Here, we report the isolation of broadly neutralizing mAbs (bNAbs) from persons with broadly neutralizing serum who spontaneously cleared hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We found that bNAbs from two donors bound the same epitope and were encoded by the same germline heavy chain variable gene segment. Remarkably, these bNAbs were encoded by antibody variable genes with sparse somatic mutations. For one of the most potent bNAbs, these somatic mutations were critical for antibody neutralizing breadth and for binding to autologous envelope variants circulating late in infection. However, somatic mutations were not necessary for binding of the bNAb unmutated ancestor to envelope proteins of early autologous transmitted/founder viruses. This study identifies a public B cell clonotype favoring early recognition of a conserved HCV epitope, proving that anti-HCV bNAbs can achieve substantial neutralizing breadth with relatively few somatic mutations, and identifies HCV envelope variants that favored selection and maturation of an anti-HCV bNAb in vivo. These data provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of immune-mediated clearance of HCV infection and present a roadmap to guide development of a vaccine capable of stimulating anti-HCV bNAbs with a physiologic number of somatic mutations characteristic of vaccine responses.


The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the network of objects, devices, machines, vehicles, buildings, and other physical systems with embedded sensing, computing, and communication capabilities, that sense and share and act on real-time information about the physical world. These objects, through standard communication protocols and unique addressing schemes provide services to the final users or systems. With the rise of low cost, low power single board computers, it is possible to perform certain business logic at the edge of the network utilizing such computers. This way the IoT application is distributed across many devices, some running at or near the edge of the network, at different locations and some running in the public or private cloud. This brings in new research and development challenges in the lifecycle of IoT applications, including modeling, deployment and support of non-functional requirements such as security, privacy, performance, provenance etc. In this paper we outline the challenges related to modeling and deployment of IoT applications and potential research directions in resolving these challenges.


This article rejects the notion that schools have become excessively feminised spaces that are failing to adequately provide for the educational needs of boys. This construction of schools as feminised has provided the impetus for the development of what have become known as 'boy‐friendly' pedagogies. Unfortunately such pedagogies work with essentialist assumptions about masculinity and as such have the potential to reinscribe and valorise those forms of masculinity that are oppressive to others and, in some instances, result in self‐harm. The authors thus contend that boy‐friendly approaches to schooling often work against the interests of more gender‐just practices in schools, and beyond. Drawing on one set of data from a broader study, they highlight the masculinised spaces operating in one all‐boys' school. They suggest that a boy‐friendly pedagogy here would be highly inappropriate in terms of promoting gender justice. They therefore foreground the philosophies and practices of one group of teachers who are concerned with implementing a transformational pedagogy in their classrooms and suggest that whilst, in this instance, such pedagogies are not without their problems, they offer insights into how such masculinised spaces can be disrupted.


The ubiquity of mobile devices and cloud services has led to an unprecedented growth of online personal photo and video collections. Due to the scarcity of personal media search log data, research to date has mainly focused on searching images and videos on the web. However, in order to manage the exploding amount of personal photos and videos, we raise a fundamental question: what are the differences and similarities when users search their own photos versus the photos on the web? To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first to study personal media search using large-scale real-world search logs. We analyze different types of search sessions mined from Flickr search logs and discover a number of interesting characteristics of personal media search in terms of information needs and click behaviors. The insightful observations will not only be instrumental in guiding future personal media search methods, but also benefit related tasks such as personal photo browsing and recommendation. Our findings suggest there is a significant gap between personal queries and automatically detected concepts, which is responsible for the low accuracy of many personal media search queries. To bridge the gap, we propose the deep query understanding model to learn a mapping from the personal queries to the concepts in the clicked photos. Experimental results verify the efficacy of the proposed method in improving personal media search, where the proposed method consistently outperforms baseline methods.


The role of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTg) in the control of behaviour is investigated in the experiments in this thesis through (1) the interactions between its ascending cholinergic neurones and dopamine neurones in the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area; and (2) the involvement of its non- cholinergic neurones in modifying outflow from the striatum. (1) Stimulation of rat SN by carbachol produces an increase in behaviours for which the animal has a low current baseline rate and a positive predisposition (Winn et al, 1983). This was investigated further by examining first, whether consumption of a palatable food could also be stimulated by intranigral injections of nicotine or acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Increased feeding was obtained dose- dependently from satiated rats following injection of carbachol, nicotine or neostigmine, but not eserine, into the substantia nigra. Second, it was demonstrated that spontaneous consumption by satiated rats could not be blocked by muscarinic or nicotinic antagonists, although eating stimulated by intranigral neostigmine were attenuated by these antagonists. These data suggest that the cholinergic innervation of substantia nigra is phasic in nature. Third, it was ascertained whether the excitation realised by neostigmine injections into the substantia nigra or ventral tegmental area could support the acquisition of responding for conditioned reinforcement. Injections of neostigmine into the substantia nigra, but not ventral tegmental area, assisted acquisition of the lever-press response and this resuh is discussed with respect to the significance of habit and expectation on responding. (2) The PPTg has been viewed as an important striatal output station for several years, primarily due to its proposed function as part of the mesencephalic locomotor region but more recently for its role in incentive behaviours. The validity of these perspectives was tested first by investigating the effects of ibotenate PPTg lesions on the well-known pattern of events which occur following systemic injections of d-amphetamine and apomorphine. The effects of lesions made in the deep mesencephalic nucleus were also investigated as this structure has also been linked with locomotor functions. Neither spontaneous nor drug-induced locomotion was affected by either lesion placement, but PPTg-lesioned rats exhibited abnormal stereotypies. At 3.0 and 5.0 mg-kg-1 d-amphetamine these included excessive biting behaviour, predominantly directed at their own forepaws, and they were the only group to score 6 (continuous biting) on the Creese-Iversen scale following apomorphine injections. The role of the PPTg in the mediation of reward-related behavior was investigated in the conditioned reinforcement paradigm. Ibotenate-lesioned rats responded as frequently as controls on the CR lever, but their pressing was equal on CR and NCR levers. These data are discussed with respect to a role for the non-cholinergic neurones in the PPTg in the mediation of stimulus-reward associations and…


*Corresponding Author: Jabbar Abbas firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract In the context of the multiple-criteria decision aid (MCDA), several fuzzy integrals concerning capacities (non-additive measures) have been introduced by various researchers in the last sixty years. Recently, Lehrer has proposed a new integral for capacities known as concave integral. The concave integral is based on the decomposition of random variables into simple ingredients. The concave integral concerning capacity is defined as the maximum value obtained among all its decompositions. The paper aims to model a new integration based on the decomposition of random variables into simple ingredients for multi-criteria decision making support when underlying scales are bipolar. This paper proposes a generalization of the concave integral in terms of decompositions of the integrated function to be suitable for bipolar scales. We show that the random variable is analyzed as a combination of indicators, where each allowed decomposition has a value determined by the bi-capacity. Lastly, we illustrate our framework by a practical example.


Sparse Matrix-Vector Multiplication (SpMV) is very common to scientific computing. The Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) has recently emerged as a high-performance computing platform due to its massive processing capability. This paper presents an innovative performance-model driven approach for partitioning sparse matrix into appropriate formats, and auto-tuning configurations of CUDA kernels to improve the performance of SpMV on GPUs. This paper makes the following contributions: (1) Propose an empirical CUDA performance model to predict the execution time of SpMV CUDA kernels. (2) Design and implement a model-driven partitioning framework to predict how to partition the target sparse matrix into one or more partitions and transform each partition into appropriate storage format, which is based on the fact that the different storage formats of sparse matrix can significantly affect the performance of SpMV. (3) Integrate the model-driven partitioning with our previous auto-tuning framework to automatically adjust CUDA-specific parameters to optimize performance on specific GPUs. Compared to the NVIDIA's existing implementations, our approach shows a substantial performance improvement. It has 222%, 197%, and 33% performance improvement on the average for CSR vector kernel, ELL kernel and HYB kernel, respectively.


Modern power system consists of wide range of power electronic equipments. These equipments act as non-linear loads which injects harmonics in the system. Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) is One of the FACT'S device that tackles both current and voltage related problems. UPQCs are not widely used due to their excessive price. This paper describes a method to analyze the reactive and active power transaction capabilities of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV) in a Vehicles to Grids (V2G) mode of operation, which gives a low-cost solution for designing a UPQC using PHEV charging station. A third order dynamic battery model is used as the substitute to dc link ofUPQC in proposed work. Simulations have been executed in MATLAB SIMULINK.


Purpose Standard coiling is now the first line approach for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms. However, this technique has some limitations, including treatment of wide-neck and large and giant aneurysms and recanalisations. Therefore, new techniques and devices are needed. The objective of intra-saccular flow disruption is the modification of aneurysmal flow by placing a device in the aneurysm sac. Preliminary clinical experience in French centres is presented. Materials and Methods Computational fluid dynamics and pre-clinical testing (canine cross-over carotid bifurcation model) were used to develop an intra-saccular flow disrupter design, designated as WEB (Sequent, Aliso Viejo, CA).The WEB is a self-expanding, oblate, braided nitinol mesh, composed of an inner and outer braid held together by proximal, middle, and distal radio-opaque markers and creating two compartments: one distal and one proximal.Clinically, 39 patients (27F/12M, age: 37–75 years) harbouring ruptured, unruptured or recanalised aneurysms were treated between June 2011 and January 2013 in 7 French centres, using an intra-aneurysmal flow-disrupter (WEB). Aneurysm location was middle cerebral artery (23 aneurysms), basilar artery (8), internal carotid artery (5), and anterior communicating artery (3). Aneurysm size was 10mm in 5 aneurysms. Neck size was > 4mm in 5 aneurysms and <4mm in 35 cases. Results Clinically, the device was successfully deployed in all but 2 cases. Three thromboembolic events were observed with favourable outcome in both cases (mRS ≤2). No intraoperative rupture was observed. No delayed rupture or remote haematoma was observed. Additional coiling was performed in 4 cases. Mid-term follow-up results are presented. Conclusion Intra-saccular flow disruption using WEB is a completely new endovascular approach to treat some types of aneurysm, particularly wide-neck bifurcation aneurysms. This preliminary clinical experience shows the safety and efficacy of the device when used in appropriately selected cases. Disclosures L. Pierot: 2; C; Sequent. A. Januel: None. H. Raoult: None. L. Spelle: None. C. Papagiannaki: None. H. Desal: None. P. Courtheoux: None. K. Krzysztof Kadziolka1: None. J. Gauvrit: None. J. Moret: None. D. Herbreteau: None. C. Cognard: None.


