This is a book that contrary to common practice, shows the commonalities of ancient and modern theories of freedom, law, and rational actions. Studying the works of the ancients is necessary to understanding those that follow. Thomas Chaimowicz challenges current trends in research on antiquity in his examination of Montesquieu's and Burk's path of inquiry. He focuses on ideas of balance and freedom. Montesquieu and Burke believe that freedom and balance are closely connected, for without balance within a state there can be no freedom.When Montesquieu speaks of republics, he means those of antiquity as they were understood in the eighteenth century. In this view, freedom can develop only within the framework of established tradition. Edmund Burke's greatest service to political thought may lie in making use of this idea when he fought against the abstractions of the French Revolutionaries."Antiquity as the Source of Modernity" examines Montesquieu's "Roman mind," meaning not an attitude influenced by the ancients, but one primarily influenced by Roman heritage. It speaks to the antithesis of monarchy and despotism in Montesquieu's thought and the influence of Tacitus and Pliny the Younger on him. The separation of powers and its relation to the concept of the mixed constitution as well as Montesquieu's smaller masterpiece "Considerations on the Causes of the Grandeur" and "Decadence of the Romans" are examined in detail. Finally, the discussion leads seamlessly to Burke, who, as a critical admirer of Montesquieu, partly incorporated his interpretation of the English constitution into his own thinking threatened by teachings of the French Revolution and its British adherents.The central idea of "Antiquity as the Source of Modernity" is timeless. It is that the ancient past can lead to a clearer understanding of what follows. This perspective represents a reversal of the conventional procedures for conducting this kind of research, but it is a reversal that Chaimowicz embraces in order to add a new dimension to the study and interpretation of both Montesquieu and Burke.


Four groups of 16 patients each, having acne vulgaris, were treated with (1) 5% lactate lotion, applied all over the face twice a day, (2) 5% lactate lotion topically along with 200 mg ketoconazole orally per day, (3) 2% erythromycin lotion topically all over the face twice a day, and (4) 2% topical erythromycin lotion with oral ketoconazole, respectively. The efficacy of these regimes was evaluated by counting the number of comedones, inflammatory lesions, and cysts separately, before starting the treatment and at 4, 8, and 12 weeks of treatment. Percent reduction in the number of inflammatory and comedonic lesions respectively at the end of 3 months of treatment was 61 .1 % and 44.0% with lactate lotion, 62.6% and 32.8% with lactate lotion combined with oral ketoconazole, 66.4% and 62.2% with erythromycin lotion alone, and 78.1% and 48.8% with erythromycin lotion and oral ketoconazole.
The overall improvement was graded into 3 categories i.e.,. excellent response, moderate response, and poor response. Lactate lotion produced excellent, moderate, and poor responses in 3,10, and 3 patients respectively; lactate lotion with ketoconazole in 1,12, and 3 patients; erythromycin lotion alone in 4,8, and 4 patients; and erythromycin lotion with ketoconazole in 1, 15, and nil patients respectively with respect to the inflammatory lesions. The results with respect to the comedonic lesions were 3, 7, and 6 patients; 1, 6, and 9 patients; 4, 6, and 6 patients; and 1, 8, and 7 patients in the respective categories. All the agents were well tolerated.


Sleep disorders encompass a wide spectrum of diseases with significant individual health consequences and high economic costs to society. To facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders, this review provides a framework using the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, Primary and secondary insomnia are differentiated, and pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments are discussed. Common circadian rhythm disorders are described in conjunction with interventions, including chronotherapy and light therapy. The diagnosis and treatment of restless legs syndrome/periodic limb movement disorder is addressed. Attention is focused on obstructive sleep apnea and upper airway resistance syndrome, and their treatment. The constellation of symptoms and findings in narcolepsy are reviewed together with diagnostic testing and therapy, Parasomnias, including sleep terrors, somnambulism, and rapid eye movement (REM) behavior sleep disorders are described, together with associated laboratory testing results and treatment.


The exploration of emotions has become a fundamental aspect of product design. Researchers in the design field have proposed approaches to Materials Experience that supports emotional exploration. The following article aims to demonstrate how, by experimenting with edible Do-It-Yourself-Materials,
 designers can tackle a deeper conceptualization of product development. A methodology is proposed to explore emotions through different design techniques with the use of edible materials. Three projects are analysed to understand the different opportunities to use these types of materials
 to create emotional, tangible experiences. This exercise sets a scenario for product designers interested in using emotions through edible material experimentation and achieving a more meaningful product development, by including emotional design in the project.


Communities across sub-Saharan Africa have been coping with the effects of climate variability for generations. Further, future projections show these areas will be affected by increased climate variability and changes in mean climate. Understanding how current coping strategies used by households in these communities will shape future adaptation choices remains limited. The aim of this thesis is therefore to examine household coping capacity and coping strategies to cope with climate variability and reflect on what this means for future adaptation to longer term climatic change in Uganda. Uganda is an appropriate country in which to examine these issues due to both the occurrence of climatic extremes such as floods and droughts, as well as the high dependence of the population on the natural resource base which is readily affected by these events. This research adopts an institutional perspective to explore issues of vulnerability, resilience and adaptive capacity: examining household level coping and adaptive capacities through to wider institutional analysis at the community, district and national level to provide evidence of the role institutions play in mediating the development of coping to adaptive capacities. Quantitative methods including social network analysis are combined with traditional qualitative methods in a mixed-methods approach to provide empirical evidence and new perspectives in adaptation research.

Results show household coping strategy depends on the customary and market-orientated nature of the village, and on the climatic hazard experienced: households without market access vary coping strategy by hazard whilst households with increased market access rely on economic activities regardless of hazard. Social network analysis identifies that support networks vary under different climatic hazards, and that these support networks do not show as many characteristics of bonding ties as previous literature suggests. The results also show that there are core households within each community that are central to the coping strategies of others. These core households typically hold formal positions in village institutions, mediating access to both formal and informal support structures. Yet, many households still remain excluded from both formal and informal support, and they remain vulnerable to climate variability and change. This thesis takes a polycentric perspective to explore the institutional enablers and constraints to coping and adaptation that exist across scales. Formal institutions play an important role in livelihood-specific coping strategies, whilst informal institutions underpin more general coping strategies. Positive and negative interplays between different institutions shape the opportunities for planned and autonomous adaptations. Institutional gulfs are present whereby institutions operate in relative isolation of others, or results in fragmented or sporadic adaptations.

Policy makers must develop policies that support communities to cope with climatic variability whilst targeting future adaptation demands. The evidence presented in this thesis suggests complex institutional structures exist in relation to household coping capacities, and reflecting on these institutional dynamics is necessary to consider the possible implications longer-term future adaptive capacity. Given uncertainty over future livelihood choices under a varied climate, institutions that shape non-livelihood specific coping strategies will become increasingly important to maintain livelihood and coping flexibility, and this must recognise the role of both autonomous and planned adaptation. Although specific to the evidence provided from Uganda, these results have lessons for wider coping and adaptation policy and planning across sub-Saharan Africa.


It is an effective way to decrease dielectric constant of microwave transparent materials by improving porosity rate. Network -Si3N4 porous transparent materials were prepared by gas pressure sintering (GPS) with Y2O3 additions. Porosity rate of silicon nitride using pore former with different content starch, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTEE) powder respectively and their compounded component were discussed in this paper. It is concluded that porosity rate can be improved by all the three, starch is most favorable to improve porosity but great volume rebound after cold iso-static pressing were happened and easily lead to crack of green body. Method of pore-making by step on principle of pore formers discharging in different temperature range used to get high strength and porosity green body. Series of porous silicon nitride microwave transparent materials were prepared with porosity rate from 48% to 67%, bending strength from 162MPa to 59MPa and dielectric constant from 3.41 to 2.37.


Pakistan's National Educational Policy 2009 delineates that quality of teacher certifications in primary and secondary tiers of education will progressively be made more rigorous by replacing the erstwhile Primary Teaching Certificate (PTC) and Certificate of Teaching (CT) programs. For this and similar policy provisions, in the last two decades, Pakistan has witnessed a rapid increase in the number of private and public Teacher Education Providers (TEPs) that provide alternate and supposedly more rigorous certifications such as the Bachelor of Education. As a result, struggles have ensued among the TEPs to bag their market share of the potential applicants to their teacher education programs. This study explores the struggles and battles of the TEPs in Khyber Pakhtunkwha (KP) province of Pakistan to attract potential applicants to their teacher education programs. Using an exploratory mixed method design, the study analyzes the educational and admission ads published in the three most circulated dailies in KP, namely Mashriq, Express, and Aaj. Findings show the private TEPs taking a lead in the battle against their public counterparts. Policy implications for quality, access to, and branding and marketing of teacher education have been explored and discussed.


This article examines the implementation of a bulk water pricing system in the Paraiba do Sul River Basin (PSRB) in southeast Brazil. It argues that four primary factors explain the successful negotiations for water prices in the basin. First, the negotiation process itself was inclusive and open rather than being imposed from the top down. A combination of market factors and state control (in the form of direct involvement of a federal agency) created a necessary balance in setting prices as it simultaneously allowed for powerful industrial sectors to negotiate favorable terms and for state and societal actors to offset the dominance of certain users over the negotiation process. Second, participants successfully demanded that the collected funds be reinvested in the basin rather than absorbed and spent elsewhere by the federal government. Third, a worldwide paradigm shift for water management, including the notions of water as an economic good, decentralization, societal participation and sustainability shaped the actions of key groups within the basin. Fourth, the level of technical capacity in the basin which reached back several decades provided the necessary foundation and support for the process to move forward. Committee members largely agreed on the primary problems facing the basin and on the necessity of implementing a bulk water pricing scheme in order to rectify them.


