A shelter has a framework of resilient wire in two separate closed loops. Both loops have a memory urging them to lie circularly in a flat plane. Each loop is elongated with one longitudinal end portion partially curled back toward an opposite end portion with the curled end portion being an arch for providing vertical support and the opposite end portion being a generally U-shaped footing member. One loop extends through the other, preferably symmetrically, such that the footing members are opposingly disposed in relation to each other to provide generally planar footing support for the shelter, e.g. the footing members are substantially coplanar with the closed ends of their U-shapes facing outward in opposite directions, and such that the support arches are opposingly aligned and spaced apart, the spacing defining the width of the shelter's ceiling. The loops are kept curled and held in relation to each other by restraining sleeves which are affixed to the external surface of an envelope which at least partially encloses a volume defined by the framework. The respective memories in the loops urging them to outwardly uncurl in opposite directions act to keep the envelope taut.

This invention relates in general to self-supporting, temporary shelters having a forcefully foldable frame made entirely of separate resilient wire loops, having an envelope which encloses at least a portion of a volume defined by the frame, and having a balancing of tensile forces between the frame and the envelope by which the form of the shelter is achieved.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,858,634 by McLeese presents a self-erecting tent structure having an elliptical base loop and at least a second loop formed in the shape of a saddle clamped to the base loop, the high ends of the saddle providing arches for vertical support. This structure is illustrated in FIG. 22. The patent discloses that the low ends of the saddle loop are attached to the base loop at at least two points. FIG. 22 illustrates that the saddle is attached to the base loop at at least four points, two on each side. There are several disadvantages to this configuration. In practice, the clamps attaching the saddle loop to the base loop have tremendous forces exerted against them when the structure is folded. These tremendous forces almost invariably release the clamps causing dis-attachment of the saddle loop from the base loop. Moreover, the memories of the loops do not apply tension to the fabric comprising the sides of the tent because there are no opposing forces between the saddle loop and the base loop, so the sides tend to sag.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,163,461 by Ivanovich et al., discloses another self-erecting structure but in this case the framework is made from a single loop folded in various ways to provide a footing and vertical support arches. FIG. 1 illustrates a shelter in which the single loop is folded so as to have an elliptical base and a saddle-shaped superstructure. However, this configuration has several disadvantages. The forces applied by the memory of the loop are asymmetrical due to differences in how the superstructure and the base loop come together at the front and back of the structure. At the front, there is a crossing of the loop's wire whereas at the back, the saddle dips down to meet the base loop and is clamped to the base loop. Because of this arrangement, the memory in the superstructure tends to drive the back end of the saddle downward past the base loop, and that is apparently why clamping is necessary. Thus, at the back of the structure, there is no lifting tension on the covering fabric and so the fabric near the juncture of the back end of the saddle and the base loop tends to sag. If the tent has a fabric flood barrier around its base, as most tents do, this sagging tends to lower the height of the flood barrier with obviously disadvantageous results. This sagging is even more so when the clamping between the saddle and the base becomes disengaged, as it easily can because of the large forces applied to the clamps during folding. Another disadvantage is that the connector which couples the ends of the loop's wire together to close the loop is located and exposed at the entrance of the structure. (See FIG. 3, item 5). If a wire end becomes disengaged from the connector, it can create a hazardous condition.
As will be more fully explained in the description of the preferred embodiment, this invention uses two independent, resilient wire loops to impart more uniform and symmetrical tensile forces to the envelope, typically fabric, to keep it taut, including the lower rim of the envelope where a flood barrier is typically located. Moreover, the cost of manufacturing and maintenance of such shelters is reduced because of, among other things, the lack of any need to clamp the loops together.
Other advantages and attributes of this invention will be readily discernable upon a reading of the text hereinafter.


The principle utility of the blade modification tool is as a work holder for holding a helicopter blade in a firm position and a process for cutting at least two feet from the end. More specifically, in conformity with FAA regulations, a Bell Helicopter Model UH-1H rotor blade assembly may be modified for FAA approved installation on the Bell Helicopter Model UH-1B.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a work holder for use for supporting long helicopter rotors during blade modification and a process for the surgical removal of the outer tip to provide a rotor that is structurally, aerodynamically, and dynamically identical to the longer rotor blade. The invention deals more particularly with a work holder to support a Bell Helicopter Model UH-1H rotor blade assembly and a process for modifying the blade for FAA approved installation on the Bell Helicopter Model UH-1B.
2. Description of the Prior Art
There are several prior art work holders for supporting long objects to be worked on. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 1,312,306 to Campbell discloses an improvement in horses used in window glass factories for supporting the glass cylinders after they have been taken down, and while they are being cut into smaller cylinders. Connections are provided between supporting members of the horse whereby pressure or weight on one member will be transmitted to another or others and thus cause them to adjust themselves to the surface of the cylinder and evenly support the latter throughout its length irrespective of differences in diameter so that the weight of the cylinder will be evenly distributed on the supporting member of the horse. U.S. Pat. No. 3,362,295 to Galbarini et al discloses a work holder for use for supporting large sized rotors of electric machines during longitudinal milling thereof on a milling machine. The work is rotated by a simple manipulation, avoiding torsional deformations and protecting at the same time the previously milled slots against mechanical damage. U.S. Pat. No. 3,848,863 to Owen discloses a welding jig which includes a pair of parallel rails which support at least two movable carriages. The patent to Owen uses rollers mounted on parallel shafts to hold circular parts and rotate them as they are being processed. None of the prior art devices are used on nor can they be used on such a varying shape as a helicopter blade nor do they require the precision and care to meet FAA regulations. The device and process of the instant invention has been granted Department of Transportation-Federal Aviation Administration Supplemental Type Certificate Number SA2621SO.


A handguard grip assembly has a connector to be fixed to a barrel of a rifle, the barrel having a barrel axis, a grip having a grip axis and adapted to be held by a user of the rifle and a flexible joint connected between the connector and the grip for allowing the grip and grip axis to pivot to any angle with respect to the barrel axis.

The present invention relates generally to the field of firearms and in particular to new and useful multipurpose, flexible grip for connecting to the forestock, forend, forearm or handguard of a rifle, that enhances the use and versatility of the rifle in an intelligent manner.
Rifles or long guns with a barrel that extends forwardly of the weapon receiver, often include a handguard of plastic or wood, over the barrel to protect the users "weak" hand that normally grips the weapon somewhere along the barrel. In the case of military and law enforcement rifles, commonly called assault rifles, that may operate in semiautomatic and automatic modes, the handguard, that is here interchangeably called the forestock, forend or forearm of the rifle, may include one or more elongated mounting rails for mounting various accessories. Such accessories may include a flashlight, an aiming laser, a mono-pod or bi-pod and/or a handguard grip.
In the case of a handguard grip, these are useful to support and control pointing and aiming of the weapon, especially, but not excessively during automatic fire.
Handguard grips are often but not always connected to the rifle by a connector that attaches to the handguard rail and are always fixed in position. This position is most often perpendicular to the barrel axis but some such grips can be at a rearward angle to the axis or may be moved into different angular, but fixed positions to accommodate the users preference. The handguard grip is grasped by the weak hand, and helps the user achieve a more favorable and comfortable support and control of the weapon. The term weak hand is meant to contrast the users "strong" or dominant hand that holds the trigger grip in normal use, but in military and law enforcement situations, all shooters must be trained and be able to switch hands for tactical reasons. For example, when approaching a doorway in a combat situation, the soldier may not have the luxury of approaching from the left for maximum cover, in the case of a right-handed person. The soldier must be able to become left-handed at this time and approach from the right side of the doorway.
Thus, while ambidextrous usage of the rifle is required, in the case there is it desired to have the handgrip extend to one side of the barrel or the other, current grips cannot active this. Even if a grip can be repositions, e.g. by attaching it to a side rail of a rifle equipped with a quad-rail system, this takes time and would not be appropriate in a combat situation.
While generally favorable for use of a military and law enforcement rifle, a handguard grip may also have disadvantages. Being fixed in place, it may catch on clothing, other equipment and surroundings. When entering and leaving a vehicle, the handguard grip may strike the users thigh causing pain and momentary diversion of focus that is not good in any potentially dangerous situation. When an occasion arises requiring the rifle to be aimed out through a vehicle or building window, the fixed grip may hinder deploying or retracting the rifle as the grip may get caught on the window or window sill. Many other and varied scenarios exist that illustrate the potential disadvantage of a fixed handguard grip.
U.S. Pat. No. 9,573,268 to Azhocar discloses a swivel handle assembly with a ball attachment including an elongated grip handle that must be twisted in one direction to loosen the engagement with a ball of the ball attachment, to allow the handle to be tilted, within limits, to any angle with respect to the barrel axis. The grip handle is then twisted in the opposite direction to tighten the engagement with the ball to fix the grip handle position. By requiring untwisting and then re-twisting of the grip handle before a new position can be secured, time and dexterity as well and the precision of aiming are lost. This can have fatal consequences during a combat situation. In addition, the locked grip poses a possible safety hazard as mentioned above.

