Background: Individuals with cryptococcal antigenemia are at high risk of developing cryptococcal meningitis if untreated. The progression and timing from asymptomatic infection to cryptococcal meningitis is unclear. We describe a sub-population of individuals with neurologic symptomatic cryptococcal antigenemia, but negative CSF studies. Methods: We evaluated 1201 HIV-seropositive individuals hospitalized with suspected meningitis in Kampala and Mbarara, Uganda. Baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes of participants with CNS-symptomatic cryptococcal antigenemia and negative CSF CrAg were compared to participants with confirmed CSF CrAg+ cryptococcal meningitis. Additional CSF testing included microscopy, fungal culture, bacterial culture, TB culture, multiplex FilmArray PCR (Biofire), and Xpert MTB/Rif (Cepheid). Results: We found 56% (671/1201) of participants had confirmed CSF CrAg+ cryptococcal meningitis, and 4% (54/1201) had neurologic symptomatic cryptococcal antigenemia with negative CSF CrAg. Of those with negative CSF CrAg, 9% (5/54) had Cryptococcus isolated on CSF culture (n=3) or PCR (n=2), and 11% (6/54) had confirmed tuberculous meningitis. CSF CrAg-negative patients had lower proportions with CSF pleocytosis (16% vs 26% with >=5 white cells/mcL) and CSF opening pressure >200mmH2O (16% vs 71%) compared with CSF CrAg+. No cases of bacterial or viral meningitis were detected by CSF PCR or culture. In-hospital mortality was similar between symptomatic cryptococcal antigenemia (32%) and cryptococcal meningitis (31%) (P=.91). Conclusions: Cryptococcal antigenemia with meningitis symptoms was the third most common meningitis etiology. We postulate this is early cryptococcal meningoencephalitis. Fluconazole monotherapy was suboptimal, despite Cryptococcus-negative CSF. Further studies are warranted to understand the clinical course and optimal management of this distinct entity.


A quick-test method for the determination of the topographic characteristics of a CBN grinding wheel is developed based on acoustic emission technology. For implementing the strategy, an acoustic emission (AE) monitoring system was integrated into a 3 axis CNC grinding machine. A computer with specific software allows the signal acquisition and visualization of the AERMS signals, which are originated through interferences between the grinding wheel and dressing tool in a range of a few micrometers. The acquired AERMS signals from these interferences are used in order to establish an on-line map from the grinding wheel periphery, indicating the active cutting grains during the contact amid grinding wheel and dressing tool. The implementation of such activity supported by AE has led to satisfactory results regarding the required time to evaluate the strategy as well as the verified correlation with different grinding topographies caused by changes in the dressing parameters.


The article gives an overview of the European Court of Justice's (ECJ's) Trade Mark Case Law from 2004 to 2007. Particular attention is paid to the further development of the Community Trade Mark system; besides, judgments concerning the interpretation of the Trade Mark Directive, and in particular the interface between national trade marks and the Community trade mark system are covered. As for the ECJ's case law, a wide range of legal questions is covered. Seminal judgments have been rendered with regard to the absolute grounds for refusal, concerning in particular the problematic issues of trade mark protection for abstract colours or colour combinations and three-dimensional-shapes. In the last years, moreover, the focus of the ECJ's case law in the field of trade marks has more and more shifted from the absolute grounds for refusal to the relative grounds for refusal, and to the concepts of genuine, infringing and descriptive use. As a result, the ECJ has by now rendered leading decisions on almost all problematic and relevant issues in trade mark law. However, the author argues that although the basic concepts underpinning this case law are sound and stable, the ECJ sometimes falls short of their proper concretization and remains at a rather abstract level of legal assessment. Consequently, the author argues in favour of an even more interfering and active role of the ECJ which would certainly substantially contribute to a coherent development in the future.


On 1 January 2005, IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards)was mandatory for all listed companies within the European Union. The introduction is to create a transparent and consistent reporting. Mainly to provide companies, investors and financiers the same access to world capital markets. Since the introduction of IFRS, the goodwill value is determined by annual impairment tests. If an impairment of goodwill is a fact the goodwill decreases in value. The value of goodwill should be allocated to cash generating units or groups of cash generating units expected to benefit from goodwill, that is, achieve future positive payment surplus.The purpose of this study is to investigate whether goodwill impairment in Swedish listed companies is reflected in equity returns and to investigate in which quarter impairment is recognized and published.All companies listed on the Stockholm´s Large, Mid and Small Cap lists in 2011 were examined and goodwill impairment of the listed companies was studied over a five year period between years 2007 – 2011. A. Craig MacKinlays standard in event studies was used, where the cumulative average abnormal return (CAAR) was calculated to further carry out a hypothesis testing.The study shows an average reduction in yield of 1, 49 percent, but no statistically significant association between goodwill impairment and stock returns was found. The study also shows that goodwill impairment most frequently is published in the first quarter and that it is reported in the fourth quarter of previous year.


SOTERIA is focused on the 'safe long term operation of light water reactors'. This will be achieved through an improved understanding of radiation effects in nuclear structural materials. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under agreement No 661913.
 The overall aim of the SOTERIA project is to improve the understanding of the ageing phenomena occurring in ferritic reactor pressure vessel steels and in the austenitic internals in order to provide crucial information to regulators and operators to ensure safe long-term operation (LTO) of existing European nuclear power plants (NPPs). SOTERIA has set up a collaborative research consortium which gathers the main European research centers and industrial partners who will combine advanced modelling tools with the exploitation of experimental data to focus on two major objectives: i) to identify ageing mechanisms when materials face environmental degradation (such as e.g. irradiation and corrosion) and ii) to provide a single platform containing data and tools for reassessment of structural components during NPPs lifetime.
 This paper provides an overview of the ongoing activities within the SOTERIA Project that are contained within the analytical work-package (WP5.3). These fracture aspects are focused on the estimates of fracture in both ferritic steels and irradiation assisted stress corrosion cracking (IASCC) in austenitic stainless steels, under irradiated conditions. This analytical development is supported by analytical estimates of irradiation damage and the resulting changes in tensile behaviour of the steels elsewhere in SOTERIA, as well as a wider number of experimental programmes.
 Cleavage fracture estimates are being considered by a range of modelling estimates including the Beremin, Microstructurally Informed Brittle Fracture Model (MIBF), JFJ and Bordet Models with efforts being made to understand the influence of heterogeneity on the predicted toughness's. Efforts are also being considered to better understand ductile void evolution and the effect of plasticity on the cleavage fracture predictions. IASCC is being modelled through the INITEAC code previously developed within the predecessor project Perform 60 which is being updated to incorporate recent developments from within SOTERIA and elsewhere.


The CBCM (Controlled Behaviour Composite Material) is a thermal active composite, which has been developed for morphing applications. The thermal activation is made by a source of heating generated within the composite structure. The coupling between the induced thermal field and the thermomechanical properties of the various components of the composite structure leads to the change of the structure shape. The heat source is generated by Joule effect, Carbon yarns inserted in the composite, are connected to a power supply. The application field of CBCM technology is the domain of shape modification and active assembly. The objective of this work is to illustrate the capabilities of CBCM in the domain of vibration control. We will study several reference plates with different constitution. The influences of these different constitutions, of the CBCM effect and the loss of stiffness for the matrix will be highlighted, for two boundary conditions, free/free and embedded/embedded.


The finances of state and local pension plans are headline news almost daily.1 Indeed, although these plans were moving toward prefunding their promised benefits, two financial crises in 10 years have thrown them seriously off course. Measured by the standards of the Government Accounting Standards Board, between 2008 and 2009 the ratio of assets to liabilities for our sample of 126 plans dropped from 84 percent to 79 percent. But this decline is only the beginning of the bad news that will emerge as the losses are spread over the next several years. Furthermore, the funded levels are closer to 50 percent if liabilities are discounted by a riskless rate, as recommended by economists and financial experts.2 What do these numbers imply for the future of these plans? Here's what's happening. States and localities have increased contributions and extended retirement ages for new employees, but these changes will take a long time to have any substantial effect. In most states, constitutional protections and court rulings have prohibited public employers from cutting benefits for existing employees. Thus, the only option for a quick fix would be an infusion of tax revenues. But the recession has decimated tax revenues and increased the demand for state and local services. Thus, the question is whether these plans have enough assets to muddle along until the economy and the stock market recover. Or do they face a liquidity crisis? That is the subject of this brief. The discussion is as follows. The first section looks at the simple ratio of assets to benefits over time and across plans in 2009. The second section moves to a more dynamic approach and investigates two concepts for estimating when plans would run out of money. Under a "termination" concept, where benefits earned to date and plan assets are put in an "old" plan and normal cost payments cover all future accruals, most plans have enough assets to last for at least 15 years. Under a more realistic "ongoing" framework, where normal costs are used to cover benefit payments, most plans have enough for at least 30 years.


Computer simulations play an important role for evaluating designs in an early stages leading to that more informed decisions can be taken and thereby reducing the risk of costly re-design. In this paper, a platform currently in operation at an aeronautical company for doing extensive automated multi-objective design parameter studies on conceptual designs of aircraft engine components is studied. In the paper, an extension of the capability of the platform into making a rule-based evaluation of the welding manufacturability of the conceptual designs is proposed. The extension is tested by a prototype system at the air-craft manufacturer showing the relation between the design parameters and the manufacturability of the components. The results are presented as a manufacturability index showing what trade-offs with other performance criteria of the engine that can be made. It is shown that the manufacturability evaluation can be integrated in the knowledge value stream and supports a set-based concurrent engineering approach in the company.