The Reversed Compound Agent Theorem (RCAT) is a compositional result that uses Markovian process algebra to derive the reversed process of two cooperating continuous time Markov chains at equilibrium, under certain conditions. From this reversed process, together with the given, forward process, the joint state probabilities can be expressed as a product-form.We introduce MEERCAT, the first implementation of the RCAT, which classifies models where the theorem can be applied, and generates their product-form solutions.


Abstract Introduction: The aim of the study was to investigate changes in the serum levels of adiponectin and TNF-α, as well as insulin sensitivity, and to elucidate the possible relationship among the parameters and negative energy balance during the periparturient period of dairy cows. Material and Methods: Thirty primiparous Holstein dairy cows were selected for the study. Blood samples were collected from each cow seven days before the expected calving date, on the calving day, and 7, 14, and 21 days after calving. Blood non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), glucose, insulin, adiponectin, and TNF- α levels were measured. Revised Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (rQUICKI) was calculated using data on NEFA, insulin, and glucose concentrations. Results: When compared to prepartum levels, serum concentration of adiponectin significantly increased on day 21 postpartum. The rQUICKI increased and NEFA levels decreased on day 7 after parturition. Insulin and glucose levels decreased on days 7, 14, and 21 postpartum when compared with prepartum levels. BHBA levels decreased on day 21 and TNF- α concentration also decreased on days 7, 14, and 21 postpartum. Adiponectin levels positively correlated with NEFA during the preparturient period. Negative correlation was detected between adiponectin and rQUICKI on calving day and on 14th day after parturition. TNF- α concentration positively correlated with glucose levels on day 7 prepartum and on 21st day postpartum and with rQUICKI on 21st day postpartum. Negative correlation was detected between adiponectin level and insulin sensitivity. Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, we concluded that adiponectin could possibly increase insulin sensitivity when blood NEFA concentrations are elevated.


International arbitration has traditionally encountered much hostility in Latin America. The setting has changed significantly in the last decade: many countries have renovated their legislation on arbitration, most countries have ratified important international conventions. Many countries now think to have provided the necessary framework. This was not seldom the consequence of more or less subtle pressure by international organizations who were alerted by the often harsh criticism by international lawyers pointing out the adverse affect by the legislative deficiencies for foreign investments. Is this a new era of arbitration due to better regulation? This contribution focuses on one particular problem of advancing arbitration through changing the norms: the efforts of legal harmonization of regulation on arbitration by international treaties from the perspective of the MERCOSUR and his associates Bolivia and Chile as well as the resulting problems of conflicts of treaties. This reveals the delicate problems resulting from the difficulty of choosing between traditional local regulatory approaches and the internationally accepted standards set forth by the UN-Convention. The still unsolved tensions are still an obstacle to arbitration in this region.


Issues about informational privacy have emerged in tandem with the escalating increase in nformation stored in electronic formats. Data protection is a pressing issue not only because files of personal information are being kept in greater detail and for longer periods of time, but also because the data can be retrieved and compared or matched without delay, regardless of geography. While defenders of information technology cite efficiency and safety among the countervailing benefits, concerns from an increasingly tech-savvy public have introduced a sense of urgency to demand tough legislation. Although many studies have provided evidence of online privacy concerns, few have explored the nature of the concern in detail, especially in terms of government policy for our new online environment. Bill C-6, Canada's recent legislative action, has provided a practical basis from which to appraise governments' role in privacy protection. With this in mind, the paper will be divided into two parts. Part one will be undertaken to: (A) evaluate the arguments of critics as well as defenders of contemporary record-keeping practices and the philosophical conceptions of privacy, which underlie them; and, using these themes (B) provide a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of Bill C- 6, examining the ways in which policy makers have begun to treat privacy as both a commodity and a secondary adjunct to business activity. Part two of the paper, purposes a series of recommendations or, more specifically, a framework for Bill C-6 that would, more effectively, protect individual privacy from private entities, who collect online data.


Introduction If flow-diverters are to become the preferred mode of treating aneurysms then other than their efficacy, an analysis of their financial impact against coiling is warranted. Methodology An IRB approved retrospective analysis was performed on 500 aneurysms treated in 427 patients. The implant-cost was calculated based on the number and type of coils that were deployed, coils that were opened but not deployed, and use of any adjunctive devices. Total aneurysm-cost included all re-treatments. The aneurysms were divided into < 6 mm, 6–11 mm and >11 mm-groups. Aneurysm-costs were compared with the hospital's cost for a flow-diverter (PipelineTM-$12,500). An analysis was performed to determine a cost-point based on aneurysm size, and use of adjunctive devices at which a flow-diverter became economically superior to coiling. This analysis was repeated for a hypothetically reduced price of the flow-diverter. Results The total implant-cost per case was $11,447(±$7523). The number of coils had a strong, positive correlation with the implant-cost (R20.8, p < 0.0001). The implant-cost was $9711(±$5868) in ruptured and $12421(±$8135) in unruptured aneurysms (p < 0.0001). Aneurysm size and the use of adjunctive devices had a significant impact on implant-cost (Table 1). In Figure 1, the aneurysm-cost by aneurysm-size and treatment-type is shown with a superimposed cost of PipelineTM(red line). The use of adjunctive devices did not significantly impact the implant cost in aneurysm >11 mm but was significant in the other groups. The use of flow-diverter was economically better than coils in all aneurysms >11 mm, in all aneurysms between 6–11 mm that required an adjunctive device and in all aneurysms < 6mm that required a stent. Lowering the flow-diverter cost to $10,000 (blue-line) shows that most aneurysms above 6mm were economically viable for flow-diversion as opposed to coiling. Conclusion The implant-cost is affected by number of coils, aneurysm-size and treatment type. A flow-diverter may be economically feasible in aneurysms >11 m, aneurysms between 6–11 mm that require an adjunctive device and aneurysms < 6 mm that require a stent. Lowering the price of a flow-diverter by $2500 magnifies this effect. As the use of flow diverters increases and more devices are available, a price adjustment will make this a very attractive first line treatment. Abstract P-002 Table 1 The cost of implants based on treatment type and aneurysm size N Mean (SD) Treatment type (p < 0.0001) Coiling alone 326 $9,642.70 (6624) Coiling with balloon 33 $10,939.50 (6382) Coiling with stent 131 $16,311.9 (7566) Aneurysm size (p < 0.0001) <6 mm 205 $8,227.9 (4872) 6–11 mm 235 $12,467.1 (6709) >11 mm 60 $18,617.9 (11208) Abstract P-002 Figure 1 Disclosures A. Rai: 2; C; Stryker Neurovascular, Codman Neuro. B. Cline: None. A. Tarabishy: None. J. Patterson: None. S. Boo: None. J. Carpenter: None.


The echocardiographic, ECG, and radiographic findings of sequentially examined cats with dilatation cardiomyopathy (DCM, n = 7), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM, n = 8), and hyperthyroidism (HT, n = 20) were compared with those of healthy control cats (n = 11). Cats with DCM were easily differentiated from healthy cats by echocardiography and from cats with HCM and HT by a dilated left ventricle at end-diastole with a mean +/- SD of 2.20 +/- 0.36 cm, reduced fractional shortening (2.9% +/- 3.7%), reduced aortic amplitude (0.07 +/- 0.05 cm), reduced left ventricular wall amplitude (0.09 +/- 0.09 cm), and increased E-point septal separation (0.83 +/- 0.29 cm). The cats with HCM were most consistently recognized echocardiographically by increased left ventricular wall thickness at end-diastole (0.75 +/- 0.12 cm). Some cats with HT had abnormal echocardiograms with left ventricular wall hypertrophy. These cats could usually be differentiated from the cats with HCM because of normal or increased ventricular wall amplitude, aortic amplitude, or percentage of thickening of the left ventricular wall and interventricular septum. Left atrial enlargement (left atrial diameter greater than 1.57 cm or left atrium/aorta greater than 1.75) was commonly detected by the echocardiogram in cats with DCM, HCM, or HT. The echocardiogram was helpful in differentiating the type of cardiomyopathy (DCM, HCM, or HT) when plain thoracic radiographs indicated that cardiomegaly existed. The ECG may have indicated incorrectly that there was left ventricular enlargement in some cats with HT, and it did not indicate consistently that left ventricular enlargement existed when present in cats with DCM or HCM. The ECG was a poor indicator of left atrial enlargement in all cats.


From a conceptual point of view, this research is dedicated to one of the most disputed problems in the methodology of contemporary intersystem transformations – systematic balance ambiguity, or the "divergence – convergence of global development." From a compositional point of view, research on this topic has consisted of two main directions: (1) an analysis of global development asymmetry that has activated gravitational processes in geo-economic space; and (2) a direction that focuses on the profound study of the causes for heterogeneity in geo-economic space and divergence in global development under the influence of gravitational factors of nature on the endogenous-exogenous axis. Empirical analyses have revealed systemic determinants of gravitational processes in geo-economic space, a geo-strategic matrix of divergence in global development has been constructed, and Ukrainian geo-strategic positions in geo-economic space regarding the projection of problems in global intersystem transformations have been outlined. The hypothesis that the level of gravitational charge grows under conditions involving the deepening of global development asymmetries has been proved.