Intelligent multipurpose flexible rifle grip


The present disclosure provides a wireless communication antenna structure for both heat dissipation and radiation which includes: an inside helical pattern including an inside start end and an inside tail end; an outside helical pattern including an outside start end and an outside tail end; a heat dissipating/radiating metal layer including one side metal region and the other side metal region; and a plurality of via holes respectively connecting, up and down, the inside tail end and the one side metal region, and the outside start end and the other side metal region, so that the inside helical pattern, the heat dissipating/radiating metal layer and the outside helical pattern are connected in sequence to be a helical type. The present disclosure also implements heat dissipation of various components inside a portable terminal while implementing better near field wireless communication.

Generally speaking, a tablet computer or a smart phone gets heated up because it is driven by multiple circuit components required in wireless communication or various calculations performed through power supply, and such kind of heat functions as a main factor for reducing service lives of components therebetween, thus, a structure that can dissipate heat as quickly as possible is needed.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an embodiment of antenna coils of a prior art (No. 2016-0121073, Published Patent Gazette of Republic of Korea).
The structure of wireless antenna coils used in smart phones in the prior art is as illustrated in FIG. 1. Two wireless data receiving coils 51-1 and 51-2 capable of wirelessly receiving data are provided on a housing portion, and a wireless energy receiving coil 52 capable of wirelessly receiving energy is provided inside the data receiving coils 51-1 and 51-2.
Meanwhile, in general, a maximum wireless data receiving coil 51-1 located at a outside may be an NFC coil, but according to needs, the wireless data receiving coil 51-1 located at the innermost may be an NFC coil.
FIGS. 2a-5b are diagrams showing embodiments of methods of configuring multi-antenna coils of the prior art.
FIGS. 2a-2d are diagrams showing embodiments of situations where the wireless energy receiving coil has wireless data receiving coils provided at an inside and outside thereof.
FIG. 2a is a diagram of an embodiment of a situation where there are also two wireless energy receiving coils 52-1 and 52-2 and there are also two wireless data receiving coils 51-1 and 51-2 provided at the outside of the wireless energy receiving coils 52-1 and 52-2.
FIGS. 2b and 2c are diagrams of an embodiment of a situation where there are also two wireless energy receiving coils 52-1 and 52-2, and there is one of the wireless data receiving coils 51-1 and 51-2 provided at the outside of the wireless energy receiving coils 52-1 and 52-2.
At this time, one of the wireless data receiving coils 51-1 and 51-2 may be an NFC coil, and may also be other data communication coils capable of performing authentications, settlements, or the like.
On the other hand, FIG. 2d is a diagram of an embodiment when there is one wireless energy receiving coil 52-1. Meanwhile, even if in the case where there is one wireless energy receiving coil 52-1, two wireless data receiving coils 51-1 and 51-2 may be provided at the outside of the wireless energy receiving coil 52-1.
On the other hand, when there is one wireless energy receiving coil 52-1, only one of the wireless data receiving coils 51-1 and 51-2 may be provided at the outside of the wireless energy receiving coil 52-1. At this time, the one of the wireless data receiving coils 51-1 and 51-2 may be an NFC coil, and may also be other data communication coils capable of performing authentications, settlements, or the like.
FIGS. 3a-3d are diagrams showing an embodiment of providing the wireless data receiving coils 51-1 and 51-2 independently of the wireless energy receiving coil 52. At this time, only one of the wireless data receiving coils 51-1 and 51-2 may exist. In addition, a size of the wireless data receiving coil 51-1 and a size of the wireless data receiving coil 51-2 may be less than and may also be similar to that of the wireless energy receiving coil 52.
FIGS. 4a and 4b are diagrams showing an embodiment of providing one of the wireless data receiving coils 51-1 and 51-2 at the outside of the wireless energy receiving coil 52, and providing the other one of the wireless data receiving coils 51-1 and 51-2 at another position.
At this time, a coil located at an outside of the wireless energy receiving coil 52 may be an NFC coil, and may also be other data communication coils capable of performing authentications, settlements or the like.
FIGS. 5a and 5b are diagrams showing embodiments of situations where the wireless data receiving coils 51-1 and 51-2 are configured independently of the wireless energy receiving coil 52, and there are two wireless data receiving coils 51-1 and 51-2.
Meanwhile, one of the two wireless data receiving coils 51-1 and 51-2 is provided at an inside, and the other one is provided at an outside. On the other hand, the wireless data receiving coil provided at the inside may be an NFC coil, and the wireless data receiving coil provided at the outside may be other data communication coils capable of performing authentications, settlements, or the like. Conversely, it may also be the case that the wireless data receiving coil provided at the outside is an NFC coil, and the wireless data receiving coil provided at the inside is other data communication coils capable of performing authentications, settlements, or the like.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an embodiment of other functional film layers provided on the wireless antenna coil.
As illustrated in FIG. 6, above a film 55 provided with wireless antenna coils 52 and 51, a film 56 formed with ferrite layers (magnetic layers) 56a and 56b is provided, and in addition, a film 57 formed with a heat dissipating film layer is provided thereon.
Meanwhile, a kind of the ferrite layer 56a where the wireless energy receiving coil is located and a kind of the ferrite layer 56b where the wireless data receiving coil is located may be different from each other.
A ferrite sheet may also have an insulating effect, but it is a component of a sheet form provided in order to minimize a magnetic field effect caused between coils and between coils and components. Thus, the ferrite sheet is enabled to be located between a coil and a mobile phone component.
Therefore, although in the case where a multi-antenna coil substrate 55 in the prior art is attached to a back of a housing of a smart phone, the ferrite sheet is located at a top; conversely, in the case where the multi-antenna coil substrate 55 is attached to components, such as a battery, and the like, of a smart phone, the ferrite sheet is attached to a bottom.
As a ferrite sheet, it adopts not only a silicon steel sheet, but may also be materials that have already been commercialized such as manganese, ferrite, permalloy, permendur, metallic glass, and iron powder. Moreover, it may use zinc, and the like as an absorber form.
A ferrite sheet is provided at a board region between coils so as to reduce impact of a magnetic field between the wireless energy receiving coils and the wireless data receiving coils.
FIGS. 7a and 7b are diagrams showing an embodiment of sectional structures of a ferrite film and a heat dissipating film.
In order to be provided in a smart phone, it is important to make thickness of respective layers become thinner, and the embodiment of FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an embodiment for making thickness of respective layers become thinner.
In FIGS. 7a and 7b, a heat dissipating layer is coated on a heat dissipating film 57 to form a heat dissipating layer 57a, and a thermal conductive adhesive layer 57b is formed under the heat dissipating film 57 in order to bond other layers. Meanwhile, the ferrite sheet forms ferrite layers 56 and 56b on the ferrite film 56. At this time, in order to make the entire thickness become thinner, the coating of the ferrite layer is about 20-100 μm. Moreover, a thermal conductive adhesive layer 56c is formed under the ferrite film 56.
However, the structure of a wireless antenna coil of the prior art used in smart phones is composed of a structure of coating heat dissipating layer on the heat dissipating film 57 to form the heat dissipating layer 57a and forming the conductive adhesive layer 57b under the heat dissipating film 57 in order to bond other layers, thus, it may bring the problem that the entire thickness become thicker due to the thickness of the heat dissipating film 57.

Wireless communication antenna structure for both heat dissipation and radiation

SHENZHEN ACCOMTECH COMMUNICATION ELECTRONICS CO., LTD.


A method of manufacturing a light emitting device includes: providing a substantially flat plate-shaped base member which in plan view includes at least one first portion having an upper surface, and a second portion surrounding the at least one first portion and having inner lateral surfaces; mounting at least one light emitting element on the at least one first portion; shifting a relative positional relationship between the at least one first portion and the second portion in an upper-lower direction to form at least one recess defined by an upper surface of the at least one first portion that serves as a bottom surface of the at least one recess and at least portions of the inner lateral surfaces of the second portion that serve as lateral surfaces of the at least one recess; and bonding the at least one first portion and the second portion with each other.

The present disclosure relates to a light emitting device and a method of manufacturing the light emitting device.
Light emitting devices using light emitting elements such as LEDs can easily exhibit high light emission efficiency, and are thus used in various devices such as backlight devices for display devices or the like, or lighting devices. A method of manufacturing a light emitting device is known in which a light emitting element is mounted and then a light-reflective resin is disposed surrounding the light emitting device to miniaturize the light emitting device. For example, a method of manufacturing a light emitting diode is proposed that includes a first step of covering LED elements on a substrate with a light transmissive resin, a second step of removing a portion of the light transmissive resin at an intermediate portion between the LED elements to form a groove, a third step of filling the groove with a light-reflective resin, and a fourth step of curing the light-reflective resin and then cutting the substrate such that the light-reflective resin is disposed surrounding each of the LED elements to divide into individual light emitting diodes (see Japanese unexamined patent publication No. 2002-368281).

Light emitting device and method of manufacturing the light emitting device


The present invention introduces the novel, improved design approach of the semiconductor devices that utilize the effect of carrier recombination, for example, to produce the electromagnetic radiation. The approach is based on the separate control over the injection of the electrons and holes into the active region of the device. As a result, better recombination efficiencies can be achieved, and the effect of the wavelength shift of the produced radiation can be eliminated. The devices according to the present invention outperform existing solid state light and electromagnetic radiation sources and can be used in any applications where solid state light sources are currently involved, as well as any applications future discovered.

