Software development consists to a large extent of human-based processes with continuously increasing demands regarding interdisciplinary team work. Understanding the dynamics of software teams can be seen as highly important to successful project execution. Hence, for future project managers, knowledge about non-technical processes in teams is significant. In this paper, we present a course unit that provides an environment in which students can learn and experience the role of different communication patterns in distributed agile software development. In particular, students gain awareness about the importance of communication by experiencing the impact of limitations of communication channels and the effects on collaboration and team performance. The course unit presented uses the controlled experiment instrument to provide the basic organization of a small software project carried out in virtual teams. We provide a detailed design of the course unit to allow for implementation in further courses. Furthermore, we provide experiences obtained from implementing this course unit with 16 graduate students. We observed students struggling with technical aspects and team coordination in general, while not realizing the importance of communication channels (or their absence). Furthermore, we could show the students that lacking communication protocols impact team coordination and performance regardless of the communication channels used.


Introduction: Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, most frequent types are those related to farming and bird breeding. In this paper, a patient with occupational exposure to metal dusts and welding fumes but diagnosed with HP thanks to the guidance of detailed anamnesis revealing inhalational exposure to pigeon antigens both at home and in workplace Case: 32-year-old male. He applied with shortness of breath, dry cough. He has been working production of kitchen equipment made from stainless steel. When environmental exposures questioned, he declared that he bred up to ten pigeons at the basement of his house and up to fifteen pigeons at a coop next to workplace building. Spirometry revealed restrictive pattern. In patient's chest X-ray, bilateral increased reticular densities were observed. Computed tomography of thorax revealed radiological findings supporting subacute hypersensitivity pneumonitis such as bilateral diffuse millimetric centrilobular ground-glass nodules which are coalescing in some areas, mosaic perfusion and air trapping in basal areas. Bronchoalveolar lavage cytology revealed percentages of lymphocytes as 85%. Discussion: Detailed anamnesis revealing environmental and occupational inhalational exposures guides the physician in diagnosis of HP. After initial suspicion, supporting laboratory and radiologic findings confirm the diagnosis to provide appropriate management.


The Stereolithography (SL) process has developed into an accurate method of replicating 3D CAD images into tactile objects used for functions such as product evaluation, preproduction testing or as patterns around which tool cavities can be formed. One of the main limitations with the SL process is the surface roughness of parts resulting from the layer manufacturing process. To-date surface roughness has only been reduced using techniques such as additive coating or abrasive finishing. Research has shown however, that these techniques are both detrimental to the accuracy of parts and can prove to increase the cost of SL parts to the end user.

The object of this research is to assess the fundamental cause of surface roughness in layer manufacturing and develop techniques that can be used during the build process to produce SL parts with lower surface deviation. To do this a comparison of the most common commercial RP systems was undertaken to identify the attributes causing surface deviation. From these attributes a mathematical model of layer manufactured surface roughness was developed. Parts manufactured using different SL machines were compared to the mathematical model showing a variety of causes in surface deviation not considered in earlier research, such as layer composition, layer profile and the affects of over curing or print-through on surface deviation. The layer edge profile caused by the shape of the scanning laser also has a significant effect on roughness deviation. However, by using a combination of part orientation and optimal shaped meniscus smoothing, the surface deviation of SL parts was found to be reduced by up to 400% on at least 90- degrees of continuous surfaces. A better understanding of layer manufactured surface roughness has now been achieved and a new smooth build algorithm has been developed.


Both Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) share a common neuropathological marker, the presence of Lewy bodies in brain stem and basal forebrain nuclei. DLB, in addition, is associated with Lewy bodies in the neocortex, and, in it's more common form, with Alzheimer-type pathological markers, particularly amyloid plaques. Published neuropsychological studies have focused on the differential profiles of DLB and Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it is presently unclear whether DLB should be classified as a variant of AD or PD. In the present study we compare a healthy age-matched control group with three groups of patients, one with DLB, and two with PD. One of the PD groups was early in the course (PD-E) and the second, more advanced group (PD-A), was matched on severity of cognitive impairment with the DLB group. The results show that DLB was associated with a different pattern of neuropsychological impairment than the PD-A group, particularly in tests believed to be mediated by prefrontal cortical regions.


Structural changes occurring in the surface layer, up to 10 μm thick, of silumin (Al–17 % Si alloy) in the case of deformation under sliding friction and subsequent oxidation at 100 and 200 C for 1 hour are studied by metallographic analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis and electron microscopy. Frictional deformation was carried out in air at room temperature and in liquid nitrogen (at −196 C). Deformation under these conditions is shown to form a nanocrystalline structure in the surface layer of the Al–17 % Si alloy and to increase its microhardness by a factor of 1.8. In the alloy surface under friction, severe plastic deformation, as well as the high affinity of oxygen to aluminum and silicon, initiates the appearance of anomalously supersaturated solid solutions of oxygen in aluminum and silicon. Oxidation of the deformed Al–17 % Si alloy at 100 C for 1 hour increases its microhardness as a result of the decomposition of anomalously supersaturated solid solutions of oxygen in aluminum and silicon and the formation of their oxides.


In this study, the functionalization of nanofibers by incorporating different particles and additives into the polymeric matrix for developing ultraviolet protective materials was investigated. Titanium dioxide was selected because of its known characteristic of being a widely used material for obtaining ultraviolet protection. Besides, 1,3,7-Trimethyl xanthine, which was used previously in medical applications to decrease the harm of ultraviolet radiation on DNA, was used to see its potential in obtaining ultraviolet protective nanofibers. By using these two different additives in different concentrations, functionalized polyamide 6.6 nanofibers were produced, their ultraviolet protection property and ratings were recorded, and the results were evaluated comparatively. Addition of titanium dioxide in all concentrations significantly improved ultraviolet protection of polyamide 6.6 nanofibers for both UVA- and UVB-type radiations. Moreover, ultraviolet protection factor value of polyamide 6.6 nanofibers was considerably enhanced by incorporation of 1,3,7-Trimethyl xanthine in the concentrations of 15 and 20% w/w of the polymer; which of their protection ratings were defined as "excellent protection" for both.


The axe-carrying bird-men and the remaining iconography of the cross-slab from Papil, West Burra, Shetland, are described and analysed. Special emphasis is placed on examining the Pail bird-men first with Irish and Pictish examples of the Temptation of St Antony and second with detailed descriptions of weapon-carrying bird-men and axe-carrying human figures in Pictish sculpture, concluding that the Papil bird-men belong with the latter. This motif is compared with descriptions of battlefield demons in early Irish literature, namely, Morrigan, Bodb and Macha. The Papil cross-slab is suggested to date to the early 9th century, based on technique and comparative iconographic evidence, and is thus contemporary with related Pictish examples. This motif is shown to represent a common ideal of mythological war-like creatures in Pictish tradition, paralleled by written descriptions of Irish battlefield demons, thus suggesting shared perceptions of similar mythological figures in the Insular world. A further connection between Ireland, Irish ecclesiastical foundations in the Hebrides, Shetland and southern Pictland is also discussed.


This thesis concerns the antibody responses to vaccination and immune function of patients with several forms of haematological diseases. Antibody responses in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and in autologous stem cell transplant recipients were studied. In the autologous stem cell transplantation (aSCT) group, immune reconstitution after aSCT was analysed in detail during 15 months following transplantation. The first part of the thesis concerns patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). Antibody responses to single and booster vaccination with influenza virus vaccine in patients with CLL are described. In these patients, antibody responses to a single vaccination with influenza virus vaccine were severely impaired with only limited improvement after booster vaccination. Next, antibody responses to vaccination with tetanus toxoid (TT) conjugated Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine and a non-conjugated 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in CLL patients with and without ranitidine treatment are presented. In patients treated with ranitidine, post-vaccination anti-Hib and anti-TT antibody titres were higher as in CLL patients without ranitidine treatment. No beneficial effect of ranitidine on anti-pneumococcal antibody titres was found. The second part of the thesis concerns patients who underwent autologous stem cell transplantation (aSCT). The immune response to vaccination and development of immune function after aSCT were studied. Patients were vaccinated with Hib vaccine at 6, 8 and 14 months after aSCT. The vaccination schedule resulted in adequate antibody response rates and functional maturation of anti-Hib antibodies (measured by antibody avidity and phagocytosis of antibody coated Hib bacteria by granulocytes). In order to evaluate the antibody response to vaccination in the context of the cellular immune reconstitution, we determined peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets and function in aSCT patients. Natural killer cells and total number of T lymphocytes normalised early after aSCT, whereas B lymphocytes and subsets of T lymphocytes (especially CD4+ and CD45RA+ cells) remained low during a longer period. We analysed the correlation between lymphocyte subsets and antibody responses and found a relation between CD19+ cell counts and anti-Hib antibody responses. A minimum threshold level of ≥ 0.20x109/L CD19+ cells appears to be required for adequate responses to vaccination. Furthermore, the functional reconstitution of cellular immunity of the patients was assessed by determination of in vitro T-cell proliferation and cytokine production. T-cell proliferation significantly increased from 6 to 15 months after transplantation. Levels of T helper 1 (Th1) cytokines IFN-g and TNF-a were strikingly lower in patients compared to healthy controls, whereas at 15 months post-transplantation, levels of T helper 2 (Th2) cytokines IL-5 and IL-13 were significantly higher in post-transplantation patients compared to controls. The adequate production of Th2 cytokines fits with the observed adequate in vivo antibody responses after vaccination, whereas the subnormal production of Th1 cytokines might contribute to the relatively high occurrence of viral infections after aSCT. Finally, various aspects of infection prevention in patients with CLL and after aSCT in addition to the implications of this research for general practice are discussed.


