The oriental ruby and sapphire are, mineralogically considered, merely coloured crystals of corundum, which mineral species has been shown by chemical analysis to consist of the earth alumina in a crystallized state and nearly pure condition. Where these gems have been met with, they appear almost always, if not invariably, to have been discovered in the beds of rivers as waterworn pebbles; and although the existence of corundum in small quantities in granular limestone in Asia Minor and the United States has long been known, any thing like a deposit of this mineral in sitû, sufficiently abundant for commercial exploration, appears to have been altogether unknown, until the author's attention was directed to the occurrence of numerous fragments of corundum on the surface and in the river-beds of Macon County, North Carolina, which encouraged him to make a minute examination of this district, and resulted in the discovery, in the summer of 1871, of the deposits of corundum now known as the Culsagee Corundum Mine. The locality of this mine is a hill, situated about nine miles east of Franklin, the principal town of Macon County, the summit of which is some 400 feet above the valley and about 2500 feet above the level of the sea; geologically it is a boss of serpentine protruded through the surrounding granite.


Conducting life saving research properly and quickly is a moral imperative

Every year over 200 000 babies are born with thalassaemia major. They have a life expectancy of less than 30 years and are dependent on blood transfusions. Repeated transfusions result in cirrhosis of the liver, cardiomyopathy, endocrinopathies, and death due to haemosiderosis. Desferoxamine, an iron chelator, has been used for more than 30 years to treat haemosiderosis. It is given by daily, subcutaneous, slow injection, with inconvenience and local reactions resulting in suboptimal compliance in about half the patients.1 Despite desferoxamine, cardiac disease is still responsible for 70% of all deaths in these patients. Developing an orally administered chelating agent has therefore been a major objective in the care of patients with thalassaemia. Unfortunately the development of such a drug (deferiprone) has resulted in one of the most acrimonious and destructive of conflicts between a clinical researcher (Nancy Olivieri)and a drug company (Apotex).2 w1-w4 Thisdispute raises several ethical issues, which are discussed in a symposium in the Journal of Medical Ethics 3 and in part here.

Dr Olivieri began to study deferiprone in 1989. In 1993 Apotex began to provide financial support for her trials. By March 1996 Dr …


Relative depth may be appreciated with the use of one eye using linear perspective, shadows, parallax and texture as monocular cues to depth. Stereopsis, on the other hand, is the direct appreciation of relative depth that requires the use of both eyes to construct a three-dimension-al percept from disparate two-dimensional retinal images. The advantage of stereopsis is with respect to complex visual tasks especially that requiring accurate hand-eye coordination. Tinted lenses are prescribed for a variety of reasons, including but not limited to photophobia, asthenopia, improving colour perception in colour deficient individuals, enhancing cosmesis and protection against glare or harmful radiation and enhancing visual performance as in sports. The aim of this study was to investigate the comparative effects of six specific CR39 tinted spectacle lenses (grade B), and a white CR39 lens, against a no lens condition, on stereoacuity over a range of illumination levels. Illumination was varied with the use of neutral density (ND) filters, while the Titmus Fly Stereotest (TFS) wasused to measure stereoacuity. Participants (n =60) between the ages of 17 - 29 years (mean =23.58; sd = 3.14) were purposively sampled from a clinical practice to participate in this research study.  Using repeated measures ANOVA and appropriate post-hoc multivariate analysis, it was evident that there was a significant decline in stereopsis as the level ofillumination decreased,regardless of tint condition; also there was no statistically significant difference in stereopsis between the no lens and white lens conditions at each level of illumination; and stereopsis wassignificantly superior with the no lens conditioncompared to all six other tint conditions (grade B), at each level of illumination. These results indicate that stereoacuity, as measured by the TFS, is adversely affected by a decline in retinal illuminance and by the use of tinted lenses. This information could be utilised to advise patients on the performance implications of the six tinted lenses tested with respect to their effects on stereoacuity under different illumination levels.


This research aims to provide insight into the signals indicative of radicalisation that are currently perceived by key actors in the municipality of Hengelo. A literature study with a multi-disciplinary scope was performed in order to come up with a model that incorporates several factors from the literature that are thought to contribute to an individual's radicalisation process. The model can be used to assess whether an individual is at an increased risk of radicalising. In-depth qualitative interviews were subsequently conducted with 11 key actors that deal with radicalisation in their daily work. Actors from four categories were interviewed: government professionals, school staff, frontline professionals and civil society actors. Additionally, the safety advisor to the mayor in Arnhem was interviewed to compare the results of this study. It turned out that there was substantial agreement on the factors that were included in the model, which, after revision, includes ten components: the social environment, personality issues, a violent interpretation of the faith, a need for excitement, identity issues, feelings of alienation, grievances and moral outrage, social polarisation, relative deprivation and discrimination, and perceived illegitimacy of authorities. When this model was applied to the situation in Hengelo, it turned out that most factors were barely present in Hengelo. However, some interviewees mentioned that they frequently pick up signals of social polarisation and feelings of discrimination. It can be concluded that the threat level in Hengelo is relatively low. Furthermore, although all factors in the model were recognized by at least some interviewees, it was striking that not all factors were recognized by all interviewees, i.e. that each actor has a different perception of the factors that contribute to radicalisation. Most actors are fairly positive about their own ability to pick up signals, there are however considerable challenges in both picking up and responding to these signals. An advice was given regarding the development of a network. The current network, that is used to discuss suspected individuals, can be complemented with a network that includes more actors and has somewhat different goals: sharing knowledge and designing interventions that are not limited to individual cases. Also, contacts between actors from all parts of society that deal with radicalisation can be brought together so that information sharing becomes possible.

Key words: early warning system, extremism, jihadism, local governance, radicalisation


Habituation is a foundational learning process critical for animals to adapt their behavior to changes in their sensory environment. Although habituation is considered a simple form of learning, the identification of a multitude of molecular pathways including several neurotransmitter systems that regulate this process suggests an unexpected level of complexity. How the vertebrate brain integrates these various pathways to accomplish habituation learning, whether they act independently or intersect with one another, and whether they act via divergent or overlapping neural circuits has remained unclear. To address these questions, we combined pharmacogenetic pathway analysis with unbiased whole-brain activity mapping using the larval zebrafish. Based on our findings, we propose five distinct molecular modules for the regulation of habituation learning and identify a set of molecularly defined brain regions associated with four of the five modules. Moreover, we find that in module 1 the palmitoyltransferase Hip14 cooperates with dopamine and NMDA signaling to drive habituation, while in module 3 the adaptor protein complex subunit Ap2s1 drives habituation by antagonizing dopamine signaling, revealing two distinct and opposing roles for dopaminergic neuromodulation in the regulation of behavioral plasticity. Combined, our results define a core set of distinct modules that we propose act in concert to regulate habituation-associated plasticity, and provide compelling evidence that even seemingly simple learning behaviors in a compact vertebrate brain are regulated by a complex and overlapping set of molecular mechanisms.


ABSTRACT Advertising discourses are made of symbols, stereotypes, and myths, that is why analyzing cultural identities in advertisements could provide information on how to see and think of a society. Cultural identity is at first and foremost a "shared individuality" that social actors develop, activate and modify in contexts of social and historical interaction according to specific issues that lead them to act. Advertising appears as a cultural mirror which gives brands symbolic values and a narrative identity. Generally speaking, national identity has always been a sensitive issue for Turkey. The purpose of this paper is to analyze how the advertising discourse constructs the "Turkish being" identity. To that end advertisements offered in the various Turkish media from 1930 until today have been taken into account. Semiotic method has been used. Meaning occurs by progressive enrichment from an elementary core where the constituent values of a society are structured. These values are exploited by narrative structures and later staged through figures which constitute real life.


Feature selection has been proven to be effective and efficient in preparing high-dimensional data for many mining and learning tasks. Features of real-world high-dimensional data such as words of documents, pixels of images and genes of microarray data, usually present inherent hierarchical structures. In a hierarchical structure, features could share certain properties. Such information has been exploited to help supervised feature selection but it is rarely investigated for unsupervised feature selection, which is challenging due to the lack of labels. Since real world data is often unlabeled, it is of practical importance to study the problem of feature selection with hierarchical structures in an unsupervised setting. In particular, we provide a principled method to exploit hierarchical structures of features and propose a novel framework HUFS, which utilizes the given hierarchical structures to help select features without labels. Experimental study on real-world datasets is conducted to assess the effectiveness of the proposed framework.


This Research Paper seeks to explore what 'sympathy' and 'support' actually mean when it comes to terrorism. The text addresses some of the problems of public opinion surveys, includes a conceptual discussion and then continues with the presentation of data from public opinion surveys. It notes that opinion polls can be helpful in gauging (verbal) support for terrorism but also finds that the questions asked in opinion polls are generally lacking precision while the answers are often influenced by political pressures. When translating (generally low) percentages of sympathy and support for al Qaeda and so-called Islamic State in various countries into actual population figures, it emerges that there is a sizeable radical milieu in both Muslim-majority countries and in Western Muslim diasporas, held together by the world wide web of the internet. While large majorities of Muslims in most countries have no love for jihadist extremists, there are more than enough breeding grounds for terrorism. The Research Paper concludes that better instruments for measuring sympathy and support for jihadist terrorism are needed to inform counter-terrorist strategies.