Specific lesions of the nervous system produce localizing symptoms similar in character to those which result from non-specific lesions having the same anatomic seat. Partial epilepsy of gummatous origin or hemiplegia from syphilitic thrombosis of the central arteries has no distinguishing features, per se; associate symptoms alone reveal its real nature. To describe these characteristic symptoms and to emphasize their importance in the diagnosis of cerebral syphilis in particular, is the object of my paper. A brief reference to the salient pathologic features of specific nervous disease is essential for the better understanding of the subject. It is well known that syphilitic inflammation affects primarily the blood-vessels and meninges of the neuraxis. While no part of this extensive territory is exempt from specific invasion, the most vulnerable parts are the convexity of the hemispheres, especially in their anterior portion, and more frequently still the base of the brain from the


This study describes three carcinomas and three benign follicle-cell lesions that consisted of vacuolated thyrocytes. In five of these tumors the neoplastic cells, wholly or in part, had the same unique signet-ring-cell feature as recently described for a mucinous microfollicular thyroid adenoma case. On electron microscopy, however, intracellular lumina that were bordered by microvilli were shown. Serial sections of the epon-embedded material and the results of mucin stains and thyroglobulin-immunostaining excluded primary mucin-producing tumors of the thyroid and in each of our six thyroid lesions gave evidence of an arrest of folliculogenesis.


Mental retardation is a very important health problem since it affects approximately 3% of the population. Prevention should begin by public education and complemented by measures taken during the preconceptional, the prenatal, the perinatal and the postnatal periods. Health and family planning, recognition of "at risk" situations, genetic counseling, prenatal care, antenatal diagnosis, neonatal screening and pediatric care are just a few of the preventive actions to safe-guard the birth of normal children and secure normal mental development.


A. A. ZINO V'E v. Ob odnom sposobi obzorafunkci] istinnosti n-znacnogo isdislenid vyskazyvanij (A method of describing the truth-functions of the n-valued propositional calculus). Russian with Polish and English summaries. Studia logica, vol. 11 (1961) pp. 217-222. Let the truth values be 1, 2, • • •, n and let m > 1. Any m-place function of the n-valued propositional calculus can be expressed as the composition of (1) max(xi, • • •, xm), (2) M(x) = x + lfoTl^x^n-l and M(n) = 1, and (3) the diagonal function B denned by B(i, • • • , / ) > / (1 £ i S ") and B(xlt •••, xm) — 1 otherwise. A canonical form for such expression is given. I. ROSENBERG


Summary The paper considers rational Pade approximation of the z-transform function of a time-dependent minimum phase signal. We present a derivation of reflection and transmission coefficients in layered media which are related to infinite impulse response (IIR) filters as a rational function of a special form. The ] , [ q p -Pade approximation of the z-transform function is formulated as a constrained least squares minimization problem with regularization constraints provided by the minimum phase signal. Numerical simulations for reconstruction of the z-transform function and its use as an inverse filter for a multiple model demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented approach.


The development of metal construction for aircraft has created a need for accurate and detailed information regarding the strength of riveted joints in aluminum-alloy structures. To obtain this information the National Bureau of Standards in cooperation with the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics is investigating the strength of riveted joints in aluminum alloys. The strength of riveted joints may be influenced by the form of the head, the ratio of the rivet diameter to the sheet thickness, the driving stress, and other factors. This note gives the results of tests to develop the riveting technique for test specimens and to determine the effects of these factors.


CARMO JR, J. W.; ALMEIDA, A.G.S. Air conditioning system for mass transit vehicle based on an absorption refrigeration system using combustion exhaust gases. Perspectivas Online: Exatas & Engenharia, v. 10, n. 30, p. 15-29, 2020. This paper examines the available heat of internal combustion diesel engines for activating automotive air conditioning systems with an absorption refrigeration cycle using ammonia-water pair. Firstly, an exergetic study was carried out of both the engine and absorption cycles working together, to assess the technical feasibility of using this system for air-conditioning vehicles for public transport. The modeling and simulation were developed through algorithms on the Engineering Equation Solver platform, taking into account mass balance, the first and second laws of Thermodynamics, identifying tailings and losses in the thermal system. The simulation of the internal combustion engine is modeled for the flexibility of biodiesel, to provide an energy and exergy analysis depending on the type of fuel used in the engine. It was possible to analyze the effects that variations in the engine exhaust gases can cause in the refrigeration cycle and to determine the thermodynamic state in the refrigeration cycle, the behavior of the coefficient of performance, refrigerated power and exergy distributed in function of the variation in the condensation and evaporation temperature, and the conditions of gases in the generator.


ABSTRACT Production of conidia of Penicillium oxalicum (ATCC number pending), a biocontrol agent of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, was tested in liquid and solid fermentation. P. oxalicum produced 250-fold more conidia in solid than in liquid fermentation at 30 days after inoculation of substrate. Solid fermentation was carried out in plastic bags (600 cm(3)) especially designed for solid fermentation (VALMIC) containing 50 g of peat/vermiculite (PV) (1:1, wt/wt) with 40% moisture, sealed, sterilized, and then inoculated with 1 ml of a conidial suspension of P. oxalicum (10(5) conidia g(-1) dry substrate), sealed again, and incubated in darkness at 20 to 25 degrees C for 30 days. Addition of amendments to PV in a proportion of 0.5 (wt/wt) significantly increased conidial production of P. oxalicum. The best production was obtained on PV plus meal of cereal grains (barley) or leguminous seeds (lentil) (100-fold higher). Conidial production obtained after 5 days of inoculation was similar to that obtained at 30 days. However, viability of conidia produced in PV plus lentil meal was 35% higher than that of conidia produced in PV plus barley meal. Changes in proportions (1:1:0.5, wt/wt/wt; 1:1:1, wt/wt/wt; 1:0.5:0.5, wt/wt/wt; 1:1:0.5, vol/vol/vol) of components of the substrate (peat/vermiculite/lentil meal) did not enhance production or viability of conidia. Optimal initial moisture in the substrate was 30 to 40%. At lower moistures, significant reductions of production of conidia were observed, particularly at 10%. There was a general decline in the number of conidia in bags with time of storage at -80, -20, 4, and 25 degrees C, or at room temperature (range from 30 to 15 degrees C), with the highest decline occurring from 60 to 180 days. Conidial viability also was reduced with time, except for conidia stored at -20 degrees C. Fresh conidia produced in solid fermentation system or those conidia stored at -20 degrees C for 180 days reduced Fusarium wilt of tomato by 49 and 61%, respectively.


As the wireless communication services grow quickly, the seriousness of spectrum scarcity has been on the rise gradually. In this context, an emerging technology, cognitive radio (CR) has been come out to solve today's spectrum scarcity problem. Among its fundamental functions, the most important function is spectrum sensing which requires precise accuracy and low complexity. Thus, in this paper, we propose the fast spectrum sensing algorithm using the discrete wavelet packet transform (DWPT) and infinite impulse response (IIR) polyphase filtering schemes. By simulations and complexity analysis, we verify our algorithm.


BACKGROUND
The gender pay gap in the United States is an ongoing issue, affecting women in nearly all occupations. Jobs traditionally associated with men tend to pay better than traditionally female-dominated jobs, and there is evidence to suggest within-occupation gender pay differences as well.

PURPOSE
We compared and contrasted gender wage disparities for registered nurses (RNs), relative to gender wage disparities for another female-dominated occupation, teachers, while controlling for sociodemographic factors.

METHODS
Using data in the American Community Survey, we analyzed the largest U.S. random representative sample of self-identified RNs and primary or secondary school teachers from 2000 to 2013 using fixed-effects regression analysis.

RESULTS
There is greater disparity between nurse pay by gender than in teacher pay by gender. In addition, the net return in wages for additional education is higher for school teachers (21.7%) than for RNs (4.7%).

CONCLUSIONS
Findings support preferential wages for men in nursing, more so than for men in teaching.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
The substantial gender disparities are an indirect measure of the misallocation of resources in effective patient care.


Cellular injury and death are ubiquitous features of disease, yet tools to detect them are limited and insensitive to subtle pathological changes. Acridine orange (AO), a nucleic acid dye with unique spectral properties, enables real-time measurement of RNA and DNA as proxies for cell viability during exposure to various noxious stimuli. This tool illuminates spectral signatures unique to various modes of cell death, such as cells undergoing apoptosis versus necrosis/necroptosis. This new approach also shows that cellular RNA decreases during necrotic, necroptotic, and apoptotic cell death caused by demyelinating, ischemic, and traumatic injuries, implying its involvement in a wide spectrum of tissue pathologies. Furthermore, cells with pathologically low levels of cytoplasmic RNA are detected earlier and in higher numbers than with standard markers including TdT-mediated dUTP biotin nick-end labeling and cleaved caspase 3 immunofluorescence. Our technique highlights AO-labeled cytoplasmic RNA as an important early marker of cellular injury and a sensitive indicator of various modes of cell death in a range of experimental models.