This research presents the findings of a year long study, undertaken between 2016 and 2017, seeking to understand the degree to which students are influenced to attend culinary school by food medias, social media, and the Food Network. The notion that food medias draw the majority of new cooks to the industry is often present in popular media discourses, although no data exists seeking to understand this relationship. This study reveals that food medias play a secondary or tertiary role in influencing students to register at culinary school, while also showing previously unknown patterns related to culinary students' intention to persist with culinary careers. Nearly 40 percent of this sample do not intend to remain cooking professionally for greater than five years, and about 30 percent are "keeping other doors open" upon entry into culinary school. Although food celebrity certainly plays a role in awareness about culinary careers, intrinsic career aspirations are the most frequently reported motivation.


International human rights law (IHRL) has traditionally only imposed duties on states. But as multinational corporations (MNCs) and other business entities are perceived as increasingly powerful agents in the global economy, and capable of impacting on many of the interests protected by IHRL, scholars as well as practitioners argue that IHRL should be extended to apply to these entities. My argument in this thesis is twofold. Firstly, I make the normative case that calls for business accountability under IHRL misunderstand the particular role of IHRL, taking the point of IHRL as protecting important human interests against anyone who has the capacity to harm these interests. I argue that the role of IHRL is better understood as holding states accountable for the performance of their special institutional duties. If we were to extend international human rights duties to business entities, many of the core principles of IHRL would need to be changed which in turn would undermine the very identity of this body of law – it would no longer fulfil the distinct function of regulating political authority. I argue that it would impoverish our legal vocabulary if we were no longer able to express the distinction between state violations of human rights and harm done by private actors. And secondly, I argue that there are a number of practical challenges to extending IHRL to business entities, and that the implementation mechanisms of IHRL are currently not well-suited to address many of the concerns that give rise to calls for business-human rights-accountability in the first place. I conclude that an extension of IHRL may therefore not be the straightforward and effective solution that it tends to be made out in the current debate and that alternative approaches to business regulation may be preferable.


Abstract The postnatal subventricular zone (SVZ) harbors neural stem cells (NSCs) that exhibit robust neurogenesis. However, the epigenetic mechanisms that maintain NSCs and regulate neurogenesis remain unclear. We report that label-retaining SVZ NSCs express Eed, the core component of Polycomb repressive complex 2. In vivo and in vitro conditional knockout and knockdown show Eed is necessary for maintaining NSC proliferation, neurogenesis and neurosphere formation. We discovered that Eed functions to maintain p21 protein levels in NSCs by repressing Gata6 transcription. Both Gata6 overexpression and p21 knockdown reduced neurogenesis, while Gata6 knockdown or p21 overexpression partially rescued neurogenesis after Eed loss. Furthermore, genetic deletion of Eed impaired injury induced SVZ proliferation and emigration. These data reveal a novel epigenetic regulated pathway and suggest an essential role for Eed in SVZ homeostasis and injury.


Compares slave trading and slavery in the Dutch colonial empire, specifically between the former trading and territorial domains of the West India Company (WIC), the Americas and West Africa, and of the East India Company (VOC), South East Asia, the Indian Ocean region, and South and East Africa. Author presents the latest quantitative assessments concerning the Dutch transatlantic as well as Indian Ocean World slave trade, placing the volume, direction, and characteristics of the forced migration in a historical context. He describes how overall the Dutch were a second-rate player in Atlantic slavery, though in certain periods more important, with according to recent estimates a total of about 554.300 slaves being transported by the Dutch to the Americas. He indicates that while transatlantic slave trade and slavery received much scholarly attention resulting in detailed knowledge, the slave trade and slavery in the Indian Ocean World by the Dutch is comparatively underresearched. Based on demand-side estimates throughout Dutch colonies of the Indonesian archipelago and elsewhere, he deduces that probably close to 500.000 slaves were transported by the Dutch in the Indian Ocean World. In addition, the author points at important differences between the nature and contexts of slavery, as in the VOC domains slavery was mostly of an urban and domestic character, contrary to its production base in the Americas. Slavery further did in the VOC areas not have a rigid racial identification like in WIC areas, with continuing, postslavery effects, and allowed for more flexibility, while unlike the plantation colonies in the Caribbean, as Suriname, not imported slaves but indigenous peoples formed the majority. He also points at relative exceptions, e.g. imported slaves for production use in some VOC territories, as the Banda islands and the Cape colony, and a certain domestic and urban focus of slavery in Curacao.


Ayurveda is the most ancient system of traditional medicine of the world has been practicing in India. It has been facing constant challenges like standardization and pharmacokinetic profile of biomarkers in the Ayurvedic formulations. Due to these challenges there will be a potential decrease in the global herbal market. Presently Indian herbal market is about US $1.1 billion whereas Chinese herbal market is about US $10 billion per annum. Thus there is an urgent need of standardization and pharmacokinetics of the Ayurvedic formulations in order to achieve the uphold position in the global market. Pharmacokinetics which deals with the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of the biomarkers or the new drug entity is the one of the regulatory requirement for an investigational new drug approval. Bioactive guided pharmacokinetic approach method is needed for Ayurvedic system of medicine to determine the pharmacokinetics of relevant markers in the formulation having number of markers. Also non compartmental analysis method should be applied for the analysis of pharmacokinetics of biomarkers from Ayurvedic formulations for successful pharmacokinetic evaluation. In this review we have explored the importance of pharmacokinetics in Ayurvedic system of medicine and integrated approaches for the pharmacokinetics in Ayurvedic system of medicine.


A brief guide to help you locate resources relevant to the study of Alice Walker's "Everyday Use" as well as additional literary works for this course.


Purpose We review outcomes of posterior tracheopexy for tracheomalacia in esophageal atresia (EA) patients, comparing primary treatment at the time of initial EA repair versus secondary treatment. Methods All EA patients who underwent posterior tracheopexy from October 2012 to September 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical symptoms, tracheomalacia scores, and persistent airway intrusion were collected. Indication for posterior tracheopexy was the presence of clinical symptoms, in combination with severe tracheomalacia as identified on bronchoscopic evaluation, typically defined as coaptation in one or more regions of the trachea. Secondary cases were usually those with chronic respiratory symptoms who underwent bronchoscopic evaluation, whereas primary cases were those found to have severe tracheomalacia on routine preoperative dynamic tracheobronchoscopy at the time of initial EA repair. Results A total of 118 patients underwent posterior tracheopexy: 18 (15%) primary versus 100 (85%) secondary cases. Median (interquartile range) age was 2 months (1–4 months) for primary (22% type C) and 18 months (8–40 months) for secondary (87% type C) cases (p < 0.001). There were statistically significant improvements in most clinical symptoms postoperatively for primary and secondary cases, with no significant differences in any postoperative symptoms between the two groups (p > 0.1). Total tracheomalacia scores improved significantly in primary (p = 0.013) and secondary (p < 0.001) cases. Multivariable Cox regression analysis indicated no differences in persistent airway intrusion requiring reoperation between primary and secondary tracheopexy adjusting for imbalances in age and EA type (p = 0.67). Conclusion Posterior tracheopexy is effective in treating severe tracheomalacia with significant improvements in clinical symptoms and degree of airway collapse on bronchoscopy. With no significant differences in outcomes between primary and secondary treatment, posterior tracheopexy should be selectively considered at the time of initial EA repair.


Background: The kidney function is a major determinant of the serum concentration of digoxin as this drug is mainly eliminated unchanged through the kidneys. Since digoxin is widely prescribed among the elderly, and the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) declines with age, it is important that the clinician takes the patient's GFR into account when prescribing digoxin. Serum cystatin C has been suggested to be superior to creatinine for estimation of GFR, which may have relevance for the optimization of treatment with digoxin. Methods: To evaluate which of the two GFR markers serum creatinine and serum cystatin C that best correlates with serum digoxin, we compared the serum levels of digoxin with the serum levels of creatinine and cystatin C in 149 patients on therapeutic drug monitoring of digoxin at our hospital. Results: Overall, there was a stronger correlation between serum digoxin concentrations and cystatin C (p=0.00001) as compared to creatinine (p= 0.00003). Interestingly, of the patients with a serum digoxin concentration 1.5 nmol/L, 29% had a serum creatinine level within normal limits, as compared to 20% with normal cystatin C levels. Conclusions: In this study, serum cystatin C correlated better to serum digoxin than did serum creatinine. With improved GFR monitoring, digoxin concentrations should be better controlled.


The effect of short-term aging on rheological properties of asphalts was studied. In this paper, asphalt was aged by rolling thin film oven, which was carried out for 300 minutes and were analyzed at an interval of 75 minutes. The paper gives a description of the most commonly used conventional tests, such as Penetration and Softening Point, and a more detailed description of the viscoelastic behavior and dynamic testing of asphalts by way of Brookfield viscometer and Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR). It is found that there are a decrease in penetration and an increase in softening point with aging. The viscosity of aged asphalts was observed to increase with time. The DSR results show that short-term aging significantly increases the complex modulus at low temperature, but complex modulus at high temperature was just lightly affected. The four tests results were also incorporated to evaluate the temperature susceptibility and the rheological characteristics of asphalt binders.