General equilibrium models in which compensation for local amenities occurs in both housing and labour markets have been widely used to generate implicit amenity prices and regional quality of life indices. An implication and prospective test of such models is that individuals who are outside the labour market have an incentive to locate in regions where amenities are capitalized into wages. In this article we construct a measure of the extent of amenity capitalization into wages for each county in England and Wales. We then test the multimarket amenity model by applying this measure to county-level data on the location of retirees. Our results provide strong support for the model.


Radio Frequency Identification RFID is revolutionizing item identification and tracking. The technology demonstrates complexities in terms of a huge initial capital investment, b validating the need for RFID followed by its implementation decisions, c risks associated with consumer acceptance and consequences of incorrect implementation, and d capability to support enhancements and upgrades in cordial agreement with the individual implementer organizations. This paper explores the extent of RFID implementation at the Swansea University Library, examining the Social, Technological, Economic, and Managerial STEM aspects directly associated with implementation. A focused interview approach was resorted to, for data collection purposes. The core implementation team for RFID at Swansea University was interviewed to gain insights into the study's areas of interest. It was found that self service is the most sought after benefit. It simplifies stock management and enhances security at the libraries. Although the cost of the system remains a concern, varying on the basis of the scale of implementation, vandalism also continues to exist but to a reduced degree. University libraries are public sector organizations, consequently leading these findings to have an insinuation for RFID implementations in other public sector organizations as well.


Crowdfunding recently emerged as an alternative funding channel for start-ups, creative artists and social endeavors. On specialized web platforms, project creators ask the crowd for support and provide in return a set of rewards, modulated according to the amount of support pledged. Our study investigates the role of self-and social-image enhancing rewards in determining project success. Using data from 346 projects hosted by Startnext, the biggest crowdfunding platform in Germany, we show that providing higher shares of reward levels that let pledgers participate in and experience the project is correlated with project success.


Latent vectors extracted by machine learning (ML) are widely used in data exploration (e.g., t-SNE) but suffer from a lack of interpretability. While previous studies employed disentangled representation learning (DRL) to enable more interpretable exploration, they often overlooked the potential mismatches between the concepts of humans and the semantic dimensions learned by DRL. To address this issue, we propose Drava, a visual analytics system that supports users in 1) relating the concepts of humans with the semantic dimensions of DRL and identifying mismatches, 2) providing feedback to minimize the mismatches, and 3) obtaining data insights from concept-driven exploration. Drava provides a set of visualizations and interactions based on visual piles to help users understand and refine concepts and conduct concept-driven exploration. Meanwhile, Drava employs a concept adaptor model to fine-tune the semantic dimensions of DRL based on user refinement. The usefulness of Drava is demonstrated through application scenarios and experimental validation.


Urethral gonorrhoea (UG) dramatically decreased in Paris between 1986 and 1997 as a consequence of safer sexual behaviour. Thus, only 43 cases of gonorrhoea have been collected in our clinic in 1997, the lowest number since the early 1970s. Since 1998, an increase has been observed, as in other STD clinics in France and in the Renago laboratory network. 1–3 Men who have sex with men (MSMs) represent an increasing number of men with UG. Many of them are HIV seropos-itive and recognise unprotected oral sex as the only risk factor for gonorrhoea. This finding prompted us to study pharyngeal carriage of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) and Neisseria menin-gitidis (NM) in this population. consecutive cases of male UG were observed in our clinic; a pharyngeal smear for culture of NG and NM was suggested as well as a stand-ardised questionnaire aimed at sexual behaviour ; 178 gave informed consent. Results are presented in table 1, comparing MSMs and men who also have sex with women (MSWs). Interestingly, MSMs represent more than 50% of patients with UG (compared to 10% in 1986 and 20% in 1995). One third of them are HIV seropositive (a minimal figure because of a high rate, 9%, of test refusal). Fifty eight per cent admitted unprotected oral sex as the sole risk factor for gonorrhoea. Moreover, 98% of the gonococci cultured in MSMs are sero-group W-2–3 (v 73 % in MSWs) and only 1/92 produce penicillinase (v 26 % in MSWs), suggesting a homogeneous cluster of strains circulating in the Paris gay community (study ongoing). Finally, pharyngeal carriage of both NG (14%) and NM (20%) is high. Data concerning MSWs are heterogeneous, UG affects mainly male patients from north (35%) and central (31%) Africa, with oral sex as the only risk factor for gonorrhoea (10%), and pharyngeal carriage of NG and NM (6%) is much lower, but not inconsistent. Pharyngeal gonorrhoea is mostly asympto-matic (all our cases were) and bacteriological diagnosis is uncertain, but we believe that the pharynx acts as an important reservoir accounting for the recent increase in UG, particularly in MSMs using unprotected oral sex as an alleged safer sex act. The high proportion of HIV infected patients is a major cause of concern and information about the hazards of unprotected oral sex is warranted. References 1 Spenatto N, Viraben R. Substantial increase in gonorrhoea among homosexual men attending an STD centre in Toulouse, …


On the model of carrageenan-induced acute aseptic peritonitis in rats it is shown that in inflammation on the background of administration of chorion's cryoextract a marked inhibition of neutrophilic reaction and stimulation of macrophagic fibroblastic one, and earlier ending of inflammation is observed, i.e. cryoextract of chorion has an expressive anti-inflammatory action which is mainly realized by inhibition of pathologic reactions and stimulation of protective ones in the blood.


In response to criticism concerning the current solvency system, the European Commission is developing new rules for insurance companies operating in the member states of the European Union (EU). Under this so-called Solvency II concept, an insurer is allowed to verify its solvency by using an internal risk management model previously approved by the regulatory authority. In this article we develop such an internal risk management approach for property-liability insurers that is based on dynamic financial analysis (DFA). The proposed concept uses a simulation technique and models the central risk factors from the investment and underwriting areas of an insurance company. On the basis of the data provided by a German insurer, the ruin probabilities under different scenarios and varying planning horizons are calculated.


Acetaminophen is one of the most common over-the-counter pain medications used worldwide and is considered safe at therapeutic dose. However, intentional and unintentional overdose accounts for up to 70% of acute liver failure cases in the western world. Extensive research has demonstrated that the induction of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are central to the development of acetaminophen-induced liver injury. Despite the insight gained on the mechanism of acetaminophen toxicity, there still is only one clinically approved pharmacological treatment option, N-acetylcysteine. N-acetylcysteine increases the cell's antioxidant defense and protects liver cells from further acetaminophen-induced oxidative damage. Because it primarily protects healthy liver cells rather than rescuing the already injured cells alternative treatment strategies that target the latter cell population are warranted. In this study, we investigated mitochondria as therapeutic target for the development of novel treatment strategies for acetaminophen-induced liver injury. Characterization of the mitochondrial toxicity due to acute acetaminophen overdose in vitro in human cells using detailed respirometric analysis revealed that complex I-linked (NADH-dependent) but not complex II-linked (succinate-dependent) mitochondrial respiration is inhibited by acetaminophen. Treatment with a novel cell-permeable succinate prodrug rescues acetaminophen-induced impaired mitochondrial respiration. This suggests cell-permeable succinate prodrugs as a potential alternative treatment strategy to counteract acetaminophen-induced liver injury.


The article reviews announced fiscal stimulus packages in 43 countries. In March 2009, the total announced for stimulus plans is US$ 2.18 trillion, or 3.5% of world's GDP, mostly in higher income economies. The majority of these recovery packages contain measures to stimulate firms, consumers, and public investment in infrastructure. The article argues that a country approach is inadequate: a global crisis requires global responses. Developing countries will be hit hard, there is a need for increased ODA, so they are able to engage in countercyclical stimulation. Reviewing the content of stimulus packages, it is argued that stimulating global demand (and reducing poverty) will require further redistributive measures. Responses have been slow. There is an urgent need for a coordinated expansionary global stimulus package.


The increasing risk of water deficit stress due to global warming subjects winegrowers of traditional rain fed viticulture regions to new challenges regarding vine water status assessment and possible drought mitigation strategies, such as irrigation.This review summarizes the most recent studies on the impact of water deficit stress on vine and berry physiology; it discusses the latest scientific advances regarding hormonal and hydraulic regulation and segmentation and addresses the current debate on iso/an-isohydricity within vine cultivars. Latest literature on irrigation frequency, water stress memory and the impact of abiotic factors such as VPD (Vapor Pressure Deficit), radiation, temperature and canopy architecture on vine physiology and water use, raise important questions on water status assessment and the implementation of irrigation strategies. Practical consequences regarding the effects of vine water regime on vine water regulatory mechanisms are discussed. Recent technical and scientific advances shed new light on how site specific irrigation strategies matching production objectives could improve vineyard water use.


During September 11-13,1985, the Center for Archaeological Research, The University of Texas at San Antonio, conducted an archaeological survey of a proposed water main pipel ine for the Department of the Army, Al buquerque District, Corps of Engineers. The pedestrian survey identified one archaeological site (41 VV 810) that produced no temporally diagnostic artifacts. Construction of the water main will not adversely affect the site.


The Bose distribution for a gas of nonrelativistic free bosons is derived in the framework of $qp$-deformed second quantization. Some thermodynamical functions for such a system in D dimensions are derived. Bose-Einstein condensation is discussed in terms of the parameters q and p as well as a parameter $\nu_0'$ which characterizes the representation space of the oscillator algebra.