The instruments for the protection and conservation of natural resources (such as protected areas) constitute paradigmatically cases of land use and territorial planning. Likewise, the processes of application of these instruments imply conflicts and differences in power and degrees of affectation between different local actors. The study of sociological systems underlines the importance of the simultaneous analysis of the ecological, social and cultural dimensions of the systems, due to their mutual adaptation and the feedback that exists between the different dimensions. The existence of conflicts between local actors, as well as the assessment that they carry out regarding the ordering and governance processes are relevant inputs to take into account in territorial management(1). This work presents the results of the second stage of an investigation on the Protected Area of Montes del Queguay Managed Resources in the department of Paysandu (Uruguay), that aimed to identify subjectivities, detect conflicts and tensions between the actors social around the territory, governance and ecosystem services in the area. The types of subjectivity identified in social actors that operate in the territory and are part of the governance system of the Area are presented, linked to the position they occupy in the social structure, based on the application of the Q methodology.


We report ultraviolet electroluminescence from a hetero p-n junction between a single ZnO microsphere and p-GaN thin film. ZnO microspheres, which have high crystalline quality, have been synthesized by ablating a ZnO sintered target. It was found that synthesized ZnO microspheres had a high-optical property and exhibit the laser action in the whispering gallery mode under pulsed optical pumping. A hetero p-n junction was formed between the single ZnO microsphere/ p-GaN thin film, and a good rectifying property with a turn-on voltage of approximately 6 V was observed in I-V characteristic across the junction. Ultraviolet and visible electroluminescence were observed under forward bias.


The management of adult hydrocephalus spans a broad range of disorders and ages. Modern management strategies include endoscopic and adjustable cerebrospinal fluid shunt diversionary techniques. The assessment and management of the following clinical conditions are discussed: 1) the adult patient with congenital or childhood-onset hydrocephalus, 2) adult slit ventricle syndrome, 3) multicompartmental hydrocephalus, 4) noncommunicating hydrocephalus, 5) communicating hydrocephalus, 6) normal pressure hydrocephalus, and 7) the shunted patient with headaches. The hydrodynamics of cerebrospinal fluid shunt diversion are discussed in relation to mechanisms of under- and overdrainage conditions. A rationale for the routine implementation of adjustable valves for adult patients with hydrocephalus is provided based on objective clinical and experimental data. For the condition of normal pressure hydrocephalus, recommendations are offered regarding the evaluation, surgical treatment, and postoperative management of this disorder.


The Zmajevac loess-palaeosol succession (LPS) of the northeastern Baranja loess plateau is exposed along the southern slope of Bansko Brdo, on the western bank of the Danube River. The investigated 17.5-m-thick section shows 4 palaeosol, 1 loess-like and 6 loess horizons. Their integrative palaeoenvironmental analysis combines quantified dana from the mollusc record, magnetic susceptibility, grain-size, calcimetry and mineral abundances to reconstruct the pattern of regional palaeoclimate evolution. This result combined with infrared optically stimulated luminescence age est CLEAL imates by GALOVIC et al. (2009) enabled correlation of the depositional units to Middle to the Late Pleistocene Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 6 to 2. Magnetic susceptibility measurements show strong peaks in the palaeosol horizons pointing to increased concentrations of pedogenic ferrimagnetic minerals. Sedimentological and mineralogical parameters are in good agreement with other Pannonian Basin LPS. Terrestrial gastropod palaeoecology based on 1705 specimens of 13 species counted from loess and loess-like horizons documents cyclic transitions between cryophilous to cold resistant and mesophilous to thermophilous assemblage types. Whereas Helicopsis striata, Arianta arbustorum and Chondrula tridens are common throughout the succession, the typical loess representatives Pupilla sp., Vallonia tenuilabris and Columella columella are abundant only in certain horizons. Nevertheless, species tolerating open and dry habitats are abundant throughout the succession. The faunal spectra for the samples prove the dominance of transitional palaeoecological assemblage types, whereas uniformly defined types are rare. One of these, the Columella columella assemblage from the base of the section proved to be indicative of the Penultimate Glacial Maximum.


Objective: This study was undertaken to evaluate the feasibility of using free-hand three-dimensional (3D) ultrasonography to evaluate the volume of the fetal stomach. Material and methods: We studied a total of 108 normal singleton fetuses from 13 to 42 gestational weeks. During 2D ultrasonographic examination three-dimensional upper abdomen data were collected prospectively. The stomach was scanned with a fanning motion of the transducer in the axial plane, nearly parallel to the conventional abdominal circumference plane. 3D volume segmentation processing of the stomach was performed and saved in different files. Stomach volume was calculated. Results: In almost all cases in which the stomach was visualized it was possible to calculate structure volume. There was considerable volume variation during the range of gestational ages studied. This preliminary study would have to be expanded to construct nomograms of stomach dimensions. Conclusion: 3D echocardiography can provide estimates of fluid filled fetal organs' volumes and can be used for nomogram construction.


The prices of chemical products are fluctuated by several factors. The chemical companies can't predict and be ready to all of these changes, so they are exposed to the risk of a profit fluctuation. But they can reduce this risk by making a well-diversified product portfolio. This problem can be thought as the optimization of the product portfolio. We assume that the profits come from the 'spread' between a naphtha and a chemical product. We calculate a mean and a variation of each spread and develop an automatic module to calculate the optimal portion of each product. The theory is based on the Markowitz portfolio management. It maximizes the expected return while minimizing the volatility. At last we draw an indifference curve to compare each alternative and to demonstrate the superiority


"Substantial downzoning" is defined as the exercise of police power to significantly reduce the legally permitted density on undeveloped land in a community. This contentious practice is typically challenged by those who perceive the action to limit their market opportunities (e.g., farmers and developers), their sympathizers, and others who prefer the status quo. Supporters tend to be those who perceive positive benefits (e.g., environmentalists, conservationists, and homeowners) and those who see it as a supplement to other preservation techniques, based on concerns over such things as growing public costs of land acquisition, limited effectiveness of existing alternatives, or the perceived urgency to act to manage growth. Given the complexity of the issue and the lack of previous research, this paper develops a conceptual model of the public choice to "substantially downzone" and presents specific hypotheses to be empirically tested, using New Jersey as a case study. The probability of implementing substantial downzoning is found to increase with (i) the amount of open space that remains to be protected, (ii) declining farm population, (iii) recent growth in non-farm population, (iv) recent growth in land values, and (v) the presence of alternative growth management tools. Results also suggest its use as a substitute for other preservation tools when the financial and/or political ability of communities to afford other approaches is limited. Hence, the likelihood of substantial downzoning may increase over time if alternatives become more difficult to implement.


This article traces the manifestations of the newly adapted artistic form of "calligraffiti," or the synthetic braiding of poetry and graffiti on what became known as the "walls of protest" in post-2011 Egypt. This new mode of writing/drawing answers to the immediacy of an unprecedented revolutionary moment in Egypt and rewrites Egyptian history in peculiar artistic instantaneity. The image-text discursive dynamics of this hybrid form of expression enhance our understanding of the 2011 Egyptian uprising, enabling us to explore the potential of revolutionary impulse for stretching new artistic forms. This article therefore engages calligraffiti as a means to expand the scope of the literary, and specifically the poetic, to involve the visual dimension as coupled with the conceptual (linguistic). In this border- and genre-crossing artistic mode, Arabic poetry and graffiti meld as a revolutionary form of self-expression that defies local and international hegemonic, patriarchal regimes. Calligraffiti serves not only as a means of registering a revolutionary moment in Egypt or of celebrating the epiphany of the uprising, but more importantly it stands as a cultural and literary tool developed and used by Egyptian artists to represent the revolutionary artistic self and galvanize dissent during a highly contested moment in Egypt's history. The article thus traces the ways that the calligraffiti of Egyptian artists like Bahiyyah Shihāb (Bahia Shehab) and ʿUmar Fatḥī (Omar Fathy), ʿAmmār Abū Bakr (Ammar Abo Bakr), Ganzīr (Ganzeer), Al-Mushīr (El-Moshir) and ʿAlāʾ ʿAwaḍ (Alaa Awad), are enmeshed with the poetic lines of Amal Dunqul, Pablo Neruda, and Yāsir al-Manawahlī (Yasser el-Manawahly) on the artistic canvas of muralled Egyptian revolution.


Homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HoFH), a rare inherited lipid disorder usually caused by bi-allelic defects in the LDLR gene, is characterised by marked elevation in low-density lipoprotein -cholesterol (LDL-C). Aggressive, early intervention with lipid-lowering therapy is warranted in patients with HoFH, and the recent introduction of new drug treatments including lomitapide and mipomersen has enabled physicians and their patients to achieve lower LDL-C levels than previously possible in this hardto-treat condition. Understanding the overall impact of new interventions in HoFH requires a correct assessment of the true prevalence of the disease. Although it is rare, emerging studies suggest that HoFH may be more common than previously thought. We have reviewed data on the epidemiology and management of HoFH, with a focus on raising awareness on this condition so that clinicians can be made aware of the potential for genetic causes for presentation with premature cardiovascular disease. As classic clinical characteristics may be absent in HoFH patients, genetic status and/or family history should be part of the assessment of patients with significantly elevated LDL-C and premature atherosclerosis with a premature heart attack or clinical complications. As direct outcomes data for new treatments for HoFH are not yet available, intermediate phenotypes of arterial structure and function are being studied as endpoints in clinical trials. Novel therapies which enable lowering of LDL-C to levels that were, until recently, unachievable, have the potential to alter cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in this high-risk group of patients.


