The plasminogen activators, tissue type and urokinase type (tPA and uPA, respectively), have been identified in various malignancies and have been implicated in both local growth and metastatic spread. To characterize plasminogen activator expression more fully in human basal cell carcinoma, the localization of uPA and tPA mRNAs was evaluated byin situ hybridization. Nodular basal cell carcinomas demonstrated uPA expression in most cases, whereas the non‐nodular subtypes were negative. Message for uPA was identified within tumour islands (11/12 cases), scattered fibroblast‐like stromal cells (6/12 cases), and the basal layer of the overlying epidermis (10/12 cases). In addition, signal for uPA was elevated and pronounced in areas where the epidermis merged into invasive basal cell carcinoma in the superficial papillary dermis in some cases. Message for uPA was often associated with ulceration or erosion of the overlying epithelium. Expression of tPA was noted in the epidermis (3/12 cases) and in tumour cells (4/12 cases), but tended to be focal and sparse. These results suggest that complex interactions involving uPA expression occur between the tumour, the stroma, and the overlying epidermis. Both the stroma and the epidermis may contribute to local spread of the tumour through production of uPA and consequent plasmin‐mediated activation of collagenases and metalloproteinases.


We examine the role of intangible capital investment in firm growth in sales and productivity over age. To this end, we first document how firm sales evolve with age using a large dataset from Japan covering the periods of 1991 and 1994-2015. Second, we construct a model to show the relationship between firm sales and the three parameters: markup, physical productivity (TFPQ), and factor price distortion, which vary across firms and over time. We estimate these parameters at the firm-year level using the dataset and quantify the impacts of each parameter on sales growth by simulating the hypothetical sales growth with each parameter fixed to the initial value for each firm. Third, we estimate the effects of intangible capital on sales through each parameter of sales. Our findings can be summarized as follows. First, firm sales grow with age up to about 30 years after entry. Second, TFPQ increases with firm age and has dominant effects on sales growth compared to markup and factor price distortion. Third, intangible capital has significant effects on sales growth through TFPQ. Among the three types of intangible capital, organizational capital accounts for a major portion of sales growth.


Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are playing increasingly important roles on the battlefield and in our everyday lives. In military missions, they perform intelligence gathering, surveillance, and reconnaissance. In the civilian arena, UAVs provide climate monitoring [1], [2]; pipeline inspection [3]; farm management [4], and pollution monitoring [5]. Some enterprising realtors have even used them for virtual home tours [6]! Recent legislation will further promote the civilian use of UAVs by requiring the Federal Aviation Authority (FAA) to open the skies to UAV use in a variety of commercial applications. While the international community has not come to a consensus on permissible civilian UAV use, the European Union has a number of ongoing initiatives to mirror the FAA's actions [7].


Pinerua, R. F. and Hartnett, B. J. S. (1974).Thorax, 29, 599-602. Acute pulmonary reaction to nitrofurantoin. Acute pulmonary reaction to nitrofurantoin is a rare complication of a commonly used drug. This report of such a reaction presents studies of pulmonary function more detailed than are so far available. Studies made nine days after the drug had been withdrawn showed arterial hypoxaemia and abnormalities in ventilation-perfusion relationships. Challenge with 200 mg nitrofurantoin produced increased minute ventilation, hypoxaemia, hypocapnia, deterioration in ventilation-perfusion relationships, marked veno-arterial shunting, and a fall in steady-state transfer factor for carbon monoxide and fractional carbon monoxide uptake. Spirometry and lung volume measurements indicated a restrictive lung abnormality without effect on large airways which persisted for at least nine weeks. Three years later there had been complete resolution of the process, apart from some persistent reduction in transfer factor, possibly related to the patient's smoking habits.


Tsuneichi Miyamoto (1907-1981), a leading Japanese folklore scholar and rural advocate, walked 160,000 kilometers to conduct interviews and capture a dying way of life. This collection of photos, vignettes, and life stories from pre- and postwar rural Japan is the first English translation of his modern Japanese classic. From blowfish to landslides, Miyamoto's stories come to life in Jeffrey Irish's fluid translation.


The heat and water cycles of the Baltic Sea are calculated utilizing multi-year model simulations. This is one of the major objectives of the BALTEX program. For the period 1988-1993, results of a 3D ice-ocean model forced with observed atmospheric surface fields are compared with results of a fully coupled atmosphere-ice-ocean model using re-analysis data at the lateral boundaries. The state-of-the-art coupled model system has been developed for climate study purposes in the Nordic countries. The model domain of the atmosphere model covers Scandinavia, Europe and parts of the North Atlantic whereas the ocean model is limited to the Baltic Sea. The annual and monthly mean heat budgets for the Baltic Sea are calculated from the dominating surface fluxes, i.e. sensible heat, latent heat, net longwave radiation and solar radiation to the open water or to the sea ice. The main part of the freshwater inflow to the Baltic is the river runoff. A smaller part of about 11 % is added from net precipitation. The heat and water cycles are compared with the results of a long-term simulation (1980-1993) using the stand-alone Baltic Sea model forced with observed atmospheric surface fields. In general, both approaches, using the uncoupled or coupled Baltic Sea model, give realistic estimates of the heat and water cycles and are in good agreement with results of other studies. However, in the coupled model the parameterizations of the latent heat flux and the incoming longwave radiation need to be improved.


This paper examines various lines of evidence for the classification and linguistic affiliation of writing at Late Preclassic Kaminaljuyu. The linguistic evidence for the ethnic composition of the Maya highlands and Pacific slopes during the Late Preclassic period points to contact among Ch'olan-Tzeltalan, Greater K'iche'an, and other non-Mayan languages, and to a dominant political economic role of Ch'olan-Tzeltalan. The epigraphic evidence supports classifying the script together with the Lowland Mayan script, and separately from the Epi-Olmec script, and hints at the presence of uniquely Ch'olan traits, some of which have been pointed out by other authors. A comparison with contemporaneous texts of unambiguous Lowland Mayan (Ch'olan or Yukatekan) affiliation suggests an overlap of orthographic, calligraphic, and semantic traits. Both lines of evidence support the hypotheses that Ch'olan-Tzeltalan speakers were the innovators of the Maya script, and that such a development perhaps took place in the Maya highlands. At the very least, the evidence points to a much closer relationship between the Maya highlands and lowlands during the Late Preclassic than previously thought.


From 2004, Medellin, Colombia's, dramatic urban renaissance has seen architecture used as a strategic visual and material tool in the implementation of its political project, Social Urbanism. The co-opt of architecture into the city's narrative of historic violence and its image of transformation explains its role in the changing perception of Medellin. This paper uses the Parque Biblioteca Espana Santo Domingo (the Spanish Library) to explore this binary perception, uncovering the spatial and symbolic characteristics of architecture distinctly connected to the city's political and socio-cultural ambitions. Examining tensions occurring at the intersection of capital flow, governance, and mass media, the library unfolds Medellin's landscape of power to reveal the structural changes brought on by architecture's tectonics and its image. Dismantling the binary, the paper reconstructs the trajectory of the city's urban development and asks: is the social impact of architecture in Medellin dislocated from the reality of its everyday conditions?


: Fibromatosis plantaris, also called Ledderhose disease, is presented on the basis of the limited literature available. The possible causes are mentioned. Two cases are reported of patients suffering from fibromatosis palmaris (Dupuytren) on both hands and fibromatosis plantaris (Ledderhose) on both feet simultaneously. It is suggested that more attention be paid to examination of the soles of the feet, especially after a period of immobilization and plaster fixation of the shank. On diagnosis of Ledderhose disease, surgery should be performed before the often irreversible deformation of the toes develops.


Discussions concerning asbestos may be emotive. Asbestos has the potential to adversely affect health, and the topic engenders fierce debate at public and academic forums. South Africa was a large producer and consumer of asbestos and, although its use is banned, the topic remains pertinent as our country has been left with a legacy of asbestos and asbestos products in the environment. This article discusses two currently controversial aspects of asbestos : its presence in asbestos cement roofs; and the relationship between asbestos fibre size and toxicity. In the 1970s, the South African economy was based on mining and, in addition to being the world's leading gold producer; South Africa was the world's third largest producer of asbestos. Three types of asbestos were mined commercially in large quantities, namely: chrysotile (white), crocidolite (riebeckite, blue) and, unique to South Africa, amosite (grunerite, brown). The fibrous mineral was milled locally and while most of it was exported, it was used locally to manufacture products including asbestos cement products such as roof sheets.


Background and Objectives:
 Many adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) live years with good quality of life and do not progress to dementia. It is unclear whether patients with pre-existing MCI (without dementia) are less likely to receive effective treatments for acute ischemic stroke than patients without MCI. We measured differences in intravenous (IV) tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) treatment for ischemic stroke between MCI patients and cognitively normal patients in a population-based stroke surveillance project.

 Methods:
 Cross-sectional analysis of prospectively obtained data of 626 first-ever ischemic stroke subjects 45 years or older without dementia in the Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi (BASIC) project from 2008 to 2012. We compared receipt of IV t-PA from chart abstraction between subjects with prestroke MCI (Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly [IQCODE] score >3 and <3.44, a valid measure of prestroke MCI) and those with normal cognition (IQCODE score ≤3). We examined associations between receipt of t-PA and cognitive status using logistic regression and adjusting for age and sex as well as variables that were significantly associated with both MCI and receipt of t-PA.