Abstract This study originated in reaction to the 2008 introduction in Australia of a nation-wide assessment program in literacy and numeracy (NAPLAN) by the federal government. Assessment is widely regarded to play a key role in establishing and raising standards of learning but with the current political emphasis on using assessment for accountability and to monitor macro educational standards, its formative practice is less noted. Consequently, this mixed methods study was conducted at a primary school in the Northern Territory of Australia using student-directed assessment (SDA) as a learning process by drawing on formative assessment principles, constructivist learning approaches, and self-regulated learning. A simultaneous design was employed in which both qualitative and quantitative data were given equal priority. This study explored how students engage in learning when they are able to identify their own learning goals, determine their assessment criteria; and how they demonstrate their mastery of learning outcomes. This study indicated that when students in the participating year levels (years 2, 4, and 6) are involved in their own assessment and when assessment is central to learning, that deep and meaningful learning experiences occur. Through collaboration with teachers, students displayed behavioral, emotional, and cognitive engagement with their assessment tasks. In the case of the year-6 students, the SDA group who actively planned and took charge of their learning in the assessment process achieved significantly higher scores in their writing sample compared to their peers in the teacher directed assessment group.


The Plata pompano, Trachinotus marginatus (Cuvier, 1832), is an endemic carangid of the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean, occurring from Rio de Janeiro to Uruguay. This study describes the reproductive period, spawning type, the size at first gonadal maturation and the length-weight relationship of individuals sampled from landings of the artisanal and commercial fishing fleets in Rio Grande that operate along the coast of Rio Grande do Sul state, southern Brazil (~ 32oS) to the Uruguayan border (~ 34oS). Monthly collections from September 2008 through January 2010 yielded 274 individuals ranging from 142 to 444 mm in total length (TL). The gonadal development stages were defined according to the histological examination of the ovaries and the testes. The relationship between TL (mm) and total weight TW (g) was statistically different between males (TW = 0.000463*TL2.7655) and females (TW = 0.000361*TL2.8131), showing negative allometric growth for both sexes. The sizes at first maturity were 187.2 mm and 254.9 mm for females and males, respectively. The presence of two modal groups of oocyte diameters suggested that total spawning occurred. The interpretation of the monthly variations of the condition factor and gonadosomatic index, which are associated with higher frequencies of the more advanced stages of gonadal development, identified the spring and summer months as the reproductive period, with a peak in the reproductive activity during November and January. These results suggested that the species has an opportunistic reproductive strategy.


Similar to regions which undergo transformation from developing to developed economy, China has been facing various problems during the rapid urbanization process: loss of agricultural land, threatened food safety, and problems caused by migrant work force. Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) is a possible solution to some of the problems. CSA is a sustainable agriculture model, and emphasizes partnership between farmers and members – citizens who are willing to become part of the farming community. In CSA model, members support the farm through advance payment or working on the farm and they share risks with farmers. In risk sharing, it is crucial to build trust between farmers and members. However, most members do not have enough information to evaluate farmers' trustworthiness as they cannot visit farms frequently. Micro blogging technology offers farmers a new channel to communicate and interact with members. Since micro blogging platform is open, and various mobile devices make micro blogging convenient, farmers can easily keep members updated and address members' problems timely. The embedded social networking feature also enables farmers to facilitate interactions among CSA members. In this study, we investigate how the CSA pioneers in China adopt micro bogging technology to engage their members and develop the CSA community. We analyze micro blog posts of the first CSA farm in China and we share our findings.


Abstract. Debris-covered glacier tongues in the Himalaya play an important role in the high-altitude water cycle. The thickness of the debris layer is a key control of the melt rate of those tongues, yet little is known about the relative importance of the three potential sources of debris supply to those glaciers: the headwalls, the glacier bed or the lateral moraines. In this study we hypothesize that erosion from the lateral moraines is a significant debris supply to the debris-covered tongues, in particular when the tongue is disconnected from the headwall due to glacier downwasting. To test this hypothesis eight high-resolution and highly accurate digital elevation models for the lateral moraines of the debris-covered Lirung glacier in Nepal derived from an unmanned aerial vehicle between May 2013 and April 2018 are used. The analysis shows that the lateral moraines erode at an average rate of 0.31 ± 0.26 m yr−1 during this period driven by different erosion processes. There is also a higher erosion rate observed in the monsoon season (0.42 m yr−1) than in the dry season (0.25 m yr−1). In addition the loose lower parts of the lateral moraines erode at a faster rate during both seasons. These erosion rates translate into an annual increase in debris thickness ranging from 0.17 m yr−1 when the eroded material is distributed over the entire glacier to 0.29 m yr−1 in case the material is deposited in a narrow runout zone. It is concluded that the lateral moraines provide an important source of surface debris for glaciers in an advanced state of mass loss, and the source needs to be incorporated into models of glacier evolution. Further research should focus on how large this negative feedback is in controlling the melt of the tongues and a better understanding of the redistribution of debris on the tongue is therefore required.


This paper develops a multiperiod principal‐agent model in which a manager must be given incentives to undertake investments and to exert personally costly effort. Investments are "soft" (e.g., intangible assets) and therefore entail measurement errors for the accounting system as it seeks to separate investments from operating expenditures. This separation is of no concern to the stock market, which draws on its own information about future cash flows resulting from current investments. The firm's stock price, however, reflects all value‐relevant information, parts of which are not incentive relevant. Optimal incentive provisions must combine "forward‐looking" market information with "backward‐looking" accounting information. Under certain conditions, optimal performance measures can be expressed as a weighted average of economic value added (residual income) and market value added.


BACKGROUND
The creation of a network to treat patients with acute coronary syndrome with revascularization devices presents a series of critical issues, one of which is the transfer of this type of patients from a spoke to a hub hospital with angioplasty facilities. We investigated the means of transport and the adverse events that could occur during such transfers.

METHODS
We analyzed data relating to patients moved from our spoke hospital to hubs over a period of 2 years, utilizing medical records and transport reports.

RESULTS
During this period, 531 patients aged 30-91 years were moved; complete clinical data and transfer reports were available for 495 (93%). There were 42 patients with a diagnosis of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) <24 h; 115 with STEMI >24 h; 33 with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) <24 h; 156 with NSTEMI >24 h; 122 with unstable angina; and 27 with other diseases. Of these patients, 157 had angina in the 24 h before the transfer; 24 had signs of hemodynamic instability; and 18 had electrical instability, for a total of 166 "unstable patients"; 294 patients (59%) were moved in a medically equipped ambulance with a cardiologist and a professional nurse on board. There were three adverse events (< 1%) but no deaths: one cardiac arrest, one acute pulmonary edema, and one relapse of myocardial infarction. All 3 patients showed signs of clinical and hemodynamic instability at the time of transfer.

CONCLUSIONS
The transfer from spoke to hub of patients with acute coronary syndrome who need coronary angiography can be done easily and safely, with a low incidence of adverse events, which are correlated with preexisting clinical and hemodynamic instability.


Social interaction plays an important role in the development and treatment of depressive symptoms. By zooming in on daily life, we can identify incremental building blocks that contribute to the development of depression. This dissertation examined the interaction between genetic vulnerability and social stress sensitivity in the development of depressive symptoms. It also examined the link between loneliness and other social experiences that may contribute to an increase in depressive symptoms. Finally, we identified differences in stress sensitivity among people whose depressive symptoms were and were not in remission after treatment.


Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy (MNTI) is a rare benign tumor. Here, we report the diagnosis and treatment of 1 case of MNTI in the maxilla and discuss its clinical and pathological features, imaging features, treatment, and prognosis.


We present an efficient method for obtaining the effective single-particle potential for electrons within density functional theory (DFT). In contrast to the independent atom model (IAM) often used to interpret microscopy experiments, our method includes the contributions from charge redistribution and exchange-correlation interactions in a realistic system. The method allows calculation of the effective potential through the widely used pseudopotential formalism instead of the costly all-electron calculations. A transferable and spin-independent core potential for each element is calculated once and for all. The nonlinear exchange-correlation interaction is treated explicitly. This scheme can be readily implemented in pseudopotential DFT codes. We demonstrate the usefulness of our method by calculating the scattering potential and simulating images of nitrogen point defects in graphene for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results are in good agreement with experiments.


This study presents a robust fuzzy-neural-network (RFNN) control system for a linear ceramic motor (LCM) that is driven by an unipolar switching full-bridge voltage source inverter using LC resonant technique. The structure and operating principle of the LCM are introduced. Since the dynamic characteristics and motor parameters of the LCM are nonlinear and time varying, a RFNN control system is designed based on the hypothetical dynamic model to achieve high-precision position control via the backstepping design technique. In the RFNN control system a fuzzy neural network (FNN) controller is used to learn an ideal feedback linearization control law, and a robust controller is designed to compensate the shortcoming of the FNN controller. All adaptive learning algorithms in the RFNN control system are derived from the sense of Lyapunov stability analysis, so that system-tracking stability can be guaranteed in the closed-loop system. The effectiveness of the proposed RFNN control system is verified by experimental results in the presence of uncertainties. In addition, the advantages of the proposed control system are indicated in comparison with the traditional integral-proportional (IP) position control system.


