Preface Chapter 1. Source and Project Control The Source File Modification Cycle Introduction to Source Control The Goals of Source Control The Development Process Introduction to Project Control The Goals of Project Control Introduction to TCCS TCCS in Later Chapters Chapter 2. The Basics of Source Control Putting Files Under Source Control Some Conventions Source Control Using Archive Files Chapter 3. Basic Source Control Using RCS Background Conventions Basic RCS Commands Summary Chapter 4. Basic Source Control Using SCCS Background Conventions Basic SCCS Commands Summary Chapter 5. Extending Source Control to Multiple Releases Adding Releases to a Development Process The Structure of Archive Files Changing Branches in Parallel Classifying Revision Numbers Beyond RCS and SCCS: Working with Views Beyond RCS and SCCS: & Applying Multiple Branches Chapter 6. Applying RCS to Multiple Releases RCS Revision Trees Operations Between Tree Branches Chapter 7. Applying SCCS to Multiple Releases SCCS Revision Trees Operations Between Tree Branches Chapter 8. Managing the Mechanics of Releases Applying Revision Numbers Marking Revisions Identifying Revisions Removing Unneeded Source File Revisions Chapter 9. Release Mechanics in RCS Applying Revision Trees: Single-Branch & Development More on Revision Characteristics Specifying Revisions to RCS Commands Marking Revisions Outdating Revisions Identification Keywords Getting Information on Archive Files Chapter 10. Release Mechanics in SCCS Applying Revision Trees: Single-Branch & Development Revision and Archive File Characteristics Determining the Ancestry of a Working File Virtual Snapshots in SCCS Outdating Revisions Identification Keywords Getting Information on Archive Files Validating Archive Files Chapter 11. Extending Source Control to Multiple Developers Controlling Access to Files Controlling File Access Under Source Control Coordinating Multiple Streams & of Development Chapter 12. Applying RCS to Multiple Developers File Protection in RCS Access Lists in RCS Controlling Locks Recording Who's Using a File Chapter 13. Applying SCCS to Multiple Developers Installing SCCS as Setuid Access Lists in SCCS Controlling Changes to an Archive File Chapter 14. Creating Front-Ends for RCS or SCCS Installing and Interfacing to a Front-End What Front-Ends Are Good For Applying setuid to Front-Ends Chapter 15. Going Further with Source Control Raw RCS/SCCS Simple Front-Ends Layering on Top of RCS/SCCS Independent Products Chapter 16. Moving from Source Control to Project Control Roles in the Development Process Supporting the Developer's Roles How Projects Support Development Jobs Project Etiquette Chapter 17. Contents of a Project Going Beyond the Sources The Project as a Whole The Project Root The Checkpoint Tree The Build Tree The Work Area Toolsets Chapter 18. Administering a Project Defining a Project Root with mkroot Creating Checkpoints Controlling Access to Checkpoints Controlling Checkpoint Population Defining a Toolset Naming a Platform Description Defining a Build Tree Deleting and Pruning TCCS Trees Chapter 19. Makefile Support for Projects The Structured Use of make Approaches to Building Software Choosing a make (None Are Perfect) Creating the Internal make Support for wamake Guidelines for Makefile Creation Summary Chapter 20. Using Work Areas Extending the Example Working on a Project: Preliminaries Using a Work Area--Getting Started Naming a Work Area Creating a Source-Only Work Area Using Work Areas--More Examples Sharing a Work Area Adding a Build Tree to Your Work Area Removing and Cleaning Up Work Areas Release Engineer\(enOnly Commands Chapter 21. Extensions for Cross-Development An Example of Multi-Platform Software Target-Specific Files Managing Your Defines Multiple Target Platforms Under TCCS Multiple Platform Descriptions & in a Single Project Chapter 22. Structuring the Build Process Where Should make Run? Dividing the Build into Phases More on Using install and share Chapter 23. Existing Layers on RCS and SCCS sccs--The BSD Front-End VC--An Emacs Front-End to RCS and SCCS UBE--UTek Build Environment SPMS--Software Project Management System PTOOLS--Using SCCS Modification Requests Aegis--Development with Constant Testing CCSLAND--Configuration Control & System Land ODE and the btools--Distributed, Nested Build System CVS--Concurrent Version System MK--A Configuration Management Concept Boxes, Links, and Parallel Trees Summary Appendix A. RCS Quick Reference Command-Line Conventions Key Operations Appendix B. SCCS Quick Reference Command-Line Conventions Key Operations Appendix C. RCS and SCCS Compared Revision Storage in Archive Files Support for Marking Revisions Support for Archive File Branches Check-in Validation Keyword Handling Command-Line Conventions Support for Changing Your Mind Support for Non-UNIX Environments Appendix D. RCS Details in Depth Choosing Comment Leader Strings Using Different RCS Versions Another Look at How co and ci & Choose Revisions Appendix E. SCCS Details in Depth More on Identification Keywords More on prs Data Specifiers Another Look at How get Chooses Revisions Appendix F. RCS/SCCS Internals RCS Internals SCCS Internals Appendix G. Changes in RCS Version 5.7 New or Changed Features New or Changed Command Options Appendix H. References Index


Uggla, Fredrika (2015). Looking for a Greener Pasture: Exploring the Narratives of Gambian Clandestine Migrants. Human Geography, advanced level, master thesis for master exam in Human Geography, 30 ECTS credits. Supervisors: Karen Haandrikman and Natasha Webster.Language: English.Clandestine migration from Sub-Saharan Africa to Europe is an increasing trend. In The Gambia, which is a relatively calm and stable country, young men dream about life in Europe and risk their lives in The Sahara with Europe as goal. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the expectations about life in Europe, and also, why it is mainly young men who become clandestine migrants. The research questions are: 1) how are narratives about clandestine migration and Europe constructed among young men in The Gambia? 2) What ideas about Europe are produced and reproduced in these narratives? And 3) Why is it, in the Gambian context, mainly young men who become clandestine migrants? Fieldwork and interviews was carried out in The Gambia. The study takes a narrative approach that acknowledges agency as well as structure. This is important because it shows how the narratives builds on discursive practice, and are connected to a broader social context. Thus, this study gives voice to the clandestine and highlights individual experiences. The analysis draws on discourse analysis, in combination with postcolonial and gender theory, and shows how clandestine migration is the result of primarily two discursive practices. First the ideas about Europe and The Gambia, represented as binary oppositions building on colonial stories about place, and second the local, gendered idea of 'a successful son'.


In the first book-length book on the subject in over a quarter century, George C. Thomas III advances an integrated theory of double jeopardy law, a theory anchored in historical, doctrinal, and philosophical method. Despite popular belief, double jeopardy has never been a limitation on the legislature. It functions instead to keep prosecutors and judges from imposing more than one criminal judgment for the same offense. Determining when seemingly different offenses constitute the "same offense" is no easy task. Nor is it always easy to determine when a defendant has suffered more than one criminal judgment. Tracing American double jeopardy doctrine back to twelfth century English law, the book develops a jurisprudential account of double jeopardy that recognizes the central role of the legislature in creating criminal law blameworthiness.


Body waveform modeling is used to determine the source parameters of two earthquakes that occurred along the northern San Jacinto fault system in 1918 and 1923. The 1918 earthquake parameters are consistent with a 20- to 25-km rupture along the Claremont fault at a depth of 7 ± 5 km. Limited data for the 1923 event are more consistent with rupture on the San Jacinto fault than rupture along the San Andreas fault or a buried cross fault, although the greatest damage associated with the earthquake occurred closer to the San Andreas fault. Using the results of this study and previous studies of historic earthquakes along the southern San Jacinto fault, the relationships between rupture length and magnitude, focal depth and heat flow, and other parameters are examined in an effort to estimate the source properties of future events that are expected along currently quiescent portions of the fault zone. One important observation is that rupture lengths along the San Jacinto fault are shorter for an equivalent moment magnitude than those along the Imperial Valley-Mexicali fault system. The higher heat flow of the Imperial Valley region may be responsible for this difference.


The South African road network has an asset value of some three trillion Rand, and as such road administration is 'big business'. Because roads play such a major role in a country's social and economic development, generally rated second only to education in this respect, this state of affairs involving inadequate administration of the network should not be allowed to continue. World Bank and other publications have shown that there is massive wastage in road expenditures and that poor roads significantly increase road user costs with a deleterious effect on the economy.


This study assessed the feasibility and potential effectiveness of using audiovisual presentations in the waiting rooms of busy South African primary health care clinics, to educate patients about STD prevention and treatment. A 24-minute episode of South Africa's popular soap opera, Soul City was played continuously during three consecutive days in the clinic waiting areas. The storyline of the episode chosen was intended to convey key health messages regarding the prevention and treatment of STDs. The research was conducted at four primary health care clinics serving large, poor peri-urban townships in South Africa. Observations of patient behaviour were made, and a random selection of patients were interviewed on exit. A focus-group discussion was held with all of the clinic staff at each clinic site, to assess staff atti tudes towards the use of such audiovisual presentations as part of their future routine duties. The mean proportion of patients who were observed watching the video at any one time varied from 34 to 64 per cent at all four clinics. Based on exit inter views, the presentation was seen by 88.2 per cent of patients attending all four clinics, and its STD content was recognised by 91.5 per cent of those who had seen it. Over 90 per cent of patients found the presentation helpful and interesting. Clinic staff described the use of video-mediated education as a solution to the problem of inad equate health education, and there was unanimous support for it. In future, it will be important to evaluate whether such audiovisual presentations can be effective in improving patients' knowledge and attitudes, and changing their behaviour, without compromising important interactions between clinicians and patients.


