We have developed an easy, low-cost, and low-temperature optoelectronic hermetic packaging technology utilizing the eutectic SnPb solder and the Cr/Ni/Cu bonding pad. Bonding characteristics of the design were investigated in three different setups: silicon-silicon, silicon-glass, and glass-glass samples. Hermeticity was achieved at 200 degC without flux for all samples during the final bonding process. The bonding pads did not dewet during or after the reflow process. By utilizing the eutectic SnPb solder, the self-alignment process can be achieved. Because the bonding process was conducted through visual alignment, original misalignment was estimated to be more than 100 mum. The surface tension of melting solder during the reflow process allowed the samples to self-align and obtain a misalignment of less than 20 mum after solidification, which was 4% of the entire solder width. The bonding strength of the three setups ranged from 3 to 10 MPa. Among the three setups, glass-glass samples appear to have the strongest bonding strength. This low-temperature and cost-effective soldering process has demonstrated its feasibility and potential utilization in optoelectronic packaging


ISSUE ADDRESSED
Human actions have led to a range of global environmental changes. Health professionals must be prepared to deliver systemic changes to mitigate and adapt to the ecological crisis. This rapid review aimed to describe exemplar frameworks that inform planetary health education across health professions.

METHODS
The rapid review methodology was informed by a scoping review process. A targeted search strategy was conducted using one representative database and additional strategies such as expert consultation and citation searching were used. Results are described narratively.

RESULTS
Of the 11 637 articles, 17 were eligible for inclusion. The frameworks differed, with many recently developed for health professions broadly using a range of methodologies, including qualitative research, opinion/consensus data, literature reviews, and adaptation of previous models. Models such as metric-based scoring indicators and Sustainable Quality Improvement were featured in the frameworks, as were the application of First Nations Natural Laws.

CONCLUSION
This rapid review identifies and showcases accessible, interdisciplinary frameworks to inform the integration of planetary health in curricula, highlighting a rapidly evolving field through which interdisciplinary collaborations in healthcare are important to inform its pedagogy and application. Health education is an important component of health promotion; and thus this rapid review offers a range of approaches that health professionals, health promotion practitioners, and educators can use to inform the integration of planetary health, including sustainable healthcare, into curricula. SO WHAT?: Educational frameworks are informed by research and practice and provide key guidance to practitioners and educators; summarising key available planetary health education frameworks consolidates and guides effective education and builds on the existing body of knowledge to support urgent pro-environmental change.


Cloud storage enables network online storage where data is stored on multiple virtual servers. In order to carry out huge tasks in cloud environment, single cloud provider is not sufficient to perform the many tasks applications and services. For Handling Intensive task, need to have multi cloud environment to improve the cost-effectiveness of the deployment and increase availability. Larger tasks are carried out by processing of many tasks at a time in a cloud computing environment. In this paper, for efficient handling of multiple tasks, need to have the performance analysis and optimization of all tasks in the multi-cloud environment. Performance analyses consist of CPU scheduling, Memory utilization, I/O tasks, and resource time sharing and cost benefits. Earlier system concentrates on the deployment of multi cloud architecture and multi-processing needs more accuracy, scalability and efficiency. In the methodology, Job allocation by front end server and service LAN are used. This research will achieved the process of multitasking environment in multi cloud infrastructure by having some effective tools for measuring over all performance and optimization of multi cloud computing services.


In this paper some models for predicting the most important ring yarn quality characteristics were built by using AFIS (Advanced Fibre Information System) data. Yarn count, twist and roving properties were also selected as predictors because of their great effect on the yarn properties. A total of 180 ring yarns were produced from 15 different cotton blends on the same ring spinning machine, on the same spinning positions and under the same conditions at Ege University Textile and Apparel Research-Application Centre. Each blend was spun in four yarn counts (29.53 tex, 23.63 tex, 19.69 tex, and 16.88 tex) at three different coefficients of twist ( αTt 3639, αTt 4022, and αTt 4404). Linear multiple regression methods were used for the estimation of the yarn quality characteristics. The goodness of fit statistics showed that our equations had very large R2 (coefficient of multiple determination) and adjusted R2 values.


We report on a recently introduced family of expressive extensions of Datalog, called Datalog±, which is a new framework for representing ontological axioms in form of integrity constraints, and for query answering under such constraints. Datalog± is derived from Datalog by allowing existentially quantified variables in rule heads, and by enforcing suitable properties in rule bodies, to ensure decidable and efficient query answering. We first present different languages in the Datalog± family, providing tight complexity bounds for all cases but one (where we have a low complexity AC0 upper bound). We then show that such languages are general enough to capture the most common tractable ontology languages. In particular, we show that the DL-Lite family of description logics and F-Logic Lite are expressible in Datalog±. We finally show how stratified negation can be added to Datalog± while keeping ontology querying tractable in the data complexity. Datalog± is a natural and very general framework that can be successfully employed in different contexts such as data integration and exchange. This survey mainly summarizes two recent papers.


What were the medieval stylistic, aesthetic, and literary conventions that Chancer drew upon and knew that his audience would understand? In this rich study Mr. Robertson has included 118 illustrations-of medieval sculpture, cathedral interiors, illuminated manuscripts, paintings, ornamental devices and decorations-to show how these conventions affected the visual arts of Chaucer's time. Special attention is directed to fundamental differences between medieval and modern attitudes toward poetry, and to the significance of these differences for an approach to medieval art. By placing Chaucer fully in his own time, Mr. Robertson establishes new perspectives for understanding Chaucer's poetry. His book is like a rich tapestry weaving together many threads. Originally published in 1962. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.


The effects of two natural peptides, dolastatin 10 and dolastatin 15, on growth and differentiation of hematopoietic cells were studied using freshly explanted leukemia cells and continuous leukemia cell lines. The proliferation of several myeloid cell lines and of growth-factor-stimulated peripheral blood cells from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was efficiently inhibited by the two agents at concentrations between 1 and 0.01 nM. Growth inhibition was dose-dependent and reversible. Neither of the dolastatins exhibited significant cytotoxicity on dividing cells, nor did they interfere with the viability of resting cells. The 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate or bryostatin I induced differentiation of AML cells was not affected by the dolastatins. Short-term exposure to the phorbol ester conferred reduced sensitivity of the cell line HL-60 to the antiproliferative effect of the drugs. Our data suggest that the dolastatins alone or in combination with other drugs could exert a role in the treatment of human myeloid leukemia.


The objective of this paper is to analyse the production and export of Cocoa in Ghana. Concerns about declining output and export of cocoa in Ghana has prompted the necessity of this study. Given the significance of Ghana as the principal producer and exporter of cocoa and a major source of foreign earnings in the country, it is imperative to analyze the production and export trend of the industry. This study review cocoa production and export in Ghana over a 21 year period spanning from 1995 to 2016. Time series data were employed and these were collected from FOA database and other secondary sources from Literatures and books to process the data. We assessed the country's production and export trend by using both empirical and descriptive approaches which were checked by multivariate statistical analysis. The results suggest that total cocoa production and export in Ghana both witnessed an average year-over- year increase of 5.3% and 5.7% respectively. In spite of these improvements observed, there is potential for further improvement and this can be achieved through government support to the subsector.


The article is devoted to the opera «Mozart and Salieri» as a unique phenomenon in the context of the evolution of operatic works by Rimsky-Korsakov. The author of the article emphasizes the peculiar features of dramatic composition, style, vocal writing which are characteristic of the opera. The artistic conception of «Mozart and Salieri» is considered by the researcher on the basis of the subject and non-subject dynamics of the relations between the main characters-«antagonists». Deeply personal, intimate idea of the opera is presented in conjunctions with some facts of composer's creative biography for a period of the 1880-1890s (depth study of counterpoint, pedagogical activity, editing of works by Mussorgsky, etc.).


We conducted a survey of coral diseases at two sites at Akajima, Kerama islands, Okinawa, Japan in 2010 and 2011. Diseased colonies recorded in both years were categorized into four types, namely, Black Band Disease (BBD), Skeleton Eroding Band (SEB), Growth Anomalies (GA) and White Syndrome (WS), and BBD on encrusting Montipora spp. was the dominant disease. We therefore focused on the BBD on Montipora spp. and analyzed the distribution of BBD-diseased colonies and the progression of BBD bands. Results revealed that the BBD distribution showed significant small-scale clustering in both years. The progressive band showed four morphological patterns on the same individual, and the composition of band patterns changed throughout the observation periods. The maximum progression rates were approximately 3 to 5 fold greater than the minimum rate at the same sites and times. These results suggest that BBD-diseased colonies at Akajima are aggregated and show different responses to factors related to BBD progression, even at the single-reef scale.


Microencapsulation is described as a process of enclosing micron sized particles of solids or droplets of liquids or gasses in an inert shell, which in turn isolates and protects them from the external environment as well as control the drug release profile. Microencapsulated particle is having diameter between 3 (-) 800μm which differ them from other technologies such as nanotechnology and macroparticle in their morphology and internal structure. This review paper will address the background of micro encapsulation technology, commonly used microencapsulation methods with its advantages and disadvantages and its applications in pharmaceutical field. This article also gives an overview on the general aspects and recent advances in drug-loaded microparticles to improve the efficiency of various medical treatments. This article contains the traditional and the recent pharmaceutical drug delivery system and also established as a unique carrier system for many pharmaceuticals for Novel drug delivery system (NDDS), latest formulation delivery of DNA vaccines prodrug approach, bio degradable and biocompatible material. Other than pharmaceutical microcapsules are widely used in delivery of probiotic, pesticide industry, food technology, beverage and cell immobilization etc.