South Africa is "home" to the two largest populations of foreign nationals on the African continent. Its Chinese population numbers at least 300,000, and its Zimbabwean population, the largest outside of Zimbabwe, numbers at least one million. Many of these migrants end up working in Chinese restaurants as this is, by and large, a low-wage, low-skill, and low-barrier-to-entry sector. Based on original ethnographic research conducted in Johannesburg for fourteen months, this dissertation explores the cultural politics of diasporic entrepreneurs and migrant labourers, what I call the "intra-migrant economy," among everyday racialized insecurities in urban South Africa. I use the term "intra-migrant economy" to refer to the employment of one or more group of migrants by another group of migrants as an economic strategy outside the mainstream labour market. With little capital, Chinese restaurant owners are able to maximize profit through cheap Zimbabwean labourers, while Zimbabweans can easily obtain jobs without having proper documentation. Through exploring the structure of this sector, and the complex economic realities of and working relationships between Chinese and Zimbabwean migrants, I examine how the migrant and economic flows are negotiated and localized in South Africa's market, which also provides a concrete case study of intercultural communication.
Anthropologists have paid attention to how economic practices are intertwined and embedded in historical, political, and cultural systems. This dissertation suggests that not only are these factors intertwined but they also reinforce each other. The intra-migrant economy is thus more than a story about migrants' economic hardships; it is also a reflection on two migrant groups who are linguistically and culturally different, the social structures that create their exploitation, and how they construct informal labour relations and cope with wider forms of uncertainty in one of the most notably racialized states in history.


INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Our purpose was to study the relationship between the type of endoscopic calcification in the renal papilla (Randall's plaque, intratubular calcification, papillary crater) with stone chemistry and 24-h urine chemistry. METHODS: This was a prospective study of 41 patients (age range: 18 to 80 years) undergoing retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) for renal lithiasis (mean stone size: 15.3 mm ± 7.2 mm). We classified injuries of the renal papilla as Randall's plaque, tubular calcification, or papillary crater. The renal calculi were classified as uric acid, calcium oxalate monohydrate, calcium oxalate dihydrate, or calcium phosphate. A 24 h urine analysis of calcium, oxalate, citrate, and pH was performed in all patients. Each papillary endoscopically injury was analyzed and correlated with the type of stone and urine chemistry. Fisher's exact test and Student's t-test were used to determine the significance of differences. A p-value below 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The most common injury was tubular calcification (78%), followed by Randall's plaque (58%) and papillary crater (39%). There was no significant relationship between Randall's plaque with the type of stone. However, there were significant relationships between the type of stone and intratubular calcification (p = 0.025) and papillary crater (p = 0.041), in that COD and calcium phosphate stones were the most common types in both groups. There was also a significant relationship between the papillary crater and hypercalciuria (p = 0,036), between Randall's plaque and hypocitraturia (p=0,005) and papillary crater and hypooxaluria (p=0,024). None of the other differences were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Tubular calcification is the most common injury in patients with advanced renal lithiasis. Tubular calcification and papillary crater most often have COD and calcium phosphate stones. Hypercalciuria has positive associations with tubular calcification. Hypocitraturia has positive associations with Randall's plaque. Tubular calcification and papillary crater may represent the same type of papillary injury. Source of Funding: none


Yusuf Idris is a short story writer, novelist and playwright. On the whole, he uses each genre for different purposes. In his short stories he is the subjective writer concerned with a minute analysis of mental states and moods. In his novels he is the socially aware and politically committed writer, while In his plays he tackles social problems on an abstract level. While he has succeeded to a great extent as a short story writer and a playwright Yusuf Idris has failed as a novelist. His novels appear to be a string of short stories held together tenuously by a main theme or else they are overblown short stories. Yusuf Idris then is to be seen primarily as a short story writer and a playwright. In the short stories the author treats his characters as lonely Individuals who suffer by being isolated from other human beings, and the solution to their problem lies in a return to the fold of the corporate entity. Here Yusuf Idris contradicts herself, as it is precisely this corporate entity, supposedly ensuring the happiness of the individual which is the source of his unhappiness. The characters ere depicted as living either in the city or the country. For Yusuf Idris it is the latter that promises harmonious human relationships while the former is the source of unhappiness. By idealising the country the author distorts the quality of urban living when contrasting town life and city life. The characters are constantly faced with defeat, mainly through poverty. Sex occupies a central position in his writing and it is treated In terms of its influence on behaviour. Physical and mental suffering are treated in detail and the author's training as a medical man is readily apparent. The author's major contribution, however, lies in his analysis of the obsession, which underlies many of his short stories, and influences his technique of characterisation. His plays are diametrically opposed to the rest of his work. In them the psychological element is lacking and issues ore discussed on an abstract level. It is as if the short stories and the ploys had been written by two different men.


The fishery of Lake Victoria is dominated by four species, the introduced Nile perch (Lates niloticus) and Nile tilapia, (Oreochromis niloticus), the native dagaa, (Rastrineobola argentea) and haplochromines. Recently, there has been a concern about the state of these fish stocks and their current status is reviewed by examining trends in biomass, catch, catch per unit efforts and biological indicators. The Cadima model was used to predict the MSY of Nile perch and dagaa and the Nile perch was shown to be under intense fishing pressure. The biomass has considerably reduced with catches being higher than the predicted MSY. In contrast, the dagaa fishery was well below the predicted MSY and there is still scope for expansion. The fishery for Nile tilapia is also under pressure as a result of increased fishing effort and illegality, but little is known about the haplochromines. The current status of the fisheries threatens the benefits which the lake has been providing for decades and it is recommended that management options outlined in this paper are implemented to avoid the collapse of the fisheries. Keywords : Lake Victoria, biomass, Nile perch, Rastrineobola, recovery plan, species specific management plan *Paper presented to the Lake Victoria Stakeholder's Conference, Kampala, 27-30 October 2008


Network control in microgrids is an active research area driven by a steady increase in energy demand, the necessity to minimize the environmental footprint, yet achieve socioeconomic benefits and ensure sustainability. Reducing deviation of the predicted energy consumption from the actual one, softening peaks in demand and filling in the troughs, especially at times when power is more affordable and clean, present challenges for the demand-side response. In this paper, we present a hierarchical energy system architecture with embedded control. This architecture pushes prediction models to edge devices and executes local control loops to address the challenge of managing demand-side response locally. We employ a two-step approach: At an upper level of hierarchy, we adopt a conventional machine learning pipeline to build load prediction models using automated domain-specific feature extraction and selection. Given historical data, these models are then used to label prediction failure events that force the operator to use backup energy sources to stabilize the network. On a lower level of hierarchy, computed labels are used to train impact models realized by LSTM networks running on edge devices to infer the probability that the power consumption of the player contributes to the upper level prediction failure event. The system is evaluated on clustered and aggregated energy traces from a public data set of academic buildings. The results show the benefits of the proposed hierarchical energy system architecture in terms of impact prediction with 55% accuracy. This allows minimizing the number of prediction failure events by 11.69 % by executing targeted local control.


During the social transformation in the 1950's through to the late 1980's, thousands of Khrushchyovka* were built in Moscow to cater for the social housing demand after the war. After nearly 70 years of occupation these housing developments and homes have become outdated, overrun and irreparable. The current government strategy is to forcibly relocate families from Khrushchyovka to apartments of 'equal size' on the outskirts of Moscow. Even in the newer developments high-density living is seen as temporary and confined to specific life stages. This view is informed by the lack of social space and increase of narrow and dark spaces which are seen to compromise health and safety and is the result of ridged and stringent planning.
This thesis proposes to incorporate the principles of social interaction such as passive contact and low intensity interaction opportunities; which is merely the ability to meet, see and hear and thereby to improve living conditions and bring back a sense community to high-density urban housing in Moscow. It argues that a new planning and design framework for high-density housing through low intensity social contact can promote greater social engagement, which can contribute to people's wellbeing and happiness.
The development of an urban and architectural framework for greater social interaction will look at creating opportunities for the interaction of people in public and semi-public space. This will provide a method for understanding how social contact can be combined with the provision of private and public space, while looking to promote safety, comfort and healthier living environments. It also recognises the importance of the public and semi-private spaces being governed by the residents and not private entities or individuals.
Khrushchyovka [Хрущёвка] - Housing built in the 1950s-1960s and named after Nikita Khrushchev (First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union) 1953-1964.


Typically wireless networks coverage is planned with static redundancy to compensate temporal variations in the environment. As a result, the service still is delivered but the network coverage could have entered a critical state, meaning that further changes in the environment may lead to service failure. Service failures have to be explicitly notified by the applications. Therefore, in this paper we propose a methodology for fault-tolerant coverage planning. The idea is detecting the critical state and removing it by on-line system reconfiguration, and restoration of the original static redundancy. Even in case of a failure the system automatically generates a new configuration to restore the service, leading to shorter repair times. We describe how this approach can be applied to wireless mesh networks, often used in industrial applications like manufacturing, automation and logistics. The evaluation results show that the underlying model used for error detection and system recovery is accurate enough to correctly identify the system state.


All communities of refugee backgrounds should feel supported by the state and the majority, and have the power to strive for a better quality of life, while still being able to proudly proclaim their own culture in formal schooling. Culturally inclusive schools appreciate diversity, perceive it as a natural part of a modern society, and encourage all individuals regardless of their cultural background, race, ethnicity, religion, beliefs, gender, or language. This study is a theoretical introduction to the pilot project concerning the expectations and experiences of parents with refugee backgrounds in the context of early learning for their children in Australia. We look at diversity and the successful inclusion of children from refugee backgrounds families into formal schooling by creating culturally inclusive, safe and supportive learning environments. Keywords: Cultural Inclusion. Diversity. Inclusion. Formal Schooling. Refugees. Refugee Backgrounds People. Australian Education. Culturally Inclusive Schools. Safe and Supportive Learning Environment.


