DESIGN AND IN SITU TESTING OF A PIEZOMETER SYSTEM TO MEASURE EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED PORE-PRESSURE CHANGES By Robert Farrell University of New Hampshire, May 2003 Pore pressure changes have been measured in fine sand deposits that are known to have liquefied during earthquakes. Some of the measured signals have not been similar to what was expected during earthquake-induced liquefaction. Using artificially generated signals, several investigators have attempted to determine if existing piezometer fields designed to measure earthquake induced pore pressure changes are operating correctly. The signals generated during one investigation were not similar to those expected from an earthquake. In another investigation, while the generated signals were similar to ones expected from an earthquake, the results were not reproducible; the generated signals damaged the aquifer being tested and damaged or destroyed some piezometers being tested. This thesis describes the design and field-testing of a piezometer system that allows in situ testing of the screens on the piezometer, and in situ calibration of the transducer. An intergral part of this system is a signal generating system that generates a signal with frequencies similar to those expected from an earthquake. The generated signal has been detected in piezometers at least 20 feet from the source and at depths of at least 15 feet deeper than the source. The signal has been demonstrated to be reproducible through time with no measurable damage to the xv Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. aquifer or the piezometers. It has been possible to investigate the ability o f an existing piezometer field to detect earthquake-like signals and to demonstrate changes over time of some piezometers in their ability to detect earthquake-like signals. A detailed procedure for installing a piezometer array for liquefaction studies is presented.


After reviewing briefly the health legislation of the last 25 years, the author of this paper sets out the mandate of the Quebec Federation of Residents and Interns (FMRIQ), which has a membership of 1,800 physicians engaged in post-doctoral education. He then presents the Federation's guidelines for the analysis of this legislation and the criticisms the Federation has to offer of the spirit and letter of Bill No. 1292 (June 2, 1982), which is linked to Law 27 (December 1981) and to Law 75 (June 19, 1986), as well as the solutions it proposes for unifying the medical regulations in its constituency. On the basis of its original position in the Quebec health-care system, the Federation calls on all interested parties for a show of strength and participation in dialogue.


Wastewater from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (Mexico) was
treated by a coagulation-flocculation using natural gums. The residual water
was characterized in terms of organic load, and biological contaminants, i.e. total Coliforms (TC), fecal
Coliforms (FC) and helminth eggs (HE). The sample has values of 2.8 × 107 MPN/100 ml, 8.48 × 106 MPN/100 ml and 470 HE/L is regarded to TC, FC and
HH, respectively. The HE identified in the wastewaters were Diphyllobothrium latum, Ascaris lumbricoides, Hymenolepis nana and Toxocara canis. From several gums, Hydroxypropyl
triammonium chloride guar gum (HPTAC-guar) was selected as the most adequate
coagulant-flocculant for the class of municipal wastewater (MWW). A diminution
of 82% for TC, 94% for FC and 99% for HE was obtained. Besides, the reduction
of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and turbidity removals were 46% and 39%
respectively. The natural gum mixed with Ca(OH)2, obtained removals
of 52% for TC, 100% for HE, 47% for COD and 30% for turbidity.


This report was written for the design of a battery tray and manufacturing process for S&G Metal Fab. The manufacturing steps of how to process the sheet metal to create the product are defined and documented in this report. This project began with constraints given by S&G and were all accomplished using coursework knowledge obtained as a manufacturing engineer student at Cal Poly San Luis Obispo. This report mainly covers parameters regarding the cutting, bending and, deforming of sheet metal to acquire the desired shapes and sizes. It also analyzes the costs that are associated with these processes and material. 5052 h32 aluminum sheet metal with a thickness of .090 " was used to create a battery tray that would be adequate for off-road use. This process was created to not exceed a production cost of $40 and not exceed a production time of two hours. All documentation of operation, part drawings, and routing sheets can be found in the report.


This study explores issues on post-adoption services in intercountry adoptions based on the perspectives of adoption professionals from Taiwan and Australia. Findings revealed that both birth and adoptive families identify service needs for material and emotional support and connection after the adoption process is finalized. However, the current lack of government funding for post-adoption services result in gaps in service delivery. Adoption agencies experience challenges in funding and balancing the interests of the child and the two families. Implications for practice and policy are discussed to enhance the quality of post-adoption services and improve the well-being of the adoption triad.


Brazilian telenovelas-popular prime-time serial melodramas-have traditionally used product placement to help finance production costs. In the last decade, this strategy has become a central force influencing narrative choices. This paper discusses product placement in Brazilian telenovelas through an in-depth analysis of a recent show, The Cattle King. Ethnographic data on its reception focuses on the role of gender, geographic location, and cultural capital in viewers' interpretations of textual insertions.


The study was aimed at finding out the changes occurred in different aspects of socioeconomic conditions of the framers due to adoption of rice production technologies. For the present study data were collected from 90 randomly selected farmers in three villages of Gourdwer union under Nakla upazila of Sherpur district with the help of interview schedule. Correlation and t-test were used to ascertain the relationship between the concerned dependent and independent variables. Findings revealed that about 51 percent of the farmers had medium adoption while 33 percent had high adoption of rice production technologies. Correlation analysis indicates that education, annual income showed significant positive relationships, and age and family size of the farmers showed significant negative relationships with their adoption of rice production technologies. Besides farm size did not show any significant relationship with their adoption. Findings also showed a significant increase in annual income (from Tk.88.82 thousand to Tk.109.26 thousand), food consumption expenditure (from Tk.17.35 thousand to Tk.20.41 thousand), housing environment (scores rose to 14.22 from 7.82) and family status of the framers (scores increased from 19.46 to 27.82). The differences between before and after changes in income, expenditure, housing environment score and family status score were statistically significant.


In the article, Mass Spectrometry Profiling of HLA-Associated Peptidomes in Mono-allelic Cells Enables More Accurate Epitope Prediction by Abelin et al. (1) which was published in the February 2017 issue of Immunity the authors present a novel methodological approach to define peptidomes presented on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I alleles. The MHC of man is called human leukocyte antigen (HLA), of mice, H2, and of rats, RT1, to name a few examples of names of the MHC of different species that are relevant for biomedical research.


The intrusion prediction for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is an unresolved problem. Hence, the current intrusion detection schemes cannot provide enough security for WSNs, which poses a number of security challenges in WSNs. In many mission-critical applications, such as battle field, even though the intrusion detection systems (IDSs) without prediction capability could detect the malicious activities afterwards, the damages to the WSNs have been generated and could hardly be restored. In addition, sensor nodes usually are resource constrained, which limits the direct adoption of expensive intrusion prediction algorithm. To address the above challenges, we propose an intelligent intrusion prediction scheme that is able to enforce accurate intrusion prediction. The proposed scheme exploits a novel three-layer brain-like hierarchical learning framework, tailors, and adapts it for WSNs with both performance and security requirements. The implementation system of the proposed scheme is designed based on agent technology. Moreover, an attack experiment is done for getting training and test data set. Experiment results show that the proposed scheme has several advantages in terms of efficiency of implementation and high prediction rate. To our best knowledge, this paper is the first to realize intrusion prediction for WSNs.


How to characterize information flows in physical, biological, and social systems remains a major theoretical challenge. Granger causality (GC) analysis has been widely used to investigate information flow through causal interactions. We address one of the central questions in GC analysis, that is, the reliability of the GC evaluation and its implications for the causal structures extracted by this analysis. Our work reveals that the manner in which a continuous dynamical process is projected or coarse-grained to a discrete process has a profound impact on the reliability of the GC inference, and different sampling may potentially yield completely opposite inferences. This inference hazard is present for both linear and nonlinear processes. We emphasize that there is a hazard of reaching incorrect conclusions about network topologies, even including statistical (such as small-world or scale-free) properties of the networks, when GC analysis is blindly applied to infer the network topology. We demonstrate this using a small-world network for which a drastic loss of small-world attributes occurs in the reconstructed network using the standard GC approach. We further show how to resolve the paradox that the GC analysis seemingly becomes less reliable when more information is incorporated using finer and finer sampling. Finally, we present strategies to overcome these inference artifacts in order to obtain a reliable GC result.


This paper uses Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) in estimating speed and controlling it for a separately excited DC motor. The rotor speed of the dc motor can be made to follow an arbitrarily selected trajectory. The purpose is to achieve accurate trajectory control of the speed, especially when the motor and load parameters are unknown.

Such a neural control scheme consists of two parts. One is the neural identifier which is used to estimate the motor speed. The other is the neural controller which is used to generate a control signal for a converter. These two neural networks are trained by Levenberg-Marquardt back-propagation algorithm. ANNs used in this are the standard three layers feedforward neural network with sigmoid activation functions in the input and hidden layers while linear activation function is employed for the output layer.

The conventional constant gain feedback controller fails to maintain the performance of the system at acceptable levels under unknown dynamics in load torque. On the other hand, ANNs act as an effective tool to implement the model and adaptive control in a complicated non-linear system having expansive allocations.

The adaptive learning algorithm is formed in such a way that the learning rate is as large as possible while maintaining the stability of the learning process. This simplifies the learning process in terms of computation time, which is of special importance in real-time implementation.


grammar, seeking to reconcile the differing ways in which they have been treated in the past by proposing a method of analysis grounded in simplification based on Simplest Merge. The volume provides an up-to-date review of the existing literature on adjuncts and outlines their characteristic properties and the subsequent difficulties in adequately defining and treating them. The book compares previous attempts to account for adjuncts which have tended to use additional mechanisms or syntactic operations as a jumping-off point from which to propose a new way forward for analyzing them grounded in minimalist theory. Adopting an approach in the spirit of the strong minimalist thesis (SMT), Bode suggests an analysis of adjuncts that applies a minimalist approach based on theoretical simplicity, one which does not resort to extra mechanisms in capturing the empirical properties of adjuncts. Offering a comprehensive overview of research on adjuncts and foundational minimalist principles, this book will be of particular interest to graduate students and practicing researchers interested in syntax.


