Internet has shown to be the major enabler for a large variety of services via a common infrastructure. Since early applications such as remote login, e-mail, file transfer and web browsing, many new applications and services have entered the stage, where overlay networks play an important role. When broadband access technologies reached private users, file sharing became popular. Telecommunication providers have discovered internet technology as a cost-saving alternative to classical telecom technology. 3GPP has standardised the IP multimedia system (IMS), which is nowadays also used in the world of fixed access networks to handle the coexistence of voice, TV and internet (so-called Triple Play) on access links. New application domains such as e-health, e-government, e-tourism, etc., have emerged. Many new services use other services, forming composite services or service supply chains based on internet. So, the 'anything-over-IP-over-anything' principle has become a reality. This emergence of new applications raises challenges. The internet has never been designed for fulfilling all imaginable application's needs, nor to maximise user's quality of experience (QoE). During the years, the basic best-effort paradigm has been enhanced by network-level quality of service (QoS) measures. Still, internet packet delivery cannot be guaranteed. Applications try to adapt themselves to these volatile conditions, e.g., by modifying the intensity of the data flows or adding some kind of redundancy to be used for error correction, which fits the internet principle of end-to-end control. However, in order to reach the right interplay between applications and services and the internet infrastructure, a good understanding of the characteristics of both is mandatory. On this background, this special issue focuses on performance assessment of contemporary, new and emerging applications and services using the internet.


The primary concern of this thesis is to explore how creativity is managed in original television production at the BBC, and to that end, it seeks to make an original contribution to both organisational creativity management and television production discourses. The thesis offers an extensive literature review that connects cultural production, television production and creativity discourses. The thesis is consequently divided in two sections. In the first, it addresses the major theoretical frameworks of organisational creativity management and television production, and also includes a chapter on methodology. The second aims to explore BBC creativity from three viewpoints. These are, from a historical perspective, from how the BBC is affected by external factors, and from how it attempts to manage creativity of original television production from 2004 onwards. Findings suggest that despite the efficacy of numerous policies regarding how creativity is stimulated at the broadcaster, others are open to criticism. One such policy is the Window of Creative Competition (WoCC). The WoCC requires BBC's in-house production units and the independent production sector to openly compete for approximately 250 million pounds of annual commissions for original television production. The thesis concedes that the WoCC will lead to a progressive decline in in-house television production and possibly to a decline in UK television creativity. The thesis draws on a wide range of primary and secondary sources. It combines case study explanatory analysis with long-term historical perspectives on organisational changes at the BBC.


Abstract In this contribution we propose a novel dual Lyapunov solver that computes low rank factors of the reachability and observability Gramians of a control system simultaneously. This is especially helpful in balanced truncation model order reduction applications, where the singular values of the product of these Gramian factors are the basis of the truncation process. For stopping the dual iteration scheme we therefore propose a tailored stopping criterion aiming at the accurate computation of these singular values.


Before the launch of the internet distance learning was offered to the students. The students would get education material and they would send their assignments and tests using surface mail. Computer testing starting in early twentieth century but with the establishment of internet at the end of the century the tools and delivery methods for e-learning really expanded. In courses where didactic lectures are involved eLearning is going to be the future because it is student friendly and can be repeated and attended at convenience of the students. Although controlling attendance is much easier in traditional classroom setting. On the other hand, courses involving skills lab or clinical teaching a mixture of traditional and eLearning (blended) learning is the way forward. Considering the benefits of blended learning institutions in our country should plan on incorporating this as part of their Undergraduate Medical School curriculum.


In this paper, the performance properties of several fundamental small-antenna designs are compared as a function of overall length and size (ka), where the antennas operate at or very near the same frequency. The objective of this work is to determine which basic design approach or configuration, if any, offers the best performance in terms of: achieving an impedance match; the radiation-pattern shape; the radiation efficiency; the half-power bandwidth; and the 2:1 VSWR bandwidth. The fundamental antenna designs studied here include the spherical folded helix, the cylindrical folded helix, the matched disk-loaded dipole, the matched spherical-cap dipole, and the multi-arm spherical resonator. In addition to discussing the different antenna designs, the fundamental approaches used in impedance matching and optimizing the bandwidth of these small antennas are described. Both numerical simulations and measured results are presented.


: The number of thymocytes and splenic T-lymphocytes correlate negatively. After the treatment of mice with cortisol, this negative correlation changes for a positive one. It is proposed that the negative correlation between cortisone-sensitive thymocytes and splenic T cells is mediated by cortisone-resistant thymocytes. The negative correlations were also found between amounts of T-cells in mesenteric lymph nodes and in Peyer's patches, the positive correlations being seen between numbers of splenic and lymph nodes T-lymphocytes. No correlations between B-cell populations in different organs were revealed. Apparently, correlations between lymphocyte populations reflect some aspect of hierachic structure of the lymphoid system.


The paper covers the problems of translation, which we face as soon as we meet slang words used by teenagers in the fiction. On the one hand, slang words are socially marked, i.e. they are vulgar, rude, obscene - social markers, on the other hand, they are stylistic units. In the process of text analysis we observe the constant language variability. While translating a piece of fiction we should either neutralize, omit this lexical unit or find a word equal in its pragmatic and connotative meaning, we should judge to what degree we can change the original text (the source invariant)creating a construct invariant done by a professional translator. The issue is if the translators can interfere with the original text, changing it due to their own outlook, background, upbringing, that doesn't allow them to use impolite, rude lexis, but in such a case we can lose the communicative effect of the novel. We declare that the communicative effect is either strengthened or neutralized. It depends on the personality of the translator. Thus, the translated text is a new one, the usage of words depends on the social status of the translator.


This article investigates the new attitude toward the reception and use of Augustine in the early thirteenth century as seen in the works of Helinand of Froidmont and Robert Grosseteste. Both scholars were products of the Twelfth Century Renaissance of Augustine, represented in Peter Lombard's Sentences, the Glossa Ordinaria, and Gratian's Decretum. Yet both Helinand and Grosseteste reconstructed Augustine's texts for their own purposes; they did not simply use Augustine as an authority. Detailed and thorough textual analysis reveals that the early thirteenth century was a high point in Augustine's reception, and one which effected a transformation of how Augustine's texts were used, a fact [has] often been obscured in the historiographical debates of the relationship between "Augustinianism" and "Aristotelianism." Moreover, in point to the importance of Helinand's world chronicle, his Chronicon, this article argues for the importance of compilations as a major source for the intellectual and textual history of the high Middle Ages. Thus, the thirteenth century appears as the bridge between the Augustinian Renaissance of the Twelfth Century, and that of the Fourteenth, making clear the need for further research and highlighting the importance of the early thirteenth century for a thorough understanding of the historical reception of Augustine.


How can price elasticities be identified when agents face optimization frictions such as adjustment costs or inattention? I derive bounds on structural price elasticities that are a function of the observed effect of a price change on demand, the size of the price change, and the degree of frictions. The degree of frictions is measured by the utility losses agents tolerate to deviate from the frictionless optimum. The bounds imply that frictions affect intensive margin elasticities much more than extensive margin elasticities. I apply these bounds to the literature on labor supply. The utility costs of ignoring the tax changes used to identify intensive margin labor supply elasticities are typically less than 1% of earnings. As a result, small frictions can explain the differences between micro and macro elasticities, extensive and intensive margin elasticities, and other disparate findings. Pooling estimates from existing studies, I estimate a Hicksian labor supply elasticity of 0.33 on the intensive margin and 0.25 on the extensive margin after accounting for frictions.


A streamwise-constant model is presented to investigate the basic mechanisms responsible for the change in mean flow occuring during pipe flow transition. The model is subject to two different types of forcing: a simple forcing of the axial momentum equation via a deterministic form for the streamfunction and a stochastic forcing of the streamfunction equation. Using a single forced momentum balance equation, we show that the shape of the velocity profile is robust to changes in the forcing profile and that both linear non-normal and nonlinear effects are required to capture the change in mean flow associated with transition to turbulence. The particularly simple form of the model allows for the study of the momentum transfer directly by inspection of the equations. The distribution of the high- and low-speed streaks over the cross-section of the pipe produced by our model is remarkably similar to one observed in the velocity field near the trailing edge of the puff structures present in pipe flow transition. Under stochastic forcing, the model exhibits a quasi-periodic self-sustaining cycle characterized by the creation and subsequent decay of "streamwise-constant puffs," so-called due to the good agreement between the temporal evolution of their velocity field and the projection of the velocity field associated with three-dimensional puffs in a frame of reference moving at the bulk velocity. We establish that the flow dynamics are relatively insensitive to the regeneration mechanisms invoked to produce near-wall streamwise vortices, such that using small, unstructured background disturbances to regenerate the streamwise vortices in place of the natural feedback from the flow is sufficient to capture the formation of the high- and low-speed streaks and their segregation leading to the blunting of the velocity profile characteristic of turbulent pipe flow. We propose a "quasi self-sustaining process" to describe these mechanisms.


Two remarkable aspects of pyramidal neurons are their complex dendritic morphologies and the abundant presence of spines, small structures that are the sites of excitatory input. Although the channel properties of the dendritic shaft membrane have been experimentally probed, the influence of spine properties in dendritic signaling and action potential propagation remains unclear. To explore this we have performed multi-compartmental numerical simulations investigating the degree of consistency between experimental data on dendritic channel densities and backpropagation behavior, as well as the necessity and degree of influence of excitable spines. Our results indicate that measured densities of Na(+) channels in dendritic shafts cannot support effective backpropagation observed in apical dendrites due to suprathreshold inactivation. We demonstrate as a potential solution that Na(+) channels in spines at higher densities than those measured in the dendritic shaft can support extensive backpropagation. In addition, clustering of Na(+) channels in spines appears to enhance their effect due to their unique morphology. Finally, we show that changes in spine morphology significantly influence backpropagation efficacy. These results suggest that, by clustering sodium channels, spines may serve to control backpropagation.