The semiconductor devices that utilize the effect of carrier recombination to produce the electromagnetic radiation are widely used in electronics and optoelectronics. Typically, to achieve efficient carrier recombination, the portions of semiconductor materials are brought in contact that provide two different general conductivity types, known as electron and hole conductivity types. Due to the mutual carrier penetration through the said contact caused by diffusion and/or drift in the externally applied electric field, the two types of carriers are simultaneously present in the region of the semiconductor device adjacent to the said contact, also referred to as active region, where they can recombine with each other under the emission of energy, in a form of either electromagnetic radiation (photon) or elastic crystalline lattice vibration (phonon). For a large class of devices, the said photon generation is the useful output.
In most of the cases, the photons are produced most effectively if the electron and hole interact and recombine as "free" carriers, resulting in so-called band-to-band recombination. This recombination leads to the generation of a photon with energy of (slightly higher than) the electronic bandgap of the portion of semiconductor comprising the said active region of the semiconductor device. This photon can be effectively absorbed by the semiconductor material having the same or lower bandgap as/than the said active region of the device. To prevent this absorption, efficient photon generating semiconductor devices are usually designed in such a way that the active region comprises the semiconductor material of the lowest bandgap all over the said device. The semiconductor device comprising the regions of different semiconductor materials is usually referred to as a heterostructure. Thus, effective photon generation device is usually a heterostructure device.
Exactly one electron and one hole contribute to a single act of recombination with generation of a photon. The probability of the recombination is proportional to both electron and hole concentrations at a given position within the active region of the semiconductor device. The steady-state concentration of the carriers during the device operation is achieved by detailed equilibrium of the electron and hole concentrations vanishing due to recombination and the electron and hole electric currents into and from the said active region.
The narrower bandgap semiconductor material usually has both conduction band and valence band within the energy range of the bandgap of the surrounding higher bandgap semiconductor material. Thus, the active region of a properly designed photon generating semiconductor device normally comprises one or several potential wells for both types of carriers. This helps maintain the carrier confinement within the said active region, increasing the photon generation efficiency of the device. However, the ability of the narrow band gap material comprising the active region to confine the carriers becomes weak with increasing carrier concentrations. This happens mainly because higher electric currents are needed to produce higher steady state carrier concentrations; these higher currents require higher electric fields in and near the active regions; carriers receive extra energy from the higher electric fields and obtain higher probability to drift into higher bandgap regions, thus leaving or passing through the active region. Typically, due to lower effective mass, the electrons gain more energy from the electric fields and are more likely to leave the active region. Due to current continuity, the number of the electrons and holes entering the active region in unit time is equal; as a result of the electrons having higher probability to escape, the symmetry of carrier concentration in the active region vanishes, and the efficiency of photon generation degrades. In addition, at high injection levels, the effect of a limited rate of radiative recombination through any centers involved in the desired radiative recombination may become relevant. This for example includes the considerations of a dipole matrix element reduced by the presence of an electric field within the quantum wells. It also may include the finite rate of excess carrier relaxation and thermalization processes required for carriers to reach the centers of desired radiative recombination.
In order to prevent the carrier escape from the active region, additional barrier regions are sometimes introduced adjacent to the said active region. Those barrier regions are usually designed to block the electron escape more effectively and, therefore, are usually positioned within the portion of the said semiconductor device having hole conductivity type. The pay-off of the barrier regions introduction is usually the degradation of the hole injection into the active region and increase in the electric potential drop across the device necessary to achieve the desired level of photon generation. In addition, as a result of the hole injection degradation, the active region becomes flooded with the electrons and, therefore, is turned into the electron (n-) conductivity type, at least for the conditions corresponding to the photon generation.
In spite of the barrier regions introduction, the carriers' leakage out of the active region still becomes severe at high carrier concentrations in the said active region. It happens mainly because the external electric potential applied to the device drops mostly across the less conductive regions of the device, which are in the case described above the barrier regions. At high enough applied electric potentials, the barriers become punched through for the electrons escape. This limits the efficiency of the photon generation by the semiconductor device at high currents and even leads to the saturation of the total number of photons that the said device is able to produce.
The present invention solves the problems of the electrons leakage from the active region of the photon generating semiconductor device and of balancing the electron and hole concentrations in the active region(s) of the said device by taking independent control of the electric potential applied between the active region of the device and the regions of the said device of different conductivity types.

Semiconductor device with efficient carrier recombination


The invention relates to compounds of formula 1, tautomers and salts thereof, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 have the meanings indicated in the specification. These compounds are receptor tyrosine kinase EphB4 inhibitors useful for the treatment of angiogenesis dependent cancers and intraocular neovascular syndromes. The invention further relates to a method termed ALTA (anchor-based library tailoring) of selecting compounds from a large compound library for screening as EphB4 inhibitors by computational procedures.

The receptor tyrosine kinase EphB4 is a highly attractive angiogenic target involved in many types of cancer (Cheng N., Brantley D. M. and Chen J., Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2002, 13:75-85). Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing vasculature, is a multi-step process involving many various factors, which stimulate endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and assembly, as well as recruitment of perivascular cells and extracellular matrix remodelling. Angiogenesis is implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of disorders, including solid tumours, intraocular neovascular syndromes such as proliferative retinopathies or age-related macular degeneration (AMD), rheumatoid arthritis, and psoriasis.
Ephrins and their receptors were first identified in studies for neuronal growth during development. Unlike other families of receptor tyrosine kinases, which bind soluble ligands, ephrin receptors interact with cell surface-bound ephrin ligands. Ephrins attach to the cell membrane either through a glycosylphosphatidyl inositol anchor (ephrin A) or a transmembrane domain (ephrin B). Ephrin receptors are likewise divided in two subclasses EphA and EphB, depending on the type of interaction with their ligands ephrin A or B. Ephrins and their receptors have been shown to play an essential role in vascular development during embryogenesis and in adult angiogenesis, as key regulators of vascular assembly, arteriovenous differentiation, and boundary formation. Both EphA and EphB receptors and their ligands are involved in vascular development. Especially, ephrin B2 is expressed in arterial endothelial cells, whereas its cognate receptor, EphB4 is expressed in venous endothelial cells. EphB4 (also named HTK) and its ligand, ephrin B2 (HTKL), play important roles in establishing and determining vascular networks. Blocking this receptor/ligand pair inhibits the end stage of tumour blood vessel formation, as well as causes direct growth inhibition of certain cancers.
EphB4 seems to be rather recalcitrant to inhibition because, despite its potential therapeutic importance, only two series of non-peptidic small molecule inhibitors have been reported in the literature up to date (Miyazaki Y. et al., Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007, 17:250-254). Examples of angiogenesis inhibitors are found in WO 2006/131003 and WO 2007/062805.
Docking is an important and successful method in computer-aided drug design. However, there is a large and increasing discrepancy between the number of small molecules available in computer-readable format (in the order of 107-108 compounds, not counting those generated by de novo design programs) and the amount of molecules that can be efficiently processed by high-throughput approaches in silico or in vitro (in the order of 105-106). Moreover, it is highly inefficient to use computational resources or robotic systems and chemical reagents for compounds that have a low chance of binding to the target protein. The essential question is how to utilize (structural) information of the target to pre-select the molecules that are most likely to show binding and inhibitory activity.
Several in silico fragment-based approaches, e.g., SEED, MCSS and FFLD, and in vitro "needle screening" procedures have been suggested in the prior art. Needle- or anchor-based in vitro screening has been applied to a wide range of enzymes including thrombin, DNA gyrase, and protein tyrosine kinases. In addition, others have tried to reduce docking computation times by selecting ligands through the application of pharmacophore constraints and were able to identify inhibitors of enzymes.