The potential usage of almond shell (P. dulcis), which is an agricultural waste product, in the removal of malachite green from aqueous solutions was evaluated with respect to various experimental parameters including contact time, initial malachite green concentration, temperature, adsorbent concentration, etc. The adsorption kinetics of malachite green fitted well the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The monolayer adsorption capacity of almond shell was found to be 29.0 mg g−1. The adsorption of malachite green onto almond shell increased with raising the temperature. From the experimental results, almond shell could be employed as a low cost and easily available adsorbent for removal of malachite green in wastewater treatment process.


This article offers a critical assessment of the challenges for policy- and practice-oriented social research of 'diffractive methodology' (DM): a post-representational approach to data analysis gaining interest among social researchers. Diffractive analyses read data from empirical research alongside other materials – including researchers' perspectives, memories, experiences, and emotions – to provide novel insights on events. While this analytical approach acknowledges the situatedness of all research data, it raises issues concerning the applicability of findings for policy or practice. In addition, it does not elucidate in what ways and to what extent the diffractions employed during analysis have influenced the findings. To explore these questions, we diffract DM itself, by reading it alongside a DeleuzoGuattarian analysis of research-as-assemblage. This supplies a richer understanding of the entanglements between research and its subject-matter, and suggests how diffractive analysis may be used in conjunction with other methods in practice- and policy-oriented research.


A pair of unidirectionally conducting screens, conducting in different directions, constitute a planar helix. The planar helix is proposed as a slow-wave structure for application in a traveling-wave tube (TWT). Field theory is applied to analyze the behavior of the planar helix in the presence of a flat electron beans present between the two screens. Results indicate the presence of three modes, with one mode having a negative attenuation constant, as in the case of the usual helix-type TWT. Curves are shown for a typical proposed planar TWT. Also, the effect of beam current is indicated.


: Acute leukaemias have traditionally been classified according to the nature of the predominating cells as judged by cytomorphology and cytochemistry. A codification of this classification into M1-M7 for myeloid cases (AML), proposed by the FAB group of haematologists, has been used extensively in the past decade. Some criticisms of this codification are presented and other approaches to classification are discussed. Among these are included the potential importance of multiple lineage expression, measurements of cell differentiation using cytochemical criteria, surface antigenic differences as demonstrated by the use of monoclonal antibodies and the growing contribution of cytogenetics. A simplified classification into broad groups is proposed. These groups may be further elaborated as appropriate.


In this critical review we survey non-covalent interactions of carbon nanotubes with molecular species from a chemical perspective, particularly emphasising the relationship between the structure and dynamics of these structures and their functional properties. We demonstrate the synergistic character of the nanotube–molecule interactions, as molecules that affect nanotube properties are also altered by the presence of the nanotube. The diversity of mechanisms of molecule–nanotube interactions and the range of experimental techniques employed for their characterisation are illustrated by examples from recent reports. Some practical applications for carbon nanotubes involved in non-covalent interactions with molecules are discussed.


The New Testament is of prime importance for understanding early Jewish and Christian messianism and eschatology. Yet often the New Testament presumes a background and context of belief without fully articulating it. Early Jewish and Christian messianism and eschatology, after all, did not emerge in a vacuum; they developed out of early Jewish hopes that had their roots in the Old Testament. A knowledge of early Jewish literature, and especially of the Dead Sea Scrolls from Qumran, is essential for understanding the shape of these ideas at the turn of the era. In this book, the inaugural volume in the Studies in the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature series, Craig Evans and Peter Flint have assembled eight essays from outstanding scholars who address this issue from a variety of angles. After an introduction by the editors, successive essays deal with the Old Testament foundations of messianism; the figure of Daniel at Qumran; the Teacher of Righteousness; the expectation of the end in the Scrolls; and Jesus, Paul, and John seen in light of Qumran.


This study investigated preservice secondary mathematics teachers ' ((PSTs)beliefs about teaching mathematics with technology,the experiences in which those beliefs were grounded,and how those beliefs were held.Beliefs were defined as dispositions to act. Coherentism and the metaphor of a belief system provided a conceptual framework through which the PSTs ' beliefs were seen as sensible systems..Coherentism was posited as an alternative way of interpreting apparent inconsistencies between teacher 's beliefs and their practice.Through the qualitative research methodology called ground theory, four PSTs were purposefully selected and studied.Data stories were written that demonstrated the organization and structure of the PSTs ' belief systems..From an analysis of the PSTs ' experiences with technology,,a theory was posited that focused on the PSTs ' ownership of learning mathematics with technology..Experience,knowledge, and confidence were the primary factors that constituted ownership.The primary dimensions of the PSTs ' core beliefs with respect to technology,,referred to as their beliefs about the nature of technology in the classroom,were the availability of technology,the purposeful use of technology,and the importance of teacher knowledge of technology.The PSTs envisioned technology playing a multitude of roles in their classroom.Motivational roles of technology were nonmathematical in nature and were closely tied to the PSTs ' beliefs that effective teachers motivated their students to learn and used a variety of teaching methods.Procedural roles involved using technology to execute calculations or procedures that could also be (and often were)done by hand. Conceptual roles facilitated the visualization and exploration of mathematics.The more PSTs wanted to focus on conceptual understanding and wanted students to take responsibility for that understanding,the more they were concerned about their own ability to facilitate such learning and the need for technology availability.The more PSTs focused on procedural understanding in mathematics and on teacher-centered lessons,the more they were concerned about students misusing technology and failing to learn the procedures.


Background A method of displaying coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography, which enables evaluation of coronary artery disease (CAD) with fewer images and is understandable to the third person, is preferable. Methods and Results A maximum intensity projection image was created in which contrast media in the ventricles is eliminated, enabling an overview of CAD in a single 3-dimensional (D) image that can be rotated to be viewed at various angles and is easily understood by a third person. Conclusions A novel method of displaying coronary CT angiography in a single 3-D image has been developed and we believe it should become available for many workstations. (Circ J 2006; 70: 1661 - 1662)


Introduction In Italy about 45% of people aged ≥18 years are overweight/obese and might thus be more susceptible to the adverse health effects of air pollution exposure. Particulate matter ≤10 µm (PM10) represents a common pollutant of living and working environments and has been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and hypercoagulability. Extracellular vesicles (EV) might play an important role in PM-related CVD, as they can travel in body fluids and transfer miRNAs between cells. We investigated whether PM10 exposure is associated with changes in fibrinogen levels, EV release, and EV-miRNA content in a large sample of overweight/obese adults. Methods EV concentrations were quantified by nanoparticle tracking analysis and flow cytometry. To identify altered levels of EV-miRNAs, we profiled miRNAs of 883 subjects by the QuantStudio 12K Flex Real Time PCR System. The top 40 EV-miRNAs were validated through custom miRNA plates. Statistical analyses included multiple linear regressions, mediation analysis and bioinformatics analysis. Results In a sample of 1630 overweight/obese subjects from the SPHERE ( S usceptibility to P article H ealth E ffects, mi R NAs and E xosomes) study, short-term exposure to PM10 was associated with increased release of EVs, especially those from monocyte/macrophage components (CD14+) and platelets (CD61+). Nine EV-miRNAs (let-7c-5p; miR-106a-5p; miR-143–3 p; miR-185–5 p; miR-218–5 p; miR-331–3 p; miR-642–5 p; miR-652–3 p; miR-99b-5p) were downregulated in response to PM10 exposure and exhibited putative roles in CVD. Five of these nine EV-miRNAs were mediators in the positive association between PM10 exposure and fibrinogen levels. Conclusions Our study sheds some light on the potential mechanisms underlying the adverse cardiovascular health effects of air pollution exposure. Our results were obtained in a hypersusceptible population and thus strengthen the relevance of health promotion interventions for both the general public and the working population, as they might be particularly feasible in the workplace.


Introduction This audit assesses the management of women with one previous Caesarean section (CS) at the Royal Infirmary Edinburgh (RIE) compared to the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) guideline 'birth after previous Caesarean birth'1 and rate of vaginal births after Caesarean section (VBAC) compared to national rates. Materials and Methods All women delivered at the RIE between 21 January 2009 and 6 May 2009 at term with one previous CS were eligible. A prospective case note analysis was carried out using a standardised questionnaire. Data were collected regarding antenatal care, labour and delivery. Results 158 women were included. The overall VBAC rate was 42% and 71% in women with one previous vaginal delivery. 73% of women aiming for a VBAC were successful. 74% of CS were elective. Most common recorded indications were maternal request for elective CS (24%) and delay in first stage for emergency CS (41%). One case of uterine rupture occurred. Antenatal counselling was documented in 86% and carried out by a consultant in 61%. Most patients (98%) were managed on labour ward. Conclusion The overall VBAC rate (42%) compared well with current national rates of 33%. The success rate in women intending a VBAC (73%) was as quoted by the RCOG (72–76%). Recommendations may be made to further encourage VBACs: (1) Improved documentation regarding counselling and indication for CS; (2) Patient information leaflet to be received at primary CS and booking; (3) Communication workshop for trainees counselling regarding VBAC.