 Results:
 Stroke patients with MCI (median age, 70 years; interquartile range (IQR), 60-79 years; n=233) were more likely than cognitively normal patients (median age, 63 years; IQR, 55-73 years; n=393) to be older and women (both P<0.01), and to have a do-not-resuscitate (DNR) order (P=0.01). Patients with MCI were less likely to receive IV t-PA for acute ischemic stroke compared with cognitively normal patients (6% vs. 10.7%; unadjusted odds ratio (OR), 0.53; 95% CI, 0.29-1.00; P=0.05). MCI patients remained significantly less likely to receive t-PA compared with cognitively normal patients after adjusting for age, sex, DNR status, and stroke severity (adjusted OR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.23-0.97; P=0.04).

 Conclusion:
 Patients with MCI are less likely to receive t-PA for acute ischemic stroke compared with cognitively normal patients. Research is needed to determine whether these treatment differences are the result of differences in treatment eligibility, patient/ family preferences, or a less aggressive approach to MCI patients.


A reverse k-nearest neighbour (RkNN) query determines the objects from a database that have the query as one of their k-nearest neighbors. Processing such a query has received plenty of attention in research. However, the effect of running multiple RkNN queries at once (join) or within a short time interval (bulk/group query) has, to the best of our knowledge, not been addressed so far. In this paper, we analyze RkNN joins and discuss possible solutions for solving this problem. During our performance analysis we provide evaluation results showing the IO and CPU performance of the compared algorithms for a variety of different setups.


Karim Mohamed Soliman Building a resilient supply chain model in the Middle East Region: an empirical study on Fast Moving Consumer Goods industry Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) supply chains (SCs) are becoming more and more vulnerable to different types of risks due to the increasing complexity of markets, uncertainties, and turbulence, especially in the Middle East Region (MER). The main reason behind this is the political and economic instabilities resulting from the Arab Spring revolutions which affected all SC entities. There is an urgent need to investigate how to build resilient SCs that can help all partners in the chain to proactively identify and sidestep risks, and bounce back more quickly in the case of disruptions. For this reason, this research focuses on the creation of effective SC resilience model that could help companies to avoid SC risks to reduce vulnerability instead of being reactive toward disruptions. A conceptual model for SC resilience has been developed which identified three main constructs of SC resilience: risks, capabilities, and key performance indicators (KPIs). The links between the three constructs have been established. The empirical study has been conducted in two stages. In stage one, semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect data from 30 companies in FMCG SCs operating in the MER. A combination of thematic and comparative analysis has been used to analyse the qualitative data collected from the interviews in order to identify the main themes (types of risks and their causes, capabilities, and relevant KPIs), and to find the relations between themes. In stage 2, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to prioritize and rank the risks, capabilities, and KPIs using pairwise comparisons by taking into account opinions and preferences from SC managers in the FMCG industry in the MER. Preceding the analysis, a second round of structured interviews according to AHP process were conducted with the same 30 companies used in stage one. The thesis adds to the SC resilience literature by empirically explore the main causes of SC vulnerabilities that the FMCG SCs face in the MER and how companies can increase their capabilities to improve the resilience performance of the entire chain. An important contribution of this thesis is the development of the model for SC resilience in FMCG industry in MER context, that provides a useful reference model to assist managers in build a resilient SC, specifically, by identifying the main types of risks and their sources, by defining relevant capabilities that can help anticipate and overcome risks, and by recommending appropriate KPIs that can act as a sensor to market dynamics in the FMCG industry in MER. The model with the matrices (of risks-capabilities-KPIs) developed in this research established the links and interactions among the risks, capabilities, and KPIs which have great potential in guiding decision makers through the SC management (SCM) process, so that more informed decisions can be made and implemented for important risks to be avoided and to create more resilient FMCG SCs.


" A HISTORY OF FINE ART IN INDIA AND CEYLON " Two regrettable errors occur on p. 315 of my book in the citation of Mr. Ha veil's views on Tibetan painting. The quotation " splendid in drawing ", etc., is applicable, not to plate xlix of Indian Sculpture and Painting, but to a large painting in Berlin ; and the reference to Mr. Havell's criticism of his plate ]i is inaccurate. His praise refers only to the upper figures in that composition, and not to the principal figure, which he correctly describes as a " monstrosity " of " thoroughly degenerate type ". I cannot explain the lapse of attention which caused me to make incorrect notes on the subject, and can only express my regret at the inadvertent misrepresentation of Mr. Havell's opinions. VINCENT A. SMITH. January 16, 1913.


Summary There are compelling reasons to encourage the employment of Indigenous Australians in the forestry sector. The benefits of, and constraints to, Indigenous employment in the sector were examined using a case study approach focused on Indigenous participation in 'Operation Farm Clear', an emergency response following Cyclone Larry in northern Queensland in 2006. The findings suggested that, given a supportive environment, there are opportunities for Indigenous people to benefit from employment in the forestry sector. These benefits included skill development and increased confidence, the opportunity for employment and participation in land management. The findings also highlighted constraints that could limit the delivery of these benefits. Constraints included an insufficient level of relevant skill or experience, lack of a supportive environment, the difficulty of balancing Indigenous and non-Indigenous cultures, and limitations related to the nature of the forestry sector. In the case study, the most important factors for the realisation of benefits were the provision of long-term support and opportunities for ongoing training and employment, and the peer support provided by other Indigenous employees.


In the last three decades, development of new information and communication technology has affected the methods of bank services to the customers. The points that are very important to notice are active and provident characteristics of electronic banking in comparison to traditional banking, but despite positive characteristics of electronic banking, it does not have any dependable place among customers yet. In this regard, present research offers a compound model of traditional and online factors effects on customers trust in electronic banking and widespread advertisements. For this purpose, we have used a standard questionnaire on the basis of Likert dividing. 383 customers of Iran Mellat bank branch in Shiraz have been tested randomly. Information analyses have been done with the method of descriptive and deductive statistics and using statistics software Amos20. The results show that both traditional and website bank characteristics influence customers trust in electronic banking, also the coordinator role of traditional services quality in relation with traditional characteristics with trust in electronic banking was rejected.


Carbon flow through pelagic food webs is an expression of the composition, biomass and activity of phytoplankton as primary producers. In the near future, severe environmental changes in the Arctic Ocean are expected to lead to modifications of phytoplankton communities. Here, we used a combination of linear inverse modeling and ecological network analysis to study changes in food webs before, during, and after an anomalous warm water event in the eastern Fram Strait of the West Spitsbergen Current (WSC) that resulted in a shift from diatoms to flagellates during the summer (June–July). The model predicts substantial differences in the pathways of carbon flow in diatom- vs. Phaeocystis/nanoflagellate-dominated phytoplankton communities, but relatively small differences in carbon export. The model suggests a change in the zooplankton community and activity through increasing microzooplankton abundance and the switching of meso- and macrozooplankton feeding from strict herbivory to omnivory, detritivory and coprophagy. When small cells and flagellates dominated, the phytoplankton carbon pathway through the food web was longer and the microbial loop more active. Furthermore, one step was added in the flow from phytoplankton to mesozooplankton, and phytoplankton carbon to higher trophic levels is available via detritus or microzooplankton. Model results highlight how specific changes in phytoplankton community composition, as expected in a climate change scenario, do not necessarily lead to a reduction in carbon export.


Plastic pollution is recognized as a global environmental threat and concern is increasing regarding the potential interactions of the smallest fragments, nanoplastics (1 µm), with either physical and chemical entities encountered in the natural environment, including toxic pollutants. The smallest size of nanoplastics (<100 nm) rebounds to their safety associated with remarkable biological, chemical and physical reactivity that allow them to interact with cellular machinery by crossing biological barriers and causing damage to living beings. Recent findings on nanoplastic occurrence in marine coastal waters, including the Mediterranean Sea, leave open the question on their ability to act as a vector of other contaminants of emerging concerns (CECs) concomitantly released by wastewater treatment plants and reaching marine coastal waters. Here, we assess for the first time the role of non-functionalized polystyrene nanoparticles (PS NPs, 20 nm) as a proxy for nanoplastics (1 and 10 µg/mL) alone and in combination with bisphenol A (BPA) (4.5 and 10 µM) on Ciona robusta embryos (22 h post fertilization, hpf) by looking at embryotoxicity through phenotypic alterations. We confirmed the ability of BPA to impact ascidian C. robusta embryo development, by affecting sensory organs pigmentation, either alone and in combination with PS NPs. Our findings suggest that no interactions are taking place between PS NPs and BPA in filtered sea water (FSW) probably due to the high ionic strength of seawater able to trigger the sorption surface properties of PS NPs. Further studies are needed to elucidate such peculiarities and define the risk posed by combined exposure to BPA and PS NPs in marine coastal waters.


A stressor-related disorder wherein traumatic experience precipitates protracted disruptions to mood and cognition, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with wide-ranging abnormalities across the body. While various methods have investigated these deviations, only proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) enables noninvasive measurement of small-molecule metabolites in the living human. 1H MRS has correspondingly been employed to test hypotheses about the composition and function of multiple brain regions putatively involved in PTSD. Here we systematically review methodological considerations and reported findings, both positive and negative, of the current 1H-MRS literature in PTSD (N = 32 studies) to communicate the brain regional metabolite alterations heretofore observed, providing random-effects model meta-analyses for those most extensively studied. Our review suggests significant PTSD-associated decreases in N-acetyl aspartate in bilateral hippocampus and anterior cingulate cortex with less evident effect in other metabolites and regions. Model heterogeneities diverged widely by analysis (I2 < 0.01% to 90.1%) and suggested regional dependence on quantification reference (creatine or otherwise). While observed variabilities in methods and reported findings suggest that 1H-MRS explorations of PTSD could benefit from methodological standardization, informing this standardization by quantitative assessment of the existing literature is currently hampered by its small size and limited scope.