Parsing urban scene images benefits many applications, especially self-driving. Most of the current solutions employ generic image parsing models that treat all scales and locations in the images equally and do not consider the geometry property of car-captured urban scene images. Thus, they suffer from heterogeneous object scales caused by perspective projection of cameras on actual scenes and inevitably encounter parsing failures on distant objects as well as other boundary and recognition errors. In this work, we propose a new FoveaNet model to fully exploit the perspective geometry of scene images and address the common failures of generic parsing models. FoveaNet estimates the perspective geometry of a scene image through a convolutional network which integrates supportive evidence from contextual objects within the image. Based on the perspective geometry information, FoveaNet "undoes" the camera perspective projection — analyzing regions in the space of the actual scene, and thus provides much more reliable parsing results. Furthermore, to effectively address the recognition errors, FoveaNet introduces a new dense CRFs model that takes the perspective geometry as a prior potential. We evaluate FoveaNet on two urban scene parsing datasets, Cityspaces and CamVid, which demonstrates that FoveaNet can outperform all the well-established baselines and provide new state-of-the-art performance.


THE LIBERAL, though not indiscriminate, use of antibiotics in pediatrics has resulted in far more assets than liabilities, although the statement has been made that 90% of antibiotics used in this country today are wasted. Often the pediatrician is able to select the correct and most effective antibiotic on the basis of clinical examination alone. At other times, laboratory examinations are necessary to establish an etiologic diagnosis. This information frequently allows the selection of the most favorable antibiotic when the bacterial species is of predictable sensitivity. Cases in which the bacterial species isolated are of unpredictable sensitivity require determination of the in-vitro efficacy of antibiotics. It must be stressed that many bacterial pathogens are as sensitive to penicillin and other antibiotics today as they were years ago, and that the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is not a general phenomenon. For example, the vast majority of strains of group A hemolytic streptococcus, gonococcus, pneumococcus, influenza bacillus, and the spirochete of syphilis have not become antibiotic resistant. In contrast, the staphylococcus has become a serious problem, particularly in hospitals and hospital-acquired infections. With the widespread use of penicillin and other antibiotics the percentage of antibiotic-resistant bacteria isolated from lesions in man has increased substantially. In addition, workers in hospitals rather frequently have become carriers of these strains and thus may in turn spread the infection to patients. Status of Current Antibiotics During the last few years several antibiotics have been added to the armamentarium of the physician. The present status of these antibiotics or special preparations may be summed up as follows.


[35S]Sulfate incorporation was measured in populations of Chinese hamster ovary cells enriched for mitotics, early G1 cells, and interphase monolayers or suspensions. Incorporation was determined by biochemical analysis of extracts and quantitative autoradiography of thick sections. 90% of [35S]sulfate was incorporated into glycosaminoglycan (GAG). Incorporation was depressed fourfold in mitotics and stimulated by from two- to three-fold in early G1 cells relative to mixed interphase cells. GAG synthesis was maintained into late G2. Thus, the rate of GAG biosynthesis was correlated temporally with the detachment and reattachment of cells to substrate. Inhibitors of protein synthesis brought about the rapid arrest of GAG biosynthesis. However, xylosides, which bypass the requirement for core protein, did not bring oligosaccharide sulfation in mitotics to interphase levels. These observations indicate an inhibition of Golgi processing and are consistent with a generalized defect of membrane vesicle-mediated transport during mitosis.


Narrative review: skin tear, laceration or skin avulsion? The current definitions for skin tear, laceration and skin avulsion do not provide a clear and evident differentiation between them in clinical practice, as their descriptions vary from author to author. Most of the literature uses these terms to refer to lacerations, but in practice, they can also mean skin avulsions, skin tears and pretibial lacerations, creating confusion among health professionals. This narrative review aims to provide the authors' views to help reach a precise definition for such terms and avoid further confusion in clinical practice.


The principal aim of this thesis is to contribute towards the understanding of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (AIOC, now British Petroleum) practices in Iran and thereby providing a clear picture of how nationalisation evolved on 1st May 1951 and how it was perceived by the stock market. Nationalisation brought into sharp focus issues affecting key AIOC stakeholder groups, including Iranian employees, Iranian government and UK investors which became the subject of claim and counter-claim from the AIOC board and Iranian nationalist opinion. As a consequence of these disputed claims, a propaganda battle became a crucial ingredient of the crisis, not least because a key objective of the AIOC management was to maintain investor confidence in the face of a major threat to its asset base but also reflecting the AIOC's ability to defend itself from the claims made by the Iranian government about unfairness in the sharing of proceeds, and discrimination against Iranians. In fact, this was crucial in absolving the company from any blame for the international crisis.
As a result, in considering the above effects, by using AIOC as a case study, contrasts are drawn between the AIOC's management's public view of the crisis and the actual events as documented in the literature, official papers, and financial records. It is worth noting that this research will examine the extent to which the company exploited and manifested Iranian rights by drawing on evidence from major neglected documents. Furthermore, this research will examine the degree to which imperialism has been applied to the Iranian society.
The study shows that the AIOC was not prepared to give up any of its control over the Iranian oil resources nor to improve the concession for the Iranians. With that rationale, the AIOC failed to fulfil its Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) obligations towards the Iranian employees and the company's treatment of Iran was unfair in terms of profit sharing. The study also highlights that the AIOC management did a good job in maintaining the investors' confidence and in defending the company from the Iranian claims at a time of the nationalisation crisis.


In this paper a novel optimization method called imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) is applied to solve the channel assignment problem in a mobile ad hoc network. First the imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) is described, which has been proposed as an evolutionary optimization method, and after that it is explained how it can seek a near optimal solution for the channel allocation problem in a cognitive mobile ad hoc radio network. The simulation results are compared with the results that were obtained by applying island genetic algorithm.


Recent advances in rheometer design and rheology theory have led to an abundance of rheological information, both experimental and theoretical. In response to this wonderful opportunity, many of the world's leading rheologists began to share their expert software codes with the wider community of materials researchers and practitioners. This became possible through "Rheo‐Hub", a central computer platform from which the user interrogates rheological expert codes ("engines") and rheological data by comparing, merging, and funneling these into further interrogations and explorations. In this virtual environment, results are returned to the computer screen as visuals so that the visual intelligence of the user gets involved in the cognition process. Rheological explorations may be repeated in different ways (using different expert codes for answering the same research question) and viewed from different graphical viewpoints. This creates the multi‐scale and multi‐expertise workspace that is needed to support quantitative rheological explorations and to prepare for discovery. The virtual environment technology will be presented and examples will be shown. Rheo‐Hub's strengths are data analysis, integration of experimental results with theoretically predicted rheology, visuals for communicating results, and introduction of a rheological data standard.Recent advances in rheometer design and rheology theory have led to an abundance of rheological information, both experimental and theoretical. In response to this wonderful opportunity, many of the world's leading rheologists began to share their expert software codes with the wider community of materials researchers and practitioners. This became possible through "Rheo‐Hub", a central computer platform from which the user interrogates rheological expert codes ("engines") and rheological data by comparing, merging, and funneling these into further interrogations and explorations. In this virtual environment, results are returned to the computer screen as visuals so that the visual intelligence of the user gets involved in the cognition process. Rheological explorations may be repeated in different ways (using different expert codes for answering the same research question) and viewed from different graphical viewpoints. This creates the multi‐scale and multi‐expertise workspace that is needed to support ...


There is extensive literature about the impact of the adoption of IFRS as accounting standard on earnings quality. Though, there are conflicting views about the relationship. Since 2005 most of Swiss companies are required to prepare their financial statements according to the IFRS. This paper investigates the implication on earnings quality for Swiss companies after changing from the domestic accounting standard, Swiss GAAP, to IFRS. The Modified Jones Model is applied to calculate the amount of discretionary accruals as measure for earnings quality, and likewise for earnings management. Moreover, the degree of earnings smoothing of companies prior to and after changing to IFRS is examined and compared. The findings suggest that IFRS adoption does not lead to increased earnings quality in terms of discretionary accruals. The study even shows that companies employing IFRS as accounting standard exhibit more income decreasing discretionary accruals than companies using the domestic standard. However, the study also confirms that companies that comply with the IFRS commit less earnings smoothing. The paper indicates that the objective of European policymakers to improve the quality of financial statements could not be reached. Moreover, standard-setters and investors need to be aware of the impact of IFRS adoption on the quality of financial statements.


Analysis of numerous clinical trial results in regenerative medicine generally shows low level of efficacy with stem cells due to which very few trials actually reach culmination. This is due to the fact that most researchers do not take into account the importance of stem cell microenvironments in the treatment design, use an insufficient number or type of stem cells, and/or ignore the possibility of using exosomes in the complex therapy of patients. Proliferation, differentiation and engraftment of stem cells (SCs) require a specific, pre-defined microenvironment called 'stem cell niche'. For in vivo modulation of organ-specific niches during SCs transplantation, appropriate tissue based growth factors (including Placental tissue extracts - PTEs and Fetal Tissue extracts - FTEs) can improve outcomes significantly. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) and especially hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) culture, enumeration and amplification provide adequate number of cells for  optimum results. Additionally growth factors and exosomes can induce the phenotypic modifications of SCs. We investigated the content of growth factors in FTEs and PTEs; studied the efficacy of adding these in patients who did not respond well to conventional SC treatment and optimized results considerably. We showed impact of PTEs/FTEs for remodeling the SC niche in treatment of liver cirrhosis and non-healing wounds and ulcers in patients.