Restrictions on roaming Until the past century or so, the movement of wild animals was relatively unrestricted, and their travels contributed substantially to ecological processes. As humans have increasingly altered natural habitats, natural animal movements have been restricted. Tucker et al. examined GPS locations for more than 50 species. In general, animal movements were shorter in areas with high human impact, likely owing to changed behaviors and physical limitations. Besides affecting the species themselves, such changes could have wider effects by limiting the movement of nutrients and altering ecological interactions. Science, this issue p. 466 Human alterations of the landscape shorten the distances traveled by individual animals. Animal movement is fundamental for ecosystem functioning and species survival, yet the effects of the anthropogenic footprint on animal movements have not been estimated across species. Using a unique GPS-tracking database of 803 individuals across 57 species, we found that movements of mammals in areas with a comparatively high human footprint were on average one-half to one-third the extent of their movements in areas with a low human footprint. We attribute this reduction to behavioral changes of individual animals and to the exclusion of species with long-range movements from areas with higher human impact. Global loss of vagility alters a key ecological trait of animals that affects not only population persistence but also ecosystem processes such as predator-prey interactions, nutrient cycling, and disease transmission.


This article presents a phonetically deened annotation system for German speech melody, whose descriptive units cover the perceptive relevant pitch movements. The units for the melodic annotation are based on the model for read German utterances 1]. The implementation of our descriptive melodic units as part of a recently developed labelling and testing environment for melodic aspects of speech allows a comfortable and intersubjective application of the melodic units for the annotation of speech. An experimental evaluation by a rating-experiment secures that the melodic units describe spontaneous speech as adequately as read speech


In the present paper I offer a report to the Society on our present knowledge regarding the genera of Carboniferous Brachiopoda found in Scotland, with remarks on their shell-structure and other external and internal characters; also a revised list of the Scottish species, as determined by the late Dr. Davidson and printed in vol. 5, part 3, of his "Monograph of the British Fossil Brachiopoda," for the Palæontographical Society, London, 1884. During the period of time embraced in the researches of Dr. Davidson, in connection with this monograph, extending from 1851 to 1884, an immense amount of knowledge has been gained not only of the genera and species of the Brachiopoda found within British strata, but likewise of those found in other countries of the world, as well as of those still living in recent seas. In the preface to the first volume of his work, 1853, Dr. Davidson writes thus of the group:—"Of all the species composing the sub-kingdom mollusca, none are, perhaps, more varied, more elegant in shape, or more abundantly distributed than those to which the term Brachiopoda or Palliobranchiata has been applied. They are found in the oldest deposits at present known to contain vestiges of animal life, and have continued to exist, some in similar, but many under different shapes to the existing forms, through the long successive periods which lead to the present time. Their full value to the geologist is consequently very great; and, as they so frequently fall under his hammer where This 250-word extract was created in the absence of an abstract


Renewable energy (RE) will play a significant role in national climate mitigation strategies, including those put forth in the context of the Paris Agreement. This article examines the role of industrial policy in supporting renewables and how it compares to the use of other types of RE policies in both location and quantity around the world. On the basis of an original database of RE policy support measures developed for this analysis, the article illustrates which measures are most commonly being used around the world and what types of countries are using them. It highlights the use of a wide range of policy types, including many industrial policies, and a disparity in the use of industrial policies between smaller emitters and larger emitters, with important implications for which countries stand to benefit from the development of domestic RE industries and for our ability to achieve long-term climate goals.


We demonstrated a simple UV nanoimprint method using vacuum packing. A glass substrate and a Si mold dropped with a photo-curable resist were vacuum-packed together in a packing sheet. They were pressed by atmospheric pressure and easily fixed without a complicated apparatus. We obtained a successful nanoimprint result for 100 nm width lines with high aspect ratio of 3.2. Further fine pattern of about 50 nm line width was also replicated using our simple method. The remaining thickness of the resist after imprint decreased with increasing the pressing pressure whereas it saturated due to the viscosity of the resist. This saturation tendency is well explained by the balance between the pressing force and the viscous force of the resist.


With two-stage least squares and LS models, this paper investigates the effects of real estate investment and loan preference on national happiness with data of 31 provinces in China from 2000 to 2018. The conclusions are that a rapid growth of real estate investment has significant adverse effects on national happiness in modern China. Specifically, real estate investment has negative impacts on disposable income, consumption structure, and personal development. Moreover, the rapid growth of real estate investment and institutions' loan preference leads to other inhibitory effects on national happiness. The intermediary effect model confirms the transmission mechanism of the rapid growth of real estate investment, the loan structure, and national happiness. According to our research, we propose conductive suggestions for the governments.


The present study describes the antifungal potency of Nigella sativa seeds extract and the effect of immunomodulatory of N. sativa against aflatoxin- fed mice. Disc diffusion method was used for antifungal efficacy of aqueous extract of N. sativa. In animal experiments, lymphoid cell count, total and differential counts of PEC, the phagocytic activity of PEC and detection of the plaque-forming were determined. E-rosette-forming cells (RFC), T-cell mitogenesis assay cells, ALT and AST were detected. The aqueous extract of N. sativa (50%) exhibited high inhibition zone with most of isolates of R. stolonifera.The results indicated that treatment of mice by using N. sativa showed marked rise in the number of cells from thymus and PLN with dose 0.50 g and absolute number and comparative ratio of macrophages (P < 0.01) with the doses 0.40 and 0.50 g. There is gradually rise in the scavenger activity of PEC with the dose 0.50 g at 60 min. Serum level of ALT was markedly reduced with dose 0.50 g as compared with a control group. These results indicated that N. sativa is promising modifier of biological response.


In this paper we explore the expert controversy over the management of a major rural risk issue, the foot and mouth disease (FMD) outbreak that affected the United Kingdom in 2001, and in particular the role of predictive epidemiological modeling in the decisionmaking process. We pose the questions of why this technique was identified as the right tool for the job by government and why, at the same time, its use was so fiercely contested by other experts in animal health. To set our analysis in context we outline briefly the causes, characteristics, and consequences of FMD together with its history in the United Kingdom. We then provide an account of the 2001 FMD outbreak and the policies that were employed to control the epidemic. In the main discussion we integrate the geographical concept of spatial practices with the concept, drawn from the sociology of scientific knowledge, of styles of scientific practice and apply this to the analysis of the knowledge practices and arguments of the scientific groups that advised on controlling the epidemic. We analyse the key differences between expert groups and their policy recommendations in terms of their different styles of scientific spatial practice. In the rhetorical boundary work of the opposing scientific groups we see these differences in 'style' being invoked to delineate the boundaries of 'sound science' and thereby legitimate their respective policy prescriptions. We conclude by discussing the relationship between styles of scientific spatial practice and recent trends in government policy style and its implications for future risk policy.


A new determination of the Lambda-nucleon coupling constants in relativistic mean field theory is presented by optimizing both hyperon binding energy and spin-orbit splitting.Hypernuclear single particle spectra with the new coupling constants suggest the good agreement between the calculation and available data.The spin-orbit splitting of hyperon in medium mass hypernuclei is systematically larger than that in light-or heavy-mass hypernuclei.The sensitivity of the Lambda spin-orbit splitting to the omega-Lambda-Lambda tensor coupling term is also explored.


From the aerial parts of Euphorbia helioscopia L. (Euphorbiaceae), a jatrophane diterpene ester, 5,11-jatrophadiene-3-benzoyloxy-7,9,14-tri-acetyloxy-15-ol and 2 lupane derivatives, lup-20(29)-ene-3-acetate and lup-20(29)-ene-3-palmitate, together with common triterpenoids of Euphorbiaceae, 24-methylene cycloartanol, 24-methylenecycloart-3-one, cycloartanol, and stigmast-4-ene-3-one were isolated. The last compounds, lup-20(29)-ene-3-acetate, 24-methylene cycloartanol, 24-methylenecycloart-3-one, cycloartanol, and stigmast-4-ene-3-one, were isolated for the first time from E. helioscopia}. The fractions and the isolates were tested for their vasodepressor effects using Wistar Albino rats, and 5,11-jatrophadiene-3-benzoyloxy-7,9,14-tri-acetyloxy- 15-ol, lup-20(29)-ene-3-acetate, and stigmast-4-ene-3-one were found to possess relevant activity. The structures of all of the compounds were identified with high field spectroscopic methods. The detailed spectroscopic data of compound 1 is given in the present study.


The management of solid waste is recognised as a challenging activity with respect to the environment, particularly within rapidly growing urban centres in Lower Income Countries. This paper examines the issue of landfill-waste-generated fires and resultant pollution plumes sourced within the Chunga Landfill Site, Lusaka, Zambia. The authors present the results of a geospatial analysis research programme to map and assess risks posed by landfill combustion. The project identified fires and their plumes in the period 2013 to 2019. Pollution plumes are predominantly oriented East to West but also form plumes blowing towards the South West and North West. The area impacted by landfill plumes increased from 34 ha in 2013 to 133 ha in 2019. There is significant existential and potential human-exposure to these plumes. An estimated 5000 residents live within the areas affected by landfill-combustion-plumes. The authors suggest the following framework for landfill management to be adopted: (1) for waste to be increasingly sorted and segregated with different disposal options developed for different types of waste; ( 2) for methane and gas evacuation pipes to be inserted into the Chunga Site in a systematic rectilinear manner which allows for its safe dispersal: alternately collect the gases as usable biogas; (3) rapid extinguishing of any fires; (4) weekly monitoring of the landfill site by UAV and on-theground inspections; (5) active weekly monitoring of air quality; (6) develop a communication strategy that aims to engage local residents and other stakeholders concerning Chunga Landfill waste management; (7) the further drafting of medium-long term waste management policy in Lusaka that takes account of the rapid population growth and increasing landfill requirements.


