toilet seat or lid. The development of the Toilet Seat Lifting Handle fulfills this need.


Provided is a transition piece for a wind turbine, to connect a wind turbine to a foundation, wherein the transition piece includes a connection area to be connected to a foundation.

Wind turbines are known to be erected onshore or offshore. In the case of an onshore wind turbine a foundation is built on the ground and the wind turbine is installed on the foundation. In the case of an offshore wind turbine, a foundation is connected to the seabed. It is also known to use a floating foundation that is supported by the water.
Wind turbines comprise a rotor, a nacelle, and a tower. The rotor comprises rotor blades and is rotatably connected to the nacelle. The nacelle is connected to the top of the tower. The tower of the wind turbine is connected to the foundation. The foundation comprises steel and/or concrete. The foundation transfers and distributes the weight of the wind turbine and the loads acting on the wind turbine to the medium on which the foundation is resting. In the case of an offshore foundation a gravity foundation, a monopole, a tripod or a jacket structure can be used.
An electric connection can be provided to the wind turbine to connect the wind turbine to an especially land based infrastructure. The wind turbine comprises an electrical system to deliver electrical energy to the connection. To achieve this, the wind turbine can for example comprise a transformer and/or a converter. The wind turbine can also comprise switchgear. Switchgear can be any combination of electrical disconnect switches, fuses and/or circuit breakers used to control, protect and isolate electrical equipment.
Within the last years, the electrical output power of wind turbines and their mechanical size have increased. Therefore the weight of the wind turbines and the loads acting on the wind turbines also increased. Therefore it is necessary to build heavier and stronger foundations.
Due to the higher output of electrical power, the electrical equipment in the wind turbine also tends to increase in size and weight, adding additional weight and loads to the wind turbine and the foundation. It is also advantageous to use a very rigid tower for the wind turbine, which results in a high weight and the use of a lot of material.
For the reasons mentioned above, increasing amounts of material are needed for these wind turbines and they are therefore more expensive.


A cam actuating clamp. The clamp has first and second jaws, with one of the jaws including a surface forming a fulcrum and the other one of the jaws including a projecting arm which contacts the fulcrum when the clamp is in an open position. The clamp is moved from a closed to an open position simply by the user grasping an actuating lever that is pivotally secured to one of the jaws and lifting the clamp, in which the weight of the jaws causes rotation of the jaws, relative to the actuating lever, into an open configuration. A pair of springs secured under tension between the jaws hold the jaws in the open position. The jaws are clamped over a work piece by the user moving the actuating lever into a second position. A camming surface on the actuating lever provides an over center action that enables the springs to both assist in opening the clamp as well as closing the clamp depending upon the position of the actuating lever. Since the jaws are not positively attached to one another, the jaws can be expanded to accommodate work pieces of widely varying thicknesses.

Clamping mechanisms are used in a wide variety of applications to clamp two or more work pieces together during various types of manufacturing and assembly operations. One such clamp is often used in the assembly of various components used in commercial and military aircrafts. For example, the construction of interior panels used in commercial aircraft often requires the use of a plurality of clamps to hold two or more panels together during an assembly or manufacturing operation. The clamps often have to be taken off and then placed on work pieces a number of times during the construction process. Thus, with conventional clamps a significant degree of physical effort is often expended by workers simply placing numbers of clamps on to work pieces, and then being required to remove the clamps from the work pieces, then repeating this operation a number of times. The physical effort required to place and remove clamps from the work piece also can add to the overall manufacturing time.
One clamp developed to overcome the above drawbacks is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,832,416, assigned to the Boeing Company. These clamps make use of a living hinge and a camming number that allows the clamp to be quickly and easily attached to an edge of one or more work pieces with a minimal degree of physical effort by the user.
Nevertheless, it would further be highly desirable to provide a spring clamp that can be opened quickly and easily by the user and placed over the edges of one or more work pieces with a minimal degree of physical effort by the user, and can further accommodate work pieces of significantly varying thicknesses.