In modern realities, the design of conceptual aspects of educational inclusion is the actual research problem. The key concept for the formation of an inclusive platform of an educational organization is "organizational culture" which is understood as the result of the complex integrative interaction of the educational process participants and various learning environments created in the space of educational organizations of megacities. The purpose of the present study is to substantiate the need to support and develop organizational culture by different participants, including pupils with health limitations. This naturally removes the restrictions on any kind of support, care, and accompaniment that children with developmental disabilities can receive in an inclusive educational organization to achieve social and academic success. The review presented in the article is based on the analysis of several significant scientific and practical studies on the concerned problem. Following this goal, the article reveals the conditions for building, as well as trends in the development of an inclusive culture in educational organizations, which is necessary for the effective inclusion of the latter in a broader inclusive educational environment. The article emphasizes that different actors need different training to implement organizational culture, which significantly affects the involvement of different learning environments as an incubator in such training. The authors carried out the analysis of the Russian and Western models of organizational culture. Based on the data of foreign studies, the authors show the characteristic features of the European model of an organizational inclusive culture, as well as list the basic principles necessary to form an organizational culture included in the inclusive practice of an educational organization in the Russian Federation.


Why are some people more successful than others at fitting in culturally over time? Prior research has offered divergent and seemingly inconsistent answers to this question. One perspective has highlighted the importance of shared values in shaping behavior, while another has emphasized the role of situational cues and the ability to read the group's cultural code. We develop a theoretical account that reconciles these competing perspectives. Drawing on dual-process theories of culture and cognition and the distinction between constrained and unconstrained situations, we develop a situated theory of cultural fit. We argue that values matter for behavior in unconstrained situations--in particular, for the choice to remain at or voluntarily exit from the organization. In contrast, perceptual accuracy matters for behavior in constrained situations--specifically, for the capacity to exhibit real-time linguistic conformity with peers. We further show that a person's behavior and perceptual accuracy are both influenced by observations of others' behavior, whereas value congruence is less susceptible to peer influence. Drawing on email and survey data from a mid-sized technology firm, we use the tools of computational linguistics and machine learning to develop longitudinal measures of cognitive and behavioral cultural fit. We also take advantage of a reorganization that produced quasi-exogenous shifts in employees' interlocutors to identify the causal impact of peer influence. We discuss implications of these findings for research on person-culture fit, cultural change and transmission, dual-process models of culture and cognition, and the pairing of surveys with digital trace data.


ABSTRACT Recently, virtual reality seems to be deevloping rapidly. However, it can be said that virtual reality is in the early days of adoption for education. Studies show that using virtual reality in education can positively affect students' learning experiences. In this study, the effect of an educational virtual reality game, named "Keşfet Kurtul", on fourth-grade students' academic achievement in fractions and their engagement to mathematics was investigated. The experimental study was carried out using a quasi-experimental design. The educational VR game was used in the treatment group (N = 32). In the comparison group (N = 32), the method applied in school, which includes predominantly mobile applications developed in fractions, were used. As a result of the research; the educational VR game "Keşfet Kurtul" was found to increase academic achievement and to maintain the level of student engagement in mathematics. It was determined that the experimental method has the same effect as the method applied in school in the comparison group, in terms of academic achievement and student engagement to mathematics. Besides, in terms of social sub-dimension of student engagement, it was observed that Keşfet Kurtul was more effective than the method applied in school.


We present a new algorithm for determining minimal length paths between two regions on a three dimensional surface. The numerical implementation is based on finding equal geodesic distance contours from a given area. These contours are calculated as zero sets of a bivariate function designed to evolve so as to track the equal distance curves on the given surface. The algorithm produces all paths of minimal length between the source and destination areas on the surface given as height values on a rectangular grid. >


With reports describing continued improvements in the success rates of hypospadias repair using contemporary one-stage techniques, only a minority of pediatric patients requires secondary urethroplasty to address significant complications. In the adult, the reconstructive urologic surgeon may similarly encounter the patient who requires extensive primary or secondary urethral reconstruction for stricture disease.


Significance: The demand for wound care therapies is increasing. New wound care products and devices are marketed at a dizzying rate. Practitioners must make informed decisions about the use of medical devices for wound healing therapy. This paper provides updated evidence and recommendations based on a review of recent publications. Recent Advances: The published literature on the use of medical devices for wound healing continues to support the use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy, negative pressure wound therapy, and most recently electrical stimulation. Critical Issue: To inform wound healing practitioners of the evidence for or against the use of medical devices for wound healing. This information will aid the practitioner in deciding which technology should be accepted or rejected for clinical use. Future Directions: To produce high quality, randomized controlled trials or acquire outcome-based registry databases to further test and improve the knowledge base as it relates to the use of medical devices ...


A friend and I were discussing this. We both try to stay healthy by eating well (high fiber, low fat, lots of veggies, fruit, etc.) and living an active enough lifestyle (hiking, rock climbing, biking, etc.) that we stay in shape. The question we have, then, is what the current "rules" are for appropriate weight/height ratios? Or are such measurements now thrown out in favor of body fat percentage measurements? She's 5'1" and I'm 6'1" and we're curious what the medical rule of thumb would be for how much each of us "should" weigh...mostly because we're wondering if it takes into account things like muscle mass. What would the current medical/health industry recommend each of us weigh? Are these numbers accepted or are they seen as not as important as they might have been 20 years ago. If you have actual numbers, we'd be curious to see that too. Thanks! I have a dinner riding on this!


An apatite coating by an alternate soaking was undertaken on commercially pure titanium (cpTi) treated with concentrated acid and alkaline solutions. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns indicated that the diffraction peak intensities assigned to hydroxyapatite (HAp) increased with the reaction cycle. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic study (FTIR) showed similar results with XRD. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) of the deposits showed no observable change after the vacuum firing. It was confirmed that the reaction cycle greatly affected on the deposited amount of apatite on cpTi plates using the alternate soaking and the vacuum firing erased TiH2 formed during the acid etching, but was irrelevant to the crystallinity of the apatite.


This thesis investigates three major issues in the active field of content-based image retrieval (CBIR), which are feature aggregation for similarity measure, robust contentbased image retrieval and retrieval model by incorporating background knowledge. Feature aggregation computes image similarity by fusing multiple distances obtained using pairs of visual feature and distance measure. To explore the mechanism of various aggregation functions, a new feature aggregation framework is proposed to unify multiple existing methods. With multi-example query, each visual feature is of different importance to different query examples, which results in a localized feature aggregation method. A series paradigm is proposed for feature aggregation to exploit the discriminant power of individual visual features, in contrast to conventional parallel paradigm. The robustness of CBIR systems can affect system performance and user satisfaction. This thesis identifies and addresses two robustness problems in CBIR. Firstly, an unclean query can influence the retrieval accuracy since some noisy query examples are unable to describe user information need. To address this problem, a robust CBIR scheme is proposed by incorporating noise tolerant classification techniques. Secondly, in large image collections, some classes are predefined while some are hidden. The CBIR systems employing image classification can not effectively handle the queries associated with the hidden classes. To address this problem, a robust CBIR scheme is proposed. The retrieval performance can be improved effectively by incorporating background knowledge. For this purpose, a bag of images (BoI) model is proposed for CBIR. The BoI model can express background knowledge more effectively than conventional pairwise constraints, which are demonstrated by two applications. Based on the BoI model, a new clustering method is developed, which can learn a localized similarity measure for each image cluster. A number of experiments validate the effectiveness of the BoI model.


Many problems in areas such as compressive sensing and coding theory seek to design a set of equal-norm vectors with large angular separation. This idea is essentially equivalent to constructing a frame with low coherence. The elements of such frames can in turn be used to build high-performance spherical codes, quantum measurement operators, and compressive sensing measurement matrices, to name a few applications. In this paper, we allude to the group-frame construction first described by Slepian and further explored in the works of Vale and Waldron. We present a method for selecting representations of a finite group to construct a group frame that achieves low coherence. Our technique produces a tight frame with a small number of distinct inner product values between the frame elements, in a sense approximating a Grassmannian frame. We identify special cases in which our construction yields some previously known frames with optimal coherence meeting the Welch lower bound, and other cases in which the entries of our frame vectors come from small alphabets. In particular, we apply our technique to the problem choosing a subset of rows of an Hadamard matrix so that the resulting columns form a low-coherence frame. Finally, we give an explicit calculation of the average coherence of our frames, and find regimes in which they satisfy the strong coherence property described by Mixon, Bajwa, and Calderbank.


Evolution in the diet of the Poles, associated with a greater awareness of the nutritional-health, forced food producers new ways of production and food processing. An example of an innovative product is the meat with reduced fat content, which is more and more popular in the world. The purpose of the article was to assess the level of consumer acceptance process of lowering the level of fat in the meat and to understand the benefits that may result from this process. The quantitative study was conducted on a sample of 1,000 respondents in 2011. It was found that 70.6% of respondents accept the process of reducing the fat content of the meat, and more than ½ of the respondents expressed their willingness to buy such meat. The results may be a signal to producers of modern consumers expect innovative changes in the meat market.