The deep image prior (DIP) is a well-established unsupervised deep learning method for image reconstruction; yet it is far from being flawless. The DIP overfits to noise if not early stopped, or optimized via a regularized objective. We build on the regularized fine-tuning of a pretrained DIP, by adopting a novel strategy that restricts the learning to the adaptation of singular values. The proposed SVD-DIP uses ad hoc convolutional layers whose pretrained parameters are decomposed via the singular value decomposition. Optimizing the DIP then solely consists in the fine-tuning of the singular values, while keeping the left and right singular vectors fixed. We thoroughly validate the proposed method on real-measured $\mu$CT data of a lotus root as well as two medical datasets (LoDoPaB and Mayo). We report significantly improved stability of the DIP optimization, by overcoming the overfitting to noise.


Abstract The aim of this scoping review was to give an overview of efficacy research on psychosocial interventions aimed at substance-abusing parents with children of up to the age of three. Throughout the overview, there was a focus on underlying assumptions and how the problem descriptions motivating the interventions corresponded with the solutions, i.e. the interventions in question. The data consisted of peer reviewed intervention studies (n = 22) identified through literature searches in online databases. Randomised controlled trial studies as well as quasi-experimental and pre-post studies were included. The results showed that all the studies included bar one focused exclusively on women as parents. Moreover, while the problem descriptions in the studies tended to be quite broad, framing parental substance abuse as a problem influenced by social and structural conditions, the solutions presented in the form of interventions generally had a narrower focus, addressing the individual parent from a psychological perspective only. In conclusion, the review points out the need for developing and evaluating interventions aimed at substance-abusing fathers as well as mothers, and also underscores the importance of these interventions being focused on a broader range of factors rather than just addressing deficits at the level of the individual.


The digital revolution in industry, buildings, and the Internet of Things will massively increase the number of sensor, actuator, and control devices in the near future. This will lead to the further automation of many tasks in the life cycle of the systems from design to commissioning and operation. Device and system models are a key enabler in this goal as they provide a holistic information pool that can be utilized by various tools and users along the life cycle. This paper analyzes the current state of the art of device and system models. It looks across different domains from industrial automation to building automation and sensor networks, defines the common tasks in their life cycle, and classifies the information required to execute and automate them. It compares 24 common device modeling approaches against these requirements and unveils how ready they are for the future and what they lack.


The study examines the political framing of Bill № 2342, which proposed the prohibition of discrimination based on sexual orientation in the labor sphere in Ukraine. Nineteen distinct frames developed by key political actors and interest groups were identified, united into four master-frames. The failure of the proponents of Bill 2342 to make their frames dominant in the public discussion is explained by the lack of consolidation within the pro-camp. The most resourceful proponents (political elites) shared the opponents' assumptions about homosexuality and LGB rights, which limited their ability to construct alternative frames. Heterogeneous frames developed by LGBT and human rights organizations did not provide any coherent response to the strong "traditional values/norms" frame used by the opponents from churches and the religious right. The study contributes to understanding the conditions for effective political framing strategies and their role in establishing and maintaining an anti-gay consensus on civil and economic rights in post-communist countries.


The Cerro Quema district, located on the Azuero Peninsula, Panama, is part of a large regional hydrothermal system controlled by regional faults striking broadly E-W, developed within the Rio Quema Formation. This formation is composed of volcanic, sedimentary and volcano-sedimentary rocks indicating a submarine depositional environment, corresponding to the fore-arc basin of a Cretaceous–Paleogene volcanic arc. The structures observed in the area and their tectono-stratigraphic relationship with the surrounding formations suggest a compressive and/or transpressive tectonic regime, at least during Late Cretaceous–Oligocene times. The igneous rocks of the Rio Quema Formation plot within the calc-alkaline field with trace and rare earth element (REE) patterns of volcanic arc affinity. This volcanic arc developed on the Caribbean large igneous province during subduction of the Farallon Plate. Mineralization consists of disseminations of pyrite and enargite as well as a stockwork of pyrite and barite with minor sphalerite, galena and chalcopyrite, hosted by a subaqueous dacitic lava dome of the Rio Quema Formation. Gold is present as submicroscopic grains and associated with pyrite as invisible gold. A hydrothermal alteration pattern with a core of advanced argillic alteration (vuggy silica with alunite, dickite, pyrite and enargite) and an outer zone of argillic alteration (kaolinite, smectite and illite) has been observed. Supergene oxidation overprinted the hydrothermal alteration resulting in a thick cap of residual silica and iron oxides. The ore minerals, the alteration pattern and the tectono-volcanic environment of Cerro Quema are consistent with a high sulfidation epithermal system developed in the Azuero peninsula during pre-Oligocene times


Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers functionalized with amine groups (PAN-NH2) were prepared using a simple one-step reaction route. The PAN-NH2 nanofibers were investigated for the removal of chromium(VI) from aqueous solutions. The adsorption and the kinetic characteristics were evaluated in batch process. The adsorption process showed pH dependence and the maximum Cr(VI) adsorption occurred at pH = 2. The Langmuir adsorption model described well the experimental adsorption data and estimated a maximum loading capacity of 156 mg/g, which is a markedly high value compared to other adsorbents reported. The kinetics studies indicated that the equilibrium was attained after 90 min and the experimental data followed a pseudo-second order model suggesting a chemisorption process as the rate limiting step. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) revealed that the adsorption of Cr(VI) species on PAN-NH2 was facilitated through both electrostatic attraction and surface complexation. High desorption efficiency (> 90%) of Cr(VI) was achieved using diluted base solutions that may allow the reuse of PAN-NH2 nanofibers.


The paper aims at providing practical implementation details of a system for privacy policy enforcement and role based access control of data. The implementation is inspired by the lack of privacy policy enforcement in present application systems. Till now access control has been achieved by coding the required access policies in the application layer or by defining specific roles. This leaves less scope for scalability of the system when the need arises. We attempt to provide privacy aware access control framework that end developers can use for developing their applications. This system will be responsible for automatically implementing the policy enforcement. The developers can then freely utilize the functionality of our system to only focus upon writing their applications.


In this project, the Marine Fishery Information System has been suggested with the help of Remote Sensing and GIS. The information system provides the suitable site for Aquaculture including offshore and onshore of the Tuticorin Coastal area in Tamilnadu, India and Marine Fish Resources system provides location details about fish resources such as Prawn grounds, Pearl Oyster beds, Small Fishes and Chunk beds in Gulf of Mannar, India. The site suitability analysis for Aquaculture delineate with the help of Multi Criteria Evaluation (MCE) technique. Satellite Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) have a decisive role in providing regular, synoptic, multi-spectral coverage of an area. With the launching of the Indian Remote Sensing Satellites (IRS) a wide range of Remote Sensing data at different spatial and spectral resolutions are now available for the monitoring and management of natural resources. GIS technique help in the integration of databases covering a variety of relevant parameters in an efficient manner. At the present moment, the following parameters are considered in site selection conflicting uses of area, settlements, waste lands, salt pan, pollution, depth profile, distance from the sea, distance from the land, coastal topography, and water bodies, soil, geology and geomorphology. The main goal of this research is to delineate the suitable area for Aquaculture and Marine Fish Resources mapping through the various Image Processing Technique, Field Survey and GIS analysis, using IRS P6 LISS 3, LANDSAT ETM, MODIS Level 2 satellite image, Bathymetry Sounding Point, Electronic Navigational Chart and various parameters data bases.


This article examines the "issue class action," an increasingly popular class action device with dubious legitimacy within the current Rule 23. Rather than certifying a claim or set of claims on behalf of a plaintiff class, the issue class action permits courts to certify only certain parts of those claims. The central appeal of this approach is that it evades the strict constraints of Rule 23(b)(3), which demands that issues common to the class predominate over issues that require individualized adjudication. For class actions that cannot meet the predominance test, the issue class action appears as the next best alternative to securing litigation efficiencies and leveling the playing field for plaintiffs.In previous articles, I have contended that Rule 23 does not currently authorize the issue class action. Indeed, the subcommittee of the Civil Rules Advisory Committee tasked with drafting proposed Rule 23 amendments initially identified the codification of the issue class action as one of its major objectives. The Rule 23 Subcommittee determined that expressly codifying the issue class action was unnecessary in light of an erroneous assessment that lower courts have reached consensus on the issue class action in its current Rule 23 iteration. To the contrary, I contend that there are at least three conflicting approaches to issue class action certification even among the circuits that have directly addressed the subject. This article offers a comparative analysis of three models of issue class certification standards developed by courts and commentators. The decision not to codify the issue class action also represents a missed opportunity to reexamine the entirety of Rule 23 to assess the impact of this new species of class action on other rule provisions. The class action rule was developed to adjudicate claims, not issues, and many its provisions reflect that understanding in their repeated references to a class "judgment," which may not readily apply to an issue class adjudication that will not result in a final judgment. And given that damages will not ordinarily be included in an issue class action, attorney fee provisions should be revised to accommodate the unique fee structure required by issue class actions.Codification of the issue class action through the Rules Enabling Act process would have given this novel form of class action not only important rulemaking legitimacy, it might also have included a holistic examination of the role and scope of the issue class action vis-a-vis other Rule 23 provision. Such an approach would have been far superior to the alternative, rulemaking by judicial fiat that amounts to a mishmash of scattered opinions and continuing uncertainty as to the proper meaning and scope of the issue class action.