Background: Ossifying fibroma in craniofacial is a rare disease, benign, locally aggressive fibro-osseous tumor. In the recent 2017 WHO classifications, ossifying fibroma divided into 2 type, ossifying fibroma of odontogenic origin and juvenile ossifying fibroma. Choosing the right treatment that can reduce the recurrence rate are particularly challenging. In this systematic review we try to analyse related study to determine the best treatment for ossifying fibroma. Aim: The aim of this review to evaluate best treatment option and analysed level of recurrence in each type of treatment. Method: Collected Juvenile Ossifying Fibroma (JOF) and Ossifying Fibroma (OF) related Article from four different database (PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Proquest). Study selection was done by using PRISMA strategy. Result: Eight retrospective case series studies were analyzed. Recurrence rate after surgery was 15.3%, most frequent recurrence occurs in conservative surgery. Recurrence rate after conservative surgery was 19.7%, compared with radical surgery which relatively lower in percentage, with recurrence rate after surgery was 10.6%. Conclusion: Juvenile Ossifying Fibroma, especially Trabecular Juvenile Ossifying Fibroma (TrJOF), show high recurrence percentage comparing other type. The first-choice management for treating OF was surgical approach. Types of surgery choose to depend on the aggressiveness and morbidity of the disease. Radical surgery was proven better to decrease level of recurrence compared with conservative surgery.


Introduction: The goal of this study was to develop a targeted therapy for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) since these tumors do not respond to hormonal-related therapies or medications that target HER2. TNBC is typically treated with a combination of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy albeit with worse outcome than patients with breast cancers of other subtypes. We have previously shown that GBO-006-1 (ON 1231320) is a highly selective, ATP competitive PLK2 inhibitor, which induces irreversible mitotic arrest of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines and results in their apoptotic death. The goal of our current study was to characterize the drug-like and ADME properties of this molecule, and to optimize the in vivo exposure for preclinical evaluation. Experimental procedures: Drug-like properties were characterized by determining the pH solubility profile, log D, oral absorption potential using PAMPA, metabolic stability using rat and liver microsomes, plasma protein binding, and the inhibitory effect on various CYP isozymes. GBO-006-1 has weakly ionizable groups and did not show any improvement of solubility at various pH values. To overcome this limitation, we developed a co-solvent-based formulation that increased the solubility of the compound. A preclinical formulation was subsequently developed that allowed us to perform PK studies in mice, rats (IV, PO & IP) and dogs (IV) and to conduct efficacy studies with GBO-006-1 as a single agent (10, 30 and 75 mg/kg) and in combination using nude mouse xenograft models. In vitro safety pharmacology was assessed by performing hERG (patch clamp), and genotoxic potential was evaluated using the Ames test. Summary: The solubility of GBO-006-1 was enhanced using a co-solvent approach, which permitted the determination of ADME properties. The solution formulation provided good exposure and bioavailability upon IP administration (41% bioavailability at 3mg/Kg) and dose dependency up to 100 mg/kg. The compound showed moderate to high in vivo clearance in rat and mouse, respectively, and has high plasma protein binding and volume of distribution, with no CYP or hERG inhibition. Exploratory non-GLP toxicity studies are currently ongoing in three species, along with other safety pharmacological studies and ex vivo surrogate biomarker analysis. Conclusion: We were successful in developing a formulation forGBO-006-1, which allowed for parenteral administration. GBO-006-1 showed linear dose escalation in mice that translated into marked efficacy in a triple negative breast cancer xenograft model. Initial safety profiling suggested no hERG inhibition. IND directed studies are currently being conducted to facilitate Phase 1 clinical trials in the near future. Citation Format: ARNAB ROYCHOWDHURY, ATHISAYAMANI JEYARAJ DURAISWAMY, SRINIVASARAO MADDI, CHANDRA DEB, SAYAN MITRA, RAMANA REDDY, MANOJ MANIAR, SHASHIDHAR JATIANI, STEPHEN C. COSENZA, AMOL PADGAONKAR, PREMKUMAR REDDY. Pharmacokinetics of PLK2 inhibitor GBO-006-1, developed as a novel first-in-class molecule to treat triple negative breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4537. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4537


Coherent and incoherent ground-based radar measurements of the winter polar cap ionosphere at Thule and Sondrestrom, Greenland have established the existence of "patches" of enhanced ionization which drift across the polar cap in an antisunward, noon-midnight direction. Associated with these patches is strong radio scintillation activity which severely disrupts ground-to-satellite communication systems and interferes with the operation of space surveillance radar at high latitudes. Several recent studies have shown that the source of enhanced ionization is the sunlit subcusp ionosphere rather than production by precipitating energetic particles. However, the question of what causes the patchiness has not been addressed. We study this problem by solving the time-dependent plasma continuity equation including production by solar ultraviolet radiation, loss through charge exchange, and transport by diffusion and convection E×B drifts. Time and spatially varying, horizontal E×B drift patterns are imposed, and subsequent ionospheric responses are calculated to determine how enhanced plasma densities in the dark polar cap could result from extended transit of relevant flux tubes through regions of significant solar production. This would occur south of the cusp prior to convection as patches across the polar cap. It is found that a density enhancement in Nmax from 7×104 to 5×105 el/cm3 occurs at Thule when a time-varying convection pattern is included in the simulation. The patch of ionization is generated when an initial convection pattern characterized by an 80-kV cross-tail potential and a 12° polar cap radius is abruptly changed to a 100-kV cross-tail potential and a 15° polar cap radius. The horizontal extent of the patch is related to the length of time the new convection pattern remains "turned on."


Legal positivism is one of the fundamental theories of jurisprudence studied in law and related fields around the world. This volume addresses how legal positivism is perceived and makes the case for why it is relevant for contemporary legal theory. The Cambridge Companion to Legal Positivism offers thirty-three chapters from leading scholars that provide a comprehensive commentary on the fundamental ideas of legal positivism, its history and major theorists, its connection to normativity and values, its current development and influence, as well as on the criticisms moved against it.


Calciotropic hormone assays and bone mineral density (BMD) evaluations were carried out on a group of 36 children affected with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA) (13 with pauciarticular, 8 with polyarticular and 15 with systemic onset subtype) and in a matched control group. The plasma levels of calcium, phosphate and alkaline phosphatase were normal in all the groups. Basal 25-OH D plasma levels were significantly decreased both in the polyarticular and in the systemic groups; the latter showed a further decrease after 1 year. There was a significant decrease in both the basal and the 1-year plasma levels of 1-25-OH D only in the systemic group. The BMD was decreased in the systemic group alone and the percentage increase after 1 year was significantly inferior to that in the other groups and in the controls. There was a clear relationship between the decrease in hormones and the cumulative dose of steroids administered, as well as between the BMD decrease and the physical activity of the patients (according to Steinbrocker's classification).


The exploration for hydrocarbons in the sedimentary basins to the west of mainland Britain has taken something of a backseat role when compared to the more prolific basins of the North Sea. Despite this, significant discoveries have been made over the last 25 or so years by those companies determined to pursue this distinctive hydrocarbon province. The first major reward in the area was the discovery of the giant Morecambe Gas Field in the 1970s, the second added more than a dozen oil and gas fields between 1990 and 1995, including the Lennox and Douglas Oil Fields. It was the improvements in the geological understanding of the area that occurred concomitant with these later discoveries which inspired the Burlington House conference in 1995 from which this volume has resulted. The volume addresses all aspects of the petroleum geology, not only in the East Irish Sea Basin, but in the adjacent Cheshire, Solway, Carlisle and North Channel Basins, as well as dealing with regional aspects of the structure and evolution of the area. It is the hope of the editors that bringing all of this work together in one volume will provide encouragement and inspiration to those currently, or in the future, looking west for their exploration.


As multi-robot applications become more prevalent, it becomes necessary to develop navigation systems which allow autonomous mobile robots to efficiently and safely pass each other in confined spaces. Existing navigation systems, such as the widely used ROS Navigation Stack, usually produce safe, collision free paths in static environments. However, these systems are not perfect, and when multiple mobile robots simultaneously navigate in narrow spaces, collisions and turnarounds are not uncommon. Fine-tuning and enhancing such navigation stacks is not as simple as it looks since they are made up of multiple layers of code, and there exists a tradeoff between optimizing for efficiency, i.e. minimizing time to destination (TTD) vs. optimizing for safety, i.e. minimizing collisions, with each objective leading to a different combination of parameter values. In this paper we develop a methodology to improve existing navigation stacks with regards to both objectives, without tuning their parameters, while preserving their inherent safety control properties. Our proposed approach is a decentralized learning-based approach that is geared toward real world robotic deployment, by requiring little computing resources. It is agnostic of the underlying navigation stack and can adapt to different types of environmental layouts (i.e., hallway structures).1


Candida auris, a relevant emerging human-pathogenic yeast, is the first fungus to be called a global public health threat by the WHO. This is because of its rapid spread on all inhabited continents, together with its extremely high frequency of drug and multidrug resistance. ABSTRACT Emerging and reemerging pathogens are a worldwide concern, and it is predicted that these microbes will cause severe outbreaks. Candida auris affects people with weakened immune systems, particularly those who are hospitalized or are in health care facilities. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer structures released by organisms from all domains of life. EVs can deliver functional molecules to target cells, including proteins and nucleic acids, especially RNA molecules. EVs from several pathogenic fungi species play diverse biological roles related to cell-cell communication and pathogen-host interaction. In this study, we describe a data set which we produced by sequencing the RNA content of EVs from C. auris under normal growth conditions and in the presence of the antifungal caspofungin, a first-line drug to treat this fungus. To generate a more complete data set for future comparative studies, we also sequenced the RNA cellular content of EVs under the same conditions. This data set addresses a previously unexplored area of fungal biology regarding cellular small RNA and EV RNA. Our data will provide a molecular basis for the study of the aspects associated with antifungal treatment, gene expression response, and EV composition in C. auris. These data will also allow the exploration of small RNA content in the fungal kingdom and might serve as an informative basis for studies on the mechanisms by which molecules are directed to fungal EVs. IMPORTANCE Candida auris, a relevant emerging human-pathogenic yeast, is the first fungus to be called a global public health threat by the WHO. This is because of its rapid spread on all inhabited continents, together with its extremely high frequency of drug and multidrug resistance. In our study, we generated a large data set for 3 distinct strains of C. auris and obtained cellular small RNA fraction as well as extracellular vesicle RNA (EV-RNA) during normal growth conditions and after treatment with caspofungin, the first-line drug used to treat C. auris infection.


