The fragmented, weak identity of range science has been disadvantageous to the institutions and individuals involved with it. This paper addresses a complex, interrelated group of issues related to range science, the Journal of Range Management, and the Society for Range Management. Beginning with the longstanding conception of the art of range management, it presents a concept of range management science that has multiple implications for the Society for Range Management and its flagship publication, the Journal of Range Management. The paper presents a strategically designed identity for range management science as a synthetic science, i.e., a science of synthesis, and examines the elements of diversity, synthesis, and communication that are the essence of that identity. It encourages a diverse, inclusive, synergistic character for, and offers many suggestions related to the philosophy and conduct of, the science, the Journal, and the Society. The harmonious vision of range management science that it presents is designed to give the science a strong, coherent, marketable identity. The vision is dynamic in that it can readily accommodate evolving changes. That vision is designed to make the diversity of the science and the Society work for us, rather than against us, by establishing a philosophical environment where the kind of scientific, institutional, informational, and professional synergies we need can flourish.


The UV-visible spectra of soda-lime-silicate glass system with the base composition (65-x) SiO2: 10CaO: 25Na2O: xMnO2 % mol, (where x is 0.0, 0.02, 0.05, 0.10, 0.30 and 0.50 %mol) were studied at room temperature. The results are shown that the colors of glass samples were altered from colorless to dark purple with increasing of MnO2 concentration and were stable at room temperature. The color of glass sample with 0.3 %mol MnO2 was purple. Moreover, it has been found that the density and refractive index were contiguous. The optical absorption spectra can be confirmed the color of these glass samples. They exhibited a predominant broadband around 500 nm and it was clearly observed, its increasing since 0.1 %mol of MnO2. This band corresponds to an allowed transition from 5Eg5T2g, which attributed to Mn3+. When increasing MnO2 concentration, the absorption band due to Mn3+ ion was dominating.


Organized around an intersection of the past with the present, high school reunions confront those who attend with discontinuities in their own lives as well as the lives of others. Based on observations of and interviews with attendees at five reunions, we argue, contrary to many claims about the contemporary segmentation of the self, that reunion goers are able to construct accounts of coherent lives by reference to "true selves" independent of appearances. Although reunion attendees may attempt to manage impressions by controlling information about themselves, these efforts are limited by attendees efforts to sustain convictions of their own integrity. These convictions, however, also depend on accounts, albeit accounts directed inward. Moreover, the maintenance of this conviction depends on the successful "neutralization" of others' judgments.


Portable performance spaces played an indispensable role in the architectural development of the theatre venue. The Victorian age and the evolution of the roadway, have acted as the underpinning catalysts of its proliferation. Today, we continue to make use of temporary performance spaces; however their conception is often intended for the one-time use, or for a show specific purpose. Unlike some of their historical counterparts, little thought is granted to their reuse or adaptability. For an approach which ought to boast flexible qualities, their accommodating nature typically ends at their transportability, and their plan often finds itself restricted to an inflexible layout. This thesis will attempt to uncover how portable performance spaces can extend their adaptable nature beyond that of a simply changing site. By exploiting the pavilion's notion of temporality, the onus will be placed on its ability to achieve multiple configurations, rather than solely in the pursuit of one fixed absolute.


STEP-NC (ISO 14649) is a newly developed and feature-based machine tool control language for CNC controller. In contrast with conventional G&M code (ISO 6983), this new data model could almost transmit all the designing and planning information for machining parts through CAD&CAPP&CAM to CNC. However, STEP-NC is feasible but not enough to support some intelligent actions such as self-planning, self-learning, decision-making, etc. A complete and well-structured knowledge base is urgently needed to be established to support CNC intelligence. The main work of this paper is focused on two fields: i) An extraction, presentation and utilization mechanism for ontology-based machining knowledge is implemented. ii) A novel framework for STEP-Compliant and knowledge-base supported intelligent CNC controller is proposed.


This paper shows how the literature on identity can enhance the so-far underdeveloped appreciation of social context in the theory of the firm. While taking context into account, I explain why the literatures overlap in significant ways and I propose an analytical map which relies on and matches the three central questions of both literatures. The three central questions on identity – identification, individuation and multiple social identities – are coupled respectively with the three central questions on the firm – the nature of the firm, internal organization and firm boundaries. This identity-based extension of the economics of the firm contributes to the organization of the literature by extending the analysis of identity to questions that go beyond the primary question of identification. In doing so, it identifies two key research agendas: the role of internal organization in enabling individuation and the role of firm boundaries in enabling collective intentions.


OBJECTIVE
A baseline audit of radiology referral practice before the introduction of a strategy for change involving guidelines of good practice, monitoring, and peer review.

DESIGN
Prospective data collection over a continuous 12 months period at each centre sometime between January 1987 and December 1989.

SETTING
Five district general hospitals and one district health authority.

SUBJECTS
159,421 inpatient discharges, deaths, and day cases and 861,370 outpatient attendances under the care of 722 consultants from 25 clinical specialties.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Monitoring of x ray examination referrals per 100 inpatient discharges, deaths, and day cases and per 100 new outpatient attenders after establishment of a computerised data collection system.

RESULTS
Referral rates for all x ray examinations varied between firms in the same specialty or sub-specialty by as much as eightfold for inpatients and 13-fold for outpatients, and for chest x ray examination by as much as ninefold for inpatients and 25-fold for outpatients. There was no consistent relation between high referral and teaching status of the centre or specialty or subspecialty.

CONCLUSIONS
The variation that persisted at all levels of disaggregation of the data supports a recent suggestion that at least a fifth of x ray examinations carried out in Britain may be clinically unhelpful. An intervention study that examines the effect of guidelines of good practice and attendant peer review procedures on the baseline referral levels described above is needed to test this hypothesis further.


The core of university course design is the selection and combination of Teaching and Learning Activities (TLAs). TLAs may involve various types of interaction, either face-to-face or with and through media. Traditional media such as books are increasingly being supplemented with many types of online media such as short video presentations known as knowledge clips. Wageningen University introduced knowledge clips to several second-year Food Technology courses, partially shifting from face-to-face interactions to online activities that facilitate acquiring, inquiring and practicing. Student questionnaires and a student group interview were used to reveal differences in student preferences towards knowledge clips and the other TLAs. Knowledge clips seem to be valuable parts of courses and work well in general, although students prefer to combine them with some face-to-face interaction. Besides individual preference, there seem to be two main reasons for this: (1) watching a large number of clips requires a considerable amount of discipline and a face-to-face meeting during the course is an intermediate goal to work towards, and (2) when knowledge clips are more difficult and raise questions, students prefer to work in a room with access to a teacher


We used a multi baseline 50-MHz radar interferometer at the Jicamarca Radio Observatory to study the dependence of echo strength on the aspect angle, the angle of arrival relative to normal to the geomagnetic field. We observed rms values of this angle in the range 0.1°–0.4°, which implies an aspect sensitivity somewhat greater than the nominal 10 dB/deg often quoted for auroral echoes. The technique has sufficient resolution to allow deviations from normal of less than 0.1° to be measured fairly easily, and we were able to determine variations of the aspect sensitivity with altitude, Doppler shift, and electrojet conditions. During weakly driven periods, when only type 2 echoes were observed, the width, or rms angular deviation from normal, decreased monotonically with increasing altitude, as simple linear theory would suggest, but the variation was less rapid than the variation of νe/Ωe, especially on the bottomside of the electrojet. A particularly interesting observation was that, during strongly driven "type 1" conditions, there was a pronounced variation of width with Doppler shift. The width for small phase velocities was sometimes more than twice that at the ion-acoustic velocity. We believe that this broadening is due to nonlinear three-wave mode coupling which produces a reverse cascade of energy from short wavelengths to long and an increase in the mean aspect angle. Such a cascade represents an increase in the effective diffusion coefficient for the short wavelength waves and so could provide an explanation alternative to that of the anomalous collision process of Sudan (1983) for the limitation of the type 1 phase velocity at the ion-acoustic velocity.


In September 2002, a new market in %u201CEconomic Derivatives%u201D was launched allowing traders to take positions on future values of several macroeconomic data releases. We provide an initial analysis of the prices of these options. We find that market-based measures of expectations are similar to survey-based forecasts although the market-based measures somewhat more accurately predict financial market responses to surprises in data. These markets also provide implied probabilities of the full range of specific outcomes, allowing us to measure uncertainty, assess its driving forces, and compare this measure of uncertainty with the dispersion of point-estimates among individual forecasters (a measure of disagreement). We also assess the accuracy of market-generated probability density forecasts. A consistent theme is that few of the behavioral anomalies present in surveys of professional forecasts survive in equilibrium, and that these markets are remarkably well calibrated. Finally we assess the role of risk, finding little evidence that risk-aversion drives a wedge between market prices and probabilities in this market.


Objective of this paper is to analyze noise free ECG signal and to discriminate the arrhythmia data from normal sinus rhythm data. ECG data is characterized by its nonlinear dynamic behavior, which shows significant changes between normal and arrhythmia data. Presence of artifacts like 60Hz power line interference (PLI), low frequency base line wander noise (2Hz) and muscle artifacts will not allow the analysis of ECG. In this paper two nonlinear modeling techniques, Multi Scale Principle Component Analysis (MSPCA) and Higher Order Spectral Analysis (HOSA) used for denoising of ECG data. In MSPCA principal components (PC) at multi scale are computed and those PC's related to significant events are combined. MSPCA serves as powerful tool in denoising the ECG data from PLI noise. HOSA is valued for its characteristics of suppressing Gaussian noise for cumulants of higher order (3rdorder). This cumulant based method enhances the ECG data from artifacts like PLI, baseline wander , Gaussian noise and also improves the Signal to Noise Ratio. It is observed that HOSA is a simple nonlinear modeling technique that can be used to enhance the noisy ECG data. Teager Energy Operator (TEO), a nonlinear energy operator is applied on denoised ECG beat to find the energy generated by the source of signal rather than the energy of the signal itself. TEO of enhanced signal is valued for clear identification of arrhythmia data using parameters like Average nonlinear energy in time domain ANEt and average non linear energy in frequency domain ANEf . The performance measures are improvement in signal to noise ratio(SNR), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) [19]. TEO has successfully identified NSR data from arrhythmia data. The simulation work is carried out on a set of Normal sinus rhythm (NSR) and arrhythmia data taken from MIT-BIH database.