Abstract Magnetic bearing systems incorporate auxiliary bearings to prevent physical interaction between rotor and stator laminations. Rotor/auxiliary bearing contacts may occur when a magnetic bearing still retains a full control capability. To actively return the rotor to a non-contacting state it is essential to determine the manner in which contact events affect the rotor vibration signals used for position control. An analytical procedure is used to assess the nature of rotor contact modes under idealized contacts. Non-linearities arising from contact and magnetic bearing forces are then included in simulation studies involving rigid and flexible rotors to predict rotor response and evaluate rotor synchronous vibration components. An experimental flexible rotor/magnetic bearing facility is also used to validate the predictions. It is shown that changes in synchronous vibration amplitude and phase induced by contact events causes existing controllers to be ineffective in attenuating rotor displacements. These findings are used in Part 2 of the paper as a foundation for the design of new controllers that are able to recover rotor position control under a range of contact cases.


We evaluated five quantitative, commercially available radioimmunoassay methods (Beta-Tec, BlO-RIA, Cambridge Nuclear, Mallinckrodt, and Serono) for rapid determination of the beta-subunit of human choriogonadotropin in serum or plasma. Only three of the kits (Beta-Tec, Mallinckrodt, and Serono) were found suitable for reliable determination of low concentrations of this analyte, which is of importance in the early diagnosis of trophoblastic disease in men and monitoring effectiveness of chemotherapy of trophoblastic tumors in men and women.


In this article we examined the ways in which strategic ambiguity (Eisenberg, 1984) in the use of keywords (Williams, 1976/1983) served an enabling function within a discourse marked by conflict and ideological divisions. Our analysis focused on the intertextual relationships between five documents intended by the government to guide the development of biotechnology in New Zealand. Through our analysis we identified 'sustainability' as a keyword and three major roles for the deployment of the discourse strategy of strategic ambiguity in the use of this keyword. First, strategic ambiguity lent an internal and intertextual coherence to the texts (albeit superficial). Second, it allowed multiple perspectives and objectives to co-exist. Third, strategic ambiguity facilitated the participation of discourse actors who subscribed to ideologies that were more or less incommensurable.


IMPORTANCE
Oral propranolol hydrochloride treatment has been proven effective for infantile hemangiomas. To our knowledge, this study is the first to report multiple cases in which oral propranolol therapy was used for patients with circumscribed choroidal hemangioma.

OBSERVATIONS
Five patients with circumscribed choroidal hemangioma were treated at Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan, from 2011 to 2012. Oral propranolol hydrochloride was initiated at 10 mg 3 times a day and was increased monthly by 30 mg/d until the desired effects were observed. The mean (SD) height of the tumor (based on the B-mode at the end of the study) was 84.5% (13.6%) relative to the initial height. Similarly, the mean (SD) tumor area (based on indocyanine green angiography) was 94.2% (6.0%), the mean (SD) visual acuity was 0.04 (0.21) logMAR, and the mean (SD) Humphrey visual field mean deviation was -0.98 (1.1) dB. In 3 patients with macular edema, the mean (SD) foveal thickness (measured with optical coherence tomography) was 114.0% (13.9%).

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
Although oral propranolol therapy may partially improve the condition of patients with circumscribed choroidal hemangioma, it does not seem to have a critical therapeutic effect, at least at blood concentrations lower than 50 to 100 ng/mL.

TRIAL REGISTRATION
umin.ac.jp/ctr Identifier: UMIN000006623.


Influenced by the era of the sharing economy and mobile payment, Dockless Bike-Sharing System (Dockless BSS) is expanding in many major cities. The mobility of users constantly leads to supply and demand imbalance, which seriously affects the total profit and customer satisfaction. In this paper, we propose the Spatio-Temporal Mixed Integer Program (STMIP) with Flow-graphed Community Discovery (FCD) approach to rebalancing the system. Different from existing studies that ignore the route of trucks and adopt a centralized rebalancing, our approach considers the spatio-temporal information of trucks and discovers station communities for truck-based rebalancing. First, we propose the FCD algorithm to detect station communities. Significantly, rebalancing communities decomposes the centralized system into a distributed multi-communities system. Then, by considering the routing and velocity of trucks, we design the STMIP model with the objective of maximizing total profit, to find a repositioning policy for each station community. We design a simulator built on real-world data from DiDi Chuxing to test the algorithm performance. The extensive experimental results demonstrate that our approach outperforms in terms of service level, profit, and complexity compared with the state-of-the-art approach.


Introduction to Contract Theories and The Justification of Contractual Obligations comprise Chapters 2 and 4 of Contract Theory (Oxford University Press, 2004). The book provides a comprehensive discussion of, and contribution to, contemporary contract theory. Part 1 examines methodological issues, setting out frameworks for distinguishing different kinds of theoretical work about contract law and for evaluating the interpretive theories that are the book's focus. Part II, which includes the above chapters, discusses general theories of contract - theories that attempt to explain the basic notion of contractual obligation and, by implication, most of the main substantive features of contract law. An example is the idea that contractual obligations are rights-based promissory obligations. Introduction to Contract Theories explains the importance, when comparing general theories, of distinguishing analytic questions about the nature of contractual obligations (e.g., are contracts promissory obligations or reliance-based obligations) from normative questions about the justification for contractual obligations (e.g., are contractual obligations justified by rights-based moralities or utilitarian moralities) and provides a classification scheme based on this distinction. The Justification of Contractual Obligations then discusses the normative question in more detail, focusing on rights-based and utilitarian accounts of contract law (using economic theories as the main example of the latter). The chapter explains the basic assumptions of each theory, how each account for the main features of contract law, and the most important objections to each theory. It is argued that despite the radically different explanations of the law offered by rights-based and utilitarian theories (as highlighted by their approaches to remedies), each fits equally well (or poorly) with the main contract law doctrines. The main differences between rights-based and utilitarian theories concern how well each is able to account for the fact that contract law, like law generally, is presented and understood from the internal perspective as both justified (morally) and transparent (meaning that the reasons for a rule or decision are the real reasons). The chapter concludes that the most significant difference between these two groups of theories is that rights-based theories better satisfy the transparency criterion. Finally, Part III of the book examines in more detail the theoretical issues raised by the main substantive contract law doctrines (e.g., offer and acceptance, interpretation, remedies, etc.). An overview of this discussion can be found in the Preface and Table of Contents that are available to download together with Chapters 2 and 4.


Wind power generation is experiencing a tremendous growth over the past few decades in terms of the individual turbine size as well as the total installed capacity. Power electronics has played a significant role in bringing about this change as they are a technical solution to wind turbine's electrical difficulties. This paper analyses the need for power electronic converters in wind turbine systems. Nowadays, the proportion of power integrated into the grid is accelerating at a very fast pace. A grid fault might lead to a decline in the voltage (dip) resulting in an extensive tripping of the wind turbines leading to voltage instabilities and blackouts. To ensure continuous operation, low voltage ride through (LVRT) requirements of the wind turbines must be met. LVRT is achieved by using energy storage devices. High voltage ride through prevents the occurrence of overvoltage conditions across the network by using a crowbar circuit arrangement across the DC link. In this paper, a 2MW wind turbine system (WTS) employing a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) connected to the network through a back-to-back power converter is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink. From the results, it can be observed that to meet the interconnection requirements of the grid such as voltage, frequency, power, harmonics, etc. with the wind turbine characteristics, it is essential to employ power converters. Control system on generator side converter is designed to control the speed of the PMSG to ensure Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) while the grid side converter control system controls the DC link bus voltage and the sinusoidal nature of the voltage and current given to the grid.


1 The arctic environment is highly heterogeneous in terms of plant distribution and productivity. If we are to make regional scale predictions of carbon exchange it is necessary to find robust relationships that can simplify this variability. One such potential relationship is that of leaf area to photosynthetic CO2 flux at the canopy scale. 2 In this paper we assess the effectiveness of canopy leaf area in explaining variation in gross primary productivity (GPP): (i) across different vegetation types; (ii) at various stages of leaf development; and (iii) under enhanced nutrient availability. To do this we measure net CO2 flux light response curves with a 1 × 1 m chamber, and calculate GPP at a photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 600 µmol m−2 s−1. 3 At a subarctic site in Sweden, we report 10‐fold variation in GPP among natural vegetation types with leaf area index (LAI) values of 0.05–2.31 m2 m−2. At a site of similar latitude in Alaska we document substantially elevated rates of GPP in fertilized vegetation. 4 We can explain 80% of the observed variation in GPP in natural vegetation (including vegetation measured before deciduous leaf bud burst) by leaf area alone, when leaf area is predicted from measurements of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). 5 In fertilized vegetation the relative increase in leaf area between control and fertilized treatments exceeds the relative increase in GPP. This suggests that higher leaf area causes increased self‐shading, or that lower leaf nitrogen per unit leaf area causes a reduction in the rate of photosynthesis. 6 The results of this study indicate that canopy leaf area is an excellent predictor of GPP in diverse low arctic tundra, across a wide range of plant functional types.