In household refrigerators, the rotational speed of a reciprocating compressor can be appropriately adjusted according to the temperature inside of the refrigerator. The lower rotational speed reduces the power consumption of the compressor. However, several natural frequencies of the compressor exist in the low rotation region, and besides, the unbalance force arising from the piston motion acts on the internal drive unit. Thereby the vibrations of the compressor are likely to be larger due to the resonance in the low rotation region. In this study, a method for supporting the drive unit inside the shell, which is called "the self-standing support" is newly proposed in order to reduce the vibration of the compressor drastically. In the proposed method, a spherical support element is utilized instead of coil springs to support the drive unit. And the drive unit can maintain a stable self-standing state by acting restoring moment due to the gravity while it is directly placed on the shell. The natural frequencies of the compressor can be greatly reduced by decreasing the support stiffness for the drive unit in comparison with the support method using coil springs. Furthermore, in designing the drive unit, the application point of the exciting force is matched with the center of percussion to the contact point on the spherical support. As a consequence, the periodic restraining force acting on the contact point can be minimized. By these two features, it is possible to considerably reduce the vibration transmission from the drive unit to the shell. In the present study, a simplified model for a reciprocating compressor is treated, and the effectiveness of the self-standing support is investigated analytically and experimentally.


The purpose of the study was to determine the incidence of congenital anomalies among infants of diabetic mothers and compare this with the normal obstetric population in our hospital. Among 17 463 patients delivered at the King Fahd Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia between January 1987 and December 1992 there were 466 diabetic mothers who delivered 466 singleton births. The incidence of diabetes was 2.6%. Among those 466 diabetic patients there were 132 with clinical diabetes which was present before pregnancy and which required insulin treatment during pregnancy and 334 with gestational diabetes. There were 14 lethal congenital anomalies among the infants of diabetic mothers (3%) compared with 69 anomalies in general obstetric population (0.4%). The difference = was very highly significant P = 0.001. Ten anomalies were responsible for 10 stillbirths and the other four anomalies resulted in four neonatal deaths. The most common anomalies were those of the central nervous system and multiple fetal anomalies, followed by cardiovascular system, renal and chromosomal anomalies. All those anomalies occurred in the infants whose mothers had clinical diabetes.


TThe Bailey County Journal was a newspaper for Bailey County, Texas. The newspaper dates back to 1963 and ceased publishing in 2002. For almost 40 years, the newspaper was published in conjunction with The Muleshoe Journal.


Accelerating rates of species extinction and invasion have sparked recent interest in how changes in plant community composition can be propagated through food webs. Research in this area has, however, been largely restricted to considerations of how detrital species mixing affects litter decay processes. The consequences of changing detrital resources for whole assemblages of sediment-dwelling invertebrates remain largely unknown. We manipulated the availability of three detrital sources, Avicennia marina leaves, Posidonia australis blades and Sargassum sp. thalli, on an Australian mudflat to test hypotheses about how changes in the type and number of macrophytes contributing to detrital resources might impact benthic invertebrate assemblages of estuarine soft-sediments. By controlling for changes in total detrital biomass and ensuring that each detrital source was present in two- and three-species mixes as well as monocultures, our experimental design was able to distinguish among effects of mixing, identity and biomass. Three months after detrital manipulation, macroinvertebrate abundance and species richness differed among treatments according to the biomass of detritus added and non-additive effects of detrital species mixing. Whereas the mixing of two detrital species generally had an antagonistic effect on macroinvertebrate abundance and richness, faunal assemblages did not appreciably differ between three-species mixes and monocultures. Generally negative effects of two-species mixes on macroinvertebrates were opposed by positive effects on microphytobenthos, an important food-source for many of the animals. Non-additive effects on sediment communities were particularly apparent when Sargassum sp., the most labile of the three detrital sources considered, was included in two-species mixes. This demonstration of non-additive and identity-dependent effects of detrital species mixing on soft-sediment communities suggests that predicted compositional changes to aquatic macrophyte communities, resulting from coastal development and climate change, will flow on to effect other components of the estuarine food-web.


Nowadays, managers tend to compare their organizations with the others as well they want to have benchmarks. Benchmarking should be based on correct updated organizational critical factors. Balanced scorecard (BSC) is the tool to translate the organizational strategic goals into the operational critical factors by its strategy map. It individually may not use as the tool for organizational comparison. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is essentially used to evaluate decision making units (DMUs) from the best possible relative efficiency. But it's incapable of defining its input and output indexes efficiently. So, in this paper the most important strategic factors obtained from BSC are employed as the input data for DEA. This may lead us to a comprehensive benchmarking method to attain the reliable appropriate results for each organization in each period. Finally, the proposed method is practically tested and the results are illustrated in the following paragraphs.


The study of seed mineral composition of wheat and its wild relatives revealed higher content of all elements in Aegilops ovata and Ae. triuncialis, as well as an overall increased background in relatives compared to modern varieties of Triticum aestivum (standards). By content of macro- and microelements, synthetic forms of wheat occupy an intermediate position between wild relatives and modern varieties. Transitional forms with the level of mineral composition typical of wild forms (Zhetysu x T militinae; Zhetysu x T kiharae; Bezostaya 1 x Ae. cylindrica) have been identified. All genotypes have been differentiated into 3 clusters. The first consists predominantly of introgressive forms, Ae. triaristata and the Komsomolskaya 1 variety, which has wild forms in its origin. The second cluster includes mainly varieties (parental forms), T. timopheevii and the introgressive form (Steklovidnaya 24 x T militinae). The third cluster consists largely of T. militinae, T. kiharae, Ae. cylindrica species and introgressive forms originated from them: Zhetysu x T militinae and Bezostaya 1 x Ae. cylindrica. Such division allows us to classify genotypes according to the level of metabolism: wild relatives (3rd cluster), varieties (2nd cluster) and an intermediate group - introgressive forms (1st cluster). In general, inclusion of cultural forms (backcrossing with varieties) to crosses with introgressive forms is usually accompanied by a decrease in the total metabolic level, but it varies in cultivars and wild species characterized by polymorphism. Sources of high content of elements have been revealed: wild relatives and introgressive forms, some of which are donors. According to the results of topcross breeding with testers - commercial common wheat varieties Steklovidnaya 24, Almali, Zhetysu - inheritance of this trait by progenies in F-2-F-3 generations has been revealed in two constant lines: (Bezostaya 1 x Ae. cylindrica) x T kiharae and Zhetysu x T kiharae.


CLIQ, the Coupling-Loss Induced Quench system, is a new method for protecting superconducting magnets after a sudden transition to the normal state. It offers significant advantages over the conventional technology due to its effective mechanism for heating the superconductor relying on coupling loss and its robust electrical design, which makes it more reliable and less interfering with the coil winding process.
The analysis of the electro-magnetic and thermal transients during and after a CLIQ discharge allows identifying the system parameters that affect the system performance and defining guidelines for implementing this technology on coils of various characteristics.
Most existing superconducting magnets can be protected by CLIQ as convincingly shown by test results performed on magnets of different sizes, superconductor types, geometries, cables and strand parameters.
Experimental results are successfully reproduced by means of a novel technique for modeling non-linear dynamic effects in superconducting magnets.
The design of future magnets can be adapted for improving the performance of a CLIQ-based protection system in terms of lower hot-spot temperature, safer electrical design, as well as reduced size and cost. The impact of the proposed measures, including modifications to the composition of the superconductor and addition of multiple CLIQ terminals, are analyzed and discussed.
CLIQ's fast and relatively homogeneous transfer of the coil to the normal state can enable safe magnet operation at energy densities presently incompatible with the performance of other protection systems.
CLIQ technology has rapidly reached maturity and is ready for implementation on present and future high field superconducting magnets.


Rhodoliths (free-living coralline red algae) can thrive under a wide range of temperatures, reduced light, and increased nutrient levels, and often form a distinct so-called rhodalgal lithofacies that is an important component of Cenozoic shallow-water carbonates. Global distributions illustrate that from the late-early to early-late Miocene (Burdigalian-early Tortonian), rhodalgal facies reached peak abundances and commonly replaced coral-reef environments, accompanied by a decline in other carbonate-producing phototrophs. We argue that the dominance of red algae over coral reefs was triggered in the Burdigalian by enhanced trophic resources associated with a global increase in productivity, as evidenced by a long-term shift toward higher carbon isotope values. Rhodalgal lithofacies expanded further in the middle Miocene when strengthened thermal gradients associated with the establishment of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet led to enhanced upwelling while climate change generated increased weathering rates, introducing land-derived nutrients into the oceans. Globally cooler temperatures following a climatic optimum in the early-middle Miocene contributed to sustain the dominance of red algae and prevented the recovery of coral reefs. The global shift in nearshore shallow-water carbonate producers to groups tolerant of higher levels of trophic resources provides further evidence for increased nutrient levels during that time interval and shows the sensitivity of shallow-water carbonate facies as indicators of past oceanographic conditions.