A menstruation industrial complex has arisen to profit from the monthly clean-up of uterine waste, and it is interesting to consider the way in which period poverty and menstrual capitalism are opposite sides of the same coin. Given that the average woman will dispose of 200 to 300 pounds of "pads, plugs and applicators" in her lifetime and menstruate for an average of thirty-eight years, this is a marketplace with substantial profit to be reaped even from the marginalized poor. As consciousness of issues such as period poverty and structural gender inequality increases, menstrual marketing has evolved and gradually started to "go woke" through messaging that may or may not be genuine. Companies are profit-seeking and the woke-washing of advertising, or messaging designed to appeal to progressively-oriented sentimentality, is a legitimate concern. Authenticity matters to those consumers who would like to distinguish genuine brand activism from appropriating marketing, but few objective approaches are available to assess authentic commitment.

This Essay considers the profit to be made in virtue signaling solely for the purpose of attracting customers and driving sales: pro-female, woke menstruation messaging that may merely be an exploitative and empty co-optation. Feminists should be expecting more of menstrual capitalists, including a commitment that firms operating within this space address the diapositive issue of period poverty, one of the most easily solved but rarely discussed public health crisis of our time, and meaningfully assist those unable to meet basic hygiene needs who may never be direct consumers. This Essay serves as a thought piece to explore the idea of B Corporation certification as an implicit sorting device to distinguish hollow virtue signaling from those menstrual capitalists committed to socially responsible pro-womxn business practices.


ABSTRACT
 Recommender systems enable firms to target customers with products and services that better match their needs, as well as cross-sell products and services. Considering these factors in markets with monopoly and duopoly, we investigate (i) How do pricing strategies differ when firms cross-sell versus when they do not cross-sell, and (ii) How do these pricing strategies change when a firm improves its recommender system? We find that cross-selling can enable a monopolist to subsidize its price for the focal products, while maximizing its profit. In a duopoly, the price set by the firm with the inferior system (low-type firm) is always lower when the firms cross-sell than when the firms do not cross-sell; however, that does not necessarily hold for the high-type firm. When the high-type firm improves its recommender system, the low-type firm may decrease its price when firms cross-sell, which does not happen when firms do not cross-sell.


Fossil fuels (Natural gas, heavy and light oil) are considered the main sources for electricity generation in Libya. Libya's electricity demand is growing at a rapid rate and the country will require significant additional capacity in the coming years due to the development of all sectors of life and the improvement of individuals' life quality, without taking into account the rationalization of electricity consumption. The main reason for this is that Libya has a very high energy subsidy, especially the tariff set by the Libyan state for the price per kilowatt-hour for electricity sector. The heavily subsidized electricity price for household currently stands at (20 dirham's/kilowatt-hour) compared to (100 dirham's/kilowatt-hour), as the domestic price of fuel cost, and in return (450 dirham's/kilowatt-hour) as the electricity cost of fuel in international prices. In order to reduce the deficit and the ongoing balancing in energy demand with the amount of generation of available capacity it is necessary to study all electrical systems for the future, the most important of which are wind energy and solar energy projects to meet a significant part of this demand, and to reduce, as much as possible, the carbon dioxide emissions. This paper deals with the wind data processing at the site coupled with the city and its relationship to electricity generation. It presents long term wind data analysis, in terms of averages of ten minute values of wind speed were used to get yearly mean values for a period of 1 year, between 04/11/2002 and 30/12/2003. Most frequent wind directions are NW, N, NNW and WNW. They represent about 50%, followed by E, ESE and SE. In general, East and SE winds are relatively frequent but weak at the same time. The most powerful directions are NW, WNW, W and NNW which by far - represent about 46% of the expected power, followed by N. It should be noted that the high frequency of north direction winds that come from the desert can cause a high frequency of dust episodes. This fact should be taken into consideration in order to take appropriate measures to prevent wind turbine deterioration. The annual energy yield and wind direction were evaluated for AL-Magrun town, considering wind turbines ranging between 1.65 MW and 2 MW (power curve considering air density 1.225 kg/m3). The wind turbine (Gamesa 90/2000) recorded the highest values, equaling (6.05GWh,3023Eqh) and (M. Torres TWT 1.65-82 ) equaling (4.39 GWh, 2660 Eqh) compared to the rest of the turbines studied. These values encouraged us to take advantage of wind power to achieve economic benefits.


The technology of artificial intelligence breaks a new way in the area of network security. Applying the idea of Ant Colony Optimization into network vulnerability detection and restoration system can improve the performance of network security management. Based on the research of ant colony optimization algorithm, a novel model of multi Mobile Agent Vulnerability Detection and Restoration System (MAVDRS), which the restoration mechanism adopts ACO is proposed. The results showed that the model can ensure intranet's security and has a lower delay and higher network bandwidth utilization.


Increasing the amount of bioavailable mineral elements in plant foods would help to improve the nutritional status of populations in developing countries. Legume seeds have the potential to provide many essential nutrients. It is important to have information on genetic variations among different lentil populations so that plant breeding programs can use new varieties in cross-breeding programs. The main objective of this study was to characterize the micro- and macronutrient concentrations of lentil landraces seeds collected from South-Eastern Turkey. We found impressive variation in the micro- and macroelement concentrations in 39 lentil landraces and 7 cultivars. We investigated the relationships of traits by correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA). The concentrations of several minerals, particularly Zn, were positively correlated with other minerals, suggesting that similar pathways or transporters control the uptake and transport of these minerals. Some genotypes had high mineral and protein content and potential to improve the nutritional value of cultivated lentil. Cross-breeding of numerous lentil landraces from Turkey with currently cultivated varieties could improve the levels of micro- and macronutrients of lentil and may contribute to the worldwide lentil quality breeding program.


Background and aims Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is an importantmorbidity in premature infants with an multifactorial aetiology. In recent years, both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms were suggested to play an important role in BPD development. NO (Nitric Oxide) which is produced along with L-Citrulline by the oxidation of L-Arginine and catalysed by three different isoforms of NOS (NOSynthase), is a short-lived free radical involved indiverse physiological and pathological processes. It consists of 3 types such as neuronal NOS, endothelial NOS and inducible NOS. All the NOS genes are expressed in airway epithelial cells and they are important for physiological functions in the airways. The aim of this study was to investigate possible association between eNOS gene polymorphism and development of BPD in preterm infants. Methods One hundred and twenty two blood samples DNA isolation was carried out using the PureLinkTM Genomic DNA Mini Kit and the concentration of the DNA samples was measured by nanophotometerImplen P 300. For the SNP analysis of eNOS (rs1799983) optimised primers were used. Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (QRT-PCR) was carried out in a CFX96 thermocycler. Chi-square χ2 test, Fisher's exact test, the odds ratio and confidence intervals were calculated for the comparisons of allelic and genotype frequencies. Results Comparison of the allele frequency distribution revealed the presence of G allele as a highly significant risk factor for development of BPD (p = 0.000*; OR 4.07, 95% CI 2.066–8.009) compared to the T allele. The distribution of the T allele in eNOS was found to be similarly distributed amongst BPD (51.9%) and healthy control groups (48.1%). This study demonstrated that the frequency of the GG genotype (25.37%) of the eNOSgene was higher in babies with BPD rather than TT (53.6%) and TG (59.4)genotype, when these genotypes were compared with the healthy control groups. No healthy infants were seen to carry the GG genotype (p = 0.000*; OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.514–2.148). The TT genotype (p = 0.019*, OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.180–0.870) also displayed a susceptibility fordeveloping BPD. Heterozygous TG genotype (p = 0.631; OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.527–2.873) was not associated with the development of BPD. Conclusion To our best of knowledge, noinvestigation of the eNOS gene polymorphism has previously been documented in BPD. Thefindings of this study demonstrated that the GG genotype in eNOS gene was highly significant for BPD.


We demonstrate a computational process by which transcription factor binding sites can be elucidated using genome-wide expression and binding profiles. The profiles direct us to the intergenic locations likely to contain the promoter regions for a given factor. These sequences are multiply and locally aligned to give an anchor motif from which further characterization can take place. We present bases for and assumptions about the variability within these motifs which give rise to potentially more accurate motifs, capture complex binding sites built upon the basis motif, and eliminate the constraints of the currently employed promoter searching protocols. We also present a measure of motif quality based on the occurrence of the putative motifs in regions observed to contain the binding sites. The assumptions, motif generation, quality assessment and comparison allow the user as much control as their a priori knowledge allows.


Though data-based (evidence-based) decision making has long been normative in science-based professions, it has never been an essential benchmark for effective practice in education. This situation began to radically change with the passage of the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) legislation in 2001. At the heart of this legislation is the belief that educational decision making at all levels should be evidence based to the extent possible. NCLB had (and continues to have) bipartisan political support and, although modifications to the original legislation are sure to occur, the belief in evidence-based decision making isn't likely to fade away. Education has fought long and hard to gain acceptance as a profession and, since professionals by definition use data to shape the decisions they make, education has little choice but to continue moving in this direction. This 42-chapter handbook will be a major contribution to the literature of education. It will be a comprehensive, cross-disciplinary, research-based, and practice-based resource that all educators can turn to as a guide to data-based decision making.