We suggest an alternative framework for interpreting the current state of the visible universe. Our approach is based on a dynamical " Cosmological Constant " and the starting point is that a decaying vacuum produces matter. By assuming inflation and big bang nucleosynthesis we can solve for the present fractional densities of matter Ω m,0 and vacuum Ω Λ,0 in terms of only one parameter which we call the vacuum domination crossing redshift, z c. We put constraints on z c to obtain a universe that is presently vacuum dominated and with characteristic densities consistent with observations. The model points to the possible existence of newly formed dark matter in the inter-cluster voids. We argue that some of this matter could be accreting onto clusters through the latter's long range gravitational potentials. If so, then cluster dark matter halos may not manifest clear cutoffs in their radial density profiles. Furthermore, if a substantial amount of this newly produced matter has already drained onto the clusters, then the CMB power spectrum may favor lower dark matter density values than is currently observed bound in the clusters. A final feature of our approach relates to the combined effect of the matter production by a decaying vacuum and the different rates at which matter and the vacuum will dilute with the scale factor. Such combination may create conditions for a universe in which the vacuum and matter densities dilute and evolve towards comparable amplitudes. In this sense the model offers a natural and conceptually simple explanation to the Coincidence Problem.


This thesis explores amateur video description facilitated through the video description software program called LiveDescribe. Twelve amateur describers created video description which was reviewed by 76 sighted, low vision, and blind reviewers. It was found that describers were able to not only produce description but that their descriptions seem to be perceived as having an acceptable level of quality. Three describers were found to be rated as "good", three were rated as "weak" and the remaining six were in a "medium" category. The common factors that appeared to characterize the good describers were a soft non-obtrusive voice, a moderate amount of well placed descriptions, moderate description lengths and English as a first language spoken without an accent or regional dialect. It was found that LiveDescribe was a useful and easy to use tool and that it facilitated a video description work flow process for amateur describers.


The ambition in this study is to acknowledge the importance of involving local people in sustainable development work. Also to emphasize the great value of collaboration between global organisations, grassroots organisations and local people in the progress of development work. The method being used in this thesis is mainly semi-structured interviews with six representatives from four different non-governmental organisations, NGOs. Two of these organisations have a more environmental and conservation purpose while the other two focus more on the human perspective as they are working with empowerment, education and food security.The area that I have chosen for this research is called Nilgiris which is located in south India. In this research I focused on World Wildlife Fund, WWF, as a global organisation and the purpose is to see whether or not they collaborate with some of the local grassroots organisations in the area. Local organisations generally have good contact with the local people so I consider them as a link between the global organisation and the local people. The theories I have used are a theory of sustainable development, which argues that none of the three approaches, economic, environmental or social can be excluded when sustainable development is pursued. I have also focused on Participatory Rural Appraisal, PRA, this theory is underlying the importance of the local people's involvement and that organisations must trust the local people's capacity. The third theory for this research is three interpretations of environment. The conclusion is that co-operation between the global and local organisations are essential in the process of making good sustainable development. The local people that are being affected and emerged in various development projects need to be involved and informed about the project´s aim for the projects to be successful.


Following the privatisation programme of public utilities implemented by the UK government in the 1980s and early 1990s, an interesting debate on the impact of regulation on the cost of equity capital has emerged. While the effects of regulatory announcements have been studied extensively in the USA, there is very little systematic evidence in the UK. This thesis partly redresses this imbalance by analysing the impact of regulatory announcements on the ex-post returns of equity capital and systematic risk of three utility industries in the UK, namely the electricity, telecommunications and water industries. The main objective of this thesis is to test the impact of regulatory announcements that relate to competition, pricing and the quality of services on the return and risk of equity capital. By using an event-study type methodology, the thesis attempts to isolate the effects of regulation from technical and market uncertainties. The methodology normally used in this type of studies is extended to adjust for the well-documented problem in financial time series of volatility clustering and to allow for changes in the systematic risk through time. Overall, the results in the empirical chapters reveal some important issues. While it is clear from the debate in the literature that the cost of capital influences the choice of regulatory parameters, this thesis provides evidence to support the view that regulation in turn alters the cost of equity capital by affecting the ex-post returns and systematic risk of both individual regulated companies and industries. Although the direction and size of these effects of regulation are not always easy to predict, there is evidence to suggest that they may depend crucially on the structure and competitive posture of the industry, as well as technological and market conditions and the parameters of the regulatory system.


Prolyl endopeptidase is a serine proteinase that specifically cleaves peptides on the carboxy side of proline residues. Wilk & Orlowski [(1983) J. Neurochem. 41, 69-75] have shown that benzyloxycarbonyl-prolyl-prolinal (Z-prolyl-prolinal) is a potent inhibitor of prolyl endopeptidase. We show that Z-prolyl-prolinal is a slow-binding inhibitor of mouse brain prolyl endopeptidase with Ki 0.35 +/- 0.05 nM. Kinetic analysis indicates that the mechanism is a simple, but slow, reversible equilibrium between free and bound enzyme (E + I in equilibrium EI) with rate constants for association (kon) and dissociation (koff) of 1.6 X 10(5) M-1.s-1 and approx. 4 X 10(-5) s-1 respectively. Slow-binding inhibition is dependent on the presence of the aldehyde group since the alcohol (Z-prolyl-prolinol) is a rapid and 50,000-fold poorer inhibitor (Ki 19 microM). Prolyl endopeptidase from human brain is also inhibited by Z-prolyl-prolinal with kinetics similar to those of the mouse brain enzyme.


Abstract As climate change adaptation is becoming a recognized policy issue, the need is growing for quantitative economic evaluation of adaptation-related public investment, particularly in the context of climate finance. Irrigation, which enhances and stabilizes water supplies for farming, is a potential means of climate change adaptation, but attempts at economic evaluation of its effectiveness as an adaptation measure are few, in part because such assessments require an integration of various types of simulation analyses. Against this background, we conduct a case study of a Kenyan irrigation development project using a combination of simulation models to evaluate the effectiveness of that project for climate change adaptation. The results show that despite the uncertainties in precipitation trends, increased temperatures due to climate change have a general tendency to reduce rice yields, and that irrigation development will mitigate income impacts from the yield loss, i.e., will likely be effective as a means for climate change adaptation.


This report documents the outcomes of the first international survey of education sector readiness to manage and mitigate the impact of HIV and AIDS. Ministries of education (MoEs) in 71 countries and civil society organizations in 18 countries were interviewed in person and electronically in separate research processes. Both surveys were conducted in 2004 on behalf of the UNAIDS Inter-Agency Task Team (IATT) on Education. The Global Readiness Survey (GRS) of 71 MoEs was conducted by the Mobile Task Team (MTT) on the Impact of HIV and AIDS on Education and the Civil Society Survey (CSS) of 18 civil society country interactions was conducted by the Global Campaign for Education (GCE). It should be noted that the GRS research process involved the completion of the questionnaire by an internal committee of senior MoE officials convened for this purpose independent of an external researcher. Thus the process generated what might be described as self-reported information rather than data in a conventional sense; while this may have its limitations it nevertheless provides an important insight into the internal perceptions and assumptions of the MoEs involved. (excerpt)


Hydroiodonation of trifluoromethyl propargylic alcohols 1 regio- and stereoselectively produce (Z)-2-iodo-3-trifluoromethyl allylic alcohols 2. (Z)-2-Alkynyl-3-trifluoromethyl allylic alcohols 5, available through Pd(PPh3)4-mediated coupling of 2 and terminal alkynes 4, cyclize and subsequently isomerize to 3-trifluoroethylfurans 6 upon catalysis under PdCl2(CH3CN)2 in THF at 5−10 °C.


The heliosphere was in a state of ideal solar minimum conditions for at least three years up to the end of 2009. During this period the highest ever recorded cosmic ray spectra were observed at the Earth. Fortunately, the PAMELA and Ulysses KET instruments simultaneously observed proton intensities for most of the period between July 2006 and June 2009, while Voyager 1 made observations in the outer heliosphere. This provides a good opportunity to compare the basic features of a comprehensive numerical model for the global modulation of cosmic rays in the heliosphere with these observations. Global gradients for protons are computed with the model for this prolonged solar minimum of cycle 23/24. This is done for both radial and latitudinal gradients, with the latter possible because Ulysses changed its position significantly in the heliocentric meridional plane during this period. The modulation model is set up for the conditions that prevailed during this unusual solar minimum period so that insight is gained on what role particle drifts played in establishing the observed gradients for this period. Good agreement is found between computed and observed gradients so that we conclude that the model gives a most reasonable representation of modulation conditions from the Earth to the heliopause for the mentioned period. These results can be used to refine the theory for diffusion, particle drifts and turbulence in the heliosphere.


Existing narratives on same-sex intimacies in Africa have largely shed light on the ways in which religion and custom serve as a limiting factor to the rights of same-sex partners. Less attention has been paid to the politicisation of homosexuality as well as the tensions and cooperation among the differing normative authorities in society. Using homosexual controversies in Ghana as a case in point, this paper interrogates the political valence of religious and customary notions of sexuality. I examine the religion-state relationship by showing how the State of Ghana relies on its domestic sources of plural legal orders and authorities to assert its sovereignty over external interventions. The paper rests on an analysis of the worth of ethnographic materials and existing literature to argue that religious and customary paradigms on marriage and sexuality provide avenues for contesting external political pressure and legal influence.


There is now a far greater level of heterogeneity in the university cohort in age, experience and cultural and socio-economic backgrounds than in the past. This means that assumptions about the equality of student knowledge and ability that may still exist could be causing difficulties for female and male students who are not school leavers or native English speakers. The issues faced by mature-age, international, and low socio- economic background female and male students are diverse and the potential strategies to assist in retaining current students and attracting future students are varied. Therefore, the strategies employed must address as many of these issues as possible in a comprehensive approach. The strategies suggested in the program proposed here are expected to achieve this end by providing multiple pathways in the first year of an ICT degree to address varying levels of experience and knowledge. This will be combined with social activities and a hub for student services provided by an ICT club intended to be a friendly and welcoming space for minority students whether that is by gender and/or cultural, language or economic background.