Expanded cellular structures are formed from dense nonporous cellulose paper with an air permeance of less than 30 ml/min which cellular structure is provided with a shape retention of at least 90%. The shape stability is obtained by forming the cellular structure, spraying with an aqueous liquid and heating, the amount of liquid, time and temperature of heating being selected and sufficient to provide the desired shape retention. The minimum amount of water is at least 30 weight % of dry paper more usually at least 75% with minimum heating of 1 minute at 100.degree. C.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to the manufacture of panels with regularly shaped (usually hexagonal) cells sometimes known as honeycomb panels.
2. Description of Related Art
The manufacture of honeycomb panels from sheet material can be carried out employing various sheet materials. Historically the sheet material was pre-corrugated and the corrugated sheets were adhered along the land areas. This, however, required good registration of the cells and tends now only to be used for high modulus materials such as metal sheets.
For paper or similar fibrous sheet materials a general method comprises printing or applying parallel lines known as node lines of adhesives. The printed sheet material is then cut into individual sheets which are stacked so that the node lines on adjacent sheets are displaced from each other by one half the pitch (distance between) of the lines. The resulting stack can contain several hundred to several thousand sheets depending on the size of the final honeycomb block required. Depending on the nature of the adhesive means, these adhesives are then set so as to join the sheets and the resulting block is expanded by pressure on the sides of the block at right angles to the direction of the node lines which force expansion, i.e., separation of the sheets at each cell point to create a cellular structure. The resulting block is then cut into panels by cutting at right angles to the node lines to form a core for a composite panel. Surface sheets may then be applied on one or both sides of the core across the surface of the open cells to form a composite panel.
These cores have found wide usage in many industries for such applications as packaging, furniture, display panels and in general any application for which there is a requirement for a stiff, yet lightweight element.
Originally, these cores were made from Kraft-type papers in which the paper walls of the cells were bonded together with simple adhesives with or without a subsequent coating of a polymeric resin over the entire surface of the core material.
However, paper honeycomb materials suffer from a major disadvantage in that they have low strength, particularly in compression. When resins are incorporated into such paper core materials, the effect is to improve considerably the compression strength, but the resulting core material is then very brittle and has poor resilience.
A further major disadvantage of cellulose based paper honeycombs is their poor fire resistance. Techniques for imparting fire-resistance have included impregnating a core made from relatively porous paper, e.g., Kraft paper with a water-based phenolic resin and then coating with a polymer (for example in latex form) which contains a dispersed particulate flame retardant. This is described in U.K. Patent GB-A-1 444 346. The first resin coating renders the core paper more moisture resistant but as it is Kraft paper the core is very brittle. Also the cores tend to be very heavy because formed from Kraft paper have mechanical properties. Paper has been tried which contains flame retardant but this is more difficult to print with node adhesive and is more stiffer making expansion more difficult. Japanese Patent JP 06272190, A2 940 927 (Nettetsu Mining Co.) describes a sheet of 65-80% fireproofing powder, 3477 flame-retardant resin powder and 15-25 cellulose fibers but this is essentially an inorganic sheet not a cellulosic fiber paper. In another patent (JP 08103979 A2 960 423) of the same company, a core from this sheet, formed into a honeycomb, is impregnated with fire retardants such as guanidine phosphate.
In recognition of these deficiencies, the composites industry developed honeycomb core materials based on other paper-like materials, and especially aramid paper, i.e., one made from fibers of highly aromatic polyamide resins. The best known example is Nomex.RTM. poly (m-phenylene isophthalamide) (product of DuPont). These aramid papers comprise one or more fibers, e.g., Nomex.RTM. or Kevlar.RTM. in the form of fibers and so-called fibrids which are formed into an impenetrable sheet. The development of such cores meant that honeycomb structures could now be used in more demanding applications such as flooring for aircraft and ships, components for skis and snowboards and other applications where a light, stiff, high toughness structural material is required. However, aramid papers are much higher in cost than paper, and in many applications this cost prohibits the use of aramid cores.
Additional factors are the weight and poor properties of the conventional papers (Kraft papers) employed. It would be desirable to improve the weight (density) of the core and the strength of the cellular structure.
In the manufacture of an aramid paper honeycomb, the stack or block of sheets after placing in a heated press and curing the node line adhesive is removed from the press and expanded to form hexagonal cells. A block of aramid paper prior to expansion can be sprayed with water to facilitate expansion but this cannot be applied to cellulose papers, such as Kraft paper, as wet paper cannot be expanded as it collapses. The expanded block of aramid paper is set in this shape by heating in the expanded state to a temperature exceeding the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the aramid resin and then cooling. It is not possible to "heat set" cellulose-based papers in this way because cellulose degrades thermally at temperatures well below its Tg. However, it would still be desirable to be able to set the shape of a paper honeycomb, because otherwise once expanded the honeycomb will collapse. Also, it is desirable to be able to remove expanded paper honeycomb from its expansion frame prior to resin coating. Although possible, it is generally not advantageous to resin coat the expanded honeycomb while it is attached to the expansion frame. This is because of the problem of removing cured resin from the frame after the curing process has been carried out.
Heat-setting on the expansion frame has been affected with Kraft paper. This may be possible because of the inherent moisture content of Kraft paper. In many cases, however, there is no necessity to stabilize the Kraft paper core as it is continuously expanded and fed into its intended final position.

Method of making honeycomb panel structures


The invention concerns a device for continuously monitoring the level of at least one gaseous constituent in a mixture of gases. The drawbacks of the known devices are complexity, high power consumption, large size, and, due to their high mass, non-uniform distribution of temperature, entailing imprecise measurement, and inertia, especially at the commencement of operation. These drawbacks are eliminated with a base in the form of a water with at least two electrodes in the form of separated thin coatings and with a temperature sensor separated from the electrodes on one side and with a heater in the form of an electric-resistance heating coating on the other side.

A device of this type is known (German OS 3 610 363). These known devices have on the whole proven practical.
They do have the drawback, however, of complexity. When the devices are manufactured in the form of probes, they must be gas tight and subjected subsequent to manufacture to a gas-tightness testing, increasing the prime cost of the probe. The probe cylinder must also accommodate a separate heater, which makes it larger and deteriorating the transfer of heat between the heater and the cylinder, entailing such additional drawbacks as high energy consumption and a non-uniform distribution of temperatures. Such a device occupies considerable space. Furthermore, the large masses take time to heat up, and the device cannot be operated until at least 60 seconds after it has been turned on. Again, relatively a lot of power is consumed in heating through the operation. Another essential drawback to the known system aside from its inertia is its only moderate precision, which results from the temperature sensitivity of the signals deriving from the sensor. Finally, a reference-gas mixture in the form of air must be supplied to the known device, meaning not only that the housing must be more complicated but that it cannot be installed anywhere desired.
Compensating for the temperature dependence of the known devices by incorporating a temperature sensor and computerized controls has already been conceived of. Such a device, however, is not yet known.

Device for monitoring the concentration of gaseous constituents in mixtures of gases

Forschung fur Automobil- und Umelttechnik


A method for planarizing a polycrystalline silicon layer deposited on a trench, which is formed on a semiconductor substrate, comprises the following steps. First, a polycrystalline silicon layer with an enough thickness is deposited on the surface of the semiconductor substrate to overfill the trench. At least one dimple is undesirably developed on the polycrystalline silicon layer during the polycrystalline silicon deposition. Then, an oxide layer with an enough thickness is formed on the polycrystalline silicon layer to overfill the at least one dimple. Next, the polycrystalline silicon layer is partially oxidized so as to transform the upper portion thereof into a polysilicon oxide layer. As a result of a non-uniform distribution of the oxidization rate, the bottom surface of the polysilicon oxide layer, i.e. the interface between the polysilicon oxide layer and the non-oxidized portion of the polycrystalline silicon layer, is substantially planar. Finally, the oxide layer and the polysilicon oxide layer are both removed so as to expose the substantially planar polycrystalline silicon layer.

In advanced semiconductor integrated circuits (ICs), a trench structure formed in a semiconductor substrate is widely used to achieve various objects. For example, the trench structure is used to form a deep trench capacitor whose capacitance increases with the increase of the longitudinal surface area of a dielectric so as to enlarge the integration of semiconductor ICs. Moreover, the trench structure is used to form a trench isolation for isolating semiconductor devices in semiconductor ICs so as to improve problems of conventional LOCOS process such as the formation of so-called bird's beaks which occupy a larger amount of the surface area of the substrate, the occurrence of a less planar surface, and so on. In addition, the trench structure is also used to form a double diffused MOS transistor (DMOS), wherein a MOS transistor is formed within a trench, for applying to high power ICs.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a conventional trench structure. In FIG. 1, a trench 2 is formed on a semiconductor substrate 1 through the conventional photolithography and etching processes (not shown). Then, a polycrystalline silicon layer 3 is deposited on the surface of the semiconductor substrate 1 through the low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) method so as to substantially fill the trench 2. However, when the trench 2 is filled with the polycrystalline silicon layer 3, in fact, at least one dimple 10 always occurs on the polycrystalline silicon layer 3 above the trench 2. As a result, the polycrystalline silicon layer 3 deposited on the trench 2 which is formed on the semiconductor substrate 1 has a non-planar surface.
During the sequential manufacturing steps of semiconductor ICs, the above-mentioned dimple phenomenon will cause several disadvantages such as the following:
(1) deterioration in step coverage of layers deposited on the polycrystalline silicon layer 3 such that it is difficult to perform the subsequent manufacturing steps of exposure and alignment, and the residue held in the dimple 10 after the subsequent etching process causes a problem of leakage or shortage so as to reduce the yield of the products; PA1 (2) difficult removing of particles held in the dimple 10 resulting in the defect which reduces the yield and the reliability of the products; and PA1 (3) easy holding of an unnecessary material such as the etching solvent, the cleaning solution, etc., which causes the reduction of the reliability of the products due to the dimple 10.

Method for planarizing a polycrystalline silicon layer deposited on a trench


A novel microprocessor architecture can be easily interfaced with various peripheral devices. The microprocessor is generally made up of a CPU core, a RAM, a ROM and an input/output option. The RAM adjoins one edge of the CPU core and the ROM adjoins the opposite edge of the CPU core. The input/output (I/O) option adjoins a third edge of the CPU core and the parallel edges of the RAM and ROM. The input/output option is adapted to allow interfacing with various peripheral devices. The CPU core comprises CPU and segments commonly used to form a complete microprocessor. Such common segments may include a RAM address register facilitating access to the CPU by the peripheral devices.