Industrial Internet of things (IIoT), one enabler for Industry 4.0 Smart Factories, is a mission-critical and latency-sensitive application of 5G networks. Due to the stringent latency requirements in IIoT, coordinating the simultaneous transmissions of massive entities and knowing the interference they create to each other is not feasible. Additionally, due to the mobility feature of mobile robots and automated guided vehicles, the experienced channel fading may differ from the estimated one. Therefore, some uncertainties exist in IIoT networks while we decide the communication and control mechanisms. Within the context of IIoT, this paper discusses some resource allocation solutions from the perspective of Online Convex Optimization (OCO). OCO is a computationally lightweight and memory-efficient mathematical tool which tackles the optimization problems, given that the network environment is arbitrary and unknown. We first introduce the key performance indicators in IIoT networks and highlight the uncertain factors, which we may encounter while allocating the communication resources in IIoT. Then we provide an overview of main principles of OCO and present the comparison benchmarks and related metrics for performance evaluation. Moreover, we discuss the kind of resource allocation problems in IIoT that can be tackled by OCO. Finally, we summarize the advantages of applying OCO to IIoT networks.


A method has been suggested for simultaneous recording of the content of 12C-phenazepam and its metabolites in the mouse brain and of minimum effective doses of corasole intravenously that induce the tonic extension of the animals. Parameters of the two-compartmental kinetic model of absorption, distribution and elimination of 14C-products in the mouse brain were determined. These processes conform to the first order kinetics. A correlation was disclosed between the content of radioactive products in the animals' brain and minimum effective doses of corasole. A linear decline of the anticonvulsant action of phenazepam was revealed during the experimental period. Radiochromatography enabled one to detect the parent compound and its 3-hydroxy metabolite in mouse brain extracts.


The grooming factor C of a WDM optical network is the number of connections that can share the bandwidth of each wavelength and the process of grouping the requests that will share each wavelength is called traffic grooming. The goal of traffic grooming is either to reduce the transmission cost by reducing the number of wavelengths or to reduce the hardware cost by reducing the number of Add-Drop Multiplexors (ADM). In this paper, we investigate traffic grooming for directed path networks with online connection requests and distributed routing algorithms. When connection requests are online, the virtual topology that results from the assignment of ADMs to wavelengths cannot be changed with each request. The design of efficient virtual topologies that minimize either the number of ADMs needed to satisfy any set of connection requests or the blocking of connection requests depends strongly on the routing algorithm. We show how to design the best possible virtual topologies, independently of the routing algorithm, when each node is equipped with the same number of ADMs, and we analyze the performance of distributed greedy routing algorithms.


The main goal of this research is to support concept designers' search for inspirational and meaningful images in developing mood boards. Finding the right images has
become a well-known challenge as the amount of images stored and shared on the Internet and elsewhere keeps increasing steadily and rapidly. The development of
image retrieval technologies, which collect, store and pre-process image information to return relevant images instantly in response to users' needs, have achieved great
progress in the last decade.
However, the keyword-based content description and query processing techniques for Image Retrieval (IR) currently used have their limitations. Most of these techniques
are adapted from the Information Retrieval research, and therefore provide limited capabilities to grasp and exploit conceptualisations due to their inability to handle
ambiguity, synonymy, and semantic constraints. Conceptual search (i.e. searching by meaning rather than literal strings) aims to solve the limitations of the keyword-based
models.
Starting from this point, this thesis investigates the existing IR models, which are oriented to the exploitation of domain knowledge in support of semantic search
capabilities, with a focus on the use of lexical ontologies to improve the semantic perspective. It introduces a technique for extracting semantic DNA (SDNA) from
textual image annotations and constructing semantic image signatures. The semantic signatures are called semantic chromosomes; they contain semantic information
related to the images.
Central to the method of constructing semantic signatures is the concept disambiguation technique developed, which identifies the most relevant SDNA by measuring the semantic importance of each word/phrase in the image annotation. In
addition, a conceptual model of an ontology-based system for generating visual mood boards is proposed. The proposed model, which is adapted from the Vector Space Model, exploits the use of semantic chromosomes in semantic indexing and assessing the semantic similarity of images within a collection.


The purposes of this study were to 1) to survey people? s opinion towards the strength and weakness of the Voluntary Development and Self Defense Villages (VDS) and 2) to assess the quality of VDS villages in overall and 3 aspects, namely Stability, Prosperity and Sustainability and classified by region. The samples were 959 people from 60 VDS villages in 4 regions of Thailand in 2018. The samples were collected by multistage random sampling. The instrument used for data collecting was a questionnaire. The t-test for one sample and F-test were used for the data analysis The findings are as follows:1. The strength of VDS villages is a) the diligent people for making living b) the care and unity people and c) the dedicated and honest leaders, respectively. The weakness of VDS villages is a) the village administration and management b) ineffective infrastructure and c) destroyed natural resources, respectively. 2) The quality of VDS villages is good in overall and 3 aspects, namely Stability, Prosperity and Sustainability.3) The quality of VDS villages in each region is good except the northern region which is fairly good.


PURPOSE
We describe a technique for achieving effective hemostasis during laparoscopic partial nephrectomy using gelatin matrix thrombin tissue sealant.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Between June 2002 and April 2003, 6 patients underwent laparoscopic partial nephrectomy using the 2-component tissue sealant. Median patient age was 59 years (range 28 to 71) and followup time ranged from 1 to 10 months (median 4.3). The tumor was at least 50% exophytic on preoperative computerized tomography and the diameter ranged from 2 to 3 cm (median 2.5). The 2-component tissue sealant, consisting of a gelatin matrix granula component and a thrombin component, was applied after resection of the tumor and before reperfusion of the kidney. Time until complete hemostasis was achieved, postoperative bleeding, estimated blood loss, warm ischemia time and length of surgery were recorded.

RESULTS
Hemostasis was immediate in all cases after application of the tissue sealant for 1 to 2 minutes to the moist resection site. The laparoscopic applicator was used to apply the material to the renal parenchyma. Hemostasis was maintained when reperfusion of the kidney was established. Estimated blood loss ranged from 50 to 350 cc (median 200), and no patient required blood transfusion. Length of surgery ranged from 89 to 230 minutes (median 189), and warm ischemia time ranged from 10 to 14 minutes (median 13). No postoperative bleeding occurred.

CONCLUSIONS
The 2-component tissue sealant provided immediate and durable hemostasis in laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. It is a safe and time sparing alternative adjunct to currently available means of achieving hemostasis. In a select patient population use of this agent may reduce warm ischemia time by circumventing the need to perform laparoscopic suturing.


Obesity is a major risk factor for chronic diseases including cardiovascular disorders. Divergent associations between obesity and hormonal changes have been reported. The objective of the present study was to analyse the associations between anthropometric measurements and hormone levels including serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), prolactin, insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I, and testosterone. Form the cross-sectional Study of Health in Pomerania 1 women and 1 864 men aged 20-79 years were included in the analyses. Serum TSH, prolactin, IGF-I, and testosterone levels were determined by immunochemiluminescent procedures. Body height, weight as well as waist and hip circumferences were measured. Body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were calculated. Our analyses revealed inverse linear associations of waist and hip circumferences, BMI and WHtR with serum TSH levels and linear associations between waist circumference as well as WHtR and serum prolactin levels in women. In men, inverse linear and quadratic associations between anthropometric parameters and serum IGF-I as well as serum testosterone levels were found. Additionally, men with high waist circumference had more often low serum IGF-I or testosterone levels and less often high serum IGF-I or testosterone levels compared to men with low waist circumference. These sex-specific differences should be noted in studies regarding hormones and obesity.


Objective: Hypothyroidism and metabolic syndrome are well associated risk factors for atherogenic cardiovascular diseases. This study was intended to investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and to assess its related parameters in hypothyroid patients. Material and Methods: Study was conducted in ENT department of a tertiary care teaching hospital. Thirty patients diagnosed with hypothyroidism of age 12-40 years of both sexes were screened for metabolic and thyroid parameters. Among them, who were diagnosed with metabolic syndrome according to IDF criteria were included in the study. The baseline patients were treated with L-thyroxin and reviewed after 3 months. Baseline and reviewed parameters were compared. Data were analyzed with paired 't' test. Results: The mean age of the study population was found to be 26.9 ± 8.1 years and among the study population 96.66% were female. Among the study population (n=30), 13 patients were diagnosed with metS according to the IDF criteria and data from these patients was used as the baseline, after L-Thyroxine treatment for three months it was found that around 70% were out of metS. Statistical result shows the significant changes in metabolic parameters with treatment. Further the association of metabolic and thyroid parameters were also found. Conclusion: Present study shows that the female have higher prevalence of hypothyroidism. Further study results show significant association between hypothyroidism and metabolic syndrome which necessitates the need for monitoring thyroid functions in patients with metabolic syndrome. Key words: Hypothyroidism, L-Thyroxine, Metabolic syndrome, metS, Sub Clinical Hypothyroidism.