Jean-Michel Basquiat was a prominent neo-expressionist artist within the 1970s until his early death in 1988. His work brought the culture of graffiti and street art into fine art galleries and elite museums around the world building opportunities for black and other minority artists that would follow him in years to come.  Although Basquiat did not see himself as an activist, this paper argues that messages in his art attacked cultural appropriations by mainstream society as well as expressed the struggles of black and Latino communities.  Specifically, works entitled, "Defacement (Death of Michael Stewart)" (1983) and "Irony of a Negro Policeman" (1981) addressed the issues of racial and social inequality for these same groups.  By looking at artists such as Raymond Pettibon in the twenty-first century, viewers are able to find a similar message between the content of both artists allowing today's minority youth groups to view both in a sense of relatability when dealing with racialization within society. Basquiat's work against laws and police practices of the 1980s, such as racial profiling and "stop and frisk," one finds that his art has become even more relevant today.
Faculty Mentors: Leisa Rundquist, Laurel Taylor, Karin Peterson


Pelagic gillnet (driftnet) fisheries account for some 34% of Indian Ocean tuna catches. We combined published results from 10 bycatch sampling programmes (1981−2016) in Australia, Sri Lanka, India and Pakistan to estimate bycatch rates for cetaceans across all Indian Ocean tuna gillnet fisheries. Estimated cetacean bycatch peaked at almost 100 000 ind. yr−1 during 2004−2006, but has declined by over 15% since then, despite an increase in tuna gillnet fishing effort. These fisheries caught an estimated cumulative total of 4.1 million small cetaceans between 1950 and 2018. These bycatch estimates take little or no account of cetaceans caught by gillnet but not landed, of delayed mortality or sub-lethal impacts on cetaceans (especially whales) that escape from gillnets, of mortality associated with ghost nets, of harpoon catches made from gillnetters, or of mortality from other tuna fisheries. Total cetacean mortality from Indian Ocean tuna fisheries may therefore be substantially higher than estimated here. Declining cetacean bycatch rates suggest that such levels of mortality are not sustainable. Indeed, mean small cetacean abundance may currently be 13% of pre-fishery levels. None of these estimates are precise, but they do demonstrate the likely order of magnitude of the issue. Countries with the largest current gillnet catches of tuna, and thus the ones likely to have the largest cetacean bycatch are (in order): Iran, Indonesia, India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Oman, Yemen, UAE and Tanzania. These 9 countries together may account for roughly 96% of all cetacean bycatch from tuna gillnet fisheries across the Indian Ocean.


In recent years, with the flourishing of the catering economy and the trends in computer technology, restaurant operators have increasingly relied on employees with computational and information skills. Breaking through the traditional teaching method of mere lecturing, the study conducts a teaching demonstration by integrating the computational thinking concept and a Microsoft Excel computational system on the school's E-learning platform into the teaching of a Culinary and Restaurant Management course. A non-equivalent control group pretest–posttest study with a quasi-experimental design is adopted for the assignment of experimental participants and the design of the course. The results show that a curriculum design with computational thinking significantly improves the effectiveness of students' learning in digital technology and is especially helpful for the cultivation of the key capabilities of menu design and cost planning among restaurant management skills. The study makes the following contributions: during the Culinary and Restaurant Management course, the use of the E-learning platform and computing programs such as Microsoft Excel is associated with greater learning effectiveness than traditional teaching methods. The research results can serve as a reference for promoting an E-catering business model and a sustainable educational model in the future.


GaAs nanopillars with 150 nm - 200 nm long axial InGaAs inserts are grown by MOCVD via catalyst-free selective-area-epitaxy (SAE). The alloy composition of the InGaAs region, as determined by room-temperature photoluminescence (PL), depends critically on the pitch and diameter of the selective-area pattern geometry. The PL emission varies based on pattern geometry from 1.0 \{mu}m to 1.25 \{mu}m corresponding to a In to Ga ratio from 0.15 to > 0.3. This In enrichment is explained by a pattern dependent change in the incorporation rate for In and Ga. Capture coefficients for Ga and In adatoms are calculated for each pattern pitch. As the pitch decreases, these data reveal a contest between a synergetic effect (related to nanopillar density) that increases the growth rate and a competition for available material that limits the growth rate. Gallium is more susceptible to both of these effects, causing the observed changes in alloy composition.


Guidance and counseling is a process of assistance or assistance provided by counselor (counselor) to the individual (counselee) through face-to-face meetings or mutual relations between the two, so that the counselee has the ability or ability to see and find problems and be able to solve the problem itself.
Guidance and counselor / counselor counselor in juridical in the National Education System is stated as one of the qualifications of educators parallel to teachers, lecturers, guardians and tutors as mentioned in Law No. 20 of 2003 on National Education System Article 1 point 6.
Based on Government Regulation Number 19 Year 2005 on National Education Standards Article 28 point 3 and Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 14 Year 2005 regarding teachers and lecturers are presented four competencies of educators as learning agents covering pedagogic competence, personality competence, professional competence, and social competence .
Competence is a set of knowledge, skills and behaviors that must be owned, experienced and mastered by teachers or lecturers in performing professional duties. Professional competence in the Regulation of the Minister of National Education No. 27 of 2008 includes a teacher of BK who mastered the concept and praxis assessment to understand the condition of needs, and the problem of the counselee; Master theoretical framework and praxis guidance and counseling; Designing guidance and counseling programs; Implement a comprehensive guidance and counseling program; Assessing the process and results of guidance and counseling activities; Have awareness and commitment to professional ethics; Mastering the concepts and praxis of research in counseling and guidance.
The successful implementation of counseling and guidance services will be closely related to the implementation competencies of the BK teacher/counselor as the person providing the assistance, including the combination of knowledge, academic, personal qualities, and skills in helping.


There are a few individuals who, because their work is classified by their government for security reasons, cannot receive the full recognition in the scientific community that they deserve. Walter W. Jacobs, who died of cancer on February 11, 1982, at the age of 67, was one such individual. Although the scientific community at large may not have been aware of his many contributions, the government of the United States of America recognized the importance of his work and awarded him two medals for Exceptional Civilian Service and an additional award of the Legion of Merit. Indeed, the scientific community and the United States owe much to his scientific accomplishments, managerial skills, and foresight.


Studies of dynamics and biomass accumulation are essential for understanding forest functioning and productivity. They are also valuable when planning strategies for the conservation and sustainable use of natural resources. This study was conducted in five one-hectare plots of gallery forest in the Orinoco basin (three in terra firme and two in igapó floodplains), located in the Tomogrande Reserve, Santa Rosalía municipality, Vichada, Colombia. The differences between these forest types were determined and quantified considering diversity, floristic composition, aboveground biomass, forest dynamics and the influence of soils' physicochemical composition. Terra firme forests were more diverse (Fisher's α = 30.4) and had higher mortality and recruitment rates than igapó forests but there were no significant differences in stem turnover rates between forest types. Relative tree growth rate was also higher in terra firme than in igapó, but the opposite was found for biomass change (1.47 t/ha/year in igapó), resulting in an average carbon accumulation rate of 0.33 t/ha/year in terra firme and 0.66 t/ha/year in igapó. Igapó forest has high carbon accumulation potential given the high wood density of certain dominant species. Igapó soils contained a higher concentration of sand, silt, phosphorus and potassium ions, while terra firme soils had a higher clay content with lower pH. In general, the demographic and growth rates were consistent with those described for Amazonian forests. This study highlights the potential of igapó forest in the Orinoco basin as important carbon sinks, which should be included in the management and conservation strategies for this region.


Facial landmark detection is typically cast as a point-wise regression problem that focuses on how to build an effective image-to-point mapping function. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end deep learning approach for contextually discriminative feature construction together with effective facial structure modeling. The proposed learning approach is able to predict more contextually discriminative facial landmarks by capturing their associated contextual information. Moreover, we present a tree model to characterize human face structure and a structural loss function to measure the deformation cost between the ground-truth and predicted tree model, which are further incorporated into the proposed learning approach and jointly optimized within a unified framework. The presented tree model is able to well characterize the spatial layout patterns of facial landmarks for capturing the facial structure information. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach against the state-of-the-art over the MTFL and AFLW-full data sets.


The transition from the post-settlement herbivorous juvenile to the coral-eating stage of crown-of-thorns starfish (COTS) is a fundamental step to seed population outbreaks that decimate tropical coral reefs. How the highly cryptic juveniles fare during this transition is poorly understood. We show that the juveniles are vulnerable to attack by coral during this ontogenetic diet shift to coral prey. We monitored the condition, growth, and survival of juvenile COTS during the first 3.5 mo on a diet of Acropora sp. In initial encounters, juveniles often withdrew their arms to avoid the defensive nematocysts of the corals. Within the first 67 d of being offered coral, 37.8% of the juveniles experienced various levels of sublethal and lethal damage. Damaged arms were reduced to ~65.4% of the length of an intact arm, but most injured juveniles were able to regenerate their arms with an average predicted recovery time of ~4 mo. Although sublethal damage slowed the growth of injured juveniles, their capacity to regenerate is likely to contribute to the success of this highly prolific species. Despite being the prey of COTS, coral can influence the survival of juveniles, and potentially reduce their ecological impact by prolonging their growth to reproductive maturity, delaying their transition into a coral predator, and thereby hindering recruitment into the adult population.