The present invention relates generally to a novel microprocessor architecture. More specifically, the invention relates to a microprocessor architecture which can be easily accessed by an optional or a peripheral device. Still more specifically, the invention relates to a microprocessor architecture which makes application of single-chip microprocessors to domestic electrical appliances easier.
Known microprocessors generally comprise a central processing unit (CPU), a random-access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an input/output (I/0) unit, an interrupt control register, a timer and so forth. In the case of a single-chip microprocessor, the aforementioned segments are all mounted on a single substrate, such as a silicon chip. Such microprocessors also are frequently available with one or more different peripheral input/output units in order to form a complete microprocessor.
In the prior art, the microprocessor architecture is not designed to accept various peripheral input/output units. This makes it difficult to interface with different kinds of peripheral input/output units. Specifically, in order to make the chip compatible with a different set of peripheral devices, significant changes in microprocessor architecture are required since a change in the peripheral devices requires changes in the instruction set, the instruction decoder, and the arrangement of the RAM and the ROM to suit the new peripheral devices. Such changes require significant design work and take a long time. This results in rather high chip development costs.

Microprocessor with option area adjacent CPU core facilitating interfacing with peripheral devices


The present disclosure provides compositions and methods that inhibit the activity of microRNAs, for example miR-22.

MicroRNAs (miRNA or miR) are nucleic acid molecules that regulate the expression of target genes. MiRNAs are typically short (typically 18-24 nucleotides) and act as repressors of target mRNAs by promoting their degradation, when their sequences are perfectly complementary, and/or by inhibiting translation, when their sequences contain mismatches. Functional analyses of miRNAs have revealed that these small non-coding RNAs contribute to different physiological and metabolic processes, including regulating genes associated with various diseases or disorders.
As such, there is a need for compositions and method that regulate miRs.


The thermal stability of synthetic lubricants composed of alpha-olefin oligomers is improved by reaction with an olefin such as decene or the lower molecular weight, non-lubricant range olefins produced in the course of the oligomerization of 1-alkenes. The alkylation of the lube range oligomer is carried out using acidic alkylation catalyst such as solid, open-pore catalyst, e.g., fluorided alumina.. The improved lubricant compositions of the present invention comprise a high viscosity index liquid lubricant oligomer composition containing C.sub.30 -C.sub.1300 hydrocarbons with at least one higher alkyl branch per oligomer molecule, said alkyl branch containing between 12 and 40 carbon atoms. In a preferred embodiment the novel alkylated lubricant composition has a methyl to methylene branch ratio of less than 0.19 and pour point below -15.degree. C.

Efforts to improve upon the performance of natural mineral oil based lubricants by the synthesis of oligomeric hydrocarbon fluids have been the subject of important research and development in the petroleum industry for at least fifty years and have led to the relatively recent market introduction of a number of superior polyalpha-olefin synthetic lubricants, primarily based on the oligomerization of alpha-olefins or 1-alkenes. In terms of lubricant property improvement, the thrust of the industrial research effort on synthetic lubricants has been toward fluids exhibiting useful viscosities over a wide range of temperature, i.e., improved viscosity index, while also showing lubricity, thermal and oxidative stability and pour point equal to or better than mineral oil. These new synthetic lubricants lower friction and hence increase mechanical efficiency across the full spectrum of mechanical loads from worm gears to traction drives and do so over a wider range of operating conditions than mineral oil lubricants.
One characteristic of the molecular structure of 1-alkene oligomers that has been found to correlate very well with improved lubricant properties in commercial synthetic lubricants is the ratio of methyl to methylene groups in the oligomer. The ratio is called the branch ratio and is calculated from infra red data as discussed in "Standard Hydrocarbons of High Molecular Weight", Analytical Chemistry, Vol.25, no.10, p.1466 (1953). Viscosity index has been found to increase with lower branch ratio. Until recently, as cited herein, oligomeric liquid lubricants exhibiting very low branch ratios have not been synthesized from 1-alkenes. For instance, oligomers prepared from 1-decene by either cationic polymerization or Ziegler catalyst polymerization have branch ratios of greater than 0.20. Shubkin, Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1980, 19, 15-19, provides an explanation for the apparently limiting value for branch ratio based on a cationic polymerization reaction mechanism involving rearrangement to produce branching. Other explanations suggest isomerization of the olefinic group in the one position to produce an internal olefin as the cause for branching. Whether by rearrangement, isomerization or a yet to be elucidated mechanism it is clear that in the art of 1-alkene oligomerization to produce synthetic lubricants as commercially practiced excessive branching occurs and constrains the limits of achievable lubricant properties, particularly with respect to viscosity index. Obviously, increased branching increases the number of isomers in the oligomer mixture, orienting the composition away from the structure which would be preferred from a consideration of the theoretical concepts discussed above.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,282,392 to Cupples et al. discloses an alpha-olefin oligomer synthetic lubricant having an improved viscosity-volatility relationship and containing a high proportion of tetramer and pentamer via a hydrogenation process that effects skeletal rearrangement and isomeric composition. The composition claimed is a trimer to tetramer ratio no higher than one to one. The branch ratio is not disclosed.
A process using coordination catalysts to prepare high polymers from 1-alkenes, especially chromium catalyst on a silica support, is described by Weiss et al. in Jour. Catalysis 88, 424-430 (1984) and in Offen. DE 3,427,319. The process uses low temperatures to produce high polymer and does not disclose lubricants having unique structure.
Recently, novel lubricant compositions (referred to herein as HVI-PAO) comprising polyalpha-olefins and methods for their preparation employing as catalyst reduced chromium on a silica support have been disclosed in U.S. patent applications Ser. No. 210,434 and 210,435 filed June 23, 1988, incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. The HVI-PAO lubricants are made by a process which comprises contacting C.sub.6 -C.sub.20 1-alkene feedstock with reduced valence state chromium oxide catalyst on porous silica support under oligomerizing conditions in an oligomerization zone whereby high viscosity, high VI liquid hydrocarbon lubricant is produced having branch ratios less than 0.19 and pour point below -15.degree. C. The process is distinctive in that little isomerization of the olefinic bond occurs compared to known oligomerization methods to produce polyalpha-olefins using Lewis acid catalyst. Lubricants produced by the process cover the full range of lubricant viscosities and exhibit a remarkably high viscosity index (VI) and low pour point even at high viscosity. The as-synthesized HVI-PAO oligomer has a preponderance of terminal olefinic unsaturation. Typically, the HVI-PAO oligomer is hydrogenated to improve stability for lubricant applications. Those modifications to HVI-PAO oligomers that result in improved thermal stability are particularly preferred.
In the preparation of the novel HVI-PAO lubricant, alpha-olefin dimer containing olefinic unsaturation can be separated from the oligomerization reaction. The composition of the dimer mixture conforms to the unique specificity of the oligomerization reaction in that little double bond isomerization is found and shows a low branch ratio. Separation of the dimer, representing non-lube range molecular weight material, is necessitated to control product volatility and viscosity. However, as oligomerization conditions are changed to produce the lower viscosity products of lower average molecular weight important to the marketplace, the non-lube range dimer fraction by-product yield increases in proportion to that lowering in average molecular weight of the oligomerization product. The increase in dimer by-product yield represents a substantial economic burden on the overall process to produce useful lower viscosity lubricant.
It would therefore be desirable to incorporate the non-lube range fractions into the product in order to avoid the economic penalty associated with the production of the lower viscosity lubricants.

Novel synthetic lube composition and process


An ultrasonic diagnosis apparatus comprises a probe for transmitting an ultrasonic beam onto a target body and receiving an ultrasonic echo from the target body and a diagnosis device for supplying a transmission pulse to the probe and processing an electrical signal from the probe to prepare tomographic image information. The probe includes a transmitter, which transmits an ultrasonic beam on each line of a slice of the target body from an oblique direction so as to sequentially irradiate the ultrasonic beam on the individual pixels of the slice, an ultrasonic image pick-up element, which has electric/acoustic transducer elements provided in parallel to the slice and arranged two-dimensionally with respect to each pixel of the slice and converts an ultrasonic echo into an electrical signal in accordance with sound pressure, an ultrasonic lens provided in parallel to the slice to converge the ultrasonic echo from each pixel of the slice on an associated electric/acoustic transducer element of the ultrasonic image pick-up element, a transmission multiplexer for sequentially scanning a line on which the ultrasonic beam from the transmitter is to be irradiated, and a reception multiplexer, coupled to the individual electric/acoustic transducer elements of the ultrasonic image pick-up element so as to two-dimensionally scan these converting elements.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an ultrasonic diagnosis apparatus which irradiates an ultrasonic pulse onto a target body under examination, receives an echo pulse from the target body and displays a tomographic image of the body, and in particular, to an improvement of an ultrasonic pulse transmission/ reception system.
2. Description of related art
Conventional major apparatuses for displaying a tomographic image of a target body using ultrasonic pulses are B-mode ultrasonic diagnosis apparatuses as disclosed in "Ultrasonic Pulse Technical Handbook," p 810-813, from Nikkan Kogyo or "Ultrasonic Diagnosis," p 81-84, from Igaku Shoin.
B-mode ultrasonic diagnosis apparatuses are capable of displaying a tomographic image of a sliced section of a target body along the advancing direction of an ultrasonic beam. More specifically, these apparatuses perform a single irradiation of an ultrasonic beam so as to acquire an image for a single scanning line along the advancing direction of the ultrasonic wave, and then perform linear scanning in or sector scanning the irradiating direction of the ultrasonic beam, thereby providing a tomographic image for one screen.
Since ultrasonic pulses generally have a property of gradual diversion with their propagation, the cross-section of each ultrasonic pulse does not become smaller than the size of a probe. For this property, therefore, the B-mode apparatuses have a low azimuth resolution (the resolution in the direction perpendicular to the advancing direction of an ultrasonic beam).
If the tip of the probe is designed to have a recessed surface, the ultrasonic beam would once converge at or near its focal point before it diverges. This ensures that a beam attained is narrower at the proximity of the focal point than the aperture of a transducer, thus improving the azimuth resolution at that region. This method, however, narrows the focusing range (the range within which the diameter of the ultrasonic beam is smaller than a predetermined value) in the depth direction (the advancing direction of the ultrasonic beam), and hence is not practical.
To cope with this problem, therefore, there has been a system in actual use, which uses a transducer with a small aperture for transmission/reception of an ultrasonic wave in such a way as to provide a nearly constant convergence (azimuth resolution) with respect to a certain depth from the skin of the target body and a relatively larger focusing range.
Although the transducer with a small aperture has an advantage of reducing the beam convergence so as to increase the focusing range, it certainly has a disadvantage that the azimuth resolution is deteriorated.
As an alternative, C-mode apparatuses have been proposed, which acquire a number of B-mode tomographic images at given intervals to construct a three-dimensional image, and extracts, from the acquired image, only those pieces of image information which are for the same depth of the target body (preferably, near the focal point) to reconstruct a tomographic image of the target slice along the direction perpendicular to the advancing direction of the ultrasonic beam. This, however, requires a number of B-mode images to acquire a single C-mode image, which is time-consuming and is not practical in actual use in the case where a target slice is in motion.