It is important to avoid a risk of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of structure materials in nuclear power plants. One of the methods for preventing SCC is titanium-dioxide (TiO2) injection. TiO2 is a photo-catalyst, and injected TiO2 deposits on the surfaces of structure materials, and the deposited TiO2 can decrease the electrochemical corrosion potential (ECP) by irradiation of Cherenkov-light in the reactor. Generally, the ECP is an important indicator about susceptibility to SCC, and ECP-lowering makes a risk of SCC lower. Therefore, initiation and propagation of SCC will be mitigated by the TiO2 injection.
 The evaluation model for corrosive environment had been already developed. That "conventional" model was consisted of some analysis such as water radiolysis, ECP and others. However, the model did not consider an effect of TiO2 deposition and was one-dimensional simple model. Therefore, to evaluate ECP distribution in a reactor after TiO2 injection, the "newly developed" model was build: analyses integration, high-resolution and three-dimensional model.
 In this paper, the TiO2 deposition and water radiolysis analyses integrated into flow analysis were contained. Both the deposition and the radiolysis depend on flow in the RPV, so that these analyses were built into the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis model for CFD code. The target plant type for the model was 1100 MWe-class BWR-5.
 The flow analysis was carried out at steady-state, assuming the TiO2 injection during the rated operation of the plant. Then the TiO2 deposition and the radiolysis analyses were conducted by transient calculations using the result of flow, and the three-dimensional and high resolution results were obtained.


The paper aimed to present the energy growings as a source of raw material for the production of renewable energy in Poland. The data used come from secondary sources and covered the period 2011-2014. The were used quantitative and qualitative methods of analysis. It was found that the share of land used in Poland for energy purposes in 2012-2014 was about 4% of UAA. Their greatest area was occupied with plants, including rape, used in the production of bio-components which then are used in the production of transportation fuels. Components which are result of fuel production from grains are used in the production of animal feed. This area was therefore partly used for this reason. In 2011-2014, the production of esters and biogas steadily increased, whereas in 2014 the production of bioethanol was reduced. For the production of biogas, mainly agricultural byproducts and residues from agro-food industry are used, and so they do not compete for land with food products.


The paper argues for the use of quadrature filters for local structure tensor and motion estimation. The question of which properties of a local motion estimator are important is discussed. Answers are provided via the introduction of a number of fundamental invariances that are required in object motion estimation. A combination of statistical and deterministic modeling leads to mathematical formulations corresponding to the required invariances. The discussion leads up to the introduction of a new class of filter sets loglets. A number of experiments support the claim that loglets are preferable to other designs. In particular it is demonstrated that the loglet approach outperforms a Gaussian derivative approach in resolution and robustness to variations in object illumination.


Accuracy of many existing range free localization algorithms are severely affected by the radio irregularity problem. Those algorithms wrongly assume the transmission range of sensor nodes as perfect spheres. But in practical the transmission range is irregular in shape. Hence the location measurements based on these wrong assumptions lead to inaccuracy. The proposed localization algorithm named as `Sensor Position based on Co-ordinate Signal Strength Database' (SP-CSSD) accurately measures the location of the sensor nodes using the co-ordinate signal strength database in the presence of irregular transmission ranges. This algorithm doesn't consider the shape of the transmission range for its computation. Each sensor node can calculate its location using minimum of two beacon messages received from the GPS enabled anchor nodes. While removing the impact of the radio irregularity, the SP-CSSD algorithm increases the accuracy of location information with minimum computational overhead and minimum power consumption.


For realization of considerable potential of synergetic approach in a logistic system the compromises among subjects providing harmonization of their contradictory economic interests are used.


The immune system is a distributed decentralized system that functions without any centralized control. The immune system has millions of cells that function somewhat independently and can detect and respond to pathogens with considerable speed and efficiency. Lymph nodes are physical anatomical structures that allow the immune system to rapidly detect pathogens and mobilize cells to respond to it. Lymph nodes function as: 1) information processing centers, and 2) a distributed detection and response network. We introduce biologically inspired computing that uses lymph nodes as inspiration. We outline applications to diverse domains like mobile robots, distributed computing clusters, peer-to-peer networks and online social networks. We argue that lymph node inspired computing systems provide powerful metaphors for distributed computing and complement existing artificial immune systems. We view our work as a first step towards holistic simulations of the immune system that would capture all the complexities and the power of a complex adaptive system like the immune system. Ultimately this would lead to holistic immune system inspired computing that captures all the complexities and power of the immune system in human-engineered complex systems.


Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A and the VEGF receptors are critical for regulating angiogenesis during development and homeostasis and in pathological conditions, such as cancer and proliferative retinopathies. Most effects of VEGF-A are mediated by the VEGFR2 and its coreceptor, neuropilin (NRP)-1. Here, we show that VEGFR2 is shed from cells by the metalloprotease disintegrin ADAM17, whereas NRP-1 is released by ADAM10. VEGF-A enhances VEGFR2 shedding by ADAM17 but not shedding of NRP-1 by ADAM10. VEGF-A activates ADAM17 via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, thereby also triggering shedding of other ADAM17 substrates, including tumor necrosis factor α, transforming growth factor α, heparin-binding epidermal growth factor–like growth factor, and Tie-2. Interestingly, an ADAM17-selective inhibitor shortens the duration of VEGF-A–stimulated ERK phosphorylation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, providing evidence for an ADAM17-dependent crosstalk between the VEGFR2 and ERK signaling. Targeting the sheddases of VEGFR2 or NRP-1 might offer new opportunities to modulate VEGF-A signaling, an already-established target for treatment of pathological neovascularization.


Various aspects of disorders of the genitalia have traditionally fallen into the realm of care provided by the dermatologist. We describe and discuss the cutaneous manifestation of an unusual practice and its complications. Report of Cases Case 1.— A 20-year-old Laotian man was seen for nodular lesions on his penis that became tender with intercourse. According to the patient, these nodules were first noted nine months previously and seemed to have gradually enlarged during the following months. On physical examination, two firm, oval, subcutaneous penile nodules were noted. One was located on the dorsal midshaft of the penis and the other was on the ventrolateral midshaft. Both nodules measured 8 to 10 mm in diameter (Figs 1 and 2). There was no apparent inflammation. The nodules were excised by sharp and blunt dissection. They were firm and round and seemed to be encapsulated. On gross pathologic examination, they could not


A pineapple harvesting robot consisted of a manipulator arm, an end-actuator, a positioning identification device, a frame, a fruit box, a traveling mechanism and a control system was put forward. Four degrees of freedom, including X, Y, Z axis translations and a wrist rotation were required for pineapple picking. A cartesian-coordinate mechanism scheme for the manipulator arm was designed. A sliding-lever double-fulcrum structure was selected for the clamping mechanism of the end-actuator. The cutting device was designed. Pro/E software was applied for establishing 3-D parametric model of parts, assembling parts or components. By setting constraint relations among parts or components, general assembly model of the harvesting manipulator was built. Through several times of simulation with different motion parameters, repeated result analysis and dynamic interference check, optimized structure and working parameters of the pineapple harvesting manipulator was obtained.


Windows Vista represents a major improvement to Windows--one that's been long in coming. Because of that, many readers will be experienced Windows users who have grown accustomed to doing things a certain way. The new version of Windows will present a challenge to them. This book is for that reader. Getting up to speed on a new version of Windows is a frustrating game called "Where have they buried the bodies?" People know what they want to do; they just don't know the new places to find what they need and the new steps involved to accomplish the task. Find Gold in Windows Vista shows readers the new places and the new steps in the new Windows. This book is different because computer users who already know Windows but are merely concerned with finding where the bodies are buried can use it to find quickly the exact information they need. While experienced readers can enjoy this book's topical and to-the-point approach, beginners and those intimidated by computers will enjoy the tutorial aspect. This is the "Ask Dan" flavor of the book, where Dan explains in his usual, avuncular style how to do things for folks who are intimidated or perhaps just don't know a better way to get things done.


This research aims to identify the polyphenolic metabolites, reported in ears and grains of Zea mays L. "purple corn" according to the current literature, with more significant interaction on HMG-CoA reductase, through in silico assays. Using the keyword combination " Zea mays L" AND "polyphenols", a search was made in Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect and Scopus databases, identifying 22 polyphenolic compounds. Polyphenolic ligands and control molecules were prepared with the OpenBabel program and parameterized with AutoDock Tools. In addition, the crystallized structure of HMG-CoA reductase (1DQA) was downloaded from the Protein Data Bank database, then prepared in PyMOL and parameterized with AutoDock Tools. Molecular docking was performed in AutoDock Vina with a 100-time repetition for each ligand-target interaction. The results show that the hydrogen bonds with amino acids of importance in HMG-CoA reductase are ASN 658, ARG 590, and GLU 559. Protocatechuic acid, caffeic acid, vanillic acid, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid presented lower affinity energy ( Δ G°). The physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of the molecules with the best pharmacodynamic interaction were analyzed with the SwissADME and pkCSM servers, showing that protocatechuic, caffeic, vanillic, ferulic, p-coumaric and 4-hydroxybenzoic acids have the best physicochemical and pharmacokinetic profile. Therefore, this study gives us a clearer idea of the action of polyphenols on HMG-CoA reductase, which will allow obtaining new drug candidates for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.