Position sense awareness of the shoulder was determined for 9 males and 9 females before and after performing repetitive low-level arm activity to fatigue. The activity consisted of continuous horizontal internal and external rotations. Position sense awareness tests were performed with subjects blindfolded and seated with the arm in a motorized rig. The subjects were asked to actively reproduce test positions of 10°, 25°, 55° and 70° randomly assigned, while starting at 40° (relative to the sagittal plane). The tests were conducted immediately before and after the fatiguing activity. An ANOVA revealed that the absolute error, measured as test position minus reproduced position, was significantly increased following fatigue for the subjects as a group (p<0.001 ). Furthermore, females had overall higher error than males (p<0.05). The results indicate that repetitive low-level activity to fatigue leads to proprioceptive deficits. These deficits can create a non-optimized motor control, causing an increase in the co-activation of agonist and antagonist muscles and thus increasing the work-load. This could create an unfavorable cycle of events, which would further impact proprioception and thereby enhance the risks for muscle pain and injury. The higher incidence of injuries for female athletes compared to males may be attributed to gender differences in proprioception.


Adversarial examples that fool machine learning models, particularly deep neural networks, have been a topic of intense research interest, with attacks and defenses being developed in a tight back-and-forth. Most past defenses are best effort and have been shown to be vulnerable to sophisticated attacks. Recently a set of certified defenses have been introduced, which provide guarantees of robustness to norm-bounded attacks. However these defenses either do not scale to large datasets or are limited in the types of models they can support. This paper presents the first certified defense that both scales to large networks and datasets (such as Google's Inception network for ImageNet) and applies broadly to arbitrary model types. Our defense, called PixelDP, is based on a novel connection between robustness against adversarial examples and differential privacy, a cryptographically-inspired privacy formalism, that provides a rigorous, generic, and flexible foundation for defense.


Computers and Internet have evolved into necessary tools for our professional, personal and social lives. As a result of growing dependence, the availability of these systems has become a concern. This concern increases exponentially when considering systems such as smart power grids and public utility services. Therefore, research should be conducted to develop effective ways of detecting system anomalies. Denial of Service attacks are an important problem for the communication systems. Researchers proposed many DDoS detection approaches. In this study, we propose a novel DDoS detection approach: Cusum - Entropy. Our approach performs additional signal processing on the entropy of the packet header field to improve detection efficiency. We tested our approach using operational network traffic and performing DDoS attacks without jeopardizing the operation network. Our results showed that our approach gives high detection and low false positive rates and outperforms the detection approach using the entropy of packet header field.


Lattice basis reduction is a concept for solving diverse problems. Lattice basis reduction algorithms have been successfully used in many areas, including practical applications such as cryptography, GPS navigation and wireless communications.
In this master's thesis we have used lattice basis reduction algorithms to solve the problem of designing optimal linear phase finite impulse response filters (FIR filters) with finite wordlength coefficients. The problem was first formulated as the problem of minimax polynomial approximation where the function we try to approximate is represented by the desired frequency response of the filter. The quality of the approximation is measured by minimum of the maximum absolute error or deviation from the desired frequency response. We have used Babai's nearest plane algorithm in the filter design. Babai's algorithm solves the closest vector problem and it uses the basis reduced by the LLL algorithm as an input. Both LLL and Babai's algorithm give result relative to the L2 norm. Optimal filter coefficients are given by the polynomial approximation in L∞ norm, but only algorithms with exponential complexity are available for solving this problem in L∞ norm. We have used algorithms which solve the problem in L2 norm and then added heuristics which improves the results relative to L∞ norm. We also tried a method where the problem was formulated as a system of diophantine equations with lower and upper bound which was then attempted to solve by using the LLL algorithm.
Both mentioned methods of filter design were tested on different sets of lowpass and bandstop filters with different frequency-domain specifications. Unfortunately, we didn't get any result from solving the system of diophantine equations. So we have only compared Babai's algorithm and heuristics with two existing design methods which do not use lattice basis reduction algorithms. The first method is simple and is based on rounding infinite precision coefficients obtained by Remez algorithm. This method gives suboptimal results. The second method is based on integer programming, which always gives optimal results but is slow and sometimes the problem is not solved in a reasonable amount of time.
Design method with Babai's algorithm and heuristics has been proved in tests to be fast and for almost all sets of filters better than rounding method. In certain cases we have obtained the same results as with integer programming, but unfortunately not always. The set of filters where this method was not proved to be good was the set of filters that have different weight of the error in each band. That is also the major drawback of using Babai's algorithm and heuristics for designing optimal FIR filter with finite wordlength coefficients. In the future the research should be focused on using the lattice basis reduction algorithms with integer programming. The LLL algorithm has been already used to derive a lower bound for approximation error which increases the speed of the branch-and-bound algorithm.


REAL-TIME FUR MODELING WITH SIMULATION OF PHYSICAL EFFECTS Sinan Arıyürek M.S. in Computer Engineering Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Bülent Özgüç September, 2012 Fur is one of the important visual aspects of animals and it is quite challenging to model it in computer graphics. This is due to rendering and animating high amounts of geometry taking excessive time in our personal computers. Thus in computer games most of the animals are without fur or covered with a single layer of texture. But these current methods do not provide the reality and even if the rendering in the game is realistic the fur is omitted. There have been several models to render a fur, but the methods that incorporate rendering are not in real-time, on the other hand most of the real-time methods omit many of the natural aspects , such as; texture lighting, shadow and animation. Thus the outcome is not sufficient for realistic gaming experience. In this thesis we propose a real-time fur represantation that can be used on 3D objects. Moreover, we demonstrate how to; render, animate and burn this real-time fur.


The synthesis of some new linear furobenzopyrone 3a-h, 7a,b and angular furobenzopyrone derivatives 9a-s and 12a,b were described on the base of being monofunctional compounds to decrease possible toxicity. All the prepared compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial and photosensitizing activities. Compounds 2e, 4 and 7b were found to have good antimicrobial activity while only compound 2e exhibited higher photosensitizing activity than xanthotoxin. In addition, photosensitizing activity increased upon increasing time of radiation and concentration of substance. Quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) study was applied to find a correlation between the photosensitizing activities of the newly synthesized furobenzopyrone derivatives and their physicochemical parameter. Furthermore, docking study was undertaken to gain insight into the possible binding mode of these compounds with the binding site of the DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II) enzyme which is responsible for resolving topological problems which arise during the various processes of DNA.


Metallic intravascular stents are medical devices commonly made of 316L stainless steel or nitinol used to scaffold a biological lumen, most often diseased arteries, after balloon angioplasty. Stenting procedures reduce the risk of restenosis, but do not eliminate it completely. Indeed, restenosis remains the principal cause of clinical complications, leading to up to 30 % of failure after 3 months of implantation. During the last few years, several works have been focused on the development of an appropriate coating able to act as a carrier for specific anti-restenosis drugs. Moreover, this coating would act as an anti-corrosive barrier, thus inhibiting the release of potentially toxic ions. Actually, the main challenges in stent coatings are to synthesize a biocompatible polymer coating resistant to blood flow, wall shear stress and tensile force after the stent deployment which results in a permanent strain of up to 25%. The adhesion and chemical resistance after deployment are critical properties to investigate for the improvement of the long-term reliability of polymer coated stent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a 25% equivalent plastic deformation on chemical, mechanical and adhesion properties of Teflon-like films deposited on 316L stainless steel. These properties were studied by chemical spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. Teflon-like films were deposited by pulsed plasma glow discharges on flat electropolished 316L stainless steel. An original method has been developed to induce the deformation, and preliminary results have showed that the 12 nm thick Teflon-like films successfully resist to deformations of up to 25%.


Motor vehicle distributors provide after-sales service for vehicles sold through sale of parts and maintenance repairs. They are also expected to run an efficient and profitable parts department, which means parts are also to be available when required and in the desired quantity at the right price. Evaluation of the effectiveness of strategies employed to achieve this form the basis of this research. The objectives were to determine the different parts inventory management strategies employed by motor vehicle firms in Kenya and to determine impact of these inventory management strategies on efficiency and customer service. The outcome is expected to assist vehicle distributors assess effectiveness of current strategies as well as finding new ways of improving inventory management. It will also provide intellectuals with an opportunity to test inventory management theories and pave way for further research into strategies relevant to motor vehicle companies in developing economies. Primary data was collected from managers in the industry responsible for managing inventory and descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentages, mean and standard deviation were used as the study sought to measure the effect of various variables and combinations of variables on efficiency and customer service. Cross tabulation was also used to check of the relationship and differences of opinion from one company to another. This assisted in making comparison analysis amongst the companies. I he findings were presented in tables and bar graphs. Conclusions were drawn and recommendations made from the analysis with gaps for further research identified.


experiment. Abstract: We report a laboratory experiment that enables us to estimate parametric models of ambiguity aversion at the level of the individual subject. We use two main specifications, a "kinked" specification that nests Maxmin Expected Utility, Choquet Expected Utility, α-Maxmin Expected Utility, and Contraction Expected Utility and a "smooth" specification that nests the various theories referred to collectively as Recursive Expected Utility. Our subjects solved a series of portfolio- choice problems. The assets are Arrow securities corresponding to three states of nature, where the probability of one state is known and the remaining two are ambiguous. The sample exhibits considerable heterogeneity in preferences, as captured by parameter estimates. Nonetheless, there exists a strong tendency to equalize the demands for the securities that pay off in the ambiguous states, a feature more easily accommodated by the kinked specification than by the smooth specification. We also find that a large number of subjects are well described by the ambiguity-neutral Subjective Expected Utility model.