Prophylactic effect of itraconazole (ITCZ) in mycosis associated with hematological malignancy was studied. In a total of 12 patients of hematological malignancy admitted to Hokkaido University Hospital from April, 2001 to March, 2002, six patients received 100 mg per day of ITCZ and the other six received 200 mg per day of ITCZ. ITCZ was administrated from the starting of chemotherapy, and from the time point capable of oral administration in bone marrow transplantation patients. ITCZ administration was finished based on docter's judgement. As the results of this study, three cases with 100 mg per day of ITCZ had mycosis, but none with 200 mg per day of this drug had it. Mild itching associated with ITCZ was found only one case. In conclusion, we suggest that ITCZ is effective and safe drug in terms of prophylaxis of mycosis.


The technique of Hadamard transform was successfully coupled with GC/nonresonant multiphoton ionization/TOFMS, for the first time. 1,4-Dichlorobenzene and the fourth harmonic generation (266 nm) of a Nd:YAG laser were employed as a model sample and an ionization laser, respectively. A Hadamard-injector coupled with a capillary-based supersonic jet nozzle (capillary-injector) was also developed in this study. The Hadamard-injector was used to obtain the chromatogram, which was encoded by successive sample introduction based on Hadamard codes, and the capillary-injector was used for injection of GC-elutes into TOFMS. Compared with a conventional single injection method, the S/N ratios were substantially improved after inverse Hadamard transformation of the encoded chromatogram. Under optimized conditions, when Hadamard matrices of 103 and 255 were used, the S/N ratios of the signals for 1,4-dichlorobenzene (concentration level, 4 microg/1 mL ACN) were substantially improved to 4.1- and 6.6-fold, respectively, and those improvements are in good agreement with those obtained by theory (5.1- and 8.0-fold).


A greater fraction of American adults believe in life after death in the 1990s than in the 1970s. According to data from the General Social Survey, year-to-year changes are significant, but the increase is most evident when we compare across cohorts and separate religious groups. Protestants have not changed; in every cohort 85 percent believe in life after death. It has been Catholics, Jews, and persons with no religious affiliation who have become more likely to believe in an afterlife. The percentage of Catholics believing in an afterlife rose from 67 percent to 85 percent across cohorts born from 1900 to 1970. Among Jews, this percentage increased from 17 percent (1900 cohort) to 74 percent (1970 cohort). Immigration is a key factor in this increase, as immigrants are significantly less likely to believe in an afterlife than are their grandchildren. We connect the increase among Catholics to the organizing and teaching led by Irish American priests and bishops. There is no evidence that contact with Protestants increases belief in life after death among persons who do not convert to a Protestant denomination.


Dynamic line rating (DLR) is an emerging technology that can remove strict power transmission constraints and potentially reduce investment costs in new generation technologies in a microgrid. By implementing dynamic rating into distributed generation sizing and placement problem, it is possible to reduce the investment costs on new distributed energy resources by achieving improved optimal power flow results as compared to planning without considering DLR. This paper explores the possibility of complementing a model for optimal siting and placement of the distributed energy resources in a microgrid with the dynamic line rating. Implementation of DLR has shown a decrease in investment costs as well as a reduced number of installed generators as opposed to the solution without DLR implementation.


89 hands-on recipes to help you complete real-world data science projects in R and Python About This BookLearn about the data science pipeline and use it to acquire, clean, analyze, and visualize dataUnderstand critical concepts in data science in the context of multiple projectsExpand your numerical programming skills through step-by-step code examples and learn more about the robust features of R and PythonWho This Book Is ForIf you are an aspiring data scientist who wants to learn data science and numerical programming concepts through hands-on, real-world project examples, this is the book for you. Whether you are brand new to data science or you are a seasoned expert, you will benefit from learning about the structure of data science projects, the steps in the data science pipeline, and the programming examples presented in this book. Since the book is formatted to walk you through the projects with examples and explanations along the way, no prior programming experience is required. In Detail As increasing amounts of data is generated each year, the need to analyze and operationalize it is more important than ever. Companies that know what to do with their data will have a competitive advantage over companies that don't, and this will drive a higher demand for knowledgeable and competent data professionals.Starting with the basics, this book will cover how to set up your numerical programming environment, introduce you to the data science pipeline (an iterative process by which data science projects are completed), and guide you through several data projects in a step-by-step format. By sequentially working through the steps in each chapter, you will quickly familiarize yourself with the process and learn how to apply it to a variety of situations with examples in the two most popular programming languages for data analysisR and Python.


In the present study, a ZnO functionalized graphene oxide (GO) modified glassy carbon electrode (GO–ZnO/GCE) was used for the electrochemical sensory detection of phenol. The prepared material was characterised using cyclic voltammetry (CV), square wave voltammetry (SWV), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman spectroscopy. The parameters, such as the scan rate, pH, comparative study, stability, repeatability and interference, were optimised for the experimental study. The result of the study revealed that GO–ZnO exhibited favourable electrochemical behaviour for phenol oxidation, which was assigned to the joint efficiency of the ZnO and GO properties. An electrochemical sensor based on GO–ZnO exhibited excellent electrochemical performance towards the detection of phenol when compared to GO and bare GCE. The peak current demonstrated a linear relationship with phenol concentration in the range of 5–155 μM. Depending on the signal-to-noise characteristics (S/N = 3), the limit of detection for phenol was observed to be 2.2 nM. In addition, the electrochemical sensor showed excellent selectivity, stability and repeatability in the experimental studies. Based on our analysis, it can be considered that the GO–ZnO based phenol sensor has great potential in different applications requiring the detection of trace amounts of phenolic compounds.


Rapid progress in the fields of organometallic chemistry and homogeneous catalysis has made it possible for synthetic chemists to consider using ubiquitous yet unreactive C-H bonds as starting points to construct complex organic molecules. However, a majority of the C-H functionalization reactions currently in use require noble transition metal catalysts and harsh reaction conditions, so researchers have placed a priority on the development of mild and cost-effective catalysts. Given this situation, we wondered whether earth-abundant first-row transition metals could emulate the reactivity of a noble transition metal catalyst and carry out similar C-H functionalization reactions at a lower cost and under milder conditions. We also wondered whether we could use first-row transition metals to achieve hitherto unknown, but useful, C-H functionalization reactions. This Account summarizes our research on the development of three different types of C-H functionalization reactions using low-valent cobalt catalysts: (1) hydroarylation of alkynes and olefins, (2) ortho C-H functionalization with electrophiles, and (3) addition of arylzinc reagents to alkynes involving 1,4-cobalt migration. Although synthetic chemists have previously paid little attention to cobalt in designing catalytic C-H functionalization reactions, earlier studies, particularly those on stoichiometric cyclometalation, inspired us as we developed the hydroarylation and ortho C-H functionalization reactions. In these transformations, we combined a cobalt precatalyst, a ligand (such as phosphine or N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)), and Grignard reagent to generate low-valent cobalt catalysts. These novel catalysts promoted a series of pyridine- and imine-directed hydroarylation reactions of alkynes and olefins at mild temperatures. Notably, we observed branched-selective addition to styrenes, which highlights a distinct regioselectivity of the cobalt catalyst compared with typical rhodium and ruthenium catalysts. The combination of a cobalt-NHC catalyst and a Grignard reagent allows directed aromatic C-H functionalizations with electrophiles such as aldimines, aryl chlorides, and alkyl chlorides or bromides. This second reaction has a particularly broad scope, allowing us to introduce secondary alkyl groups at the ortho position of aryl imines, a difficult reaction to carry out by other means. Serendipitously, we found that a cobalt-Xantphos complex catalyzed the third type of C-H functionalization: the addition of an arylzinc reagent to an alkyne to afford ortho-alkenylarylzinc species through a 1,4-cobalt migration. This "migratory arylzincation" allowed us to quickly construct a diverse group of functionalized benzothiophenes and benzoselenophenes. Collectively, our studies of cobalt catalysis have provided cost-effective catalysts and milder conditions for existing C-H functionalizations and have led to some unprecedented, attractive chemical transformations.


Abstract: Across a breadth of animal taxa, early-life environmental variation has been demonstrated to have lasting effects on later-life traits, including brain morphology. Here, we use Plains Spadefoot Toads (Spea bombifrons) to evaluate how larval diet type and amount influence later-stage, juvenile brain size and the relative sizes of brain regions. We specifically investigate whether developmental plasticity in brain morphology mirrors previously documented interspecific variation with relation to nutritional restriction and carnivory. Our findings demonstrate, contrary to expectation, that exposure to dietary restriction during the larval stage causes an increase in relative juvenile brain size. However, consistent with our predictions, consuming a prey-based shrimp diet during the larval stage results in relatively larger juvenile telencephalons, an intraspecific response that parallels an interspecific pattern in frogs where more-carnivorous species possess relatively larger telencephalons. Our results demonstrate that early-life dietary restriction and early-life diet type can generate changes in juvenile brain size and morphology in ways that may influence later-life behaviors and fitness. Further, our study suggests that intraspecific and environmentally induced changes in brain morphology can mirror interspecific divergence in brain morphology, supporting a role for developmental plasticity in promoting evolutionary change.