INTRODUCTION
Virtual reality (VR) has been shown to be effective in eliciting responses to nicotine cues in cigarette smokers. The primary aim of this study was to investigate whether cigarette-deprived smokers would exhibit increased craving and changes in heart rate when viewing cigarette related cues as compared to non-smoking cues in a VR environment, and the secondary aim was to assess the extent to which self-assessed measures of withdrawal and dependence correlated with VR craving.

METHODS
Nicotine-dependent cigarette smokers were recruited for a 2 day study. On Day 1, participants smoked as usual and on Day 2 were deprived from smoking overnight. On both days, participants completed self-assessment questionnaires on withdrawal, craving, and nicotine-dependence. Participants completed a VR session during the cigarette deprivation condition only (Day 2). During this session, they were exposed to active smoking and placebo (non-smoking) cues.

RESULTS
The data show that self-reported levels of "craving" (p < .01) and "thinking about cigarettes" (p < .0001) were significantly greater after exposure to the active cues versus non-smoking cues. Significant increases in heart rate were found for 3 of 4 active cues when compared to non-smoking cues (p < .05). Finally, significant positive correlations were found between self-reported craving prior to the VR session and craving induced by active VR cues (p < .01).

CONCLUSIONS
In this report, active VR cues elicited craving during cigarette deprivation. This is the first study to demonstrate that self-reported craving, withdrawal symptoms, and nicotine dependence severity predict cue-induced craving in the VR setting.


Although adversarial examples and model robustness have been extensively studied in the context of linear models and neural networks, research on this issue in tree-based models and how to make tree-based models robust against adversarial examples is still limited. In this paper, we show that tree based models are also vulnerable to adversarial examples and develop a novel algorithm to learn robust trees. At its core, our method aims to optimize the performance under the worst-case perturbation of input features, which leads to a max-min saddle point problem. Incorporating this saddle point objective into the decision tree building procedure is non-trivial due to the discrete nature of trees --- a naive approach to finding the best split according to this saddle point objective will take exponential time. To make our approach practical and scalable, we propose efficient tree building algorithms by approximating the inner minimizer in this saddle point problem, and present efficient implementations for classical information gain based trees as well as state-of-the-art tree boosting models such as XGBoost. Experimental results on real world datasets demonstrate that the proposed algorithms can substantially improve the robustness of tree-based models against adversarial examples.


PURPOSE
This practice survey describes how Fellows of the Canadian Academy of Manipulative Physiotherapy (FCAMPT) use spinal manipulation and mobilization and how they perceive their competence in performing spinal assessment; it also quantifies relationships between clinical experience and use of spinal manipulation.

METHODS
A cross-sectional survey was designed based on input from experts and the literature was administered to a random sample of the FCAMPT mailing list. Descriptive (including frequencies) and inferential statistical analyses (including linear regression) were performed.

RESULTS
The response rate was 82% (278/338 eligible FCAMPTs). Most (99%) used spinal manipulation. Two-thirds (62%) used clinical presentation as a factor when deciding to mobilize or manipulate. The least frequently manipulated spinal region was the cervical spine (2% of patients); 60% felt that cervical manipulation generated more adverse events. Increased experience was associated with increased use of upper cervical manipulation among male respondents (14% more often for every 10 years after certification; β, 95% CI=1.37, 0.89-1.85, p<0.001) but not among female respondents. Confidence in palpation accuracy decreased in lower regions of the spine.

CONCLUSION
The use of spinal manipulation/mobilization is prevalent among FCAMPTs, but is less commonly used in the neck because of a perceived association with adverse events.


As the most important method of religious and ritual theater, Ta'ziye has many capabilities in Iran which can be used in different forms of modern visualization. The only element which has been studied in this kind of theater has been distancing in performance. Through studying the existent versions of Ta'ziye, one can find that there are other elements that have not been studied yet. The relationship between Ta'ziye and religious theater in their general form, and also the major themes of Ta'ziye, helps us to identify these capabilities better and better. Meanwhile, music as an expressive and performing element provides a basis that can be used in finding a new manner of expression in visual/dramatic works (music videos for example). Studying elements such as character replacement, transformation of time and place, function of music and the ways of affecting on audience, shows that Ta'ziye has special capabilities in visualization. The writers of this article have introduced a sample of Ta'ziye and studied two versions of it to present these capabilities


The grace, speed, and beauty of ice skating has inspired painters and sculptors, graphic artists and photographers, film makers and choreographers of spectacles, and the designers of skates and costumes, medals, programs and posters, advertising dolls, and decorative objects. With 321 images, trace figure skatings eight centuries of history. See the impact it has had on the visual and performing arts, from early depictions of animal bones tied to the feet to facilitate movement over frozen streams and lakes to the latest precision-engineered blades used by Olympic champions and the birth of contemporary free-style skating. Fans of figure skating, memorabilia collectors, and historians will treasure this in-depth look at this popular activity.


The purpose of this research was to study the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on reduction of obesity and body image. This was a quasi-experimental study with pretest and post-test and a control group. The population in this study included all patients who referred to the center of weight loss and nutrition clinics in area number 1 of Tehran city. 30 people were chosen among those people who were considered obese based on the MBI index. They were divided into two groups. The experimental group underwent eight sessions of treatment but the control group did not undergo any intervention. The results of data analysis using analysis of covariance indicated that acceptance and commitment therapy is effective on reducing obesity and body image. So we can use this method as an effective way to help people reduce these problems.


Recently, sequences of error-correcting codes with doubly-transitive permutation groups were shown to achieve capacity on erasure channels under symbol-wise maximum a posteriori (MAP) decoding. From this, it follows that Reed-Muller and primitive narrow-sense BCH codes achieve capacity in the same setting. In this article, we extend this result to a large family of cyclic codes by considering codes whose permutation groups satisfy a condition weaker than double transitivity. The article combines two simple technical contributions. First, we show that the transition width of a monotone boolean function is O(1/log k), where k is the size of the smallest orbit induced by its symmetry group. The proof is based on Talagrand's lower bound on influences for monotone boolean functions. Second, we consider the extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) function of an Fq-linear cyclic code whose blocklength N divides qt - 1 and is coprime with q - 1. We show that this EXIT function is a monotone boolean function whose symmetry group contains no orbits of size smaller than the smallest prime divisor of t. Combining these, we show that sequences of cyclic codes, whose blocklengths satisfy the above conditions, achieve capacity on the q-ary erasure channel if all prime divisors of t tend to infinity.


The rapidly expanding U.S. corn ethanol industry produces huge quantities of wet distillers grains and about 70% of this material is dried to 10% moisture. Drying this material requires about one-third of the energy used to operate a dry-grind corn ethanol plant. Tri-Phase Drying Technologies of Norwalk, Iowa has developed a rotary drum dryer which reclaims energy from the exhaust air stream. The objective of this research was to determine the energy requirement of the Tri-Phase dryer by pilot scale drying tests with wet distillers grains. Multiple tests of the pilot-scale dryer showed an energy input requirement of about 2890 kJ/kg (846 Btu/lb) of water removed when drying wet distillers grains from about 28% to 24% moisture. This is less than half the energy usually required for a drum dryer or a grain dryer. Use of this dryer design, scaled up to dry distillers grains at ethanol plants, has the potential for large energy savings for the corn ethanol industry.


What explains the evolution and dynamics of land squatting in Montevideo, Uruguay? Over the last few decades squatter settlements have increased dramatically in this city that lacked a "frontier" of poor illegal settlements until the 1980s, with the exception of a handful of very precarious neighborhoods dubbed cantegriles that started appearing around the 1950s. Today, about 11 % of the city's population lives on illegally occupied land (INE 2006). The more than 400 current squatter settlements have expanded the city limits, leaving a very concrete trace of urban and social change. Squatter settlements mushroomed without natural disasters setting people in motion and without population growth due to rural to urban migration processes, frequent causes of land squatting elsewhere. Thus, both knowing how and why land squatting has developed constitute interesting puzzles. No one has yet written about the history of land squatting in Montevideo. This dissertation recovers this history from oblivion and puts it in dialog with the literature on popular politics. From a social movement/contentious politics perspective, in this dissertation I challenge the assumption that socioeconomic factors such as poverty were the only causes triggering land squatting. I test whether political factors also shaped the cycle of land invasions and examine the mechanisms through which those factors - known as political opportunities in the literature - translated into different types of mobilization. Through statistical analysis, in-depth interviews, document analysis, and multi-sited ethnographic fieldwork, this project will describe and explain the origins and trajectories of squatting as an elusive form of collective action during the last half of the 20th century (1947-2004). The project seeks to a) describe and explain the cycle of squatting and its timing; b) compare trajectories of different kinds of mobilization involved in land seizures and the mechanisms that activated them, and c) understand squatters' politics through a thick description of squatters' experiences and memories of their relationships with state agencies and politicians and through the experiences and memories of politicians, technocrats and bureaucrats as well.


A robust, stabilizing output feedback controller for systems in the normal form, which could potentially include systems with unstable zero dynamics, is presented. The control scheme adopted herein incorporates "smoothed" sliding mode control-chosen for its robustness properties as well as its ability to prescribe or constrain the motion of trajectories in the sliding phase-and an extended high gain observer to estimate one of the unknown functions. Stabilization in the case of an unknown control coefficient and uncertain constant parameters is shown.