Abstract:Lerna and the Lower Citadel of Tiryns are key sites for understanding the Early Helladic II–III transition in the northeastern Peloponnese. We argue that the differences between the two settlements do not reflect chronological variation, but rather the ways in which each settlement responded to events ca. 2200 b.c. The ceramic and architectural sequences are used to illustrate the divergent strategies practiced by the inhabitants of each site. Lerna III–IV epitomizes the renegotiation of social values during a period when centralized decision-making and coordination of economic activities was disintegrating. Activities in the coeval Lower Citadel of Tiryns, on the other hand, reflect the maintenance of continuity in a domestic setting.


Background: Two
species of genus Marrubium belonging to the family Lamiaceae, were
studied for their volatile components.

Methods: The
essential oils were extracted from aerial parts of the plants through
hydrodistillation using a Clevenger apparatus. Later, CG and CG-MS analysis
were applied to assess the chemical components of the essential oils.

Results: Analysis of the
M. propinquum essential oil resulted in the identification of 22
components, representing 79.6% of the total essential oil that principally
contained oleic acid (19%), β-caryophyllene (7.4%) and m-tolualdehyde (5.2%).
In the case of M. parviflorum, 20 components were identified,
representing 83% of the M. parviflorum essential oil, among them oleic
acid (11.8%), α-pinene (10.2%) and germacrene D (9.8%) were the main compounds.

Conclusion: Regarding the results of this study in both
essential oils after the non terpenoids, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons possessed
the uppermost portion of the oils. We found some similarities and differences
between M. propinquum and M. parviflorum essential oils and also
in comparison with other species of genus Marrubium which might be due
to different parameters such as agrotechnical factors.


This paper focuses on the evaluation of local development in an institutional context, with an attempt to grasp and reconcile the baseline features of 21st century local development with the aim to establish a common baseline approach for assessing Community Led Local Development (CLLD) during the 2014-2020 programming period of the structural funds.It is the first time that regulatory provisions are considering the local level of public intervention as a mandatory approach to be adopted by all Member States.Within the broad spectrum of EU funding instruments, CLLD offers relatively low operational costs and strong social resilience. Simplified EU support can be entrusted to CLLD in order to unleash local social capital, a rich ferment to innovative solutions for sustainable development and better social justice. Added value could be ascertained through adjusted Quality of Life indicators built and monitored with participatory development techniques.


The synthesis and characterization of pyrolyzed carbon-supported transition metal/nitrogen (M–Nx/C) material based on FeCo alloy and Polypyrrol as source of N atoms are presented. Two different synthetic protocols, a multi-step and a novel one pot single-step approach are compared. In both approaches two different Fe:Co ratio (50:50 and 75:25) were used to obtain Pt-free FeCo-Polypyrrole nanocomposites supported on porous carbon (FeCo/Ppy@C). Structural and morphological characterizations of the samples before and after pyrolysis were carried out by using X-Ray Powder Diffracion, Infrared Spectroscopy and High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy. For both approaches, nanoparticles with a core shell structure but different size and matrix polidispersivity were observed after pyrolysis when a Fe:Co 50:50 ratio was used. Bigger nanoparticles were obtained after pyrolysis in the 75:25 ratio samples, with no significant differences between the two approaches. The electrocatalytical properties of the final samples, investigated by cyclic voltammetry in an acidic electrolyte, showed the presence of a cathodic current density. Copyright © 2019 VBRI Press.


This report presents the results of the project and provides details of the response of a range of residential smoke alarm technologies in a controlled laboratory test and in a series of real-scale tests conducted in two different residential structures. The data developed in this study include measurement of temperature and smoke obscuration in addition to gas concentrations for a range of fire scenarios and residences. The results are intended to provide both insight into siting and response characteristics of residential smoke alarms and a set of reference data for future enhancements to alarm technology based on fires from current materials and constructions. Smoke alarms of either the ionization type or the photoelectric type consistently provide time for occupants to escape from most residential fires, although in some cases the escape time provided can be short. Consistent with prior findings, ionization type alarms provide somewhat better response to flaming fires than photoelectric alarms, and photoelectric alarms provide (often) considerably faster response to smoldering fires than ionization type alarms. Escape times in this study were systematically shorter than those found in a similar study conducted in the 1970's. This is related to some combination of faster fire development times for today's products that provide the main fuel sources for fires, such as upholstered furniture and mattresses, different criteria for time to untenable conditions, and improved understanding of the speed and range of threats to tenability.


The classical approach in particle physics is based on the fact that the electron has some parameters like charge, mass, etc. but does not have a structure. In our calculations, the electron is assumed as structured particle having magnetic properties. VFRT (Vortex Fractal Ring Theory) uses the electron, proton, and neutron as a particle with a toroidal (ring) shape, which is formed by fractal substructures connected to each other by vortex electromagnetic fields. The atomic nucleus can be built from the ring protons and neutrons. Combining knowledge of physical chemistry, evolutionary optimization, 3D graphic, programming in Python, and mathematics makes it possible to create programs for designing new nanostructure models. The first testing proposal for the nanostructure prediction program is limited to carbon structures. The aim was to verify whether the proposed program is capable of generating known carbon nanostructures, such as graphene. The following versions of the program will no longer have this limitation. Copyright © 2019 VBRI Press.


Increasing business conditions in the second quarter of 2017 and the number of businesses in Indonesia that increase each year, make the competition tighter and increase the number of competitors. In order to compete and survive in the fierce competition, an effort is needed that can help solve the problem. One of the solutions is to find people who can help in deal with problems and exchange ideas to grow the business. In this context, a business coach is the person. Business coaches will help to develop selfpotential and become coach as well as companion in exchange of knowledge and information. Thus, will open his mind and be able to issue ideas that can grow his business. However, there are still many who do not believe in the role of a coach who can help to develop self potential. Thus, the trust between the coach and his client must be built first. The trust between these coach-clients can be obtained from authentic leadership perceived or owned by a coach. This study aims to determine the relationship of authentic leadership to coaching efficacy. The population in this study is business coaches in Indonesia and the sample is 100 business coaches. The research method used is quantitative method. Study results indicate authentic leadership has a positive relationship to coaching efficacy. Business coaches are expected to improve self-awareness and technique during business coaching sessions.


Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by neurofibrillary tangles and extracellular amyloid-β plaques (Aβ). Despite ongoing research, some ambiguity remains surrounding the role of Aβ in the pathogenesis of this neurodegenerative disease. While several studies have focused on the mutations associated with AD, our understanding of the epigenetic contributions to the disease remains less clear. To that end, we determined the changes in DNA methylation in differentiated human neurons with and without Aβ treatment. We isolated the DNA from neurons treated with Aβ or vehicle, and digested the two samples with either a methylation-sensitive (HpaII) or a methylation-insensitive (MspI) restriction endonuclease. The fragments were amplified and cohybridized to a commercial promoter microarray. Data analysis revealed a subset of genomic loci that shows a significant change in DNA methylation following Aβ treatment in comparison to the control group. After mapping these loci to nearby genes, we discovered high enrichment for cell-fate genes that control apoptosis and neuronal differentiation. Finally, we incorporated three of those genes in a possible model suggesting the means by which Aβ contributes to the brain shrinkage and memory loss seen in AD.


PURPOSE
A change in the strategy for treating primary anterior traumatic dislocation of the shoulder has occurred. To date, brief fixation of internal rotation via a Gilchrist bandage has been used. Depending on the patient's age, a redislocation is seen in up to 90 % of cases. This is due to healing of the internally rotated labrum-ligament tear in an incorrect position. In the case of external rotation of the humerus, better repositioning of the labrum ligament complex is achieved. Using MRI of the shoulder in external rotation, the extent of the improved labrum-ligament adjustment can be documented, and the indication of immobilization of the shoulder in external rotation can be derived. The aim of this investigation is to describe the degree of position changing of the labrum-ligament tear in internal und external rotation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
10 patients (9 male, 1 female, mean age 30.4 years, range 15 - 43 years) with a primary anterior dislocation of the shoulder without hyper laxity of the contra lateral side and labrum-ligament lesion substantiated by MRI were investigated using a standard shoulder MRI protocol (PD-TSE axial fs, PD-TSE coronar fs, T2-TSE sagittal, T1-TSE coronar) by an axial PD-TSE sequence in internal and external rotation. The dislocation and separation of the anterior labrum-ligament complex were measured. The shoulders were immobilized in 10 degrees external rotation for 3 weeks. After 6 weeks a shoulder MRI in internal rotation was performed.

RESULTS
In all patients there was a significantly better position of the labrum-ligament complex of the inferior rim in external rotation, because of the tension of the ventral capsule and the subscapular muscle. In the initial investigation, the separation of the labrum-ligament complex in internal rotation was 0.44 +/- 0.27 mm and the dislocation was 0.45 +/- 0.33 mm. In external rotation the separation was 0.01 +/- 0.19 mm and the dislocation was - 0.08 +/- 0.28 mm. After 6 weeks of immobilization in 10 degrees external rotation, the separation of the labrum was - 0.10 +/- 0.14 mm and the dislocation was - 0.23 +/- 0.21 mm.

CONCLUSION
In anterior labrum-ligament tears, the axial MRI of the shoulder in external rotation demonstrates a more physiologic position of the glenoid. This may indicate an immobilization of the shoulder in external rotation, which results in a more anatomical healing of the glenoidal tear. Thus, in the case of labrum-ligament tears, MRI in external rotation is becoming indispensable.