The invention relates to cecropin-like polypeptides with a variety of C-terminus modifications. Conversion of the terminal carboxy group to a homoserine extended neutral, negatively charged or positively charged form results in the polypeptides of the invention that have significant bactericidal effects against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to polypeptides and more specifically to cecropin-like polypeptides with various C-terminus modifications. These modified Cecropin-like polypeptides exhibit increased potency and broader spectrum of antimicrobial activity than the cecropins. This invention also relates to methods of producing these modified cecropins and methods of suppressing the growth of Gram-negative or Gram-positive bacteria by their administration.
2. Brief Description of the Background Art
The immune system of the Cecropia moth and several lepidopteran insects is characterized by an effective humoral response which is mainly associated with the cecropins, a recently discovered family of antibacterial peptides (Boman, H. G. and Steiner, H., Current Topics In Microbiology and Immunology 94/95:75-91 (1981). Three major cecropins, A, B, and D, have been purified from immune hemolymph and their sequences have been elucidated (Qu et al., European Journal of Biochemistry 127:219-224 (1982); Hultmark et al., Ibid, 127:207-217 (1982); and Hultmark et al., U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,355,104 and 4,520,016). All cecropins are small basic peptides with a high degree of mutual sequence homology. The amino acid sequences of cecropins A, B and D from Antheraea pernyi (A.p.) and from Hylophora cecropia (H.c.) are as follows: ##STR1##
The natural cecropins possess antibacterial activity against a variety of bacteria including both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The available data on the mode of action of the cecropins indicate that they disrupt the cytoplasmic membranes of bacteria (Steiner et al., Nature 292:246-248 (1981)). It is apparent from the literature that different bacterial species have different sensitivities to the cecropins, and that each cecropin has a distinct spectrum of activity. For example, Bacillus megaterium is highly sensitive to cecropins A and B, but relatively resistant to cecropin D. Both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms have been shown to be sensitive to cecropins in the micromolar concentration range. Organisms showing a high level of sensitivity to cecropins include Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus megaterium, and Salmonella typhimurium.
Although cecropins A and B have eight amino acid replacements within the first 32 residues and possess unique C-terminal sequences, their activities against nine different bacterial species are very similar. This suggests that many amino acid substitutions can be tolerated without altering the biological activity of the peptide. Similarly, cecropin B from the Chinese oak silk moth (A. pernyi) differs from cecropin B from North American silk moths (H. cecropia) at four positions; however, three of the changes are replacements for the corresponding amino acids found in the H. cecropia A form. The fourth change is in a position where H. cecropia A and B forms differ and is a conservative change.
The carboxyl terminus in all naturally occurring cecropins is blocked and, in the case of cecropin A, the blocking group R is a primary amide (Andreu et al., P.N.A.S. USA 80:6475-6479 (1983)). Cecropin A and several related peptides have recently been synthesized by solid phase techniques and have been shown to be totally indistinguishable from natural cecropin A by chemical and physical criteria as well as biological activity when the C-terminus was amidated (Andreu et al., supra). We have observed that the modification of the carboxy terminus is required for bactericidal activity in the micromolar concentration range against most Gram-positive and some Gram-negative bacteria.
The covalent modification of the carboxy terminus of proteins can be achieved quantitatively by the cleavage at methionyl residues with cyanogen bromide. This chemical cleavage results in the formation of C-terminal homoserine lactone which can be modified by a variety of chemical agents (Horn, Analytical Biochemistry 69:583-589 (1975); Kempe et al., Gene 39:239-245 (1985); Kempe et at., Biotechnology 4:565-568 (1986).
In view of the great usefulness of the cecropins and analogs thereof and of the great promise that recombinant DNA methods offer for the production of proteins, it appeared desirable to provide a system for the production of cecropin-like polypeptides by means of such technology. Furthermore, it would be desirable to produce recombinant cecropin-like polypeptides that possess bactericidal activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria as do naturally occurring cecropins.