We have found a novel adenosine binding protein in rat brain membranes. Based on the ligand binding specificities, this protein is not classified into any known P1 or P2 purinoceptors but is likely to be classified into the putative P3 purinoceptor which was recently proposed. This P3 purinoceptor-like protein was partially purified from rat brain membranes and characterized further by photoaffinity labeling with 8-azidoadenosine-5'-[gamma-32P]triphosphate. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the labeled preparations revealed that the probe is incorporated specifically into a single band with an approximate molecular size of 54 kDa.


Abstract Subglacial processes are described using a nested set of samples from AND-1B drill core collected from beneath the Ross Ice Shelf as part of the ANtarctic geologic DRILLing program (ANDRILL). An interval from the late Pleistocene was chosen for study because it is preserved in the sedimentary record, yet the depositional processes are applicable to the widely studied glacial conditions at the Last Glacial Maximum. A complete glacial–interglacial sequence, between two glacial surfaces of erosion (GSEs) at 41.9 and 47.7 meters below sea floor, was studied by centimeter-scale core logging based on X-radiographs of the archive core halves in addition to core description, bulk samples and 45 mm × 65 mm thin sections of diamictites for micromorphology analysis. Above the lower GSE, 4.6 m of subglacial till occurs including a sequence of thin muddy conglomerate with diverse pebble lithologies, massive clast-rich muddy diamictite, and stratified diamictite with clast-rich and clast-free beds. The sand-size fraction of these deposits is dominated by aggregate grains, termed till pellets following terminology used for Ross Sea deposits. We present the first detailed description and two different conceptual models of tillpellet formation beneath an ice stream: one is related to mechanical processes, and the other is related to thermodynamics. Till pellets are rounded, spherical to prolate in form, and are associated with turbate structures and aligned grains in thin sections. The core of the pellet is either a lithic grain or stiff till with additional clay plastered on the outside, forming rounded grains from originally angular ones. Galaxy structures, skelsepic fabric, and pressure shadows around grains are indicative of rotational deformation within the till. Till pellets form in situ within a highly porous deformable bed under an ice stream either by mechanical shearing or by alternating thermal conditions in the till. In the first model, a slow glacial advance under dry subglacial conditions fractures the till, increasing the porosity as shear induces dilation. Basal melting and high pore-water pressure develop as the ice stream thickens, decreasing the intergranular effective stress and inducing rotation of the angular till aggregates. An alternative model calls for basal freezing with preferential ice growth in larger pore spaces causing rotation of fine-grained till aggregates due to concentration of shear stresses in a thin zone beneath the glacier sole. Survival of till pellets is enhanced in subglacial diamictite as the thin zone of deformation moves upward toward the base of the ice stream. A thin granular bed enriched in till pellets is melted out in the grounding zone, and this deposit marks the transition from subglacial till to stratified silty claystone representing sub–ice shelf deposits.


Dependability evaluation is useful and important in designing computer systems, while at the same time it is also difficult. The difficulty becomes significant when the model combines hardware, software and their interactions due to the difference in failure behaviour between hardware and software. An approach to simplify the integrated evaluation of dependability is proposed using a structured top-down technique based on decomposition of system function in several levels. The sub-functions are then modelled using stochastic activity networks in terms of hardware, software and interaction. This in turn decomposes the system into components. The complete model is composed of the subnets of the sub-functions.


Porous composite materials constitute an innovative group of lightweight materials which combine high specific stiffness, good damping properties, and thermal insulation with the ability to absorb large amounts of energy at a low constant stress level. In the scope of this study, adhesively bonded metallic hollow sphere structures (MHSS) fully embedded within the adhesive matrix are considered with aim to determine their macroscopic behavior under uniaxial impact loading conditions by means of parametric computational simulations. The base material properties have been determined by quasi-static and dynamic experiments. Three topologies of syntactic hollow sphere structures of various dimensions are considered, namely the cubic primitive, the body centered cubic and the face centered cubic topology. Results of computational simulations show significant influence of topology and strain rate sensitivity on the composite structure behavior, while the influence of metallic hollow sphere wall thickness is less pronounced. Computational simulations show that it is possible to combine the MHSS topology, metallic hollow sphere wall thickness and strain rate sensitivity to achieve any desired dynamic response of MHSS adapted to a given engineering problem.


On-off keying (OOK) is an attractive modulation technique to reduce energy consumption of power-constrained wireless networks. The OOK detection threshold, however, must be carefully selected to minimize the bit error probability (BER). This is a challenging task to accomplish on resource-limited nodes or on networks with high-mobility. In this paper, an efficient algorithm to compute the optimal threshold is proposed. The system scenario considers nodes simultaneously transmitting over same frequencies in Rayleigh-log-normal or Rice-log-normal fad- ing conditions. It is shown that by using the Stirling expansion for the BER, and a log-normal approximation, a quick contraction- mapping can be built to achieve the threshold numerically. The mapping is simple to implement and converges quickly. Numerical simulations verify the validity of the theoretical analysis, and show that the new algorithm performs quite well in scenarios of practical interest.


Reporting wrongdoing is significant to the effectiveness of the organization, however, is a challenging task. The objective of this study was to contribute to the research by identifying the determining factors that influence the decision of a faculty member to report unethical behavior in the public sector universities. Further, to develop the validated scales to measure such factors. To achieve these objectives, this research study adopted a two-phase, exploratory sequential mixed method research design. A multistage sampling technique was used and a sample of 300 faculty members from four public sector universities of the Punjab were selected. The first part of the study was a qualitative phase to explore the dimensions by using semi-structured interviews and a focused group discussion method in which five dimensions were explored. With a 42-item Whistle-blowing Procedure Questionnaire was created. In the second phase, in the quantitative phase, six factors connected to the theoretical constructs of decision of reporting wrongdoings/whistle-blowing were explored in the scale construction and validation process by using exploratory factor analysis.


Matrix vesicles are lipid bilayer-enclosed structures that initiate extracellular mineral formation. Little attention has been given to how newly formed mineral interacts with the lipid constituents and then emerges from the lumen. To explore whether specific lipids bind to the incipient mineral and if breakdown of the membrane is involved, we analyzed changes in lipid composition and extractability during vesicle-induced calcification. Isolated matrix vesicles were incubated in synthetic cartilage lymph to induce mineral formation. At various times, samples of the lipids were taken for analysis, extracted both before and after demineralization to remove deposited mineral. Phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol both rapidly disappeared from extracts made before decalcification, indicating rapid degradation. However, extracts made after demineralization revealed that phosphatidylserine had become complexed with newly forming mineral. Concomitantly, its levels actually increased, apparently by base-exchange with phosphatidylethanolamine. Though partially complexed with the mineral, phosphatidylinositol was nevertheless rapidly broken down. Sphingomyelin and phosphatidylethanolamine also underwent rapid breakdown, but phosphatidylcholine was degraded more slowly, all accompanied by a buildup of free fatty acids. The data indicate that phosphatidylserine forms complexes that accompany mineral formation, while degradation of other membrane phospholipids apparently enables egress of crystalline mineral from the vesicle lumen.


Recently, there has been considerable emphasis on the state of decay in the nation's infrastructure because of its importance to society's needs and industrial growth. Water distribution systems are one of the many kinds of infrastructure systems amenable to higher levels of serviceability. Conventional design methods often fail to recognize, analyze, and account for, systematically, the effects of the various uncertainties that prevail in the design and operation of water distribution systems. Because of the existence of design and operation uncertainties, water distribution systems have an associated risk or probability of failure and an associated reliability or probability of not failing. The definition of failure can take on several meanings for a water distribution system, ranging from not meeting required pressure heads to the mechanical failure of a pipe or component. For water distribution systems, there are no universally accepted definitions for risk or reliability. The purpose of this paper is to review methods for risk and reliability evaluation of water distribution systems.


A case of bilateral internal iliac artery aneurysms in association with an infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm is presented. The implications of surgical repair of these lesions are considered, particularly with reference to interruption of pelvic blood flow. Reimplantation of the inferior mesenteric artery is recommended when internal iliac artery flow is compromised during aortic reconstruction.


It is generally accepted that stock market prices tend to move together. However, very little is known about what factors influence the underlying co-movements between two stock markets. This thesis contributes to the literature by presenting a number of studies exploring different sources of stock market dynamic spillovers. The first part of the thesis presents a theoretical framework to link stock market integration with economic activity. Chapter 2 introduces international equity trading in a stochastic general equilibrium model. We explore the role of international portfolio diversification on transmission of shocks as well as the role of supply shocks in generating international stock returns co-movements. The second part of the thesis empirically investigates stock price co-movements using high frequency data sets. Chapter 3 analyses stock price spillovers between the London and New York equity markets. With multivariate GARCH models for intra-day data, we test the "global factors hypothesis" to assess whether equity market linkages are attributable to reactions of traders to information originating from foreign stock price movements. Chapter 4 explores the role of macroeconomic news as a source of international stock market co-movements using one minute frequency data. We use an unrestricted Vector Autoregressive model with the DAX, the Eurostoxx 50 and the FTSE 100 futures' returns to examine the short-term dynamic spillovers between these markets. In addition, the second part of the chapter analyses how macroeconomic releases affect the cross-country stock prices interactions. Chapter 5 describes a study of non-linear dynamics in stock market co-movements. Arbitrage activity motivates the introduction of a discrete regime-switching specification to model the dynamic relationship between the FTSE 100 cash and futures indices. In our model, arbitrageurs only enter the market if deviations from the theoretical non-arbitrage relationship level are sufficiently large to compensate for the transaction costs.