In this paper, I analyze the business cycle properties of remittances and output series for three pairs of countries: United States-Mexico, United States-El Salvador, and Germany-Turkey. Using an unobserved components state-space model (via the Beveridge-Nelson decomposition), I decompose the remittances and output series into stochastic permanent and cyclical components. I then use the resulting stationary cyclical components to estimate co-movements between remittances and output series. Empirical results indicate that remittances are countercyclical with all the home countries: Mexico, El Salvador, and Turkey. With respect to source countries, remittances to Mexico are countercyclical with the United States business cycle, while remittances from the United States to El Salvador and remittances from Germany to Turkey are strongly procyclical with output fluctuations in the source country. The contribution of this paper to the literature is twofold: (1) I use high-frequency data (quarterly) for a relatively long period of time; and (2) I employ more recent and sophisticated econometric techniques in the decomposition of the series into stochastic permanent and cyclical components. The existing literature lacks both of these important aspects of my analysis. I show that once both of these factors are incorporated into the analysis, empirical results are more aligned to those predicted by economic theory.


Additive manufacturing technologies are enabling newfound degrees of geometrical complexity to be realised, particularly with regards to internal structures. All of these manufacturing technologies are dependant on their prior design in an appropriate electronic form, either by reverse engineering, or, primarily, by computer-aided design. Within these emerging applications is the design of scaffolds with an intricate and controlled internal structure for bone tissue engineering. There is a consensus that ideal bone scaffold geometry is evident in biological trabecular structures. In their most basic topological form,these structures consist of the non-linear distribution of irregular interconnecting rods and plates of different size and shape. Complex and irregular architectures can be realised by several scaffold manufacturing
techniques, but with little or no control over the main features of the internal geometry, such
as size, shape and interconnectivity of each individual element. The combined use of
computer aided design systems and additive manufacturing techniques allows a high degree
of control over these parameters with few limitations in terms of achievable complexity.
However, the design of irregular and intricate trabecular networks in computer aided design
systems is extremely time-consuming since manually modelling an extraordinary number of
different rods and plates, all with different parameters, may require several days to design an
individual scaffold structure. In an attempt to address these difficulties, several other
research efforts in this domain have largely focussed on techniques which result in designs
which comprise of relatively regular and primitive shapes and do not represent the level of
complexity seen biologically. Detailed descriptions of these methods are covered in chapter 1. An automated design methodology for trabecular structures is proposed by this research to overcome these limitations. This approach involves the investigation of novel software algorithms, which are able to interact with a conventional computer aided design program
and permit the automated design of geometrical elements in the form of rods, each with a
different size and shape. The methodology is described in chapter 2 and is tested in chapter
3. Applications of this methodology in anatomical designs are covered in chapter 4. Nevertheless, complex designed rod networks may still present very different properties compared to trabecular bone geometries due to a lack detailed information available which explicitly detail their geometry. The lack of detailed quantitative descriptions of trabecular bone geometries may compromise the validity of any design methodology, irrespective of automation and efficiency. Although flexibility of a design methodology is beneficial, this may be rendered inadequate when insufficient quantitative data is known of the target structure. In this work a novel analysis methodology is proposed in chapter 5, which may provide a significant contribution toward the characterisation and quantification of target geometries, with particular focus on trabecular bone structures. This analysis methodology can be used either to evaluate existing design techniques or to drive the development of new bio-mimetic design techniques.
This work then progresses to a newly derived bio-mimetic automated design technique, driven by the newly produced quantitative data on trabecular bone geometries. This advanced design methodology has been developed and tested in chapter 6. This has demonstrated the validity of the technique and realised a significant stage of development in
the context and scope of this work.


Abstract: Optimal team communication and long-term cooperation depend on several various categories of factors. One of the factors that may point to efficiency decline within the cooperation is the presence of abusive words (labelling) which are named as discounting words by authors. They represent verbal aggression and are type of condensed metaphors that reflect people's view of the world around them. Since any communication units that disrupt the good teamwork are of a high interest to any quality manager, there is characterization of the discounting words given. There is a certain correlation between the one who gives the discounting words and the one who receives them. There is also a chart of some of the discounting words given and conclusions included.


This datasheet on Gyrodactylus salaris infection covers Identity, Associated Diseases, Pests or Pathogens, Distribution, Hosts/Species Affected, Pathology, Prevention/Control, Further Information.


In November 2010 the Italian Archaeological Expedition at Aksum of the University of Naples
"L'Orientale" (UNO), Naples (Italy), conducted the 16th field season in the region of Aksum under
the direction of Rodolfo Fattovich. In 1992-2003 the expedition investigated Bieta Giyorgs hill to
the north of Aksum as a joint research project with Boston University, Boston, USA under the
direction of Rodolfo Fattovich (UNO) and Kathryn A. Bard (BU) (see Fattovich et al. 2000; Bard et
al. 2003; Fattovich 2008). In 2005-2009 the foot hill of Bieta Giyorgis and the plains to the north of
the hill were investigated (Fattovich 2008; Fattovich et. al. 2009). In 2005-2006 the expedition
surveyed the whole archaeological area of Aksum (100 sq km) in collaboration the World Bank
Ethiopian Cultural Heritage Project, Aksum Branch, and produced the detailed archaeological map
of this area (Fattovich and Hagos 2005, 2006; Sernicola 2008). In 2009 the UNO expedition
surveyed the archaeological site of Yeha (Adwa) and mapped with a laser scanner the Great Temple
as a contribution to the archaeological heritage management of the area (Fattovich et al. 2010).
Beginning in 2010 the UNO project included the valley of the Mai Nigus/Haselo from Addi
Hankara (woreda: Medegoy) to Adet (woreda: Hawesta), with the surroundings of the modern
villages of Medegoy, Seglamen, Mirina and Adet as main areas of investigation. The project is
designed to survey this region along a transect about 5 km by 20 km in area and to carry out
excavations at selected sites. This segment of the Mai Nigus/Haselo valley was chosen for
investigation because the valley traditionally was an important route from Aksum to the Tekeze
river and from here to the internal regions of the Ethiopian highlands (Figure 1).
The research has been designed to provide: 1) a reconstruction of the cultural and environmental
history of the region to the south-west of Aksum, 2) a detailed archaeological map of this region for
the cultural heritage management of Central Tigray.
The project is implemented in collaboration with the Department of Archaeology, Aksum
University College (AUC), Aksum (Tigray), represented by Mr. Hiluf Berhe, as part of the
agreement between UNO and AUC in progress since 2009 to conduct joint research and to provide
undergraduate students of the Department of Archaeology, AUC, with a theoretical and practical
training in survey and excavation procedures (see L. Phillipson 2010).
In 2010 the area around the village of Seglamen, where a Pre-Aksumite royal inscription (RIE 1)
was discovered in the early 1970s (Schneider 1976: ; Bernard et al. 1991, I: 68, II: pl. 1), was
investigated and a reconnaissance was conducted around the villages of Merena and New Adet.
Preliminary excavations at Seglamen were carried out in 1974 by the University of Rome "La
Sapienza," Rome (Italy), under the direction of Lanfranco Ricci (Ricci and Fattovich 1987). These
excavations brought to the light a large Post-Aksumite rural house, which was apparently built on
Pre-Aksumite foundations. The definitive location of the Pre-Aksumite settlement was identified
2
during the World Bank survey in 2006 (Fattovich and Hagos 2006) and was confirmed in 2009
during a visit to the site by members of the Italian expedition and representatives of the Aksum
University College (AUC), Aksum (Tigray).
Members of the 2010 expedition were Prof. Rodolfo Fattovich, archaeologist, Dr. Luisa
Sernicola, archaeologist, Mr. Marco Barbarino, surface surveyor, and Ms. Michela Gaudiello,
ceramic analyst (UNO); Dr. Laurel Phillipson, UK, lithic analyst; Mr. Hilluf Berhe, Mr. Habtamu
Makonnen and Ms. Berhan Tekie, archaeologists (AUC); Mr. Bar Kribus, assistant archaeologist,
Hebrew University, Jerusalem (Israel). The ARCCH was represented by Ato Alemu Hailu.
The members of the expedition are very grateful to Ato Jara Haile Maryam, Head, ARCCH, Addis
Ababa, Dr Jonas Beyene, Director, Dept. of Anthropology and Archaeology, ARCCH, Addis
Ababa, Ato Fisseha Zibelo, Aksum Site Manager, Ethiopian Sustainable Tourism Development
Project, Ato Tedros Abraham, Head, Bureau of Culture and Tourism, Central Zone, Aksum; Dr.
Mebratu and Dr. Aklilu, President and Vice President, Axum University College, Aksum, H.E.
Raffaele di Lutio, Ambassador, Italian Embassy, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Dr. Bruno Bellotto,
Director, Italian Cultural Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Dr. Francesco Saverio Poliseno, Poliass
Srl Marine & General, Naples (Italy), Dr. Pasquale Romano, Studio Tecnico Navale Romano,
Naples (Italy), and Dr. Enrico Semino, Cambiaso Risso (Insurance Brockers), Genova, Italy, for
their kind support to the expedition.
The expedition has been granted by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Rome, Poliass Srl Marine &
General, Naples, Studio Tecnico Navale Romano, Naples, Cambiaso Risso (Insurance Brokers),
Genoa, and University of Naples "l'Orientale," Naples (Italy).