In this paper, the fusion of two speaker recognition subsystems, one based on Frequency Modulation (FM) and another on MFCC features, is reported. The motivation for their fusion was to improve the recognition accuracy across different types of channel variations, since the two features are believed to contain complementary information. It was found that the MFCC-based subsystem outperformed the FM-based subsystem on telephone conversations from NIST SRE-06 dataset, while the opposite was true for NIST SRE-08 telephone data. As a result, the FM-based subsystem performed as well as the MFCC-based subsystem and their fusion gave up to 23% relative improvement in terms of EER over the MFCC subsystem alone, when evaluated on the NIST 2008 core condition.


Objective: To develop the "Submental Nasal Appearance Scale" (SNAS), which is an easy-to-use objectified tool to represent a cleft surgeon's standard for assessment of the nasal appearance from the submental perspective. Design: Eighty-five photographs of patients with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate were selected and cropped, displaying the submental view. Sixty-one photographs were used to develop 5 sets of reference photographs. Three cleft surgeons graded 24 photographs with these sets and subjectively graded the overall nasal appearance as well. Internal agreement for both methods was calculated, as well as correlation between them. The SNAS was created, by only using the combination of sets that showed the highest reliability and correlation. Setting: Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Patients: Six- to 9-year-old patients with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate. Results: The intrarater and interrater reliability was 0.84 and 0.79, respectively, for the SNAS and 0.76 and 0.62, respectively, for the overall appearance assessment. The correlation was 0.74 between the methods. Conclusions: The SNAS is a reliable tool that reflects a cleft surgeon's standard and could be used independently or in combination with existing rating scales using the frontal and/or lateral view, for assessment after cleft lip repair.


In an era of political pressure to reduce taxes while increasing government services, local officials face difficult choices regarding what services to provide and how to finance them. One outcropping of this dilemma is that local citizens are expressing concerns that commuters use local government services but without paying for them. In response, some communities are considering taxing commuters. In this study we develop a basic model of congestion in a two-city model to examine commuters' effects on the optimal provision of public goods. The theoretical result suggests that taxing commuters at the difference in marginal congestion costs between the two cities can attain market equilibrium. We then specify an empirical model to determine this tax's size for Pennsylvania municipalities. The econometric results show differences in marginal congestion costs between workplace and resident communities, providing evidence that commuters may free-ride. The difference in marginal congestion costs, however, tends to be small, so we advise policymakers to be hesitant in adopting such a tax.


Femoral fracture in the setting of a hip arthroplasty is an increasingly common complication encountered in the emergency department (ED). Diagnosis and management of periprosthetic fractures are complicated, and orthopedic surgeons rely on imaging findings to guide the appropriate management approach to the injury. Delay in identification and appropriate definitive management of periprosthetic fractures is associated with high morbidity and mortality. At present, the Vancouver classification system for periprosthetic hip fractures is the most common classification system used by orthopedic surgeons. It relies on three radiographic criteria-fracture location, prosthesis stability, and quality of the femoral bone stock-to characterize these fractures and to help guide management decisions. Familiarly with the Vancouver classification system allows radiologists to both recognize and communicate the most clinically relevant imaging findings to the treating orthopedic surgeon. This article reviews the imaging workup for hip pain in patients with a femoral prosthesis, risk factors for periprosthetic fracture, and the expected normal appearance of the most commonly encountered types of femoral prostheses. Fracture terminology and the Vancouver classification system are reviewed in a simplified algorithm with emphasis on the most common patterns of periprosthetic fractures, the radiologic determinants of prosthesis stability and bone quality, and the management implications of these imaging findings. Finally, multiple instructive clinical cases are used to demonstrate critical application of the classification system and to highlight the clinical implications of the imaging findings. ©RSNA, 2017.


Abstract Numerous open-loop ground energy systems are under construction or have been constructed in central London. The majority of these systems use the Chalk aquifer as a water source. A significant proportion of the abstracted water must be returned to the aquifer to maintain groundwater levels. If the ground system is to function correctly, the temperature of the abstracted groundwater must not be altered significantly by early thermal breakthrough of the returned water. Groundwater flow within the Chalk is predominantly through fractures and these provide the primary route by which thermal breakthrough might take place. The nature of the fracturing and its impact on the thermal transport beneath a proposed site must be understood to provide confidence that the ground energy system will function correctly. Two tracer and thermal test methods to determine fracture properties are examined. The results for a site with a borehole separation of 100 m suggest that the flow in the Chalk beneath the site is carried by a small number of fractures and that careful modelling and interpretation can provide valuable constraints on the frequency of fractures, their spatial pattern and their hydraulic aperture. The results highlight difficulties for designing within-borehole temperature monitoring systems for fractured aquifer thermal experiments.


Laccase is a copper-containing polyphenol oxidase that acts on a wide range of substrates. This enzyme is found in many plant species and is widely distributed in fungi including wood-rotting fungi where it is often associated with lignin peroxidase, manganese dependent peroxidase, or both. Because of its importance in bioremediation, fungal cultures were screened for laccase positive production by plate test method using the indicator compound guaiacol. The biotechnological application of laccase has been expanded by the introduction of laccase- mediator systems, which are able to oxidize non-phenolic compounds that are otherwise not attacked and are thus able to degrade lignin in kraft pulps. Both cultures were found to be laccase-positive with Alternaria alternata and Lasiodiplodia theobromae being the best potential cultures. Laccase activity was determined using ABTS as substrate. Higher level of laccase activity was observed by Alternaria alternata (3.221U/ml) than that of Lasiodiplodia theobromae (2.318 U/ml). Laccase was purified by Ammonium sulfate salt saturation, dialysis and gel filtration chromatography. The purified laccase was a monomer showed a molecular mass of 45±1kDa as estimated by SDSPAGE and a 4.02-fold purification with a 2% yield.


The purpose of this article is to acquaint the broader public opinion research audience with what has been a salient issue within the community of scholars of religion. We address the question of how best to conceptualize and measure religious identities in research on contemporary American society. We consider the main approaches to the measurement of religious identification with regard to their backgrounds, their assumptions about the importance of understanding religious identities in historically relevant terms, and the practical considerations of survey measurement. Using data from the General Social Survey, particularly recent innovative efforts to obtain information on subjective association with particular religious traditions and/or movements (e.g., Pentecostal, fundamentalist, evangelical, mainline, or liberal Protestant), we compare the two main approaches: the traditional "denominational" approach, where religious identities are assumed to be associated with religious denominations, and the subjective approach, where religious identities are assumed to be captured by a set of "nondenominational" reference categories linked to particular historical religious traditions or social movements. We conclude that both approaches have substantial predictive validity, and the most effective strategy for future research may be one that uses a combination of approaches, rather than one that relies entirely on a single method of measurement.


Quantum Closures and Disclosures thinks together two seemingly irreconcilable discourses: An application of quantum field theory to brain functioning, called quantum brain dynamics, and the continental postphenomenological tradition, especially the work of Martin Heidegger and Jacques Derrida. Underlying both developments is a new ontology of nonCartesian dual modes whose rich provenance is their "between." World is disclosed in the lumen naturale of dual modes belonging-together in their between; all presencing is a function of a "~conjugate" form of match in the between. This surprising rapprochement between a powerful tradition within continental philosophy and the 20th-century quantum revolution in science is fruitfully applied to crucial issues in philosophy, brain science, mathematics and psychiatry.