Emotions are mechanisms of action of processes in society. To express and share emotions is called emotional disclosure which is related to well-being. Moreover, emotional disclosure is a process of construction connected to interaction which makes it interesting to do research on emotional disclosure in a group context. By applying a discursive analysis with a constructivist perspective, there will be provided insight into the phenomenon. Therefore an edited script and audio recordings of a workshop collective narrative futuring for psychology students at University of Twente, Enschede, were used. During the workshop the students were asked to write a future letter and voluntarily share it with the group of ten people. The students appeared to have an ambivalent position on emotional disclosure with three underlying paradoxes: the paradox of individuality deals with the ambivalent level of identification the students had. On the one hand they referred to an individual level of identification and on the other hand their identification took in a larger degree place on a group level. This paradox influences the interaction pattern and emotional disclosure whereby the students are placed in front of a second paradox. The paradox of (internal) attribution deals with self-conviction based on the thought of fulfilling the group requirements whereas the group shows acceptation and appreciation with respect to the act of emotional disclosure. The (third) paradox of emotional disclosure deals with the fact that the students state not willing to do emotional disclosure in this group context but certainly doing it within the course of interaction. The paradoxical character highlights effect of the group context on emotional disclosure and clarifies the interweavement of emotional disclosure and other styles of emotion regulation such as inhibition. From this follows an additional value for follow-up research regarding to therapeutic contexts for example in addiction treatment or in education. The provided insights underline the complexity of group processes, emotion regulation strategies and the importance of emotional disclosure for many aspects.


During our research we investigated the marigold's (Calendula officinalis L.) nutrient requirements with different fertilization treatments in small-plot trial. We measured the harvested marigold's drug's raw and dry weight on a weekly basis from July 6th until August 17th. We were using SPME (Solid phase microextraction) and GC-MS (gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer) to examined the effects of the different fertilization settings for the herb's main active ingredients of essential oil's percentage.
It was concluded, based on the results, the N30P40K60 fertilization setting is ideal in terms of the quantity of the marigold drug. Both the raw and the dry weights' measurements of the case, this fertilization setting have the most important effect on the herb's yield. The analysis of variance didn't show significant differences between the plots with different fertilization settings. We discovered relationship between the drying loss and the increasing quantities of nutrients. We think it may be possible the Alpha-thujon's and Alpha-cadinol's production and the drying loss's data are connected, which appear to confirm the N15P20K30 treatment's data.


The use of transgenic plants to express orally immunogenic protein antigens is an emerging strategy for vaccine biomanufacturing and delivery. This concept has particular suitability for developing countries. One factor that has limited the development of this technology is the relatively modest levels of accumulation of some antigenic proteins in plant tissues. We used fusion protein design to improve expression of the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by attempting to mimic the process of HBsAg targeting to the endoplasmic reticulum of human liver cells during hepatitis B virus infection. We created a gene encoding a recombinant HBsAg modified to contain a plant signal peptide fused to its amino terminus. The signal peptide from soybean vegetative storage protein vspA (VSPαS) directed endoplasmic reticulum targeting of HBsAg in plant cells, but was not cleaved and resulted in enhanced VSPαS-HBsAg fusion accumulation. This product was more stable and presented the protective "a" antigenic determinant to significantly higher levels than unmodified native HBsAg expressed in plant cells. It also showed a greater extent of intermolecular disulfide bond formation and formation of virus-like particles. Moreover, VSPαS-HBsAg stimulated higher levels of serum IgG than native HBsAg when injected into mice. We conclude that HBsAg tolerates a polypeptide fusion at the amino terminus and that VSPαS-HBsAg is an improved antigen for plant-based expression of a subunit vaccine for hepatitis B virus.


A numerical simulation method is presented in this paper for 3D low speed micro flapping-wing with complex kinematics. The main characteristics for the numerical simulation of Flapping-wing Micro Air Vehicle (FMAV) include: low speed, big range of wing motion, and complex kinematics. The low speed problem is solved by preconditioning method. The big range of wing motion problem is solved by chimera grid system. The problem of complex kinematics is solved by decomposed into three main motions, i.e. plunging, pitching, and swing respectively. The numerical method is solving the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equations for the viscous flow over micro flapping-wing. The numerical method of this paper is validated by good accordance with experimental results of reference. This method can used to simulate the aerodynamic performance of micro flapping-wing with complex kinematics in low speed and is helpful to the FMAV designers as a design tool.


Background and aims: Many studies have investigated the interpersonal dimensions of narcissism, though women's perceptions of sexual relationship with a narcissistic individual have rarely been the topic of interest. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the sexual lived experiences of women living with narcissistic men. Methods: To this end, a qualitative thematic analysis was used to have a better understanding of the concept. A total of 31 women were selected through convenience sampling technique and were interviewed using a semi-structured interview, all of whom were living with their narcissistic husbands. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed by thematic analysis. Results: Based on the findings of this study, two main themes emerged during data analysis. First, women found their sexual relationship with a narcissistic man insecure, as well as the perception that their relationship was one-sided and demanding. In addition, the insecured relationship comprised several subthemes including the lack of sexual intimacy, sexual aggression and unwanted sex, and low commitment. The other main themes contained two sub-themes, namely, unrealistic and excessive expectations from the spouse and the relationship and the lack of responsibility and cooperation of the husband. Conclusion: This study was mainly focused on sexuality in living with a narcissistic person and the results showed that sex is strongly influenced by the consequences of narcissism. This study also has some research and clinical implications for future research.


Context. Understanding the relation between the attenuation and the gas is fundamental for interpreting the appearance of galaxies. This can now be done down to a local scale in the local Universe, thanks to the high spatial resolution achievable from the far-ultraviolet (FUV) to the far-infrared (FIR). More importantly, this relation is also crucial for predicting the emission of galaxies. This is essential in semi-analytic models that link dark matter from large cosmological simulations, to the baryonic matter which we can observe directly.
Aims. The aim of the present paper is to provide new and more detailed relations at the kpc scale between the gas surface density and the face-on optical depth directly calibrated on galaxies, in order to compute the attenuation not only for semi-analytic models, but also for observational models as new and upcoming radio observatories are able to trace gas ever farther away in the Universe.
Methods. We have selected a sample of 4 nearby resolved galaxies and a sample of 27 unresolved galaxies from the Herschel Reference Survey and the Very Nearby Galaxies Survey, for which we have a large set of multi-wavelength data from the FUV to the FIR including metallicity gradients for resolved galaxies, along with radio HI and CO observations. For each pixel in resolved galaxies and for each galaxy in the unresolved sample, we compute the face-on optical depth from the attenuation determined with the CIGALE spectral energy distribution fitting code and an assumed geometry. We determine the gas surface density from HI and CO observations with a metallicity-dependent XCO factor.
Results. We provide new, simple-to-use relations to determine the face-on optical depth from the gas surface density, taking the metallicity into account, which proves to be crucial for a proper estimate. The method used to determine the gas surface density or the face-on optical depth has little impact on the relations except for galaxies that have an inclination over 50°. Finally, we provide detailed instructions on how to efficiently compute the attenuation from the gas surface density taking into account possible information on the metallicity.
Conclusions. Examination of the influence of these new relations on simulated FUV and IR luminosity functions shows a clear impact compared to older, more-frequently used relations, which in turn could affect the conclusions drawn from studies based on large-scale cosmological simulations.


The design of base chemistry and optimization of rolling schedule are the two important factors that influence large strain accumulation in multi-pass rolling in order to obtain ultra-fine grain size by dynamic recrystallization. A base chemistry of 0.03C-0.003N-0.08Nb-0.015Ti-1.8Mn (all in weight %) of HTP steel design was chosen in order to control the time evolution of strain induced precipitation of NbC and the strain accumulation through precipitate interaction with recovery and recrystallization at short inter-pass times characteristic of strip rolling. Experimental data on the critical strain for static and dynamic recrystallisation for HTP steel are used in a quantitative model to predict strain accumulation pass by pass and to achieve grain refinement by dynamic recrystallisation through large strain accumulation. The model is used to optimize the time-temperature-deformation schedule to prevent static recrystallization during the inter-pass times and to target ultra-fine grain size through dynamic recrystallization by large strain accumulation. The model predictions are validated by simulation of strip rolling of HTP steel on the thermo-mechanical simulator (WUMSI) to obtain a uniform ultra-fine ferrite grain size of about 1.5 micrometer diameter in final ferrite microstructure.