Hepatic failure is often perceived as a unidimensional progression from near normal clinical function (Child's class A) to overt clinical failure (Child's class C). As this view fails to distinguish between patients who are capable of using exogenous protein and those who cannot, it hinders the nutritional support team in determining protein supplementation. This report addresses the physiologic basis for variable findings in hepatic failure and proposes a simple definition of hepatic failure based upon ability to utilize amino acids.


An adaptive model reference parameter identification method without sensors for PMSM is presented in this paper and this method is based on double manifold sliding mode. The real model of PMSM is selected as the reference model and the d/q frame observer which is constructed using current model of the motor is selected as the adjustable model. The manifold sliding mode surface is constructed using the output (current in d/q frame) errors of the two models. Proper parameters are selected to guarantee the stability of the observer. The adjustable model converges to the reference model and the running state of motor can be identified. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed strategy has high static and dynamic performance,high tracking precision as well as stronger robustness.


Morphological examination of 452 Fallopian tubes removed together with the uterus for uterine cervix cancer revealed in 221 patients at the time of operation and in 5 dead on autopsy, metastatic cancer in 8 females (3.5%) in 12 tubes (right-side involvement 2 cases, left-side 2 cases, ambi-lateral 4 instances). In 37 patients there were metastases in inner organs; of these diseased 21.6% were affected by metastatic cancer of the Fallopian tube. Macroscopically, metastatic tumors were of different form in 4 cases; in the remaining instances they were only discovered on microscopical examination. In two cases the tubes were affected in their whole length, in the other case the tumor was located in the ampullary portion. The cyto- and histological structures of the metastatic cancer were the same as those of the primary uterine cervix tumor. The predominating route of tumor dissemination has proved to be lymphogenic propagation (5 cases). In two cases lymphohematogenic dissemination, in one case propagation by implantation were observed.


Quantifying the accuracy and variance of hand localization without vision is integral to understand the reliability of the proprioceptive system. Psychophysical methods primarily compare the endpoint position of a passively moved limb to a stationary visual reference (e.g., Sadler & Cressman, 2019). The purpose of the current study was to understand the ability to localize one's stationary, rather than passively moved, limb without vision using psychophysical methods. Participants placed their unseen limb under a half-silvered mirror with their index and ring finger atop of tactors. One finger was stimulated and then a visual mask was presented followed by a briefly flashed comparison dot. Participants then dictated whether the comparison dot was left or right of their stimulated finger position. An adaptive staircase procedure used the participant's response to determine the position of the comparison dot on the next trial. The initial comparison position was either fixed (task 1) or based on the participant's initial perceived finger positions (tasks 2 and 3). Additionally, a proprioceptive cue presented every 5 trials had participants lift their arm, clinch their fist and isometrically flex their wrist and elbow flexors/extensors (task 3; Wann & Ibrahim, 1992). In all three tasks, the perception of participants' finger position drifted in the magnitude of ~3cm, resulting in unreliable psychophysical estimates of perceptual accuracy and variability. The results suggest that when isolating somatosensory cues and not allowing for any visual recalibration, researchers must be aware of and account for large perceptual drifts in one's stationary limb position.Acknowledgments: University of Toronto, Ontario Research Fund, Canadian Foundation for Innovation, National Sciences and Engineering Council


We use a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with two afocal systems to generate the interference between an image and a diffracted copy of a test beam. The interference data is inserted in an iterative algorithm for phase retrieval. We carry out a numerical study of the performance of this wavefront reconstruction technique with simulated data and we present also experimental results obtained using several lenses as test objects.


A main advantage of thermistors for temperature measurement is their extremely high sensitivity. For example, a 2252 Ω thermistor has a sensitivity of -100 Ω/°C at room temperature. Higher resistance thermistors can exhibit temperature coefficients of -10 kΩ/°C or more. In comparison, a 100 Ω platinum RTD has a sensitivity of only 0.4 Ω/°C. The physically small size of the thermistor bead also yields a very fast response to temperature changes.


BACKGROUND
Hyperphosphatemia is commonly found in dialysis patients, which can lead to fatal cardiovascular diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of extended-release nicotinic acid for reducing serum phosphorus in hemodialysis patients.

METHODS
A randomized placebo-controlled trial was conducted, and 28 hemodialysis patients with hyperphosphatemia after 4 weeks of diet control were randomized to receive extended-release nicotinic acid (treatment group) once daily for 12 weeks. The initial daily dose was 375 mg, which was then titrated once weekly to 500, 750 and 1,000 mg, as tolerated. The control group received placebo. All patients in each group still received their phosphate-binding medication as standard treatment.

RESULTS
At the 12th week, mean serum phosphorus of the treatment group significantly decreased from 7.13 ± 1.09 mg/dL to 5.65 ± 1.22 mg/dL (p<0.001). However, there was no statistically significant difference between the control and treatment groups. Nine out of the 14 patients (64.29%) in the treatment group achieved the K/DOQI serum phosphorus goal. Serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol of patients in the treatment group increased by 30.22% from baseline (p=0.037). There were no significant changes in serum calcium or parathyroid hormone level in any of the patients. Hot flushes were observed in all patients of the treatment group. There were no significant changes in the fasting blood glucose level, uric acid or liver function enzymes in any of the patients.

CONCLUSIONS
Extended-release nicotinic acid is effective and safe in reducing serum phosphorus as an add-on standard therapy in hemodialysis patients.


The present study has used a microradioimmunoassay to detect carcinoembryonic antigen(s) (CEA) in whole and extracted serum in 77 patients with ulcerative colitis, two of whom had coexisting colonic carcinoma, and 69 patients with carcinoma of the colon or rectum. Taking 5 ng/ml as the level of positivity, the CEA assay on whole serum showed positive results in patients with `active' ulcerative colitis (15 of 17) but not in those with `inactive' disease (0 of 23). In two patients, levels fell during drug-induced remission. Our results also indicated that a positive result for CEA on extracted serum was associated with carcinomatous changes in ulcerative colitis in contrast to uncomplicated ulcerative colitis in which positive results were obtained only with whole serum.


In this paper a hybrid technique of Genetic Algorithm and Simulated Annealing (HGASA) is applied for Fractal Image Compression (FIC). With the help of this hybrid evolutionary algorithm effort is made to reduce the search complexity of matching between range block and domain block. The concept of Simulated Annealing (SA) is incorporated into Genetic Algorithm (GA) in order to avoid pre-mature convergence of the strings. One of the image compression techniques in the spatial domain is Fractal Image Compression but the main drawback of FIC is that it involves more computational time due to global search. In order to improve the computational time along with acceptable quality of the decoded image, HGASA technique has been proposed. Experimental results show that the proposed HGASA is a better method than GA in terms of PSNR for Fractal image Compression. Keywords—Fractal Image Compression, Genetic Algorithm, HGASA, Simulated Annealing.


ABSTRACT Industry experience and home advantage can have a varying influence on entrepreneurial competitiveness, depending on the regional context. We use matched employer–employee data from Statistics Sweden to analyse new firm formation in rural, urban and metropolitan regions. The results suggest that industry experience has a positive effect on firm survival, while firm growth is more influenced by home advantage. Interestingly, a positive home advantage only exists in rural regions, where native entrepreneurs create significantly more jobs than non-locals.


practice, I have never before or since seen any kind of reaction to lignocaine, localised or generalised. But then, I have never since used topical Xylocaine!! Recent correspondence [ 1,2] has drawn attention to the same problem in both cats and a human being, in association with a new formulation of 'Xylocaine' spray. It would appear that the propellant may be the problem and that Sidhu et al. should stress the use of 'simple' 4% lignocaine. The letter from Russell and Hirsch describes a technique of double laryngoscopy. Again many years ago, I was anaesthetising a patient for major vascular surgery. I predicted difficulty with laryngoscopy at my pre-operative visit and teed-up a respiratory consultant colleague who, in those days, had sole user rights to the hospital's one flexible bronchoscope. As predicted, my direct laryngoscopy and attempts at blind nasal intubation failed dismally. My colleague moved in with fibreoptic bronchoscope and also failed dismally. I tried with it and failed. At that point, and with heavy heart, I sought help and inspiration from an academic friend and colleague. Happily for my doer ego, his laryngoscopic skills were no better than mine, nor this attempts with the fibrescope! Unhappily for my doer ego, his academic inspiration came to the rescue. He suggested we do simultaneous direct and nasal fibreoptic laryngoscopies and then guide the fibreoptic scope in the general direction of the larynx using Magill intubating forceps. It worked a charm and the patient's trachea was subsequently and easily intubated. That experience has remained sharply in my memory ever since, though I have never, fortunately had to have recourse to it. I thank Russell and Hirsch for reminding us all of a very useful fallback manoeuvre.