A reversible optical storage medium with more than 4 × 104 write/erase cycles has been realized using a low-doped Te film of composition Te96.8As3.0Ge0.2 encapsulated by a thick capping layer. A number of properties relevant to its storage application were also determined experimentally: the sensitivity range for writing (0.3–4 nJ) and erasing (34–40 nJ), the contrast of the readout signal (2:1), the limit for the erasing time (≈ 10 μsec), the bit permanence (3 weeks), and the readout signal behavior during writing and erasing.


The downhole liquid atomization by supersonic nozzle is an economic and efficient way to alleviate the liquid loading, but the optimal efficiency conditions are still not clear. In this paper, experimental studies were conducted in a 6-m long and 30-mm inner diameter vertical Perspex pipe to evaluate the performance of supersonic nozzle in different conditions. Camera was employed to record the characteristic of fluid flow downstream the nozzle, and the MATLAB was used in combination with DIP-image technology to determine the diameter of droplets. The experimental results show that mist is easy to be captured by the liquid bulk due to the liquid loading downstream the nozzle when the gas-liquid two phase flow pattern downstream nozzle is non-annular flow, thus leading to a failure of this technology. Due to the huge temperature drop in the annular flow condition, small fraction of mist is condensed into droplets and then attaches onto the pipe wall, forming liquid film. The remaining mist can still flow upwards. In this article, when the gas velocities upstream the nozzle range from 2.4m/s to 3.2m/s, the size of droplets range from 50μm to 1000μm correspondingly. Field application indicates that this technology under the effective operating envelops are able to be efficient to remove the liquid-loading, and the gas wells can maintain a long-term stable production.


Double-stranded cDNA of in vitro polyadenylated tobacco streak virus (TSV) RNA 3 has been cloned and sequenced. The complete primary structure of 2,205 nucleotides reveals two open reading frames flanked by a leader sequence of 210 bases, an intercistronic region of 123 nucleotides and a 3'-extracistronic sequence of 288 nucleotides. The 5'-terminal open reading frame codes for a Mr 31,742 protein, which probably corresponds to the only in vitro translation product of TSV RNA 3. The 3'-terminal coding region predicts a Mr 26,346 protein, probably the viral coat protein, which is the translation product of the subgenomic messenger, RNA 4. Although the coat proteins of alfalfa mosaic virus (A1MV) and TSV are functionally equivalent in activating their own and each others genomes, no homology between the primary structures of those two proteins is detectable.


High-resolution imaging of the human retina has always been a challenge due to imperfect optical properties of the human cornea and lens, which limit the achievable resolution. We present a noniterative digital aberration correction (DAC) to achieve aberration-free cellular-level resolution in optical coherence tomography (OCT) images of the human retina in vivo. The system used is a line-field spectral-domain OCT system with a high tomogram rate, reaching 2.5 kHz. Such a high speed enables us to successfully apply digital aberration correction for not only imaging of human cone photoreceptors but also to obtain an aberration- and defocus-corrected 3D volume. Additionally, we apply DAC on functional OCT angiography data to improve lateral resolution and compensate for defocus. The speed necessities for the use of DAC in patient imaging are quantified by measuring the axial motion of 36 subjects. The first demonstration of DAC on OCT angiography as well as the motion analysis is important for future work dealing with DAC.


Breast cancer is a health problem in Cuba with a high yearly incidence. To characterize those women supposed carriers of breast neoplasia seen in the central breast consultation over 2005; we describe the present echography and mammography alterations identifying the relation among imaging and cytology studies. A crosssectional and descriptive research was conducted in the "Dr. Salvador Allende" Clinical Surgical Hospital prescribing them ultrasound (US), mammography and fine needle aspiration biopsy in 60 women. Different variables were characterized. There was predominance in age-groups of 40-79 years. Fifteen had pathologic maternal backgrounds of breast cancer; six had personal pathologic backgrounds of breast disease and six had an early menarche among other entities. Factors like nulliparity and the first labor at 30 years old were not much significant. In both imaging studies the lesion is more frequent in the left breast CSE with irregular edges larger than 10 mm. Almost more than the third part showed, according mammography, potential malignant microcalcifications. These and others elements allowed us to classify more than a half of patients within the category of "highly suggestive of malignancy". The relation between both imaging studies including the cytology study, yielded significant results showed in conclusions also summarizing the characterization of the proposed variables and the results of diagnostic studies conducted.


A combination of molecular modeling, DFT calculations, and advanced solid-state NMR experiments is used to elucidate the supramolecular structure of a series of benzoxazine oligomers. Intramolecular hydrogen bonds are characterized and identified as the driving forces for ring-shape and helical conformations of trimeric and tetrameric units. In fast MAS (1)H NMR spectra, the resonances of the protons forming the hydrogen bonds can be assigned and used for validating and refining the structure by means of DFT-based geometry optimizations and (1)H chemical-shift calculations. Also supporting these proposed structures are homonuclear (1)H[bond](1)H double-quantum NMR spectra, which identify the local proton-proton proximities in each material. Additionally, quantitative (15)N[bond](1)H distance measurements obtained by analysis of dipolar spinning sideband patterns confirm the optimized geometry of the tetramer. These results clearly support the predicted helical geometry of the benzoxazine polymer. This geometry, in which the N...H...O and O...H...O hydrogen bonds are protected on the inside of the helix, can account for many of the exemplary chemical properties of the polybenzoxazine materials. The combination of advanced experimental solid-state NMR spectroscopy with computational geometry optimizations, total energy, and NMR spectra calculations is a powerful tool for structural analysis. Its results provide significantly more confidence than the individual measurements or calculations alone, in particular, because the microscopic structure of many disordered systems cannot be elucidated by means of conventional methods due to lack of long-range order.


Advance transformative research for the 2030 agenda Since the United Nations (UN) launched the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development in 2015, the global health community has grown accustomed to the new catalog of 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs, 2016–2030), and even to the criticism that has been leveled at numerous imprecise targets. SDG 3 makes universal health coverage (UHC, Target 3.8) central to achieving the principal health goal of healthy lives and well-being for all at all ages, and sets targets for reducing the burden of noncommunicable diseases and injuries, a conspicuous omission from the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 2000–2015) which focused on maternal and child health and major communicable diseases. But the greater ambition of the 2030 Agenda is to anchor health in development, recognizing that good health depends on and contributes to other development goals, underpinning social justice, economic prosperity, and environmental protection. These aspirations have been frequently voiced but scarcely pursued, and the SDGs are often treated simply as a checklist of new goals and targets. Yet their potential is far greater—collectively they should be a force for discovery of new ways to achieve better health and well-being. To this end, the legacy of the MDGs, and the structure of the SDGs, lead to a testable proposition for research: Advance health and development by expanding the scope and enhancing the effectiveness of the systems and services that prevent and treat illness. At stake is the question of how to accelerate gains in health through broad-based sustainable development, building on successes and compensating for weaknesses of targeted, time-limited health programs.


Pain is a complex phenomenon defined as an aversive sensory or emotional experience, where there is awareness of tissue damage or tissue integrity threat, with physiological and behavioral changes that aim to reduce or avoid occurrence of such damage. This study aimed to develop and evaluate an alternative low cost assessment method of the cutaneous nociceptive threshold in horses. The device used to assess the nociceptive threshold was constructed using an infrared 250W, 220V light bulb equipped with a mechanism to standardize the distance between the light bulb and the cutaneous surface of the animals. Six adult horses, males and females, were submitted to three evaluations. The results were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey's Multiple Comparison Test as post-test. No differences were observed among the evaluations (p>0,05), indicating that this method fulfills the aim to emit a standard nociceptive stimulus able to trigger a regular and qualitatively similar response between the tested subjects. We concluded that the studied equipment can be constructed at an accessible cost and it has potential to be applied in models of experimental pain, although some improvements are needed.


Australia should introduce a transformative use exception. Transformative use is an important part of the copyright balance: it provides a mechanism through which to balance the rights of past authors against the interests of future authors. In the interests of promoting creativity and innovation, the impact of copyright law on the ability of Australians to create new works should be minimised. The scope of a transformative use exception should be based primarily on demonstrable harm to the direct licensing interests of copyright owners – the core of copyright. Importantly, however, there are unresolved questions about fairness that need to be more clearly addressed before the appropriate scope of a transformative use exception can be determined.

This submission does not directly address the desirability of introducing a broader fair use right. It is likely that an open ended fair use exception is required to provide a more adequate balance between copyright owners and non-transformative users of copyright. If a broad fair use style exception is introduced, it would likely be desirable to include transformative uses within that exception. This submission, however, takes the more limited position that regardless of whether a fair use exception is introduced, an exception that permits unlicensed transformative uses is required in Australian copyright law.


The most widely used technique for studying vibrations of the inner ear utilises the Mossbauer effect; this requires placement of a radioactive source on the basilar membrane. This source, although small in size and less than 37 MBq (1 mCi) in strength, is placed in close proximity to sensitive receptor cells. Using a series solution for the radiation field of a rectangular source the absorbed dose rate delivered to receptor cells at various depths and at points off-axis from the centre of the source is calculated. It is concluded that the dose delivered during the course of a Mossbauer experiment may well be sufficient to damage receptor cells and cause a loss of response.