Conceptual and practical issues of the development of industrial policy have attracted, and continue to attract, the attention of experts and politicians. In the 2000s, especially after the world financial crisis, and in the period of remaining uncertainty over further developments, a discussion of best practices, reasons for the failure and the capabilities and features of a new industrial policy became quite popular in both developed and developing countries. The subject of the formation and implementation of a state industrial policy in Russia has become particularly relevant in recent years as it has become obvious that an innovative model of development is needed. Additional impetus was provided to this theme by the recent discussions at the highest political level of issues related to Russian economic diversification, the increase in high-tech industries and the creation of high flying jobs in both the traditional and new sectors. In this regard most of the focus of this article is on assessment of the experience in industrial policy implementation in Russia, and a determination of the key lessons including an analysis of two examples of industrial policy – the nano-industry and the automotive industry


INTRODUCTION
Fingolimod has recently been approved for the therapy of relapsing multiple sclerosis. This drug binds to different sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors.

AIM
To analyze basic mechanisms of action that can account for the efficacy of this drug in multiple sclerosis.

DEVELOPMENT
Fingolimod acts as an inverse agonist on sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors, inducing degradation of receptors. On lymphoid circulation, this effect causes retention in lymph nodes of naive and central memory T cells, including Th17 T lymphocytes, bearing CCR7 and CD62L receptors. As a result, the level of circulating T cells is markedly decreased. B ell circulation is impaired and complex effects on other immune cells are also induced. Fingolimod enters the central nervous system and binds to receptors on glial cells and neurons. In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, the therapeutic efficacy of fingolimod is not only associated with a reduced entry of inflammatory cells into the nervous system, but also with a direct effect mostly on astroglial cells.

CONCLUSIONS
In multiple sclerosis patients, the available evidence indicates that fingolimod efficacy is directly associated with impairment of circulation of several T cell subsets and possibly B cells. Animal studies raise the possibility that an additional effect on glial cells might also contribute to the clinical efficacy.


Changes in the vertical water mass structure of the Vema Channel during the Pliocene have been inferred from benthic foraminiferal assemblages and stable isotopic analyses from three sites of DSDP Leg 72 (South Atlantic). Faunal and isotopic results from Sites 516A and 518 suggest that a major change occurred in deep-water circulation patterns in the late Pliocene near 3.2 Ma. Benthic oxygen isotopic records from Sites 516A and 518 show a characteristic increase in δ 18 O values near 3.2 Ma. This has been documented in numerous Pliocene isotopic records. The magnitude of the oxygen isotopic enrichment near 3.2 Ma appears to increase with water depth from an average enrichment of 0.34‰ in Site 516A (1,313 m) to an average enrichment of 0.58‰ in Site 518 (3,944 m). We suggest that this enrichment resulted partly from a change in deep-water circulation patterns which included a decrease in bottom-water temperatures. Planktonic δ 18 O values near 3.2 Ma show no evidence of an enrichment which would be indicative of an increase in global ice volume. On the contrary, δ 18 O values in Sites 517 and 518 become more depleted near 3.2 Ma, indicating a surface-water warming perhaps due to a change in the strength and/or position of the Brazil Current. An increase in the relative abundance of the benthic foraminifer Nuttalides umbonifera , which is associated with Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) in the modern ocean, coincides with the benthic 18 O enrichment in Site 518. At 3.2 Ma, oxygen and carbon isotopic gradients between Sites 518 (3,944 m) and 516A (1,313 m) show a marked increase such that Site 518 becomes enriched in 18 O and depleted in 13 C relative to Site 516A. This enrichment in δ 18 O is interpreted as partly representing a temperature decrease at Site 518; the depletion in δ 13 C indicates a corrosive water mass which is high in metabolic CO 2 . We suggest that benthic foraminiferal and stable isotopic changes in Site 518 resulted from a pulse-like increase in the formation of AABW near 3.2 Ma. The cause of this circulation event may have been linked to global cooling and/or the final closure of the Central American Seaway.


Dear Friends, Hydrotherapy, previously known as hydropathy, is a sector of medicine and alternative medicine, specifically physiotherapy and naturopathy. Fundamentally, it comprises water use for the relief of pain. The title covers an expansive variety of therapeutic techniques and approaches which grasp benefits of water's physical properties for therapeutic purposes, namely stimulation of blood circulation and symptomatic treatment of certain diseases. Water therapy involves the modulation of body temperature like delivery of hot and cold to the body. It encompasses submerging of all or part of the body in water and may involve many types of equipment, namely full body immersion tanks; neutral baths; sitz baths; contrast sitz baths; foot baths; cold mitten friction rub; steam inhalation; hot compresses, cold compresses; alternating hot and cold compresses; and arm, hip, and leg whirlpool. Immersion of the body in water or the application of water or ice to the body is external hydrotherapy. The variable effect of hot or cold water on the skin and underlying tissues is involved in temperature-based hydrotherapy. Application of hot water relaxes muscles and is used to treat arthritis, rheumatism, and sore muscles while cold water therapy stimulates the flow of blood in the skin. Fomentation is the application of moist heat and is used in chest cold and flu. Ice packs or cold compresses are used for sprains and headaches. Water jets, underwater massage, and mineral baths (Swiss shower, balneotherapy) are used in existing hydrotherapy. Preinstalled jets are present in hydro machines, which shoots water on the body in specified time intervals. Specifically, water affects chakras of the body, i.e., gradually cleansing and opening the desired chakras. Hydrotherapists may utilize it for vasodilation and vasoconstriction purposes. Ultimately, alteration in blood flow occurs through physiological mechanisms like thermoregulation. Sometimes, for the treatment of wounds, tissue removal becomes necessary which is performed by direct wound irrigation or therapeutic irrigation with suction. The advantages of hydrotherapy comprise of detoxification (helps in elimination of waste), loosening tense muscles and assisting relaxation, enhancing metabolic rate and digestion activity, cell hydrating, and improving skin and muscle tone. In addition, it also boosts the immune system by its efficient functioning and also improves internal organs functioning by stimulating blood supply. Conclusively, it can be elucidated that in future hydrotherapy will become a major tool for stress relieving consequently, improving body function and preventing illness.


Although the "column" is very popular and in the media reality highlighted as written genre, in communicology as science its specificity and distinctiveness as gender or genre is talked about very little and two-sided.  The scientific communication apparatus has long doubted whether the column is a separate genre at all, classifying it into other genres and thus denying its peculiarity and distinctiveness, qualitative diversity, linguistic and stylistic specificity and heading independence. Even after it was classified as press-publicity genus, declining did not miss out and it created aureole of controversy and division in the understanding of the column in the professional literature. This is a historical-communicology study that provides a comprehensive insight into the topic of definition, history, media significance and values that the column occupies in the Bosnian public. Similarities and differences between other newspaper genres and the column are also noted, with special emphasis on the differences between the commentary and the column. Analysis that was built includes the paradigm of columnist work of three Bosnian authors and emphasizes the distinctions in their journalistic expression.


Summary BackgroundBackground : The aim of the clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) in the management of difficult airway is to provide a structured response to a potentially life-threatening clinical problem. However, there is concern about the extent to which they are based on sound evidence. ObjectiveObjective : Our aim is to summarize and compare relevant recommendations and algorithms from evidence-based CPGs (EB-CPGs). MethodsMethods : We will conduct a systematic review (overview) of CPGs, following Cochrane methods. We will summarize recommendations, its supporting evidence and strength of recommendations according to the GRADE methodology. We will search CPGs that were published in the last 10 years, without language restrictions, in electronic databases, and also searched specific CPG sources, reference lists and consulted experts. We will search in PubMed, EMBase, Cochrane Library, LILACS, Tripdatabase and additional sources: National Guideline Clearinghouse, NeLH Guidelines Finder, Guía Salud GPCs en España, GAC guidelines, CMA Infobase: CPGs database, New Zealand Guidelines, Scottish Clinical Guidelines, EBM Guidelines, Health Services/Technology Assessment Text (HSTAT), National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) and Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement (ICSI). Pairs of independent reviewers will select EB-CPGs and rate their methodological quality using the AGREE-II instrument. We will include those EB-CPGs reporting standard methods for identification, data collection, study risk of bias assessment and recommendations' level of evidence. Discrepancies will be resolved by consensus.


The most costly aspect of gathering information over the Internet is that of transferring data over the network to answer the user's query. We make two contributions in this paper that alleviate this problem. First, we present an algorithm for reducing the number of information sources in an information gathering (IG) plan by reasoning with localized closed world (LCW) statements. In contrast to previous work on this problem, our algorithm can handle recursive information gathering plans that arise commonly in practice. Second, we present a method for reducing the amount of network traffic generated while executing an information gathering plan by reordering the sequence in which queries are sent to remote information sources. We will explain why a direct application of traditional distributed database methods to this problem does not work, and present a novel and cheap way of adorning source descriptions to assist in ordering the queries.


As recognition grows within industry for the advantages that can be gained through the exploitation of large-scale dynamic systems, a need emerges for dependable performance. Future systems are being developed with a requirement to support mission critical and safety critical applications. These levels of criticality require predictable performance and as such have traditionally not been associated with adaptive systems. The software architecture proposed for such systems takes its properties from the service-oriented computing paradigm and the communication model follows a publish/subscribe approach. While adaptive, such architectures do not, however, typically support real-time levels of performance. There is scope, however, for dependability within such architectures through the use of Quality of Service (QoS) methods. QoS is used in systems where the distribution of resources cannot be decided at design time. In this paper a QoS based framework is proposed for providing adaptive and dependable behaviour for future large-scale dynamic systems through the flexible allocation of resources. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the benefits of the QoS framework and the tradeoffs that occur between negotiation algorithms of varying complexities.


OBJECTIVE
Emotional processing differences in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) have been reported but have rarely been investigated experimentally. This study used self-report, observer ratings, and electrodermal responses to test hypotheses about emotion suppression and autonomic reactivity.