Abstract Background Malignant melanoma is a common form of skin cancer that contains different cell types recognized by various cell surface markers. Dacarbazine-based combination chemotherapy is frequently used for the treatment of melanoma. Despite its potent anticancer properties, resistance to dacarbazine develops in malignant melanoma. Here, we aim to improve response to dacarbazine therapy by pretreatment with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in CD117+ melanoma cells. Methods The CD117+ melanoma cells were sorted from A375 malignant melanoma cell line using magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS). The cell viability was examined by cell proliferation assay (MTT). Apoptosis was determined by acridine orange/ ethidium bromide staining. Indeed, we performed flow cytometry to evaluate the cell cycle arrest. Results Here, the CD117+ melanoma cells were incubated with various concentrations of ATRA, dacarbazine, and their combination to determine IC50 values. We found that 20 µM ATRA treatment followed by dacarbazine was found to be more effective than dacarbazine alone. There was an indication that the combination of ATRA with dacarbazine (ATRA/dacarbazine) caused more apoptosis and necrosis in the melanoma cells (P<0.05). Furthermore, ATRA/dacarbazine treatment inhibited the cell at the G0/G1 phase, while dacarbazine alone inhibited the cells at S phase. Conclusion Collectively, combined treatment with ATRA and dacarbazine induced more apoptosis and enhanced the cell cycle arrest of CD117+ melanoma cells. These results suggested that ATRA increased the sensitivity of melanoma cells to the effect of dacarbazine.


The lung is a relatively rare site for mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas: we report the largest available single-center series of patients with this presentation. From August 1992 to October 2000, 12 patients with untreated primary low-grade MALT lymphoma of the lung were submitted either to chemotherapy alone (n =8), surgery alone (n =2) or surgery plus chemotherapy (n =2). At diagnosis, 6 (50%) were asymptomatic and 6 (50%) had nonspecific pulmonary symptoms. The most common radiologic findings were a pulmonary infiltrate (7 cases) and a mass lesion (5 cases). Histological diagnosis was obtained with transbronchial lung biopsy/bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) (6 cases), with transthoracic needle biopsy (1 case), or an open thoracotomy (5 cases). All patients had stage IE. All 12 (100%) achieved complete remission; 3 (25%) local recurrences were observed. The global 6-year survival rate was 100% with a relapse-free survival rate of 50%. In conclusion, these data underline the diagnostic utility of BAL and the therapeutic efficacy of a chemotherapeutic strategy based on regimens such as N-CVP in the context of localized MALT lymphoma of the lung.


One of the most important issues in today's world is the pollution of water with toxic and dangerous metals. Cadmium is one of the toxic metals that enter the surface and groundwater through various industrial wastewaters. In this paper, polyethylene oxide-based silica monolith was synthesized with a uniform porous structure and was used to remove cadmium ions from the aqueous medium. The chemical and physical properties of silica monolith were characterized by SEM, BET, and FTIR techniques. The results of BET and SEM analysis showed that the monolith has a mesopore structure with a specific surface area of 543 m 2 g -1 . The synthesized silica monolith was used as an adsorbent for cadmium removal in a batch adsorption process and the effects of operating parameters including pH, adsorbent concentration, cadmium initial concentration, and contact time were investigated. The Central Composite Design method was used to optimize the effects of operating parameters. The results of the experimental design showed the importance of pH and adsorbent concentration parameters. The analysis of equilibrium data indicated that the maximum adsorption capacity of the monolith for cadmium is 153 mg g -1 . The kinetic data were analyzed with various models and results indicated the importance of chemical adsorption. The results of regeneration and reuse of monolith as an adsorbent showed that the synthesized monolith has a high ability to adsorb heavy metal ions from an aqueous solution and can be an option for water treatment at industrial scale.


After appropriate intravenous fluid therapy different treatment modalities can be chosen due to patient's functional liver reserve, clinical status and tumor's features. A 48 years old male patient admitted to the emergency department with upper abdominal pain and severe hypotension. Dynamic contrast enhanced computerized tomography showed ruptured partially hypervascularized lesion at segment 4b and 5 in the liver. Also there were free hemorrhagic fluid densities at perihepatic and perisplenic areas. First of all transcatheter arterial embolization was performed at the interventional radiology department, then central hepatectomy including segment 5 and segment 4b was performed. The patient was discharged without any complication. Ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma is an emergency clinical situation. Staged hepatectomy after transcatheter arterial embolization for ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma may be the best treatment option for patients who have acceptable liver functions and resectable tumor features.


Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was initially described as a typical microorganism acquired in nosocomial infections. However, over recent years, community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus has been a cause of skin and soft-tissue infections. Serious infections such as pneumonia and sepsis can also occur. This report describes a case of sepsis in a child that was complicated by pneumonia secondary to soft tissue lesions that were due to community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in southern Brazil. The patient was attended at the Emergency Unit with a history of injury caused by lower-limb trauma that evolved to cellulitis, pneumonia and sepsis.


Politics and science make strange bedfellows. In politics, perceptions are reality and facts are negotiable. The competing interests, conflicting objectives, and trade-offs of political negotiations often lend themselves to bending the truth and selectively interpreting facts to shape outcomes. In science, facts are reality. This collection examines the conflicts that arise when politics and science converge. In Politicizing Science: The Alchemy of Policymaking, eleven leading scientists describe the politicization - through misapplication or overemphasis of results that favor a political decision or through outright manipulation - of scientific findings and deliberations to advance policy agendas. They show how the consequences of politicization are inflicted on the public, including the diversion of money and research efforts from worthwhile scientific endeavors, the costs of unnecessary regulations, and the losses of useful products - while increased power and prestige flow to those who manipulate science. The authors of three essays describe government diversions of scientific research and the interpretation of scientific findings away from where the evidence leads and toward directions deemed politically desirable. Three more contributions analyze the expensive and extensive efforts devoted to altering images of risk in order to establish linkages in the public's mind between deleterious human health effects and various areas of scientific research. Two essays examine the workings and results of consensus advisory panels and conclude that their recommendations are often based on far-from-certain science and driven by social and political dynamics that substitute group cohesion in favor of independent, critical thinking. Authors of two essays describe the unfortunate results of application of the 'precautionary principle,' which generally requires proof of no risk before a new product is introduced or an existing product can be continued in use. A concluding essay describes the personal costs of opposing the politicization of science.


Holey Fibers (HFs) have generated enormous interest from areas as diverse as spectroscopy, metrology, biomedicine, imaging, telecommunication, industrial machining and the military. Recently, HFs made from compound glasses with high nonlinear refractive indices have attracted much attention for nonlinear device applications. In this study we used Lead-silicate (Pb) glass, which has proven to be a promising material for high nonlinearity HFs. Pb glasses offer high thermal and crystallization stability and less steep viscosity-temperature-curves with low softening temperatures, which allow the use of extrusion as an alternative fiber preform fabrication technology. Pb-HFs has a high material nonlinear refractive index and the index between the glass core and the air filled cladding enables tight mode confinement which results in a low effective area and thereby a high nonlinear coefficient. In addition, Pb has large normal material dispersion and bulk glass zero dispersion (ZD) wavelength at 1970nm, the tailorability of the cladding structure enables high flexibility in the design of the dispersion profile facilitating nonlinear effects, especially by the choice of ZD wavelengths at near IR region. This paper presents the development of small-core high-nonlinearity non-silica HFs with unique dispersive properties for compact nonlinear optics devices operating at low powers. To date, we managed to produce low-loss (2dB/m at 1550nm and ~1.5dB/m at 1060nm) Pb-HFs with very high nonlinearity coefficient up to ~2000W. A dispersion model simulated using finite element method has demonstrated that Pb glass HFs with core size of 1.7µm are anticipated to enable ZD at 1060nm and with very high nonlinearities, which should allow efficient supercontinuum generation in compact devices using commonly available femto-second lasers as the pump sources. These results show that Pb-HFs are indeed promising components that contribute to the significant advancement in the miniaturization of compact nonlinear devices operating at low powers and offering appropriate dispersion.


Abstract. In recent years, most people use commercial integrated navigation systems to develop navigation algorithms. However, due to the different levels of sensors on the market, it is difficult to customize commercial systems and leads to limited development of navigation algorithms. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to develop a real-time integrated navigation system EGI-1000 (Embedded GNSS and INS) including software and hardware, and effectively reduce the cost with the commercial price. The real-time integrated navigation system EGI-1000 contains a navigation-grade IMU, IMU1000 and NovAtel OEM 7720 GNSS receiver module. In this research, the integration process can be divided into three parts. The first part is the integration of hardware, and the architecture diagram of the real-time integrated navigation system will be displayed. The second part is the pre-processing of data. In the multi-sensor time synchronization problem, this research will propose a method about cross-correlation to validate whether the timestamp of IMU data is delay. The last part is algorithm about fusing data from multiple sensors and motion constraints. Extended Kaman Filter (EKF) will be the core and motion constraints including Zero Velocity Update (ZUPT) and Non-Holonomic Constraints (NHC) are integrated in the Loosely Coupled (LC) scheme. The calibration of Inertial navigation Measurement Unit (IMU) will also be conducted to determine the parameter in algorithm. The results of the experiments will be shown in this paper. Both of hardware and navigation algorithm in the integrated navigation system of this research are used to conduct multiple experiment including open sky environments, GNSS challenging environments, and GNSS denied environment. In comparison with the reference data, the navigation accuracy of the developed integrated navigation system can achieve centimeter-level accuracy ("Active Control" level and "Where in lane" level) in open sky and GNSS challenging environments. According to the propagation error theory, the result in GNSS denied environment also meet the expected value. The navigation algorithm is also feasible for the commercial integrated navigation system.