We present a theoretical model for the effect of water hydrogen bonding on the thermodynamics of hydrophobic hydration. The model is based on a combination of the classical density functional theory with the recently developed probabilistic approach to water hydrogen bonding near a hydrophobic surface. This combination allows one to determine the distribution of water molecules in the vicinity of a hydrophobic particle and calculate the thermodynamic quantities of hydrophobic hydration as well as their temperature dependence. The probabilistic approach allows one to implement the effect of the hydrogen bonding ability of water molecules on their interaction with the hydrophobic surface into the formalism of density functional theory. This effect arises because the number and energy of hydrogen bonds that a water molecule forms near a hydrophobic surface differ from their bulk values. Such alteration gives rise to a hydrogen bond contribution to the external potential field whereto a water molecule is subjected in that vicinity. This contribution is shown to play a dominant role in the interaction of a water molecule with the surface. Our approach predicts that in the temperature range from 293 to 333 K: (a) the free energy of hydration of a planar hydrophobic surface in a model liquid water increases with increasing temperature (although its ratio to the temperature decreases); (b) the hydration process is unfavorable both enthalpically and entropically; (c) the entropic contribution to the hydration free energy is much smaller than the enthalpic one and decreases with increasing temperature, potentially becoming negative. The latter is indirectly supported by the experimental observation that under some conditions the hydration of a molecular hydrophobe is entropically favorable as well as by the molecular dynamics simulations predicting positive hydration entropy for sufficiently large hydrophobes.


Due to the increasing interest in studies of apoptosis (programmed cell death) in the pathogenesis of many diseases and to the emergence of data on the direct impact of apoptotic disorders on the course of bronchial asthma and the magnitude of the obstructive syndrome, this study was undertaken to investigate apoptosis in patients with new-onset pulmonary tuberculosis who had varying bronchial obstructive syndrome. Twenty-eight patients with new-onset tuberculosis, including 25 (89.3%), 2(7.1%), 1(3.6%) patients with infiltrative, disseminated, and fibrocavernous pulmonary tuberculosis, respectively, were examined. The study of external respiratory function included spirometry, determination of the flow-volume of forced expiration, body plethysmography, examination of lung elasticity by esophageal probing. The mechanisms of spontaneous apoptosis of peripheral lymphocytes from donors and patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were studied. The apoptosis was evaluated in dynamics by some parameters: the change of the mitochondrial potential (MP), the level of phosphatidyl serine, as well as DNA fragmentation by flow cytofluorometry. The results have indicated that there are significant signs of impaired peripheral lymphocytic apoptosis. Examining external respiratory function indicated that the bronchial obstruction syndrome was mild in 7 (25%) patients, moderate in 11 (39.3%), and severe in 5 (17.9%), absent in 5 (17.9%). Mild restrictive disorders were detected in 11 (39.3%) patients. The factor associating the degree of obstruction, with the count of MC540(+)- and MC540-DiOC6(+)-lymphocytes, i.e., with the count of lymphocytes with cellular membranous changes and with the decreased MP, which are one of the most significant signs of apoptosis. Thus, there is a negative correlation of the parameters of apoptosis of peripheral lymphocytes from patients with tuberculosis with those of ventilation obstruction disorders, which suggests that impaired apoptosis might be involved in the development of bronchial obstruction.


Objective To assess and summarise the economic evidence regarding diagnostic tests, treatment and prevention for lateral ankle sprains. Methods Potential studies were identified from electronic databases and trial registries and by scanning reference lists. Risk of bias and methodological quality were evaluated. Two independent reviewers screened, assessed studies and extracted data. Data were synthesised descriptively due to study heterogeneity. Results A total of 230 records were identified; 10 studies were included. Five studies conducted a full economic evaluation and five studies involved cost analyses. Lack of blinding was the main risk of bias. The methodological quality of the full economic evaluations was fairly good. Valuation of costs, measurement of outcomes and sensitivity analysis were points for improvement. Single studies showed that the Ottawa ankle rules (OAR) was cost effective for diagnosing lateral ankle sprains in the emergency setting compared with existing hospital protocols; acute treatment with anti-inflammatory medication and the plaster cast for severe sprains appeared cost effective; and neuromuscular training was cost effective in preventing ankle re-injury. Conclusions Results of this current systematic review supplements the evidence provided by reviews of effectiveness. There is evidence to support the implementation of OAR in the emergency setting, the use of anti-inflammatory medication and the plaster cast in the acute phase, and the prescription of neuromuscular exercises to prevent re-injury. Although the evidence is limited due to the low number of studies, shortcomings in methodological quality and small sample sizes, the findings may be used to inform clinical practice and practice guidelines.


Policymakers and school administrators have embraced value-added models of teacher effectiveness as tools for educational improvement. Teacher value-added estimates may be viewed as complicated scores of a certain kind. This suggests using a test validation model to examine their reliability and validity. Validation begins with an interpretive argument for inferences or actions based on value-added scores. That argument addresses (a) the meaning of the scores themselves — whether they measure the intended construct; (b) their generalizability — whether the results are stable from year to year or using different student tests, for example; and (c) the relation of value-added scores to broader notions of teacher effectiveness — whether teachers' effectiveness in raising test scores can serve as a proxy for other aspects of teaching quality. Next, the interpretive argument directs attention to rationales for the expected benefits of particular value-added score uses or interpretations, as well as plausible unintended consequences. This kind of systematic analysis raises serious questions about some popular policy prescriptions based on teacher value-added scores.


Taking action cinema as an example, this paper outlines a historical approach to the transnational study of globally popular cultural forms. Action cinema has long had a complex economy in which Hollywood not only trades stars, styles and narratives with the hybrid culture of Hong Kong cinema itself, but draws on a vast 'direct to tape' industry significantly based in East Asia. The paper outlines a Hong Kong‐based approach to two earlier phases in the history of action: the 'international co‐production' as an industrially innovative form (1973–85), and the golden age of the 'direct to tape' industry enabled by the rapid spread of video technology (1985–93). Focusing on the latter, it suggests that the global uptake by filmmakers of a 'contact' narrative and an ethic of emulation taken from Hong Kong cinema allowed direct‐to‐video action to address issues of social class in emotionally complex ways.


Southern Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA) are rated among the nation's leaders in population growth in recent decades. Growth and rankings of MSAs are examined using Pannell's (1974) method. A linear rank-size pattern of cities is revealed, with centers of greatest population growing larger while smaller centers follow with proportionally smaller population changes. A regression model provided some support for the contention that city sizes affect city growth rates. Additional factors in southern metropolitan growth and decline were considered. Introduction of a labor cost factor into the regression model provided moderate support in accounting for variation in MSA growth rates. Several MSAs grew at rates predicted by the regression model while others performed differently than expected. Explanations for variations are presented for selected MSAs.


The quality of life in residential high-rise buildings is an understudied area which is important due to the large proportion of the population inhabiting them. The approaches that link sustainability with the quality of life in residential high-rises is also scarce in the literature despite the fact that implementing sustainability in high-rises is one of the ways to enhance the sustainability of our society by affecting huge structures and a large number of people. This study investigates what sustainable design responses are linked to higher quality of life in residential high-rises. The methodology of the research is relying on 12 interviews with prominent architects of high-rise buildings, carried out in January-June 2016. The architects are chosen according to their experience with sustainable high-rise buildings. The interview is based on an interview protocol with four important questions, dissecting the approaches to social and environmental sustainability. The architects provide a significant insight into the difficult relationship between sustainability and quality of life. They support the implementation of current advances in materials, building systems and amenities for more social interactions and avoidance of weaknesses such as small units, cheap materials and lack of identity. The implications from this study are that design professionals and the public can use this insight for leading the design of residential high-rises into the right direction. The article arguably claims that social and environmental sustainability is achievable by certain design responses such as attention to the public area in the buildings, proper sun and wind orientation and high-efficient skin.


In this paper, we establish upper and lower bounds for some statistical estimation problems through concise information-theoretic arguments. Our upper bound analysis is based on a simple yet general inequality which we call the information exponential inequality. We show that this inequality naturally leads to a general randomized estimation method, for which performance upper bounds can be obtained. The lower bounds, applicable for all statistical estimators, are obtained by original applications of some well known information-theoretic inequalities, and approximately match the obtained upper bounds for various important problems. Moreover, our framework can be regarded as a natural generalization of the standard minimax framework, in that we allow the performance of the estimator to vary for different possible underlying distributions according to a predefined prior


In this paper, I will first try to provide a new argument in favour of the contextualist position on the semantics/pragmatics divide. I will argue that many puns, notably multi-stable ones, cannot be dealt with in the non-contextualist way, i.e., as displaying a phenomenon that effectively involves wide context, the concrete situation of discourse, yet only in a pre-, or at least inter-, semantic sense. For, insofar as they involve ambiguous utterances rather than ambiguous sentences, these puns show that the wide context affecting them has a semantic role: it provides many truth-conditions for a single utterance. Moreover, I will try to show that the contextualist can provide a unitary account of the general phenomenon of puns. On the one hand, this account explains multi-stable puns as well as those puns the non-contextualist claims to deal with successfully, i.e., the ones involving a speaker-induced removal of a well-grounded misunderstanding. On the other hand, it also explains zeugmatic puns, i.e., those involving an 'impossible' meaning.


In this paper we present 3D atmospheric simulations of the hot Jupiter HD 189733b under two different scenarios: local chemical equilibrium and including advection of the chemistry by the resolved wind. Our model consistently couples the treatment of dynamics, radiative transfer, and chemistry, completing the feedback cycle between these three important processes. The effect of wind-driven advection on the chemical composition is qualitatively similar to our previous results for the warmer atmosphere of HD 209458b, found using the same model. However, we find more significant alterations to both the thermal and dynamical structure for the cooler atmosphere of HD 189733b, with changes in both the temperature and wind velocities reaching ∼10%. We also present the contribution function, diagnosed from our simulations, and show that wind-driven chemistry has a significant impact on its 3D structure, particularly for regions where methane is an important absorber. Finally, we present emission phase curves from our simulations and show the significant effect of wind-driven chemistry on the thermal emission, particularly within the 3.6 μm Spitzer/IRAC channel.