Researches on whether female fertility determines labour force participation or vice versa have reached mixed results. A high participation of females in the labour market can limit the family size, and conversely, low female fertility can free up their time and increase their participation in the labour market. As such, this paper sets out to answer the question of "What causes what?" Having established the existence of cointegration for Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, the Philippines and Indonesia (hereafter ASEAN-5) using time-series data for the 1980 to 2012 period and also for a panel for the ASEAN-5 countries, we found the presence of bidirectional causality between female fertility and female labour force participation. Other studies (Mishra & Smyth, 2010; Salamaliki, Venetis, & Giannakopoulos, 2013) concur with this results. We therefore conclude that for the ASEAN-5 countries to increase female labour force participation rate and offset fertility declines, there should be supportive policies in the form of more flexible labour market arrangements, better access to childcare and increased maternity benefits.Keywords: female fertility, female labour force participation, causality


Few studies have been reported which evaluate the cardiorespiratory responses of young athletes and fewer still which are concerned with the young elite hockey player. The problems of measurement were outlined and described. These included the selection of appropriate samples for study, the identification of those variables to be measured which will yield the most important factors and the appropriate methods for use with these subjects. Comparisons between young athletes and normative data on less active boys were described. In the athletic population the maximal aerobic power increased across ages 10 to 14, whereas, the values for the less active norms decreased with age. Values for age related changes in blood lactate were also reported.


Matched-field acoustic source localization is a challenging task when environmental properties of the oceanic waveguide are not precisely known. Errors in the assumed environment (mismatch) can cause severe degradations in localization performance. This paper develops a Bayesian approach to improve robustness to environmental mismatch by considering the waveguide Green's function to be an uncertain random vector whose probability density accounts for environmental uncertainty. The posterior probability density is integrated over the Green's function probability density to obtain a joint marginal probability distribution for source range and depth, accounting for environmental uncertainty and quantifying localization uncertainty. Because brute-force integration in high dimensions can be costly, an efficient method is developed in which the multidimensional Green's function integration is approximated by one-dimensional integration over a suitably defined correlation measure. An approach to approximate the Green's function covariance matrix, which represents the environmental mismatch, is developed based on modal analysis. Examples are presented to illustrate the method and Monte-Carlo simulations are carried out to evaluate its performance relative to other methods. The proposed method gives efficient, reliable source localization and uncertainties with improved robustness toward environmental mismatch. c ©2015 Acoustical Society of America PACS numbers: 43.30.Wi, 43.60.Jn, 43.60.Pt, 43.30.Bp


The following paper explains the methodology followed for the creation of a morphologically tagged medical lexicon in Japanese. In order to build this medical resource we have taken into account the morphosyntactic characteristics of the language as well as the origins and formation of the medical terms. Following this, we have compiled a list using the Japanese MutiMedica corpus, special tags from a POS tagger, and several specialised medical dictionaries. After considering three different taggers (ChaSen, Mecab, Juman) we finally chose Juman for the tagging of the lexicon. The issue of the oversegmentation of the language was then corrected and the tags have been normalised. This resource is the base component for the creation of a medical term extractor.


We investigate the effect of pore confinement and molecular geometry on the adsorption and self-diffusion of H2O, CO2, Ar, CH4, C3H6, SF6 and C5H12, in a realistic model of nanoporous silicon carbide derived carbon (SiC-DC), constructed using hybrid reverse Monte Carlo simulation. Adsorption isotherms, adsorbate–adsorbate and adsorbate–adsorbent contributions to the isosteric heat of adsorption are determined to study the effect of pore confinement, microporosity and molecular geometry on adsorption of these gases. We describe the cooperative effect of pore confinement and hydrogen bonding on the formation of water clusters and anomalous adsorption behaviour of water compared with non-polar gases. We find that, in contrast to literature results based on the slit-pore model, pore-filling does not occur below the saturation pressure in hydrophobic amorphous carbon materials such as SiC-DC and activated carbon fibre. We also compare self-diffusivities and activation energy barriers of water and non-polar gases in the microporous structure of SiC-DC to identify underlying correlations with molecular properties. We demonstrate that the self-diffusivity of water deviates considerably from the correlation between diffusivity and molecular kinetic diameter observed for non-polar gases. This is attributed to the reduced diffusivity of water, and its relatively large energy barrier at high loadings despite its small kinetic diameter, which is due to the blocking effect of water clusters at pore entries.


The proper measurement of inflation in health care is important for policymakers to understand the drivers of price growth. For this reason, the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) recently released an alternate presentation of inflation for the health care sector that examines prices by disease, such as treatment of diabetes, rather than by place of service, such as a hospital stay. This account does not yet incorporate spending on nursing home care, providing an incomplete picture of inflation in the health care sector. To fill this gap, this paper calculates price indexes by disease for nursing home care for 2000-2009. We find prices in the overall nursing home sector grew at an average annual rate of only 0.9% during the period using these indexes. Price growth was slower for long-term nursing home residents (1.4%) compared to short-term residents (2.8%). Diseases of the circulatory system was the most prevalent disease category, followed by mental illness for long-term residents and diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue for short-term patients. These three categories of diseases also received the largest allocations of spending, with the bulk going towards patients diagnosed with mental conditions. Overall, nursing home price growth in the 2000s was much slower than for other health care sectors. Incorporating disease-based price indexes for nursing homes into BEA's new health care account will provide a more comprehensive picture of health care spending trends and inflation.


We compare the high velocity dewetting behavior, at elevated temperatures, of atactic polystyrene (aPS) and isotactic polystyrene (iPS) films, with the zero shear bulk viscosity (η_{bulk}) of aPS being approximately ten times larger than iPS. As expected, for aPS the apparent viscosity of the films (η_{f}) derived from high-shear dewetting is less than η_{bulk}, displaying a shear thinning behavior. Surprisingly, for iPS films, η_{f} is always larger than η_{bulk}, even at about 50 °C above the melting point, with η_{f}/η_{bulk} following an Arrhenius behavior. The corresponding activation energy of ∼160±10  kJ/mol for iPS films suggests a cooperative motion of segments which are aligned and agglomerated by fast dewetting.


The Simple Temporal Network (STN) is a widely used framework for reasoning about quantitative temporal constraints over variables with continuous or discrete domains. Determining consistency and deriving the minimal network are traditionally achieved by graph algorithms (e.g., FloydWarshall, Johnson) or by iteration of narrowing operators (e.g., STP). However, none of these existing methods exploit effectively the tree-decomposition structure of the constraint graph of an STN. Methods based on variable elimination (e.g., adaptive consistency) can exploit this structure, but have not been applied to STNs, in part because it is unclear how to efficiently pass the 'messages' over a set of continuous domains. We first show that for an STN, these messages can be represented compactly as sub-STNs. We then present an efficient message passing scheme for computing the minimal constraints of an STN. Analysis of the new algorithm, PropSTP, brings formal explanation of the performance of the existing STN solvers STP and SR-PC. Preliminary empirical results validate the efficiency of Prop-STP in cases where the constraint network is known to have small tree-width, such as those that arise in Hierarchical Task Network planning prob-


The parameters of transmembrane potentials of cardiomyocytes and dynamics of fibrillation process have been investigated when altering the level of sympathetic action on the heart by injection of rausedile, katecholamines and by stimulation of the nucleus of hypothalamus. It was shown that the injection of rausedile decreases rest potential and potential activity, meanwhile electrical irritation significantly increases the period of spontaneously reversible fibrillation.


The ambient bioaerosols were measured in PM2.5 and PM10 samples taken in Huangshi City, Hubei Province, China, during autumn and winter from November 2017 to February 2018. Both the bioaerosol number concentration and size distribution (0.37–16 µm) were obtained by direct fluorescent staining coupled with microscopic imaging. The bioaerosol number concentrations ranged from 0.05 to 3.4 # cm–3 for PM2.5 and from 0.17 to 5.7 # cm–3 for PM10, with averages of 0.90 # cm–3 and 1.9 # cm–3, respectively. In terms of particle number, the bioaerosols were dominated by fine particles (0.37–2.5 µm in diameter), with a larger proportion of submicron than supermicron particles. Assuming a unit density of 1 g cm–3 and a spherical shape for the particles, the mass abundances of the bioaerosols were estimated to be 2.4 ± 1.9% and 4.8 ± 3.2% of the PM2.5 and PM10, respectively, as measured by a nearby compliance monitor. Higher bioaerosol concentrations were observed in winter than autumn and on polluted than non-polluted days. During heavily polluted conditions, bioaerosols in the PM2.5 and PM10 were enriched by 6 and 3.7 times, respectively, compared to non-polluted days and contributed up to 15% of the PM10 mass. Rainfall and snowfall appeared to lower the bioaerosol levels. As enhanced emission controls on combustion and dust sources decrease PM levels in China, the bioaerosol fraction in measured PM concentrations will likely increase.


In this communication, a new empirical formula for the absorption of sound in seawater is derived. The starting point of this investigation is the formula proposed by Ainslie and Mc- Colm for attenuation due to the boron and magnesium relaxations. Constants in the expression are treated as parameters to be deter- mined. Since this is a nonlinear inverse problem, a global search is used to find the parameter setting that yields the best fit to in situ absorption measurements. The obtained formula is simpler than and at least as accurate as the widely used absorption formula of Francois and Garrison (FG).


Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate lymphedema post-breast cancer surgery in a small town in Brazil. Design: Study census-type populational of the town of Palmares Paulista, Brazil in the period from September 2008 to May 2009. Method: The prevalence of lymphedema post-breast cancer surgery was evaluated in 1583 women. Home visits were made on Saturdays and Sundays by a physician, physiotherapists and an occupational therapist. In a single visit, female residents were questioned about surgical treatment of breast cancer, time of surgery, outbreaks of erysipelas and the presence of edema after the surgery. A diagnosis of edema was reached from the patients' personal feeling that the arm became swollen after treatment. Results: Of the 1583 women who participated in the study, 32 had been submitted to the surgical treatment of breast cancer with axillary dissection, with 12 (37.5%) reporting subsequent edema of the arm. Only one episode of erysipelas or cellulitis was reported. The time from surgery varied between 2 and 12 years with a mean of 7 years. Conclusion: Patients submitted to breast cancer surgery suffer a high rate of lymphedema but a low incidence of arm infections.