J. C. D. CLARK. English Society, 1660-1832: Religion, Ideology and Politics during the Ancien Regime. Second edition. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Pp. xii + 580, index. $34.95 (paper), $74.95 (cloth). J. C. D. Clark has written or edited seven books and many scholarly articles on English political and cultural history. The first edition of this book, published in 1985, has been both influential and controversial. Even amongst scholars who do not totally agree with Clark, his revisionist historiography has put religion in general, and the Church of England in particular, in a central place in the study of eighteenth-century English politics and ideology. The work here under review is so thoroughly revised, updated, and expanded that it borders on being a new book. A textual comparison of the two editions reveals the following: about 290 pages in the first edition appear as 320 pages in the second; about 250 pages appear only in the second edition; about 140 pages appear only in the first edition. (If one were to read pages vii-xiii, 1-48, 106-20, 141-73, 186-98, and 419-39 of the first edition, along with the entire second edition, one would miss almost nothing.) In addition to deleting significant blocks of material and adding much new material, Clark rearranges and carefully edits the shared material. He seems to have reconsidered every sentence, maybe even every phrase, from the first edition. Moreover, he has thoroughly considered and integrated into his text much secondary literature written since 1985 and additional primary sources as well. The table of contents has been changed in most of its titles and subtitles. In the second edition Clark puts less emphasis on historiography and far less (indeed, almost no) emphasis on showing what is wrong with other historians. These were major emphases in the first edition and received harsh criticism from reviewers. He still, however, persuasively supports most of his positive claims about "the long eighteenth century in England. Thus, what warrants the designation "second edition" is that Clark retains the same interpretative approach and theoretical framework for the period. In the first edition Clark used the concept of "the long eighteenth century" to cover the period 1688-1832 and postulated that there is an integrity in this period which is broken when 1714 or 1789 are used as chronological boundaries. He has had significant success in the intervening years in getting other historians (and especially historians of English Christianity) to adopt this chronological scheme. In the second edition he not only defends the concept of the long eighteenth century, but even extends it to 1060-1832. For this period in English constitutional and political history, Clark continues to stress the importance of continuities, collectivities, and religion as opposed to the twentieth-century values of change, radical individualism, and secularism. As in the earlier edition, Clark wants to eliminate the anachronistic use of terms (such as class, conservatism, enlightenment, industrial revolution, liberalism, modernization, nationalism, radicalism, and secularisation). To describe the period, he uses terms from it (such as anti-Catholicism. Arians, Deism, Dissenters, freethinkers, Jacobinism, Jacobitism. Nonjurors, and Old Corruption). And he treats many terms in their original sense rather than in their later sense (such as democracy, emancipation, high church, latitudinarianism. Methodism, reform, republicanism, revolution and the Revolution [1088], society, toleration, and Unitarianism). Although he does not use the phrase himself, he effectively lets eighteenth-century people think eighteenth-century thoughts. For the most part, this is extremely useful and helps the reader better understand how many of those persons understood and experienced their own world. But there are also some problems associated with this approach. …


A geological map of part of the western Namaqua mobile belt, 3200 km 2 in extent (scale of 1:100 000), has been compiled with the aid of a sequence mapping technique. The map shows the distribution of the lithostratigraphic units and the macroscopic structural development, including the thrust fault boundaries between four Proterozoic structural terranes. Most of the study region is in the Pofadder terrane, which is characterized by the metamorphic equivalents of 2.0 Ga calc-alkaline eruptive rocks (Haib Subgroup), granites (Vioolsdrif and Little Namaqualand Suites), and metasedimentary sequences (Pella Subgroup). The intense deformation and metamorphism of the region is ascribed to the Namaqua Orogeny (1.4-1.1 Ga), which largely overprinted the effects of an earlier regional deformation. Progressive ductile shear deformation was responsible for the production of a regional subhorizontal fabric comprising coplanar and colinear elements. The map represents part of the root zone of a region of Proterozoic crustal thickening, illustrating the deformational style of the Kibaran belts. Collectively, the facts presented in this paper provide a window into mid-crustal features during compressional tectonics in the Mesoproterozoic.


BACKGROUND
Interest in protein-phenol interactions in biological systems has grown substantially in recent decades.

METHODS
The interest has focused largely on food systems in response to reports on the prominent roles of phenolic compounds in nutrition and health.

RESULTS
Phenolic compounds can have both favourable and adverse nutritional effects. Polyphenols are widely known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antiaging properties; however, they have also been ascribed anti-nutritional effects resulting from interactions with some proteins and enzymes. Interactions between proteins and polyphenols can additionally influence food quality by altering some physical-chemical and sensory properties of foods. These effects may be useful to develop new products in food science and technology provided the nature of physical-chemical interactions between proteins and phenols is accurately elucidated. In this paper, we review the different possible modes of interaction between selected food proteins and phenolic compounds.

CONCLUSION
Existing knowledge on the mechanisms behind polyphenol-protein reactions, the structures of the resulting products and their potential uses is reviewed.


In this paper, we deal with the problem of estimating the disturbance covariance matrix for radar signal processing applications, when a limited number of training data is present. We determine the maximum likelihood (ML) estimator of the covariance matrix starting from a set of secondary data, assuming a special covariance structure (i.e., the sum of a positive semi-definite matrix plus a term proportional to the identity), and a condition number upper-bound constraint. We show that the formulated constrained optimization problem falls within the class of MAXDET problems and develop an efficient procedure for its solution in closed form. Remarkably, the computational complexity of the algorithm is of the same order as the eigenvalue decomposition of the sample covariance matrix. At the analysis stage, we assess the performance of the proposed algorithm in terms of achievable signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) both for a spatial and a Doppler processing. The results show that interesting SINR improvements, with respect to some existing covariance matrix estimation techniques, can be achieved.


Adult T-cell leukemia/ lymphoma (ATL/ATL) is an aggressive form of CD4+ T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. The primary cause of this fatal disease is infection by human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) (1-3). ATL was first identified in Japan by Takatsuki et al. in 1977 (4). The Japanese Lymphoma Study Group proposed four subtypes of ATL such as acute, lymphoma, chronic, and smoldering in 1991 (5). Up to now, though there are several new therapies have been developed, no curative regimen is accepted for the treatment of ATL.


Disease is one of obstacle in fish culture. Immunity of fish against disease can be increased by using immunostimulant. The purpose of this experiment to increasing immunity of cantik hybrid grouper (cross breeding of tiger grouper , Epinephelus fuscoguttatus female with marbled grouper, E. polyphekadion male) to the diseases by using immunostimulant. Treatments were LPS cell walls of V. alginolyticus and commercial LPS was also used in this study, as a-control without LPS was used saline water (0.85% NaCl). The LPS was delivered by injection intra-muscularly with concentration of 0.1 mL/fish. This experiment was design by completely randomized with 3 replicates. Results showed that LPS were effective to increase titer antibody values and survival rates of cantik hybrid grouper. The titer antibody value s of fish after 90 days rearing period were 128 (LPS from V. alginolyticus ), 64 (commercial LPS), and only 4 in the control fish. The survival rates at the end of experiment were 88.67 ± 3.62% (LPS from V. alginolyticus ), 85.22±5.93% (commercial LPS), and only 50.13 ± 6.11% in the control fish. Relative percentage survival of fish following challenged with live V. alginolyticus were 77.46% in the received LPS from V. alginolyticus cell wall and 71.12% in the fish received commercial LPS. It is suggested that LPS effective to increase immunity of cantik hybrid grouper against bacterial infection. Keywords :  cantik hybrid grouper, immunity, lipopolysa c charide, Vibrio alginolyticus


The development of good quality and affordable ultrasound machines has led to the establishment and implementation of numerous point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) protocols in various medical disciplines. POCUS for major infectious diseases endemic in tropical regions has received less attention, despite its likely even more pronounced benefit for populations with limited access to imaging infrastructure. Focused assessment with sonography for HIV-associated TB (FASH) and echinococcosis (FASE) are the only two POCUS protocols for tropical infectious diseases, which have been formally investigated and which have been implemented in routine patient care today. This review collates the available evidence for FASH and FASE, and discusses sonographic experiences reported for urinary and intestinal schistosomiasis, lymphatic filariasis, viral hemorrhagic fevers, amebic liver abscess, and visceral leishmaniasis. Potential POCUS protocols are suggested and technical as well as training aspects in the context of resource-limited settings are reviewed. Using the focused approach for tropical infectious diseases will make ultrasound diagnosis available to patients who would otherwise have very limited or no access to medical imaging.


Responding to a 'silence' in the critical discourse of environmental education on the role of theology, this study is a Critical Discourse Analysis of the Victorian Certificate of Education (VCE) subject 'Religion and Society', offered to Year 11 and 12 secondary school students in the State of Victoria, Australia. This subject is analysed in terms of how it potentially constructs environmentally problematic assumptions, and its potential revision to foster greater contestation of such assumptions. An ecotheological conceptual framework was developed by distilling key concepts from a range of authors contributing to: an historical discourse concerning causes of the environmental crisis; the ecotheological discourse on links between theological understandings and nature, and; the critical discourse of environmental education. Over the past thirty years the critical discourse of environmental education facilitated an altered perspective in education on the earth's ecological situation, from 'environmental crisis' to an 'environmentally problematic human condition'. It identifies this condition as one where human identity is fragmented by the Scientific Paradigm. The ecotheological discourse characterises this condition as lack of self-love perpetuated by capitalist economic interests playing on deep archetypal forces within human identity. Environmentally problematic assumptions, then, are assumptions about self which are inherent in fragmented identity and lack of self-love. From an educational perspective, discipline and wisdom emerge as crucial concepts from the ecotheological discourse. When the critical discourse of environmental education is analysed in light of these, the notion of 'disciplines of identity' emerges – discipline of body, gender, culture, and narrative. New understandings of 'interdisciplinarity' emerge – conceptual relationships between these disciplines, and the work towards reconciliation between them, towards unifying identity. New understandings of 'transdisciplinarity' emerge – in this reconciliation the identity transcends its disciplines of body, gender, culture, and narrative. This reconciliation leads to intelligibility and accountability in individual identity and life narrative, which is transcended by resulting enhancing relationships with self, others, and nature. Self-knowledge, or wisdom, is necessarily developed in this process. Based on the application of the ecotheological framework, VCE 'Religion and Society' is found to construct environmentally problematic assumptions through the following interrelated characteristics: direct linkage to the bureaucratic selection process into the Victorian tertiary education system; likely emphasis on the economic imperative of maximising entry opportunities into this system, rather than on exploration of the 'great questions of life' for the sake of self-knowledge or wisdom; competitiveness, and emphasis on rational analysis rather than synthesis and creativity, in the exploration of the non-rational 'great questions of life'. This study found that VCE 'Religion and Society' could be critically revised to foster greater contestation of environmentally problematic assumptions by: overtly facilitating student exploration of the 'great questions of life' in relation to their own identities and life narratives; emphasising and assessing depth of engagement, rather than 'performance', in this exploration; emphasising creative expression in relation to this exploration, and; structuring the curriculum around the disciplines of body, gender, culture, and narrative. More generally, this study contributes broader understandings to the critical discourse of environmental education, and to future transdisciplinary research efforts.