A gaming machine in which the form of pay out is selectable by the operator and/or user to provide a pay out with coins or by way of a ticket. The gaming machine incorporates both a hopper for coin operated play as well as a printer for cashless play. In accordance with one aspect of the machine, the system can automatically detect when one of the pay out systems is disabled or otherwise unavailable and automatically continue operation with the other pay out method to allow the machine to function in a limited state. The system thus helps the transition for players from coin operated machines to cashless gaming machines, and accommodates users with different cash out preferences. The gaming machine also accepts tickets, allowing users to easily move their credits from one gaming machine to another.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a gaming machine and more particularly to a gaming machine which enables the operator and/or player to select the form of pay out from the machine before cash out; either by coin or ticket, and allows a ticket to be accepted for wagers.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Various gaming machines are known in which pay outs are made either in coin or by way of a ticket. Examples of gaming machines with coin pay outs are disclosed in commonly owned U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,475,564; 4,518,001; 4,574,824; 4,978,322; and 6,003,651. Such coin operated machines normally include a coin hopper in which coins are collected and transferred to a transport system. Transport systems are known which include a rotating pinwheel for segregating individual coins and transporting the coins to a coin dispenser for pay out. Coin dispensing is under the control of a microprocessor. When a payout is indicated, a counter is used for counting the coins to be dispensed.
There are several problems with such coin operated machines. For example, various mechanical problems are known with such machines. One of these problems relates to coins jamming in the machine. In order to resolve this problem, various mechanical solutions have been developed, for example, as disclosed in commonly owned U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,518,001 and 4,574,824. Another known problem with such coin operated gaming machines is the ability to accurately detect the correct number of coins dispensed for a pay out. Various mechanical and electronic systems have been developed for resolving this problem. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,475,564 relates to an improved mechanical design which improves the accuracy of the coin pay outs. In addition, commonly owned U.S. Pat. No. 6,003,651 relates to an electronic sensing system for sensing when the correct number of coins have been paid out.
In addition to those problems, coin operated machines require significant amount of maintenance due to the relatively complicated mechanical mechanism used to accept and pay out coins. As such, there is a trend toward cashless gaming machines, for example, as disclosed in commonly owned U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,265,874 and 5,326,104. In such cashless gaming machines, tickets rather than coins may be used for both playing the game as well as pay outs. Unfortunately, the transition from coin operated machines to cashless gaming machines is difficult for many players used to the older coin operated machines. Thus, there is a need for a gaming machine which helps players transition from the older coin operated machines to the newer cashless gaming machines.
In one aspect, the invention is directed to a gaming apparatus, comprising: a video display that is capable of generating video images; a value input device; a hopper; and a cashless payout apparatus. The gaming apparatus is programmed to determine a player cash out amount and to determine if the cashless payout apparatus is available for the player cash out amount. The gaming apparatus is also programmed to compare the player cash out amount to a coin pay limit and to determine if a split pay option is available if the player cash out amount is greater than the coin pay limit. Additionally, the gaming apparatus is programmed to pay to a player a first amount equal to the coin pay limit from the hopper and to pay to the player d second amount equal to the player cash out amount minus the coin pay limit utilizing the cashless payout apparatus, if the split pay option is available.
In another aspect, the invention is directed to a gaming apparatus, comprising: a video display that is capable of generating video images; a value input device; a hopper; and a cashless payout apparatus. The gaming apparatus is programmed to determine a player cash out amount and to determine if a split pay option is available. The gaming apparatus is also programmed to receive a distribution input from a player corresponding to the player cash out amount if the split pay option is available, wherein the distribution input is a portion of the player cash out amount that the player wants to receive from the hopper. Additionally, the gaming apparatus is programmed to pay to the player a first amount equal to the distribution amount from the hopper and to pay to the player a second amount equal to the player cash out amount minus the distribution amount utilizing the cashless payout apparatus, if the split pay option is available.


A technique for overcoming male impotence when this condition is due to a loss of plasticity in the tissues of the male organ, making it incapable of achieving and maintaining an erectile state. To practice this technique, the male organ to be treated is engaged by an erectile enhancement device which in the course of each operating cycle compels the organ to change from a flaccid to an erectile state and then revert to the flaccid state. The device is programmed to repeat this operating cycle a predetermined number of times during an exercise session that subjects the male organ to a workout that enhances the plasticity of the tissues. Impotence is overcome when the individual completes a series of such exercise sessions.

1. Field of Invention
This invention relates generally to the treatment of male impotence, and more particularly, to a technique for this purpose which is applied to a male organ whose tissues lack sufficient plasticity to achieve and maintain an erection, the technique acting to restore the plasticity of these tissues and thereby overcome impotence.
2. Status of Prior Art
Male impotence is an abnormal condition in which an individual is unable to achieve and maintain an adequate penile erection for coitus. Because male impotence is now widespread, it has attracted considerable medical and scientific interest directed toward finding an effective treatment therefor.
While male impotence is usually imputed to the aging process, it is by no means a condition confined to older men. Thus it is not unusual to find an individual of no more than 20 years of age exhibiting the early symptoms of male impotence.
Male impotence has often been attributed to psychological factors, such as stress, depression, financial worries and a failing marriage. But in our clinical experience with patients who suffer from male impotence, psychological factors account for only a small percentage of male impotence cases.
Various diseases, such as diabetes and multiple sclerosis may give rise to male impotence, and male impotence can also be an adverse side effect of some prescription drugs or result from substance abuse. However, in our clinical studies, these do not account for a high percentage of male impotence cases.
In these studies we have found that the most significant factor accounting for male impotence is the impaired physical fitness of the male organ, per se, separate and apart from all other considerations. Thus a subject who is free of disease and of psychological disorders, and who seemingly is in superb physical condition, may nevertheless be unable to perform sexually.
We have found that the physical fitness of a male organ depends on the plasticity of its tissues. Our studies show that the central core lesion in male impotence is a loss of plasticity so that the tissues of the organ are unable to stretch and expand to permit the organ to change from an initially flaccid state to an erectile state. It is only when the tissues of the male organ possess a normal degree of plasticity that the organ is then capable of achieving and maintaining the erectile state necessary for coitus and ejaculation. A loss of plasticity of the penile tissues of the corpus cavernosum renders the male organ incapable of expanding and contracting.
The loss of plasticity is not an overnight phenomenon, but is a gradual process which is insidious. As an individual experiences a gradual loss of plasticity, he then tend to reduce his sexual activity, for he finds it increasingly difficult to attain an erection. The resultant inactivity of the male organ gives rise to a further loss of plasticity until a point is reached where the individual becomes effectively impotent and is unable to function sexually despite the fact that he is otherwise healthy and in good physical condition.
The degree to which the tissues of a male organ possess or lack plasticity is easily determined. With normal plasticity, the organ feels rubbery and elastic, whereas when the organ loses plasticity, it becomes softer and mushy, sponge-like or flabby.
The male organ is composed of three columns of erectile tissue, two dorsolateral (corpa cavernosa) and one medial (corpus spongiosum) which contain the urethra and expands at the end to form the glans penis. The tissues support blood vessels that perform complex hemodynamic processes. For an erection to occur and be maintained, the arterioles, the veins as well as valves in the veins, must work in conjunction with changes taking place in the penile tissues. A loss of plasticity adversely affects the dynamics of flow in the arterioles and veins and impairs the ability of the valves in the venous system to operate properly.
During erection, the caverns of the corpus cavernosum fill with blood and dilate. This action stretches the smooth muscles lining the walls of these caverns and the connective tissue disposed therebetween. The two erectile cylinders then increase dramatically in size. When the erection thereafter subsides, the elastic recoil of the walls return the caverns to their normal size.
The ability of a male organ to achieve and maintain an erectile state therefore depends on the plasticity of its tissues, this plasticity determining the fitness of the sexual organ for its intended purpose.
As the ability to maintain an erection diminishes, there is a corresponding decline in the plasticity of the tissues. Both processes feed on each other in a spiraling descent leading to a condition of total impotence.
When male impotence is due to the loss of plasticity of the tissues of the penis, this condition cannot be overcome by the use of vasodilators, such as prostaglandins (Alprostadil). These drugs act to dilate the cavernosal arteries, resulting in an increased arterial inflow velocity. But should the tissues of the penis lack plasticity, the penis may not achieve and maintain an erectile state.
Heretofore, the treatment of male impotence was not calculated to overcome impotence, but to simulate potency by artificial means causing an impotent male organ to assume an erectile state.
To this end, the Lederer U.S. Pat. No. 1,225,341 places an impotent male organ in a vacuum chamber which acts to draw blood into the penis to induce vacuum engorgement. When the penis is in an engorged state it is then erect, this erection being secured by means of an elastic cincture band which acts as a tourniquet to prevent the blood from leaving the penis.
The Osborne U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,378,008, 5,083,556 and 4,856,498 disclose various types of vacuum enhancement devices in which a vacuum chamber is provided with a port into which a flaccid penis is inserted, the vacuum chamber being coupled to a manual pump.
Of greater prior art interest is the Osborne et al. U.S. Pat. No. 5,421,808. This patent discloses a self-contained battery-operated external vacuum device that includes an electric motor coupled to a reciprocating diaphragm pump. Because this vacuum device is electrically-powered, it is more easily regulated and controlled.
A vacuum erection device (VED), whether manually or electrically operated, does not cure impotence, but simply acts to simulate potency. Thus when this device by means of a negative pressure draws blood into the penis so that it is engorged, this imitates a normal erection. However to maintain this synthetic erection, the penis must be girded to prevent the blood from escaping.
While an individual who simulates an erection by means of a vacuum erection device can perform coitus, the engorged penis is effectively a dildo which is a poor substitute for a normally erect penis capable of ejaculating. Hence sexual activity made possible by a vacuum erection device in many respects falls short of natural coitus.