s | 49 maze, and motor coordination by rotarod after caffeine administration for 7 days. Water maze performance by measuring the latency to reach the platform was significantly better in the group of mice receiving moderate dose of caffeine (30.4 ± 7.3 s) compared to the control group latency (63.6 ± 9.4 s, ANOVA test, p˂ 0.05) and the high dose group latency (76.9 ± 8.5 s, ANOVA test, p˂ 0.05). Statistical analysis showed also a significant difference between the control group and the high dose group. Rota rod results showed that the mice of the moderate dose group could stay more time on the rotating rod before they fall (40.5 ± 4.3 s, ANOVA test, p˂ 0.05) than the control group (29.9 ± 2.8 s) and the high dose group (25.2 ± 2.6 s). We concluded that acute administration of moderate dose of caffeine to mice can enhance their spatial memory and motor coordination. However, high dose would have opposite effect and affects negatively in their performance for spatial memory and motor coordination. PT684 Treatment with rapamycin improves deficits of social interaction in the mice exposed in utero to valproic acid Hiroko Murakami-Kotajima, Kazutaka Ikeda, Shigeo Uchino Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science Abstract Valproic acid (VPA) is widely used as an anticonvulsant and mood-stabilizing drug. However, since the prenatal exposure of VPA shows increased incidence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the administration of VPA in the pregnancy period is forbidden. In contrast, rodent pups exposed in utero to VPA have been used as an animal model of ASD. Recently, decreased or increased mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway was shown in VPA-exposed rodents (Nicolini et  al., 2015, Qin et  al., 2015). The mTOR signaling pathway regulates neuronal cell proliferation, migration and maturation, including synaptogenesis, and overactivation of the mTOR signaling has been implicated in the pathogenesis of particular forms of syndromic ASDs, such as tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), neurofibromatosis 1, and fragile X syndrome. Treatment with rapamycin, mTOR complex 1 inhibitors, in a mouse model of TSC improved abnormal behaviors, including cognition and sociability. In this study, we investigated the effect of rapamycin on social deficits of ASD model mice exposed in utero to VPA.Valproic acid (VPA) is widely used as an anticonvulsant and mood-stabilizing drug. However, since the prenatal exposure of VPA shows increased incidence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the administration of VPA in the pregnancy period is forbidden. In contrast, rodent pups exposed in utero to VPA have been used as an animal model of ASD. Recently, decreased or increased mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway was shown in VPA-exposed rodents (Nicolini et  al., 2015, Qin et  al., 2015). The mTOR signaling pathway regulates neuronal cell proliferation, migration and maturation, including synaptogenesis, and overactivation of the mTOR signaling has been implicated in the pathogenesis of particular forms of syndromic ASDs, such as tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), neurofibromatosis 1, and fragile X syndrome. Treatment with rapamycin, mTOR complex 1 inhibitors, in a mouse model of TSC improved abnormal behaviors, including cognition and sociability. In this study, we investigated the effect of rapamycin on social deficits of ASD model mice exposed in utero to VPA. We subcutaneously injected VPA at a dose of 600 mg/kg body weight (B.W.) into pregnant mice on gestational day 12.5, and the pups were injected intraperitoneally with rapamycin (10 mg/ kg B.W.) or an equal volume of vehicle once daily for 2 consecutive days. Social interaction test was performed at 24 h after the last administration of rapamycin in 5–6 week-old mice (adolescence) or 10–11 week-old mice (young adult). The administration of rapamycin showed improvement in the social deficits in both adolescence and young adult mice compared with the saline injected control mice. These results suggest that rapamycin has potential to provide an effective treatment for adolescent and young adult patients with not only particular syndromic ASD but also non-syndromic ASD. PT685 Social experience changes remyelination through interleukin-6 in mice Manabu Makinodan1, Daisuke Ikawa1, Toshifumi Kishimoto1, Takashi Komori1, Yuki Miyamoto2, Yosuke Nishihata1, Kosuke Okazaki1, Kazuhiko Yamamuro1, Junji Yamauchi1, Takahira Yamauchi1 1Nara Medical University, Japan, 2National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Japan Abstract Accumulating findings have shown that psychosocial stress is implicated in the pathobiology of multiple sclerosis. Most of studies regarding psychosocial stress have focused on the onset or relapse of the symptoms, aiming to examine the effects on the "demyelination". In this study, we sought to investigate whether psychosocial stress affects remyelination, not demyelination since our previous study indicated that psychosocial stress substantially changes myelination only during myelin-developing phase. In order to accomplish this, myelin in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) was depleted with cuprizone and the effects of subsequent social experience on remyelination were evaluated. Interestingly, myelination in the mPFC were severely impaired in socially isolated mice after myelin depletion. We also found that social isolation for 4 weeks increased the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the mPFC. Moreover, insufficient remyelination in the mPFC of socially isolated mice after myelin-depletion was improved by the administration of IL-6 inhibitor. To validate of the effects of IL-6 on myelination, we performed a neuron-oligodendrocyte co-culture and found that IL-6 treatment markedly interfered with myelination. This study, for the first time, provided direct evidence that social experience is associated with the extent of remyelination through IL-6 expression in mice. Together, these findings suggest that psychosocial stress might disturb remyelination though IL-6 and its relevant brain functions in patients with aberrant myelination such as MS, schizophrenia and mood disorders.Accumulating findings have shown that psychosocial stress is implicated in the pathobiology of multiple sclerosis. Most of studies regarding psychosocial stress have focused on the onset or relapse of the symptoms, aiming to examine the effects on the "demyelination". In this study, we sought to investigate whether psychosocial stress affects remyelination, not demyelination since our previous study indicated that psychosocial stress substantially changes myelination only during myelin-developing phase. In order to accomplish this, myelin in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) was depleted with cuprizone and the effects of subsequent social experience on remyelination were evaluated. Interestingly, myelination in the mPFC were severely impaired in socially isolated mice after myelin depletion. We also found that social isolation for 4 weeks increased the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the mPFC. Moreover, insufficient remyelination in the mPFC of socially isolated mice after myelin-depletion was improved by the administration of IL-6 inhibitor. To validate of the effects of IL-6 on myelination, we performed a neuron-oligodendrocyte co-culture and found that IL-6 treatment markedly interfered with myelination. This study, for the first time, provided direct evidence that social experience is associated with the extent of remyelination through IL-6 expression in mice. Together, these findings suggest that psychosocial stress might disturb remyelination though IL-6 and its relevant brain functions in patients with aberrant myelination such as MS, schizophrenia and mood disorders. PT686 Dextromethorphan-induced serotonin syndrome is via up-regulation of 5-HT1A receptors. Hai-Quyen Tran1, Duy-Khanh Dang1, Thu-Hien Thi Tu1,The-Vinh Tran1, Eun-Joo Shin1, Choon-Gon Jang2, Kuniaki Saito3, Toshitaka Nabeshima4, Hyoung-Chun Kim1 1Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200–701, Republic of Korea. 2Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea. 3Department of Medical Innovation, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan.4Department of Regional Pharmaceutical Care and Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan. Abstract Objective: Serotonin syndrome is a serious adverse reaction characterized by a cluster of dose-related adverse effects that are due to increase serotonin (5-HT) concentrations in the central nervous system. Dextromethorphan (DM) has complex neuropharmacologic effects. It has been reported that high doses of DM produce serotonin syndrome in both human and animal models. 5-HT receptor activation is thought to contribute mainly to the serotonin syndrome in mice. In the present study, we have asked whether 5-HT receptor is involved in serotonin syndrome induced by DM. Methods: Mice were treated with WAY100635, a 5-HT1A receptor antagonist, or MDL11939, a 5-HT2A receptor antagonist, 30 min before DM administration. Scores of serotonin syndrome (i.e. reciprocal forepaw treading, lateral head-weaving, hind-limb abduction, tremor, Straub tail and flat body posture) were assessed during 30 min after DM. In addition, rectal temperature was measured 30 min after DM. Serotonin levels and 5-HT1A receptor mRNA expression were examined in the hypothalamus 2 h after DM. D ow naded rom http/academ ic.p.com /ijnp/article-ab9/Suppl_1/49/2946757 by gest on 16 M arch 2020Objective: Serotonin syndrome is a serious adverse reaction characterized by a cluster of dose-related adverse effects that are due to increase serotonin (5-HT) concentrations in the central nervous system. Dextromethorphan (DM) has complex neuropharmacologic effects. It has been reported that high doses of DM produce sero


This case study examines ongoing work to Indigenize education programs at one Canadian university. The history of the academy in Canada has been dominated by Western epistemologies, which have devalued Indigenous ways of knowing and set the grounds for continued marginalization of Indigenous students, communities, cultures, and histories. We argue that institutions of higher learning need to move away from the myopic lens used to view education and implement Indigenizing strategies in order to counteract the systemic monopolization of knowledge and communication. Faculties of education are taking a leading role in Canadian universities by hiring Indigenous scholars and incorporating Indigenous ways of knowing into teacher education courses. Inspired by the 25 Indigenous principles outlined by Maōri scholar Linda Tuhiwai Smith (2012), four Indigenous faculty members from Western Canada document effective decolonizing practices for classroom experience, interaction, and learning that reflect Indigenous values and orientations within their teaching practices.


Many kinds of information, e.g., addresses, crawls of webpages, or academic affiliations, are prone to becoming outdated over time. Therefore, if data quality shall be maintained over time, often periodical refreshing is done. As refreshing data usually has a cost, for instance computation time, network bandwidth or human work time, a problem is to find the right update frequency depending on the benefit gained from the information and on the speed with which the information is expected to get outdated. This is especially important since often entities exhibit a different speed of getting outdated, e.g., addresses of students change more frequently than addresses of retirees, or news portals change more frequently than homepages. Consequently, there is no uniform best update frequency for all entities. Previous work on data freshness has investigated how to best distribute a fixed number of updates among entities, in order to maximize average freshness. For businesses that are able to adapt their resources, another question is to determine the number of updates that optimizes the income derived from the data. In this paper we present a model for describing the relationship between update frequency and income derived from data, present solutions for calculating the optimal update frequency for two common classes of functions for describing decay behaviour, and validate the benefits of our framework.


This master thesis explores and compares through two case studies the characteristics of public spaces in post-war housing areas in terms of appearance and uses in two different countries: France and Sweden. Through observations, interviews and readings, it aims at understanding to which extent public spaces can take part in the creation of social interactions and influence the general perception about such areas, and their importance in such processes. Public spaces play a great role in the democratization, the development and the identity formation of a society and of a place, but in post-war housing areas, criticisms raised about the deadness of these spaces which struggle in fulfilling these important roles. Still, Mermoz (Lyon, France) and Husby (Stockholm, Sweden), the two case studies considered in this paper, showed a different reality. If their structure and organization is still quite characteristic of post-war housing areas, public spaces in these neighborhoods are not the ´empty´, ´blank´ spaces often described in theories, and people meet and interact. Still, it shows some limits in terms of meeting quality, accessibility and attractiveness. Moreover, these areas suffer from really bad reputation due to strong negative connotations attached with ´suburbs´ in these two countries. Public spaces could help in changing this ´image´ by bringing openness, changing aesthetic and creating different kinds of relations between people – by reducing the dominance of groups of young men and the drugs traffic that often characterize public spaces in these areas for instance. Still, changing an image of an area and creating different social interactions is a much more complex process that has to take into account several factors including public spaces, buildings, employment rates, education etc.