This research is aimed to examine the influence of corporate social
responsibility (CSR) of stock return (using CAR as a proxy) on the company's
environmentally sensitive category and does not follow the PROPER from 2008-
2009. Analysis of CSR in this research are based on environment and social
parameters. It also uses PBV and DER as control variables.
The samples which are use in this research are 68 annual report of
companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange in the 2008-2009. Samples are
obtained by using purposive sampling method. Hypothesis testing method used is
multiple regression analysis.
The result showed only partially CSR (social) variables, which has
positive influence on stock return. While CSR variables (environment) variables
did not affect the stock return. The result simultaneously with control variables
indicate that the variables of CSR (environment) and CSR (social) positive effect
on stock return.


Abstract. In recent years, there has been a significant improvement in the detection, identification and classification of objects and images using Convolutional Neural Networks. To study the potential of the Convolutional Neural Network, in this paper three approaches are investigated to train classifiers based on Convolutional Neural Networks. These approaches allow Convolutional Neural Networks to be trained on datasets containing only a few hundred training samples, which results in a successful classification. Two of these approaches are based on the concept of transfer learning. In the first approach features, created by a pretrained Convolutional Neural Network, are used for a classification using a support vector machine. In the second approach a pretrained Convolutional Neural Network gets fine-tuned on a different data set. The third approach includes the design and training for flat Convolutional Neural Networks from the scratch. The evaluation of the proposed approaches is based on a data set provided by the IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society (GRSS) which contains RGB and LiDAR data of an urban area. In this work it is shown that these Convolutional Neural Networks lead to classification results with high accuracy both on RGB and LiDAR data. Features which are derived by RGB data transferred into LiDAR data by transfer learning lead to better results in classification in contrast to RGB data. Using a neural network which contains fewer layers than common neural networks leads to the best classification results. In this framework, it can furthermore be shown that the practical application of LiDAR images results in a better data basis for classification of vehicles than the use of RGB images.


[Publisher's Description]:
In the contemporary dialogue surrounding business Web strategy, two salient concerns indicating trouble in virtual space are emerging: (1) that the Internet may create additional managerial problems, and (2) that it may not actually be a solution for corporate problems. Empirical studies point to a lack of sound managerial Web strategy as well as a mismatch between a firm's Web strategy and its business strategy.

Business Web Strategy: Design, Alignment, and Application addresses the gap in business Web strategy through a collection of concentrated managerial issues. Gathering the latest theoretical frameworks, case studies, and authoritative research, this in-depth collection will be a powerful tool for managers, consultants, and trainers in their efforts to maximize the power of the Web to support business strategy, and a rich reference for academics, researchers and students in the field of Web strategy.


The organisational websites and second-generation web-based technologies like social media have led organisations to alter their activities and strategies both internally and exter-nally. This marriage between Internet and organisations is especially relevant in the case of political organisations like parties. Politics in our society is basically media politics, based on socialised communication and the capacity to influence people's opinions. Online com munication has had a direct influence on the parties' publics and the relations with them: on one side, the citizens, and on the other, the mass media and journalists. While top-down adaptations by organisations generally prove more costly or are even non-existent, what we are witnessing is a horizontal type of adaptation [2]. This gives the political class and press offices the opportunity to descend to 'street level' using the tools provided by the web, as well as to become direct communicators that replace the media's traditional work of inter -pretation. In this context, this chapter offers results from a study (EHUA13/10) centred on understanding how political parties have adapted their communication strategies to meet the challenges of the multimedia paradigm. For that purpose, it focuses on a concrete case and on political parties with representation in the Basque autonomous parliament.


Abstract. The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) has repeatedly expressed concern over the increasing number of impact cases of wind turbine farms on weather radars. Current signal processing techniques to mitigate wind turbine clutter (WTC) are scarce, so the most practical approach to this issue is the assessment of the potential interference from a wind farm before it is installed. To do so, and in order to obtain a WTC reflectivity model, it is crucial to estimate the radar cross section (RCS) of the wind turbines to be built, which represents the power percentage of the radar signal that is backscattered to the radar receiver. For the proposed model, a representative scenario has been chosen in which both the weather radar and the wind farm are placed on clear areas; i.e., wind turbines are supposed to be illuminated only by the lowest elevation angles of the radar beam. This paper first characterizes the RCS of wind turbines in the weather radar frequency bands by means of computer simulations based on the physical optics theory and then proposes a simplified model to estimate wind turbine RCS values. This model is of great help in the evaluation of the potential impact of a certain wind farm on the weather radar operation.


The effect of stepped solution treatment on the mechanical properties and the microstructure of AA7085 have been investigated compared to AA7050. Optical and electron microscopy observation and electron probe microanalysis were used to analyze the microstructure and tensile fracture surface of AA7085 and AA7050 processed via various treatment schedules. Besides, X-ray diffractometer and differential scanning calorimeter were used to seek the differences of microstructure characters between AA7085 and AA7050. The results indicate that higher content of Zn along with lower content of Mg and Cu and strictly confined Fe and Si made the matrix of AA7085 get a larger single phase and a higher melting temperature of multi-phase eutectics. By using a lower temperature pretreatment, the initial melting temperature of the alloys can be increased. Consequently complete dissolution of remnant constituents was achieved without overheating. Based on thermodynamics statistic theory, the supersaturation degree of the matrix and the density of cavity may be increased with the elevation of the lattermost solution temperature, which resultes in the increase of fracture toughness and optimization of the microstructure after aging.


This study investigated the distribution and determinants of HIV risks among married couples in North India. Gender inequality emerged as a potential driver of HIV risks in this region. Data collection took place in 2003 in a probability survey of 3385 couples living in India's most populous state – Uttar Pradesh – and Uttaranchal. Couples' analyses utilizing generalized estimating equations showed that compared with husbands, wives were less knowledgeable about HIV (OR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.27–0.36), more likely to consider themselves at risk for infection (OR = 6.86, 95% CI = 4.65–10.13), and less likely to feel that a wife had the right to refuse sex with her husband (OR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.44–0.58). The proportion of husbands reporting non-marital sex in the past year was 7.1% and transactional sex in the past year, 2.2%. Among their wives, 73.4% were unaware of their husbands' non-marital sexual behaviors and only 28.9% of husbands reported condom use during their last non-marital sexual encounter. Logistic regression analyses showed that husbands' alcohol use, husbands' mobility, and urban residence were positively associated with husbands' non-marital sexual behaviors adjusting for other covariates. The data demonstrate that HIV prevention programs among couples in North India should consider both sexual risks and gender inequalities which potentially fuel HIV spread in this region.


The spatial distribution of the seismicity of the Arthur's Pass region in South Island, New Zealand, shows that earthquakes occur within the crust in definite subparallel zones, each with an east-northeast trend. Composite focal mechanism solutions indicate that the compressive axis is oriented approximately west-northwest, with an average slip direction of N72°E. Comparisons between the 1973 study described here and one conducted in 1972 reveal no differences in the spatial and temporal distributions of the seismicity. Tectonically, the region can be considered as one in which transference of motion between the Alpine fault and the Hikurangi Trench is occurring. This tectonic situation, coupled with the shoaling of the Benioff zone associated with a southward migration of the Hikurangi Trench, suggests that the deformation in the Arthur's Pass region has occurred within the past 2 m.y. This region has marked similarities with the Transverse Ranges area of the San Andreas fault zone in southern California. Both regions are located where two different tectonic and seismic "styles" merge – namely, where a master fault, with its associated seismic activity consisting of infrequent great earthquakes separated by long periods of quiescence, branches into a system of splay faults having a moderate to high level of continuous activity, with the occurrence of large earthquakes. The regions do differ, however, in that the long quiet zone on the Alpine fault is oblique to the slip vector between plates, whereas similar zones of the San Andreas fault are both parallel and nonparallel to the slip vector. This suggests that long quiet zones of strike-slip faults are not a consequence solely of the orientation of a fault with respect to the direction of relative motion between plates.


Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma is reduced in pulmonary arteries (PAs) of patients with PA hypertension (PAH), and we reported that deletion of PPARgamma in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of transgenic mice results in PAH. However, the sequelae of loss of PPARgamma in PA endothelial cells (ECs) are unknown. Therefore, we bred Tie2-Cre mice with PPARgamma(flox/flox) mice to induce EC loss of PPARgamma (Tie2 PPARgamma(-/-)), and we assessed PAH by right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), RV hypertrophy (RVH), and muscularized distal PAs in room air (RA), after chronic hypoxia (CH), and after 4 wk of recovery in RA (Rec-RA). The Tie2 PPARgamma(-/-) mice developed spontaneous PAH in RA with increased RVSP, RVH, and muscularized PAs vs. wild type (WT); both genotypes exhibited a similar degree of PAH following chronic hypoxia, but Tie2 PPARgamma(-/-) mice had more residual PAH compared with WT mice after Rec-RA. The Tie2 PPARgamma(-/-) vs. WT mice in RA had increased platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta (PDGF-Rbeta) expression and signaling, despite an elevation in the PPARgamma target apolipoprotein E, an inhibitor of PDGF signaling. Inhibition of PDGF-Rbeta signaling with imatinib, however, was sufficient to reverse the PAH observed in the Tie2 PPARgamma(-/-) mice. Thus the disruption of PPARgamma signaling in EC is sufficient to cause mild PAH and to impair recovery from CH-induced PAH. Inhibition of heightened PDGF-Rbeta signaling is sufficient to reverse PAH in this genetic model.