Homogeneous coatings adhered strongly to titanium substrates were attained by electrochemical method in electrolytes containing Ca2+ and PO4 3- ions with Ca/P ratio being 1.67. SEM observation showed that the HAp crystals prepared with higher concentration electrolyte (4x10-2M Ca2+) are ribbon-like with thickness of nanometer size, a morphology seldom reported previously. In an electrolyte of lower concentration (6x10-4M Ca2+), the HAp crystals formed are rod-like with defined hexagonal cross section and diameter of about 70-80nm. The electrolyte of intermediary concentration (5x10-3M Ca2+) produced plate-like HAp crystals. XRD patterns and IR spectra confirmed that the coatings consist of HAp crystals.


Phishing detection is recognized as a criminal issue of Internet security. By deploying a gateway anti-phishing in the networks, these current hardware-based approaches provide an additional layer of defense against phishing attacks. However, such hardware devices are expensive and inefficient in operation due to the diversity of phishing attacks. With promising technologies of virtualization in fog networks, an anti-phishing gateway can be implemented as software at the edge of the network and embedded robust machine learning techniques for phishing detection. In this paper, we use uniform resource locator features and Web traffic features to detect phishing websites based on a designed neuro-fuzzy framework (dubbed Fi-NFN). Based on the new approach, fog computing as encouraged by Cisco, we design an anti-phishing model to transparently monitor and protect fog users from phishing attacks. The experiment results of our proposed approach, based on a large-scale dataset collected from real phishing cases, have shown that our system can effectively prevent phishing attacks and improve the security of the network.


Smart textiles are understood as textiles, where new functions are integrated to form a textile system that can react and interact with the environment. These new textile systems place completely new demands on the actors in the development process. With smart textiles at hand, the textile sector is almost facing a paradigm shift, which requires new manufacturing techniques; new ways of working and new roles need to be developed. New collaborations across disciplinary boundaries need to be created in order to generate new innovative products. Research state that it is of paramount importance that users are involved as early as possible in the development process of innovative products, the argument being that they possess knowledge regarding the product and its everyday use, which is lacking among designers. However, such user involvement may be limited to users acting as informants or as evaluators, but the involvement can also develop into the user becoming a member of the multidisciplinary team, a co-designer representing his/her own discipline. This is argued to facilitate the recognition of user needs and taking of them into consideration in the development process. However, such teams also face a number of challenges. One of the challenges is that the team members often lack a common language and use of terms, as they need to establish cross-disciplinary communication in order to successfully specify a common goal. Furthermore, it is necessary to convert knowledge from one area of expertise into information, which is comprehensible to someone with other experiences and skills, as this makes the knowledge valuable to a individual, who has a different background or views the problem from a different perspective. The case presented in this study concers a project where a multidisciplinary team was gathered to explore the possibility of using three-dimensional weaving techniques combined with smart textile technology to solve a clinical problem in long-term monitoring of brain activity (EEG). In the project, textile product representations were developed iteratively in collaboration with the user of the future product. The studied case aimed to understand how product representations can facilitate the dialogue in multidisciplinary teams in order to bridge the gap between users and designer. The analysis of the data reveals the importance of the product representations mediating the discussions and the sharing of knowledge but also that the product representations played different roles in the process. Five different roles were identified, the roles have further been categorized into two main groups: explanatory and concrete roles and more proactive roles. The explanatory roles are defined such as; • 'verbaliser' serving as a facilitator to fill in where words as missing or terms are not understood, • 'demonstrator' helping to concretize questions and answers between the user and the designer. The more proactive roles were defined as; • 'visualisers' which denotes situations when representations support individuals to recall or evoke mental images, • 'stimulators' that support the generation of new ideas or design solutions and the progression of new ideas and new shared knowledge in the project, and • 'integrators' that support the integration of perspectives between different disciplines and unites different perspectives in the team. The conclusion of this study is that the representation supports and facilitates the collaboration and communication across disciplines, bridging gaps and generating new shared knowledge.


Abstract This paper examines the causes and process of return migration from the coastal region to the inland provinces in China since the early 2010s, based on the case study of Zhumadian city in Henan Province. Surveys administered to both rural migrants from Zhumadian to Shenzhen and recent returnees to Zhumadian are presented. Industrial relocation and the development of inland provinces trigger the current wave of return migration. Family obligations, better prospects of the hometown, and barriers to settle in Shenzhen because of the hukou system are the principal reasons to return. Most of the migrants return to work in a factory or start a business. Some migrants purchase apartments in Zhumadian as a prelude to returning and starting a business at a future date. Returnees prefer settling down in urban areas rather than in their rural origins. In light of the empirical findings, the authors argue that return migration will ease the mismatch of labor supply and demand between the inland and coastal provinces, such that the Lewis Turning Point has not been reached yet. The continuing process of rural migrants returning to and settling down in Zhumadian suggests a way to achieve some of the goals in China's new-type urbanization plan, as local governments may address the two major challenges of the plan, namely, local job creation and financing for increased demand for public services.


The subject of this thesis is modelling polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) locally and on a cell scale. The modelling was done using software based on the finite element method and focused on mass transfer issues and compression pressure distribution and its effects on local phenomena. Mass transfer, more specifically the flow distribution in the flow field system, was studied on the cathode. The velocity distribution was improved by changing the geometry of the channel system. This improvement was also observed experimentally. Mass transport problems of free-breathing fuel cells were also studied. These cells rely on free convection to provide reactants and remove reaction products. In this thesis, the aim was to develop an accurate model that is also computationally light. The compression distribution in a stack was modelled based on an existing stack design. The results showed poor internal pressure distribution, with most of the cell experiencing insufficient compression. The modelling was then used to find a better end plate structure and suitable torques for the nut and bolt assemblies. The results were validated experimentally. The effect of compression was studied on a local scale on which compression variations caused by the channel structure had been seen to affect the gas diffusion layer properties and contact resistances between components. According to the modelling results, there are strong local transversal electric currents in the cell. This phenomenon can affect the cell performance and lifetime negatively.


Phishing has increased enormously over the last years and is a serious threat to global security and economy. Criminals are trying to convince unsuspecting online users to reveal sensitive information, e.g., passwords, account numbers, social security numbers or other personal information. Majority of the present day phishing attacks employ e-mail as their primary carrier, in order to allure unsuspecting victims to visitthe masqueraded website. In this paper describe the procedure of phishing attacks and a number of features that are particularly well-suited to identify phishing emails .Finally describe the detection of the phishing email .


The Georgia economy has been doing pretty well-having just added 27,000 jobs over the past year and an unemployment rate of 3.8 percent, one of the lowest in the country (3.5 percent is the record low). I would like to talk a little bit about economic integration; in particular, I would like to briefly discuss what I think are The Unseen Benefits of Economic Integration for the U.S.The economies of the world, of both advanced and developing countries, have changed significantly as the world has become increasingly integrated. Lower barriers to trade, deregulation, and the increasing rate of technological advancement have all worked to expand international trade at a faster pace than GDP now for decades. Not surprisingly, the increasing integration of the U.S. economy with the rest of the world has become a subject of concern to many Americans. Dimly sensed and understood events in different parts of the world now appear to have a major impact on U.S. companies and U.S. workers. Corners of the economy that once appeared to be immune to pressures from the outside world now seem to be buffeted by competition from far-away countries.Concerns about global integration are not new to Americans. In the 1980s, there was a sharp debate over why U.S. companies were losing global market share in traditional assembly line goods, like automobiles and appliances. Before that, in the 1970s, Americans were shocked to discover the vulnerability of the U.S. economy to the international political economy of the oil industry. In fact, this debate has been a fixture in this country since its founding. Americans once lived a much more self-sufficient existence on farms and in small towns. In the late 19th century, the increasing integration of farms and small towns with global agricultural and financial markets was one of the key sources of political division in the country. Unfortunately, the discussion of these issues today tends to highlight only the concerns and risks of economic integration. We read in the newspapers about Americans who lost their jobs to foreign competition, but not about Americans who work making goods and services that are purchased by foreign consumers.Commentators draw attention to the dependence of U.S. firms on foreign suppliers, but ignore the fact that millions of Americans benefit from the lower costs those foreign suppliers provide. Pundits tell scary stories of foreign corporations controlling the wealth of the United States-and neglect to mention the increasing American ownership of those supposedly "foreign" corporations. What I would like to talk about today is some of the important benefits of the integration of the U.S. economy with the rest of the world. There is no denying that such integration creates costs, but those have been well documented. The benefits have not.Let me start by saying that, although I will talk about the number of American jobs supported by trade and foreign investment, the true benefits of economic integration do not come primarily from increasing the number of jobs in the economy. A successful economy directs people into the jobs that make the best use of their productive abilities-that is, into the jobs that create the most value for consumers. And this is precisely how economic integration, through trade and investment, benefit an economy.Americans are anything but economic isolationists. We are, by far, the number one importer of goods and services in the world. Two-thirds of our imports enter duty free, and the average U.S. tariff rate is less than 2 percent (1.7 percent). We buy cameras from South Korea, toys from China, shirts from Bangladesh, computer software from India.Our grocery stores are practically international food bazaars. Potatoes from Idaho, beef from Texas, and peanuts from Georgia sit next to bananas from Costa Rica, melons from Mexico, and coffee from Kenya. Americans certainly have a penchant for importing, but we are also integrated into the world economy in many more ways. …


With new technologies related to the development of computers, graphics, and hardware, the virtual world has become a reality. As COVID-19 spreads around the world, the demand for virtual reality increases, and the industry represented by the Metaverse is developing. In the Metaverse, a virtual world that transcends reality, artificial intelligence and blockchain technology are being combined. This chapter explains how artificial intelligence and blockchain can affect the Metaverse.