Abstract By analyzing 25,671 journals largely absent from common journal counts, as well as Web of Science and Scopus, this study demonstrates that scholarly communication is more of a global endeavor than is commonly credited. These journals, employing the open-source publishing platform Open Journal Systems (OJS), have published 5.8 million items; they are in 136 countries, with 79.9% in the Global South and 84.2% following the OA diamond model (charging neither reader nor author). A substantial proportion of journals operate in more than one language (48.3%), with research published in 60 languages (led by English, Indonesian, Spanish, and Portuguese). The journals are distributed across the social sciences (45.9%), STEM (40.3%), and the humanities (13.8%). For all their geographic, linguistic, and disciplinary diversity, 1.2% are indexed in the Web of Science and 5.7% in Scopus. On the other hand, 1.0% are found in Cabell's Predatory Reports, and 1.4% show up in Beall's (2021) questionable list. This paper seeks to both contribute to and historically situate the expanded scale and diversity of scholarly publishing in the hope that this recognition may assist humankind in taking full advantage of what is increasingly a global research enterprise.


In this paper, a reinforcement learning version of the connections game first analysed by Jackson and Wolinsky is presented and compared with benchmark results of fully informed and rational players. Using an agent-based simulation approach, the main nding is that the pattern of reinforcement learning process is similar, but does not fully converge to the benchmark results. Before these optimal results can be discovered in a learning process, agents often get locked in a state of random switching or early lock-in.


This paper adds to debates on the double-edged and contested nature of nationalism and its relationships with migration and diaspora. It does this by focusing on the notion of purity and highlights the ways in which national identities can be based on homogenising constructions of the nation. In an age where the nation-state system and migration are both important and in which there are recurring politicised uses of nationalism in potentially extreme ways, the paper discusses how nationalism can be problematic. It calls for contextualised and grounded research on the everyday meanings of nationalism in order to emphasise the messy and often ambivalent nature of national identities. In this way, it argues that there is potential for 'rescuing nationalism' as a more inclusive, diverse notion.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine practices of and differences between small and large organizations as they relate to the training of sales managers. Design/methodology/approach – Utilizing a survey approach, data were collected from a sample of sales managers and trainers employed by firms across the USA. Analysis was conducted between "small" and "large" organizations based on sales force size. Findings – While many similarities do exist between small and large firms' sales manager training practices, some significant differences also exist in terms of teaching approaches, types of instructors, training locations, methods, and content utilized. Results of the current study exhibit both similarities and differences as compared to results of sales manager training practices found in earlier studies. Research limitations/implications – The study was based on a sample of sales managers and trainers employed by firms within the USA. Sales manager training practices could differ due to cultural differences, the industry the firm competes in, and other factors. Practical implications – First, sales manager training activities show more similarities than differences between small and large firms. Second, internet-based training methods are becoming prevalent in large firms while still struggling for acceptance in smaller ones. Third, no one type of instructor is viewed as being highly effective in either small or large firms. Fourth, senior management must support and encourage positive behavioral changes associated with sales manager training or else efforts will fail. Originality/value – The current study answers the call for research to identify contemporary sales manager training practices, building upon results of previous studies. Classification-JEL: R00, Z0


Historically, the relationship between economic development and environmental protection has been seen as one of mutual antagonism. Those who have been primarily interested in the performance of the economy have generally perceived environmental protection to be a brake on growth. Conversely, those who have been principally concerned about the quality of the environment have tended to see economic development as the root of the environmental problem. It can be argued that the consequent conflict between industrialists and environmentalists has defined the climate of environmental politics to such a degree that the level and nature of environmental policy making have been severely constrained.
This conflict is clearly justified in some instances. But in recent years the concept of 'ecological modernisation' has been developed to try to move beyond it.' Ecological modemisation proposes that policies for economic development and environmental protection can be combined to synergistic effect. Rather than seeing environmental protection as a brake on growth, ecological modernisation promotes the application of stringent environmental policy as a positive influence on economic efficiency and technological innovation. Similarly, rather than perceiving economic development to be the source of environmental decline, ecological modernisation seeks to harness the forces of entrepreneurship for environmental gain. Thus, ecological modernisation suggests that economic and environmental goals can be integrated within the framework of an advanced industrial economy.


Tidal-stream Energy Converter (TEC) arrays are expected to reduce tidal current speeds locally, thus impacting sedimentary processes, even when devices are positioned above bedrock. Tidal dissipation can produce high suspended sediment concentrations (turbidity maxima) which are important for biological productivity. Also, devices will potentially impact morphological features further afield, e.g., offshore sand banks and beaches. Yet few impact assessment studies of potential TEC sites have looked closely at sediment dynamics beyond local scouring issues. It is therefore important to understand to what extent exploitation of the tidal energy resource will affect sedimentary processes, and the aim of this research is to assess the scale of this impact in relation to natural variability, caused by both tidal currents and wave-induced currents.


Post-magmatic ore mineralization in the Strzelin granitoids (Lower Silesia) Indication of ore mineralization in the Strzelin granitoids (Lower Silesia) were analysed by means of reflected-light studies. Occurrence of molybdenite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, valleriite, cubanite, native bismuth, pyrite, melnikovite, melnikovite-pyrite and melnikovite-marcasite was recorded. The ore mineralization originated as an effect of post-magmatic solutions connected with Variscan intrusion of the Strzelin granitoids.


Chemical fixation of carbon dioxide (CO2), which is an inexpensive and renewable carbon source, is becoming more and more important. The development of both new reactions and new catalysts is needed to overcome the kinetic and thermodynamic stability of CO2. Organic and metal catalysts with unique and excellent activity and selectivity have been developed for various chemical conversions of CO2. In this perspective, we provide an overview of the recent progress in this field, classifying it into several categories, where each research is concisely summarized one by one using a single reaction scheme, a representative catalyst structure, and/or a catalytic cycle.


We describe two cases in which three-dimensional miniplates broke after bilateral sagittal split osteotomy. The miniplates broke vertically and the cause was suspected to be excessive shear force on the osteotomy line because of unstable occlusion. In patients with unstable postoperative occlusions the osteosynthesis should be bicortical.


The paper investigates the impacts of trust on the relationships among members and between members and the management in an agricultural marketing cooperative in the Hungarian horticultural sector. We focus on the effects of trust on cooperative members' performance and satisfaction and their commitment to remaining a part of cooperative. We analyse the trust along two dimensions: cognitive and affective. Our results suggest that trust among cooperative members and trust between cooperative and management have positive effects on group cohesions. In line with a priori hypotheses we found differences between cognitive and affective trust influencing the group cohesion and cooperative members' satisfaction.


BackgroundThe risk of an unintended, potentially unwanted, pregnancy is related to whether or not a woman uses any method of contraception and which method she uses. We do not know if, or how, contraceptive use in Northern Ireland (NI) varies by age or deprivation. If, as in the rest of the United Kingdom, the younger and most disadvantaged are least likely to use contraception, or to use effective methods of contraception, they will be at increased risk of having an unintended pregnancy.
ObjectivesTo describe the use of prescribed contraceptives in NI and explore how this varies based on a woman's age and the deprivation in the area in which she lives. As the prescriber plays a critical role in determining medication use we will also explore how the use of prescribed contraceptives varies based on characteristics of the woman's general practice (GP) such as size of practice, urban/rural practice location and practice area deprivation.
MethodA population based cohort study, is being conducted through the Honest Broker Service, linking the GP Register to the Enhanced Prescribing database and 2017 NI Multiple Deprivation Measure for all females of reproductive age 2010-2016.
Research based on administrative data is free from recall and social desirability bias, which may be present in surveys of contraceptive use. Administrative data cannot however identify use of over-the-counter contraceptives.
FindingsThis project is still in progress and results will be available by the time of the conference. Based on the NI Statistics and Research Agency Mid-Year Population Estimates and the Business Services Organisation Pharmaceutical statistics there were an estimated 472,875 females between the ages of 12 and 49 living in NI 2010-2016 with 2,316,075 prescriptions for a contraceptive.
ConclusionsAdministrative data should be regularly analysed to understand contraceptive use patterns, and address inequalities.


In September 2010, Oxford Archaeology South (OAS) undertook an archaeological
field investigation at a proposed new student accommodation building at the site of
61 St Aldate's, Oxford. The Site lies just off the Grandpont, one of the principal
historical crossing points over the River Thames. The purpose of the work was to
provide baseline data regarding the preservation of archaeological and
palaeoenvironmental remains at the site.
A watching brief was maintained on all intrusive works associated with the removal
of the existing building remains. A number of trenches were excavated for new
services and to removed existing ones. Two foundation pits for a lift shaft and crane
base were also monitored. In addition two geoarchaeological boreholes were
undertaken on the site in order to mitigate the impacts of piling and to assess the
geoarchaeological potential.
No significant archaeological features or deposits were identified during the
watching brief. The service trenches revealed a sequence of modern building rubble
overlying thick post medieval land make-up deposits, on to a moderately well
preserved floodplain sequence. With the exception of the ground piles, the impact of
the development will be confined mostly to the post medieval reclamation deposits.
The trenches only went deep enough to investigate the upper alluvial sequence.
Only the boreholes were able to record the full alluvial sequence to Pleistocene
gravels.
The two boreholes produced a 3.4m deep Holocene sequence of organic silts and
alluvium overlying Pleistocene gravel and sealed by up to 2m of post medieval land
reclamation deposits. The results of the fieldwork would suggest the site was
reclaimed from the 11th century associated with the construction of the Grandpont,
and then late experienced significant ground raising activities in the post medieval
period. Prior to this the site may have been too wet for occupation and frequently
prone to waterlogging and flooding.
©


This article analyzes the transformation of epistemological and methodological discourses in German microscopy. It is argued that the expansion of microscopy in the early decades of the nineteenth century was pivotal for the emergence of intricate methodologies that characterized the instruments and methods of microscopy in new ways. Close examination of these means of investigation showed them to be intrinsically imperfect. The flaws of the instrument, the faults of the observer's eyes and the obstructive power of the objects of investigation actions came to be crucial issues in epistemological and methodological debates. It became clear that the particulars of the research arrangement not only limited the range of possible microscopical observations but would always impede and interfere with the results: Perfect working conditions could never be achieved.