METHODS
Eighty adults with CFS and 80 healthy controls (HC) watched a distressing film clip. Half of each group were instructed to suppress their emotions and half were told to express their feelings as they wished. Their reactions were filmed and rated by independent observers. Electrodermal activity (skin conductance response) was used as a measure of sympathetic nervous system arousal.

RESULTS
CFS participants reported higher anxiety and sadness than the HC, both before and after the film. However, observers rated the CFS group as having lower emotional expression than HC in both emotional suppression and expression choice conditions. Beliefs about the unacceptability of negative emotions were associated with greater self-reported suppression. Electrodermal responses were greater in the CFS group than HC participants. Higher skin conductance responses were associated with larger posttask increases in fatigue in the CFS participants but not in the HC.

CONCLUSIONS
CFS participants had lower observer-rated emotional expression than HC, despite greater distress and higher autonomic arousal. This may have implications for their ability to access social support at times of stress. As the degree of autonomic arousal was associated with short-term increases in fatigue in the CFS participants, this requires further investigation as a contributory factor for this condition. (PsycINFO Database Record


clicking here. colleagues, clients, or customers by , you can order high-quality copies for your If you wish to distribute this article to others here. following the guidelines can be obtained by Permission to republish or repurpose articles or portions of articles ):  October 17, 2012  www.sciencemag.org (this information is current as of The following resources related to this article are available online at http://www.sciencemag.org/content/319/5866/1073.full.html version of this article at: including high-resolution figures, can be found in the online Updated information and services, http://www.sciencemag.org/content/suppl/2008/02/21/319.5866.1073.DC1.html can be found at: Supporting Online Material 63 article(s) on the ISI Web of Science cited by This article has been http://www.sciencemag.org/content/319/5866/1073.full.html#related-urls 19 articles hosted by HighWire Press; see: cited by This article has been http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/collection/mat_sci Materials Science subject collections: This article appears in the following


Nuclear electromagnetic pulse (NEMP) simulators are used to simulate the intense electromagnetic fields generated during a high altitude nuclear burst and in turn they are used for the hardening assurance of critical electronic systems. The guided wave (GW) NEMP simulator is like a transmission line, fed by a steep fronted high voltage pulse and terminated by a resistor on the other side. The resistive termination absorbs only the low frequencies of the pulse, while the high frequencies escape out from the simulator thereby acting as a high frequency radiator. These high frequency radiations could be a source of interference to the nearby sensitive installations, and hence it becomes imperative to study the leakage field radiation pattern of an NEMP simulator so that the direction and the intensity of the maximum radiated field can be ascertained. This study will be useful during the planning, and the commissioning of an NEMP simulator near critical infrastructures or adding a new critical infrastructure near an existing NEMP simulator. In this paper the leakage fields and their radiation pattern computed using Method of Moments (MoM) code and same has been validated by measurement results.


The case to be reported is that of a child who died of acute diffuse nonsuppurative encephalitis characterized pathologically by extensive and massive destruction of the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum. The entire cerebellum was involved, and it is roughly estimated that more than half of the Purkinje cells were necrotic or in the process of being phagocytosed, while an inestimable number of those remaining were injured more or less profoundly. Although other parts of the brain showed diffuse inflammation, with extensive retrogressive changes in the ganglion cells, the cell-destroying process was confined almost entirely to the cerebellum. The spinal cord showed little or no abnormality. We have found no description of a similar pathologic picture in any type of human encephalitis, and though no specific inclusions were recognized, the general features of the disease from a cytopathologic standpoint suggest the activity of an unknown virus as the inciting agent.


The ability to efficiently harvest heat as a source of sustainable energy would make a significant contribution to reduce our current reliance on fossil fuels. Waste heat sources, such as those produced in industrial processes or through geothermal activity, are extensive, often continuous, and at present severely underutilised. Thermoelectrochemical cells offer an alternative design to the traditional semiconductor-based thermoelectric devices and offer the promise of continuous and cheap operation at moderate temperatures, low maintenance and with no carbon emissions. They utilize two electrodes, held at different temperatures, separated by an electrolyte containing a redox couple. It is the temperature dependence of the electrochemical redox potential that generates the potential difference across the device as a result of the applied temperature difference. The magnitude of this redox potential temperature dependence is given by the Seebeck coefficient, Se. The organic sector is showing promising growths along with good environmental impact nowadays. Until recently, research into TEC cells had primarily focused on aqueous media. However, the good thermal and electrochemical stability, non-volatility and non-flammability of many ionic liquids make them promising alternative electrolytes for these devices. The use of ionic liquid (IL) electrolytes offers potential advantages that include increased TEC device efficiencies, lifetimes and the ability to utilize low temperature (often i?½wastei?½) heat sources in the 100 i?½ 200ÂoC temperature range. This research is targeted to explore the potentiality of protic ionic liquids in thermoelectric research. In this study, total eight of two series of PILs based on secondary and/or tertiary ammonium cations with the trifluoroacetate, methanesulfonate, trifluoromethanesulfonate and tosylate anions were synthesized for TEC cells. PILs based electrolyte coupled with I-/I3- redox couple have been investigated as thermoelectric materials. In addition, the thermal and physical properties have also been investigated as these PILs are the new addition in the list of PILs. The complete study on PILs has been done to determine the nature and efficiency for thermoelectricity. The investigation carried out the thermal energy between the range of room temperature and 90 °C. PILs shows lower thermal conductivity and good ionic conductivity which enables to succeed good thermoelectric materials. As a great achievement, our proposed PILs shows higher Se values 420 ?V/K obtained for TEHA TFMS than the reported values of the same redox couple. The excellent dimensionless figure of merit value, ZT (949.46A—10-6) has been achieved by BEHA TFMS. The power and the current output of the studied PILs are higher than some aprotic ionic liquids reported.


Whereas acute pain acts as a warning sign, neuropathic pain loses this protective attribute and develops a self–sustaining chronic course. Almost 33 % of the general population report chronic pain and at least 3,3 % neuropathic pain, in Germany ≤ 5 million people. The prevalence is higher in women and increases with age. Neuropathic pain is defined as a direct consequence of a lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory system either at peripheral or central level. Spontaneously occurring dysesthesias, particularly burning pain and repetitive stimulus–triggered neuralgias such as classical trigeminal neuralgia are typical clinical features. Neuropathic pain is frequently found in patients with radiculopathy, nerve compression syndrome and polyneuropathy. The complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is associated with abnormal sudomotor, vasomotor and trophic findings as well as psychosomatic symptoms. Frequent reasons for neuropathic pain of CNS origin are cerebral ischemia and traumatic injuries of the spinal cord with phantom pain. Clinical examination, including accurate sensory examination and Quantitative sensory testing (QST), is the basis of pain diagnosis and therapy. It is important to distinguish neuropathic pain from other chronic pain syndromes: Multimodal therapy differs from treatment of nociceptive pain (for example, in most cases of arthropathy), when the nervous system is intact. Drugs of choice are antidepressants and antiepileptics with analgesic properties.


The work is devoted to studying of substances properties at high specific deposit energy using double-frame pulsed backlighting system. The high specific deposit energy was reached at electrical conductor explosion (ECE). Fast mode of ECE was investigated. Fine foils of aluminum, cooper, titanium and nickel were used as conductors. Experiments were carried out on the experimental complex consisting of three current generators. The first generator WEG-' was used for explosion of the fine conductors. This generator represents fast capacitor with capacity 250 nF, which was charged to voltage 10 to 30 kV. The investigated conductor was mounted in special holder and the foil contacts with the electrodes were soldered. Two other generators - radiographs XPG-1 and G2 with x-pinch load were used two frame X-ray backlighting imaging. The generators current pulses had amplitude 300 kA and rising time 180 ns with a low inductance load. Four crossed molybdenum wires with diameter of 25 μm were used to form an x-pinch. Using of the x-pinches soft x-ray radiation the images of exploded foil were registered with temporal resolution of 2 ns. The images were detected by a photo film located behind the filter. The x-ray imaging, together with the measurements of the current flowing through a conductor and voltage on the exploded conductor had allowed inferring of the energy deposited into the conductor, delay time of the bubbles formation relative to the moment of current- cutoff and the time dependence of the vapor bubbles quantity.


To study the effect of football injury on knee pain based on MRI image scanning, in this paper, a total of 31 knee injuries of 29 male professional football players from December 2012 to April 2015 were used as the experimental group. The players were 23.6 ± 3.5 years old and received professional football training time 15.3 ± 3.6 years; 31 outpatients of the same age group with acute knee joint acute injury were randomly selected as the control group; both groups were imaged with a 1.5 TMR scanner and knee joint standard array coil imaging, and 2 senior radiation surgeons evaluate knee cartilage, meniscus, ligaments, tendons, bone marrow, infrapatellar fat pad, and joint effusions. Pearson's chi-squared test and nonparametric test for two independent samples were used for statistical testing of the evaluation results. The experimental results showed that there were significant differences in the incidence of articular cartilage, lateral collateral ligament, tendon or ligament injury, multiligament or tendon injury, and bone marrow edema between the two groups (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of medial collateral ligament injury, infrapatellar fat pad edema, and joint effusion. MRI shows that knee injuries in male professional football players often involve ligaments or tendons, mostly multiligament or tendon injuries. The lesions of articular cartilage and meniscus are more common and serious, and bone marrow edema is also more common in football injuries. MRI has high diagnostic accuracy for various clinical knee injuries, and it belongs to a noninvasive examination method. It can not only reflect the pathological changes and changes of the knee joints of patients but also provide information for the formulation of clinical programs and the judgment of prognosis, for timely, accurate, and comprehensive imaging reference.