FPGA-based computation engines have been used as Cellular Automata accelerators in the scientific community for some time now. With the recent availability of more advanced FPGA logic it becomes necessary to better understand the mapping of Cellular Automata to these systems. There are many trade-offs to consider when mapping a Cellular Automata algorithm from an abstract system to the physical implementation using FPGA logic. The trade-offs include both the available FPGA resources and the Cellular Automata algorithm's execution time. The most important aspect is to fully understand the behavior of the specified CA algorithm in terms of its execution times which are either compute bound or I/O bound. In this article, we present a methodology to categorize a specified CA algorithm as a compute bound or an I/O bound. We take the methodology further by presenting rigorous analysis for each of the two cases identifying the various parameters that control the mapping process and are defined both by the Cellular Automata algorithm and the given FPGA hardware specifications. This methodology helps to predict the performance of running Cellular Automata algorithms on specific FPGA hardware and to determine optimal values for the various parameters that control the mapping process. The model is validated for both compute and I/O bound two-dimensional Cellular Automata algorithms. We find that our model predictions are accurate within 7%.


Background In 2010, Major League Baseball (MLB) and the Major League Baseball Players Association reached an agreement on an electronic medical records and injury tracking system. One goal of the system was to identify and monitor injury trends to better optimise player health and safety. Methods Development of the surveillance system, HITS (Health and Injury Tracking System) database involved reviewing existing sports injury surveillance systems, consulting with the certified athletic trainers who record player injuries and illnesses, as well as experts who had experience with existing sports databases, and team physicians. Results HITS includes all players from the Major and Minor Leagues rather than a sample of players from certain teams. The HITS system has a unique identifying number for each player; thus, data can be deterministically linked across various databases. Linking the data allows for investigation of injuries with regard to other key measures of exposure such as pitch count and number of hits, surgical outcomes data, personnel records to calculate cost data, and demographic data. Events included in HITS are any injury or physical complaint sustained by a player that affects or limits participation in any aspect of baseball-related activity, such as a game, practice, or warm up. Analysis of the HITS data has explored leading body parts injured during play including the hamstring, knee, shoulder, and head; select positions such as catchers; and key activities such as sliding. Conclusions The implementation of HITS has advanced sports injury research overall and professional baseball research in particular. The richness of HITS is unprecedented and creates an opportunity to identify and monitor injury trends in baseball, and conduct epidemiologic research to better understand player risk, and optimise player health and safety through possible rules changes, equipment modifications, or medical education.


Europe is facing a double financial challenge: a significant need for long-term investments to spur economic growth and a growing pension gap. Unfortunately, at a time when low interest rates and tightened prudential standards strain the ability of life insurers and pension funds to offer guaranteed returns, Europe lacks both a framework ensuring the quality and accessibility of long-term investment solutions for small retail investors and defined contribution pension plans. This report offers a potential solution to both problems. Based on the findings of a CEPS-ECMI Task Force on Long-Term Investing and Retirement Savings, the report looks at how to steer household wealth - accounting for over 60% of total financial wealth in Europe - toward long-term investing. This shift could achieve two goals at once: greater economic growth and higher pensions.


Synthesis of one-dimensional molecular arrays with tailored stereoisomers is challenging yet has a great potential for application in molecular opto-, electronic-and magnetic-devices, where the local array structure plays a decisive role in the functional properties. Here, we demonstrate construction and characterization of dehydroazulene isomer and diradical units in three-dimensional organometallic compounds on Ag(111) with a combination of low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory calculations. Tip-induced voltage pulses firstly result in the formation of a diradical species via successive homolytic fission of two C-Br bonds in the naphthyl groups, which are subsequently transformed into chiral dehydroazulene moieties. The delicate balance of the reaction rates among the diradical and two stereoisomers, arising from an in-line configuration of tip and molecular unit, allows directional azulene-to-azulene and azulene-to-diradical local probe isomerization in a controlled manner. Furthermore, we found that the diradical moiety hosts an open-shell singlet with antiferromagnetic coupling between the unpaired electrons, which can undergo an inelastic spin transition of 91 meV to the ferromagnetically coupled triplet state.


In the early 2000s, the University of Minnesota received a grant to buy a share in a telescope to be installed on the site of Mount Graham International Observatory. Located in an area known for some of the clearest skies of the world, the mountain is also one of the four holiest sites of the Western Apache, and construction of the observatory was opposed by numerous Native American groups arguing that the ground is desecrated by the research fa-cilities. Leadership of a University known for its commitment to intercultural dialogue was faced with a choice between two sets of values rooted in dissimilar cultures. On the one hand were the resources available to win a signifi cant research advantage for university scien-tists. On the other, an indigenous community claimed the location as a sacred site. This paper examines the leadership challenge faced by the leaders of the University, analyzes the cultural dimensions underlying the conflict of values, and critiques the ultimate response of University leadership as a violation of the principles of ethical leadership in service to the greater good.


Vascular disease and focal cerebral ischemia still represent the major cause of neurological morbidity and mortality. Mechanisms of hypoxic changes are associated with energy depletion and impairment of biological membranes. Reperfusion after the stroke plays an important role in the development of morphological and functional changes of the nervous tissue. In experiments, different models of focal cerebral ischemia based on the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) are used. Four main categories of such models are most frequently employed: 1. Temporary intraluminal occlusion of part of the circle of Willis (via internal carotid artery), 2. Abluminal application of the vasoconstrictor peptide (endothelin-1) to the MCA, 3. Tromboembolic models, 4. Microclips. Reliable quantification of morphological changes is also possible. Discussed models are used for testing different types of treatment of the cerebral ischemia, including pharmacological stimulation and blocking of individual membrane receptor systems.


Inscribing Environmental Memory in the Icelandic Sagas (IEM) is a major interdisciplinary research initiative examining environmental memory in the medieval Icelandic sagas. The initiative brings together teams of historians, literary scholars, archaeologists and geographers, as well as specialists in environmental sciences and medieval studies, to investigate long-term human ecodynamics and environmental change from the period of Iceland's settlement in the Viking Age (AD 874-930) through the so-called Saga Age of the early and late medieval periods, and well into the long period of steady cooling in the Northern hemisphere popularly known as the Little Ice Age (AD 1350-1850). In her 1994 volume inaugurating the field of historical ecology Carole Crumley argued in favor of a "longitudinal" approach to the study of longue duree human ecodynamics. This approach takes a region as the focus for study and examines changing human-landscape-climate interactions through time in that particular place. IEM involves multiple frames of inquiry that are distinct yet cross-referential. Environmental change in Iceland during the late Iron Age and medieval period is investigated by physical environmental sciences. Just how known processes of environmental change and adaptation may have shaped medieval Icelandic sagas and their socio-environmental preoccupations is of great interest, yet just as interesting are other questions concerning how these sagas may in turn have shaped understandings of the past, cultural foundation narratives, environmental lore, local ecological knowledge etc. Enlisting environmental sciences and humanities scholarship in the common aim of framing and thereby better understanding nature, the IEM initiative excludes nothing as "post- interesting" or "pre-interesting." Understanding Viking Age first settlement processes informs understanding of 18th century responses to climate change, and 19th century resource use informs understanding of archaeological patterns visible at first settlement a millennium earlier. There is much to gain from looking at pathways (and their divergences) from both ends, and a long millennial scale perspective is one of the key contributions that the study of past "completed experiments in human ecodynamics" can make to attempts to achieve future sustainability. IEM is a case study of the Integrated History and future of People on Earth initiative (IHOPE) led by the international project AIMES (Analysis, Integration and Modeling of the Earth System), a core project of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme; the initiative is co-sponsored by PAGES (Past Global Changes) and IHDP (The International Human Dimensions Programme on Global Environmental Change). This talk brings together two of the main coordinators from IEM's sponsoring organizations, NIES and NABO, to reflect on the particular challenges, innovations and advances anticipated in this unprecedented undertaking of integrated science and scholarship, a new model for the scientific framing of nature.