This study is aimed to analyze the floe patterns and thermal characteristics by computer simulation under the variations of fire strength for the logitudinal tunnel, from which flow and heat distributions are predicted in the longitudinal tunnel. Through the results of numerical computations, followings are found; one is that the volume flow rate is discontinuously increasing as closer to fire location, and the other is that a critical design to get the faster flow rate is required because of existence of backlayer flow for the high fire strength in view of safety for thepeople in fire of the tunnel


We report here the results of a three year study on the zooplankton of Lago Paione Superiore, an acid sensitive lake above the tree line in the Italian Alps. The research was carried out within MOLAR, an EC-founded Project on "Measuring and Modeling the dynamic response of remote mountain lakes ecosystems to environmental change". This study comes after a series of investigation s on the effects of acidification, in which we documented the changes occurred with decreasing water pHs, by comparing the recent situation with that in the literature of the 40s, and reconstructed the beginning of anthropogenic disturbance through an analy sis of the past cladocera assemblages archived in the lake sediments. A characteristic pattern in seasonal periodicity is a transition from a community dominated by small zooplankton (August) to a community where the large particle-feeder Daphnia longispina dominates. This is a typical pattern observed in fishless, copepod-cladocera lakes. Regardless from which food is able to exploit, Daphnia population of Lago Paione Superiore is composed by well-fed organisms, visually rich in lipids, able to produce more than one g eneration/year of parthenogenetic females at density levels which are rather high in an oligotrophic high mountain lake.


Classical Islamic scholarship developed two principal theses on the subject of the origin of language (aṣl al-lugha). The first of these theses, commonly referred to as tawqīf, accentuated the pre-eminent role that divine agency played in the imposition of language; axiomatic within this perspective is the view that words (lafẓ pl. alfāẓ) have been assigned their meanings (maʿnā pl. maʿānī) primordially by God. Presented as something of an antithesis to this position, the second doctrine, labeled iṣṭilāḥ, predicates that language was established and evolved via a process of common convention and agreement: words together with their meanings were assigned by human beings, although both the doctrines of tawqīf and iṣṭilāḥ posit that the actual relationship between words and their assigned meanings remains entirely arbitrary, rejecting any sort of natural link between the two. Although later Islamic scholarship accepted that both theses were plausible, within the course of the 9th/10th centuries opinions on the subject were ostensibly polarized between orthodox and arch-rationalist camps with the former endorsing tawqīf and the latter iṣṭilāḥ. In the quest to achieve a conceptual defense of traditional arguments for tawqīf it was necessary for orthodox theologians to create a connective structure, as articulated through reference to remembrance, continuation, and identity, which enabled them to anchor the construct of tawqīf in a formalized way to the scriptural exegesis and emblems of orthodoxy associated with the pious ancestors. That this was successfully accomplished through references to the past would seem to confirm the role which cultural memory played in the defense of what was deemed an orthodox belief.


Yang L, Ruan L-M, Ye H-H, Cui H-B, Mu Q-T, Lou Y-R, Ji Y-X, Li W-Z, Sun D-H, Chen X-B. Depression is associated with lower circulating endothelial progenitor cells and increased inflammatory markers. Objective: To test the hypothesis that depression status in subjects without cardiovascular diseases (CVD) or diabetes is associated with depletion of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and impaired endothelial function. Method: Thirty depressive persons with the first episode of depression (case group) diagnosed according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) and 30 healthy people (control group) were investigated. The depression status was estimated using Hamilton Rating Scale of Depression from which the criteria of depression are determined to be >21 score. EPCs labeled with CD34-ECD, CD133-phycoerythrin and kinase insert domain receptor (KDR)-fluorescein isothiocyanate antibodies were counted by flow cytometry in the peripheral blood of patients and control subjects. Mononuclear cells that were positive for CD34/KDR, CD133/KDR and CD34/CD133/KDR within the lymphocyte population were characterised as different phenotypes of EPCs. Results: There were no significant differences in baseline clinical characteristics between patients and healthy individuals (all p > 0.05). However, patients with depression had significantly lower levels of circulating CD34+CD133+KDR+ EPCs (132.20 ± 17.27 vs. 225.93 ± 9.88, p = 0.000) and endothelial colony-forming units (26.40 ± 3.79 vs. 36.60 ± 2.88, p = 0.000) than that of healthy subjects. Furthermore, CD34+CD133+KDR+ EPCs had a negative correlation with tumour necrosis factor-α (Spearman's ρ = 0.433, p = 0.000) and interleukin-6 (Spearman's ρ = 0.441, p = 0.032). Conclusion: Our result shows that depression was associated with lower levels of circulating EPCs, which may contribute to the development of endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis.


Abstract Sums-of-products models can be characterized as a variant of the analysis of variance model, where interaction terms are assumed to be products of single-factor scales and where the assumption that main effects and interaction terms have zero sums is dropped. Because of the ordinal structure inherent in sums of products, these models are appropriate when data satisfy single-factor independence (the direction of the effects of a factor is independent of other factors) but have amplificatory violations of joint independence (the direction of the joint effects of a set of factors may depend on other factors, because a given factor amplifies the effects of some factors more than the effects of others). This paper describes data analysis methods for sums-of-products models that determine which main effect and interaction terms exist. The methods are exploratory in that no error theory is provided. A key concept is that of multi-factor residual with respect to a set of factors, computed by successively "taking out the means" of these factors. The methods involve analysis of multi-factor residuals in terms of their sums of squares and their N -way matrix ranks.


The monogenean Microcotyle sp. was isolated from common dentex in the Sea of Crete, the part of the Mediterranean Sea. The 28S rRNA gene of Microcotyle sp.  was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR product was sequenced and compared with other 28S rRNA sequences of Monogenea. Phylogenetic analyses were performed with neighbour-joining (NJ), minimum evolution (ME), maximum likelihood (ML) and maximum parsimony (MP) method. The result of analysis shows that NJ and ME method presented the same topology; ML method led to a similar but slightly different topology from NJ or ME method; MP method resulted in a totally different topology from the other methods. Also, Microcotyle sp . isolated in this study was proven to be closest to Microcotylidae gen . sp. MAF-2012 and Bivagina pagrosomi . Key words: Microcotyle sp., common dentex, Mediterranean Sea, 28S rRNA gene, phylogenetic analysis.


Obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and inflammation are key clinical risk factors for the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Currently, there is no comprehensive metabolic profile of a well-established animal model that effectively mimics the etiology and pathogenesis of NAFLD in humans. Here, we report the pathophysiological and metabolomic changes associated with NAFLD development in a C57BL/6J mouse model in which NAFLD was induced by feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) for 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks. Serum metabolomic analysis was conducted using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to establish a metabolomic profile. Analysis of the metabolomic profile in combination with principal component analysis revealed marked differences in metabolites between the control and HFD group depending upon NAFLD severity. A total of 30 potential biomarkers were strongly associated with the development of NAFLD. Among these, 11 metabolites were mainly related to carbohydrate metabolism, hepatic biotransformation, collagen synthesis, and gut microbial metabolism, which are characteristics of obesity, as well as significantly increased serum glucose, total cholesterol, and hepatic triglyceride levels during the onset of NAFLD (4 weeks). At 8 weeks, 5 additional metabolites that are chiefly involved in perturbation of lipid metabolism and insulin secretion were found to be associated with hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia, and hepatic steatosis in the mid-term of NAFLD progression. At the end of 12 and 16 weeks, 14 additional metabolites were predominantly correlated to abnormal bile acid synthesis, oxidative stress, and inflammation, representing hepatic inflammatory infiltration during NAFLD development. These results provide potential biomarkers for early risk assessment of NAFLD and further insights into NAFLD development.


In this paper, We apply option game theory methods to compensate for the inherent limitations of traditional NPV, study Timing Decision of recycle economy investment in monopoly situation, in best time to invest the recycle project, not only brought a lot of cash flow, better profitability, and implemented the project cycle of production, reduce production costs. Finally ,analyze the parameters of affecting investment , which can reduce the impact on investment;And analysis the difference in critical belief value between the project investment of recycle economic and non-recycle economy. CLC:F424.7 Document code:A


Polymer matrix composites (PMCs) offer several advantages compared to
traditional metallic counterparts when employed in high-performance products
that need to be lightweight, yet strong enough to sustain harsh loading
conditions - such as aerospace components and protective structures in military
applications- armours, helmets, and fabrications retrofitted to transport vehicles
and bunkers. These are often subjected to highly dynamic loading conditions
under blast and ballistic impacts. Severe impact energy involved in these
dynamic loading events can initiate discrete damage modes in PMCs such as
matrix cracking, matrix splitting, delamination, fibre-matrix debonding, fibre
micro-buckling and fibre pull-out. Interaction of these damage modes can
severely reduce the load carrying capacity of such structures. This needs to be
understood to design structures with improved resistance to such loading. [Continues.]