The aim of this paper is to provide a macroeconomic framework of the conditions and challenges to relaunch an in-sight development process, and on the occasion of an event, «Matera 2019» , whose potentials exceed the boundaries of the city and cover a larger area and the region as a whole. It is a region that is very sensitive to the business cycle called to the challenge of product diversification, to overcome the paradox of its central geographical position and, at the same time, of its isolation in the southern context. In this framework, 2019 offers Matera an important chance on condition that it becomes an opportunity for a «balanced» and «durable» development process. Balanced, because it is not limited to tourism and creative activities, whose potentials have to be promoted as well, but it is also linked to the relaunching of infrastructure and energy, light industry and agribusiness, thanks to integrated logistics too. And durable, because it cannot be limited to a cultural appointment but has to fit into a strategic development plan, whose ben efits for the citizens, and not only for visitors, must continue to accrue over time.


The breeding behaviour of Specked Teal; hereafter teal, in eastern Argentina, is influenced strongly by their preference for Monk Parakeet nest cavities. I observed a marked population (n=337) on the Estancia Los Yngleses, province of Buenos Aires, Argentina from August to December between 1991 and 1994. All pair bonds between marked pairs (n=38) were monogamous and typically lasted at least two breeding seasons and some lasted at least six years (mean = 2.24 1.12, range 1-6). The probability of divorce was 10.6% and five divorces were recorded in a total of 28 pairs observed over four breeding seasons. Most mate changes (71.5%) followed the disappearance of one pair member. Competition among males for mates was intense. Eight of nine males failed to re-pair following mate loss and many males unpaired at the beginning of the study (16 of 21) were thought to remain unpaired during the study. Only females (n = 7) were successful in re-pairing following the loss of a mate. Males were present with the female and brood in all families observed (n = 9) and the absence of male sightings following exodus from the nest area (n = 33) provided circumstantial evidence that males remained with the female and brood throughout the brood-rearing period. Males escorted broods, retrieved ducklings that strayed, shared alert time with females, and performed distraction displays.


The use of the word 'indie' in relation to video games has shifted from referring to games
made independently of a large publisher to being a more nebulous term that is harder to
define but that is clearly used at times to refer to games other than those made without the
financial assistance of publishers. This thesis seeks to contribute to the ongoing debate in
academic writing on video games as to the meaning of the phrase 'indie games'. The thesis
combines textual and institutional analysis to contextualise the modern indie game by
investigating the history of independent video game production in the UK and USA from the
1970s to the modern day, with reference to how changes in technology have shaped
independent video game production over time. Alternative models of production that existed
before the indie games of the mid-2000s onwards are an under researched area, and this
thesis argues that a number of independent counter trends to dominant industry practices
set precedents for many of the features of later indie games, in terms of content, style,
distribution methods, and models of production. The thesis also contains a case study into
the publisher-funded indie games of Jenova Chen and Thatgamecompany which investigates
the conflicting definitions of indie in academic writing on video games and other forms of
media, arguing that as with indie in cinema, indie in games functions as a form of cultural
capital for the audience and developers. Finally, through an investigation into games made in
the 'independent space' of the games industry, or games made independently of publishers,
the thesis explores the notion of creative autonomy, arguing that there is not a
straightforward correlation between 'independent thought' and 'independent funding', and
that this independent space is a often a site of co-creation and audience participation that at
once functions as a modern independent counter trend to dominant industry practices while
also influencing and changing those same dominant practices.


We describe a cavity-QED scheme to deterministically generate polarization entangled photon pairs by using a single atom successively coupled to two single longitudinal mode cavities presenting polarization degeneracy. The cavities are initially prepared either in the vacuum state or in a single photon Fock state for each orthogonal polarization. Sharing the same basic elements, the source can operate on different physical processes. For a V-type three-level atom initially prepared in the ground state two implementations of the source are possible using either: i) two truncated Rabi Oscillations, or ii) a counterintuitive Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage process. Although slower than the former implementation, this second one is very efficient and robust under fluctuations of the experimental parameters and, particularly interesting, almost insensitive to atomic decay. For a four-level atom in a diamond configuration initially prepared in the upper state, the source can produce entangled photon pairs even in the bad cavity limit via an adiabatic passage process. We have performed Monte Carlo wave function simulations to characterize these sources by means of: i) the success probability P of producing the desired entangled state, ii) the fidelity F in the reduced space of two emitted cavity photons, and iii) the S parameter of the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) inequality to quantify the entanglement capability.


Rapid-speed photographs taken early, midway, and late in a series of 80 trials of a closed skill (backward jump for distance) were analyzed to determine the effect of practice on within-S variability in performance technique. Means and variability for the distance criterion remained constant over sessions while variability at angle of hip and ankle during landing and variability of joint velocities prior to take-off decreased. Differences between kinds of closed skills were considered in accounting for the outcome.


Today, there are many situations for which the possibility of applying competition law to intellectual property rights (IPRs) is recognized. However, there is considerable dispute when it comes to the originary acquisition of IPRs. Are IP registration procedures a topic for competition law, or should they be left to the correction mechanisms provided for in IP law itself? The strongest argument in favor of the parallel application of competition law is the fact that already the existence of IPRs has an impact on competition, and not only the later exercise of these rights. If the IPR has been granted due to misleading representations before the patent office, the economic effects are not compatible with the ideal of competition on the merits. Even in the absence of misleading information, the filing of blocking patents may, in exceptional circumstances, enter into conflict with competition law. If there is no perspective whatsoever to use or commercialize the patent in question, to support other innovations or to pursue further legitimate interests, and if the purpose of the patent is solely to block the development of other firms, the acquisition of that patent is abusive.


: An illustrative case report and a review of the literature are presented. The tarsal tunnel syndrome is a relatively rare syndrome consisting of pain, paresthesias, and varying degrees of motor and vasomotor changes in any or all three branches of the posterior tibial nerve at the ankle. It represents a pressure neuropathy secondary to intrinsic or extrinsic stenosis of the tarsal tunnel, with a wide variety of underlying causes. The clinical suspicion may be confirmed by electromyography and nerve conduction studies, comparing motor and sensory action potential latency, amplitude and duration to that of the uninvolved foot. Surgical decompression affords the only consistent good results with an 80% to 90% cure rate.


This research shows stereotype activation is controlled by chronic egalitarian goals. In the first 2 studies it was found that the stereotype of women is equally available to individuals with and without chronic goals, and the discriminant validity of the concept of egalitarian goals was established. In the next 2 experiments, differences in stereotype activation as a function of this individual difference were found. In Study 3, participants read attributes following stereotypical primes. Facilitated response times to stereotypical attributes were found for nonchronics but not for chronics. This lack of facilitation occurred at stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) where effortful correction processes could not operate, demonstrating preconscious control of stereotype activation due to chronic goals. In Study 4, inhibition of the stereotype was found at an SOA where effortful processes of stereotype suppression could not operate. The data reveal that goals are activated and used preconsciously to prevent stereotype activation, demonstrating both the controllability of stereotype activation and the implicit role of goals in cognitive control.


Macrocycles made of cholate building blocks were previously found to transport glucose readily across lipid bilayers. In this study, an 15N, 13Cα-labeled glycine was inserted into a cyclic cholate trimer and attached at the end of a linear trimer, respectively. The isotopic labeling allowed us to use solid-state NMR spectroscopy to study the dynamics, aggregation, and depth of insertion of these compounds in lipid membranes. The cyclic compound was found to be mostly immobilized in DLPC, POPC/POPG, and POPC/POPG/cholesterol membranes, whereas the linear trimer displayed large-amplitude motion that depended on the membrane thickness and viscosity. 13C-detected 1H spin diffusion experiments revealed the depth of insertion of the compounds in the membranes, as well as their contact with water molecules. The data support a consistent stacking model for the cholate macrocycles in lipid membranes, driven by the hydrophobic interactions of the water molecules in the interior of the macrocycles. The study also shows a strong preference of the linear trimer for the membrane surface, consistent with its lack of transport activity in earlier liposome leakage assays. ABSTRACT: Macrocycles made of cholate building blocks were previously found to transport glucose readily across lipid bilayers. In this study, an 15 N, 13 C α -labeled glycine was inserted into a cyclic cholate trimer and attached at the end of a linear trimer, respectively. The isotopic labeling allowed us to use solid-state NMR spectroscopy to study the dynamics, aggregation, and depth of insertion of these compounds in lipid membranes. The cyclic compound was found to be mostly immobilized in DLPC, POPC/POPG, and POPC/POPG/cholesterol membranes, whereas the linear trimer displayed large-amplitude motion that depended on the membrane thickness and viscosity. 13 C-detected 1 H spin di ff usion experiments revealed the depth of insertion of the compounds in the membranes, as well as their contact with water molecules. The data support a consistent stacking model for the cholate macrocycles in lipid membranes, driven by the hydrophobic interactions of the water molecules in the interior of the macrocycles. The study also shows a strong preference of the linear trimer for the membrane surface, consistent with its lack of transport activity in earlier liposome leakage assays.