Background: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a risk factor that can lead to the development of squamous dysplastic changes and squamous cell carcinoma in patients with coexisting immunosuppression. Such altered immune systems are seen in patients receiving anti-tumor necrosis factor agents for the treatment of various rheumatological disorders. Case presentation: Here we present the case of a 39-year-old female, non-drinker, non-smoker, with the diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis, who presented with new onset dysphagia. Her evaluation showed evidence of pan-esophageal high grade squamous dysplasia. The patient failed organ sparing endoscopic intervention with radiofrequency ablation and cryoablation warranting a near total esophagectomy. Conclusion: In an otherwise low risk patient, this extensive and aggressive esophageal squamous neoplasm is presumed to be from HPV activation following adalimumab use. A review of the literature yielded reports of malignancy following anti- TNF treatment but to our knowledge this is the first reported case of extensive pan esophageal squamous neoplastic in the setting of HPV activation and anti-TNF therapy.


MinION and GridION X5 from Oxford Nanopore Technologies are devices for real-time DNA and RNA sequencing. On the one hand, MinION is the only real-time, low cost and portable sequencing device and, thanks to its unique properties, is becoming more and more popular among biologists; on the other, GridION X5, mainly for its costs, is less widespread but highly suitable for researchers with large sequencing projects. Despite the fact that Oxford Nanopore Technologies' devices have been increasingly used in the last few years, there is a lack of high-performing and user-friendly tools to handle the data outputted by both MinION and GridION X5 platforms. Here we present NanoR, a cross-platform R package designed with the purpose to simplify and improve nanopore data visualization. Indeed, NanoR is built on few functions but overcomes the capabilities of existing tools to extract meaningful informations from MinION sequencing data; in addition, as exclusive features, NanoR can deal with GridION X5 sequencing outputs and allows comparison of both MinION and GridION X5 sequencing data in one command. NanoR is released as free package for R at https://github.com/davidebolo1993/NanoR.


Prolonged strenuous exercise affects the circulating numbers and functions of immune
cells. These effects are thought to be largely mediated by the actions of elevated circulating
stress hormones and alterations in regulatory cytokines. Although the effects of a single
acute bout of exercise on immune system function are quite well established, it is still not
clear how time of day and repeated bouts of prolonged exercise on the same day influence
immune function. It is of particular interest to understand the effects of nutritional
supplementation on immunoendocrine responses. Therefore, the aims of the studies
described in this thesis were to determine the effects of two bouts of prolonged cycling and
carbohydrate supplementation on immunoendocrine responses.
The saliva collection study showed that the use of a swab for collecting saliva is not an
ideal method because it affects the results of saliva composition (Chapter 4). The
comparison of the effects of exercise at different times of day on immunoendocrine
responses showed that a single bout of prolonged exercise performed in the afternoon
induces a larger perturbation in the redistribution of leukocytes into the circulation than an
identical bout of morning exercise, which maybe due to higher hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal
(HP A) activation and. circadian rhythms. However, in terms of oral mucosal
immunity, performing prolonged cycling at different times of day does not differently
affect the salivary responses. The second compared with the first of two bouts of prolonged
exercise on the same day induces a greater HP A activation, a larger leukocyte trafficking
into the circulation, a decreased neutrophil degranulation response to lipopolysaccharide
(LPS) on per cell basis and a lower saliva flow rate, but does not increase plasma
interleukin-6 (IL-6), or change saliva immunoglobulin A (slgA) secretion rate (Chapter 5).
Furthermore, carbohydrate (CHO) ingestion during any period of two bouts of prolonged
exercise shows limited beneficial effect in blunting these higher responses in the second
exercise bout compared with the first identical exercise bout on the same day (Chapter 6, 7
and 8). The determination of the effects of CHO ingestion on exercise-induced
immunoendocrine responses showed that when two bouts of exercise are performed on the
same day, the greater benefit in terms of circulating immunoendocrine responses is
obtained by feeding CHO at the earliest opportunity (Chapter 6, 7 and 8). A 3-h interval is insufficient for recovery of leukocyte mobilisation and neutrophil function from the impact
of previous exercise whether subjects consumed placebo or CHO during exercise or
recovery (Chapter 5, 6, 7 and 8). However, an 18-h interval is sufficient for full recovery of
all immunoendocrine variables that were measured in this thesis from the impact of two
bouts of prolonged exercise (Chapter 8).


Island biotas are in imminent threat from anthropogenic impacts. Of these impacts, the negative effects of exotic species on the taxonomic and functional diversity of the local fauna are of major concern. Exotics may also have a detrimental effect on interspecific interactions which, in turn, can destabilize ecological networks. Species co-occurrence networks can detect species-to-species associations and are used to predict ecological interaction networks and utilized as tools to assess environmental impacts on community structure. Here, we aim to investigate whether or not topological differences of the arthropod co-occurrence networks among native forest fragments from seven Azorean islands can reveal the influence of the abiotic environment and exotic species on these networks. Co-occurrence networks were sensitive to environmental and community dissimilarities, showing a clear separation between islands and pinpointed differences between indigenous and exotic networks. Most exotics were little connected and exotic networks had a large proportion of unconnected species. The resulting decreased connectance and the increased modularity with the increase of the proportions of exotics in the networks suggest that most exotics have too low prevalence to show associations with other species, and only a few dominants drive co-occurrences. The proportion of negative links, as indicators of competition, did not increase with the increase of exotics in the habitats, suggesting that exotics provided new functional roles when they colonized native forest remnants. However, when the theoretical networks consisting of only indigenous species were investigated, connectance decreased and closeness increased with the increase of exotics, suggesting processes of network degradation. Since our study provides ample evidence for the usefulness of co-occurrence network analysis in studying island ecosystems, we recommend the use of this tool for ecosystem assessments, early warning systems and decision-making in island biodiversity conservation.


Cardillo, M. J., Bullock, P., Gulden, R., Glenn, A. and Cutforth, H. 2015. Stubble management effects on canola performance across different climatic regions of western Canada. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 149-159. Previous research in the most arid region of the Canadian prairies has shown that wheat stubble cut tall the previous year can improve performance of the following canola crop. This study aimed to determine if tall stubble could benefit canola across the climatic conditions typically experienced in western Canada. Tall stubble impacts on canola were monitored over 11 site-years located throughout the prairies. At each site, tall stubble (50 cm) was compared with short stubble (20 cm). At some sites the stubble lodged allowing an unintended comparison between stubble that remained intact and stubble that was flattened. The comparison of snow water equivalent showed tall stubble caught more snow than short stubble but the benefit of additional spring soil moisture was masked by heavy spring precipitation in both 2011 and 2012. Canola biomass and yield were significantly lower in damaged versus intact stubble, either short or tall. In both years, wet spring conditions were followed by hotter and drier weather in the mid to late growing season. Soil under the damaged stubble (short or tall) likely warmed and dried more slowly in the spring, limiting early-season growth, biomass and yield. At sites where both tall and short stubble remained intact, there was a significant yield advantage with tall stubble. The intact tall stubble may have slowed evaporation and soil drying compared with intact short stubble, which reduced moisture stress later in the growing season, imparting a yield advantage.


The experimental teaching of surveying is an effective method for students to acquire basic surveying skills and solve practical problems. By contrast, the traditional experimental teaching mode of surveying presents students with insufficient experimental opportunities and difficulties to achieve independent learning and interactive operation due to limitations in the allotted time for experiments, sites, instruments, and external environmental conditions. This study developed a virtual experimental system by combining network virtual reality technology and surveying experiment. The proposed system intends to provide students with additional experimental opportunities to achieve computer desktop-like virtual experimental devices and engineering construction scenes, thereby accomplishing the indoor simulation of field surveying. This virtual surveying experimental system mainly comprised four modules, namely, classroom teaching, classroom practice, teaching practice, and production practice. This system realized equipment, operation, and data virtualizations, as well as various highly realistic measurement experiments, such as topographic surveying, engineering setting out, and road surveying. Application results demonstrated that the proposed system was convenient for the independent study of students, stimulates their enthusiasm for learning, strengthens their operational ability, and achieves good teaching effect. Furthermore, this system provides a novel experimental teaching mode for surveying courses.


Non-elastic strain behavior was investigated for several different zirconia ceramics and a possible mechanism for anelasticity was discussed. Anelastic strain was detected in zirconia ceramics irrespective of the crystallographic phase and its productivity depended on the particular kind of dopant additive. It was found that the anelastic properties could be significantly influenced by the level of oxygen vacancy in the matrix, and that the anelastic strain might be produced by a slight shift of ionic species. In order to investigate the effect of anelasticity on mechanical properties on zirconia ceramics, the tensile strength was investigated for a wide range of strain rates. The obviously unique strain rate dependence was observed only in the materials having anelastic properties. It was assumed that anelasticity could be efficient at improving the tensile strength.