Abstract. The objective of this study is to assess and measure the relative forecasting performance of local government expenditures in Community Policy Analysis Models (COMPAS) during periods of supply/demand disequilibrium. We evaluate whether a fiscal module under the COMPAS framework (an equilibrium model) fits better under a disequilibrium economic en- vironment. We find that both a simple naA¯ve model with one year lagged expenditure and a lagged expenditure model with revenue capacity variables significantly increased forecasting performance relative to the traditional supply/demand equilibrium model of the public sec- tor. We also found weak evidence suggesting that in cases where the equilibrium model is used in a cross-sectional setting, quantile regression may improve forecasting performance given the heterogeneity in the quantity and quality of preferences in public services.


Data centres account for approx. 1.3% of the world's electricity consumption, of which up to 50% of that power is dedicated to keeping the actual equipment cool. This represents a huge opportunity to reduce data centre energy consumption by tackling the cooling system operations with a focus on thermal management. This work presents a novel Data Centre Air Flow Model (DCAM) for temperature prediction of server inlet temperatures. The model is a physics-based model under-pinned by turbulent jet theory allowing a reduction in the solution domain size by using only local boundary conditions in front of the servers. Current physics-based modeling approaches require a solution domain of the entire data centre room which is expensive in terms of computation even if a small change occurs in a localized area. By limiting the solution domain and boundary conditions to a local level, the model focuses on the airflow mixing that affects temperatures while also simplifying the related computations. The DCAM model does not have the usual complexities of numerical computations, dependencies on computational grid size, meshing or the need to solve a full domain solution. The input boundary conditions required for the model can be supplied by the Building Management System (BMS), Power Distribution Units (PDU), sensors, or output from other modeling environments that only need updating when significant changes occur. Preliminary results validated on a real world data centre yield an overall prediction error of 1.2° C RMSE. The model can perform in real-time, giving way to applications for real-time monitoring, as input to optimize control of air conditioning units, and can complement sensor networks.


Uncertainty associated with the monetary policy transmission mechanism is a key driving force of business cycles. To investigate this link, we propose a new term structure model that allows the volatility of the yield curve to interact with macroeconomic indicators. The data favors a model with two volatility factors that capture shortterm and long-term interest rate uncertainty. Increases in either of them lead higher unemployment rates, but they interact with inflation in opposite directions.


This paper describes a textureless object segmentation approach for autonomous service robots acting in human living environments. The proposed system allows a robot to effectively segment textureless objects in cluttered scenes by leveraging its manipulation capabilities. In our pipeline, the cluttered scenes are first statically segmented using state-of-the-art classification algorithm and then the interactive segmentation is deployed in order to resolve this possibly ambiguous static segmentation. In the second step the RGBD (RGB + Depth) sparse features, estimated on the RGBD point cloud from the Kinect sensor, are extracted and tracked while motion is induced into a scene. Using the resulting feature poses, the features are then assigned to their corresponding objects by means of a graph-based clustering algorithm. In the final step, we reconstruct the dense models of the objects from the previously clustered sparse RGBD features. We evaluated the approach on a set of scenes which consist of various textureless flat (e.g. box-like) and round (e.g. cylinder-like) objects and the combinations thereof.


Experiments were performed to study the effect of fracture surface roughness on fluid distribution during miscible displacement. The transparent replicas of single fractures obtained from seven different rocks were prepared and the surface roughness of each sample was described by fractal dimensions using the variogram, power spectral, and triangular prism (TP) techniques. Then, the effect of flow rate and viscosity on the geometry of the displacement front during miscible radial injection was investigated experimentally. The fractal dimensions of the fronts were obtained using box counting fractal analysis at different time lapses. The fractal values of invasion front varied from lithology to lithology, due to different surface roughnesses controlled by the lithology of the rocks. Although fluctuations of fractal values were observed during the growth of the front, fractal dimensions typically yielded an increasing trend. Fractal dimension became more stable with increasing flow rate and developed modestly with increasing viscosity. Finally, relationships between the fractal dimensions of displacement fronts and fracture surfaces were quantitatively analyzed and correlated in order to improve the prediction of fluid distribution within a single fracture during miscible displacement. Overall, correlations were observed between the surface characteristics and front fractal dimension values with some exceptions. In summary, to determine the probable distribution of miscible fluid and development of the front, all parameters except power spectral density (PSD) fractal dimension can be applied in the case of high viscosity ratios. In the case of low injection rates, TP could be applicable. No fractal behavior was present at extreme injection and low viscosity ratios, thus no correlation can be determined for the miscible displacement.


Background: Resorbable mesh and porous polyethylene are frequently used alloplastic materials for the treatment of the orbital blowout fractures. The literature lacks reports comparing their long-term effects on experimental models. Objective: Our aim was to radiologically and histologically evaluate the effectiveness and safety of porous polyethylene and resorbable mesh in a rabbit orbital blowout fracture model. Methods: Twelve New Zealand white rabbits (24 orbits) were randomized to 4 groups. In group 1, only orbital floor dissection was done. In group 2, following orbital floor dissection, a 10-mm defect was created without any extra procedure. In group 3, following a 10-mm defect creation, a 12-mm-round cut porous polyethylene was placed on the defect. In group 4, following a 10-mm defect creation, a 12-mm-round cut resorbable mesh was placed on the defect. Computed tomographic analysis was performed during follow-up period. Orbital floors were evaluated histologically at month 6. Results: No clinical complications were observed during follow-up period. In radiological evaluation, there was no statistically significant difference between groups regarding bone formation. In histological evaluation, the connective tissue was denser, and organized and better bone formation was observed in group 3 and 4 when compared with other groups. Conclusion: Although no significant radiological changes were present, porous polyethylene and resorbable mesh performed better histologically. They were effective and well tolerated for reconstruction of the isolated orbital floor defects.


Many virulent strains of Enterococcus faecalis produce a two-subunit toxin, termed cytolysin. Cytolysin expression is regulated by one of the subunits (CylLS″) through a quorum-sensing autoinduction mechanism. We found that when target cells are absent, the other subunit (CylLL″) forms a complex with CylLS″, blocking it from autoinducing the operon. When target cells are present, however, CylLL″ binds preferentially to the target, allowing free CylLS″ to accumulate above the induction threshold. Thus, enterococci use CylLL″ to actively probe the environment for target cells, and when target cells are detected, allows the organism to express high levels of cytolysin in response.


In Charles Dickens's Bleak House there is a strange (and disgusting) pattern of characters feeling that they can 'taste' the air, and that that air tastes either meaty or greasy. Esther notices that snuffing 'two great office candles in tin candlesticks' at Mrs Jellyby's 'made the room taste strongly of hot tallow', the mutton or beef fat out of which inexpensive candles were made. In Bleak House, candles retain their sheepy atmospheres and release them into the surrounding air when consumed. Mrs Jellyby's home and Mr Vholes's office are just two places in which Dickens suggests that the process of turning organic animal bodies into urban commodities (candles, parchment, wigs) has not quite been completed. Candles and parchment are part animal, part object, and they constantly threaten to revert back into their animal forms. The commodification of animal bodies occurs primarily in the city, where parts of formerly living bodies are manufactured into things. Filled with the smell of burning chops or a spontaneously combusted human, Dickens's greasier atmospheres contain animal matter suspended in the air that the characters smell, taste, and touch. Once we realize that the apparent smell of chops and candles is, in fact, Krook's body, this act of taking the air becomes a form of cannibalism that is at least as unsettling as Michael Pollan's recent account of cows being fed cow parts in factory farms. Drawing on this insight and on Allen MacDuffie's analyses of energy systems in Bleak House, this article focuses on instances in which Dickens defamiliarizes the human consumption of energy by having his characters unintentionally ingest animal particles. Studying Dickens's treatment of animal fat suspended in air adds a new dimension to recent work on systems of energy expenditure and exchange in an age of industrial capitalism.


In both versions of his Commentary on the Sentences, Scotus alludes to a great controversy among his contemporaries over the question of whether a spoken word signifies a thing or a concept. He does not give a detailed account of this controversy, but confines himself to saying, "in short, I grant that what is properly signified by a spoken word is a thing."1 This brief statement may seem trivial at first sight, but it turns out to be innovative when it is assessed against the background of medieval Aristotelian semantic theory. From Boethius onwards, the overwhelming majority of the commentators on De interpretatione held that it is a concept and not a thing that is primarily and directly signified by a spoken word. 2


The pressure-driven growth model is used to determine the shape of a foam front propagating into an oil reservoir. It is shown that the front, idealised as a curve separating surfactant solution downstream from gas upstream, can be subdivided into two regions: a lower region (approximately parabolic in shape and consisting primarily of material points which have been on the foam front continuously since time zero) and an upper region (consisting of material points which have been newly injected onto the foam front from the top boundary). Various conjectures are presented for the shape of the upper region. A formulation which assumes that the bottom of the upper region is oriented in the same direction as the top of the lower region is shown to fail, as (despite the orientations being aligned) there is a mismatch in location: the upper and lower regions fail to intersect. Alternative formulations are developed which allow the upper region to curve sufficiently so as to intersect the lower region. These formulations imply that the lower and upper regions (whilst individually being of a convex shape as seen from downstream) actually meet in a concave corner, contradicting the conventional hypothesis in the literature that the front is wholly convex. The shape of the upper region as predicted here and the presence of the concave corner are independently verified via numerical simulation data.