Superconducting nanowires have been identified as dual elements to the Josephson junction. This duality is attributed to the existence of quantum phase slip (QPS) phenomena, where the magnitude of the superconducting order parameter fl uctuates to zero. This has provided scope for equivalents to well-established applications of Josephson physics, such as a quantum current standard. Existing literature indicates an in uence of disorder on the rate of QPS events in superconductors, but few studies have looked specifically at quantifying this disorder as dimensions are reduced for QPS materials. We have investigated disorder in two superconductors of particular significance for QPS phenomena, NbSi and NbN. We have engineered compositions of these materials and grown thin-films using magnetron sputter deposition. We developed a novel top-down nanowire fabrication technique to overcome factors limiting the minimum widths achievable using standard lift-off techniques and used this method to reduce our films to nanowires for the investigation of dimensional effects. We present low-temperature transport behaviour in our superconducting thin- films and demonstrate the dependence of the critical temperature on both the sheet resistance and film thickness. These illustrate a trend in disorder from which we extract the Finkel'stein disorder parameter γ, the mean free path, and the BCS and Ginzburg-Landau coherence lengths in our films. As films are reduced to nanowires, we show the infl uence of noise on measurements of superconductivity in nanowires and demonstrate the importance of filtering. We demonstrate that the relationship between the critical temperature and dimension is also observable for a reduction in width of the superconductor when reduced to nanowire dimensions. Finally, using characteristics we have extracted from our investigations, we present a feasibility study on the integration of these nanowires into a voltage-biased QPS junction circuit, dual to the current-biased Josephson junction. Using QPS theory, we predict how our materials are expected to behave in such a circuit and present measurements of a prototype device.


The lifestyle risk factors of lack of exercise, smoking, alcohol intake, and caffeine consumption are reviewed for physiological effects which place women at risk for osteoporosis.


The cuprates are a family of strongly electronically-correlated materials which exhibit high-temperature superconductivity. There has been a vast amount of research into the cuprates since their discovery in 1986, yet despite this research effort, the origins of their electronic phases are not completely understood. In this thesis we focus on a little known paradox to progress our understanding of the physics of these materials.   There are two general ways to compress the cuprates, by external pressure or by internal pressure as induced by isovalent-ion substitution. Paradoxically, they have the opposite effect on the superconducting transition temperature. This thesis seeks to understand the salient difference between these two pressures.  We study three families of cuprates where the ion size can be systematically altered; Bi₂(Sr₁.₆₋xAx)Ln₀.₄CuO₆₊δ, ACuO₂ and LnBa₂−xSrxCu₃O₇₋δ where Ln is a Lanthenide or Y and A={Mg,Ca,Sr,Ba}. We utilise a variety of techniques to explore different aspects of our paradox, for example; Raman spectroscopy to measure the antiferromagnetic superexchange energy and energy gaps, Density Functional Theory to calculate the density of states, Muon Spin Relaxation to measure the superfluid density as well as a variety of more conventional techniques to synthesize and characterise our samples.  Our Raman studies show that an energy scale for spin fluctuations cannot resolve the different effect of the two pressures. Similarly the density of states close to the Fermi-energy, while an important property, does not clearly resolve the paradox. From our superfluid density measurements we have shown that the disorder resulting from isovalent-ion substitution is secondary in importance for the superconducting transition temperature.  Instead, we find that the polarisability is a key property of the cuprates with regard to superconductivity. This understanding resolves the paradox! It implies that electron pairing in the cuprates results from either (i) a short-range interaction where the polarisability screens repulsive longer-range interactions and/or (ii) the relatively unexplored idea of the exchange of quantized, coherent polarisation waves in an analogous fashion to phonons in the conventional theory of superconductivity. More generally, we have also demonstrated the utility of studying ion-size effects to further our collective understanding of the cuprates.


> Context • The construction of a product is fundamental. However, students' having produced something is not enough to ensure that they have constructed knowledge. > Problem • The objective of this article is to understand how maker education can contribute to the process of students' knowledge construction. > method • Initially we discuss aspects related to the theory of constructionism, subsequently, using Piaget's notions of conceptualization, we discuss how knowledge can be constructed in a makerspace, then turn to a case study that illustrates our theoretical commentary, and end with conclusions about our main research question: "Where is the knowledge construction in making?" > Results • We show that in makerspaces students can develop sophisticated artifacts by using digital technologies, and that besides the product, this process allows for the representation of the actions with these machines, expressed as concepts and strategies used. > Implications • The action representation constitutes the "window into the mind" of the learner, allowing one to understand and identify the knowledge used and, with that, help the learner reach a new stage in knowledge construction. However, in order to know whether the student has constructed knowledge, the teacher can use different strategies, such as Piaget's clinical method, analysis of results gathered throughout product testing, and use of simulation software related to concepts involved in the maker activity. > Constructivist content • The discussion in this article is based on Papert's constructionist ideas. However, we use Piaget's distinction between success and understanding to discuss how knowledge can be constructed by students in makerspaces. >


Australia has seen increased levels of migration and refugee families coming to Australia (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2010) which therefore has resulted in increased numbers of children entering school throughout the year, often when families have been in Australia for a short amount of time. Whilst the literature highlights the importance of effective transition to school processes as having long term benefits for children and families commencing kindergarten at the beginning of a school year (Early, Pianta et al. 1999; Dockett and Perry 2003; Pianta and La Paro 2003), refugee families arrive in Australia and their children start school any time throughout the year. These newly arrived families may struggle with school policies and practices that are often radically different from those in their home country. Further, research has identified that recently arrived students from Africa placed in high schools had difficulties within these institutions (Cassity & Gow, 2005). This was compounded by teachers' lack of confidence in addressing their specific needs which may also likely be the case in primary school settings. Children joining existing classes and friendship groups may also experience isolation and difficulties with adjustment. This study used a phenomenological approach to understand the perspectives of newly arrived families, children and key staff in the school setting (teachers, executive and support staff). Stakeholders were involved in focus groups. Follow up interviews with children in the school setting enabled them to photograph parts of the environment and people that assisted with the settling process. Teachers were then invited through interview to comment on their perceptions of the photographs. Data was analysed with the assistance of NVIVO 9, (a qualitative software program) to generate key themes and processes which address issues for newly arrived families, children and their teachers in the classroom setting. This paper will report on one part of the study; specifically on the perceptions of teachers. Findings will identify supports and barriers for teachers to facilitate smooth transitions and highlight the importance of communication processes and relationships between families, children and teachers for effective supports during the transition process.


The visible-light photocatalytic activity of titanate nanotubes (TiNTs) sensitized by 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP), 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin manganese (MnTPP), 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin nickel (NiTPP) and 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin zinc (ZnTPP), respectively, was investigated by the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) as a probe reaction. The results showed that the central ions of porphyrins had an important influence on the photocatalytic activity of the samples. The activity was in the order of TiNTs-ZnTPP > TiNTs-TPP > TiNTs-NiTPP > TiNTs-MnTPP. Combined the result of absorption spectra with that of fluorescence spectra, it was demonstrated that various visible-light absorption and photoelectron transfer caused by the central ions of porphyrins were the decisive factor for the visible-light photocatalytic activity of the sensitized TiNTs.


Increasing demand on computer networks continuously pushes manufacturers to incorporate novel features and capabilities into their switches at an ever-accelerating pace. However, the traditional approach to switch development relies on informal specifications and handcrafted tests to ensure reliability, which are tedious and slow to maintain and update, effectively putting feature velocity at odds with reliability. This work describes our experiences following a new approach during the development of switch software stacks that extend fixed-function ASICs with SDN capabilities. Specifically, we focus on SwitchV, our system for automated end-to-end switch validation using fuzzing and symbolic analysis, that evolves effortlessly with the switch specification. Our approach is centered around using the P4 language to model the data plane behavior of the switch as well as its control plane API. Such P4 models are then used as a formal specification by SwitchV, as well as a switch-agnostic contract by SDN controllers, and a living documentation by engineers. SwitchV found a total of 154 bugs spanning all switch layers. The majority of bugs were highly relevant and fixed within 14 days.


Background: Insecticides, such as insecticide repellents, contain compounds that are classified as Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs). EDCs act as estrogen-like hormones. These compounds can bind to estrogen receptors located in testicular germ cells and mediate carcinogenesis through DNA oxidative damage. Objective: To determine the effect of insecticides exposure on testicular germ cell Methods: This true experiment research design with parallel post test only control group design using Sprague Dawley rat strain 3 days post-natal age (n=25) which were randomly divided into 5 groups (control group (n=5), 25 mg β estradiol 3-benzoate (n=5), burn mosquito repellent (n=5), 3 ml of liquid mosquito repellent (n=5), and 4 ml of liquid mosquito repellent (n=5)). After 100 days, testicular was taken and examined its germ cell malignancies histopathologically using HE staining. Kruskal-Wallis and continued using Mann-Whitney statistical analysis were done to seek the difference between control and treatment groups. Results: There was an enhancement in the number of testicular germ cells that lead to malignancy in each treatment group compared to those of control group. There were significant differences between treatment groups 25 mg β estradiol 3-benzoate (p=0.008), burning mosquito repellent (p=0.019), and liquid repellent 4 ml (p=0.025) compared to those of control group. However, the difference was found not significant between 3 ml liquid repellent (p=0,589) compared to those of control group. Conclusions: Exposure to insecticides may result in significant changes in testicular germ cell histology that leads to malignancy.