DNA encoding polypeptides with activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria


A microelectronic structure (200) and a fabrication method of microelectronic are described. A first package (10) has a first conductive pad (40, 41, 47, 48) formed on a first foundation layer (12). A loop of conductive wire (50-53) is wirebonded to the first conductive pad ((40, 41, 47, 48) of the first foundation layer (12). A mold cap (70) is formed on the first foundation layer (12). A via (90-93) is formed in the mold cap (70) to reach the conductive wire (50-53). A solder structure (80-83) is coupled to the conductive wire (50-53). A second package (100) is connected to the first package (10) by attaching a second solder structure (110-113) of a second package (100) to the first solder structure (80-83) of the first package (10).

Package-on-package ("PoP") technology is widely used for electronics to provide increased functionality and further miniaturization typically demanded for consumer devices.
One major type of PoP technology uses a partial molded bottom package coupled to an upper package by using solder balls or bumps. One disadvantage of this design is the difficulty of controlling warpage of the bottom package. Another disadvantage of this design is that a relatively large solder ball is needed to achieve higher ball stand off, which consumes more surface area (i.e., x-y area). Thus, this design has a larger distance between conductive leads (the distance known as "pitch"), and this is not easily amenable to a fine pitch package—i.e., a package with relatively small distances between conductive leads.
Another major type of PoP technology uses a fully molded bottom package, which evolved from the partial molded package. The fully molded bottom package has less warpage and uses through-mold via ("TMV") connections. For this design, the through-mold via has a solder bump or ball at the bottom of the via of the bottom package. The upper package is connected by another solder ball that contacts the solder ball of bottom package.
A disadvantage of the fully molded package is the difficulty of obtaining a fine pitch for leads using through-mold via connections. To form a TMV, a cavity is formed in the molded epoxy of the bottom package using a laser drilling process. Unfortunately, laser drilling results in the via having a conical shape rather than a cylindrical shape. The conical via shape means that the pitch of the interconnects increases with the thickness of the epoxy mold cap. Moreover, for tight pitch designs, during processing the mold separation between vias may be removed, resulting in shorted solder balls. This may result in higher manufacturing costs for deeper through-mold via designs.
To avoid shorted (i.e., bridged) solder balls, a design using copper pillars or copper posts has been proposed. For that approach, the via does not extend all the way through the mold. Instead, a copper pillar or copper post is built up on the bottom substrate. This reduces the depth of the conically-shaped via in the mold because the via only needs to reach the top of the copper pillar or post. This helps to reduce the via pitch—i.e., the distance between vias. A disadvantage of the copper pillar or post design is that the cost of additive copper plating in very expensive. Moreover, the current state of the art for the industry would be a maximum height of 100 to 150 microns for the copper post.

Conductive wire through-mold connection apparatus and method


A method of processing. The method includes attaching a plurality of studs to a blank comprising a material having a first size approximating a second size of a part to be machined from the blank. The method also includes attaching a number of the plurality of studs to a tool tab. The method also includes attaching the tool tab to a tooling fixture. The method also includes removing material from the blank to form a finished part, wherein the plurality of studs remain attached to the blank during removing. The method also includes detaching the plurality of studs from the finished part.