'Means with meaning' when used for transmission of messages is called 'information', their evolution over the past is described. Information encoded in medium is called 'informatic product' directed at changes of mental states. In linguistic modelling information is carried in the subordinate clauses of certain dynamic verbs. This notion is used for developing 'selective' and 'semantic' information in which 'quantity of information' is related to 'variation' and 'precision of information'. A 'design methodology' for design of information systems is demonstrated. Dynamic linguistic modelling is used for developing 'prototypes' of information systems which show how information is propagated in time towards outcome or final state of change of mental state and how it is used for compensating resistance to change.


The transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) translocates the cytosol-derived proteolytic peptides to the endoplasmic reticulum lumen where they complex with nascent human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules. Non-functional TAP complexes and viral or tumoral blocking of these transporters leads to reduced HLA class I surface expression and a drastic change in the available peptide repertoire. Using mass spectrometry to analyze complex human leukocyte antigen HLA-bound peptide pools isolated from large numbers of TAP-deficient cells, we identified 334 TAP-independent ligands naturally presented by four different HLA-A, -B, and -C class I molecules with very different TAP dependency from the same cell line. The repertoire of TAP-independent peptides examined favored increased peptide lengths and a lack of strict binding motifs for all four HLA class I molecules studied. The TAP-independent peptidome arose from 182 parental proteins, the majority of which yielded one HLA ligand. In contrast, TAP-independent antigen processing of very few cellular proteins generated multiple HLA ligands. Comparison between TAP-independent peptidome and proteome of several subcellular locations suggests that the secretory vesicle-like organelles could be a relevant source of parental proteins for TAP-independent HLA ligands. Finally, a predominant endoproteolytic peptidase specificity for Arg/Lys or Leu/Phe residues in the P1 position of the scissile bond was found for the TAP-independent ligands. These data draw a new and intricate picture of TAP-independent pathways.


Many practical computing problems concern large graphs. Standard examples include the Web graph and various social networks. The scale of these graphs—in some cases billions of vertices, trillions of edges—poses challenges to their efficient processing. In this paper we present a computational model suitable for this task. Programs are expressed as a sequence of iterations, in each of which a vertex can receive messages sent in the previous iteration, send messages to other vertices, and modify its own state and that of its outgoing edges or mutate graph topology. This vertexcentric approach is flexible enough to express a broad set of algorithms. The model has been designed for efficient, scalable and fault-tolerant implementation on clusters of thousands of commodity computers, and its implied synchronicity makes reasoning about programs easier. Distributionrelated details are hidden behind an abstract API. The result is a framework for processing large graphs that is expressive and easy to program.


The purpose of this paper is to review past research literature regarding the relationship between depression and obesity. Three common themes found in past research are discussed in depth, these include: investigating the trend in the association between depression and obesity, if obesity can lead to later development of depression, and whether depression can lead to later development of obesity. After analyzing and synthesizing past research results, new associations were discovered: there is a u-shaped trend between BMI and depression, and proper categorical BMI should be used regarding this relationship; there is a possible causal relationship between obesity and subsequent depression, especially in boys; and there is a possible causal relationship between depression and subsequent obesity, especially in girls. In conclusion, opportunities for further research were discovered. Future studies need to investigate the exact causal relationships between obesity and depression, the gender interaction on risk factors, and possible ethnic variations in depression and BMI. Further understanding the exact relationship between depression and obesity could have important clinical implications in terms of treatment and prevention; thus, decreasing the high prevalence of their comorbidity.


The amino acid sequence of a coagulant enzyme, named flavoxobin, isolated from the venom of Trimeresurus flavoviridis (the habu snake) was determined by sequencing the S-pyridylethylated derivative of the protein and its peptides generated by chemical (cyanogen bromide and hydroxylamine) and enzymatic (clostripain, Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease, Achromobacter protease I, and elastase) cleavages. Hydrazinolysis was also employed to determine the C-terminal amino acid. The enzyme consisted of 236 amino acids and had a calculated molecular weight of 25,744. Flavoxobin was found to be highly (69%) homologous in sequence to batroxobin, a coagulant enzyme from the venom of Bothrops atrox, and 27, 39, and 31% homologous to bovine thrombin, bovine trypsin, and human kallikrein, respectively. The sequence around the active site serine residue deduced from the homology relationship was Phe-Asp-Ser-Gly-Thr, which is different from the common sequence, Gly-Asp-Ser-Gly-Gly, for most serine proteases. Flavoxobin appears to be similar in secondary structure composition to batroxobin.


New technologies have dramatically changed our daily lives and the way we are connected to other people. Television, cellular telephony and the Internet have opened up new opportunities in communication, leisure and training, and yet barriers prevent certain social groups from accessing these new technologies. People with intellectual disability (ID), for instance, are often «invisible» to communication and new technology researchers. An exploratory study was made of 156 adults with ID (workers and users of the Carmen Pardo-Valcarce Foundation sheltered employment programs and workshops in Madrid, Spain) to show their patterns of new technology (cell phones, Internet and television) use. The study confirms that these patterns are similar to those expected of the general public but spe cific differences were found. Some could be attributed to the direct effects of intellectual disability, but others could result from the hypothetical stigma effect on the attitude of those close to the person with intellectual disability, which might lead to discriminatory behaviors.


Sang-Keun Shin, Ewha Womans University This paper describes two studies that examined the awareness of pre-service English teachers regarding issues of digital literacy, fair use of digital materials, and e-safety. The participants in Study One designed reading and listening lessons utilizing online materials and then evaluated their lessons in terms of digital literacy and fair use. The participants in Study Two designed writing lessons based on social network services or online environments and evaluated the resulting lessons in terms of e-safety. This article reports on how these activities influenced selection criteria for online materials, methods for gathering instructional materials, and lesson plans. The results indicated that, initially, the pre-service teachers rarely considered these issues when selecting materials or designing class activities. The findings also showed that the participants' awareness of critical, ethical, and safe use of information and communication technologies was raised through activities for evaluating and discussing the selection of instructional materials and the lesson activities associated with them. Implications for teacher education in computerassisted language learning are discussed.


The delivery of cancer care has never changed as rapidly and dramatically as we have seen with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. During the early phase of the pandemic, recommendations for the management of oncology patients issued by various professional societies and government agencies did not recognize the significant regional differences in the impact of the pandemic. California initially experienced lower than expected numbers of cases, and the health care system did not experience the same degree of the burden that had been the case in other parts of the country. In light of promising trends in COVID‐19 infections and mortality in California, by late April 2020, discussions were initiated for a phased recovery of full‐scale cancer services. However, by July 2020, a surge of cases was reported across the nation, including in California. In this review, the authors share the response and recovery planning experience of the University of California (UC) Cancer Consortium in an effort to provide guidance to oncology practices. The UC Cancer Consortium was established in 2017 to bring together 5 UC Comprehensive Cancer Centers: UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, UC Los Angeles Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UC Irvine Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, and the UC San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center. The interventions implemented in each of these cancer centers are highlighted, with a focus on opportunities for a redesign in care delivery models. The authors propose that their experiences gained during this pandemic will enhance pre‐pandemic cancer care delivery.


A considerable number of fixed offshore platforms around the world have either already surpassed their design life or are approaching it. In the Middle East, more than 70% of the platforms are operating for more than 25 years; some of the assets are even operating for more than 40 years. High oil price and advancement in technology planned to increase the productivity of reservoirs have led to significant investment in terms of cost and resource to manage these assets. There is still a lot of recoverable oil and gas in the reservoirs hence, there is an increased need to extend the life of these facilities while managing the associated risk. This technical paper details a methodology for assessment of remaining life and details some of the degradation/ life extension issues for fixed offshore assets. As it is extremely difficult to cite all the degradation issues, some of the critical degradation issues based on experience and knowledge has been covered in this paper.


Abstract This article explores refugee occupation in Delhi during the aftermath of the Partition in 1947. The temporary occupation of public buildings and open spaces was integral to the difficult and gradual assimilation of hundreds of thousands of refugees into and through the city. Monuments, shrines, mosques and temples provided temporary shelter for refugees and some remained occupied for years after the Partition. The definition and custody of these buildings speaks of the uncertainty and anxiety produced by violence and displacement in 1947 and 1948. The article considers both the modification of these places by the refugees who lived in them, and the gradual and faltering processes of eviction and the restoration of the buildings. The physical imprints of refugee occupation are a significant part of the city's past; a heritage which both marked a rupture in the city's history and reflects broader mores of urban dynamics.


Graft versus host disease (GVHD) has traditionally been divided into acute GVHD and chronic GVHD based on the period it occurs after transplantation. Chronic cutaneous GVHD has traditionally been classified into the lichenoid and scleroderma-like forms. However, unusual clinical forms have been reported such as dermatomyositis, lupus erythematosus and exfoliative dermatitis. A 35-year-old woman presented with a 2 week history of a pruritic maculopapular rash on the whole body. The rash rapidly progressed to confluent erythematous scaly patches and plaques with micaceous scales and this finally led to a generalized exfoliative dermatitis in a 1 month period. Here we present an unusual case of chronic cutaneous GVHD with the clinical features of exfoliative dermatitis. The histopathologic examination demonstrated the lichenoid features of chronic cutaneous GVHD.


The research was conducted in order to obtain measurement for characteristics quality of houses in Malaysia. The aim of this research was to produce the results needed for the relationship between house qualities and house prices. The methodology used in this research was primarily by AHP and Regression Analysis conducted between the characteristics and house prices. Data collection gathered through a sampling of landed terrace houses in the Klang district was incorporated for this. The results from the research showed several significant findings that can improve quality of life for targeted households
Keywords: House Quality; Regression; GIS; AHP
eISSN 2398-4279 © 2019. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. https://doi.org/10.21834/ajqol.v4i15.183