An enormous amount of research has yielded considerable information about intestinal obstruction and has resulted in the modification of previous concepts. Admitting that progress has been made, it is evident from a perusal of recent figures on mortality that much remains to be learned. Christopher, 1 Miller 2 and others have recently reported mortality rates varying between 40 and 60 per cent. When a disease carries such a mortality, no apology need be made for presenting further experimental studies. The fact that over 5,000 articles dealing with intestinal obstruction are on file in the library of the Surgeon General is an indication of the interest of physicians in this disease and an admission that their knowledge of the subject is far from complete. It is evident that when complete knowledge of the physiologic changes that occur in intestinal obstruction is acquired, physicians will be better equipped to cope with the


A new algorithm is proposed to determine the through-thickness residual stress gradient by X-ray Diffraction measurements on progressively thinned components. The procedure is based on a chemical or electrochemical attack of the component surface, which is then measured at each thinning stage. The simple algorithm provided for by a specific norm has been revised to take into account the X-ray absorption effects and the conditions of mechanical equilibrium of the component. The new procedure is illustrated for a typical case of study concerning a shot-peened metal component.


Age-related disorders of the central nervous system such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and retinal degenerations are debilitating conditions that pose major health, economic and social problems. Current treatments for these conditions have failed to provide fully effective treatments for the condition.
Detrimental oxidative changes that are associated with metabolic activities affect the brain and cognitive function over time and tend to lead to the onset of dementia and several other neurodegenerative diseases. Over the past decade, extensive epidemiological studies have shown significant associations of regular phytochemical consumption of fruits, vegetables, tea leaves with health improvements as well as reduced risk for cardiovascular disease, stroke, diabetes, some cancers, and neurodegenerative diseases.
In this review, evidence is presented to show that increased levels of oxidative stress leads to the aging and neurodegenerative process, and dietary saffron, a potent antioxidant, could be beneficial to combat the debilitating disorders of the central nervous system. Beneficial actions of antioxidant saffron include anti-carcinogenic, anti-depressant, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive, anti-diabetic and anxiolytic effects; and these beneficial effects have been demonstrated to contribute to improvements in cellular integrity and function in animal and human studies. However, the mechanism of action of saffron is yet to be completely understood and this needs to be further explored.


The purposes of the study were to study the opinions on learning English from online sources, and to improve learning methods for English through the use of the internet, to create a guideline for policy development. The research sample, selected by volunteer sampling technique, comprised of 7 internship students English education major, Faculty of Education, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University. They were selected regarding their status as five-year curriculum student teachers with the knowledge of five year curriculum and their maturity. The data collection used a semi-structured interview which cover four main questions: First, have you ever used online courses to learn English?. Second, what level would you place your ability to use English for communication?. Third, does the online course help develop your skills? (listening, speaking, reading and writing skills) and fourth, does the online course help improve school evaluations? and how? It was found that online education can be beneficial to everyone. It helps students learn independently because student can learn anywhere and anytime they want, without having a need to be in a traditional classroom. With this, guidelines to create policies for online education can be made. Online courses can be made into supplements to traditional courses and can also help those in inconvenient situations learn without having to enter a traditional class.


: The electrophysiological properties of cardiac muscle of rhesus (Macaca mulatta) by use of intracellular electrode technique has been described in this paper. Thirty papillary muscle from 8 rhesus were used for this research and 68 successful records had been obtained. The value of resting potential is -86.26 +/- 7.57 mV (M +/- SD). The configuration of the action potential is typical for the ventricular muscle of mammalian. The amplitude of action potential is 118.80 +/- 10.69 mV: over-shoot is 25.57 +/- 6.11mV. The APD20, APD50, APD80, APD100 is 184.33 +/- 64.04, 301.02 +/- 95.32, 382.17 +/- 125.81 and 436.33 +/- 122.39 ms, respectively. The maximum depolarization velocity of 0 phase is 101.20 +/- 17.59 V/s. The effective refractory period is 292.69 +/- 93.91ms. Comparing the results of the rhesus cardiac muscle with that of other mammalians, authors found that they were very similar. It is suggested that the results and analysis of its mechanism derived from investigation of other mammalian cardiac tissues are applicable to the human.


This dissertation examines nontraditional online students' perceptions of Tinto's four student success conditions: expectations, support, assessment, and engagement. Expectations include those of the student, the faculty and the institution. Support includes academic, social, and financial support. Providing early and meaningful assessment and feedback to students is crucial during their educational career. The fourth success condition in Tinto's model includes the involvement or engagement of students with their peers (and faculty) in both an academic and social contexts. Nontraditional student perceptions of each of these institutional conditions of success was uncovered through demographic survey, interviews, syllabi and website artifacts. This qualitative study provided a rich, detailed description of the lived experience of the nontraditional online student to add to the paucity of research on this understudied population. The three main themes emerged from the data: (a) nontraditional students identified in an asynchronous environment did not find the success conditions to be consistently present and reported that they would have benefitted from them if they had existed both academically and socially; (b) nontraditional students identified key elements for success, which included flexibility in their schedule and the opportunity to receive a degree from a reputable institution that would lead to career enhancement; (c) students reported developing a strong, positive academic relationship with their advisor. The advisor served as a substitute for faculty-student relationships and was the primary role for providing academic, social and financial support.


Stark broadening of Zeeman absorption lines caused by inhomogeneous electric fields in highly compensated Ge has been studied by means of far-infrared magneto-optical absorption spectroscopy measurements. A number of transmutation-doped Ge single crystals with a systematically varying compensation ratio were employed. The broadening of the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of an absorption line of the Ga acceptor is studied as a function of excitation light intensity with above-band-gap energy. The FWHM increases with decreasing intensity of the band-edge light excitation. Observation of the theoretically predicted 4/3-power law of Stark broadening, due to ionized impurities, is reported. The line broadening originates in the Stark effect, due to inhomogeneous electric fields caused by the random distribution of ionized impurities. In order to understand the mechanism for the line broadening in detail, a numerical approach based on a Monte Carlo simulation has been performed. The results of this simulation show that the inhomogeneity of the field distribution becomes larger with increasing concentration of ionized impurities. The simulation based on a perfectly random distribution for an initial impurity arrangement gives a fairly good agreement with the experimental results. We conclude that the distribution of impurities in transmutation-doped Ge samples is close to random. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.


The comparison of the chromosome numbers of today's species with common reconstructed paleo-ancestors has led to intense speculation of how chromosomes have been rearranged over time in mammals. However, similar studies in plants with respect to genome evolution as well as molecular mechanisms leading to mosaic synteny blocks have been lacking due to relevant examples of evolutionary zooms from genomic sequences. Such studies require genomes of species that belong to the same family but are diverged to fall into different subfamilies. Our most important crops belong to the family of the grasses, where a number of genomes have now been sequenced. Based on detailed paleogenomics, using inference from n = 5-12 grass ancestral karyotypes (AGKs) in terms of gene content and order, we delineated sequence intervals comprising a complete set of junction break points of orthologous regions from rice, maize, sorghum, and Brachypodium genomes, representing three different subfamilies and different polyploidization events. By focusing on these sequence intervals, we could show that the chromosome number variation/reduction from the n = 12 common paleo-ancestor was driven by nonrandom centric double-strand break repair events. It appeared that the centromeric/telomeric illegitimate recombination between nonhomologous chromosomes led to nested chromosome fusions (NCFs) and synteny break points (SBPs). When intervals comprising NCFs were compared in their structure, we concluded that SBPs (1) were meiotic recombination hotspots, (2) corresponded to high sequence turnover loci through repeat invasion, and (3) might be considered as hotspots of evolutionary novelty that could act as a reservoir for producing adaptive phenotypes.


In this thesis the basic grammatical structure of normal speech style of the Western Australian language Ngarla is described using example sentences taken from the Ngarla – English Dictionary (by Geytenbeek; unpublished). No previous description of the language exists, and since there are only five people who still speak it, it is of utmost importance that it is investigated and described. The analysis in this thesis has been made by Torbjorn Westerlund, and the focus lies on the morphology of the nominal word class. The preliminary results show that the language shares many grammatical traits with other Australian languages, e.g. the ergative/absolutive case marking pattern. The language also appears to have an extensive verbal inflectional system, and many verbalisers.


What is the role of legal ambiguity in the creation and institutionalization of private property regimes? In what ways does the (ab)use of legal ambiguities affect market-making processes? I address these questions through a detailed analysis of two large-scale urban renewal projects in Istanbul that impose a formal private property regime on informal settlements. My research reveals that without the strategic utilization of legal ambiguities and administrative arbitrariness by public and private actors, private property cannot be easily created and hence capitalist markets cannot function efficiently. My findings challenge the assumptions of several social science traditions such as neoclassical and neoinstitutionalist economics, as well as most works within the law and economics tradition regarding the relationship between law, property and economic development. These approaches to economic development are underpinned by the legal certainty that private property entails as the most important element for an efficient economic order. However, in their unconditional support for private ownership, they fail to realize the degree of legal ambiguity and administrative arbitrariness needed to create the private property regime in the first place. As such their arguments remain theoretically and empirically incomplete. A more complete analysis of the relationship between law and economic dynamics must focus on how private property is constructed, and the extent to which legal ambiguities and loopholes are utilized in this process.