Background Several recent reviews of the methods used to set research priorities have identified the CHNRI method (acronym derived from the "Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative") as an approach that clearly became popular and widely used over the past decade. In this paper we review the first 50 examples of application of the CHNRI method, published between 2007 and 2016, and summarize the most important messages that emerged from those experiences. Methods We conducted a literature review to identify the first 50 examples of application of the CHNRI method in chronological order. We searched Google Scholar, PubMed and so–called grey literature. Results Initially, between 2007 and 2011, the CHNRI method was mainly used for setting research priorities to address global child health issues, although the first cases of application outside this field (eg, mental health, disabilities and zoonoses) were also recorded. Since 2012 the CHNRI method was used more widely, expanding into the topics such as adolescent health, dementia, national health policy and education. The majority of the exercises were focused on issues that were only relevant to low– and middle–income countries, and national–level applications are on the rise. The first CHNRI–based articles adhered to the five recommended priority–setting criteria, but by 2016 more than two–thirds of all conducted exercises departed from recommendations, modifying the CHNRI method to suit each particular exercise. This was done not only by changing the number of criteria used, but also by introducing some entirely new criteria (eg, "low cost", "sustainability", "acceptability", "feasibility", "relevance" and others). Conclusions The popularity of the CHNRI method in setting health research priorities can be attributed to several key conceptual advances that have addressed common concerns. The method is systematic in nature, offering an acceptable framework for handling many research questions. It is also transparent and replicable, because it clearly defines the context and priority–setting criteria. It is democratic, as it relies on "crowd–sourcing". It is inclusive, fostering "ownership" of the results by ensuring that various groups invest in the process. It is very flexible and adjustable to many different contexts and needs. Finally, it is simple and relatively inexpensive to conduct, which we believe is one of the main reasons for its uptake by many groups globally, particularly those in low– and middle–income countries.


The objective of this work was to determine the influence of the aliphatic side chain of anacardic acid on molecular recognition properties of imprinted polymers made from anacardanyl methacrylate (AnMcr). Salicylic methacrylate (SaMcr), a structural analog of AnMcr, was synthesized and used as a functional monomer to prepare imprinted polymers for comparison with AnMcr-based polymers. Using divinylbenzene (DVB) as a cross linker and racemic propranolol as a model template, irregular monolithic particles of poly(SaMcr-co-DVB)m were synthesized in toluene, and spherical beads of poly(SaMcr-co-DVB)b and poly(AnMcr-co-DVB)b were synthesized in acetonitrile by precipitation polymerization. Although imprinted irregular monolithic particles, poly(SaMcr-co-DVB)m, tested in toluene containing 0.5% acetic acid, displayed relatively low specific propranolol binding, they showed high molecular selectivity. For the spherical beads tested in acetonitrile, both imprinted poly(AnMcr-co-DVB)b and poly(SaMcrco-DVB)b showed obvious specific propranolol binding despite the use of polar organic solvent during imprinting. Imprinted poly(AnMcr-co-DVB)b showed higher molecular selectivity than imprinted poly(SaMcr-co-DVB)b. Interestingly, the presence of the aliphatic side chain in AnMcr resulted in more uniform imprinted beads as compared to particle agglomerates obtained from SaMcr in the presence of propranolol template. Therefore, the aliphatic side chain of anacardic acid improves both molecular recognition of imprinted polymers as well as the formation  of uniform imprinted spherical beads. Keywords: Molecular imprinting, anacardanyl methacrylate, salicylic methacrylate, propranolol, precipitation polymerization


This report summarizes a symposium sponsored by the American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics at Experimental Biology held April 20-24 in Boston, MA. Presentations discussed the status of cytochrome P450 (P450) knowledge, emphasizing advances and challenges in relating structure with function and in applying this information to drug design. First, at least one structure of most major human drugmetabolizing P450 enzymes is known. However, the flexibility of these active sites can limit the predictive value of one structure for other ligands. A second limitation is our coarse-grain understanding of P450 interactions with membranes, other P450 enzymes, NADPH–cytochrome P450 reductase, and cytochrome b5. Recent work has examined differential P450 interactions with reductase in mixed P450 systems and P450:P450 complexes in reconstituted systems and cells, suggesting another level of functional control. In addition, protein nuclear magnetic resonance is a new approach to probe these protein/protein interactions, identifying interacting b5 and P450 surfaces, showing that b5 and reductase binding are mutually exclusive, and demonstrating ligand modulation of CYP17A1/b5 interactions. One desired outcome is the application of such information to control drug metabolism and/or design selective P450 inhibitors. A final presentation highlighted development of a CYP3A4 inhibitor that slows clearance of human immunodeficiency virus drugs otherwise rapidly metabolized by CYP3A4. Although understanding P450 structure/function relationships is an ongoing challenge, translational advances will benefit from continued integration of existing and new biophysical approaches.


Care of the cancer patient has become fractionated toward maintaining the physiological integrity of the patient's life support systems, e.g., the hematopoietic or neurological systems. The concept of total continuing care for the cancer patient is illustrated in this description of a pilot hospice project in a community medical center. The project also illustrates the concept of team support by the health care staff and volunteers. The total continuing care unit described provides support and care which makes living not just possible, but worthwhile, for cancer patients.


Sound - one of the central elements of poetry - finds itself all but ignored in the current discourse on lyric forms. The essays collected here by Marjorie Perloff and Craig Dworkin break that critical silence to readdress some of the fundamental connections between poetry and sound - connections that go far beyond traditional metrical studies. Ranging from medieval Latin lyrics to a cyborg opera, sixteenth-century France to twentieth-century Brazil, romantic ballads to the contemporary avant-garde, "The Sound of Poetry/The Poetry of Sound" explores such subjects as the translatability of lyric sound, the historical and cultural roles of rhyme, the role of sound repetition in novelistic prose, the connections between 'sound poetry' and music and between the visual and the auditory, the role of the body in performance, and the impact of recording technologies on the lyric voice. Along the way, the essays take on the 'ensemble discords' of Maurice Sceve's Delie, Ezra Pound's use of 'Chinese whispers', the alchemical theology of Hugo Ball's Dada performances, Jean Cocteau's modernist radiophonics, and an intercultural account of the poetry reading as a kind of dubbing. A genuinely comparatist study, "The Sound of Poetry/The Poetry of Sound" is designed to challenge current preconceptions about what Susan Howe has called 'articulations of sound forms in time' as they have transformed the expanded poetic field of the twenty-first century.


Optimal matching (OM) is a method for measuring the similarity between pairs of sequences (e.g., work histories). This article discusses two problems with optimal matching. First, the author identifies a flaw in OM ''indel costs'' and proposes a solution to this flaw. Second, the author discusses the need for benchmarks to measure the added value of OM and to test competing versions. To that end, the author conducts an empirical test of traditional OM, the alternative localized OM, and sequence comparison. The test documents the problem with traditional OM and shows that it is solved by localized OM. The test also demonstrates the value of OM and sequence comparison in examining occupational sequences; both methods capture variation beyond traditional human capital and status attainment measures, although the marginal improvements of OM over sequence comparison may not justify its computational complexity. These results point to the need for more systematic approaches to sequence analysis methods.


Abstract Clinicians do not want to miss underlying serious pathology, but it is still unclear which red flags are relevant. We aimed to evaluate the origin and evidence on diagnostic accuracy of red flags for malignancy for management of low back pain (LBP) in primary care. We performed a comprehensive overview and searched the literature using snowballing techniques and reference checking for evidence on red flags endorsed in clinical guidelines for identifying patients with higher likelihood of malignancy. We selected studies including people with LBP without any restriction on study design. We extracted data on prevalence and diagnostic accuracy. Furthermore, we assessed the methodological quality of studies evaluating diagnostic accuracy. We identified 13 red flags endorsed in a total of 16 guidelines and 2 extra red flags not endorsed in any guideline. We included 33 publications varying from systematic reviews to case reports. The origin of many red flags was unclear or was sourced from case reports. The incidence of malignancy in patients presenting with LBP in primary care varied between 0% and 0.7%. Seven studies provided diagnostic accuracy data on red flags. We found 5 red flags with accuracy data from 2 or more studies, with 2 ("history of malignancy" and "strong clinical suspicion") considered informative. In conclusion, the origin and diagnostic accuracy of many red flags endorsed in guidelines are unclear. A "history of malignancy" and "strong clinical suspicion" are the only red flags with empirical evidence of acceptably high diagnostic accuracy.


OBJECTIVES
To determine whether chest radiographs can contribute to prognosis in patients with acute heart failure (AHF).

MATERIAL AND METHODS
Consecutive patients with AHF were enrolled by the participating emergency departments. Radiographic variables assessed were the presence or absence of evidence of cardiomegaly and pleural effusion and the pulmonary parenchymal pattern observed (vascular redistribution, interstitial edema, and/or alveolar edema). We gathered variables for the AHF episode and the patient's baseline state. Outcomes were in-hospital and 1-year mortality; hospital stay longer than 7 days, and a composite of events within 30 days of discharge (revisit, rehospitalization, and/or death). Crude and adjusted hazard ratios were calculated for the 3 categories of radiographic variables. The variables were also studied in combination.