Abstract Taxonomic and ecological knowledge of plant species complexes informs their conservation status. Poorly delimited species boundaries can lead to incorrect assessments of biodiversity, and a rare species might have its distribution range overestimated if considering other closely related taxa as the same one. The present study investigates the level of morphometric variation within the Abarema cochliacarpos complex throughout its entire distribution range in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Caatinga vegetation, and considers the drivers of this variation. A morphometric study using cluster, PERMANOVA, and NMDS analyses was conducted. We analyzed patterns of trait variation among and within populations, and their relationship with environmental factors along with their geographical gradient. From the four morphotypes previously cited for the complex, the analyses delimited three morphological groups. Their morphological characteristics differed in response to environmental drivers. We identified morphological characters that differentiated the groups within the complex. The development of conservation strategies and actions to fully protect a species complex requires the understanding of the morphological variation within the complex. In the Abarema cochliacarpos complex different threats and challenges are associated with the conservation of each morphotype. We highlight the importance of conserving the various morphotypes of a species complex which has a large distribution range as evolutionary significant units, something that is frequently neglected in the published literature.


In this paper, we study remote state preparation (RSP) by w state through noisy channels. The trace distance is used to describe how close the original state is to the output state. Studies show the trace distance is a function of decohenrence rates and angles of the state to be prepared. At the same time, we investigate the influence of different types of noises on the trace distance and find the various types of noises have different degrees of influence on the trace distance for a definite qubit. We also study changes of the trace distance against polar and azimuthal angles.


Building on this dialectical relationship between mobility and materiality, and drawing on our collaborations with foreign domestic workers (FDWs) and migrant constructions workers (MCWs) in Singapore in cocreating communication infrastructures, we theorize resistance as mobilities in Asia. Technologies of mediation, as markers of mobility in Asian neoliberal marketing campaigns and academic celebrations of the Asian century, strategically erase the possibilities for labor organizing and collective bargaining through which migrant workers in precarious jobs can secure access to fundamental economic rights and basic working conditions. Paradoxically, then, drawing upon our ethnographic collaborations with FDWs and MCWs in Singapore, we attend to the interplays of the symbolic and the material that are reproduced through artifacts of mobility or immobility, offering Asian resistance as a mobile trope.


Existing models for cross-domain named entity recognition (NER) rely on numerous unlabeled corpus or labeled NER training data in target domains. However, collecting data for low-resource target domains is not only expensive but also time-consuming. Hence, we propose a cross-domain NER model that does not use any external resources. We first introduce a Multi-Task Learning (MTL) by adding a new objective function to detect whether tokens are named entities or not. We then introduce a framework called Mixture of Entity Experts (MoEE) to improve the robustness for zero-resource domain adaptation. Finally, experimental results show that our model outperforms strong unsupervised cross-domain sequence labeling models, and the performance of our model is close to that of the state-of-the-art model which leverages extensive resources.


Background and Hypothesis:
With medical school curriculum changes, students have to reassess how they approach their studies. This study evaluates how medical students planned to study gross anatomy before and after the 2016 Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM) curriculum change. Student study plans are hypothesized to be different before and after the curriculum change.
Methods:
First-year medical students from 2015-2017 were given a survey prior to their gross anatomy course. The survey integrated 37 Likert scale questions about resources the students might use, study strategies, demographics, prior anatomy and/or physiology courses, etc. T-tests were run between the curriculum and student grades as well as seven categories that grouped related questions from the survey.  Comparisons were also made between the upper and lower thirds of the class.
Results:
The final course and NMBE percentages were found to be significantly different between curricula (p<0.0001/p<0.0001). Differences in planned usage of text-based, lab-based, and web-based resources were also significant (p<0.0001/p=0.002/p=0.007). Analyses additionally found that students in the upper third of all classes were more likely to have a prior anatomy and physiology course (p=0.031).
Conclusion and Potential Impact:
Student study plans for anatomy have changed with the revision of the curriculum.  Current students are planning to use outside resources (e.g., textbooks, websites) more than previous cohorts in the traditional curriculum.  In addition, students with prior knowledge of anatomy and physiology may have an advantage in understanding medical anatomy.  These findings have implications for the long-term retention of this material and subsequent student outcomes.


Perfect foresight hydroeconomic optimization models are tools to evaluate impacts of water infrastructure investments and policies considering complex system interlinkages. However, when assuming perfect foresight, optimal management decisions are found assuming perfect knowledge of climate and runoff, which might bias the economic evaluation of investments and policies. We investigate the impacts of assuming perfect foresight by using Model Predictive Control (MPC) as an alternative. We apply MPC in WHAT-IF, a hydroeconomic optimization model, for two study cases: a synthetic setup inspired by the Nile River, and a large-scale investment problem on the Zambezi River Basin considering the water–energy–food nexus. We validate the MPC framework against Stochastic Dynamic Programming and observe more realistic modeled reservoir operation compared to perfect foresight, especially regarding anticipation of spills and droughts. We find that the impact of perfect foresight on total system benefits remains small (<2%). However, when evaluating investments and policies using with-without analysis, perfect foresight is found to overestimate or underestimate values of investments by more than 20% in some scenarios. As the importance of different effects varies between scenarios, it is difficult to find general, case-independent guidelines predicting whether perfect foresight is a reasonable assumption. However, we find that the uncertainty linked to climate change in our study cases has more significant impacts than the assumption of perfect foresight. Hence, we recommend MPC to perform the economic evaluation of investments and policies, however, under high uncertainty of future climate, increased computational costs of MPC must be traded off against computational costs of exhaustive scenario exploration.


Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion exhibits a biphasic pattern. The mechanism underling biphasic insulin secretion is not fully understood, but consensus exists that an elevation in [Ca2+]i is required for both first- and second-phase insulin secretion. The molecular identity of the pancreatic β-cell L-type Ca2+ channel has not been established and it has variably been reported to be CaV1.2 (α1C) or CaV1.3 (α1D). Though the cellular background to the two phases of release remains unknown, it has been suggested to reflect the sequential release of distinct pools of granules, which vary with regard to release competence. This thesis investigated the role of different ion channels in insulin secretion. β-cell-selective ablation of the CaV1.2 gene(βCaV1.2-/- mouse) decreased the whole-cell Ca2+ current by only ~45%, but almost abolished first-phase insulin secretion and resulted in systemic glucose intolerance. High-resolution capacitance measurements of exocytosis in single β-cells revealed that the loss of first-phase insulin secretion in the βCaV1.2-/- mouse was associated with the disappearance of a rapid component of exocytosis reflecting fusion of secretory granules physically attached to the CaV1.2 channel. A 20% reduction in glucose-evoked insulin secretion was observed in CaV2.3-knockout (CaV2.3–/–) islets, close to the 17% inhibition by the R-type blocker SNX482. Genetic or pharmacological CaV2.3 ablation strongly suppressed second-phase secretion in vitro, as well as in vivo, whereas first-phase secretion was unaffected. Suppression of the second phase coincided with an 18% reduction in oscillatory Ca2+ signaling and a 25% reduction in granule recruitment after completion of the initial exocytotic burst in single CaV2.3–/– β-cells. Intracellular ClC-3 chloride channels have been implicated in the process of making insulin granules release-competent, a process referred to as priming. Analysis of insulin secretion in vivo and in vitro as well as capacitance measurements revealed that the secretory response of ClC-3 deficient β-cells was reduced, but not abolished. The presence of ClC-3 in insulin granules was detected in a high-purification fraction of LDCVs obtained by phogrin-GFP labelling. In conclusion: (1) CaV1.2 Ca2+ channels are required for first-phase insulin release and maintenance of systemic glucose tolerance. (2) CaV2.3 Ca2+ channels play an important role in second-phase insulin release. (3) ClC-3 chloride channels facilitate insulin secretion by enhancing properly acidification of insulin granules needed for granule priming. (Less)


According to the data of literature intermuscular lipomas are observed in children, but rarely. The diagnosis of intermuscular lipomas presents certain difficulties since these tumors are frequently taken for sarcomas. Biopsy seems to be an important diagnostic method. From 1967 to 1972 the authors observed intermuscular lipomas in 3 children. One case report of a large intermuscular lipoma of the femur in a 2 year-old child is described. Surgery is considered to be the principal method of treatment for intermuscular lipomas. Recurrent intermuscular lipomas should be regarded as a warning against liposarcoma.


BACKGROUND Facial cosmetic procedures become popular for people with a desire to have a younger appearance, and cosmetic technology has developed rapidly over the past several decades. However, increasing complications related to cosmetic injections have been reported, and infection is one of the most serious problems and can cause anxiety and facial injury. We here report a case of Majocchi's granuloma (MG) caused by Trichophyton rubrum after facial injection of hyaluronic acid. CASE SUMMARY A 37-year-old woman presented to our hospital with a history of red papules, nodules, and abscesses on her left zygomatic arch for 2 mo. She had received a cosmetic injection of hyaluronic acid on the left side of her face prior to the appearance of the lesions. MG caused by Trichophyton rubrum after facial injection of hyaluronic acid was diagnosed based on morphology and molecular biological identification. In vitro antifungal susceptibility testing was conducted according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute M38-A2 method. Minimal inhibitory concentrations were used to evaluate the antifungal susceptibility. The antifungal agents and their minimal inhibitory concentrations for the strain were terbinafine (< 0.5 μg/mL), itraconazole (0.06 μg/mL), amphotericin B (0.25 μg/mL), fluconazole (32 μg/mL), voriconazole (0.125 μg/mL), posaconazole (0.125 μg/mL), and isavuconazole (0.06 μg/mL). We initially administered 250 mg/d oral terbinafine for 2 mo, but the patient still had painful papules, nodules and abscesses on her face. Then, we adjusted the treatment to itraconazole 400 mg/d for 8 wk based on the in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing results. The skin lesions improved significantly, and there was no recurrence during follow-up. CONCLUSION This case revealed that facial injection of hyaluronic acid may cause serious MG. Antifungal susceptibility testing should be considered in the treatment of MG caused by Trichophyton rubrum.