The hoatzin (Opisthocomus hoazin Müller, 1776) is a folivorous bird, endemic to the Amazonian region. It presents some unique characteristics, including wing claws and foregut fermentation, which make its phylogenetic relationship to other birds difficult to determine. There have been various attempts to place it among the Galliformes, Gruiformes, Musophagiformes, Cuculiformes, and Charadriiformes, but phylogenetic analyses always show low supporting values. Nowadays, the hoatzin is included in the monotypic order Opisthocomiformes, but the relationship of this order to other groups of birds is still unclear. Although its karyotype resembles the typical avian model, fissions of the syntenic groups corresponding to chicken chromosomes 1 and 2 and 2 fusions were found. The presence of 18S rDNA clusters in 2 pairs of microchromosomes is another derived character. Hence, different rearrangements were detected in the karyotype of the hoatzin, indicating it has been derived from the putative ancestral karyotype by the occurrence of fissions and fusions. However, as these rearrangements are not exclusive to O. hoazin, they do not clarify the phylogenetic position of this enigmatic species.


Spiritualism is a religious movement based on communication with the spirits of the dead that originated in New York State in 1848. From its inception, members of the movement claimed that communication with the spirits of the dead was not only a possibility, but was in fact "scientifically" verifiable. Attempts were made throughout the nineteenth century to establish the "truth" of Spiritualist claims to scientific legitimacy. Although there are no longer any overt connections between Spiritualism and the scientific establishment, contemporary Spiritualists continue to insist that their beliefs are in accord with "science." Drawing upon fieldwork with contemporary Spiritualists in Hamilton, Ontario and Lily Dale, New York, this dissertation argues that scientific language and symbols have been incorporated into contemporary Spiritualist discourse to articulate and legitimate the claim that Spiritualist experiences are "true" in a "scientific," empirical sense. An examination of Spiritualist healing, mediumship and narrative practice reveals the extent to which the discourse of "science" has become the means by which the "reality" and "truth" of Spiritualist beliefs are affirmed. In articulating the "truth" of Spiritualist experience and the "reality" of the spirit hypothesis, the language and symbols of science are transformed into a sacred discourse that at once legitimates and affirms Spiritualist beliefs while simultaneously criticizing the "narrow" limits of orthodox science. For many contemporary Spiritualists, "science" has become the language in which religious truth claims are expressed.


In addition to the prescriptive method used in design, the fire resistance of reinforced concrete structures under various fire scenarios needs to be assessed by combined heat transfer and structural analysis. The available numerical simulations of heat transfer analysis are complicated techniques and require an expert user. To predict temperature within rectangular sections of normal concrete subjected to fire loads in two directions, the energy based method is proposed as an alternative method. The method is based on a pre-determined power function as the temperature profile, and conservation of energy: it can be implemented in a spreadsheet. The analysis of two dimensional heat transfer is approximated by superposition of one-dimensional solutions. Benchmarking against FEM analysis of various sections shows that an exponent 2.6 performs well to predict the temperature. By comparing the temperature prediction with the previous experimental and FEM results, the method is validated. The method is suitable for various monotonically increasing fire curves and various convection and radiation heat transfers. However, the method has its limitations; in particular the lowest temperature in the sections needs to remain less than 0.2 times the highest, or the energy estimated becomes inaccurate. Generally, the method can be used to approximately predict the temperature profile as well as the temperature at the reinforcing location: knowledge of these is necessary for fire safety design.


Previous studies have demonstrated that the knockdown or knockout of the three Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) isoforms, NCX1, NCX2, and NCX3, worsens ischemic brain damage. This suggests that the activation of these antiporters exerts a neuroprotective action against stroke damage. However, drugs able to increase the activity of NCXs are not yet available. We have here succeeded in synthesizing a new compound, named neurounina-1 (7-nitro-5-phenyl-1-(pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)-1H-benzo[e][1,4]diazepin-2(3H)-one), provided with an high lipophilicity index and able to increase NCX activity. Ca2+ radiotracer, Fura-2 microfluorimetry, and patch-clamp techniques revealed that neurounina-1 stimulated NCX1 and NCX2 activities with an EC50 in the picomolar to low nanomolar range, whereas it did not affect NCX3 activity. Furthermore, by using chimera strategy and site-directed mutagenesis, three specific molecular determinants of NCX1 responsible for neurounina-1 activity were identified in the α-repeats. Interestingly, NCX3 became responsive to neurounina-1 when both α-repeats were replaced with the corresponding regions of NCX1. In vitro studies showed that 10 nM neurounina-1 reduced cell death of primary cortical neurons exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation followed by reoxygenation. Moreover, in vitro, neurounina-1 also reduced γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) release, enhanced GABAA currents, and inhibited both glutamate release and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors. More important, neurounina-1 proved to have a wide therapeutic window in vivo. Indeed, when administered at doses of 0.003 to 30 μg/kg i.p., it was able to reduce the infarct volume of mice subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion even up to 3 to 5 hours after stroke onset. Collectively, the present study shows that neurounina-1 exerts a remarkable neuroprotective effect during stroke and increases NCX1 and NCX2 activities.


Purpose To identify the risk factors for development of peripapillary retinal splitting (schisis) in patients with glaucoma or suspicion of glaucoma Setting Glaucoma Clinic, Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL Methods In this institutional cross-sectional study, 495 patients (990 eyes) who had undergone spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT Spectralis HRA-OCT, Heidelberg Engineering) optic nerve head (ONH) imaging and did not have identifiable optic nerve pits, pseudopits or coloboma were included. OCT scans were reviewed by two observers. Main outcome measures Presence of peripapillary retinal splitting identified on OCT raster scans. Results Eleven of 990 glaucoma and glaucoma suspect eyes (1.1%) of 7 patients (2 females, 5 males, mean age 64.5 ± 9.2 years) had peripapillary retinal splitting. Two of these 11 eyes had extension of the splitting into the macula but none to the fovea. Of these 11 patients, 2 (28.6%) were glaucoma suspects, 3 (42.9%) had primary open-angle glaucoma, 1 (14.3%) had chronic angle-closure glaucoma and 1 (14.3%) had pigmentary glaucoma. 7/11 (63.6%) eyes had vitreous traction to the disc visualized on OCT and 6/11 eyes (54.5%) had beta-zone peripapillary atrophy. Conclusions We observed peripapillary retinal splitting in 1.1% of a series of 990 glaucoma and glaucoma-suspect eyes. Evidence of adherent vitreous with traction and peripapillary atrophy was found in a majority of the involved eyes. A comparison to an age and axial length matched cohort is required to determine if this is a condition that is associated with glaucoma.


Background/aim Ischemia on the colon wall negatively affects healing of anastomosis. We were aimed to evaluate the effects of carbon monoxide releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2) on the healing of anastomosis in a rat model of the ischemic colon. Materials and methods In this prospective study a total of 60 rats were randomly divided into three groups as colon transection and end-to-end anastomosis (Group I), colon transection, and end-to-end anastomosis following the induction of ischemia (Group II), and colon transection and end-to-end anastomosis following the induction of ischemia and treated with daily intraperitoneal administration of CORM-2 (Group III). Each group was also divided into two equal subgroups as postoperative 3rd and 7th day. Postoperative healing of anastomoses was evaluated by anastomosis burst pressure (ABP), tissue biomarkers including hydroxyproline (HP), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and histopathological findings. Results In the ischemic group treated with CORM-2, lower MDA and higher HP levels were observed in comparison to the untreated ischemic group on the 3rdday. GSH and HP levels were higher and MDA levels was lower in the ischemic rats treated with CORM-2 than in the ischemic untreated rats on the 7th day. In the ischemic group treated with CORM-2, the mucosal epithelial score decreased and the neoangiogenesis score increased compared to the untreated rats on the 7th day. Conclusion In ischemic colon anastomosis, reduces cell destruction by suppressing the oxidative reaction, and strengthening the antioxidative mechanisms of the cells. It also increases collagen formation, epithelial development, and neoangiogenesis.


Compared with conventional farms, organic farms are expected to be more diverse, less specialized and less intensive, and organic farms as a group are expected to contribute to a more uniform regional distribution of farm types. Data on farm size, crop distribution and livestock intensity prior to conversion and planned after conversion on 448 Danish farms, which began conversion to organic farming in 1997, are presented in adressing two questions: 1) what features characterize Danish farms that convert from conventional to organic farming ?, 2) what do the farms convert to: do farm types, stocking rates and crop distribution change with conversion ? In 1997, dairy farms dominated among the converting farms in acreage, and a large majority (80-97%) of the farmers of all farm types planned to continue with the same type of production system after conversion as they had before. Thus, the regional pattern in organic farm types will be similar to that which characterize conventional farms. Although the total number of livestock units on the 448 converting farms is planned to increase by 6% following conversion to organic farming, the converting farms are well below-average in stocking rates compared with all Danish farms both before and after conversion. Farmers plan changes in crop distribution when converting: a 20% decrease in the acreage for cereal production, a doubling of the acreage for grassland in rotation, a decrease in acreages for setaside, row crops and oilseed rape, with roughage and seeds unchanged. Planned changes in crop distribution differ between farm types. The need for including aspects of diversity and intensity of production on both farm and higher scales in the evaluation of future directions in organic farming is discussed.


Classical microcontact printing and polymer pen lithography (PPL) involve ink transfer to substrates using solid elastomeric stamps. Ink depletion thus limits the number of successive stamping steps without reinking. Porous stamps developed to overcome this limitation are used only for manual proof‐of‐principle experiments. Here, porous composite stamps for scanner‐based capillary stamping (SCS) that can be mounted on automated printing devices designed for PPL are developed. Porous SCS composite stamps consist of a rigid controlled porous silica glass (CPG) layer and a porous polymeric stamping layer. The latter can be topographically structured with contact elements by replication molding. The mechanical stabilization by the CPG layer ensures that the contact elements are coplanar. SCS allows automated, continuous, high‐throughput patterning enabled by ink supply through the porous SCS composite stamps. Even after more than 800 consecutive stamp–substrate contacts without reinking (the porous SCS composite stamps themselves are used as ink reservoirs), ink microdroplets are deposited without deterioration of the pattern quality. However, SCS also allows supply of additional ink during ongoing stamping operations through the pore systems of the porous SCS composite stamps. SCS can easily be adapted for multi‐ink patterning and may pave the way for further upscaling of contact lithography.