Background: Superficial skin injuries are considered minor, and their incidence is probably underestimated. Insight into the incidence and mechanism of acute skin injuries can be helpful in developing suitable preventive measures and safer playing surfaces for soccer and other field sports. Purpose: To gain insight into the incidence and severity of skin injuries related to soccer and to describe the skin injury mechanism due to player-surface contact. Study Design: Systematic review. Methods: The prevention model by van Mechelen et al. (1992) combined with the injury causation model of Bahr and Krosshaug (2005) were used as a framework for the survey to describe the skin injury incidence and mechanism caused by player-surface contact. Results: The reviewed literature showed that common injury reporting methods are mainly based on time lost from participation or the need for medical attention. Because skin abrasions seldom lead to absence or medical attention, they are often not reported. When reported, the incidence of abrasion/lacerations injuries varies from 0.8 to 6.1 injuries per 1000 player-hours. Wound assessment techniques such as the Skin Damage Area and Severity Index can be a valuable tool to obtain a more accurate estimation of the incidence and severity of acute skin injuries. Conclusion: The use of protective equipment, a skin lubricant, or wet surface conditions has a positive effect on preventing abrasion-type injuries from artificial turf surfaces. The literature also shows that essential biomechanical information of the sliding event is lacking, such as how energy is transferred to the area of contact. From a clinical and histological perspective, there are strong indications that a sliding-induced skin lesion is caused by mechanical rather than thermal injury to the skin.


The hexadehydro-Diels–Alder (HDDA) reaction between an alkyne and a 1,3-diyne has recently become a rapidly growing area in the field of aryne chemistry. Both concerted and stepwise mechanisms for HDDA are energetically and geometrically feasible. The formation of a reactive benzyne intermediate under thermal conditions has been coupled with a wide variety of intra- and intermolecular trapping reactions to access highly functionalised aromatic compounds. With this in mind, reagents can be tailored to generate compounds for desired applications such as the synthesis of bioactive molecules or optoelectronic materials. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the HDDA reaction to date.


A series of flow-cell experiments were performed to investigate the performance of cosmetic rhamnolipid surfactant flooding on the relationship between source zone mass removal and mass flux reduction for pool-dominated DNAPL TCE source zones in heterogeneous porous media. The results were also compared to those of water-flood control experiments to assess the surfactant enhanced flushing efficacy. The flooding experiments were performed for silica sand and natural calcareous soil representing two different degrees of physical heterogeneity. The result from the flow-cell experiments showed that higher than 97% of TCE mass was removed during rhamnolipid flooding for both porous media scenarios. Although, rhamnolipid flooding experiment results showed successful remediation performance, DNAPL TCE dissolution and rhamnolipid-enhanced dissolution in heterogeneous porous media system exhibited multi-step mass-flux reduction/mass-removal behavior due to the presence of less hydraulically-accessible pool-dominated TCE source zone. However, mass removal and mass-flux reduction relationships for rhamnolipid flushing cases exhibited more ideal removal behavior, indicating the more efficient remediation performance compared to water flooding alone. For all cases, the later stage of mass removal was controlled by the more poorly-accessible mass associated with pool-dominated source zones. The results of this study revealed the impact of non-uniformity of the flow-field and effect of enhanced-solubilization agent on mass removal and mass-flux reduction behavior for DNAPL source zones in saturated porous media


Abstract: Dementia, as a clinical syndrome, has many potential causes. The majority of cases are due to neurodegenerative diseases and/or vascular disease with relatively gradual progressive clinical courses. However, dementia can be rapidly progressive with time courses measured in only weeks or a few months. These more rapidly progressive dementias often have clinical characteristics that are distinctive from the more typical slower dementias and with different aetiological considerations. There is no specific definition of "rapidly progressive dementia (RPD)". This talk will review the differential diagnosis of RPD in adults. Infections must be considered, including HIV-associated dementia, PML, SSPE, Whipples disease and prion diseases. Malignancy enters into the differential diagnosis in a variety of ways: rapidly progressive brain primary neoplasm, cerebral secondaries, intravascular lymphoma and non-metastatic encephalopathy. There are a number of miscellaneous immunological/inflammatory disorders, including Hashimoto's Encephalopathy, Morvan's Syndrome and primary cerebral vasculitis. Some causes (such as malignancy) are relatively common and usually relatively easy to diagnose and some may be suggested by past medical history or clinical context (as with HIV) but there are also great rarities (like Whipple's disease) that may be very difficult to confirm. Many of these conditions, especially other infections, will have helpfully differentiating systemic features, general test abnormalities, a CSF pleocytosis and brain imaging abnormalities. Primary and secondary malignancies should be demonstrable on cerebral imaging. Some conditions will have specific diagnostic tests such as HIV testing. Various antibody tests will be helpful in certain situations such as Morvan's syndrome, Hashimoto's encephalopathy and paraneoplastic syndromes. There are no specific, non-invasive tests for prion diseases in general, although genetic testing is available for those associated with PRNP mutations. Clinical diagnosis depends on a combination of clinical features, EEG and cerebral MRI characteristics and CSF protein findings. In sporadic CJD, the EEG and CSF 14-3-3 testing have been the main relevant supportive tests, but certain brain MR appearances have been evaluated in recent times. In variant CJD, the brain MR Pulvinar Sign and tonsil biopsy have been most useful. Brain biopsy may be considered in a minority of cases. Autopsy may be necessary for definitive diagnosis of RPD, especially in prion diseases.


This article reassesses the legal character of 'the general principles of law recognized by civilized nations', being one of the two unwritten sources of international law. The general principles of law are, however, the most controversial source of international law and have continued to divide the opinions of scholars and judges alike since their inception. Some view them as private law analogies, others as emanations of natural law and there are those who conflate them with custom. This article it seeks to identify the appropriate methodology for ascertaining the existence of the controversial 'general principles of law'. It does so by going back to the preparatory works of Article 38(1)(c) of the Statute of the ICJ and then critically assessing the practice of states and the case law of the Court on identifying general principles. It will be argued that general principles of law are an important source of international law in their own right with a systemic function in the international legal order and a distinct methodology for their ascertainment. Three categories of general principles will be distinguished based on the nuanced methodologies for their ascertainment applied by the ICJ and its predecessor, namely, general principles of international law, general principles of domestic law and general principles of procedural law.


We systematically evaluate how to translate a Calvo wage duration into an implied Rotemberg wage adjustment cost parameter in medium-scale New Keynesian DSGE models by making use of the well-known equivalence of the two setups at first order. We consider a wide range of felicity functions and show that the assumed household insurance scheme and the presence of labor taxation greatly matter for this mapping, giving rise to differences of up to one order of magnitude. Our results account for the inclusion of wage indexing, habit formation in consumption, and the presence of fixed costs in production. We also investigate the conditional and unconditional welfare implications of the wage-setting schemes under efficient and distorted steady states.


Background The advent of the Internet has driven a technological revolution that has changed our lives. As part of this phenomenon, social networks have attained a prominent role in health care. A variety of medical services is provided over the Internet, including home monitoring, interactive communications between the patient and service providers, and social support, among others. This study emphasizes some of the practical implications of Web-based health social networks for patients and for health care systems. Objective The objective of this study was to assess how participation in a social network among individuals with a chronic condition contributed to patient activation, based on the Patient Activation Measure (PAM). Methods A prospective, cross-sectional survey with a retrospective component was conducted. Data were collected from Camoni, a Hebrew-language Web-based social health network, participants in the diabetes mellitus, pain, hypertension, and depression/anxiety forums, during November 2012 to 2013. Experienced users (enrolled at least 6 months) and newly enrolled received similar versions of the same questionnaire including sociodemographics and PAM. Results Among 686 participants, 154 of 337 experienced and 123 of 349 newly enrolled completed the questionnaire. Positive correlations (P<.05) were found between frequency and duration of site visits and patient activation, social relationships, and chronic disease knowledge. Men surfed longer than women (χ²3=10.104, P<.05). Experienced users with diabetes surfed more than those with other illnesses and had significantly higher PAM scores (mean, M=69.3, standard deviation, SD=19.1, PAM level 4; Z=−4.197, P<.001) than new users (M=62.8, SD=18.7, PAM level 3). Disease knowledge directly predicted PAM for all users (β=.26 and .21, respectively). Frequency and duration of social health network use were correlated with increased knowledge about a chronic disease. Experienced surfers had higher PAM than newly enrolled, suggesting that continued site use may contribute to increased activation. Conclusions Web-based social health networks offer an opportunity to expand patient knowledge and increase involvement in personal health, thereby increasing patient activation. Further studies are needed to examine these changes on other aspects of chronic illnesses such as quality of life and costs.


In this paper, we present a new fuzzy decision-making method, which is based on likelihood-based comparison relations. First, we introduce the concepts of likelihood-based comparison relations for intervals. Then, we propose the concept of likelihood-based comparison relations for type-1 fuzzy sets and interval type-2 fuzzy sets. Then, we present a new method to rank fuzzy sets by using fuzzy targets based on the proposed likelihood-based comparison relations for fuzzy sets. Finally, we present a new fuzzy decision-making method based on the proposed likelihood-based comparison relations for fuzzy sets and the proposed fuzzy ranking method. The proposed fuzzy decision-making method has the advantage that the evaluated values can either be represented by crisp values, intervals, type-1 fuzzy sets or interval type-2 fuzzy sets. It can overcome the drawbacks of Huynh et al.'s method due to the fact that Huynh et al.'s method cannot deal with the ranking of interval type-2 fuzzy sets for fuzzy decision-making and cannot distinguish the ranking order between the alternatives in some situations.