For myself, as a beginning printmaker, It has been Important to establish a workable concept of the role of technique and Idea as they relate to my own work. The thesis work presented here Is based on the concept that It Is Idea which leads the way with technique rising to the Idea. The contention here is that as the artist develops keener Insight and perception In terms of idea, his technical skills will grow to the point of allowing him to express his Ideas. This Is In opposition to the concept of developing many and varying technical skills and then seeking out Ideas which conform to them. There Is, of course, no strict separation of technique and Idea since one cannot exist without the other. The symbiotic relationship between these two aspects of creativity broadens the artist's possibilities for expression. However, the experiences encountered In my own work have led to the belief that It Is the Idea which Is to be expressed that must receive the first consideration. For this work, My approach has been to use a variety of Ideas, allowing the technique to provide a common bond between . Each piece has begun with a general Idea or theme which has been al lowed to crystallize as the work developed. For myself It seems to be more comfortable to work from the general to the specific rather than to Impose strict I Imitations early In the piece. In terms of technique, the basic structure of the prints was established with the use of etched line with the values added by whatever means seemed most desirable. In support of this contention, the work presented here reflects what feel Is a growth in Ideas and an Increasing awareness of those themes and Ideas my own nature dictates as being significant enough to express.


The main argument of this overview article is that the Bantu languages of South Africa should have a far more significant role in education. We contend that the strong preference for English as medium of instruction among black learners is largely responsible for their inadequate educational performance, particularly since most of these learners do not have the required skills in English. This is particularly the case in rural and township schools and in what we term 'lower ex-model C schools', given the socio-economic realities of the communities in which these schools are located. Were the Bantu languages used for learning and teaching purposes in an effective way, we suggest the educational outcomes of black learners would be significantly better. We accept, of course, that schools, especially secondary schools, cannot immediately implement a policy of using the Bantu languages as media of instruction. Several research and development challenges need to be addressed for this to happen. These include: transforming the socio-political meanings attached to these languages; their further corpus development as well as their status, prestige, acquisition and usage development; the development and implementation of language-in-education policies which address the basic educational and sociolinguistic realities; and the effective distribution of information to school governing bodies about the issues relevant to the selection of a medium of instruction. In our view, South Africa will not become a developed, effectively multilingual and nationally integrated country if linguistic equity and parity of esteem are not established in a meaningful way for all official languages, which includes provision for their use as media of instruction throughout.


We present a method for the recognition of walking people in monocular image sequences based on the extraction of coordinates of specific point locations on the body. The method works by a comparison of sequences of recorded coordinates with a library of sequences from different individuals. The comparison is based on the evaluation of view invariant and calibration independent view consistency constraints. These constraints are functions of corresponding image coordinates in two views and are satisfied whenever the two views are projected from the same three-dimensional (3D) object. By evaluating the view consistency constraints for each pair of frames in a sequence of a walking person and a stored sequence, we obtain a matrix of consistency values that ideally are zero whenever the pair of images depict the same 3D posture. The method is virtually parameter free and computes a consistency residual between a pair of sequences that can be used as a distance for clustering and classification. Using interac...


ABSTRACT All Haemophilus ducreyi strains examined contain a lipooligosaccharide (LOS) consisting of a single but variable branch oligosaccharide that emanates off the first heptose (Hep-I) of a conserved Hep3-phosphorylated 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid-lipid A core. In a previous report, identification of tandem genes, lbgA and lbgB, that are involved in LOS biosynthesis was described (Stevens et al., Infect. Immun. 65:651-660, 1997). In a separate study, the same gene cluster was identified and the lbgB (losB) gene was found to be required for transfer of the second sugar, d-glycero-d-manno-heptose (dd-Hep), of the major branch structure (Gibson et al., J. Bacteriol. 179:5062-5071, 1997). In this study, we identified the function of the neighboring upstream gene, lbgA, and found that it is necessary for addition of the third sugar in the dominant oligosaccharide branch, a galactose-linked β1→4, to the dd-Hep. LOS from an lbgA mutant and an lbgAB double mutant were isolated and were characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, carbohydrate analysis, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The results showed that the mutant strains synthesize truncated LOS glycoforms that terminate after addition of the first glucose (lbgAB) or the disaccharide dd-Hepα1→6Glcβ1 (lbgA) that is attached to the heptose core. Both mutants show a significant reduction in the ability to adhere to human keratinocytes. Although minor differences were observed after two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of total proteins from the wild-type and mutant strains, the expression levels of the vast majority of proteins were unchanged, suggesting that the differences in adherence and invasion are due to differences in LOS. These studies add to the mounting evidence for a role of full-length LOS structures in the pathophysiology of H. ducreyi infection.


Case: A 58 year-old woman presented with fever, and right flank pain for two days. In addition, gross hematuria was noted this morning. The patient had a history of diabetes mellitus. On arrival, her vital signs were temperature of 39°C, pulse rate of 127/min, respiratory rate of 24/min, and blood pressure of 96/65 mm Hg. Physical examinations only disclosed mild right flank knocking tenderness. Laboratory examinations were as follows: white cell count 22,300/mm3 with predominance of neutrophils (97%), platelet 30,000/mm3 , C-reactive protein of 269 mg/L (reference value, less than 3 mg/L). Urinary analysis showed both of white blood cells and red blood cells greater than 100/high power field. Radiography of the abdomen revealed air within right ureter and in the right kidney area (Figure 1).
Computed tomography of the abdomen disclosed emphysematous pyelonephritis with concomitant emphysematous ureteritis and a ureteral stone (Figure 2). Therefore, the patient received antibiotic with flomoxef for severe urosepsis and emergent placement of a percutaneous nephrostomy. Three days later, all of her blood cultures, and pus collected from the drain grew Escherichia coli. Thereafter, the clinical condition became stable and she was discharged two weeks later. Emphysematous urinary tract infection is a necrotizing infection, which is characterized by the accumulations of air in the renal parenchyma, collecting system or urinary bladder.
E. coli and Klebisella pneumoniae are the most common pathogens, and diabetes mellitus is major risk factor. The mortality may be up to 18-40%, and prompt management including systemic antibiotics and immediate drainage or surgical intervention, are essential for life-saving [1]. Image study such as a simple KUB or CT can be helpful for diagnosis.


The purpose of this paper is to describe a processing system on multi-view registration minimizing error propagation for 3D geometry modelling.In the geometry modelling stage, the algorithm based on graph and metaview method is used . In order to enhance its robustness, a method for judging bad pairwise registration is proposed based on the computation of two views' overlapping percentage. In order to enrich its completeness, combined the graph analysis with the metaview method is used to deal with the measurement data for local details. Results show that the processing system can provide 3D geometry model with low distortion successfully.


In this article, we analyze the experience and performance of MDIs in their primary local service areas in recent periods, including before, during, and after the 2008 financial crisis. We provide a review of the sector, highlighting key policies and initiatives pertaining to and affecting these institutions, and provide a brief review of previous research. We document trends in the sector, including: 1) the characteristics of the locations where MDIs tend to do business; 2) the changing landscape of MDIs in terms of openings, closings, and mergers by ethnic ownership; and 3) the performance of MDIs as measured by selected financial ratios, including loan quality, operating income, and funding sources. We present these trends over time, comparing MDIs with nonminority-owned (non-MDI) community banks.


This paper investigates how the transmission of monetary policy to the real economy depends on the distribution of household debt. Using an original loan‑level dataset covering the universe of UK mortgages, we assess the effect of monetary shocks on aggregate consumption by exploiting time variation in a measure of the proportion of households close to their borrowing constraint. We find that monetary policy is most potent when there is a large share of constrained households. In contrast, we find no evidence that the average level of borrowing relative‑to‑income of the household sector affects the transmission of monetary policy.


In applications such as biological, social, and transportation networks, interactions between objects span multiple aspects. For accurately modeling such applications, multilayer networks have been proposed. Community search allows for personalized community discovery and has a wide range of applications in large real-world networks. While community search has been widely explored for single-layer graphs, the problem for multilayer graphs has just recently attracted attention. Existing community models in multilayer graphs have several limitations, including disconnectivity, free-rider effect, resolution limits, and inefficiency. To address these limitations, we study the problem of community search over large multilayer graphs. We first introduce
 FirmTruss
 , a novel dense structure in multilayer networks, which extends the notion of truss to multilayer graphs. We show that FirmTrusses possess nice structural and computational properties and bring many advantages compared to the existing models. Building on this, we present a new community model based on FirmTruss, called
 FTCS
 , and show that finding an FTCS community is NP-hard. We propose two efficient 2-approximation algorithms, and show that no polynomial-time algorithm can have a better approximation guarantee unless P = NP. We propose an index-based method to further improve the efficiency of the algorithms. We then consider attributed multilayer networks and propose a new community model based on network homophily. We show that community search in attributed multilayer graphs is NP-hard and present an effective and efficient approximation algorithm. Experimental studies on real-world graphs with ground-truth communities validate the quality of the solutions we obtain and the efficiency of the proposed algorithms.


We evaluate the packet delivery performance of low-complex cooperative relaying in car-to-car communications by real-world measurements. The ratio and temporal correlation of packet delivery are evaluated for suburban and highway environments using three cars equipped with programmable radios and serving as sender, relay, and destination. We compare the relaying performance to that of pure time diversity and show how temporal autocorrelation of packet delivery is a key factor in whether or not relaying exhibits benefits. Results are relevant in the design of relay selection protocols, as they give guidelines for the affordable selection delay.