Mechanical shock is a common problem that is present in many situations, such as ground motion, blast, explosions, crash, and impact. The development of passive, active, or adaptive control and isolation strategies for shock-induced vibration has experienced recent interest, typically due to the increasing demand in improved isolation requirements for sensitive equipment subjected to harsh environments. This paper presents a review of some of the significant recent works developed in the field, focusing on novel developments that contribute to the shock isolation. The article explores several isolation approaches considering passive, active, and nonlinear systems discussing both theoretical and experimental results. In addition, important outcomes of the work are reviewed. The paper concludes with suggestions for potential developments, applications, and recommendations for future research.


Abstract Based on the high rates of injection drug use and infectious disease such as HIV, HCV and tuberculosis in their home country, immigrants from the Former Soviet Union (FSU) comprise a high-risk population in the United States. Yet, little is known about their drug abuse and health problems relative to other immigrant populations like Hispanics. The objectives of this exploratory study were to identify disease risk behavior, and utilization of and barriers to treatment services among drug using immigrants from the FSU. Focused interviews were conducted with 27 public officials and administrators in New York City. This study found that FSU immigrants tend to have culturally unique drug abuse patterns and behavior, such as rapid transition to injection drug use, and suspicion and avoidance of traditional drug treatment approaches. The findings of this exploratory study point to the need for further research and the need to take immediate steps to promote culturally appropriate treatment and prevention services that can address the spread of harmful behavior that threatens the public health of FSU immigrants and Others.


Summary

1. The freshwater crayfish Cherax dispar (Decapoda: Parastacidae) inhabits coastal regions and islands of South East Queensland, Australia. We hypothesised that populations of C. dispar on different islands would be more genetically divergent from each other than populations from different drainages within the same island or on the mainland.

2. Phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses were conducted on two mitochondrial genes (cytochrome oxidase subunit I & 16S ribosomal DNA) and one nuclear gene (Internal Transcribed Spacer region 2). Phylogeographic patterns were compared with those for other freshwater organisms in the area.

3. Deep genetic divergences were found within C. dispar, including four highly divergent (up to 20%) clades. The geographic distribution of each of the clades revealed strong latitudinal structuring along the coast rather than structuring among the islands. The high genetic divergence observed among the C. dispar clades was estimated to have pre-dated island formation and may represent ancient river drainage patterns.

4. A restricted distribution was observed for the most divergent clade, which was discovered only on two of the sand islands (North Stradbroke Island and Moreton Island). Furthermore, strong phylogeographic structuring was observed within this clade on North Stradbroke Island, where no haplotypes were shared between samples from opposite sides of the island. This low connectivity within the island supports the idea that C. dispar rarely disperse terrestrially (i.e. across watersheds).


Background: The association of in vitro fertilisation (IVF) and DNA methylation has been studied predominantly at regulatory regions of imprinted genes and at just thousands of the ~28 million CpG sites in the human genome. Methods: We investigated the links between IVF and DNA methylation patterns in whole cord blood cells (n = 98) and cord blood mononuclear cells (n = 82) from newborn twins using genome-wide methylated DNA immunoprecipitation coupled with deep sequencing. Results: At a false discovery rate (FDR) of 5%, we identified one significant whole blood DNA methylation change linked to conception via IVF, which was located ~3 kb upstream of TNP1, a gene previously linked to male infertility. The 46 most strongly associated signals (FDR of 25%) included a second region in a gene also previously linked to infertility, C9orf3, suggesting that our findings may in part capture the effect of parental subfertility. Using twin modelling, we observed that individual-specific environmental factors appear to be the main overall contributors of methylation variability at the FDR 25% IVF-associated differentially methylated regions, although evidence for methylation heritability was also obtained at several of these regions. We replicated previous findings of differential methylation associated with IVF at the H19/IGF2 region in cord blood mononuclear cells, and we validated the signal at C9orf3 in monozygotic twins. We also explored the impact of intracytoplasmic sperm injection on the FDR 25% signals for potential effects specific to male or female infertility factors. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive study of DNA methylation profiles at birth and IVF conception to date, and our results show evidence for epigenetic modifications that may in part reflect parental subfertility.


This is the first reported case in the emergency medicine literature of a drug interaction between warfarin and fluconazole. We present a case of spinal epidural haematoma and summarize four other case reports reported elsewhere from 1988 to 1996. We admonish emergency physicians to be aware of this dangerous drug combination. Warfarin and fluconazole are frequently encountered drugs in the emergency department and thus any interaction between these drugs is of considerable importance.


Introduction Guidance from the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence in 20071 has led to the almost universal use of early warning scores (EWS) derived from vital signs observations in hospitals in the UK to highlight patients at risk of deterioration. Lack of high quality prospective studies limits our understanding of the impact of using such monitoring systems on outcomes and working patterns. No EWS has been validated in respiratory patients despite widespread use. Our aim was to examine the ability of both the locally used EWS and National Early Warning Score (NEWS) to predict patient deterioration and associated burden of escalations generated in a respiratory cohort. Methods Vital signs observations and outcomes for all admissions under the respiratory department at a tertiary referral centre between April 2015 and March 2016 were analysed. Predicted and actual escalation patterns in relation to primary endpoint of mortality were examined comparing NEWS to local EWS. Patients documented as receiving end of life care were removed from analysis. Results Over 12 months there were 165,184 observations sets during 5293 admissions, with a mean of 38 observations per admission (standard deviation 50). Occurrence of primary endpoint of in-hospital death was 6.74%. 13% of observations triggered clinical escalation to a registered nurse or beyond, with mean of 1075 per month. 112 (31%) patients who died did not trigger escalation on their final set of observations, 1 patient was escalated despite scoring below protocol threshold. Applying NEWS criteria retrospectively predicts 6 patients who died would not be escalated, while generating a mean of 12,409 escalations of vital signs observations per month to registered nurse or beyond, 1,621 in patients who went on to die in hospital. Conclusion Our data suggests that neither scoring system provides effective monitoring in patients with respiratory disease, falling short on either sensitivity or specificity for predicting in-hospital death. As more data becomes available, modelling may allow more accurate prediction systems to be developed. Reference Adam S, et al. Acutely ill adults in hospital: recognising and responding to deterioration. In NICE guidelines. Manchester: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), 2007. Abstract P194 Figure 1 Percentage of early warning score within last observation set prior to death


A RELATIVELY SIMPLE method for implanting fetal tissue within the human basal ganglia is described. Stereotactic techniques are used to deposit 14 to 16 strands of fetal mesencephalic tissue in a linear array within the putamen bilaterally. To eliminate the need for targeting each needle pass independently, we have devised a novel rotating template/micromanipulator apparatus that can be mounted on a Cosman-Roberts-Wells stereotactic frame. The template contains two parallel columns of nine holes, all spaced at 4-mm intervals. It can be aligned to the longitudinal axis of the putamen and targeted with coordinates for the center point of the putamen. Surgery is performed on an awake patient. Short-term morbidity (4-6 wk) in the form of variability of Parkinsonian signs, particularly "off" symptoms and mild confusion, appears to be the rule with simultaneous bilateral implants.


Psalm 32 is widely regarded as a psalm of thanksgiving with elements of wisdom poetry intermingled into it. The wisdom elements are variously explained as having been present from the beginning, or as having been added to a foundational composition. Such views of the Gattung have had a decisive influence on the interpretation of the psalm. This article argues, on the basis of a structural analysis, that Psalm 32 should be understood as a homogeneous wisdom composition. The parallel and inverse structure of its two stanzas demonstrate that the aim of its author was to encourage the upright to foster an open, intimate relationship with Yahweh in which transgressions are confessed and Yahweh's benevolent guidance on the way of life is wisely accepted.


In other studies conducted by previous researchers comparing the results of the different methods of temperature measurement, a variety of significant and non-significant results have been seen. The purpose of this comparative research was to compare body temperature measurements taken using a glass mercury thermometer and a digital axillary thermometer on adult patients at a hospital in Bandung, Indonesia. The two groups' independent t-test was used to determine the difference. Twenty-two participants were chosen using convenience sampling technique. The data was collected using a mercury thermometer and digital axillary thermometer on the right axilla of each sample. The results show that the temperature of the body by using mercury thermometer and digital axilla is 38.6682  ± 0,58585 and 38,5636 ± 0,57366 respectively. The significance (2-tailed) of the statistical independent t-test results is p=0.553. The conclusion is that there are no significant differences in the body temperature measurements between a mercury thermometer and a digital thermometer on adult patients. The results of this study may allow for subsequent research into different modes of clinical measurements.


Gene rearrangement and monoclonality have been detected in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs). The semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to amplify IgH and the mixed PCR to TCR gamma gene rearrangements. Monoclonal band was observed in 77% of B-cell NHLs with IgH primers and 91% of T-cell NHLs with TCR gamma primers. The results show that PCR is more valuable in determining the clonality and lineage of the tumor. Moreover, 3 cases of "borderline" lymphoid hyperplasia showed clonal bands of IgH and TCR gamma gene rearrangements and follow-up studies found that one patient died of the disease 13 months after biopsy. Presumably, gene rearrangement analysis plays a significant role in the discovery of early stage disease. In comparison with Southern blot, PCR is simple, more convenient and rapid. Furthermore, no isotope is required and can be used in paraffin embedded sections, cytologic specimens and other materials. This technique can therefore be used in daily clinical diagnosis.