Excessive fascination with antibiotics as a universal remedy gradually and imperceptibly narrowed the perception of the nature of many diseases.Тo date, the main treatment of acute pneumonia (AP) is similar to the treatment of diseases with fundamental differences in their localization, mechanism of development and clinical manifestations, and the result of medical recommendations is an elementary empirical distribution of antibiotics between different categories of patients. Such a primitive approach to treatment inevitably led to the transformation of views on the nature of AP, which in recent years is increasingly interpreted not as an inflammatory, but as an infectious process (1). Localization of АP in the vascular system of the small circle of blood circulation is its fundamental difference from other inflammatory processes, even in the case of identical pathogens. Reducing the effectiveness of antibiotics and increasing resistance to them microflora every year increase the relevance of this problem. The persistence of high rates of morbidity and mortality in АP, the steady increase in the number of complicated forms, the collapse of hopes for vaccination and the lack of strategic proposals to overcome this situation allow us to consider the study of thirty years ago worthy of close attention of experts. The biological laws of inflammation, already well studied, proven and accepted in the form of classical definitions, have worked, act and will act independently of our perception. Ignoring these stereotypes leads us in the wrong direction from solving the problem (2,3).


Debottlenecking and estimating fouling in a clarifier piping system was analyzed and modified. The existing clarifier piping system fitting data was gathered for the real-world operation from the field. This data was used in Applied Flow Technology (AFT). The two piping roughness factor cases tested were roughness of 0.0005 ft and fouling of 1 inch. The AFT Fathom results showed that without piping modifications and specifying fouling of 1 inch, flow cannot be established due to insufficient driving force for liquid movement. The measured field flow data confirmed that the reduced clarifier capacity was due to high pressure losses in the system. It was found that the existing clarifier nozzle was inadequately designed originally, and replacing the nozzle showed an increase in the clarifier capacity due to reduced air entrainment. These modifications were further adapted in the plant expansion and operations were validated using the actual plant data.


This paper explores the types of shared goals that underlie fundraising activities in web-enabled charitable crowdfunding, as well as how these goals unite donors and fundseekers. A grounded theory analysis is undertaken using a stratified sample of records from Pledgie.com, a crowdfunding website dedicated to charitable causes. Content analysis of these records reveals three types of information sharing associated with successful fundraising (1) information supporting impact (2) information supporting morality and (3) information supporting external relationships. These information types are related back to existing literature on collective action to explain how and why communities of donors form around specific fundraising initiatives. Findings suggest that while most existing models of charitable crowdfunding adopt a view of information sharing based on dyadic communication between donors and fundseekers, charitable crowdfunding should also be viewed as a technological paradigm capable of forming action-oriented collectives based around specific causes, beliefs, and/or identities.


Traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) has received great attention in respect to coral reef associated fisheries as a way to adapt modern management strategies to local environmental and cultural conditions. We analysed the social and cultural roles of TEK for resource management in traditional Melanesian communities in New Caledonia. A multidisciplinary survey of customary marine tenure and fishing regulations on Ouvea, a raised limestone island in New Caledonia, was carried out in 2006. Informants from the main chiefdoms and clans were questioned about past and present fishing activities, maritime territory rights, taboo areas and place names, customary authority, socio-cultural practices and belief related to marine resources, and vernacular knowledge and taxonomy of marine organisms. Results showed that customary fishing rules were primarily related to cultural events and social organization rather than to ecological patterns or economic interests. The relationships between TEK, population needs and uses of the environment were still strong, but have changed since the 1860s. An unquantifiable loss of indigenous knowledge has also occurred. Nowadays, to satisfy food and economic needs, modern users often abandon TEK and behave in relation to their own individual economic perceptions and needs. Better consideration of social and cultural aspects in resource management issues may therefore directly help to increase awareness of resource depletion and biodiversity loss as a basis for achieving long-term ecosystem and economic sustainability in Melanesian islands.


This essay examines the shift in fictional representations of plague and viral infection in relation to technological, medial, and economic developments. Ben Jonson's play The Alchemist and Daniel Defoe's novel A Journal of the Plague Year revolve around historical visitations of plague in London. This study takes London as its constant variable; the city governs our choice of texts. They negotiate anxieties of the early modern era as mercantilism gives way to the process of accumulation tied to the developing free market as theorized by classical political economy. Two recent motion pictures, set during fictional London outbreaks, display a similar preoccupation with transforming economic spaces. In these texts, however, the relatively young figure of the viral zombie stands in place of and performs a function similar to the more venerable plague. Shaun of the Dead and 28 Days Later both serve as vehicles for expression of the ever-accelerating viral nature of global capitalism. By adopting a transhistorical approach, we demonstrate the relationship between media and plague that emerges, as the fact of infection generates not only a surrounding rhetoric of plague but also a veritable plague of rhetorics. In keeping with recent plague scholarship, this approach emphasizes the close kinship between plague and textuality by treating plague as a text to be read on the individual and political body and the structure of plague writing itself as a mirror of its subject, proliferating with a serial contagiousness.


Mitochondrial respiratory disorders are incurable progressive degenerative diseases with multi-organ system manifestations. These orphan diseases are caused by mutations in the nuclear or mitochondrial genome affecting the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system responsible for ATP synthesis. Currently, therapeutic treatments are not available to patients, resulting in significant disability and a poor prognosis. Patients exhibit a constellation of complex neurological and multisystem phenotypic symptoms. The hallmark of these diseases is their clinical heterogeneity and high variability among patients. Consequently, establishing an accurate diagnosis remains a challenging, invasive, and time-consuming process due to the limited sensitivity, specificity and reliability of the current serum biomarkers used in clinical settings. Recent mouse model-based research combined with patient studies led to the identification of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) as a promising serum biomarker. With its high specificity and sensitivity, FGF-21 is a promising diagnostic tool for muscle-affecting mitochondrial respiratory disorders, which might be a useful first-line diagnostic tool instead of the invasive muscle biopsy currently performed in clinical settings. Discovering additional diagnostic biomarkers is critical for establishing an accurate diagnosis given the high clinical heterogeneity of these mitochondrial respiratory diseases. Ultimately, these novel biomarkers might be instrumental to monitor the progression of these diseases and the efficacy of novel therapeutic interventions.


: A dog with forelimb lameness, bilateral retinal detachment, and hemorrhagic diarrhea, died. Necropsy demonstrated multifocal lesions in the skeletal musculature, myocardium, liver, thyroid glands, kidneys, eyes, and brain. Microscopically, the lesions contained numerous organisms and minimal cellular infiltrates. The morphologic and cultural characteristics of the organisms were similar to prototheca. The organisms in tissue sections reacted positively for Prototheca zopfii, using an indirect fluorescent antibody technique.


The research objectives to be achieved in this research was todetermine how much of influence individual factors, social factors and the main factorsin the work together on job satisfaction of administrative employees of IKIP PGRISemarang.The results showed that individual factors (X1) had a positive and significantinfluence on job satisfaction (Y). This was evidenced by the results of regression analysisthat demonstrated the value of [tvalue (Sig.) = 0.036] <0.05. Social factors (X2) had apositive and significant impact on job satisfaction (Y). This was evidenced by the resultsof regression analysis that demonstrate the value of [tvalue (Sig.) = 0.001] <0.05. A mainfactor in employment (X3) had a positive and significant influence on job satisfaction (Y).This was evidenced by the results of regression analysis that demonstrated of the value[tvalue (Sig.) = 0.005] <0.05.Based on the results of this study concluded that individualfactors (X1), social factors (X2) and a main factor in the work (X3) either partially orsimultaneously had significant influence on job satisfaction (Y) Keywords: Individual Factor, Social Factor, Main Factor in the jo,Job Satisfaction.


BACKGROUND
Currently, surveillance of non-fatal agricultural injuries in the U.S. mainly relies on national surveys, and to date, none of these surveys were formally reviewed. Our objective was to review and evaluate these survey-based systems, to identify critical gaps in them and provide recommendations to improve them.

METHODS
We used the updated Center for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines to describe each system and evaluate each system's attributes like simplicity, flexibility, data quality, timeliness, representativeness, etc.

RESULTS
Four adult and two youth national surveys collected data for non-fatal agricultural injuries in the U.S. The evaluation identified three major gaps: 1) insufficient data quality attributed to non-response, measurement errors, and underreporting; 2) untimeliness of data; and 3) lack of flexibility to integrate with other existing systems.

CONCLUSION
Improving data quality, timeliness and flexibility will provide reliable and valid injury estimates, and increase the usefulness of these surveys for surveillance and prevention of farm injuries.