TONY BLAcKwoOD AND GRAHAM MowL ARE both lecturers at the University of Northumbria, England. this paper aims to identify and account for patterns of success and failure among small, expatriate-owned businesses operating in the tourism service sector of the major resorts of the Costa del Sol in Southern Spain. This group of businesses is particularly interesting because they have acquired a reputation for economic instability and relatively high rates of business failure. Furthermore, the need has been argued for both area and industry specific research on small business failure in order to gain a more contextual understanding of their problems. To understand any patterns of business success and failure it is necessary to investigate not only the behaviour of business owners but also the more general economic and social processes affecting the industrial sector and the locality in which the firm operates. The paper assess the tourism industry and in particular the role of small businesses within the tourism-related sector. It also investigates the background, aims and business management practices of individual entrepreneurs and attempts to use these findings to generate possible explanations of the patterns of business success detected.


Dami human leukemia cells express G protein-coupled thrombin receptors that operate through the phospholipase C pathway. When these receptors are activated by alpha-thrombin or by thrombin receptor-activating peptide, an elevation in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration develops that is accompanied by hyperpolarization of the plasma membrane. This transitory phase of hyperpolarization is primarily mediated by inwardly rectifying, Ca2+-activated K+ channels that have an inward conductance of approximately 24 pS. In cell-attached patches the channels open within seconds after superfusion of the cell with thrombin receptor-activating peptide. In inside-out patches, perfusion of submicromolar Ca2+ onto the cytosolic surface of the membrane is sufficient to activate the channels. In outside-out patches, channel opening can be blocked by nanomolar concentrations of charybdotoxin. The function of these intermediate-sized inwardly rectifying, Ca2+-activated K+ channels has not been established; however, by analogy with other cell systems, they may serve to regulate cell volume during cellular activation or to increase the electromotive drive that sustains Na+ and/or Ca2+ influx through ligand-gated cation channels.


This report explores Club Cubano Inter-Americano's history in order to show how it helped situate Cuban immigrants within the Anglo and Latino communities in New York City in the early 20th century, and it examines the ways in which immigrants balanced their island heritage with community building in the United States. The different parts of the report focus on the organization's foundation, leadership, activities, events, and treatment of race. A historiography of similar social groups provides a necessary background of the overall structure and goals of Cuban mutual-aid societies. Although the question of race was never officially present in Club-related rhetoric, a number of similarities link its makeup and functions to an existing tradition of Afro-Cuban mutual-aid societies on the island and abroad. The analysis of the New York Club Cubano Inter-Americano provides a glimpse into a part of the Cuban migration in the United States that simply does not fit with the rest.


General equations for conservative yet dissipative (entropy producing) extended magnetohydrodynamics are derived from two-fluid theory. Keeping all terms generates unusual cross-effects, such as thermophoresis and a current viscosity that mixes with the usual velocity viscosity. While the Poisson bracket of the ideal version of this model has already been discovered, we determine its metriplectic counterpart that describes the dissipation. This is done using a new and general thermodynamic point of view to derive dissipative brackets, a means of derivation that is natural for understanding and creating dissipative dynamics without appealing to underlying kinetic theory orderings. Finally, the formalism is used to study dissipation in the Lagrangian variable picture where, in the context of extended magnetohydrodynamics, non-local dissipative brackets naturally emerge.


Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) has defined sudden unexpected death as a death, non-violent and not otherwise explained, occurring within 24 hours from the onset of symptoms. This study was performed with the objective to evaluate the different neurological causes of sudden and unexpected death.
Methods and materials: this is a cross-sectional analytical study with non-probability consecutive sampling technique over the period of one year. Data were collected, and analyzed using SPSS 20. Data were presented in percentages, and stratifications were used to control the modifiers.
Results: There were total 110 autopsies done during the period of one year for sudden and unexpected deaths, among which 19 (17.3%) were deaths due to neurological causes, where 17(89.5%) were males and 2(10.5%) were females. There were 68.43% deaths seen during cold weather. Smoking, alcohol and drug abuse all seems to have higher prevalence among the sudden death due to neurological cause. Most common causes were subarachnoid hemorrhage (58%) followed by ganglionic bleed (26%).
Conclusion: Common cause of sudden death due to neurological disease in our study seem to be due to intracerebral hemorrhage where subarachnoid hemorrhage was more common. The deaths were more common during the cold weather and most of them stopped their heart at emergency department during resuscitation.


The main flaws of electric arc welds and factors determining the quality of the welded seams are considered in this paper. In practice, welding tools and their control systems are affected by some external factors causing deviation of the weld's quality from the specified values. Currently used control systems of welding tools do not always satisfy the requirements for quality of welded joints. Major principles of developing the adaptive control system of the welding tool are considered here and the developed functional and block diagrams of microprocessor system are presented. General equations describing the welding process are also provided and the obtained transfer function of a closed system is described.


A simple two-band model is used to describe the magnitude and temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility, Hall coefficient and Seebeck data from undoped and Co doped BaFe2As2. Overlapping rigid parabolic electron and hole bands are considered as a model of the electronic structure of the FeAs-based semimetals. The model has only three parameters: the electron and hole effective masses and the position of the valence band maximum with respect to the conduction band minimum. The model is able to reproduce in a semiquantitative fashion the magnitude and temperature dependence of many of the normal state magnetic and transport data from the FeAs-type materials, including the ubiquitous increase in the magnetic susceptibility with increasing temperature.


Aim: A standard MRI technique of the pelvis is described which is well tolerated by patients and helps clinicians in surgical planning. Materials and methods: The clinical and imaging data of sixteen consecutive symptomatic men (mean age 45.5 ± 2 yrs, range 24-73 yrs) and fourteen women (mean age 40.6 ± 1.8 yrs, range 19-57 yrs) with known or suspected ano-perianal sepsis, who underwent MRI study between July 2015 and July 2016 were reviewed. The examinations were performed on a 1.5 T horizontal scanner using an external coil, T2–W and STIR pulse sequences in all three scan planes and an endoanal marker for evidence any intra o extra sphincteric collection, internal and external openings, distant extents and signs of disease activity despite apparent healing. The frequency, with which findings at MRI changed the preliminary clinical diagnosis and the subsequent surgical management from a simple fistula into that of complex fistula disease, was calculated. Results: The average time interval from the onset of symptoms to the request of MRI study was 13 ± 2 months (range 3-39 months) while only 5 out of 30 cases (16.6%) patients were evaluated with 3D endoanal-ultrasonography. Overall, in 27 out of 30 subjects (90%) a +440% increase in the rate of complex MR parameters was observed leading to need for reoperation and/or a more aggressive and extensive surgery. Conclusions: MRI is indicated as early as possible in the diagnostic work-up of anal fistula disease.


The nutritional effects of supplementing the diets of dairy cows during the dry period with anionic salts and probiotic, on some blood parameters, milk production and composition and the development of milk fever, were evaluated in 20 Holstein cattle (>3 rd lactation). Diets were composed of a mixture of hay (70%) and commercial concentrate (30%) with and without supplemental anionic salts. These diets were given to cows during the 3 weeks prior to calving. Cows in the probiotic group also received 5g/day probiotic orally during this period. The cation/ anion balances of the diets were determined to be —67.77 and +130.73 meq/kg dry matter in the anionic diets and the control diets, respectively. Blood samples were collected 21, 14 and 7 days prior to calving, at calving and days 1, 2, 7, 14, 21 and 42 postpartum. Milk samples were collected on days 7, 14, 21 and 42 postpartum. Urine samples were collected 3 weeks prior to calving, at calving and at the sixth week postpartum. Dry matter intake amongst the groups was not affected by trials. Serum Ca levels of cows consuming the control diet were found to be significantly lower than those of the other groups on the first day postpartum (p<0.05). On the day of calving, serum Mg levels of all animals in all groups were found to be increased and serum Ca (except the anionic group) and Pi levels were decreased. However, serum total protein and albumin levels were not affected during this experiment. The urine pH level of the control group was highest at the parturition (p<0.05). Milk production in the anionic salt and probiotic groups was increased during the 2 nd week of lactation compared with the other groups (p<0.05). Milk composition was not affected significantly during the trial. Milk fever developed in one animal in the anionic salt + probiotic group, and in two animals in the control group.


A national scoping study into mobile phone use while driving across Australia has been completed and the report can be downloaded from the link below. The researchers noted that the use of mobile phones and other mobile technologies has been increasing, and that the effects on driver distraction are of concern. At present, the available evidence regarding mobile phone use in crashes is limited. While hand-held mobile phone use is illegal in Australia, the use of legal hands-free systems in cars may also be contributing to crash risk. There is potential for automated enforcement to be explored, as well as technology which may reduce or block the use of mobile phones in vehicles, and these potential solutions need further development.