A dynamic change in environmental conditions among floodplain habitats with different geomorphology might be a significant trigger in determining rotifer functional diversity. The aim of the study was to test the importance of environmental differences between several waterbody types, their positions within the floodplain and supporting microcrustacean communities in the structuring of rotifer functional feeding guilds. The study was conducted in Kopački rit floodplain during 2008 at five sites (two lakes, two channels and the main river). ANOSIM showed a significant difference in spatial distribution among rotifer feeding guilds. Redundancy analyses indicated biotic variables to significantly influence rotifer functional diversity in lake systems while in channel environments and the main riverbed guild representation was mainly influenced by limnological variables. Individual guild abundance changed relative to the site position within the floodplain as well, where the increased distance from the main riverbed resulted in increased rotifer numbers, and a different proportion of microfilter-feeders and macrofilter-feeders was recorded. The multiple linear regression showed a significant relation of macrofilter-feeder rotifers with microcrustaceans pointing to notable exploitative competition among these groups. The results highlight the ecological importance of all types of natural floodplain habitats necessary for preserving and maintaining the rotifer diversity.


Neurosurgeons are often involved in the care of patients with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST). Medical management of CVST includes appropriate diagnostic imaging studies, evaluation for potentially treatable causes of thrombosis, and control of increased intracranial pressure with medications and cerebrospinal fluid drainage. Seizure prophylaxis is indicated in the acute phase of disease and should be continued indefinitely in selected patients. Systemic anticoagulation with heparin and warfarin is the mainstay of medical treatment of CVST; anticoagulation is safe and effective even in the presence of intracerebral hemorrhage. Patients who deteriorate neurologically despite appropriate medical treatment are candidates for endovascular treatment. Endovascular interventions include infusion of thrombolytic agents directly into the thrombosed sinus and mechanical thrombectomy with balloons or rheolytic catheters. These interventions are effective and generally safe, although local thrombolytic infusions increase the risk of new or worsened intracranial hemorrhages. Chronic CVST with stenosis of the venous sinuses may be treated with balloon angioplasty and stenting. Under rare circumstances, open surgical interventions may be considered, including open thrombectomy and decompressive craniectomy. Neurosurgeons should also be prepared to treat late complications of CVST, including pseudotumor cerebri and dural arteriovenous fistulas. In summary, CVST is a serious but treatable disease, and effective medical, endovascular, and open surgical therapies exist.


BACKGROUND
The current tumor-node-metastasis system is inadequate to accurately classify patients in terms of prognosis. Thus, with the availability of recently developed molecular tools, considerable interest lies in discovering prognostic markers in order to guide treatment decisions. In this study, we sought to determine the prognostic significance of the cell cycle regulator cyclin D1 in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
We studied the protein expression levels of cyclin D1 on a tissue microarray composed of 63 OSCCs with long-term follow-up data available. Protein expression was analyzed with an automated in situ quantitative (AQUA) method which allows preservation of tissue morphology while quantifying protein expression in paraffin-embedded tissue.

RESULTS
The mean follow-up time was 35 months. High cyclin D1 nuclear expression was associated with increased 5-year local recurrence rate (48% versus 15%), inferior 5-year disease-free survival (16% versus 58%), and inferior 5-year overall survival (17% versus 53%). In multivariate Cox regression, high nuclear cyclin D1 expression was an independent predictor for local recurrence, disease-free survival, and overall survival at 5 years.

CONCLUSIONS
Our results indicate that quantitative assessment of nuclear cyclin D1 expression level by automated in situ quantitative analysis is a strong predictor for outcome in OSCC. Thus, cyclin D1 may be a potential target for molecular intervention in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer.


Background: Surgical treatment of navicular stress fractures (NSF) in athletes has been recommended secondary to the poor blood supply of the navicular and frequency of delayed union and refracture. Regardless of treatment, nonunion and persistent pain are complications described in adults. The purpose of this study was to describe patient and fracture characteristics and outcomes of surgical treatment of NSF in adolescents. Methods: An IRB approved retrospective review was performed of patients less than 18 years of age treated with surgical screw fixation of NSF from 2014 – 2019. All patients were contacted for collection of patient reported outcome measures (PROMs). Results: Five patients with a median age of 15.8 years (range 14 – 17 years) were included. Three patients, all baseball catchers, had a dorsal navicular osteophyte. All fractures were in the lateral third of the navicular. There were 3 type 2 fractures and 2 type 3 fractures. Median clinical follow-up was 7.1 months (range 5 – 14 months). No patient developed avascular necrosis. PROMs at a median of 61 months following surgery demonstrated that all patients returned to their primary sport at the same level and no patients reported refracture or subsequent surgeries. Conclusions: In a cohort of adolescent patients, operative fixation of type 2 and 3 NSF results in reliable healing, no evidence for AVN, and excellent mid-term outcomes with full return to sports. These outcomes are in contrast to higher rates of non-union and inability to return to sports reported in the adult literature.


Abstract
Introduction and objective: Intensive and short-term dynamic psychotherapy (ISTDP) is one of the effective treatments for personality disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ISTDP on reducing the symptoms and defensive mechanisms of obsessive-compulsive and avoidant personality disorders.
Method: The present study is an experimental research with a single experimental design (A-B-A). The statistical population of the present study consisted of all individuals with personality disorders, Tehran who referred to two psychology clinics in Tehran in 2019. Among the above statistical population, 6 people were diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive and avoidant personality disorders based on the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-III) and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders (SCID-II) based on the on DSM-5 criteria were selected by purposive sampling method. The instruments used in this study were: Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-III), Defensive Mechanisms Questionnaire-40 and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders (SCID). In addition, ISTDP protocol was applied to the research sample according to the Davanlo (1995, 2000) approach for 15 sessions once a week and each session for one hour. Subjects were assessed after baseline assessment, once every 3 sessions, and after the treatment sessions, 3 follow-up assessments were performed at one-month intervals. Data were analyzed using eye charts and Friedman test and version 24 of SPSS software.
Results: The results showed that ISTDP reduces the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive and avoidant personality disorders (p <0.05). Also, this treatment was significant in reducing, immature and neurotic defensive mechanisms and Increasing mature defensive mechanisms in individuals with obsessive-compulsive and avoidant personality disorders (p <0.05).
Conclusion: According to the findings, it can be concluded that ISTDP has a significant effect on reducing the symptoms and defensive mechanisms of obsessive-compulsive and avoidant personality disorders.


Purpose: To assess the influence of the intercalating drug ethidium bromide (EtBr) on the yields of single strand breaks (ssb) induced by fast neutrons in supercoiled pBR322 plasmid and in a linear DNA restriction fragment. Materials and methods: The yield of ssb in the plasmid was measured by agarose gel electrophoresis. The proportion of fragments bearing one ssb and the probabilityof breakageat each nucleotide site was determined using sequencing gel electrophoresis. The volume variations due to the intercalation of EtBr were calculated. The expected radio-modifying effect at each nucleotide site of the linear fragment was evaluated using a reported simulation procedure. Results: The ssb yield in the plasmid increased for concentrations up to 0.04 drug/bp and fell back in the range 0.04-0.1 drug/bp. For the linear DNA, only a slight protective effect was observed over the whole concentration range. The effect was almost the same at all nucleotide sites. Conclusion: For the linear DNA fragment, radioprotection was mainly due to scavenging of OH radicals by the intercalated drug. For the plasmid, the radio-modifying effect results mainly from the variation of its effective volume, due to the modification of superhelicity.


We use the multi-epoch, mid-infrared Spitzer Deep Wide-Field Survey to investigate the variability of objects in 8.1 deg2 of the NOAO Deep Wide Field Survey Boötes field. We perform a Difference Image Analysis of the four available epochs between 2004 and 2008, focusing on the deeper 3.6 and 4.5 μm bands. Out of 474, 179 analyzed sources, 1.1% meet our standard variability selection criteria that the two light curves are strongly correlated (r>0.8) and that their joint variance (σ12) exceeds that for all sources with the same magnitude by 2σ. We then examine the mid-IR colors of the variable sources and match them with X-ray sources from the XBoötes survey, radio catalogs, 24 μm selected active galactic nucleus (AGN) candidates, and spectroscopically identified AGNs from the AGN and Galaxy Evolution Survey (AGES). Based on their mid-IR colors, most of the variable sources are AGNs (76%), with smaller contributions from stars (11%), galaxies (6%), and unclassified objects, although most of the stellar, galaxy, and unclassified sources are false positives. For our standard selection criteria, 11%–12% of the mid-IR counterparts to X-ray sources, 24 μm AGN candidates, and spectroscopically identified AGNs show variability. The exact fractions depend on both the search depth and the selection criteria. For example, 12% of the 1131 known z>1 AGNs in the field and 14%–17% of the known AGNs with well-measured fluxes in all four Infrared Array Camera bands meet our standard selection criteria. The mid-IR AGN variability can be well described by a single power-law structure function with an index of γ ≈ 0.5 at both 3.6 and 4.5 μm, and an amplitude of S0 ≃ 0.1 mag on rest-frame timescales of 2 yr. The variability amplitude is higher for shorter rest-frame wavelengths and lower luminosities.