Abstract : An Integrated Propulsion Control System (IPC) was developed using hybrid computer techniques. The system consisted of an inlet control system, an engine control system, and an exhaust nozzle control system. The IPC was mechanized with fluidic subsystems and components. A J85-GE-5 engine was used as the test vehicle to demonstrate the feasibility and capability of the engine control and exhaust nozzle control system to control the engine from sea level static to Mach 2, 40,000 feet altitude inlet conditions. Steady state control is achieved through closed loop speed control; acceleration through closed loop control of turbine inlet temperature. This volume of the final report discusses the development of the fluidic sensing, computation and logic components. These components include fluid amplifiers, computation circuits, compensation networks, both analog and pulse type speed sensors, temperature sensors, a pressure regulator, filters, a fuel valve, fuel pumps, fluid potentiometers, and the concepts and techniques for packaging the components and circuits into a control system. (Author)


PERHAPS FIRST AMONG the handful of projects available to the lyric poet is the effort to uncover and bring to light that which usually remains dark or unformed in our passing experience, to bring into language the feel of life. This project becomes, in George Steiner's words, an attempt to "[relate] the raw material, the anarchic prodigalities of consciousness and subconsciousness to the latencies ... of articulation. This translation out of the inarticulate and private into the general matter of human recognition requires the utmost crystallization and investment of introspection and control" (12). Or, as Hart Crane put it in his 1930 essay on "Modem Poetry," "[t]he poet's concern must be, as always, self-discipline toward a formal integration of experience. For poetry is an architectural art, based ... on the articulation of the contemporary human consciousness sub specie aeternitatis ..." (260). That "experience," that "consciousness," may be understood as the recurrent but always local and historical theme present in the rag-and-bone shop of the heart: that is, how to translate visceral and emotional knowledge, felt thought, into language, and how to make the unseen, that ordinarily invisible backdrop of eternity, seen. The work of contemporary American poet Charles Wright struggles explicitly with this attempt at translation and imagination. His poems are examples of an artistic representation of human feeling, especially human feeling about death and about feeling itself, what Mary Kinzie refers to as "the real content of the inner life" (63). His work articulates the idea that human feeling is available to knowledge both as an impression made upon the poet's sensibility and as an impression made by the poet, through the "architectural" construction of texts, upon the world. The study of Wright's work reveals the role of the image in this translation of emotion into language, and the conceit that image, shaped by the architecture of lyric, may come to function as declarative statement in the exploration of the metaphysical, especially what Wright terms "the metaphysics of the commonplace, the metaphysics of the quotidian" (Halflife, 22). Wright's imagery illustrates one technique by which the poet may articulate "the anarchic prodigalities of consciousness and subconsciousness." Poems selected from among his early work help unpack the construction and significance of Wright's attempt to translate feeling into form by way of the image. Wright began publishing in literary magazines in the 1960s, and his first book, The Grave of the Right Hand, appeared in 1970. Since then he has published an additional nine books, including the recent Chickamauga (1995) and two collections: Country Music (1982) and The World of the Ten Thousand Things (1991), which together include almost every poem published in book form during the previous twenty years. In 1993 he was awarded the Ruth Lily Poetry Prize, and was hailed at the time by Poetry editor Joseph Parisi as "one of the most distinctive voices in American poetry" and as a "master image maker" (qtd. in "News Notes," 246). Helen Vendler, one of the first critics to take note of Wright's work, has said of his image-packed poems that they "cluster, aggregate, radiate, add layers like pearls" (1). This creation of images is at the heart of Wright's poetic practice, of his style. This image-making power--imagination--is, according to Wright, "closely allied to intelligence and logic/reasoning" (Quarter Notes, 34). The image is the figure upon which he structures and builds. Many of Wright's early poems read like the tentative but determined exploration of mental and emotional scars, like knowledge gained with one's fingertips. They display traces of what one might learn from the scrutiny of the non-verbal life, traces of how experience informs our emotional and cognitive knowing. In "Dog Creek Mainline," for instance, a poem from the early seventies that marks a new diction and tone for Wright as well as the emergence of a more forceful syntax, we find this metaphor: "[t]he heart is a hieroglyph" (Country Music, 37). …


To evaluate the effects of acute protein loading on the glomerular filtration rate, albumin excretion rate and concentration of plasma amino acids, ten healthy volunteers and six type 2 diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria were studied before and after eating 0.7 g/kg body weight of tuna fish, boiled egg white, cheese or tofu (bean curd) on separate days. Furthermore, to study the possible role of glucagon, growth hormone, atrial natriuretic peptide and kallikrein in the responses of glomerular filtration rate to protein, these substances were measured before and after ingestion of tuna fish or egg white in six healthy volunteers. In healthy subjects, glomerular filtration rate increased significantly (p less than 0.01) from 98.1 +/- 4.2 ml/min during the baseline period to 129.9 +/- 6.6 ml/min after ingestion of tuna fish. No significant differences were seen between glomerular filtration rate before and after ingestion of egg white, cheese or bean curd. No significant differences were observed between the baseline albumin excretion rate and that after loading with any of the four kinds of protein. Plasma concentrations of alanine, glycine and arginine (amino acids known to induce glomerular hyperfiltration) increased to a greater degree after ingestion of tuna fish than after administration of the other meals. Diabetic subjects and healthy volunteers had similar responses. Plasma glucagon and growth hormone concentrations increased after ingestion of the tuna fish meal or egg white. Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentration and urinary kallikrein excretion were unaffected by ingestion of these two kinds of protein. These findings suggest that responses of glomerular filtration rate to acute protein loading may differ depending on the protein ingested, and that these responses may not be directly induced by glucagon, growth hormone, atrial natriuretic peptide or kallikrein.


Aims: Cheese may have a different effect on lipids and lipoproteins than expected from the saturated fat content. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to examine the effect of cheese consumption on blood lipids and lipoproteins in healthy populations. Methods: A systematic search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Cababstracts, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Clinicaltrials.gov was performed to identify RCTs of cheese supplementation in human adults with total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides as a primary or secondary outcome (published until September 2013). A quantitative meta-analysis was performed if more than four RCTs with a comparable control treatment were available. Within person-differences of lipids with corresponding standard errors caused by the cheese compared to the control treatment were pooled (random effects model, STATA 11.0). Results: We identified 15 RCTs, published between 1978 and 2012. We pooled four RCTs comparing the effect of cheese intake to butter with a similar fat content on plasma levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides. The amount of cheese used in these trials was rather large, ranging between 120 and 205 g/d. This is approximately equivalent to 3 to 5 cheese servings per day. Intake of cheese (weighted mean difference: 142.6 g/d) reduced total cholesterol significantly by -0.27 mmol/l (95% CI: -0.36 to -0.18), LDL-C by -0.21 mmol/l (95% CI: -0.29 to -0.13), and HDL-C by -0.05 (95% CI: -0.08 to -0.02) compared to butter. The pooled effect on triglycerides was 0.004 (95% CI: -0.058 to 0.065). No heterogeneity was observed (all I 2 =0%). Cheese was also compared with tofu (n=4 RCTs), fat-modified cheese (n=3), CLA-rich cheese (n=3), milk (n=2), fish (n=1), egg white (n=1). Trials that compared cheese with tofu or fat-modified cheese suggest that differential effects of the products can mainly be attributed to the differences in fatty acid content of the diets. Comparisons with CLA-rich cheese were of limited value because those studied the effects of CLA (and not cheese). Too few trials with milk, egg white, and fish were available to draw conclusions. Conclusions: Based on a limited number of trials, cheese appears less hypercholesterolemic than butter with a similar fat content. Differences in plasma lipids based on cheese compared with tofu and fat-modified products are likely to be caused by the different fat content of the total diets.


A Thesis Submitted to the Department of Agricultural Engineering, College of Engineering in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of
Master of Philosophy in Bioengineering, 2016


A new code aperture design framework for multiframe code aperture snapshot spectral imaging (CASSI) system is presented. It aims at the optimization of code aperture sets such that a group of compressive spectral measurements is constructed, each with information from a specific subset of bands. A matrix representation of CASSI is introduced that permits the optimization of spectrally selective code aperture sets. Furthermore, each code aperture set forms a matrix such that rank minimization is used to reduce the number of CASSI shots needed. Conditions for the code apertures are identified such that a restricted isometry property in the CASSI compressive measurements is satisfied with higher probability. Simulations show higher quality of spectral image reconstruction than that attained by systems using Hadamard or random code aperture sets.


Through its three novels, set in 1888, 1903 and 1918, Broch's Schlafwandler trilogy traces a progressive fragmentation of social values in late modernity. This article investigates a key marker of this fragmentation: the figuration of individual and collective memory, which undergoes a radical shift between Part I and Part III. In Part I the depiction of memory engages the reader with the protagonist's psychological and moral conflicts and the formation of his individual identity. In Part II memory features as abstract and collective, in allegorical meditations on man's existence in time; in Part III the theme of remembering is largely displaced by that of amnesia, emphasising the isolation of the individual in the era of 'Wertzerfall'. This depiction of cultural disintegration is, however, counterbalanced by the symbolic unity of Die Schlafwandler, whose aesthetic structures play an essential part in what Broch saw as the novel's 'cognitive' task. Here memory features within the reading process itself. To conclude we examine some of the trilogy's densely intersecting leitmotifs that activate the reader's memory in defiance of disintegration and amnesia, and thereby contribute a vital element to the realisation of the 'cognitive novel'.


Introduction: Both Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and fever after spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) have been consistently associated with poor outcomes. Additionally, IVH is an independent risk factor for fever after hemorrhagic stroke (ICH), but it is not known if the degree of intraventricular hemorrhage is predictive of fever. We hypothesized that the extent of intraventricular hemorrhage, defined by modified Graeb score, is associated with intensity of fever. Methods: We performed a single center, retrospective review of consecutively admitted adult patients with spontaneous ICH from April 2008 through June 2009. Patients were divided into two groups; those who registered a temperature of 38.5°C at least once during the first 48 hours of their hospitalization ("Early fever") and those who did not ("No fever"). The degree of IVH was quantified by the Graeb score. Group comparisons were made using a student's t-test for parametric data and a rank sum test for non-parametric data. Simple linear regression was performed to investigate the relationship between maximum temperature within the first 48 hours (Tmax) and Graeb score. Results: Of the 90 patients identified, 20% exhibited early fever. Age and intraparenchymal bleed volume were similar between groups. There was a trend toward more IVH in the febrile group (50% v. 30%, P=0.13), but this did not meet significance. Patients with early fever, however, had higher admission ICH scores (2 [0-2] vs. 1 [1-3], P = 0.01) and modified Graeb scores (1 [0-2] vs. 0 [0-13], P = 0.05). Patients with early fever had a worse GOSE at discharge than those without early fever (3[2-3] v. 3 [3-3], P=0.02). Amongst patients with IVH (n=28), the Graeb score was predictive of the Tmax (t=2.55. CI 0.01-0.08, P=0.02) Conclusion: Early fever in ICH is associated with worse outcomes at discharge. Increasing IVH, as reflected by increasing Graeb scores, is associated with higher temperatures in the first 48 hours of admission after ICH, suggesting early fever may be dose-dependent on the degree of IVH.