Reefs are being threatened by global warming, natural disasters, and the increased pressure of the global population. These habitats are in urgent need of mapping at high resolution so that these threats can be quantified. Remote sensing can potentially provide such quantitative data. In this article, we attempt to map benthic coral-reef habitats at the Puerto Morelos Reef National Park in Yucatan Peninsula (México) and to assess the accuracy of the technique in providing a baseline data for future monitoring of changes and evolution of the reef system. An IKONOS image was used in combination with checkpoint ground sampling and classified using a supervised maximum likelihood classifier (ENVI 4.5). We show that it is possible to map the reef with acceptable accuracy for the lagoon and discriminate the main habitat types, including vegetation, corals, and bare substrate. But, in areas close to the shore and in the front-reef zone, there were significant misclassifications as well as a failure to delineate spatial structures evident on the ground and in aerial imagery. These difficulties and failures occurred either in the areas deeper than 5–8 m where depth limits light transmission (particularly in the red channel) or when the spectral response of habitats were too close to be discriminated. This highlights the need to combine these data with other methods, such as acoustic mapping, in order to provide more accurate representations of the benthic habitats of entire reef systems.


In this study, we propose information exchange process for the effective integration of building information modeling (BIM) into an augmented reality (AR)-based smart facilities maintenance (SFM) system. The proposed SFM system refers to a system that combines technologies such as AR and IoT sensors in the field maintenance work. This requires the acquisition of data from various sources followed by transformation of these data into an appropriate format. Construction operation building information exchange (COBie) is widely used as a means to effectively integrate and utilize information for maintenance. Therefore, SFM system has a requirement attribute information system with reference to COBie. But this information should be linked to the maintenance work procedures in the actual use case scenario and it is necessary to define the information exchange process. To solve this problem, we uses the following methods to enable SFM system development with applications for BIM and AR technologies in the FM of the building sector of public facilities. First, it analyzes the previous studies on BIM-based maintenance works and AR technology. Second, it divides the SFM work process utilizing the BIM-based COBie system, and it defines the COBie data required for each work phase. Third, it develops a scenario-based business process modeling notation (BPMN) for the SFM system prototype. Finally, it proposes an implementation method of SFM system architecture.


A wireless sensor network is nowadays very popular important in the field of research because the world is now switching faster from wired communication to the wireless communication. We studied many research papers from various researchers and every research worked on diverse protocol. As we know protocol is classified in the different domain and every domain has its own advantages and limitations. In our research work, our main focus is to enhance the base work in term of network parameters. During the execution of any research, first of all, we have to execute in the virtual environment due to the cost factor. Because if we directly execute in the real world it is not necessary that work would be carried out successfully therefore in this scenario huge loss of money will come into existence. We executed our research work in NS2 simulation environment. WSN is collections of very small sensor nodes which accept information and transfer this valuable information to the base station via shortest routes so that energy consumption would be reduced. WSN has defined diverse routing protocols for the network. There is two main problem exist in WSN, the first one is to design a routing protocol which gives optimization of energy and another security issue due to dynamic topology. There are diverse routing protocols which are classified as their working and their application to different conditions. In our research work, we worked on four routing protocols and integrated these into NS 2 Software. Out of these protocols, we found that ECHERP protocol performance is excellent as compared to other routing protocol in WSN.


Fuzzy mathematics-informed methods are beneficial in cases when observations display uncertainty and volatility since it is of vital importance to make predictions about the future considering the stages of interpreting, planning, and strategy building. It is possible to realize this aim through accurate, reliable, and realistic data and information analysis, emerging from past to present time. The principal expenditures are treated as fuzzy numbers in this article, which includes a blurry categorial prototype with pattern-diverse stipulation and collapse with salvation worth. Multiple parameters such as a shortage, ordering, and degrading cost are not fixed in nature due to uncertainty in the marketplace. Obtaining an accurate estimate of such expenditures is challenging. Accordingly, in this research, we develop an adaptive and integrative economic order quantity model with a fuzzy method and present an appropriate structure to manage such uncertain parameters, boosting the inventory system's exactness, and computing efficiency. The major goal of the study was to assess a set of changes to the company current inventory processes that allowed an achievement in its inventory costs optimization and system development in optimizing inventory costs for better control and monitoring. The approach of graded mean integration is used to determine the most efficient actual solution. The evidence-based model is illustrated with the help of appropriate numerical and sensitivity analysis through the related visual graphical depictions. The proposed method in our study aims at investigating the economic order quantity (EOQ), as the optimal order quantity, which is significant in inventory management to minimize the total costs related to ordering, receiving, and holding inventory in the dynamic domains with nonlinear features of the complex dynamic and nonlinear systems as well as structures.


The influence of mixtures of Ni0.5Zn0.4Cu0.1Fe2O4, CoFe2O4, and graphite on the permeability, permittivity and microwave absorption properties in a composite embedded with insulating polymeric matrix, that can be used for X- and P-band radar absorption, has been investigated. Thermodynamic modelling of the complex ferrite system has been demonstrated by the controlled simultaneous coprecipitation of all ions inolved in the composite in the selected working pH ranges. The method employed is very convenient for the synthesis of multicomponent systems with a homogenous distribution of compositions.


State machine replication protocols, like MultiPaxos and Raft, are a critical component of many distributed systems and databases. However, these protocols offer relatively low throughput due to several bottlenecked components. Numerous existing protocols fix different bottlenecks in isolation but fall short of a complete solution. When you fix one bottleneck, another arises. In this paper, we introduce compartmentalization, the first comprehensive technique to eliminate state machine replication bottlenecks. Compartmentalization involves decoupling individual bottlenecks into distinct components and scaling these components independently. Compartmentalization has two key strengths. First, compartmentalization leads to strong performance. In this paper, we demonstrate how to compartmentalize MultiPaxos to increase its throughput by 6× on a write-only workload and 16× on a mixed read-write workload. Unlike other approaches, we achieve this performance without the need for specialized hardware. Second, compartmentalization is a technique, not a protocol. Industry practitioners can apply compartmentalization to their protocols incrementally without having to adopt a completely new protocol.


Abstract We will give a simple philosophical "proof" of the negation of Cantor's continuum hypothesis (CH). (A formal proof for or against CH from the axioms of ZFC is impossible; see Cohen [1].) We will assume the axioms of ZFC together with intuitively clear axioms which are based on some intuition of Stuart Davidson and an old theorem of Sierpiński and are justified by the symmetry in a thought experiment throwing darts at the real number line. We will in fact show why there must be an infinity of cardinalities between the integers and the reals. We will also show why Martin's Axiom must be false, and we will prove the extension of Fubini's Theorem for Lebesgue measure where joint measurability is not assumed. Following the philosophy—if you reject CH you are only two steps away from rejecting the axiom of choice (AC)—we will point out along the way some extensions of our intuition which contradict AC.


Recent climate change has affected the phenology of numerous species, and such differential changes may affect host–parasite interactions. Using information on vectors (louseflies, mosquitoes, blackflies) and parasites (tropical fowl mite Ornithonyssus bursa, the lousefly Ornithomyia avicularia, a chewing louse Brueelia sp., two species of feather mites Trouessartia crucifera and Trouessartia appendiculata, and two species of blood parasites Leucozytozoon whitworthi and Haemoproteus prognei) of the barn swallow Hirundo rustica collected during 1971–2008, I analyzed temporal changes in emergence and abundance, relationships with climatic conditions, and changes in the fitness impact of parasites on their hosts. Temperature and rainfall during the summer breeding season of the host increased during the study. The intensity of infestation by mites decreased, but increased for the lousefly during 1982–2008. The prevalence of two species of blood parasites increased during 1988–2008. The timing of first mass emergence of mosquitoes and blackflies advanced. These temporal changes in phenology and abundance of parasites and vectors could be linked to changes in temperature, but less so to changes in precipitation. Parasites had fitness consequences for hosts because intensity of the mite and the chewing louse was significantly associated with delayed breeding of the host, while a greater abundance of feather mites was associated with earlier breeding. Reproductive success of the host decreased with increasing abundance of the chewing louse. The temporal decrease in mite abundance was associated with advanced breeding of the host, while the increase in abundance of the lousefly was associated with earlier breeding. Virulence by the tropical fowl mite decreased with increasing temperature, independent of confounding factors. These findings suggest that climate change affects parasite species differently, hence altering the composition of the parasite community, and that climate change causes changes in the virulence of parasites. Because the changing phenology of different species of parasites had both positive and negative effects on their hosts, and because the abundance of some parasites increased, while that of other decreased, there was no consistent temporal change in host fitness during 1971–2008.


For measuring deformation of electronic packages, various techniques have been used. Each technique has some merits and demerits. Some techniques have very high resolution but small measuring area. On the contrary, other techniques have large measuring area and low resolution. So the judicious selection of techniques with a trade-off between the resolution and available measuring area is important. In this research, a new laser profiler was developed by integrating high resolution laser displacement sensor into the x-y scanner. This system has 10nm vertical resolution and 100nm horizontal resolution with a measurement area up to 25mm by 25mm. The residual deformation of a lead-contained and lead-free PBGA package after reflow process was measured by the newly developed system. And the effect of aging was evaluated.