Temperature regulation of chemotraphs (animals and humans) is one of the most sophisticated processes in nature. The basal condition is characterized as the absolute minimum energy state during consciousness. The conditions necessary are: no food for twelve hours, restful sleep, complete rest when awake, no excitement, and an ambient temperature of 20–27°C. The body's metabolism of chemotraphs is constantly producing excess heat, even at rest that must be removed in order to maintain thermal equilibrium. Under normal conditions the heat produced by the bio-chemical reactions within the body must be the same as the heat loss. A first law analysis is conducted in determining the net rate of heat-loss while the body is at rest. The results are then compared with data obtained by physiologists for humans and checks to within 5%. The analysis is extended to predicting the occurrence of fever. Dimensional results are then presented for the body temperature vs time. Fever can occur either through increased slow oxidation/combustion (metabolic oxidation) of a mix of carbohydrates and fats, or by reduced heat-loss from the skin due to reduced blood flow (which causes shivers). If all the energy released during oxidation/combustion results in direct heat production then it is possible to predict I) temperature vs time, and ii) the initial metabolic rate from nasal exhaust measurements during initial periods of fever. Good agreement has been obtained between model results and experimental data on cats during heat-up periods.


OBJECTIVE
Quetiapine monotherapy shows efficacy in bipolar depression. The analyses in this multicenter, double-blind, randomized, fixed-dose, placebo-controlled study evaluated effects of quetiapine monotherapy on anxiety symptoms in bipolar depression.

METHOD
Of 542 outpatients randomly assigned to treatment, 539 with bipolar I (N = 358) or bipolar II (N = 181) disorder experiencing a major depressive episode (DSM-IV) received 8 weeks of quetiapine monotherapy (600 or 300 mg/day) or placebo between September 2002 and October 2003. Anxiety assessments included the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A) and relevant items from the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D). Analyses evaluated the pooled dose groups versus placebo.

RESULTS
At week 8, quetiapine 600 and 300 mg/day each demonstrated significant improvements in HAM-A total score versus placebo (-10.8 and -9.9 vs. -6.7, p < .001). Quetiapine (pooled doses) significantly improved HAM-A total score from week 1. In bipolar I depression, quetiapine showed significant improvement in HAM-A total score versus placebo (-10.4 vs. -5.1, p < .001). In bipolar I depression, quetiapine also showed significant improvements versus placebo on the HAM-A anxious mood and tension items, HAM-A psychic and somatic subscales, MADRS inner tension item, and HAM-D psychic anxiety item (all p < .001), but not the HAM-D somatic anxiety item. In bipolar II depression, quetiapine reduced the HAM-A total score more than placebo, but the difference was not statistically significant (-9.8 vs. -9.0, p = .473). In bipolar II depression, quetiapine showed significant improvement versus placebo on the HAM-A anxious mood, MADRS inner tension, and HAM-D psychic anxiety items (all p < .01).

CONCLUSION
Quetiapine monotherapy shows efficacy in treating anxiety symptoms in bipolar I depression; however, the anxiolytic effects in bipolar II disorder require further investigation.


The coronavirus pandemic has, since its outbreak in late 2019, not only caused a global health care crisis but has also had a negative impact on the exercise of social, economic, cultural and political rights. Vulnerable and marginalised groups in Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania are among the worst affected. To respond to the crisis, the three East African countries imposed several measures aimed at curtailing the spread of the disease, which included a mandatory 14 days of self-quarantine for persons arriving from abroad; the closure of borders, religious and educational institutions; the suspension of international and domestic flights; the suspension of public court proceedings and gatherings; the imposition of a dusk to dawn curfew; and the restriction of people's movement in certain areas. All these measures in one way or another affect the exercise of fundamental human rights. In the past few months, the number of reported cases of human rights violations has been escalating. This article seeks to highlight the three states' practice of avoiding the 'naming, shaming and prosecuting' of perpetrators of human rights violations during the coronavirus pandemic. It also exposes instances of human rights violations in Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania during the pandemic. In addition, the paper proposes measures to be undertaken to intensify legal protection against human rights violations during the coronavirus pandemic. Finally, the paper explores the elusive option of making the top state officials legally accountable for individual human rights violations.


Abstract The extent to which individuals feel that they are known and understood by others (i.e., self-verification perceptions) is related to a number of important employee outcomes. However, we know little about what contextual and personal factors are associated with self-verification perceptions, and if such perceptions are related to employees' discrete emotions. Time-lagged data collected from 163 employees revealed that perceived organizational and supervisor support were positively associated with self-verification perceptions, which were in turn related to more positive and less negative emotions. We also found that having high proactive personality significantly enhanced the relationship between perceived organizational support and self-verification perceptions but reduced the relationship between perceived supervisor support and self-verification perceptions. The results provide evidence of the importance of supportive work environments and proactive individual traits to help employees feel known and understood.


Abstract. Crop classification is a key issue for agricultural monitoring using remote sensing techniques. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data has an advantage in crop classification because of its all-weather imaging capabilities. The objective of this study was to investigate the capability of SAR data for estimation of cotton and maize area in Perambalur district of Tamil Nadu. The multi-temporal Sentinel-1 SAR data was acquired from 2nd September, 2017 to 24th January, 2018. Both the Vertical-Vertical (VV) and Vertical-Horizontal (VH) polarized data was used. Ground truth data collection was performed for cotton and maize during the vegetative, flowering and harvesting stages. Sixty per cent of the ground truth data were used for training and remaining forty per cent were utilized for validation. The temporal backscattering coefficient (σ0) for cotton and maize were extracted using the training datasets.. The mean backscattering values for cotton crop during the entire cropping period had a range from −11.729 dB to −8.827 dB and from −19.167 dB to −14.186 dB for VV and VH polarization respectively. For maize crop it ranged from −11.248 dB to −8.878 dB and from −19.043 dB to −14.753 dB for VV and VH polarized data respectively. The Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) and Decision Tree classifier (DT) methods were adopted for cotton and maize area estimation. SAM classified 73259 and 51489 hectares (ha) as cotton and maize respectively in VV polarization. DT classified the area of 61501 and 64530 ha for cotton and maize respectively in VH polarization. The accuracy measures, such as overall accuracy, producer's accuracy and user's accuracy and kappa coefficient were estimated. SAM classifier exhibits the overall accuracy of 73.3% for VV Decision tree classifier reported the overall accuracy of 75.0% for VH. It is evident from the present study, that the multi-temporal Sentinel-1 SAR sensor can be well used for the discrimination of cotton and maize crops because of its high temporal resolution which captures the complete phenology of the crops during the cropping period.


The kanamycin resistance transposon Tn2680, which originates from the R plasmid Rtsl, is homologous to Tn6 and carries two directly repeated copies of IS26, one at each end. The kanamycin resistance gene codes for type I aminoglycoside-3'-phosphotransferase. Tn2680 also contains, in the middle of the transposon, an additonal IS element homologous to IS903. This element, designated IS903.B, is flanked by a 9-base-pair direct target duplication. A novel kanamycin resistance transposon, Tn2681, can be generated from Tn2680 by IS903.B-mediated cointegration and subsequent reciprocal recombination between the directly repeated IS26 sequences. Tn2681 carries a single IS26 element in the middle of the transposon and is flanked by two directly repeated copies of IS903.B. Possible evolutionary relationships between Tn2680 and other kanamycin resistance transposons such as Tn903 and Tn2350 are discussed, based on the gene organization and DNA


The effects of small cavities on dose in water and the dose in a homogeneous nonunit density medium illustrate that inhomogeneities do not act independently in photon dose perturbation, and serve as two constraints which should be satisfied by approximate methods of computed tomography (CT) pixel-based dose calculations. Current methods at best satisfy only one of the two constraints and show inadequacies in some intermediate geometries. We have developed an approximate method that satisfies both these constraints and treats much of the synergistic effect of multiple inhomogeneities correctly. The method calculates primary and first-scatter doses by first-order ray tracing with the first-scatter contribution augmented by a component of second scatter that behaves like first scatter. Multiple-scatter dose perturbation values extracted from small cavity experiments are used in a function which approximates the small residual multiple-scatter dose. For a wide range of geometries tested, our method agrees very well with measurements. The average deviation is less than 2% with a maximum of 3%. In comparison, calculations based on existing methods can have errors larger than 10%.


The early volcanic history and structural development of Olympus Mons, Mars, has been obscured by the formation of the large circum-Olympus aureole deposits in the Early Amazonian. Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter data reveal an enormous preaureole extrusive flow unit in Amazonis Planitia that is more than 300 km wide and extends ∼1800 km radially away from the Olympus Mons aureole. We interpret this volcanic unit to represent proto–Olympus Mons lava flows emplaced during the latest Hesperian or earliest Amazonian. The orientation and localization of the deposits appear to be due to channeling of the flows into a broad depression between the generally north dipping slope of Amazonis Planitia and the southwestward-dipping slope of the Alba Patera flanks. Formation of the aureole blocked this depression and caused subsequent summit flows to pond in the circum- Olympus trough and flow around the aureole lobes. Emplacement of this proto- Olympus flow unit formed a barrier along the northern margin of Amazonis Planitia, causing ponding of later lava flows and outflow channel events debouching there. The large volume and great lateral extent of the unit imply abundant magma supply and high effusion rates during the initial stages of Olympus Mons construction; this unit may be the result of the initial impingement of a melt-rich mantle plume head.