Abstract Objectives To report two novel mutations in the BCKDHB gene with Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) and compare their data with 52 cases of MSUD reported in the available Chinese literature. Methods Clinical data of a case of a newborn with MSUD was retrospectively studied. Literatures on MSUD in the local medical journals from January 1990 till December 2019 in China were reviewed. Results Two novel BCKDHB mutations c.90_91insCTGGCGCGGGG (p.Phe35TrpfsTer41) and c.80_90del (p.Ala32PhefsTer48) were identified. We found a total of 52 cases of MSUD reports so far. A total of 49 cases had the symptom of poor feeding (94.2%), 50 cases showed poor responses to stimulation (96.2%), 21 cases had odor of maple syrup (40.3%), 29 cases had seizures (55.7%), and 13 cases had respiratory failure (25.0%). The average of the blood ammonia was 127.2 ± 75.0 μmol/L. A total of 18 cases reported the gene testing, among of them 9 cases of BCKDHA mutations, 6 cases of BCKDHB mutations, and 2 cases of DBT mutations. A total of 13 cases (25%) were treated with mechanical ventilation, 50 cases (96.2%) with protein-restricted diet and l-carnitine, 29 cases with thiamine, and only 2 cases were treated with blood purification. Finally, 19 patients (36.5%) were died, 21 cases (40.4%) were improved after treatments. Conclusions The clinical phenotype of neonatal MSUD in China belongs to the classical type currently. Suspected patients should have blood or urine branched-chain amino acid levels tested and brain MRI as early as possible to enable early diagnosis, thus improvement in prognosis.


Technical reports from the Automatic Control group in Linkk oping are available by anonymous ftp at the address ftp.control.isy.liu.se. This report is contained in the compressed postscript le 1996.ps.Z.


A novel implementation of watershed transform using a multi-degree immersion simulation is presented in this paper. The method is based on the improvement of traditional watershed by simulating immersion, which is originally proposed by Vincent & Soille in 1991. By changing the simulation procedure to multi-degree, which means the flood step is different on each degree of intensity, the proposed implementation resists the over segmentation problem effectively. After conducting a comparison of both the computing time and memory cost between the proposed method and a topographical distance based implementation, we draw the conclusion that the presented implementation achieves more accurate result with lower cost


This study examines the creep behaviour of austenitic steels under service temperatures, to determine the effect of creep on material performance. Nuclear power plant components are in regular use at temperatures greater than 450°C, where creep deformation plays a dominant role in limiting the lifetime of the material. The prime aim of this study was to characterise the effect of load-reductions on the creep behaviour of austenitic steels (AISI type 316H).

In-service materials seldom operate at a constant load and/or temperature. The supply demand, maintenance operations, refuelling, etc. will result in large variation of load and temperature acting on the material. Experiments where load/temperature removals during a creep test were therefore conducted. These unloading procedures result in material recovery of the accumulated creep strain (anelasticity). This phenomenon will influence the material properties such as creep life and ductilities. Creep life was found to increase by 2-3 times whereas creep ductilities decreased by 50% when compared to steady-load creep data under identical conditions.

The occurrence of anelasticity suggested the presence of a material backstress. The origin and evolution of this internal stress was investigated using neutron diffraction and TEM microscopy. Lattice strain measurements were conducted in-situ using neutron diffraction during a creep test which consisted of load/unload cycles. Experimental results suggest that creep strain is equivalent to plastic strain at a granular level. The data also shows intergranular micro-stresses are introduced into the material by primary creep. Anisotropic behaviour of the individual crystal planes results in formation of tensile and compressive intergranular stresses in individual grain families. Residual compressive stresses drive this anelastic deformation.

TEM examinations of samples stopped during the unload show changes in dislocation and precipitate morphologies during the plastic strain recovery phase. Evidence of a changing dislocation substructure during the load-reduction period was found. Examinations have also shown carbide densities change during the unload. Pipe diffusion is a possible mechanism which can be used to explain this occurrence. The changing precipitate and dislocation state will influence the strengthening mechanisms, which in-turn will affect the deformation characteristics. These microstructural observations were introduced into a damage mechanics model. Predictions of material behaviour using this model have shown good agreement with experimental data.

Outcomes of this project, have established that changes in creep deformation mechanisms will greatly influence material properties. Deformation history of the material will affect the intergranular stress state which in turn will affect the elastic and plastic response of the material. The effect of plastic strain history must be considered and incorporated accounted in any design and assessment procedure.


In general, the humanitarian justification for military intervention adopts the criteria of traditional just war doctrine : just cause, legitimate authority, good intentions, positive effect, last recourse and proportionality. There are at least three ways of approaching the first of these criteria, that of just cause. Some authors formulate it in terms of rights : since humanitarian intervention is defined as aiming to prevent or put an end to massive violations of human rights, determining the just cause is ultimately a matter of stating what rights are in question. Most authors formulate this in terms of acts of violence : they prepare a list of crimes that in their view constitute just causes of intervention. The third approach consists of phrasing the question in terms of harm, without necessarily specifying what rights have been violated or what crimes have caused harm. This position falls within the framework of a consequentialist perspective.


This chapter examines the processes of democratization in East Asia over the past two decades. It first provides a historical background on transitions to democracy in the region before assessing the extent to which third-wave democracies have consolidated by appraising the quality of their performances. Analyses of Freedom House and the World Bank data show that the East Asian region has been slow in responding to the surging wave of global democratization in terms of not only transforming authoritarian regimes into electoral democracies, but also consolidating electoral democracies into well-functioning liberal democracies. The Asian Barometer surveys, on the other hand, reveal that the mass citizenries of China and Singapore endorse their current regime as a well-functioning democracy, and are not much in favour of democratic regime change in their country. The chapter concludes with a discussion of prospects for democratic regime change in China and Singapore.


In previous studies, patients with Stage III melanomas expressing PD-L1 in more than 5% of their neoplastic cells had improved recurrence-free survival with anti-PD1 adjuvant therapy. We examined PD-L1 expression as a possible biomarker of primary cutaneous melanomas in the vertical growth phase. This was a retrospective study including 66 patients with invasive primary cutaneous melanomas. We assessed patient clinical and histopathological data and performed immunohistochemical assays with melanoma specimens from the patients to evaluate PD-L1, PD-1, CD3, CD8 and FoxP3 expression. We observed PD-L1 expression in 21% (14/66) of our samples, and this expression correlated with increased melanoma thickness (p = 0.002) and nodular-type melanoma (p = 0.001). After adjusting for tumor thickness using a logistic regression test, the association of PD-L1 with nodular-type melanoma persisted. Nodular-type melanoma was 6.48 times more likely to be positive for PD-L1 than other histological types (p = 0.014; 95% CI: 1.46–28.82). As expected, PD-L1 expression correlated with the number of PD-1-expressing cells in the tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte population (p = 0.04). No correlation with PD-L1 was observed for age, sex, tumor site, skin phototype, ulceration status, sentinel lymph node status, metastasis development or survival. Regarding the immune profile of the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes of PD-L1-positive and -negative groups, no significant differences were observed in the numbers of CD3 +, CD8 + FoxP3-, CD8-FoxP3+ and CD8 + FoxP3+ cells by immunohistochemistry. Nodular-type melanoma is associated with PD-L1 expression and may be a suitable candidate for adjuvant therapy of primary melanomas treated with immunotherapy.


List of Figures Preface Introduction Felix Girke and Christian Meyer PART I: INTERSUBJECTIVITY Chapter 1. The Dance of Rhetoric: Dialogic Selves and Spontaneously Responsive Expressions John Shotter Chapter 2. Co-opting Intersubjectivity: Dialogic Rhetoric of the Self John W. DuBois Chapter 3. Echo Chambers and Rhetoric. Sketch of a Model of Resonance Theory Pierre Maranda Chapter 4. Discourse beyond Language: Cultural Rhetoric, Revelatory Insight, and Nature Donal Carbaugh and David Boromisza-Habashi Chapter 5. The Spellbinding Aura of Culture. Tracing its Anthropological Discovery Bernhard Streck Chapter 6. Tenor in Culture Ivo Strecker PART II: EMERGENCE Chapter 7. Attending the Vernacular. A Plea for an Ethnographical Rhetoric Gerard A. Hauser Chapter 8. Enhoused Speech: The Rhetoric of Foi Territoriality James F. Weiner Chapter 9. Transcultural Rhetoric and Cyberspace Filipp Sapienza Chapter 10. Jesuit Rhetorics: Translation Versus Conversion in Early-Modern Goa Alexander Henn Chapter 11. Evoking Peace and Arguing Harmony. An Example of Transcultural Rhetoric in Southern Ethiopia Felix Girke and Alula Pankhurst PART III: AGENCY Chapter 12. In Defense of the Orator. A Classicist Outlook on Rhetoric Culture Franz-Hubert Robling Chapter 13. Rhetoric, Anti-Structure, and the Social Formation of Authorship James Thomas Zebroski Chapter 14. Attention & Rhetoric: Prolepsis and the Problem of Meaning Todd Oakley Chapter 15. Emergence, Agency and the Middle Ground of Culture: A Meditation on Mediation Stephen A. Tyler Notes on Contributors Index


Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is underdiagnosed, undertreated, and often misunderstood by both physicians and the general public, according to a new report, Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Women: The Unmet Needs. The report was released by the Society for Women?s Health Research (SWHR), an advocacy organization based in Washington, D.C. The SWHR recently held a media briefing to present the findings of the report and launch its educational initiative, called Talk IBS.


Presents a practical vision of how different types of American communities can make the transition to a way of life which reduces their dependence on diminishing natural resources and, at the same time, increase community self-reliance and cooperation. The authors present four case studies: Golden Colorado (a new community); Sunnyvale, California (suburban evolution); Philadelphia (urban transformation); and Marin Solar Village (projected model of sustainability). These studies provide working examples of the integration of &dquo;consumer&dquo; and &dquo;producer&dquo; roles, clusterings of dwellings, highly developed common-use areas and shared facilities and careful integration with the biological processes in a region. They include practical features such as neighborhood stores, local employment, alternative food systems, recycling, nonpolluting human scale energy, and low-impact, energy efficient transportation systems. The case studies are supplemented by commentaries by a number of leading thinkers in this new field.