Between the 30th July and the 2nd August 2013 Oxford Archaeology East conducted an archaeological excavation on the former hostel site at 2 Park Close, Yaxley, Cambridgeshire (TL 8160 9249). An excavation area measuring 33m by 16m was opened in an area where previous work had identified possible prehistoric activity.
Prehistoric, Roman and medieval artefacts were recovered from the site but the bulk of the activity appeared to have occurred in the medieval period. A sherd of Early Bronze Age pottery and several lithics recovered from a pit indicate prehistoric activity. The presence of postholes in the south-west corner of the site may represent prehistoric settlement was located here, however, with only a small number of artefacts recovered it is not possible to say conclusively.
Roman pottery tended to occur residually in medieval contexts and probably represents a background scatter of Roman material in this area.
In the medieval period the land in the development area was exploited for its sand and gravel resource by strip quarries, located mainly in the western part of the site. These pits had mainly been backfilled and contained few finds. However, one pit contained a large amount of medieval pottery indicating that domestic activity may have been occurring nearby.


Delivery of personalized cancer risk assessment, prevention, and therapy is challenged by the complex gene-gene, gene-environment, and gene-therapeutic agent interactions that differentially impact diverse populations. We have been using a translational epidemiologic approach to construct comprehensive, clinically applicable risk prediction models along the entire cancer continuum, from etiology to screening, prognosis, treatment response, progression, quality of life, and survivorship. We assimilate epidemiologic, genetic and clinical variables with genotypic and phenotypic biomarkers to develop robust personalized risk prediction models that inform clinical care and empower clinical risk stratification. I will present our ongoing strategies to integrate molecular epidemiology into the individualized clinical management of cancer, and highlight key aspects of our most prominent research that has employed various "Omic" platforms and cell-based phenotypic assays to address key issues in risk assessment, prevention, and treatment outcome across several malignancies. We are establishing several large prospective cohorts of general public, pre-cancer, and cancer patients, respectively, for integrative risk assessment along the cancer continuum. The MD Anderson Cancer Patient Cohort is comprised of all newly-presenting patients that seek care at our institution. The cohort infrastructure encompasses an all-inclusive blood biorepository that is linked to an electronic patient history database of core epidemiologic risk factors with networking to institutional clinical patient data resources. This clinically well-characterized patient cohort provides a rich resource to develop personalized risk assessment tools and clinically useful models that aid in treatment stratification. In another initiative, the Premalignant Genome Atlas (PGA) program is focusing on earlier aspects of the cancer continuum to assess the full spectrum of risk factors contributing to initiation and progression of precancerous lesions, such as Barrett's esophagus and colorectal polyps. We have produced preliminary data on molecular profiling to identify biomarkers of progression risk. Our goals to delineate targets for prevention intervention will be discussed, as will our strategies to develop integrative risk prediction models to identify individuals who may benefit most from such intervention trials. Finally, in collaboration with the MJ Health Management Institution, we are developing the large prospective MJ Cohort with over half a million individuals undergoing comprehensive health screening in Taiwan. I will highlight the key public health take-home messages that we have derived from our analyses of risk factors associated with cancer and other diseases. Overall, our mission is to integrate translational epidemiologic discoveries into fundamental clinical applications and public health initiatives to enable individualized strategies that improve patients' lives and reduce the global burden of cancer. Citation Format: Xifeng Wu. Translational epidemiology: Towards personalized risk assessment, prevention, and therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2012 Oct 16-19; Anaheim, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Prev Res 2012;5(11 Suppl):Abstract nr PL05-02.


This book offers conclusions that are very different from most of the traditional historical interpretations of the Buchanan presidency. Historians have either condemned Buchanan for weakness and vacillation or portrayed him as a president dedicated to peace who did everything constitutionally possible to avoid war. Under the scrutiny of Elbert B. Smith, Buchanan emerges as a strong figure who made vital contributions not to peace but to the accelerating animosities that produced the war. "Historians who have considered the Civil War a necessary and justifiable price for the destruction of slavery should feel a debt to James Buchanan," Smith writes. "Those who think the war could and should have been avoided owe him nothing." Most of the accounts of the era have concentrated on the Dred Scott Case, Bleeding Kansas and the Lecompton Constitution, the Lincoln-Douglas debates, John Brown, the rise of the Republicans and the disintegration of the Democrats, the election of 1860, and the bitter quarrels over slavery extension occasioned by these events. Buchanan has often appeared on a stage occupied by more important actors. Whether or not the war was already inevitable by March, 1857, cannot be proved. That a subsequent series of emotion-packed events filled both North and South with rage and fear, triggering secession and the war, is undebatable. It is Smith's theory that Buchanan, in leading the United States through these fateful years, added much to the war spirit that developed in both sections. Driven by affection and sympathy for the Southerners, he tried to satisfy their demands for slavery rights in the territories. This aroused bitter anti-South feelings throughout the North, which foiled his efforts and further convinced the Southerners that they could no longer have their way inside the Union. The one event that finally triggered the Southern secession was the election of a Republican president, and Buchanan's agreement with the Southern demands and his personal hatred for Stephen A. Douglas did much to accomplish this. Covering the most controversial period in American history, Smith presents important new evaluations for the consideration of students of both the Civil War and the presidency.


Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to suggest a lean, agile, resilient, and green (LARG) index as a benchmarking tool to assess the leanness, agility, resilience and the greenness of the automotive companies and corresponding supply chain (SC).

Design/methodology/approach

– The proposed index incorporates LARG supply chain management paradigms and corresponding practices being both weighted according to their importance for the automotive SC sustainability. The Delphi technique is used to obtain the weights for each SC paradigm and a linear aggregated method is proposed. A case study approach related to the automotive SC is chosen to illustrate the LARG index application.

Findings

– The case study results confirmed the usefulness and ease of application of LARG index in a real world SC. The application of the suggested index to a set of companies, and consequently to their SC, makes possible to identify: the better and worst performer company in each paradigm, the LARG practices with higher levels of application among the companies, the LARG index for each company and also for the corresponding SC. This becomes an important benchmarking tool since comparative analysis regarding the LARG behaviours are possible to perform with the suggested index.

Research limitations/implications

– More LARG practices could be considered to improve the robustness of the index. Future studies should be conducted across more companies for improving the effectiveness of the approach, and more members should be included in the panel of Delphi technique for enhancing the validity of the suggested approach.

Practical implications

– SC companies will be able to assess their performance in terms of leanness, agility, resilience and greenness. A study like this could encourage all automotive companies to benchmark their organizations as regards their competitors, the best in class, and also the industry average.

Originality/value

– This paper contributes to the literature by introducing a new index for measuring the leanness, agility, resilience and greenness of companies and SCs. This index can be used by managers as a benchmarking tool to identify their LARG behaviour and compare it with their SC partners and seek for improvement.


The transition voltage of three different asymmetric Au∕poly(phenylene) thiol∕Au molecular junctions in which the central molecule is either benzene thiol, biphenyl thiol, or terphenyl thiol is investigated by first-principles quantum transport simulations. For all the junctions, the calculated transition voltage at positive polarity is in quantitative agreement with the experimental values and shows weak dependence on alterations of the Au-phenyl contact. When compared to the strong coupling at the Au-S contact, which dominates the alignment of various molecular orbitals with respect to the electrode Fermi level, the coupling at the Au-phenyl contact produces only a weak perturbation. Therefore, variations of the Au-phenyl contact can only have a minor influence on the transition voltage. These findings not only provide an explanation to the uniformity in the transition voltages found for π-conjugated molecules measured with different experimental methods, but also demonstrate the advantage of transition voltage spectroscopy as a tool for determining the positions of molecular levels in molecular devices.


"I LOVE the great despisers," said Nietzsche, "for they are the great adorers." If my attitude towards Mr. Squire, Mr. MacCarthy and the other grandees of contemporary criticism appears to be lacking in respect, let me, at the outset, give as my explanation the fact that I happen to cherish good criticism and am grieved to see the art falling into disrepute. For no interested observer can fail to be impressed with the circumstance that the delicate process of literary criticism, in latterday hands, is fast becoming tarnished and stale. Gosse and Walkley, whatever their limitations, were the last of a noble line; passing from us, they left, so far as I can see, no inheritors of their tradition. This is a serious loss. For criticism, despite Whistler's scoffs, may be necessary if the arts are to exercise their maximum influence upon the mind of the nation. Art is an apocalypse; but without the intercession of the critic the artist, so far as the majority of mankind is concerned, is a Memnon casting his music upon the desert. Moreover, criticism, at its best, has an independent and quite precious value of its own. "The adventures of the soul among masterpieces"—the definition may be jejune, but it holds at least a kernel of truth. We are not, perhaps, considering the full implications of the phrase, an artistic nation. The fates have denied us that integrality, that great continuity of achievement which distinguishes the literature of, say, France and Russia. But we have had our moments. We can point to periods of an intense national flowering of the impulse. And if we can boast of no critic with the gesture, the amplitude of a Taine, "we have at least a perceptible if frequently broken lineage of good criticism. Dryden, Hazlitt, Coleridge, Gosse: these were, in the finest sense of the word, critics, men equipped with rich sensibilities and with minds that waxed radiant at the contact of literature: interpreters, illuminators, in whom criticism was itself a centre of creativity. And now?


As a result of intensive field activities carried out by several nations over the past 15 years, a set of accumulation measurements for western Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, was collected, based on firn-core drilling and snow-pit sampling. This new information was supplemented by earlier data taken from the literature, resulting in 111 accumulation values. Using Geographical Information Systems software, a first region-wide mean annual snow-accumulation field was derived. In order to define suitable interpolation criteria, the accumulation records were analyzed with respect to their spatial autocorrelation and statistical properties. The resulting accumulation pattern resembles well- known characteristics such as a relatively wet coastal area with a sharp transition to the dry interior, but also reveals complex topographic effects. Furthermore, this work identifies new high-return shallow- drilling sites by uncovering areas of insufficient sampling density.