For many years now, communication in the industrial sector has been characterized by a new trend of integrating the wireless concept through cyber-physical systems (CPS). This emergence, known as the Smart Factory, is based on the convergence of industrial trades and digital applications to create an intelligent manufacturing system. This will ensure high adaptability of production and more efficient resource input. It should be noted that data is the key element in the development of the Internet of Things ecosystem. Thanks to the IoT, the user can act in real time and in a digital way on his industrial environment, to optimize several processes such as production improvement, machine control, or optimization of supply chains in real time. The choice of the connectivity strategy is made according to several criteria and is based on the choice of the sensor. This mainly depends on location (indoor, outdoor, …), mobility, energy consumption, remote control, amount of data, sending frequency and security. In this chapter, we present an Industrial IoT architecture with two operating modes: MtO (Many-to-One) and OtM (One-to-Many). An optimal choice of the wavelet in terms of bit error rate is made to perform simulations in an industrial channel. A model of this channel is developed in order to simulate the performance of the communication architecture in an environment very close to industry. The optimization of the communication systems is ensured by error correcting codes.


This book is a comprehensive treatment of the theory of formal groups and its numerous applications in several areas of mathematics. The seven chapters of the book present basics and main results of the theory, as well as very important applications in algebraic topology, number theory, and algebraic geometry. Each chapter ends with several pages of historical and bibliographic summary. One prerequisite for reading the book is an introductory graduate algebra course, including certain familiarity with category theory.


Abstract On the US Great Plains frontier in the late nineteenth century, perhaps no area of scientific knowledge was more contested than the weather, which connected with debates around the long-term climate of this semiarid region. Observation of the weather was shared across the divide between scientists and lay people, illustrating an early historical predecessor of enlisting citizen scientists to help in the production of knowledge. Situating this example of lay participation in the larger context of diverse modes of field practice during the railroad era, this article examines the production of weather knowledge on the Great Plains frontier, especially in Kansas, to explore some important stages in the process of coordinating lay observers, including the ground-level practices of organizing lay people into networks for producing knowledge, and marginalizing and discrediting folk knowledge about the weather that was autonomous from the authorized scientific community. The author argues for greater attention to the historical emergence of crucial hierarchical, structured aspects of lay participation in science, inflected by the Chinese concept of shi, in contrast to the recently common focus on flattened, collaborative networks.


Concentrations of total calcium and albumin were measured in serum specimens from 41 women at intervals before, during, and after 42 pregnancies. The albumin concentration decreased but the calcium decreased more slowly, so that the albumin-adjusted calcium concentration increased from conception to term. These findings, taken in conjunction with published observations of hypercalciuria, increased concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and calcitonin in serum, and decreased concentrations of intact parathyrin in serum, strongly suggest that maternal ionized calcium increases throughout normal pregnancy.


Mass production of total electric vehicles capable of traveling longer distances results in a need for electric service stations that can satisfy the requirements for a significant amount of power provided in a time duration similar to that of filling a car with oil-based fuel. These vehicles would pull into the station, and need a large amount of power delivered over a short period of time for the rapid recharging of batteries which serve as their "fuel tank." This paper investigates the effect of fast-charging electric vehicles on an existing utility company distribution system at several specified sites. This paper will cover power-flow, short-circuit, and protection studies at these sites using utility-grade software packages. In addition, the analysis of simulations of a recharging station where up to eight rapidly rechargeable vehicles come online at once will be presented.


Background. Conflicting evidence exists regarding the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and outcomes after kidney transplantation. Methods. We conducted a population-based cohort study in a publicly funded healthcare system using linked administrative healthcare databases from Ontario, Canada to assess the relationship between SES and total graft failure (ie, return to chronic dialysis, preemptive retransplantation, or death) in individuals who received their first kidney transplant between 2004 and 2014. Secondary outcomes included death-censored graft failure, death with a functioning graft, all-cause mortality, and all-cause hospitalization (post hoc outcome). Results. Four thousand four hundred-fourteen kidney transplant recipients were included (median age, 53 years; 36.5% female), and the median (25th, 75th percentile) follow-up was 4.3 (2.1-7.1) years. In an unadjusted Cox proportional hazards model, each CAD $10000 increase in neighborhood median income was associated with an 8% decline in the rate of total graft failure (hazard ratio [HR], 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.87-0.97). After adjusting for recipient, donor, and transplant characteristics, SES was not significantly associated with total or death-censored graft failure. However, each CAD $10000 increase in neighborhood median income remained associated with a decline in the rate of death with a functioning graft (adjusted (a)HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.83-0.98), all-cause mortality (aHR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.86-0.99), and all-cause hospitalization (aHR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.92-0.98). Conclusions. In conclusion, in a universal healthcare system, SES may not adversely influence graft health, but SES gradients may negatively impact other kidney transplant outcomes and could be used to identify patients at increased risk of death or hospitalization.


Due to a lack of knowledge and experience the best approach to deal with wind farm decommissioning has yet to be determined. To fill this void, this paper analyzed the current status in terms of regulations and cost, regarding the decommissioning in Italy and Sweden. In order to make a comparison between these two countries, the available research papers and reports on the decommissioning cost assessment, removal methods and regulations were thoroughly investigated. Moreover, detailed estimated dismantling cost data was obtained from a wind farm in Italy. The Italian cost data were compared with data collected in Sweden and along with them, the regulations and legislations related to how these costs have to be assessed as well as what developers are required to do regarding the decommissioning in the permit issuance were included. The results of this research show that in decommissioning cost assessment both countries does not allow developers to include the possible revenues due to the scraps and to the recycling of components, although totally different methods are pursued. Some kind of security to ensure that decommissioning occurs is required, normally a bond. The bond amount is a debt investment in which an investor loans money to an entity (corporate or governmental) that borrows the funds for a defined period of time at a fixed interest rate. In Italy the bond requirements are generally high and it has to be paid completely for the permit issuance. In order to develop significant projects, this kind of approach leads to discourage small investors. On the contrary, in Sweden the current amount of 300.000 SEK per turbine according to the court precedent, the most widespread during the approval of the permit, is definitely low and represent a level playing field for every investor. Swedish regulations are also more flexible and only in the 28% of the cases studied between the years 2009 and 2012, the entire amount of the bond had to be assured before the installation. However, the malleability with regard to wind farms that do not need to provide any security, together with the low bond amount might endanger the decommissioning accomplishment.


Response to:

Podcast with Donovan Schaefer, 28 November 2016Interviewed by Christopher R. CotterTranscribed by Catrin J. SawfordAudio and transcript available at: https://religiousstudiesproject.com/podcast/is-secularism-a-world-religion/


Automatic Classification of Neural Data Juan Mart́ınez Gómez In this thesis we present a new solution for an automatic classification of the single-neuron activity. The study of the computational role of individual neurons underlying different cognitive process is a gold standard in Neuroscience. This type of analysis is done first, by recording the extracellular spikes of the neurons near the tip of a microelectrode and second, by isolating the spikes of the recorded cells based on the similarity of their shapes using a method called spike sorting. In recent years, important advances in microelectrode technology allow us now to perform massive parallel recordings using a high number of channels with the possibility to study the activity of large ensembles of neurons at a time. However, this fascinating opportunity introduces at the same time a challenge for the efficient and fast analysis of this data. In this research work, we address this problem by developing a new implementation for unsupervised spike sorting that improves the performance of a widely-used spike sorting algorithm, increasing the number of automatically identified neurons. Moreover, we developed a new testing platform which generates simulations of extracellular recordings including challenging conditions such as realistic noise, multi-unit activity -spikes of distant neurons impossible to be identified as single unitsor the presence of neurons with low firing rates. In summary, the results presented here provide contributions to the development of automated and efficient quantitative frameworks for the analysis of multiple-channel recordings that help us to understand single-neuron population codes.


Too often politicians try to fumble decisions through, playing havoc with money and trust. Democracy is not about pleasing the electors, but about politicians pushing for the changes needed tomorrow, taking responsibility and the necessary measures to see them through. As contemporary planning increasingly takes part through individual but gigantic projects rather than through a comprehensive, coordinated effort, this is even more important to understand. Fortunately, there are lessons to learn from experience collected through decades of research. Bent Flyvbjerg explains his views on the need for strong strategic governance, an open and honest democracy, and how he sees the role and responsibility of the critical researcher.


Mysopalacinae (zokors) is a group of fossorial rodents for which the taxonomy has yet to reach consensus. Furthermore, due to their fossorial lifestyle, little is known about their ecology. Molecular data are important to elucidate such aspects. In this paper, the complete mitochondrial DNA genome of Gansu zokor (Eospalax cansus) of the type found in Lintan, China was determined. The genome is 16,354 bp in length and consists of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and two main non-coding regions (the control region and the origin of the light strand replication), the gene composition and order of which are similar to most other mammals. The overall base composition is T 30.0%, C 24.2%, A 33.5%, and G 12.3%, with an A+T bias of 63.5%. These mitogenome sequence data are potentially important for evolutionary, population genetic, and ecological studies of the Mysopalacinae.


In this paper, the scattering parameters of two dipoles placed closely to a flat, homogeneous, biological tissue are characterized in the 2.4-GHz band. The impact of the presence of a flat phantom and of the height of a dipole above the phantom on the reflection coefficient is analyzed through measurements and simulations. The effect of the type of tissue on the reflection coefficient is also investigated by performing simulations for a range of relative permittivity and conductivity combinations spanning the whole range of human tissues at 2.4 GHz. A semiempirical path loss model, validated by measurements and simulations, is presented for wireless communication, for antenna heights from 2 mm up to 5 cm and antenna separations from 10 to 50 cm. Also, the influence of the relative permittivity and conductivity on the path loss is modeled, leading to a range of possible values and lower and upper boundaries for the path loss as a function of the antenna height. The combination of the range with the boundaries results in a best-case and worst-case path loss model for wireless body area networks. The models are validated with measurements on the torso of a human.