Abstract Psychologists are interested in whether friends and couples share similar personalities or not. However, no statistical models are readily available to test the association between personalities and social relations in the literature. In this study, we develop a statistical model for analyzing social network data with the latent personality traits as covariates. Because the model contains a measurement model for the latent traits and a structural model for the relationship between the network and latent traits, we discuss it under the general framework of structural equation modeling (SEM). In our model, the structural relation between the latent variable(s) and the outcome variable is no longer linear or generalized linear. To obtain model parameter estimates, we propose to use a two-stage maximum likelihood (ML) procedure. This modeling framework is evaluated through a simulation study under representative conditions that would be found in social network data. Its usefulness is then demonstrated through an empirical application to a college friendship network.


Semi-Fragile Watermarking could provide an effective solution for both the authentication of image content and the detection of any changes in image. This article puts forward an algorithm of restorable and fragile Watermarking based on fractal compression and differentials record theory. Three components (R, G, B) of a colorful image are processed respectively by fractal compression. In view of cone cells of vision have some differences in sensitivity to color, the compressed data have been stored in B component to restore the colorful image and the R component and G component have been processed with differentials record theory for the detection of any change in image. Several binary images had been stored into B component to resist disarranging. The presentation of modification precisely approaches pixel-level with the help of the algorithm, and the results of tests have proved a good restorability of this algorithm.


Background Tumor mutational burden (TMB) has been investigated as a biomarker for immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Increasingly, TMB is being estimated with gene panel-based assays (as opposed to full exome sequencing) and different gene panels cover overlapping but distinct genomic coordinates, making comparisons across panels difficult. Previous studies have suggested that standardization and calibration to exome-derived TMB be done for each panel to ensure comparability. With TMB cutoffs being developed from panel-based assays, there is a need to understand how to properly estimate exomic TMB values from different panel-based assays. Design: Our approach to calibration of panel-derived TMB to exomic TMB proposes the use of probabilistic mixture models that allow for nonlinear relationships along with heteroscedastic error. We examined various inputs including nonsynonymous, synonymous, and hotspot counts along with genetic ancestry. Using the TCGA cohort we generated a tumor-only version of the panel-restricted data by reintroducing private germline variants. Results: We were able to model more accurately the distribution of both tumor-normal and tumor-only data using the proposed probabilistic mixture models as compared to linear regression. Applying a model trained on tumor-normal data to tumor-only input results in biased TMB predictions. Including synonymous mutations resulted in better regression metrics across both data types, but ultimately a model able to dynamically weight the various input mutation types exhibited optimal performance. Including genetic ancestry improved model performance only in the context of tumor-only data, wherein private germline variants are observed. Significance A probabilistic mixture model better models the nonlinearity and heteroscedasticity of the data as compared to linear regression. Tumor-only panel data is needed to properly calibrate tumor-only panels to exomic TMB. Leveraging the uncertainty of point estimates from these models better informs cohort stratification in terms of TMB.


Hierarchical structures appear often in life and materials sciences, and their characterization profits greatly from imaging methods that allow seamless probing of various length scales without sacrificing image quality. X-ray tomography is particularly adept at probing 3D structures; however, zooming in on a region of interest results in a loss of quantitativeness of image contrast and suffers from artifacts unless a priori knowledge or assumptions about the sample are used. Here, we demonstrate a hybrid technique that exploits a micrometer-resolution overview to realize ab initio nanoscale interior tomography with quantitative contrast. In a study of avian eggshell, a model for bionanoporous materials, our approach reveals a complex arrangement of vesicles with sizes ranging from hundred nanometers to a few micrometers. We anticipate that such an approach can be widely adopted and benefited from at synchrotron and laboratory sources, for instance, where such zooming capabilities are already present or can be readily realized.


Leptin, a 16-kilodalton protein secreted by the adipose tissue in proportion to the amount of energy stored in adipose tissue, conveys to the hypothalamus information on energy homeostasis and regulates reproductive function. In addition, there is accumulating evidence that leptin produced by placental or fetal tissues acts through specific leptin receptors to regulate fetal growth and development. Although leptin levels are correlated with insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 levels, observational studies in humans indicate that its effects on fetal growth are independent of these axes and of adiposity. The extent to which leptin per se mediates the fetal growth and developmental abnormalities associated with disease states such as diabetes, hypoxia, or preeclampsia remains to be fully clarified by future studies in humans. It is hoped that clarification of these mechanisms may provide novel therapeutic approaches.


The effect of soil foundation plays active role in optimum design of steel space frames when included. However, its influence on design can be calculated after a long iterative procedure. So it requires longer computer time and more computational effort if it is done properly. The main purpose of this study is to investigate how these effects can be calculated in more practical way in a shorter time. The effects of semi-rigid column bases are taken into account in optimum design of steel space frames. This study is carried out by using JAYA algorithm which is a novel and practical method based on a single revision equation. The displacement, stress and geometric size constraints are considered in the optimum design. A computer program is coded in MATLAB to achieve corporation with SAP2000-OAPI (Open Application Programming Interface) for optimum solutions. Four different steel space frames including soil structure interaction taken from literature are investigated according to different semi-rigidly supported models depending on different rotational stiffness values. And the results obtained from analyses are compared with the results available in reference studies. The results of the study show that semi-rigidly supported systems in the range of appropriate rotational stiffness values offer practical solutions in a very short time. And close agreement is obtained with the studies on optimum design of steel space frames including soil effect underneath.


The purpose of the article is to clarify the psychological impact of a work-family conflict (WFC) and family-work conflict (FWC) on job insecurity experiencing. The cross-sectoral designdata (N = 680) collected in industrial enterprises. The average years of employees includes into research is 32.6. In the article we administered and clarify psychometric properties of a version of the Work-Family and Family-Work Conflict Scales (Netemeyer, Boles & McMurrian, 1996). The measures used in the present study are: the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (Schaufeli & Bakker,2003), the Job Insecurity Scale by H. De Witte (2000), administered by A. Smirnova (2015a), the Job Insecurity Scale devised by J. Helgren, M. Sverke, K. Isaksson (1999), administered by A. Smirnova (2015d), the Survey of Perceived Organizational Support (SPOS) originally devised by R. Eisenberger, R. Huntington, S. Hutchinson & D. Sowa (1986), administered by A. Smirnova (2015e). Correlation analyses, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed that family-work conflict influence on job insecurity. This influence is found on employee perception of the demands of a family role asovercoming and identifying the absence of social support in treat job situation. The growing this tape of role conflict leads to experience of job insecurity grow and vice versa the growing of job insecurity experience leads to family - work conflict grow even if the work situation does not change. The work-family conflict does not influence on cognitive and affective job insecurity. The study presented here is not without limitations. The first and foremost, we did not pay sufficient attention to gender difference in role conflict. Despite on it, the findings presented in articles has its theoretical meaning in clarifying work-family and family-work conflicts and job insecurity psychological antecedents and usefulness in personnel politics creation, prevention of job insecurity in organizational change project realization and family counseling.


The portion of the Sahidic MS, BM Or.8810, containing Besa's writings is part of a parchment codex probably dating from the 8th century. The edition of it, together with a translation, forms the main part of the thesis. The MS contains epistles by Besa admonishing and exhorting his monks and nuns. Fragments of other writings by Besa are extant, most of which are unpublished. A study of them, and of BM Or.8810, has yielded material for an appraisal of the life and work of Besa and has thrown light on an important section of Coptic monasticism of the 5th century. Besa was a monk under Shenoute who appointed him to b his successor as abbot of the White Monastery (about 451 A.D.). Throughout his life, Besa continued to be strongly influenced by Shenoute's example, and by the Bible, and by his respect for monastic tradition. His essentially mild and peace-loving character was moulded by his high sense of duty towards God and his charges, enabling him to carry out his task of governing the monastery.From BM Or.8810 it can be seen how prominent a place Biblical quotations and allusions occupy in Besa's writings. An investigation of their text provides material for the study of the Sahidic Bible. Besa's use of the Bible is always subordinated to the subject-matter of his epistles. Besa's writings, though not theological treatises, give some idea of his religious beliefs. His preoccupation with ethical teaching causes him to emphasise God's Judgment and lays him open to the charge of having neglected the importance of Christ's redemptive work.Of monastic life in Besa's day, his writings tell something of the ideal of fellowship, the vow, the renunciation of property, separation from the world, organisation, discipline, moral standards, work, the monks' charitable ministrations to laymen, religious exercises, and worship.