The β-diketiminato magnesium alkyl complex [LMgnBu] (L=CH{CMe(NDipp)}(2), Dipp=diisopropylphenyl) is shown to be a highly effective precatalyst for the hydroboration of alkyl and aryl substituted aldimines and ketimines with pinacol borane (HBpin). Catalysis is proposed to occur through a sequence of Mg-N/B-H metathesis and rate-determining Mg-H/N=C insertion steps, a proposal strongly supported by stoichiometric studies and kinetic analysis. The reactions are observed to proceed through the intermediacy of well-defined magnesium amides, two examples of which have been isolated and structurally characterized. Mechanistic investigations suggest that the catalytic rate-determining process occurs at an isolated magnesium center and requires the presence of two molecules of the imine substrate for effective turnover. This latter observation is rationalized as a requirement for the secondary substrate molecule to displace HBpin from the coordination sphere of the catalytic magnesium center.


It has been suggested that one of the most significant reasons for multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) network deployment is network traffic engineering. The goal of traffic engineering is to make the best use of the network infrastructure, and this is facilitates by the explicit routing feature of MPLS, which allows many of the shortcomings associated with current IP routing schemes to be addressed. This article describes a software system called Routing and Traffic Engineering Server (RATES) developed for MPLS traffic engineering. It also describes some new routing ideas incorporated in RATES for MPLS explicit path selection. The RATES implementation consists of a policy and flow database, a browser-based interface for policy definition and entering resource provisioning requests, and a Common Open Policy Service protocol server-client implementation for communicating paths and resource information to edge routers. RATES also uses the OSPF topology database for dynamically obtaining link state information. RATES can set up bandwidth-guaranteed label-switched (LSPs) between specified ingress-egress pairs. The path selection for LSPs is on a new minimum-interference routing algorithm aimed at making the best use of network infrastructure in an online environment where LSP requests arrive one by one with no a priori information about future requests. Although developed for an MPLS application, the RATES implementation has many similarities in components to an intradomain differentiated services bandwidth broker.


An efficient carbonylative cross-coupling of aryl diazonium salts with terminal alkynes using formic acid as the CO source has been developed. Various useful alkynones were produced in moderate to good yields. Notably, 1,3-butadiene was found to play a crucial role in this transformation.


A gas sampling valve of the inertia-operated type was designed for procuring samples of the gases in the combustion chamber of internal combustion engines at identical points in successive cycles so that the analysis of the gas samples thus procured may aid in the study of the process of combustion. The operation of the valve is described. The valve was used to investigate the CO2 content of gases taken from the quiescent combustion chamber of a high speed compression-ignition engine when operating with two different multiple-orifice fuel injection nozzles. An analysis of the gas samples thus obtained shows that the state of quiescence in the combustion chamber is maintained during the combustion of the fuel.


Occupational stress has been a topic of significant research for the last two decades, reflecting the detrimental effects of employees. In particular, teacher stress is borne out of the demands on the individual teacher. Strong evidence suggests that many substitute teacher costs are a direct result of teacher stress. The costs associated with this stressful occupation can be high in phsycial, economical, and academic terms. Human Resource Managers can detect the early stages of stress and advocate organizational stress management programs. Research on the causes of, effects of, and reduction strategies for teacher stress are discussed. Stress is a biological phenomena that is experienced by all persons regardless of their socio-economic status, occupation, or age. While there is a lack of universal agreement on the meaning of stress, a few articles attempt to define stress. McGrath (1976) and Schuler (1980) generally define stress as a dynamic condition, in which an individual is confronted with an opportunity, constraint, or demand on being, having, andor doing what he or she desires. Beehr and Newman (1978) provide a more specific definition: job stress is a condition wherein job-related factors interact with the worker to change her psychological or physiological condition such that she is forced to deviate from normal functioning. Their definition is useful because it describes stress as a type of person-environment fit encompassing both individual and workplace stressors. Hans Selye (1976) gives a thorough overview of stress from a practical and medical perspective in his book, The Stress of Life. He reports that stress is essentially the rate of wear and tear on the body. Moreover, it is impossible to live without experiencing some amount of stress all the time. Very simple activities and problems as well as the most complex ones can cause stress. They simply vary in degree. For example, crossing a busy intersection, exposure to a draft, or even sheer joy are significant enough to activate the body's stress mechanism. Therefore, stress is not necessarily something bad, nor is it necessarily something good. It is simply something that cannot be avoided. The same stress that makes one person ill, makes for an invigorating experience for another. A major factor to consider in order to avoid harmful stress is whether you are adjusting correctly to life situations. This, in Selye's (1976) estimation, is the very root of the disease producing conflicts, (i.e., improper reactions to life situations). During his years and many autopsies, he has never seen a person die of old age. Rather, there is always one part of the body that wears out first and wrecks the whole human machinery, merely because the other parts cannot function without it. With this in mind, Selye (1976) states that an ever increasing proportion of people die from the so-called wear and tear diseases, diseases of civilization, or degenerative diseases, which are primarily stress. The main issue is that the human body wears longest when it wears evenly. As we look at "stress" among teachers we might question how evenly they wear themselves out. Wearing oneself out is as living, and it is inevitable. However, I would guess that few teachers would venture to say that they are wearing themselves out evenly. The Need For Synthesis State and local school administrators are increasingly concerned with the issue of stress in teaching (Hudson and Meagher, 1983). Public school teachers spend roughly half their waking lives in work-related activities. It seems likely then, that job related psychological and physical stress factors may have important influences on their health. To better understand the causes and effects of stress in teaching, the existing research needs to be synthesized. One important reason for studying teacher stress is that their work experiences can have detrimental effects on them, their students, and the learning environment. …


In Discrimination and Disparities, Thomas Sowell describes how economists think about the causes of disparities in socioeconomic outcomes. He cautions against government intervention to reduce disparities, noting that such interventions often have unintended consequences. In this review, I discuss the role of economic theory and empirical evidence in helping move society towards more equitable outcomes. I find far more reason to be hopeful about the role of government than Sowell does, but also argue for more experimentation and rigorous evaluation to be sure that our well-intentioned policies have their intended impacts.


Attitudes towards sexuality are changing and levels of cultural homophobia decreasing, yet there remain very few openly gay men within sport. As a proving ground for heteromasculinity, sport has traditionally been a hostile environment for gay men. This article is based on an ethnographic study within a sporting subworld in which gay men do appear to be accepted: equestrian sport. Drawing on inclusive masculinity theory, equestrian sport is shown to offer an unusually tolerant environment for gay men in which heterosexual men of all ages demonstrate low levels of homophobia. Inclusive masculinity theory is a useful framework for exploring the changing nature of masculinities and this study demonstrates that gay men are becoming increasingly visible and accepted within once unreceptive locales, such as sport and rural communities. However, this more tolerant attitude is purchased at the expense of a subordinated feminine Other, perpetuating the dominance of men within competitive sport.


We can design model following control system (MFCS) with time-delay whose internal states are bounded. Time-delay widely exists among controlled objects in computer control processes, power systems, chemical processing systems, metallurgical processing systems, environmental systems and communication systems transmission systems and other industrial production activities[1]~[5], and makes it difficult to evaluate effects of control system input signals in time, which will ineluctably deteriorate performance of the control system in automatically removing outside disturbances, and influence stability of the system. This paper discusses a design of predictive control of MFCS for the linear time-delay based on the model following control theory proposed by Okubo[6], and is thus considered to be innovative and applicable. It is confirmed on basis of a numerical example that the output signal of the control system asymptotically follows the reference model signal in the case of the existence of disturbances.


A rapid method for determining the damage severity sustained by a beam proved to be challenging due to either limited studies conducted on the subject or alternative methods require highly sophisticated and costly equipment to perform. In this research, the unique frequency signature emitted by a beam when excited by an external force was utilized in order to determine the changes in the properties of the beam. Experiments were performed using a roving accelerometer hammer impact test on a beam with a grounded configuration to test the changes occurring as the controlled damage sustained by the beam increases. The acceleration response of the beam obtained from the experiment is then processed using software incorporating Kalman Filter and structural dynamics. Results show that the dominant frequency obtained in both the Fast Fourier Transform and Power Spectral Density of the acceleration response of the beam decreases as the damage incurred by the beam increases. The results also show that regardless of the position of the accelerometer, dominant frequencies tend to converge to a value depending on the damage sustained in the beam. Damping ratio of the beam also decreased as the damage sustained by the beam increased. Inversely, the increase in damage of the beam corresponds to an increase in the dissipation rate of the beam. The study was able to achieve its goal of quantifying damage in a beam through the use of frequency signature by identifying the changes in its dominant frequencies and the damping ratio and dissipation rate.


Objective: This study examines the association of nighttime driving and the carrying of passengers with the rate of motor vehicle crashes that resulted in severe or fatal injury to young drivers in California before the implementation of a graduated licensing system. Method: Passenger vehicle drivers aged 16 or 17 involved in injury crashes in California from 1 January 1993 to 30 June 1998 were identified through a police crash database. An induced exposure method was used to estimate driving exposure. Odds ratios for driver injury crashes were estimated with logistic regression. Results: Driving at night, driving without adult supervision, driving with passengers, using alcohol, being 16, and being male were associated with high rates of driver injury crash. Conclusions: The injury crash rate for drivers aged 16 or 17 increases during nighttime hours and in the absence of adult supervision, with or without other passengers. Driving between 10 pm and midnight is particularly dangerous for young drivers. Nighttime driving restrictions that begin at 10 pm or earlier and restrictions on carrying passengers at any hour may increase the effectiveness of graduated licensing systems.