RESULTS
A total of 2703 patients with a mean (SD) age of 81 (19) years were enrolled; 54.5% were women. Cardiomegaly was observed in 1711 cases (76.8%) and pleural effusion in 992 (36.7%). A pulmonary parenchymal pattern was observed in all cases, as follows: vascular redistribution in 1672 (61.9%), interstitial edema in 629 (23.3%) and alveolar edema in 402 (14.9%). The adjusted hazard ratios showed that cardiomegaly lacked prognostic value. However, the presence of pleural effusion was associated with a 23% (95% CI, 2%-49%) higher rate of the 30- day composite outcome; in-hospital mortality was 89% (30%-177%) higher in the presence of alveolar edema, and 1-year mortality was 38% (14%-67%) higher in association with vascular redistribution. The results for the variables in combination were consistent with the results for individual variables.

CONCLUSION
A diagnostic chest radiograph can also contribute to the prediction of adverse events. Pleural effusion is associated with a higher rate of events after discharge, and alveolar edema is associated with higher mortality.


In this paper, an electromagnetic tracking method that uses two rotating orthogonal coils is proposed. Two cross-shaped coils can rotate together and be driven in sequence to generate a magnetic field. One of the rotating orthogonal coils is used to track the position of the three-axis sensor and the other is to help solve the orientation of the sensor. As rotation can provide a geometrical relationship between the magnetic source and the sensor, the method does not require the generated magnetic field to imitate the ideal dipole in calculation. A fast noniterative algorithm and simple 1-D mapping along the axis of one coil are used to realize six degree-of-freedom (6DOF) tracking. Thus, the complexity of the magnetic tracking method and the corresponding system can be greatly reduced. Simulation results show that the method has good tracking accuracy and speed, which can be further improved by using an adaptive step-size searching strategy. So, it is concluded that the method can be used as an effective target monitoring method in many application domains such as minimally invasive therapy.


The desire to provide global Internet coverage is driving traditional terrestrial networks to evolve towards an integrated space and terrestrial network wherein miniaturized satellites, a.k.a CubeSats, remain at the core. Although both academia and industry are investigating the potential of CubeSats to provide global connectivity, they still fall short of the power generation capacity to enable high data rate communication in gigabits per second range. This article spotlights on alternate sources of energy that can provide the power demands needed for high data rate communication. We present the concept of power HotSpots wherein the bigger satellites in low earth orbits (LEO), having power generation capacity much larger than CubeSats, can transfer their excess energy to CubeSats in need, using optical wireless technology. This provides a business opportunity for larger enterprises having the capability of launching bigger satellites to sell their power to CubeSats. As a proof of concept, this article presents a basic simulation regarding optical wireless power transfer (OWPT) to CubeSats. In addition, we highlight future research challenges in this area to maximize OWPT.


Mahatma Gandhi, popularly known as the Father of the nation, wasnot only a preacher but a committed practical idealist. For want of some earning he went to South Africa but totally transformed himself into a liberator of the downtrodden, suppressed Indian community. He successfully invented the weapon of 'Satyagraha' and retained the lost human right for the Indians in South Africa. He also did the same in India to politically liberatethe country from the British. Gandhi was a multi-faceted personality. He was a Lawyer, Journalist, Writer, Biographer, Ashram builder, great thinker, a Political leader, a spiritualist, a Constructive Worker and above all a humane person who practiced Truth and Nonviolence till his last breath. A.K.Chettiar was a Tamil Documentary Film Maker, Journalist and Traveloque writer. He ventured a priceless documentary on Mahatma Gandhi. A.K.Chettiar widely travelled in England, USA, South Africa and India. He met and filmed innumerable number of leaders like Romain Rolland, Maria Montessori, Sir C.V.Raman, Dr.S.Radhakrishnan, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, C.F.Andrews and many others. He collected about 50,000 feet (15,000 m) of film footage, edited them into 12,000 feet (3,700 m). That documentary film was released on 23rd August 1940 in Chennai. Later the Hindi Version was shown on 15th Aug. 1947 in Delhi and later the English version was shown in Los Angeles in the U.S. Without his efforts, many live pictures of Mahatma Gandhi would not have been available for us. His documentary, In the Footsteps of the Mahatma. Without him, we would not have got the opportunity to see the valuable footages of Gandhiji.


Abstract: Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in the CNS are coupled to a variety of second messenger systems, the best characterized of which is activation of phosphoinositide hydrolysis. Recently, we found that activation of mGluRs in rat brain slices by the selective mGluR agonist 1‐aminocyclopentane‐1S,3R‐dicarboxylic acid (1S,3R‐ACPD) potentiates cyclic AMP (cAMP) responses elicited by activation of other receptors coupled to Gs. It has been suggested that mGluR‐mediated potentiation of cAMP responses is secondary to activation of phosphoinositide hydrolysis. However, preliminary evidence suggests that this is not the case. Therefore, we designed a series of experiments to test more fully the hypothesis that mGluR‐mediated potentiation of cAMP responses is secondary to phosphoinositide hydrolysis. Inhibitors of both protein kinase C and intracellular calcium mobilization failed to antagonize 1S,3R‐ACPD‐stimulated potentiation of cAMP responses. Further, coapplication of phorbol esters and 1S,3R‐ACPD induced a cAMP response that was greater than additive. Finally, (RS)‐3,5‐dihydroxyphenylglycine, a selective agonist of mGluRs coupled to phosphoinositide hydrolysis, failed to potentiate cAMP responses, whereas (2S,1′R,2′R,3′R)‐2‐(2,3‐dicarboxycyclopropyl)glycine, an mGluR agonist that does not activate mGluRs coupled to phosphoinositide hydrolysis, elicited a robust potentiation of cAMP responses. In total, these data strongly suggest that mGluR‐mediated potentiation of cAMP responses is not secondary to activation of phosphoinositide hydrolysis and is likely mediated by a group II mGluR.


A unified framework is developed for representation of, and reasoning about dynamic games. A game is described by the subjective knowledge of players at hypothetical situations - the epistemic game form. Subjective knowledge - termed confidence - allows us to replace objective reasoning about hypothetical events with reasoning about the confidence of hypothetical identities, i.e., the subjective reasoning of players in hypothetical situations. This leads to an endogenous definition for players' action sets. Applying subjective reasoning to the "Bear-Quiche" signaling game, the "Burning Money" game and others, provides a characterization of the dynamic reasoning by players that leads to the suggested solutions for these games. For perfect information games, rationality and common confidence of future rationality imply backward induction, although common confidence of rationality can logically contradict the definition of the game.


To establish a successful strategy for managing wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus algirus) populations it is essential to have a clear understanding of reproductive biology. In Portugal, previous work suggested a seasonal pattern of reproductive activity for this species. In this study we present additional information on the seasonal reproductive activity of the wild rabbit as well as data on the influence that environmental factors have on the onset and length of the breeding season. The study was carried out in Pancas, southern Portugal, from October 1997 to September 1998. Rabbits were collected every two months and post mortem analyses were performed. In the males, circulating concentration of testosterone, gonadal weight, daily sperm production, diameter of the seminiferous tubules and the thickness of epithelial cells were measured. The numbers of corpora lutea, embryos and placental scars were recorded in the females. To assess abundance and quality of food, samples of herbaceous vegetation were collected and analysed for water, fibre and crude protein content. The reproductive season extended from November to June with a peak in March/April, with both sexes showing an annual cycle of gonadal development and subsequent regression. All analysed females were pregnant and/or lactating between March and June. The mean litter size estimated by counting the embryos in the uteri was 3.90 ± 0.50. Daily sperm production was highest between November and April. Testicular function was strongly correlated with environmental temperature and the water content of the vegetation, and both testicular and ovarian development were correlated with vegetation biomass.


Current trends in technology indicate that nanometerscale devices will be feasible within two decades. It is likely that NASA will attempt a manned Mars mission within the next few decades. Manned Mars activities will be relatively labor-intensive, presenting significant risk of damage to the Marssuit. We have investigated two possible architectures for nanotechnology applied to the problem of damage during Mars surface activity. Nanorobots can be used to actively repair damaged suit materials while an astronaut is in the field, precluding the need to return immediately to a pressurized area. Assembler nanorobots reproduce both themselves and the more specialized Marssuit Repair Nanorobots (MRN). MRN nanorobots operate as space-filling polyhedra to repair damage to a Marssuit. Both operate with reversible mechanical logic, though only assemblers utilize chemical data storage.


One of the general characteristics of contemporary society is change, be it at political, social, cultural or industrial level. This changing trend has slowly been passed to the surrounding environment and thus to the natural elements. Therefore, one of the most important problems that society is facing nowadays is climate change. Although there are increasingly more and more efforts and directives in the sense of slowing and stopping the human actions that are causing climate change, we are still in danger of facing extreme situations. These situations are also called 'high-end' scenarios and are increasingly plausible. Existing modelling tools of climate change effects are limited in the sense that they do not take into consideration these high-end scenarios and their simulations usually get uni-sectorial results. This raises the need to develop an innovative integrated assessment (IA) tool to allow both decision-makers and the general public to have access to relevant and credible scientific information on climate change. This article will present such a tool that will analyse a multitude of important key sectors that interact and are interconnected through their sharing resources. The instrument will cover a variety of key sectors such as: forest, urban, land use, water, flooding, agriculture, yield and biodiversity. The tool is an online platform with delayed response that will simulate the effects of climate change at a multi-sectorial level, also allowing the exploration of adaptation strategies for the identified high-end scenario. The platform is also a powerful educational tool through which students have access to information on climate change being encouraged that every effort no matter how small may help improve the current situation.