Summary Purpose of Investigation: Recognition of transgender individuals is increasing and so should physicians' knowledge concerning the appropriate management to ensure the best possible care for these patients. Materials and Methods: Comprehensive case study with guidelines analysis. Results: The case of a 17-year-old female patient is presented. The patient had a previous medical history of left adnexectomy and chemotherapy due to an ovarian dysgerminoma yolk sac tumor. The current problem relates to gender identity formation disorders. The patient requires continuation of multidisciplinary examination, and is under the care of doctors and psychologists. The problem is not only gynecological. Conclusion: This patient's case indicates that psychosexual development may be neglected over oncological history of ovarian malignancy.


Abstract : The basic feasibility of satellites from the point of view of rocket performance was considered in a previous group of RAND reports. Refs. 3 through 14. That investigation pointed to several important conclusions. First, the engineering of a rocket vehicle of adequate performance for use as a satellite would require but minor development beyond the then existing technology. Secondly, the payload would have to be small (not more than 2000 lb) to keep the gross weight within reason; hence destructive payloads are not likely to be economically worth while for many years to come. Thirdly, returning the vehicle to earth intact would be difficult and should not be attempted in the early versions. The above factors indicated that the payload would be restricted to instrumentation and communication equipment and prompted the RDB (Technical Evaluation Group) and the Air Force to request that further attention be given to the question of utility. RAND's effort since 1947 on the satellite study has been closely tied to the payload-its description and military usefulness. Most attention has been directed toward reconnaissance, since that is a field in which a satellite may very well show advantages over other types of vehicles. It now appears fortunate that reconnaissance was selected for the first payload investigation. As will be seen later in the report, pioneer reconnaissance (general location and determination of appropriate targets) and weather reconnaissance are suitable with the resolving power presently available to a satellite television system. These two classes of reconnaissance have also been growing in importance to the Air Force, because of the vastness of Russia and the difficulty of gaining information by conventional means.


Boredom has consistently been recognized as a powerful emotion that pervades modern society. Yet despite academic, literary, and media commentaries on boredom's importance, it has historically received sporadic and sparse attention from scientific researchers. This trend of neglect has begun to change course, and researchers have recently made progress in measuring boredom in a given situation, generating a theory of boredom to account for its various causes, and documenting the correlates of boredom proneness. Nevertheless, some significant gaps remain. This dissertation contributes to the rising tide of boredom research by addressing three gaps in the literature. First, the majority of past researchers have confined their examination of boredom to one-shot surveys and laboratory studies, which has narrowed the shape of research questions and can limit the external validity of findings. The first empirical paper (Chapter 2) leverages a rich experience sampling dataset to document boredom's prevalence, examine its situational and demographic correlates, and explore whether situational differences can account for group differences (e.g., whether men are more bored than women because of differences in how they spend their time). In addition to the gap in empirical work outside the laboratory, the work on boredom inside the laboratory is characterized by a significant methodological limitation, the lack of a validated boredom elicitation task. The second empirical paper (Chapter 3) addresses this methodological gap by testing and comparing the effectiveness of boredom inductions. This necessary methodological development contributes to the internal validity of laboratory experiments, which are indispensable in addressing boredom's causal factors. Recently, a comprehensive theory outlining boredom's function and causal determinants was proposed (Kurzban, Duckworth, Kable, & Myers, 2013). However, this theory has not been empirically tested, the main goal of the third essay (Chapter 4). These three essays contribute to empirical knowledge about the experience of boredom in everyday life, provide a validated methodological tool necessary to manipulate boredom in controlled laboratory settings, and advance the development of a comprehensive theory of state boredom that can be used to predict boredom's occurrence and inform interventions. Taken together, these essays characterize the nature of boredom in society and help explain when, and why, this interesting emotion occurs.


Background—The course of inflammatory bowel disease after liver transplantation has been reported as variable with usually no change or improvement, but there may be an increased risk of early colorectal neoplasms. In many centres steroids are often withdrawn early after transplantation and this may affect inflammatory bowel disease activity. Aims—To evaluate the course of inflammatory bowel disease in primary sclerosing cholangitis transplant patients who were treated without long term steroids. Methods—Between 1989 and 1996, there were 30 patients transplanted for primary sclerosing cholangitis who survived more than 12 months. Ulcerative colitis was diagnosed in 18 (60%) patients before transplantation; two had previous colectomy. All patients underwent colonoscopy before and after transplantation and were followed for 38 (12–92) months. All received cyclosporin or tacrolimus with or without azathioprine as maintenance immunosuppression. Results—Ulcerative colitis course after transplantation compared with that up to five years before transplantation was the same in eight (50%) and worse in eight (50%) patients. It remained quiescent in eight and worsened in four of the 12 patients with pretransplant quiescent course, whereas it worsened in all four patients with pretransplant active course (p=0.08). New onset ulcerative colitis developed in three (25%) of the 12 patients without inflammatory bowel disease before transplantation. No colorectal cancer has been diagnosed to date. Conclusions—Preexisting ulcerative colitis often has an aggressive course, while de novo ulcerative colitis may develop in patients transplanted for primary sclerosing cholangitis and treated without long term steroids.


Oral and nasal videoendoscopic procedures, when used in tandem, could provide a more useful analysis of velopharyngeal physiology than either procedure used alone. The purposes of this research were 1) to document observed differences between the two approaches when applied to the examination of velopharyngeal function and 2) to determine the advantages and disadvantages of using oral and nasal endoscopy as tandem diagnostic tools. The results indicated that patterns of velopharyngeal closure as observed from both the oral and nasal views are in approximately 60% agreement. Differences between the two perspectives most frequently involve the relative contributions of the pharyngeal walls. These differences are attributed to important physiologic variations along the vertical plane of the velopharynx. The data indicate that using oral and nasal videoendoscopy as tandem diagnostic procedures can result in improved understanding of velopharyngeal physiology. The issues of interference with speech movements and patient compliance are discussed.


Risk regulation regimes in the developed world are increasingly 'science-based', that is heavily dependent on scientific assessment of the risk conducted by independent and specialised agencies. In the European Union (EU) these agencies are mostly advisory, and assessments are delivered in the form of 'opinion', yet their pronouncements as for the 'safety' of a novel food, pesticide or chemical are very often judiciously obeyed by the politically accountable risk managers. In this way the locus of decision-making moves upstream, to the risk assessing agencies and in turn this creates strong pressures to make them 'accountable'. The present paper explores the accountability of scientific agencies through a case study of the recent highly salient assessments of glyphosate – a popular herbicide – conducted by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). It begins by reframing the notion of accountability as the twin requirements to give account as well as take into account. The paper argues that the different sides diverge not merely in having opposite views on the one key issue – whether glyphosate is safe – but also in having quite different views on what matters, i.e. what factors are relevant for the decision. When some factors cannot be taken into account by the decision-makers while others are made pivotal, the stakeholders are forced into a proxy war on the latter (in this case the alleged carcinogenicity of the herbicide). The other key argument of the paper is that the scientific assessments are always shaped by the legal environment the assessors are embedded into and therefore it is impossible to separate 'legal' and 'political' from 'technical' issues at any level. Thus, even the most trivial or technical-looking detail may have enormous political significance. Sophisticated stakeholders never fail to notice this, so it is necessary for policy makers and academics to acknowledge it too.


Abstract A crystal plasticity finite element method (CPFEM) model has been developed to investigate the influence of indenter geometry on the mechanical behaviour and micro-texture evolution during nano-indentation of single crystal aluminium. The developed model has been validated by comparison with experimental observations. The numerical results show that indenter geometry influences the load-indentation depth curve, hardness and elastic modulus significantly. The surface profile, equivalent plastic strain distribution and micro-texture evolution during nano-indentation have been analysed in detail. Abstract A Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Method (CPFEM) model has been developed to investigate the influence of indenter geometry on the mechanical behaviour and micro-texture evolution during nano-indentation of single crystal aluminium. The developed model has been validated by comparison with experimental observations. The numerical results show that indenter geometry influences the load-indentation depth curve, hardness and elastic modulus significantly. The surface profile, equivalent plastic strain distribution and micro-texture evolution during nano-indentation have been analysed in detail.


The partial discharge (PD) pattern recognition capability of a neural network, employing the multilayer perceptron technique with data input based on five discharge pulse form parameters, is examined. Simple discharge sources, consisting of artificially created cylindrical cavities with metallic and dielectric electrodes, are employed. The PD pattern discrimination capability is tested using cavities of equal depth but with different electrodes, and cavities of varying depths but with similar electrodes. Preliminary test results are positive. >


Europe accounts for the largest number of assisted reproduction treatments (ARTs) in the world, with 56 percent of the global reproductive market quota, followed by Asia (23 percent) and North America (15 percent). However, Europe's legal landscape of reproductive bio-commodities is a patchwork of permissive and restrictive countries, one of the main reasons for the transnational movement to access ARTs. Spain is the main destination for European middle- and upper-class couples seeking egg donation. The use of legislation has been a significant feature in making Spain a leading country in the global reproscape. This paper aims to understand the specific role of several undetermined legal concepts used by the Spanish regulation, such as "compensation" or "best interest of the child" in making global reproductive bio-commodities.