1. Field
The present disclosure relates generally to manufacturing parts and in particular to a method and apparatus for holding parts during manufacturing processing.
2. Background
Manufacturing involves the use of tools and labor to produce or make things for use or sale. With this type of process, raw materials are transformed into finished goods or products, typically on a large scale. With the manufacturing of an aircraft, metal working combined with other operations, such as fatigue enhancement, chemical processing, and application of paint are often performed to create finished structures or machine parts. This metal working may include processes, such as milling, turning, cutting, drilling, and threading.
With these processes, it is common to hold a part in place while a particular process is being performed. For example, in creating a part, such as an air foil or frame for an aircraft, a block of raw material may be machined to form the component. This block of raw material is typically made of a metal, such as titanium, steel, or aluminum. This block of material is typically larger than the component being made. For example, in manufacturing a frame for a fuselage, a portion of the frame may be machined or cut out of a rectangular piece of titanium. The typical "buy to fly" ratio may be thirty to one in which twenty-nine pounds of material is machined into chips to create one pound of a part that is used on an aircraft.
For example, the size or amount of material needed for a particular part takes into account a need for sufficient material to machine or cut out sections that may be used to hold the part during manufacturing. Taking into account a need for sections that may be used to hold the part, the amount of material used to create the part increases. The amount of material needed includes more than just the sections for holding the part during manufacturing. The block of material also is large enough to allow for these components to be machined or created during the machining process.

Method for holding parts during manufacturing processing


A field-emitter having stable electrical properties, a long service life and a very small electron emission voltage is provided. The cathode of the element has a strongly sharpened projection at the tip end, and a smooth connection between the projection and the body portion. In the method of manufacturing the elements, cathodes are produced with a high reproducibility by using a mold produced by forming concave portions in the silicon and oxidizing the layer thereon, whereby the spacing between the cathode and the gate electrode is determined by the thickness of the silicon oxide layer, and the position of the cathode is determined by the silicon oxide layer embedded in the silicon substrate, by using an etching stop method based on an electrochemical etching process.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a field-emitter used in a scanning electron microscope or a cathode ray tube, and to a method of producing same.
Increasing research is being made, into micro field-emitters formed on a silicon or glass substrate by utilizing the technology used for manufacturing integrated circuits. The application of the micro-field emitter extends to vacuum tube integrated circuits including an array of vacuum triodes, each composed of a cathode, control electrode and anode, as well as a flat display panel in which cathodes are arranged in a plane and a fluorescent element faces the plane. New advances, therefore, can be expected in this field, and the present invention deals with such a field emitter and a method of producing same.
2. Description of the Related Art
Field-emitters and methods of producing same are known as Gray's method from U.S. Pat. No. 4,307,507 issued on Dec. 29, 1981, and from S.M. Zimmerman, D.B. Colavith and W.T. Babie; Development Progress Toward The Fabrication of Vacuum Microelectronic Devices Using Conventional Semiconductor Processing (Proceedings of IEDM 90, pp. 163-166 (1990)).
The field-emitter cathode and method of manufacturing same developed by Gray et al., are first elucidated. This method is based on the technique whereby one or more very small holes are formed in an etching mask deposited on a silicon single crystal substrate, and the substrate then etched with an anisotropic etching which assures different etching rates according to differences in the crystal orientation, to thereby obtain etched holes having a sharpened bottom tip, with a high reproducibility. For example, when a (100) substrate is etched with an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide, etched holes in the form of quadrangular pyramid are formed, and thereafter, a cathode material is deposited on the silicon single crystal substrate having the above-described etched holes, to form a thin film thereon. In this case, the film of cathode material may be formed after forming a protective layer on the silicon single crystal substrate. Finally, the cathode is produced by removing, by an appropriate etching, the silicon single crystal substrate utilized as a mold. This method gives quadrangular pyramid-shaped cathodes.
Further, a method of manufacturing microtriodes by S.M. Zimmerman et al is elucidated; FIG. 1 shows the section of an element in the respective stages of manufacture thereof.
As shown in FIG. 1A, a single crystal silicon substrate 23 is oxidized to form an silicon oxide layer 19, and then a silicon nitride layer 20 and polysilicon layer 21 forming a gate electrode are successively deposited.
As shown in FIG. 1B, an opening 22 approximately 2 .mu.m.times.2 .mu.m square is formed, and the silicon nitride layer 20 and silicon oxide layer 19 are etched through the opening 22.
As shown in FIG. 1C, a silicon oxide layer 27 is deposited over the whole surface of the substrate, by a low pressure chemical vapor deposition method (LPCVD method), whereby an inversed cone is formed at the opening in the silicon oxide layer, and subsequently, a polysilicon layer 24 is formed on the whole surface of the substrate by the LPCVD method, as shown in FIG. 1D. In this case, a cathode 26 in the form of the inversed cone is formed at the inversed cone-shaped mold in the silicon oxide layer. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 1E, an opening 25 is formed, in the vicinity of the cathode 26 made of poly-silicon, in the poly-silicon layer. Finally, a microtriode is produced with a space formed by etching the silicon oxide layer deposited in the initially formed opening 22 through the opening 25.
Nevertheless, several problems arise in the above-described prior arts. Namely, the method of Gray et al., provides a high reproducibility in the shape of the cathode, since the mold is formed by anisotropically etching silicon single crystal, but difficulties remain with the sharpening of the tip of the cathode, with finely fabricating the element, and with forming the control electrode close to the cathode. Furthermore, the edge angle of the cathode tip obtained by this method is determined by the angle of the crystallographic surface obtained by the etching, and this makes it difficult to sharpen the angle of the cathode tip, and thus it becomes impossible to reduce the voltage of the electron emission.
In the method of manufacturing microtriodes proposed by S.M. Zimmerman et al., a mold formed at the opening 22 in the silicon substrate 23, on which the silicon oxide layer 27 is deposited by the LPCVD method, changes the shape and size of the opening 22, depending on the conditions for forming the silicon oxide layer 27, and the thickness of the layer, causing a lower reproducibility of the shape formed. As a result, a high reproducibility of the radius of curvature cannot be obtained for the tip of the produced cathode 26. Moreover, it is difficult to control the position of the cathode tip, due to the change in the shape of the mold. Also, the spacing between the single crystal cathode 26 and substrate 23 for the anode electrode, as well as the mutual relationship between the cathode 26 and polysilicon layer 21, cannot be controlled, and accordingly, the voltage of the electron emission and the electron travelling time changes from element to element. Further, a problem arises with the stability of the electric properties. Namely, the cathode produced by this method has an increased resistivity due to the reduced angle of inclination in the main body, resulting in a destruction of the cathode itself by the Joule's heat.
Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a field-emitter ensuring stable electrical properties and a lower electron emission voltage by producing a cathode including a projection having a reduced inclination angle of the tip thereof, and by controlling the positional relationship between the cathode and anode and/or gate, and to provide a method of manufacturing an emitter having the same properties, with a high reproducibility.