The Brazilian Cerrado biome comprises a vertically structured mosaic of grassland, shrubland, and woodland physiognomies with distinct phenology patterns. In this study, we investigated the utility of spectral vegetation indices in differentiating these physiognomies and in monitoring their seasonal dynamics. We obtained high spectral resolution reflectances, during the 2000 wet and dry seasons, over the major Cerrado types at Brasilia National Park (BNP) using the light aircraft-based Modland Quick Airborne Looks (MQUALS) package, consisting of a spectroradiometer and digital camera. Site-intensive biophysical and canopy structural measurements were made simultaneously at each of the Cerrado types including Cerrado grassland, shrub Cerrado, wooded Cerrado, Cerrado woodland, and gallery forest. We analyzed the spectral reflectance signatures, their first derivative analogs, and convolved spectral vegetation indices (VI) over all the Cerrado physiognomies. The high spectral resolution data were convolved to the MODIS, AVHRR, and ETM bandpasses and converted to the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) to simulate their respective sensors. Dry and wet season comparisons of the measured biophysical attributes were made with the reflectance and VI data for the different Cerrado physiognomies. We found that three major domains of Cerrado could be distinguished with the dry and wet season spectral signatures and vegetation indices. The EVI showed a higher sensitivity to seasonality than the NDVI; however, both indices displayed seasonal variations that were approximately one-half that found with the measured landscape green cover dynamics. Inter-sensor comparisons of seasonal dynamics, based on spectral bandpass properties, revealed the ETM-simulated VIs had the best seasonal discrimination capability, followed by MODIS and AVHRR. Differences between sensor bandpass-derived VI values, however, varied with Cerrado type and between dry and wet seasons, indicating the need for inter-sensor VI translation equations for effective multi-sensor applications. D 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.


A timing property of a distributed system is an assertion about the time intervals between events in executions of that system. There are three traditional approaches to determining timing properties of distributed systems: measurement, simulation, and analysis. Results from analysis can be symbolic and therefore much more general than results from measurement and simulation. For example, analysis can express the end-to-end delay of an atomic commitment protocol symbolically as a function of message delay and other system parameters. However, manual analysis of distributed algorithms is often tedious and error-prone. We have developed and implemented a state-exploration-based analysis that can automatically determine a large class of timing properties of distributed systems.


Recently, recommendations for the use of the Oncotype DX assay in estrogen receptor-positive node-negative breast cancer patients were incorporated into guidelines from both the American Society of Clinical Oncology and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network. The Oncotype DX assay is a diagnostic test which measures changes in a set of 21 genes in order to predict the likelihood of disease recurrence and also to predict which patients are most likely to respond to chemotherapy. Oncotype DX has been available commercially since January 2004 and has been used for more than 85,000 patients. Drs. William J. Gradishar, Nora M. Hansen, and Barbara Susnik answered questions regarding the incorporation of the Oncotype DX breast cancer assay into routine clinical practice. This expert dialog offers an update and clinical insights into when, how, and why clinicians might incorporate the Oncotype DX assay into the management of their breast cancer patients. Also, the latest research into the benefit of the Oncotype DX assay in node-positive patients is discussed. Finally, sample case studies offer clinically relevant examples of the practical application of the Oncotype DX assay.


We have developed an experiment to study the propagation of laboratory-synthesized fatigue cracks under various controlled conditions during Sonic IR inspection. The experiment provides for good repeatability in testing. The parameters of interest include the initial crack length, load history (stress intensity and load ratio) during crack generation, geometry of the crack, material and also the various conditions involving the ultrasonic excitation source. In general, we find that under typical sonic IR inspection conditions, the initial crack will propagate under sonic IR testing. The crack growth after each inspection event varies and exhibits a distribution in length of propagation. The results show that the average crack propagation decreases with increasing stress intensity factor, and we test two hypotheses about the cause of this. Furthermore, we find that crack propagation is affected by the initial crack length.


Plankton is at the bottom of the food chain. Microscopic phytoplankton account for about 50% of all photosynthesis on Earth, corresponding to 50 billion tons of carbon each year, or about 125 billion tonnes of sugar[1]. Plankton is also the food for most species of fish, and therefore it represents the backbone of the aquatic environment. Thus, monitoring plankton is paramount to infer potential dangerous changes to the ecosystem. In this work we use a collection of plankton species extracted from a large dataset of images from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), to establish a basic set of morphological features for supporting the use of plankton as a biosensor. Using a perturbation detection approach, we show that it is possible to detect deviation from the average space of features for each species of plankton microorganisms, that we propose could be related to environmental threat or perturbations. Such an approach can open the way for the development of an automatic Artificial Intelligence (AI) based system for using plankton as biosensor.


Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent primary brain cancer in the pediatric and adult population. It is known as an untreatable tumor in urgent need of new therapeutic approaches. The objective of this work was to develop multifunctional nanomedicines to treat GBM in clinical practice using combination therapy for several targets. We developed multifunctional nanopolymers (MNPs) based on a naturally derived biopolymer, poly(β-L-malic) acid, which are suitable for central nervous system (CNS) treatment. These MNPs contain several anticancer functional moieties with the capacity of crossing the blood–brain barrier (BBB), targeting GBM cells and suppressing two important molecular markers, tyrosine kinase transmembrane receptors EGFR/EGFRvIII and c-Myc nuclear transcription factor. The reproducible syntheses of MNPs where monoclonal antibodies are replaced with AP-2 peptide for effective BBB delivery were presented. The active anticancer inhibitors of mRNA/protein syntheses were Morpholino antisense oligonucleotides (AONs). Two ways of covalent AON-polymer attachments with and without disulfide bonds were explored. These MNPs bearing AONs to EGFR/EGFRvIII and c-Myc, as well as in a combination with the polymer-attached checkpoint inhibitor anti-PD-1 antibody, orchestrated a multi-pronged attack on intracranial mouse GBM to successfully block tumor growth and significantly increase survival of brain tumor-bearing animals.


Few reports from Africa suggest that resistance pattern, virulence factors and genotypes differ between Staphylococcus aureus from nasal carriage and clinical infection. We therefore compared antimicrobial resistance, selected virulence factors and genotypes of S. aureus from nasal carriage and clinical infection in Southwest Nigeria. Non-duplicate S. aureus isolates were obtained from infection (n = 217) and asymptomatic carriers (n = 73) during a cross sectional study in Lagos and Ogun States, Nigeria from 2010–2011. Susceptibility testing was performed using Vitek automated systems. Selected virulence factors were detected by PCR. The population structure was assessed using spa typing. The spa clonal complexes (spa-CC) were deduced using the Based Upon Repeat Pattern algorithm (BURP). Resistance was higher for aminoglycosides in clinical isolates while resistances to quinolones and tetracycline were more prevalent in carrier isolates. The Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) was more frequently detected in isolates from infection compared to carriage (80.2 vs 53.4%; p<0.001, chi2-test). Seven methicillin resistant S. aureus isolates were associated with spa types t002, t008, t064, t194, t8439, t8440 and t8441. The predominant spa types among the methicillin-susceptible S. aureus isolates were t084 (65.5%), t2304 (4.4%) and t8435 (4.1%). spa-CC 084 was predominant among isolates from infection (80.3%, n = 167) and was significantly associated with PVL (OR = 7.1, 95%CI: 3.9–13.2, p<0.001, chi2- test). In conclusion, PVL positive isolates were more frequently detected among isolates from infection compared to carriage and are associated with spa-CC 084.


The debate in using computer technology in teaching for improving students' performance remains uncertain for university instructors. This study provides empirical evidence on the effect of using computer technology in teaching a management accounting course at a state university in Jordan. It develops a base model for predicting students' performance in the course and expands it to incorporate a variable capturing the use of computer technology in presenting the materials of this course to the students. In the base model, students' performance in the mid-semester was found to be a good predictor for performance in the final examination. There was no evidence that the performance in an introductory course or the role of gender may lead to better students' performance in the final examination. In the expanded model, there was evidence that using computer technology in teaching management accounting course improves students' performance in the final examination relative to both the performance in the mid-semester examination and the grade in the introductory accounting course.


Purpose

The case aims around transition and threats to survival in a brick kiln family business. Second, it stimulates an understanding on the need toward collective decision making by the family during the maturity stage of the family business. The purpose of this paper besides addressing entrepreneurship is to examine the "family-ness" in a family business and its benefits, the transition management issues and to understand the difficulties in handling conflicts during succession and transition cycle in a closely held family business.

Design/methodology/approach

The case is based on primary research, which is exploratory and secondary information followed by testing the case several times. To authenticate information, multiple sources of information with individual interviews both structured and unstructured at different levels have been used in a time frame of over one year.

Findings

The competency of the business purely lies in the quality of the product, utilization of market opportunity, harnessing capability, honesty and complete involvement in business. Undoubtedly, the family business has reflected growth but its existence in near future is doubtful due to certain exogenous uncontrollable factors, such as restriction by government regulation. The subsequent generation desires to actively participate in the family business. However, it is constrained by the new government regulations and the business life cycle. Thus, the family is reluctantly compelled to start focusing on newer alternatives or business ideas. Transitions, both in business and in family, have posed a challenge to the founder. Should the family continue in the same business with added constraints or the next generation starts building on a new idea as an option and spin-off from existing family business? These are scenarios for trade-offs.