Technique for restoring plasticity to tissues of a male or female organ


A pillar or board is formed of a casing, filling materials, and at least one plug. The casing is made of the discarded recyclable paper and is provided with at least one opening. The filling materials are sawdust and the discarded wood blocks, which are encased by the casing. The plug is made of the discarded recyclable paper and is used to stop up the opening of the casing.

Not applicable.
Not applicable.
Not applicable.
The present invention relates generally to a synthetic pillar or board, and more particularly to a synthetic pillar or board made of recyclable materials.
For the sake of conservation of natural resources, people are more inclined to make use of a product which is made of recyclable materials. In addition, such a synthetic product is generally cheaper than a comparable product which is made of a material of natural origin. For example, a wooden desk is generally more expensive than a comparable desk of synthetic materials. The conservation of timber is currently a global issue, not a regional issue. The present invention is therefore intended to address the issue.
The primary objective of the present invention is to provide a synthetic pillar or board, which is made by putting together various recyclable elements.
The pillar or board of the present invention is formed of a casing and a plurality of filling materials. The casing is made of the discarded recyclable paper and is used to encase the filling materials, such as discarded wood pieces and sawdust. The casing has a cross section of circular, rectangular, or other geometric form. The casing further has at least one open end, which is provided with a plug made of the discarded recyclable paper.
Preferably, the casing is provided with a protective cover which is made of a reinforced paper with grainy texture, or iron sheet.
The pillar and the board of the present invention are used in making a variety of household products, such as table, rack, cabinet, etc.

Synthetic pillar and board made recyclable materials

No.18, Pu Chiao Lane, Pu Lun Li Lu Kang Township


Embodiments of the present invention provide a processing method for data transmission, an apparatus and a system. The method includes: receiving scheduling signaling sent by a base station, where the scheduling signaling includes a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) process ID; and transmitting, within a same transmission time interval TTI, on a process that corresponds to the HARQ process identifier, data on a first logical channel element and data on a second logical channel element. According to the processing method for data transmission, the apparatus, and the system provided in the embodiments of the present invention, utilization of bandwidth resources for data transmission is improved. Therefore, data throughput of UE can be also effectively ensured.

In Long Term Evolution (LTE for short below) and LTE-Advanced (LTE-A for short below) systems, a base station schedules uplink/downlink data by using scheduling signaling transmitted on a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH for short), where the scheduling signaling includes a physical resource used by user equipment (UE for short below) to receive downlink data on a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH for short below) or to send uplink data on a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH for short below), that is, a time-frequency resource, a modulation and coding scheme and a redundancy version that are used for data transmission, and other information. In addition, data is transmitted and retransmitted in a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ for short below) manner in the LTE and LTE-A systems. During uplink transmission or downlink transmission, generally, only one HARQ process processes data within one transmission time interval (TTI for short below), and a same HARQ process is used for transmission and retransmission of same data, so as to obtain combined decoding gains. For downlink HARQ transmission, if scheduling signaling instructs UE to receive downlink data, the scheduling signaling also needs to include information such as an identifier of an HARQ process used by the UE to receive the data. After receiving the scheduling signaling, the UE decodes, on a notified physical resource by using the HARQ process, the downlink data according to the scheduling signaling, and feeds back a downlink data receiving status to a base station, so that the base station determines, according to the feedback, whether to perform retransmission. For uplink HARQ transmission, if scheduling signaling instructs UE to send uplink data, after receiving the scheduling signaling, the UE sends, on a notified physical resource by using an HARQ process, the uplink data according to the scheduling signaling, and receives an uplink data receiving status fed back by a base station and determines whether to perform retransmission, or receives uplink retransmission scheduling signaling sent by a base station and performs uplink retransmission.
In the LTE and LTE-A systems, one UE may simultaneously run multiple services with different quality of service (QoS) requirements, where different services correspond to different radio bearers (RB for short below), and each RB corresponds to one logical channel (LCH for short below). To improve resource utilization, before transmission of data on different RBs, multiplexing processing may be performed on the data on different RBs according to some multiplexing criteria (such as RB priority information, and a rate requirement that corresponds to the RB), that is, data on multiple different RBs that is to be transmitted is encapsulated into one media access control protocol data unit (MAC PDU for short below). During multiplexing, whether different RBs can be multiplexed needs to be further considered based on some parameters, for example, a maximum quantity of times of HARQ transmission or retransmission at a MAC layer (including a total quantity of times of transmission and retransmission). Considering that different services have different requirements on delay and reliability, different maximum quantities of times of HARQ transmission or retransmission may be used during transmission of data on different RBs, and data on RBs that has different quantities of times of HARQ transmission cannot be multiplexed in a same MAC PDU.
It can be seen that, the use of RB multiplexing to improve resource utilization in the prior art is limited by some parameters and multiplexing criteria, which causes that bandwidth resources cannot be fully used during transmission, and therefore data throughput of UE cannot be effectively ensured.

Processing method for data transmission, apparatus, and system


A film is drawn out from a film roll and continuously transferred, and margins of the film are overlapped and is sealed to produce a vertical seal by paired vertical seal rollers to shape the film into a tubular form. A product content is filled into a tube-shaped portion of the film, and the tube-shaped portion of the film is sealed to produce a lateral seal by paired lateral seal rollers and to thereby form a bag. At least one lateral seal roller of the lateral seal rollers is movably provided and there are provided a pusher device for pushing at least one seal roller against the other seal roller, a joint detector provided upstream in a film transfer direction of the paired lateral seal rollers for detecting a joint in the film, and a controller which reduces or eliminates a pushing force exerted by the pusher device when a specified time period has elapsed after detection of the joint in the film by the joint detector.