A swing set assembly having a swing set connector connected to a top rail is preferably provided which has a first cantilevered arm which connects to a top rail of at least two outer perimeters. Top rails are envisioned either fitting over the arm or in a bore the arm depending upon the outer perimeter of the top rail utilized. These and other embodiments are envisioned being of modular construction of a first half and a second half whether at an end of or between top rails. On the event that modification of the swing set is desired, an end half can be removed from a first half, and a top rail half connected thereto along with another top rail to extend the length of the total swing set. Alternatively, if a total top rail length is to be shortened, a top rail can be removed and a first half of the connector can be replaced with an end half.

In the manufacture of swing sets, a top rail is utilized to connect swings thereto, normally with a set of brackets with chains, depending downwardly therefrom which usually connect to a seat. This top rail is normally connected to supports such as pairs of front and rear supports which are respectively directed towards the front and the back and possibly additional supports at each end.
However, prior art connectors utilized to connect supports to end supports and/or front and back supports to the top rail have, in the past, been provided so that the are sized to cooperate with particular size top rails having a specified single outer diameter. Furthermore, there is not believed to be an ability to utilize selected portions of the connectors with other portions so as to cooperate with an existing swing set to install an additional top rail member or alternatively an end support.
Accordingly, improved connectors for connecting supports to the top rails and method of their use are believed to be necessary for swing systems.