A dynamic model of multiple interactions of n-elements of a complex mobile communication system is developed, which takes into account the nature of inter-element communications and phase states of the grouping of electronic devices. The model describes the electromagnetic environment of the grouping of electronic equipment in the state space during group use of a frequency resource. The simulation of the dynamics of interaction and phase states of the grouping of electronic equipment is done with the group use of the frequency resource. It is shown that at sufficiently large values of the growth coefficient of the number of electronic devices, both a sharp increase in the level of interaction intensity and a sharp decrease characteristic of those situations that occur in mobile communication systems during the busy hours in places of high density of mobile users can occur. The analysis of the dynamics of the grouping of radio-electronic means of a mobile communication system at different intensities of linear and non-linear multiple interactions, the combined nature of which is displayed by the normalized value of the signal/(jam+noise) ratio, is carried out. The dynamics of non-equilibrium states of the groups of 2 mobile networks at various values of the intensity of interactions is considered. It is established that the non-equilibrium state of the mobile communication system occurs when the total level of the group influence of the emitting devices on the receiving devices increases with a normalized value of the interaction intensity of more than 1.4. The conditions are identified under which the grouping of radio-electronic means of a mobile communication system can function without deterioration of quality indicators, characterized by the total level of group influence of radiating devices on receiving devices, under conditions of optimal frequency resource distribution. It is shown how, using the non-linear Volterra system, which simulates the dynamics of the interactions of a grouping of electronic equipment, it is possible to analyze its state in the future. This model allows to analyze the grouping of electronic equipment with various specific parameters of individual types of electronic equipment, the nature and intensity of their interaction in the group with the current distribution of resources


The work presented within this thesis can be separated into two distinct parts. The first investigates the direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide from molecular hydrogen and oxygen using gold-palladium supported catalysts and caesium exchanged tungstophosphoric acid as an acidic additive. The direct synthesis of H2O2 presents an environmentally friendly alternative to the current industrial, anthraquinone process. However for the direct route to be viable a variety of issues must be addressed. Primarily catalytic selectivity towards H2O2 is a major concern for the majority of catalysts active for H2O2 synthesis, with the degradation of H2O2 through hydrogenation or decomposition reported for a number of catalysts within the literature.
The use of acid either during catalyst preparation or as part of the reaction solution has previously been shown to improve selectivity towards H2O2. Furthermore acidic supports, including heteropolyacid, have been observed to produce catalysts with greater selectivity than those with a higher isoelectric point and in turn provide higher yields of H2O2. This work investigates the ability of caesium exchanged heteropolyacids to improve catalytic activity towards H2O2 when used in addition to Au-Pd supported catalysts, in particular 2.5 wt. % Au - 2.5 wt. Pd/TiO2.
The second part of this work is concerned with the ammoximation of cyclohexanone to cyclohexanone oxime via the in-situ formation of H2O2, in a one-pot style process. The conditions associated with ammoximation of cyclohexanone that is the presence of elevated temperatures and basic conditions, are considered extremely harsh for H2O2 stability. The in-situ generation of H2O2 during the ammoximation of cyclohexanone to cyclohexanone oxime would yield significant reductions in overall costs of the ammoximation reaction. Primarily these costs are associated with the purchasing, transport, storage and dilution of H2O2. This work determines the feasibility of a one-pot ammoximation process via in-situ H2O2 formation. Firstly, reaction conditions are established for this process and following this the role of catalyst design in improving selectivity towards cyclohexanone oxime as well as cyclohexanone conversion for this reaction is studied.


We consider a hierarchy of hyperbolic models describing single- component two-phase flows in pipelines, with applications to CO2 capture and storage. The hierarchy is characterized by the number of equilibrium assumptions made. We present a formal proof that every additional level of enforced equilibrium lowers the propagation velocity of pressure waves. This subcharacteristic condition holds for arbitrary thermodynamic state equations. We present numerical examples relevant for CO2 transport, and argue the importance for pipeline integrity simulations.


Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling is initialized by the release of Ca from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in response to a sudden increase in local cytosolic [Ca] ([Ca]i) within the junctional cleft. We have tested the hypothesis that functional ryanodine receptor (RyR) regulation plays a major role in the regulation of myocyte Ca. A mathematical model with unique characteristics was used to simulate Ca homeostasis. Specifically, the model was designed to accurately represent the SR [Ca]-dependence of release from a variety of experimentally produced data sets. The simulated data for altered RyR Ca sensitivity demonstrated a regulatory feedback loop that resulted in the same release at lower [Ca]SR. This suggests that the primary role of myocyte RyR regulation may be to decrease SR [Ca] without decreasing the size of the [Ca]i transient. The model results suggest that this action moderates the increased SR [Ca] observed with adrenergic stimulation and may keep the [Ca]SR below the threshold for delayed afterdepolarizations and arrhythmia. However, increased Ca affinity of the RyR increased the probability of delayed afterdepolarizations when heart failure was simulated. We conclude that RyR regulation may play a role in preventing arrhythmias in healthy myocytes but that the same regulation may have the opposite effect in chronic heart failure.


Background: Nosocomial infections are an important cause of mortality in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Therefore, in this study, the incidence and prevalence of nosocomial infections were determined in NICUs of a tertiary care hospital in Kashmir, and the causative bacteria were identified in order to provide potential solutions to control the infections in these hospitals. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive-prospective study in which the cases of nosocomial infections were examined in Nicu of our hospital, which is a tertiary care Pediatric hospital, during 1 year (from June 2013 until May 2014) based on clinical findings, medical and nursing reports of patients, and laboratory results. Results: Of the 3100 patients hospitalized in NICUs of our hospitals, 302 patients were diagnosed with nosocomial infections. The incidence rate of nosocomial infections was 9.74% with 52.4% bacteremia, 32.69% pneumonia, 5.77% urinary tract infections, 5.29% wound infections, and 3.85% necrotizing enterocolitis. There was a statistically significant relationship between invasive procedures (such as umbilical catheters, central venous catheters, surgery, and TPN) and sepsis (P = 0.001). The relationships between urinary tract infection and urinary catheter (P = 0.000), and aggressive procedures (such as suctioning and intubation) and pneumonia (P = 0.001) were also statistically significant. Conclusion: Incidence of nosocomial infections in premature and low birth weight newborns is considered as a health threat. The findings of this research reiterate the importance of giving further attention to prevention and control of nosocomial infections in the NICU.


Environmental persistence of zoonotic pathogens is a key trait that influences the probability of zoonotic spillover. Pathogen survival outside of the host determines the window available for contact with the new recipient host species and the dose of pathogen available to that host. The longer a pathogen survives in the environment, the more disconnected the reservoir and recipient hosts can be in space and time, and the more likely that an infective dose will be available to recipient hosts. Therefore, environmental persistence is a key parameter for mechanistic models needed to predict pathogen spillover. Avian influenza can be transmitted from wildlife to poultry and people in part due to its ability to persist in the environment. Considerable work has been done to quantify trends in avian influenza persistence across environmental conditions, often published in separate studies with separate datasets. In this paper, we quantify the trends and variability of avian influenza viral persistence across environmental conditions by collating disjoint experimental data on viral particle persistence in water across many studies and a range of environmental conditions. The collated data represent 120 estimates from three different studies of the decay rates of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 (90 estimates from Asia and 30 from Europe) in response to temperature, pH, and salinity. We analyzed these data with a Bayesian model to control for biases with random effects and used experimental replicates and R2 estimates of the publication's regression procedures as statistical weights. We found temperature significantly decreases persistence of H5N1 virus in water, and this effect is stronger than that of salinity alone. Salinity interacts with temperature and probably drives the most contrasting persistence scenarios between cold-saline and warm-saline water bodies, where highest and lowest persistence times could occur respectively. Our work provides needed parameters for models that examine the risk of spillover of avian influenza viruses.


ABSTRACT Glaciolacustrine rhythmites are being deposited in proglacial Malaspina Lake, Alaska. Fathometer profiles of the lake bottom depict irregular subglacial topography little modified by lacustrine sedimentation and areas of flat fleatureless topography that are underlain by sequences of graded lacustrine sediments. Turbidity currents were recorded along the ice-contact margin of the lake and adjacent to inflowing streams. Cores taken from the lake bottom contain rhythmites whose sandy and silty portions consist of normal and reverse graded laminae. The distribution of sand and silt on the lake bottom indicates that sand and silt content of the rhythmites decreases away from known sediment sources--the streams and the areas where turbidity currents and interflows were observed near the margin of the Malaspina Glacier. The lake bottom topography, the presence of turbidity currents, rhythmites with current-bedded sands and silts, and the sediment distribution on the lake bottom all suggest that the coarse fraction of rhythmites is deposited from turbidity currents. The clay fraction on the other hand is deposited from suspension when the turbidity currents cease. Examination of Fathometer profiles indicates that mass movement of lake bottom sediments is common resulting from the collapse of lake sediments over melting ice. Ice taken from the lake bottom in two cores also suggests that parts of Malaspina Lake are still underlain by glacial ice.