Damavand volcano is located 60 km to the East North- East of Tehran. It is a dormant stratovolcano outcrop in the Alborz Mountains of northern Iran and is the highest mountain (5670 m) in the Middle East and West Asia. Mazandaran Province, one of the most populous provinces by population density, Semnan and Gorgan provinces further east are neighbours of the Damavand. Volcanism in Damavand goes back to at least 1 Ma year ago and the latest eruption occurred 7000 years ago. Tephra dispersal in volcanoes strongly depends on atmospheric information in particular wind direction and velocity in stratospheric and tropospheric levels. We present an analysis of wind data to assess the hazards that would result from tephra fall in the cities and provinces neighbouring Damavand. Atmospheric data were provided from the Meteorological stations at Mehr-Abaad airport, Wyoming University and global data sets. We examine wind data from 17 standard pressure levels which cover from 5700 meter (Damavand peak) to 31 km above sea level. If Damavand moved into a state of unrest then a major explosive eruption is a plausible scenario that should be planned for. The results confirm that the area to the south and east of volcano will be affected by tephra. Communities around the southern and eastern flanks of the volcano also have high hazard. Wind data also shows the effects of season on dispersal of tephra from a 25 km high eruption column. Tephra dispersal is dominantly towards the east in all seasons for eruption columns up to 20 km above sea level. Mazandran, Semnan and Gorgan providence could be affected in this case. At 25 km- high eruption column and during the summer there are easterly winds; therefore, the tephra would disperse toward the east. In this case Tehran could experience a tephra fall deposit


Many sample surveys are not based on simple or unrestricted random samples, but usually on complex samples with stratification, clustering, unequal inclusion probabilities and multistage sampling. To estimate a parameter, all individual data from complex sample must be weighted by weights connected with sample selection scheme and statification and adjusted for nonresponse and noncoverage errors. Standard statistical computer software is correct for statistical inference from unrestricted random sample, but not from complex sample. The aim of this paper is to present utility of SAS software to statistical inference from complex sample. Data from Household Budget Survey 2008 were used in examples.


In recent years, fresh fruits and vegetables have attracted attention as potential alternative agricultural enterprises. The produce section also has grown in importance in the supermarket industry. Yet, there is little known about the produce shelf space allocation process within supermarket chains. This research describes the organization of fresh produce marketing within retail supermarket chains. Implications are derived for market penetration by new produce suppliers, particularly growers of specialty produce items. Results are reported form personal interviews conducted with the person most responsible for produce merchandising within each of 17 supermarket chains operating in the Virginia area.


The Internet of Things mission is to connect any objects to the Internet, in order to provide the ability to access everything, everywhere. It will enable people to control and monitor their environment in a very convenient way. In order to fulfill the Internet of Things mission, one idea is to wrap a non-IP based protocol stack in the objects equipped with sensors, actuators and computing resources to enable them to be connected to the Internet through a protocol translation gateway. An alternative and competing idea, is to embed the TCP/IP stack into such smart objects, enabling them to interact with the Internet seamlessly. However, in order to satisfy the Internet of Things needs such as scalability, interoperability and simplicity of configuration and management, the use of IP architecture for smart objects is of interest, since it has proven itself a highly scalable, interoperable and simple communication technology. In particular, the new optimized Internet Protocol, IPv6, which is capable of providing any single object with a unique address, accompanied by many other great features such as plug-and-play and a real end-to-end connectivity, can offer great benefits to the Internet of Things. Nevertheless, most of the smart objects specially deployed in Wireless Sensor Networks a subset of Internet of Things, are not able to adapt the large IPv6 packet because of their Link- Layer limitations. Hence, it is a quite challenging task for these devices to transmit an IPv6 packet. For this reason, the Internet Engineering Task Force organization has offered an IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPAN) solution in order to solve the IPv6 adaptability problem. This thesis presents the design and deployment of an IPv6-based WSN using this solution. The result of this work is building a 6LoWPAN based on the Contiki OS. This WSN is able to send the measured environment temperature to a web server and control the status of a light through the Internet in a standard, scalable, and seamless way.


Surveillance of NO2 in Zagreb started in 1994 at five measuring sites. This paper presents the levels and trends of NO2 annual mean values for the period between 1994 and 1998. The obtained data are compared with the recommended and limit values according to the Law on Air Quality Protection in Croatia and the Ordinance on Recommended and Limit Air Quality Values. For the past five years, ever since the measurement commenced, the concentration levels of NO2 in Zagreb have kept between the national recommended and limit values at all measuring sites, indicating that the air has been moderately polluted. This paper also shows the variations of monthly mean values through 1998 at all sites. The levels of NO2 in the northern part of Zagreb were measured at two distances from traffic. Daily variations in the levels were measured near the road and presented as hourly averages for workdays and weekends in winter and in summer reflecting the activity pattern of emission sources.


This thesis constitutes an historical and conceptual critique of universal criminal jurisdiction, with focus on the "core" international crimes. It comprises an evolutionary analysis of the concepts that the term "universal jurisdiction" encompasses, and how their "legitimacy" can be assessed. It calls into question the exercise, by states, of universal jurisdiction over international crimes.
Although universal jurisdiction has recently been the focus of considerable academic, and some judicial, attention, its treatment remains unsatisfactory on a number of levels. Insufficient attention is paid to the fact that the term itself does not reflect a unitary concept.
In common law states, the source of universal jurisdiction over post-WWII crimes was a legal argument, based on an analogy with the crime of piracy, which emerged from American legal scholarship prior to the Trial of the Major War Criminals at Nuremberg. This argument was flawed, and, it is argued, unsustainable. The civil law concept of universal jurisdiction is much older, entirely doctrinal in origin, and is embodied in the theory of aut dedere aut judicare (extradite or prosecute). A third source of universal jurisdiction is associated with the notion of jus cogens, whose uncertain nature and unknown content have served to further obscure a difficult concept. A further source of so-called universal jurisdiction are the so-called "terrorism treaties", which embody a consensual variant of the aut dedere aut judicare principle. It is contended that this last source alone is unproblematic.
All extraterritorial jurisdictional principles have an objectively ascertainable link with the crime, in the sense that it has affected the interest of the prosecuting state. It is argued that universal jurisdiction is the exception.
It is asserted that every criminal justice system requires identifiable and consistent jurisdictional parameters, and that their absence undermines the concept of "jurisdiction" and has a detrimental effect on the system itself. The issue can also be framed as one of standing. A major objective of this thesis is to draw attention to the fact that standing doctrine, a predominantly common law doctrine, provides a means of distinguishing between jurisdictional concepts termed "universal", and of evaluating their legitimacy. The disparate rationales expounded for the exercise of the universality principle(s) rely upon a form of intangible harm to an undefined universal "victim", rather than the tangible interests of the prosecuting state. This in tum reflects a failure to distinguish law from morality, to the point where the enforcement of moral norms has become the primary goal.
This study also highlights the inappropriateness of customary international law as a source of law in the present context, in relation both to its role and its content. It advocates international debate on the specific problems identified, in order both to clarify and agree a universal terminology, and the negotiation of an international convention relating to the exercise of extraterritorial jurisdiction over international cnmes.


The primary objective of Occupational Employment Statistics Survey, conducted by U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics in partnership with the 50 States and District of Columbia, is to measure occupational employment and wages at the very detailed level of Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA) crossed by over 300 industries. That is, how many people are employed in one of the 800 Standard Occupational Codes (SOC) and what are the mean occupational wages for each industry by MSA. A given sampling frame contains about 175,000 non-empty MSAby-industry cells. The occupational employment and wage estimates are also required at various aggregated levels of geography and industry. This study examines alternative sample allocation designs for a highly stratified population that deals with multiple issues such as establishment employment size and occupational diversity and variability.


Perovskite-type LSM and LSCF deposits were developed for oxygen electrode for solid oxide fuel cell and high temperature water electrolyzer by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) using different feedstock powders. The deposits were tailored to exhibit high oxygen catalytic activity, oxygen surface exchange and diffusion rates, gas permeability and electronic-ionic conductivity. Deposits did not exhibit undesired secondary phases that may form in plasma. Promoting partial melting of the surface of the particles ensured interlayer cohesion and very porous deposit. In SOFC mode cells with LSCF cathodes operating at 800 °C had more than 700 mW/cm² power densities at 0.7 V, which was 35% better than that of cells with LSM cathode. When operating in electrolyzer mode at 800 °C the cells with LSCF oxygen electrode also proved significantly enhanced electrochemical performance compared to cells with LSM oxygen electrode. At a current density of 1 A/cm2 the voltage for water splitting was reduced to around 1.4 V at an operating temperature of 800 °C and to 1.28 V at 850 °C.


Purpose To demonstrate the safety and efficacy of stent assisted, coil embolization for a large fusiform aneurysm that developed in a previously placed saphenous venous graft in the distal CCA and proximal ICA. Clinical Presentation A 44-year-old male presented with sudden onset of left hemiplegia, dysarthria and left hemianopia. An MRI brain revealed a large acute ischemic stroke the right temporo-parietal cortex and basal ganglia. A subsequent diagnostic angiogram revealed a large fusiform vein graft aneurysm measuring 3 cm by 2.5 cm engulfing the distal CCA and the origin of the ICA. A decision was made to perform covered stent assisted coiling of the aneurysm after vascular surgery deemed the procedure to carry too high a risk for intraoperative stroke. Treatment was delayed by 4 weeks due to the increased risk of hemorrhagic conversion of the large ischemic stroke. Technique Procedure was performed under conscious sedation. Two Precise stents were deployed across the aneurysm neck after jailing a Prowler 14 microcatheter inside the aneurysm sac to prevent coil herniation into the parent vessel. After filling the sac with coils, a covered Viabahn stent was successfully deployed across the aneurysm neck thereby achieving complete occlusion of the aneurysm while maintaining patency of the vessel lumen. Conclusion Covered stent assisted coiling for treatment of carotid artery vein graft aneurysms is a safe and effective treatment for a difficult vascular lesion. The patient was discharged home with complete resolution of the presenting symptoms and a NIH stroke scale of 0. This is the first reported case of successful endovascular treatment of an aneurysm developing in a vein graft in the carotid artery.Abstract E-017 Figure 1