This paper examines Bakhtin's concept of authoritarian discourse in Gabriel García Márquez's 1962 novel La mala hora and Ruy Guerra's 2005 film adaptation of the work, O Veneno da Madrugada. The hostile environment, depicted by García Márquez and Guerra, is the perfect setting to apply Bakhtin's ideas about authoritarian discourse. In his essay, "Discourse and the Novel", Bakhtin explains that "there is a struggle constantly being waged to overcome the official line with its tendency to distance itself from the zone of contact, a struggle against various kinds and degrees of authority" (345). In this paper, I will examine the ways in which the characters in the novel and film struggle against the figures of authority in the town: the mayor (the authority figure) and Father Ángel (the priest). Bakhtin affirms that in cases of authoritarian discourse, one must completely accept or reject it. I argue that through the rather grim depiction of Ángel and the church building coupled with the townspeople's refusal to listen to the mayor, it is clear that the protagonists do not align themselves with the authority figures. Furthermore, I explain that while the protagonists act as if they accept the authoritarian figures in public, they actually resist them in private.


Wireless sensor network has large number of low-cost tiny nodes with sensing capability.  These provide low cost solutions to many real world problems such as such as defence, Internet of things, healthcare, environment monitoring and so on. The sensor nodes of these networks are placed in vulnerable environment. Hence, the security of these networks is very important. Intrusion Detection System (IDS) plays an important role in providing a security to such type of networks. The sensor nodes of the network have limited power and, traditional security mechanisms such as key-management, encryption decryption and authentication techniques cannot be installed on the nodes. Hence, there is a need of special security mechanism to handle the intrusions. In this paper, intrusion detection system is designed and implemented using game theory and machine learning to identify multiple attacks. Game theory is designed and used to apply the IDS optimally in WSN. The game model is designed by defining the players and the corresponding strategies. Quantal Response Equilibrium (QRE) concept of game theory is used to select the strategies in optimal way for the intrusion's detection. Further, these intrusions are classified as denial of service attack, rank attack or selective forwarding attacks using supervised machine learning technique based on different parameters and rules. Results show that all the attacks are detected with good detection rate and the proposed approach provides optimal usage of IDS.


A key challenge faced by organizations is to provide project teams with workspaces, information, and collaboration technologies that fosters creativity and high-performance team productivity. This requires understanding the relation between and impacts of (1) workspace, (2) activity and content that is created, and (3) social, behavioral, and cognitive aspects of work. This paper describes an exploratory study of everyday activities in the context of knowledge work in a shared workspace used by a high-tech global design team that explores future products. The study formalizes key elements for productive knowledge work as a function of tasks, context, and team. It identifies enablers, hindrances, and requirements for physical, virtual, and social work environments. The study identified, through semi-structured interviews, surveys, and on-site shadowing, a key workspace component that facilitates dynamic participation of all team members. This workspace component is a wall used as a large, public, physical display surface for project content (the WALL). The WALL acts as a mediator for individual reflection-in-action and team reflection-in-interaction. It serves as "social glue" both between individuals and between geographically distributed subgroups.


This PhD thesis comprises a section of my novel, Heroism in the Abstract and a
concomitant critical analysis of the research carried out in its creation and
development.
The critical analysis investigates, in the light of evidence-based research,
why it might be that the second Battle of Loos (or Battle of the Hohenzollern
Redoubt) has not been represented in previous works of fiction, being eclipsed by
the later conflicts of the Somme and Passchendaele. There is also enquiry as to the
reasons for the absence of Leicestershire and in particular the Leicestershire
Regiment, from fiction set during the Great War.
This critical reflection further considers the use of realism in writing about
war, weighs some of the myths, legends and cliches associated with the Great War
against historical fact and concludes with an examination of the writer's ethical
responsibilities when writing about 'real people'. [Continues.]


The paper benchmarks Danmarks Nationalbank against a number of other central banks with respect to operating costs and the number of employees. The management of Danmarks Nationalbank historically has in general taken action at an early stage in the effort to optimise the organisation of the Bank. This has resulted in relative low costs and a lean organisation by international comparison, but it also implies that the scope for further cost reductions probably is smaller than in many other central banks. Staff costs, i.e. mainly salaries, are among the lowest for the central banks included in the assessment, and the lowest among the Nordic countries.


Recent research has shown that academic writing is not 'author-evacuated' but, rather, carries a representation of the writers' identity. One way through which writers project their identity in academic writing is stance-taking toward propositions advanced in the text. Appropriate stance-taking has proved to be challenging for novice writers of Research Articles (RAs), especially those writing in a foreign language. To contribute to the literature on stance-taking, the present study compared the move-based use of evaluative resources in the introduction section of L1 (written by native English speakers) and L2 (written by Iranian, non-native writers) English RAs in the discipline of Applied Linguistics. To this end, 100 English Research Article Introductions (RAIs), 50 by L1 writers and 50 by L2 writers, were investigated as the corpus of the study. Categories of analysis were taken from Appraisal framework (Martine & White, 2005) and CARS model (Swales, 2004). The results revealed that the two groups of texts were not substantially different in the overall use of appraisal resources in the whole body of RAIs. However, more detailed analyses of the specific categories of appraisal in each of the rhetorical moves demonstrated that in some cases, especially in moves 1 and 3, L1 and L2 writers made different choices when taking a stance. The findings of this study can serve as a valuable source providing a practical and comprehensive understanding of the use of evaluative resources in RAIs for EAP researchers, teachers, and other professionals involved in the teaching of academic writing.


Spillovers can arise in markets with multiple purchasers relying on shared producers. If producers are constrained in their ability to adjust quality and cost across purchasers, then the influence of a dominant purchaser affects the entire market. Prior studies have found such spillovers in health care, from managed care to non-managed care populations — reducing spending, utilization, and improving outcomes. Similar effects have been identified in the Medicare Advantage market as well, with studies finding declines in utilization and reductions in resource use among the Traditional Medicare population associated with increases in county-level Medicare Advantage penetration. However, no study to date has provided plausibly causal estimates of such spillovers in the post-Affordable Care Act era. Our study does so by exploiting idiosyncratic differences in payments to Medicare Advantage plans that are unrelated to traditional Medicare spending. Further controlling for health status and other potential confounders, we estimate that a one percentage point increase in county-level Medicare Advantage penetration results in a $146 (1.7%) reduction in standardized per enrollee Traditional Medicare spending. We find evidence for reductions in utilization both on the intensive and extensive margins (including reductions in the number of inpatient stays) and across many types of health care services, not all of which have been analyzed in prior Medicare Advantage spillover studies. Our results suggest that spillovers from Medicare Advantage to Traditional Medicare have persisted in the post-Affordable Care Act era.


This thesis is a diffractive experiment, inspired by the agential realism of Karen Barad that allowed me to consider digital public space(s) through philosophies of technology, design and creative practices and with fictional stories that become waves of unruly phenomena from within. The research assumes an ontological move from being to becoming through catalytic encounters with others, human and non-human. Digital Public Space (dps) as a term was born between BBC's and British Library's desire to open up their digital archives to the public. The AHRC research project Creative Exchange (CX) adopted dps as a design challenge for knowledge exchange. As a member of the CX project I am making sense of dps in the context of practices emerging from the hybridity of the digital-physical domain. At the centre of my research are crossovers of academic interests, institutional dispositions, concepts, imaginations, people and stuff – wires, screens, paper prototypes, lines of code, doodles in the corner of the page. Meaningful, like a song, a memory, a photograph, a warm friendly hand or mundane, like streets, pans, toys and dust. I am making sense of how these matter and enable me to re-conceptualise the idea of digital public space. I am as concerned with the materiality of digital public spaces as with the "nothingness" within its materiality, which I propose is, far from nothing, but in-material. At the core of my investigation is a study of time and memory that contributes to new materialist conversations. By diffracting Husserl's studies of internal perception of time, Stiegler's exteriorization of memories in things, and Simondon's transductive ideas, through Baradian agential realism. I speculate about in-matter. That which is in between and within matter, is time; the retentions of past and possibilities of futures. The generative differentiation that is underlying my in-matter proposal opens possibilities for careful and response-able practices. I diffract theories to think in methods to build a framework of emergence, with which to encounter knowledge through creative uses of digital technologies in public spaces, and allow a discussion of dps on its own terms. I consider three aspects of digital public space(s) grounded in collaborative projects: the digital-physical, focussing on participatory design of wearables, the public-private using the production of a public art installation, and the space-place discussed in the context of memorial and war commemoration. I am 'doing' theory, collaborating in practices and telling a story. I am taking up the challenge of applying Baradian diffraction in creative practices. My experimentation is more than a structural model to present the research. It is inspired by an epistemological disagreement with the separation of the researcher, what is researched, the apparatus of knowing, and presenting knowledge. The reiterations and contingencies of this method provoke a rhythm of time, propose a space, part meaning, part tangible, that does not just describe dps but performs my relationship with it. My research comes to matter in the framework of emergence that proposes new parameters for discussing ethics, politics and poetics of digital public space(s) in the making.


Abstract A problem of identification of mathematical model of chemical reaction is considered. Mathematical model in the form of ODE is obtained from the experimental data of concentrations changes during the reaction process. To solve the identification problem we use a numerical network operator method that allows finding structure and parameters of mathematical expression presented as an integer matrix. The network operator method uses evolutionary search algorithms. A numerical example of identification for the chemical generation singlet oxygen reaction is given.