Research limitations/implications

The case is restricted to transition in business and in family, within a traditional family business of brick kilns. It is about a strategic choice impending with the founder and his siblings. Interpretations may be connected with related family businesses; however, riders exist, as different firms falling under different industry verticals undergo unique scenarios.

Practical implications

The outcome of the research-based case study shall assist entrepreneurs in the brick kiln industry to understand transition issues and challenges imposed upon due to changing government regulations.

Social implications

Implications exist for practitioners who may like to anticipate conflict arising due to transition and have mitigation techniques in place.

Originality/value

The case is original, while the new generation is looking to switch or diversify the business.


Since the insects began fighting back in 1947,1the war against them has demanded an increasingly diversified armamentarium, and the organic phosphate insecticides have played an important part in the battle. Unfortunately, this group of compounds, an outgrowth of wartime investigation of the chemically related nerve gases, are poisonous to man as well as to insects. For toxicologic purposes, they may be roughly divided into the highly toxic group, exemplified by parathion (O,O-diethyl-O-p-nitrophenyl thiophosphate) and TEPP (tetraethyl pyrophosphate), and those with less toxicity, such as malathion (O,O-dimethyl dithiophosphate of diethyl mercaptosuccinate). The former group is used primarily for agricultural insect control, whereas the latter compound has been approved for household use as well. The incidence of human poisoning by organic phosphorus insecticides appears to be increasing in frequency. In 1957 in California3there were 229 cases of occupational disease ascribed to organic phosphate insecticides, including one


Rudyard Kipling was the product of a globalizing world. Aiming consciously to establish himself as an international author, he translated himself to the literary metropole from a marginal colonial background. However, his migration led him to register in his metropolitan writings a sense of cultural dislocation, jarring imperial Europe from the central position it presumed to occupy. This article draws on Marxist literary theory to locate the cause of this fin-de-siècle malaise as a tension between the universalizing power of western capital and its concomitant erosion of cultural diversity. Although Kipling's peregrinations lead to a juggling of identities and poetic masks, he exploited this dynamic to assert himself as an articulator of identity who was ideally placed to respond to the crisis of alienation and anomie that he sensed was besetting European culture. This theme is explored through Kipling's writings up to Kim. The concluding section discursively compares these writings with theosophical texts.


Neurofeedback (NFB) relies on neurosignals for the estimation of brain activity. There exist a wide
variety of NFB applications that use one type of neurosignals like fMRI or electroencephalography
(EEG). Recently, the combination of two or more neurosignals has been receiving a lot of attention
in the research community, but still very few multi-modal NFB applications exist. This is primarily
because of the lack of commercial multi-modal NFB systems and the associated technical
difficulties in building them.
Here we are going to describe a bi-modal EEG and fMRI NFB platform that we have build in our
lab. Our platform is designed to maximize modularity and parallel processing in order to be able
to provide real-time NFB with high level of synchronization and minimal delays. We have
successfully used our platform to conduct over 100 uni-modal and bi-modal NFB experiments
with more than 30 healthy subjects.


The total federal research spending in the United States was close to $130 billion in the year 2015. National Science Foundation (NSF) is a leading non-defense agency that defines the trends in scientific and engineering research. Among the mandatory sections of grant proposals written to NSF include Scientific Merit, Broader Impact, and Dissemination Plan. The rationale behind including broader impacts section is twofold (a) ensuring a wide area of impact for the proposed research and (b) justifying the investment of public funds in the proposed research. Journal publications and conference presentations are commonly used as elements in the dissemination plans. With ubiquitous presence of smartphones and tablet devices, the outreach and dissemination plan can be transformed to reach a wider set of audience. However, opportunities for interacting with news media and making use of internet based resources are utilized by only a small set of researchers. This presentation will cover aspects related to interacting with news media through general purpose articles, videos, and interviews developed for people that may not have scientific background. Scientists carry the responsibility of making a strong case to lawmakers and general public for increasing the investment of tax dollars in research and development. Such efforts can only be successful when a larger set of people can understand the direct or indirect benefits of the research outcomes.


BACKGROUND
Developmental changes in the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis during infancy have been reported in term infants, but those in preterm infants have yet to be elucidated. If developmental changes in the HPA axis of preterm infants are modulated by any factors, it may affect their future health. Few studies have examined the lasting consequences of antenatal glucocorticoids on the development of the HPA axis.

METHODS
We measured pre- and post-palivizumab vaccination salivary cortisol values in two conforming periods of three-months intervals during infancy, and compared cortisol values and the response of cortisol secretion between groups with and without antenatal glucocorticoid (AG) therapy.

RESULTS
Although the strength of the response of cortisol secretion to palivizumab fell age-dependently (until late infancy) in the Non-AG group, the opposite pattern was exhibited in the AG group. The changes of the delta cortisol values between the 2 groups were significant.

CONCLUSIONS
This study suggests that the HPA axis of preterm infants whose mothers receive AG therapy may be upregulated during infancy, possibly leading to long lasting health problems.


Cognitive radio has been put forward to make efficient use of scarce radio frequency spectrum. A testbed for cognitive radio can not only verify concepts, algorithms, and protocols, but also dig out more practical problems for future research. However, to our best knowledge, an authentic real-time cognitive radio system has never been demonstrated. In order to build a cognitive radio network testbed, four popular commercial off-the-shelf hardware platforms are investigated. Unfortunately, none of them meets our needs. Thus, an architecture of the motherboard and a functional architecture for nodes of cognitive radio network testbeds, as well as an architecture for cognitive radio network testbeds, are proposed. With the proposed architectures, a cognitive radio network testbed is being built at Tennessee Technological University.


This brief proposes a fast multispeed comma-free Reed-Solomon (CFRS) decoder for the frame synchronization and code-group identification in the cell search of the Third Generation Partnership Project wide-band code-division multiple access/frequency division duplexing (W-CDMA/FDD) system. A foldable systolic array is proposed to achieve fast decoding and provide flexible tradeoffs between power consumption, chip size, and decoding latency. Multispeed decoding, an idea that is useful for cell search in different application scenarios, can also be achieved with the same array architecture. The proposed CFRS decoder is implemented in a 3.3-V 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS technology with 2.2 /spl times/ 2.2 mm/sup 2/ core area and power dissipation of 13.3 and 1.23 mW in high- and low-speed decoding modes, respectively.


Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) provides a standard to facilitate interoperability among medical devices from the perspective of hardware and software. Though DICOM is widely adopted by medical device manufacturers, it does not specify risk management details in developing medical device software. This paper hypothesizes that this shortage of DICOM can be complemented by the risk management process area of CMMI® at maturity level 3. The objective of this research is to integrate DICOM information model with risk management process area of CMMI® for radiotherapy applications. This research will enable the developers of radiotherapy applications to define and mitigate risks effectively.


Organic and inorganic polymers nanostructured by molecular imprinting yield functional materials for detecting engine oil degradation. Using both fresh and waste oils as templates, respectively, allows us to selectively tune the polymer to incorporate either fresh or used lubricant. FT-IR studies on polymer pellets prove bulk incorporation of the analyte. By the same strategy sensitive materials can be designed for selectively determining fuel in the engine oil. Waste oil selective sensor layers yield signals that are clearly correlated both to the oil age (known from test stand measurements) and standard oil parameters, such as the total base number (TBN). TBN and sensors additionally show the same time behavior


Qualitative abnormalities of spontaneous motor activity in new-borns and young infants are early predictive markers for later spastic cerebral palsy. Aim of this research was to identify which motor patterns may be specific for later dyskinetic cerebral palsy. In a large, prospectively performed longitudinal study involving four European hospitals we identified twelve cases with the relatively rare condition of dyskinetic cerebral palsy and compared their early motor development with twelve spastic cerebral palsy cases and twelve controls. From birth to the fifth month post-term, all infants were repeatedly videoed and their sponta-neous motor patterns, including general movements, were assessed. Until the second month post-term, the infants that later became dyskinetic displayed a poor repertoire of general movements, "arm movements in circles" and finger spreading. Abnormal arm and finger movements remained until at least five months and were then concurrent with a lack of arm and leg movements towards the midline. Later dyskinetic infants share with later spastic infants the absence of fidgety movements, a spontaneous movement pattern that is normally present from three to five months. Qualitative assessment of spontaneous motor patterns enabled us to identify infants at high risk for dyski-netic cerebral palsy early in life. Additionally, we were able to discriminate them from those infants at high risk for later spastic cerebral palsy. This is a matter of significant clinical relevance because the two types of cerebral palsy ask for different management and early intervention.


INTRODUCTION
A 4-year old male Australian Cattle Dog involved in a road traffic accident was presented with severe polytrauma to the Small Animal Clinic, University of Zurich. He was presented in hemorrhagic shock, with an initial lactate of 10.3mmol/l and ongoing bleeding from multiple injury sites. Acute traumatic coagulopathy diagnosed with ROTEM within one hour after accident showed marked hypocoagulation and hyperfibrinolysis. Treatment with a total dose of 40mg/kg of tranexamic acid intravenously resulted in successful elimination of hyperfibrinolysis in the following, serially measured ROTEM tracings.