The present invention relates to a packaging apparatus in which a continuously transferred film is gripped and heat-sealed by a pair of seal rollers.
Known examples of conventional filling/packaging machines for automatically filling and packaging such products as liquids, powders or viscous substances are described in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication Nos. 2-46265 and 2-32929 published by the Japanese Patent Office. In such a apparatus, a portion of a film which is drawn out of a film web roll and continuously transferred is folded, both margins of the folded portion of the film are overlapped and vertically sealed by a pair of vertical seal rollers, a product is filled into the vertically sealed tube-shaped portion of the film, and the film is laterally sealed by a pair of lateral seal rollers, whereby bags containing the product are successively formed.
A film of a large length is generally used as a film web, which is a roll of the film used for packaging, to save the labor required for replacing the film and thereby allow for a high packaging work efficiency. For reasons related to the manufacture of such elongate film webs, a plurality of film strips of a specific length are joined together with tape, for example, to obtain a single film web.
As a consequence, film joints where the above-mentioned film strips are joined together occur in the film web during packaging operation. These joints are places where the film is interrupted and patches of the tape or other splicing parts are attached. Thus, when the packaging apparatus vertically seals the film by using the vertical seal rollers or laterally seals the film by using the lateral seal rollers, the tape or the like could become entangled between the seal rollers and, in certain cases, the tape or the like at the joints could melt and adhere to the seal rollers. Should this situation occur, it is likely to adversely affect subsequent sealing conditions.
A bag blank including such a film joint not only produces an awkward appearance but gives rise to a possibility that the filled product leaks from the bag blank. The bag blank of this kind should therefore be handled as a defective one, and there has been a demand to prevent leakage of product contents and a consequent damage to the apparatus.
In the light of the foregoing, it is an object of the present invention to provide a packaging apparatus which makes it possible to maintain good sealing performance by keeping joints of a film from being entangled to rule out the possibility of adhesion of a molten material to seal rollers, easily remove portions of the film including the joints as defective parts, and prevent leakage of product contents through the joints to keep thereby the packaging apparatus clean.
A film is drawn out from a film roll and continuously transferred, and margins of the film are overlapped and vertically sealed by paired vertical seal rollers to shape the film into a tubular form. A product content is filled into a tube-shaped portion of the film, and the tube-shaped portion of the film is laterally sealed by paired lateral seal rollers to thereby form a bag. A packaging apparatus is constructed such that at least one of the lateral seal rollers is movably provided and the packaging apparatus comprises a pusher for at least one seal roller against the other seal roller, a joint detector provided upstream in a film transfer direction of the paired lateral seal rollers for detecting a joint in the film, and a controller which reduces or eliminates a pushing force exerted by the pusher when a specified time period has elapsed after detection of the joint in the film by the joint detector. In this construction, the pushing force exerted by the pusher for the lateral seal rollers is eliminated when the specified time period has elapsed by the aforementioned joint detector.
As a result, sealing blades of the seal rollers are separated from each other and, thus, the joint is allowed to pass through without being laterally sealed, so that it is possible to prevent a molten material of the joint from adhering to the sealing blades of the seal rollers causing a subsequent deterioration in sealing performance.
The aforementioned controller reduces or eliminates the pushing force of the paired seal rollers for a specified time period after the joint detector has detected the joint in the film, and returns the paired seal rollers to their pushing condition so that they can grip and heat-seal the film after allowing the joint to pass through by advancing the film. For the controller of the packaging apparatus in this way, only a portion of the film including the joint is allowed to pass and heat seal operation is resumed subsequently, it is possible to carry out continuous packaging operation without stopping the feeding of the film.
Furthermore, the aforementioned controller calculates arrival time required by the joint to arrive at the seal rollers after the joint detector has detected the joint in the film, and reduces or eliminates the pushing force exerted by the pusher before the arrival time elapses. Since the packaging apparatus can be constructed so as to set timing at which the pushing force of the pusher for pushing the seal rollers is reduced or eliminated or timing at which the pushing force is recovered based on the calculated arrival time, the seal rollers can be separated from each other in such a way that they do not heat-seal only the portion of the film including the joint.
A packaging apparatus in which a film is drawn out from a film roll and continuously transferred, and while the film is gripped and heat-sealed by paired seal rollers to form a bag, a product content is filled into the bag by a product feeder comprises a joint detector provided upstream in a film transfer direction of the product feeder for detecting a joint in the film, and a controller which interrupts feeding of the product content by the product feeder when a specified time period has elapsed after detection of the joint in the film by the joint detector. Since the feeding of the product content is interrupted when the specified time period has elapsed detection of the joint in the film by the joint detector so that the product content is not fed into a portion of the film including the joint, it is possible to prevent leakage of the product content.
A packaging apparatus in which a film is drawn out from a film roll, margins of the film which is continuously transferred are overlapped and vertically sealed by paired vertical seal rollers to shape the film into a tubular form, a product content is filled into a tube-shaped portion of the film, the tube-shaped portion of the film is laterally sealed by paired lateral seal rollers, and a laterally sealed portion is cut by a cutter to thereby form a bag comprises a joint detector provided upstream in a film transfer direction of the cutter for detecting a joint in the film, and a controller which disables the cutter from performing its cutting operation when a specified time period has elapsed after detection of the joint in the film by the joint detector. Since a bag including a joint is not cut but allowed to proceed continuously, such a bag can be rejected as a bag having a fault from ordinary bags.


A container is suspended from four hoist ropes. One end of each rope is wound on a drum to be driven in either direction to hoist or lower the container. The second end of each rope is connected to a double acting hydraulic cylinder. The cylinders are controlled by a valve system to dampen swaying of the load to reset the ropes and for skewing, trimming and listing the load.

FIG. 1 shows schematically the lay-out of the ropes of a container-crane. The top of a container is engaged by a spreader at which four corners a pulley each is mounted for accommodating a hoist rope of which the first end is wound on a motor driven drum, while the second rope end is mounted stationary. All the ropes run over pulleys mounted on a travelling crane trolley. By driving the drums in either direction the load is hoisted and lowered.

Hoist device for a load hanging on hoist ropes, in particular a container-crane


The present invention provides a microorganism-derived soluble coenzyme-binding glucose dehydrogenase which catalyzes a reaction for oxidizing glucose in the presence of an electron acceptor, has an activity to maltose as low as 5% or less, and is inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline. The invention also provides a method for producing the coenzyme-binding glucose dehydrogenase, and a method and a reagent for measuring employing the coenzyme-binding glucose dehydrogenase, According to the invention, the coenzyme-binding glucose dehydrogenase can be applied to an industrial field, and a use becomes possible also in a material production or analysis including a method for measuring or eliminating glucose in a sample using the coenzyme-binding glucose dehydrogenase as well as a method for producing an organic compound. It became also possible to provide a glucose sensor capable of accurately measuring a blood sugar level. Therefore, it became possible to provide an enzyme having a high utility, such as an ability of being used for modifying a material in the fields of pharmaceuticals, clinical studies and food products.

Glucose is present in blood and utilized as an important marker for diabetes. A method for measuring a glucose has conventionally been a chemical method or an enzymatic method, and an enzymatic method is regarded generally to be excellent in view of the specificity and the safety. Such an enzymatic method is, for example, be a measurement using a glucose oxidase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase or an NAD(P)-dependent glucose dehydrogenase. However, the methods employing the glucose oxidase and the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase are not convenient reaction systems since they employ a plural of enzymes. The methods employing the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and the NAD(P)-dependent glucose dehydrogenase pose a complication due to the requirement of adding a coenzyme NAD(P) to the reaction systems.
Recently, various biosensors were proposed as modes for quantifying a particular component in a sample conveniently without diluting or stirring a sample solution. For example, a biosensor was proposed in which an electrode system consisting of an action electrode, a counter electrode and a reference electrode was formed by a screen printing on an insulating board. This electrode system and the like was in contact with an enzymatic reaction layer formed thereon containing a hydrophilic polymer, a redox enzyme and an electron acceptor.
The number of diabetes patient is increasing year by year, and a method for measuring a blood sugar and a means for controlling the blood sugar level are desired which can be utilized not only in a hospital but also at home and which is convenient. While a simple glucose sensor is employed currently for measuring the blood sugar, it frequently employs a glucose oxidase which is highly suspected to give a measured value involving an error due to a level of the residual oxygen. On the other hand, a biosensor employing a glucose dehydrogenase which is dependent on a nicotinamide-based coenzyme exhibits a high background noise and involves a complicated reaction system due to the requirement of adding a coenzyme or an auxiliary enzyme separately, and it also suffers from a disadvantage due to the requirement of an expensive optical system upon measuring a chromogenic system.
As an enzyme which is not affected by the residual oxygen level and which can act on glucose in the absence of NAD(P), a glucose dehydrogenase whose coenzyme is pyrroloquinolinequinone is known, but the pyrroloquinolinequinone problematically tends to dissociate from the enzyme. A glucose dehydrogenase whose coenzyme is pyrroloquinolinequinone disclosed in JP-A-2000-350588 and JP-A-2001-197888 has a disadvantageously low selectivity for glucose. On the other hand, a glucose dehydrogenase whose coenzyme is the pyrroloquinolinequinone derived from Escherichia coli (JP-A-10-243786), a glucose dehydrogenase whose coenzyme is the pyrroloquinolinequinone derived from Pseudomonas sp. (Agric. Biol. Chem. (1980) 44:1505-1512) and a glucose dehydrogenase whose coenzyme is the pyrroloquinolinequinone derived from Gluconobacter suboxydans (Agric. Biol. Chem. (1981) 45:851-861) had the respective activity on maltose of 3%, 3.2% and 5%, but were accompanied with the complication due to the requirement of a solubilization and an extraction of the enzymes since they were existing in a membrane fraction of the bacterial bodies.
The coenzyme-binding glucose dehydrogenases which oxidize a hydroxyl group in the 3rd-position of glucose were also reported in J. Biol. Chem. (1967) 242: 3665-3672, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. (1999) 51: 58-64, Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. (1996) 56: 301-310 and Enzyme Microb. Technol. (1998) 22:269-274, but any of them exhibits a poor selectivity for glucose. Since maltose is employed widely as an infusion component and the blood maltose level in an infused patient is high, it is desired to develop an enzyme for measuring the blood sugar which is capable of acting specifically on glucose and has low activity especially on maltose.
In order to respond the industrial needs mentioned above, an objective of the invention is to provide a novel glucose dehydrogenase which exhibits an excellent substrate-recognizing ability toward glucose and which has low activity on maltose, and also to provide a method for producing the same and a microorganism having an ability of producing the same.
Another objective of the invention is to provide excellent glucose measuring method, measuring reagent and biosensor which employ the novel glucose dehydrogenase and which are capable of quantifying glucose rapidly and conveniently at a high accuracy, as well as a glucose-eliminating reagent.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.