Breˇsar proved that the only semiderivations of prime rings are derivations and mappings of the form D(x) = λ(x − α(x)), where α is an endomorphism and λ is an element in the extended centroid. De Filippis, Mamouni and Oukhtite extended this result to generalized semiderivations. The aim of this note is to extend their results to right generaliged (α, β)-derivations with reduction of some conditions, where α is an epimorphism and β is an endomorphism.


A water insoluble supramolecular complex was isolated from bovine mature compact bone. It consists of approximately equal amounts of collagen, Ca-binding proteins and polar lipids that stimulate precipitation of calcium orthophosphates and their transformation into hydroxyapatite. Mechanism of participation of this complex in biological mineralization under physiological conditions and heterotopical calcification is discussed.


The use of shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators to restore voiding of bladder for myogenic under active bladder (UAB) patients is proposed recently. Even though previous work show the unique capability of this technology for bladder voiding, the low voiding volume and high energy consumption of the device limit the advancement of this technique. This study proposes a novel approach using an interlaced configuration to overcome these limitations. In this device, SMA actuators are threaded through rigid anchor points of the flexible vest. The novel anchorage of SMA actuators provides more conformability for the vest and lower energy consumption for the device, while the new interlaced configuration enhances the voiding volume. The device is tested initially on a rubber model for the bladder, then it is implanted in an anesthetized rat, and a voiding volume of more than 20% at 4 V is successfully achieved. A commercial force sensor is integrated with the device to make it suitable for neurogenic UAB patients. The sensor provides a feedback control signal to the patient to initiate the actuation of the device upon fullness of bladder. The overall system is a promising advance over the state‐of‐the‐art providing bladder voiding in UAB patients.


Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance is a growing problem in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. Plasma devices generate an ionized gas with a cocktail of highly reactive species, electric fields and UV light. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) treatment has advantages over antiseptic or antimicrobial infection prevention and control; it disinfects efficiently, painlessly and instantly, without development of antimicrobial resistance. Concurrently, plasma can stimulate human cell proliferation and migration as well as microcirculation. We studied the safety of a novel CAP device, that is simple to use and in the future can be applied at a patient's home. Method: We included subjects with diabetic foot ulcers (maximum depth 5 millimeters) without clinical signs of infection or exposed bone or joint in the wound base. Subjects were treated with CAP on a daily basis for ten days in a two-week period. Primary endpoint of this study was the occurrence of serious adverse events (SAE) as a result of treatment. Safety was defined as ≤ 10% of subjects experiencing SAE related to treatment other than infection, and ≤ 60% of subjects developing infection within 30 days after treatment. Standard protocols for wound treatment were deployed, including weekly debridement and offloading. Results: Twenty subjects were enrolled. Three SAEs (infections) occurred at the site of application within one month of treatment, of which one occurred during treatment. Three SAEs unrelated to treatment occurred: pneumonia, toe amputation on the contralateral foot and a soft tissue infection of the ipsilateral leg. Transient adverse events (AE grade 1) during one or more applications were reported by 53% of subjects. Discussion: No SAE other than infection occurred as a result of treatment and ≤ 60% of subjects developed an infection. The AEs were low graded and transient. The results of our study demonstrate that the application of CAP in diabetic foot ulcers is safe. Disclosure E.J. Peters: None. R. Lagrand: None. P. Smits: Employee; Self; Plasmacure BV. A. Pemen: None. A. Sobota: None. B. Zeper: Stock/Shareholder; Self; Plasmacure. L.W. Sabelis: None.


: Genes are mapped to human chromosomes using many different methods: by somatic cell hybridization (by far the most fruitful method until now), by taking advantage of gene dosage effect in cases of chromosomal imbalance, and more recently by molecular hybridization which consists of techniques with great potential values. Some 350 autosomal loci have been assigned. They include genetic markers (blood groups), gene clusters such as the Ig, Hb, HLA genes, enzymatic markers, hereditary diseases (the morbid anatomy of the genome), and the recently discovered "micro-deletions" responsible, for instance, of certain types of childhood malignancies. The X- and Y-linked genes are also discussed.


Abstract In compliance with Article 43 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the EFSA received from the European Commission a mandate to provide its reasoned opinion on the existing maximum residue levels (MRLs) for spinosad which might lead to consumers intake concerns on the basis of a new toxicological reference value established during the peer review and of the data currently available to EFSA. In order to identify the MRLs of potential concern that require a more detailed assessment, EFSA screened the existing MRLs for spinosad considering the new toxicological reference values and an acute risk could not be excluded for six commodities. Fall‐back MRLs for all six commodities were proposed on the basis of the data received under the present assessment.


Wireline log interpretation is a well-exercised procedure in the oil and gas industry with all its added value from exploration to production stages. It becomes even more important when it is one of only a few available alternatives to compensate for the lack of core samples in a study of lithologic and fluid variations in a well. Yet, as with other purely expert-oriented interpretational techniques, there is always a considerable risk of subjective or technical errors. We have adopted a hybrid approach that links a machine-learning (ML) algorithm to the log interpretation procedure to solve these problems. We have applied this approach to two different hydrocarbon (HC) fields with the aim of predicting the HC-bearing units in the form of lithofluid facies logs at different well locations. The values of these logs are labels of classes that are separated based on their lithologic and fluid content characteristics. After training different MLs on the designed lithofluid facies logs, we chose a bagged-tree algorithm to predict these logs for the target wells due to its superior performance. This algorithm predicted HC units in an accurate interval (above the HC-fluid contact depth), and it showed a very low false discovery rate. The high-accuracy rate, speed of analysis, and its generalization ability, even in data-deficient cases, accentuate why including ML algorithms can improve the understanding of the subsurface at every phase of the exploration and production process. The proposed approach of using ML algorithms, trained and tuned based on the expert's knowledge of the reservoir, can be modified and applied to future wells in a HC field to significantly minimize the risk of false HC discoveries.


The effects of the seawater of Tokyo Bay on strong ground motions are investigated in a short-period range of less than about 2.0 sec for engineering importance. A recent study based on observed accelerograms revealed that considerable short-period surface waves were included in strong ground motions in the reclaimed zone of Tokyo, and that those surface waves were mainly Love waves. However, it was not clarified whether short-period Rayleigh waves were present. The present study is aimed at assessing the excitation of short-period Rayleigh waves on land and at exploring the effects of the shallow (approximately 25 m) water layer of Tokyo Bay on Rayleigh waves in the reclaimed zone of Tokyo. We use a theoretical approach in which a 2D P-SV -wave field is calculated for a multilayered structural model. The model is composed of a sea zone and a land zone, and includes a water layer and soft-surface layers. To examine the effects of seawater, we use models without and with a water layer. As a result, it is concluded that in the reclaimed zone of Tokyo, stripping the water layer off of a typical model for shallow Tokyo Bay has little influence on the short-period ground motions around the theoretical predominant period of the ground of about 1.0 sec. It is not essential to incorporate the water layer in modeling shallow Tokyo Bay for short-period, ground-motion simulations.


Theresa Hak Kyung Cha's video and sound installation Passages Paysages (1978), sets up a scene of address where I, as the listener-viewer-reader, effectively become the artwork's site of reception, a 'you' receiving fragments of a life story – shown to me, told to me – that I am entreated to reciprocally recollect. The artwork's compulsively repetitious and performative act fabricates a self-representation marked by opacity both at the level of its narrative and at the level of the cinematic apparatus itself: its technical shifts from photographs and stills into slides, slide projections into video recordings, video into the materiality and spatiality of the video screens spatialised in relation to the listener-viewer-reader. In this paper I argue that the artwork communicates in and through this opacity while I, as the listener-viewer-reader confronted by that which I do not fully comprehend, have a desire to understand.

Engaging in an act of 'critical performance' that draws upon Jane Rendell's practice of 'site-writing' I work intimately and subjectively with Passages Paysages by first developing a series of images in relation to Cha's artwork that recall for me my experience of it, in situ. Using these images as springboards for discussion I ask: How does Passages Paysages enact a form of self-representation through a polyphony of 'voice'? How is this polyphony of 'voice' embodied within the complex cinematic apparatus, and to what effect? Positioning myself as the artwork's site of reception, 'you,' how do I perform, interpret and respond to the coded visual and verbal message(s) of the artwork, as well as to the traces of an absence made visible? Performing and interpreting the artwork, I thus engage in the act of another's self-making: the poiesis of a life drawn from memory.


Abstract Electrical resistivity measurements were performed as functions of temperature, magnetic field, and angle between the magnetic field and the c-axis of a URuSi single crystal. The resistivity exhibits a two-fold oscillation as a function of at high temperatures, which undergoes a 180-phase shift (sign change) with decreasing temperature at around 35 K. The hidden order transition is manifested as a minimum in the magnetoresistance and amplitude of the two-fold oscillation. Interestingly, the resistivity also showed four-fold, six-fold, and eight-fold symmetries at the hidden order transition. These higher order symmetries were also detected at low temperatures, which could be a sign of the formation of another pseudogap phase above the superconducting transition, consistent with recent evidence for a pseudogap from point-contact spectroscopy measurements and NMR. Measurements of the magnetisation of single crystalline URuSi with the magnetic field applied parallel and perpendicular to the crystallographic c-axis revealed regions with linear temperature dependencies between the hidden order transition temperature and about 25 K. This T-linear behaviour of the magnetisation may be associated with the formation of a precursor phase or 'pseudogap' in the density of states in the vicinity of 30–35 K.