Tapir distribution in Guatemala has dropped dramatically over the past century, causing populations to be restricted to protected areas of the northeastern region of the country. This study seeks to determine the conservation status of the species habitat in the country based on its presence, the importance of forest remnants in system connectivity and coverage of formal mechanisms of protection. The Maxent distribution modeling was performed using 62 records of presence 10 climatic variables and terrain elevation. The resulting map was reclassified into a binary map (cutoff 0.3) and using the Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis tool of GUIDOS program, a map in which the 12 larger forest remnants were selected was obtained. To these remnants the Integral Connectivity Index (dIIC) with Sensinode CONEFOR program was calculated. From the above, classifications of forest remnants were established to determine the conservation status of the species habitat. The potential distribution model had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.815 and from the binary map it was estimated that the potential habitat of the tapir in 2012 was 26,095.82 km2. The Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis showed that the tapir habitat is mainly composed of core area (43 %). The connectivity analysis indicated that the forest remnants of the Maya Biosphere Reserve (Northwest and East) and the Sierra de las Minas Biosphere Reserve have a dIIC of 33.505662, 0.51311405 and 0.38876015, respectively. The remnants of larger extension and higher dIIC correspond to the northeast and west section of the Maya Biosphere Reserve and Sierra de las Minas Biosphere Reserve. Compared with previous studies, there is a tendency in reducing coverage and degradation (fragmentation) tapir habitat, highlighting the vulnerability of the species populations in the country.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the efficacy of trilostane, a 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitor, in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH).

ANIMALS
11 dogs with PDH.

PROCEDURE
The initial dose of trilostane was 30 mg, PO, q 24 h for dogs that weighed < 5 kg and 60 mg, PO, q 24 h for dogs that weighed > or = 5 kg. A CBC count, serum biochemical analyses, urinalysis, ACTH stimulation test, and ultrasonographic evaluation of the adrenal glands were performed in each dog 1, 3 to 4, 6 to 7, 12 to 16, and 24 to 28 weeks after initiation of treatment.

RESULTS
All dogs responded well to treatment. All had reductions in polyuria-polydipsia and panting and an increase in activity. Polyphagia decreased in 9 of 10 dogs, and 9 of 11 dogs had improvement of coat quality and skin condition. Concentration of cortisol after ACTH stimulation significantly decreased by 1 week after initiation of treatment. After treatment for 6 months, clinical signs resolved in 9 dogs. In the other 2 dogs, marked clinical improvement was reported for 1 dog, and moderate improvement was reported in the other dog. Ultrasonographically, there was a considerable change in the parenchyma and an increase in size of the adrenal glands. Adverse effects consisted of 1 dog with transient lethargy and 1 dog with anorexia.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Trilostane is an efficacious and safe medication for treatment of dogs with PDH. Additional studies in a larger group of dogs and characterization of progressive changes in adrenal glands are needed.


Additive manufacturing (AM) process chain relies heavily on cloud resources and software programs. Cybersecurity has become a major concern for such resources. AM produces physical components, which can be compromised for quality by many other means and can be reverse engineered for unauthorized reproduction. This work is focused on taking advantage of layer‐by‐layer manufacturing process of AM to embed codes inside the components and reading them using image acquisition methods. The example of a widely used QR code format is used, but the same scheme can be used for other formats or alphanumeric strings. The code is segmented in a large number of parts for obfuscation. The results show that segmentation and embedding the code in numerous layers help in eliminating the effect of embedded features on the mechanical properties of the part. Such embedded codes can be used for parts produced by fused filament fabrication, inkjet printing, and selective laser sintering technologies for product authentication and identification of counterfeits. Post processing methods such as heat treatments and hot isostatic pressing may remove or distort these codes; therefore, analysis of AM method and threat level is required to determine if the proposed strategy can be useful for a particular product.


In 2009, the Lisbon Treaty introduced new roles for national parliaments in EU decision-making with the aim of increasing democratic legitimacy in the EU. One key role was deemed to be the ability to ensure governments represented the electorate when negotiating at EU level. This thesis explores under what conditions national parliaments employ their formal powers for this purpose. It does so by using a normative categorisation of political representation to frame an empirical analysis comparing two national parliaments (the House of Commons in the UK and the Second Chamber in the Netherlands). Each deploys its formal powers to control and influence government representatives in different ways – the first operates by empowering them as trustees, while the second tends to treat them as delegates. The thesis compares the impact of these two approaches over a number of case studies. The main theoretical argument suggests that the formal powers of both types are relevant, but their impact varies under different conditions (like party composition, salience and the Lisbon Treaty). The empirical part of the study consists of applying the descriptive categorisation of Pitkin's political representation theory to the world as it is, and examining to what extent mechanisms of control and influence make NPs part of a delegatory or trusteeship model based upon commonly-used indicators. Secondly, it investigates under what conditions the government is most likely to be responsive to the NP. The outcome of the case studies shows that, notwithstanding their formal powers, national parliaments can act on either a delegatory or trusteeship model of representation depending on different circumstances. The conclusions of this research contribute to the literature on institutional adaptation and to the normative debate on political representation, but are equally relevant to EU policy-makers involved in future Treaty changes focusing on further developing the EU's democratic legitimacy.


Abstract. The tracks shown in this paper are found in varved clavs of Pleistocene age at Malkwitz near Malente/Holstein (N-Germany) (fig. 1-4). They appear only in summer-layers of these varved clays. The tracks of fig. 1 (1-4), (8), (9) will be made by animals (e. g. insects or larvae), but those of fig. 1 (5-7) are probablv produced inorganically (twigs etc.. driven through shallow water). In comparison with these marks fig. 5 shows tracks, which are described by other authors from different places in Central-Europe. It is verv difficult to find the organisme responsible for these marks, because nobody has found anv fossil hitherto, which could have made the marks when it lived in these little perlglaclal lakes. On the other hand these lakes are situated in a climatic zone giving an environment with extreme conditions. It is possible that the originators of these tracks have not lived permanently in the lakes. This would be a form of life such as that of insect larvae. The form and construction of these marks is dependent on the animal, its anatomy, its way of life etc., but also on the region in which it lives. The grade of compaction, the water content of the sediment and other physical and chemical conditions are also very important.


We report on the results of a multiwavelength campaign to observe the soft X-ray transient (SXT) and superluminal jet source GRO J1655-40 in outburst using HSTRXTECGRO together with ground-based facilities. This outburst was qualitatively quite different from other SXT outbursts and from previous outbursts of this source. The onset of hard X-ray activity occurred very slowly, over several months, and was delayed relative to the soft X-ray rise. During this period, the optical fluxes declined steadily. This apparent anticorrelation is not consistent with the standard disc instability model of SXT outbursts, nor is it expected if the optical output is dominated by reprocessed X-rays, as in persistent low-mass X-ray binaries. Based on the strength of the 2175-Angstroms interstellar absorption feature we constrain the reddening to be E(B-V)=1.2+/-0.1, a result which is consistent with the known properties of the source and with the strength of interstellar absorption lines. Using this result we find that our dereddened spectra are dominated by a component peaking in the optical, with the expected nu^1/3 disc spectrum seen only in the ultraviolet. We consider possible interpretations of this spectrum in terms of thermal emission from the outer accretion disc and/or secondary star, both with and without X-ray irradiation, and also as non-thermal optical synchrotron emission from a compact self-absorbed central source. In addition to the prominent Heii 4686-Angstroms line, we see Bowen fluorescence lines of Niii and Oiii, and possible P Cygni profiles in the ultraviolet resonance lines, which can be interpreted in terms of an accretion disc wind. The X-ray spectra broadly resemble the high-soft state commonly seen in black hole candidates, but evolve through two substates. Taken as a whole, the outburst data set cannot readily be interpreted by any standard model for SXT outbursts. We suggest that many of the characteristics could be interpreted in the context of a model combining X-ray irradiation with the limit-cycle disc instability, but with the added ingredient of a very large disc in this long-period system.


The densest infrared dark clouds (IRDCs) may represent the earliest observable stage of high-mass star formation. These clouds are very cold, hence they emit mainly at far-infrared and sub-mm wavelengths. For the first time, Herschel has provided multi-wavelength, spatially resolved observations of cores within IRDCs, which, when combined with radiative transfer modelling, can constrain their properties, such as mass, density profile and dust temperature. We use a 3D, multi-wavelength Monte Carlo radiative transfer code to model in detail the emission from six cores in three typical IRDCs seen in the Hi-GAL survey (G030.50+00.95, G031.03+00.26 and G031.03+00.76), and thereby to determine the properties of these cores and compare them with their low-mass equivalents. We found masses ranging from 90 to 290 M⊙ with temperatures from 8 to 11K at the centre of each core and 18 to 28 K at the surface. The maximum luminosity of an embedded star within each core was calculated, and we rule out the possibility of significant high
mass star formation having yet occurred in three of our cores.


This paper analyzes the cosmic microwave background (CMB) to determine the amount of influence each source of foreground contamination has on the microwave background measurements in relation to Faraday rotation. This study extends the analysis of Dineen and Coles, where the authors performed a novel analysis of the correlation between the Faraday rotation measure (RM), Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) sky maps, and CMB maps. Their technique has been replicated for numerous experiments analyzing the CMB. At the time, Dineen and Coles could only use a small Faraday RM dataset to test their hypothesis. With the advent of large, modern, and accurate Faraday rotation data, Dineen and Coles' hypothesis can be validated on a larger scale. We hypothesize that contaminated foreground maps will have more significant and complete cross-correlation with RM than determined by Dineen and Coles. Over 41,000 sources of new RM data were used, compared to the approximately 600 RM sources Dineen and Coles used, allowing for a more definite conclusion about the potential for contamination analysis in temperature maps. Ultimately, a strong correlation was found between the RM and unprocessed CMB maps, but not between RM and the foreground- removed CMB maps, demonstrating the value of cross- correlation between Faraday RM and CMB as a diagnostic for foreground contamination. These results support the conclusions drawn by Dineen and Coles.