The transformers in aircraft power conversion are often very heavy and represent a significant fuel or range penalty. Being thermally sized, improved cooling methods would allow downsizing and thereby reduced weight. Since the conductive paths in these metal "dense" devices are good, the controlling thermal resistance is typically the convective coefficient. The goal of this study was to optimize the convective air cooling across transformers by parametrically testing candidate shroud geometries to minimize average and hot spot surface temperatures with minimal fan power. Experimental results from a low velocity wind tunnel were well correlated by CFD modeling, providing confidence in continued shroud development with only CFD or experimentally. A simple cubic test block was selected as surrogate to generalize and simplify both test methods and results. A new "goodness" parameter was developed that included both the heat transfer performance and pressure penalty for a comparative index of shroud designs.The work was divided into two phases. Phase-A used numerical modeling to study a variety of different shapes to select the best for experimental testing. Phase-B included the testing and further parametric evaluation with CFD studies. A parameter was developed that quantified the effect of conductive spreading on the test article surface.Presented here are the results of these studies, where several general shroud shapes emerged as high performance in comparative evaluation. Following the down select, specific geometrical dimensions relative to the duct and mock transformer sizes were further optimized.Copyright © 2013 by ASME


: The neoplastic lymphoid cells in 33 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), 1 case of prolymphocytic leukemia (PLL), and 29 patients with various types of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) were examined for the expression of transferrin receptors (TR) using a panel of three anti-TR monoclonal antibodies (MAb). Both immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques were applied in each case. All cases of B-CLL (31) were negative for TR expression, while both the cases of T-CLL, and the only case of T-PLL showed significant TR-positive cell populations. Similarly, all 13 cases of "low-grade" NHL were TR negative, while 6 of 7 cases of "high-grade" lymphomas (lymphoblastic and immunoblastic) had up to 28% TR-positive cells. A proportion (4/9) of "intermediate grade" lymphomas had 10-15% TR positivity. Interestingly, the majority of B-leukemia/lymphoma (49/55) cases were TR negative, while all 8 cases of T-cell leukemia/lymphoma were TR positive. This clearcut association of TR expression with high-risk morphologic and immunophenotypic subgroups of lymphoid leukemia/lymphoma points to the potential role of TR as a prognostic marker in lymphoproliferative disorders.


The world-class Veladero high-sulfidation epithermal gold deposit is located near the northern end of the El Indio-Pascua metallogenic belt in Argentina. New 40Ar-39Ar alunite and jarosite ages were obtained at four mineralized centers in the Veladero district: the Amable and Filo Federico orebodies that compose the Veladero deposit, and the Argenta and Fabiana satellite centers. These ages indicate that magmatic-hydrothermal alteration and related gold mineralization were episodic, and activity in the Veladero district occurred over a period of approximately 3 m.y.

The earliest magmatic-hydrothermal alteration in the Veladero district is recorded by alunite from Argenta that formed at 13.12 ± 0.18 Ma. At the Fabiana prospect, alunite is dated at 10.09 ± 0.08 Ma. At the Veladero deposit, the alteration and mineralization at the Filo Federico and Amable orebodies formed at different times despite their close proximity. Previously available data indicate that alunite at Amable formed at 11.93 ± 0.09 Ma, whereas Filo Federico alunite samples are younger and yield 40Ar-39Ar ages of 11.05 ± 0.12 and 10.34 ± 0.11 Ma. The oldest postmineralization jarosite alteration at Amable is dated at 11.8 ± 0.3 Ma and the youngest is dated at 8.58 ± 0.17 Ma. The age constraints suggest that the spatially overlapping Amable and Filo Federico orebodies formed approximately 1 m.y. apart, at about 11.9 Ma at Amable and after 11.1 Ma at Filo Federico.

The results demonstrate that the Veladero district is host to the oldest centers of significantly mineralized magmatic-hydrothermal alteration within the El Indio-Pascua metallogenic belt. Magmatic-hydrothermal alteration and gold mineralization at the Veladero deposit broadly overlapped with isolated centers of middle to late Miocene volcanic activity in the region, dated at 12.7 ± 0.9 to 11.0 ± 0.2 Ma. In contrast to Veladero, the other high-sulfidation deposits in the belt are significantly younger with reported 40Ar-39Ar alunite alteration ages of other major deposits in the belt ranging from 9.4 (the Lama deposit at Pascua Lama) to 6.2 Ma (the El Indio deposit). These deposits formed during volcanic quiescence caused by shallowing of the Nazca plate below South America during the late Miocene, whereas Veladero formed prior to the cessation of volcanism. Fertile magmas of roughly 13 to 10 Ma were previously thought to be restricted to the Maricunga metallogenic belt approximately 200 km north of Veladero, but the present study demonstrates that mineralization in this age range occurred as far south as Veladero. These results are significant for regional exploration, in particular in the area between the Maricunga and El Indio-Pascua metallogenic belts.


Purpose: The tumor necrosis factor-α-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and oncolytic viruses have recently been investigated extensively for cancer therapy. However, preclinical and clinical studies have revealed that their clinical application is hampered by either weak anticancer activity or systemic toxicity. We examined whether the weaknesses of the two strategies can be overcome by integrating the TRAIL gene into an oncolytic vector. Experimental Design: We constructed a TRAIL-expressing oncolytic adenovector designated as Ad/TRAIL-E1. The expression of both the TRAIL and viral E1A genes is under the control of a synthetic promoter consisting of sequences from the human telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter and a minimal cytomegalovirus early promoter. The transgene expression, apoptosis induction, viral replication, antitumor activity, and toxicity of Ad/TRAIL-E1 were determined in vitro and in vivo in comparison with control vectors. Results: Ad/TRAIL-E1 elicited enhanced viral replication and/or stronger oncolytic effect in vitro in various human cancer cell lines than a TRAIL-expressing, replication-defective adenovector or an oncolytic adenovector–expressing green fluorescent protein. Intralesional administration of Ad/TRAIL-E1 eliminated all s.c. xenograft tumors established from a human non–small cell lung cancer cell line, H1299, on nu/nu nude mice, resulting in long-term, tumor-free survival. Furthermore, we found no treatment-related toxicity. Conclusions: Viral replication and antitumor activity of oncolytic adenovirus can be enhanced by the TRAIL gene and Ad/TRAIL-E1 could become a potent therapeutic agent for cancer therapy.


Simulation of a wall jet in an enclosure performed to predict the effect of pulsation flow on improving the performance of mixing ventilation systems which are routine practices in industry. Comparing two flows with equal amount for constant and pulsation modes, it was found out that the same global airflow pattern exists for both of the cases but with generation of more eddies and local periodically velocity variations for pulsation mode. This periodic generation of turbulence at pulsatile ventilation flows happen despite the relatively low Reynolds numbers of such flows.Bigger size of boundary layer and higher turbulent kinetic energy for pulsation mode in comparisonwith the same flow rate in constant velocity mode could result in more ventilation capacity with no need to increase the use of energy. It was seen that while a higher constant velocity rate could produce the same acceptable results in terms of higher efficiency in ventilation, a lower pulsated flow could yields it without the risk of draught. Regarding the thesis procedure, the computational solution started with a grid independency study. 2-Dimensional simulation failed to simulate the results similar to the experimental data. No URANS model was able to yield good outcome in 2D mode. The study was continued with 3D SST-kω which yielded good prediction of velocity profiles near the wall regions. For predicting turbulence parameters in the center of the domain SST-URANS was not helpful so, simulation switched to SAS which was successful to some extent to get close to reality.


When using the mixing-plane method in a multistage axial compressor all unsteady effects due to blade row interactions is lacking compared to a U-RANS method. By writing the ensemble-passage-averaged flow equations it is seen that, in the mixing-plane case, the so-called deterministic stress terms (DST) are missing. Previous work has shown that the DST terms are accurately predicted in 2D using a linearized harmonic approach. The present study is one of the first applications of this technique for calculating unsteady effects in adjunctive blade rows based on full 3D linearized N-S equations (LN-S). In this work the effects of DST terms on the average flow are evaluated at several operating points along a speedline, and are compared with conventional RANS solutions. Our main interest in this paper is to see how the DST affects typical design parameters for the compressor running at various conditions along a speedline. The overall methodology, first solve the steady state with conventional mixing-plane, secondly use this as input for LN-S solver and obtain the DST terms and finally use these to correct the average flow field, appears to work well also in fully 3D transonic cases. No problem have been encountered obtaining solutions to the linearized N-S equations. This is attributed to the use of a solution technique which is highly compatible with the steady-state RANS solver. The effects of the DST terms on the steady-state RANS solutions are significant in terms of performance parameters, such as losses and blockage. The method also makes it possible to evaluate unsteady effects, such as time dependent blade loads due to wake interactions.Copyright © 2005 by ASME


: Immunologic studies were done in a patient with common variable hypogammaglobulinemia, bronchiectasis and M. avium intracellulare pulmonary infection. Adherent cells from the patient were found to suppress the proliferative response of normal control cells to PPD antigen. The suppression seemed to be mediated by prostaglandin as it was reversed by indomethacin. Increased suppressor cell activity may play an important role in the pathogenesis of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection by permitting the transformation of a status of colonization by the organism in pre-existing pulmonary conditions into an invasive, progressive disease.