Abstract In this paper will be presented the influence of high temperatures on asphalt street pavement in terms of the influence of temperature on permanent deformations and thus the technical condition of the streets, comparable to the effects induced on extra-urban roads. Environmental factors are one of the mayn factors being assaulted in operation and road structures are very important in terms of the influence they can have on the state road transport technical infrastructure. Will be presented differences between urban road structures (streets) and extra-urban (road) both in terms of construction, the demands of traffic and environmental conditions to which they are subject. Road structures extra-urban and urban areas are required differently in terms of the environmental conditions of the location ambient different thereof, that is, when the streets they are inside localities and the built environment significantly affect road infrastructure, unlike in the case of roads where they are located just outside the settlements, reducing the effect of air currents accumulation pavement surface temperature. To demonstrate the influence of high temperatures on the pavement were conducted laboratory tests on asphalt mixtures in order to demonstrate the occurrence of reduction of physical characteristics, with adverse implications on the performance of applications similar to traffic.


A specific transport system for folate and a high-affinity folate-binding protein have been identified in pig intestinal brush-border membranes. To determine if the binding protein plays a role in folic acid (PteGlu) uptake in to the cell, the inactivation of folate binding and transport by N-hydroxysuccinimide esters of folic acid (NHS-PteGlu) was compared. In addition, the number of brush-border proteins modified by the affinity reagent was assessed. Brush-border vesicles were incubated with various concentrations of NHS-PteGlu or NHS-methotrexate. Transport and binding of [3H]PteGlu by the vesicles were measured at 37 and 4 degrees C respectively by using the vacuum-filtration technique. NHS-methotrexate and NHS-PteGlu specifically inhibited PteGlu transport. Incubating the vesicles with 1 microM-NHS-PteGlu inactivated [3H]PteGlu transport by 60% and binding by 80%. Half-maximal inhibition of both transport and binding was observed at similar concentrations of the affinity reagent (0.05 and 0.07 microM-NHS-PteGlu respectively). Treating the vesicles with radiolabelled NHS-PteGlu followed by gel electrophoresis and autoradiography revealed a specifically labelled protein with an Mr of 56,000. These results indicate that the intestinal folate-binding and transport proteins are identical and that the function of the folate-binding protein is to transport folate into the cell.


In order to solve the problem of storage and query for massive XML data, a method of efficient storage and parallel query for a massive volume of XML data with Hadoop is proposed. This method can store massive XML data in Hadoop and the massive XML data is divided into many XML data blocks and loaded on HDFS. The parallel query method of massive XML data is proposed, which uses parallel XPath queries based on multiple predicate selection, and the results of parallel query can satisfy the requirement of query given by the user. In this chapter, the map logic algorithm and the reduce logic algorithm based on parallel XPath queries based using MapReduce programming model are proposed, and the parallel query processing of massive XML data is realized. In addition, the method of MapReduce query optimization based on multiple predicate selection is proposed to reduce the data transfer volume of the system and improve the performance of the system. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by experiment.


A Bayesian approach was used to analyse household demand for staples in Nigeria within the framework of a multivariate double-hurdle model to account for censoring emanating from non-participation decisions. We demonstrate how to impose identification constraints in the probit equations and introduce a straightforward way of mapping observed and latent shares in the demand (share) equations to satisfy adding up restrictions. Demands for cereals, beans and tubers are own-price inelastic with values close to unity in the lowest income quintile. Cross-price elasticities indicate demand patterns characterised by a mix of gross substitutability and complementarity relationships among staple food subgroups. Presence of children and adolescents in the household as well as rural-urban and zonal (regional) differences exact significant influence on demand for staple foods. Total expenditure elasticities on staple food subgroups decline with higher income levels in line with Engel's law. Cereals and tubers are all necessary goods in the middle and highest income quintiles. However, they are luxury goods in the lowest income quintile. Our findings suggest that economic growth coupled with targeted interventions such as cash or food stamp transfer programmes are crucial for improved consumption of major staples and nutrition among households.


To clarify the potential of photochemical hole-burning memory systems, we study the theoretical recording-density limit of such systems. Shot noise and material noise are considered the principal noises. Material noise originates in fluctuations in the chromophore concentration. The recording-density limit proves to be proportional to (multiplicity)1/2 × (chromophore concentration)1/2 × (hole depth), approximately. It becomes clear that the recording spot diameter can be optimized to maximize the recording density. A molar extinction coefficient for a chromophore can be also optimized, and its value is ∼105 L/(mol cm) under the conditions of a 0.2 hole depth, 1000 multiplicity, and 10−2 mol/L choromophore concentration. When the readout time is 10 ns/bit and the signal-to-noise ratio is 20, in addition to the above conditions, the recording-density limit is calculated to be 26 Gbits/cm2. For this readout time the optimal recording spot diameter is ∼2 μm. When the readout time is less than ∼10 ns/bit, shot noise becomes the dominant noise; when the readout time is more than ∼50 ns/bit, the recording-density limit increases, and the influence of material noise becomes prominent.


In this rigorous investigation into the logic of truth Anil Gupta and Nuel Belnap explain how the concept of truth works in both ordinary and pathological contexts. The latter include, for instance, contexts that generate Liar Paradox. Their central claim is that truth is a circular concept. In support of this claim they provide a widely applicable theory (the "revision theory") of circular concepts. Under the revision theory, when truth is seen as circular both its ordinary features and its pathological features fall into a simple understandable pattern. The Revision Theory of Truth is unique in placing truth in the context of a general theory of definitions. This theory makes sense of arbitrary systems of mutually interdependent concepts, of which circular concepts, such as truth, are but a special case.


Two siblings with typical manifestations of whistling face (Freeman-Sheldon) syndrome (WFS) born to unaffected parents are presented. In Case 1, deep-set eyes, epicanthus, blepharophimosis, right lid ptosis, strabismus, anti mongoloid slant, small mouth, mask-like face, high-arched palate, nasal speech, dysphagia, kyphosis and minimal scoliosis were noted, while Case 2 displayed blepharophimosis, mask-like face, long philtrum, high-arched palate, scoliosis, bilateral post-axial polydactyly of the feet and pes varus. We corrected the blepharophimosis in Case 1 by bilateral canthotomy and canthoplasty. This syndrome is usually inherited as an autosomal dominant trait; however, some authors have reported an autosomal an autosomal recessive form of this syndrome similar to our cases. Nevertheless, this could be explained by genetic expression of the mutant gene.


Background: Neuropathic arthropathy of the elbow is rare and characterized by a painless but unstable articulation. The functional capacity of patients with this condition has not been reviewed in detail. Methods: Five male patients, with an average age of fifty-one years, were treated for neuropathic arthropathy of the elbow. The underlying conditions associated with the arthropathy included syringomyelia, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, end-stage renal failure, and two cases of polyneuropathy of unknown cause. Four patients sought medical attention after a specific traumatic event. Peripheral sensory and motor dysfunction was present in each patient. Radiographs of the elbow revealed dislocation, fracture fragmentation, and heterotopic ossification. Our management of the neuropathic elbows centered on maintenance of a functional arc of motion through physical therapy aimed at regaining muscle strength and the use of orthoses for support. Operative treatment was performed for an associated ulnar or radial nerve compression syndrome in three patients, and an open reduction and internal fixation of an unstable proximal ulnar nonunion associated with loose implants was performed in one. Results: The patients were followed for an average of nineteen months, with a range of twelve to thirty-six months. All patients had a pain-free elbow with a functional range of motion at the most recent follow-up examination, and none wished to have further treatment. The operatively treated ulnar nonunion united successfully. All three patients treated surgically for an associated nerve compression syndrome had recovery of nerve function. Conclusion: In the face of instability and gross distortion of the joint, the patients in this series demonstrated remarkably good function.


Food systems in low and middle income countries are changing rapidly in response to economic and market developments, environmental impacts, and dietary changes. Within this context, informed policy and sustainable development processes are needed to shape climate-smart and resilient food systems for food and nutrition security at farming household level. This research project aimed to a) explore the complexity of the contextual dynamics in which smallholder farming households operate; and b) contribute to a better conceptual understanding of commercial food production strategies in relation to consumption choices. A literature review was conducted, exploring both scientific and grey literature, in parallel to consultation rounds with a multidisciplinary team of agronomists, economists, nutritionists and international development specialists to explore existing insights, align available expertise, and find common ground on how to create a useful framework that would fit the specific interests and expertise of each of the actors involved. Key elements for our framework were preliminary drawn from existing frameworks. A number of - non-exclusive - pathways were identified. These include subsistence-oriented production for the household's own consumption (source of food), whereby women – as producers as well as care takers - are seen as the crucial agents for household food security and health outcomes; production for sale in markets (source of income); and agricultural policies (national and global), affecting a range of supply and demand factors that establish the price of marketed food and non-food crops (food price policies). The important characteristics for the framework for viable commercial agriculture and consumption of nutritious foods evolve around different aggregation levels: the individual (gender and power dynamics), the household (household food production, income generation, food purchase choices, care practices, access to health care), the community (employment opportunity, collaboration, microfinance, care and social (infra)structure), and the regional/nation (price and trade policy) level.


ABSTRACT Previously unpublished information from John Ross's expedition of 1829–33 to the Canadian Arctic indicates that Netsilik Inuit at that time manufactured and used clay-based ceramic pots. Additional published ethnohistoric and ethnographic sources indicate that the Sadlermiut Inuit, and probably the Utkuhikjalik and Qaernerimiut Inuit, also possessed ceramic technology. Considered in conjunction with survival characteristics of pottery, this suggests that the Thule ceramic complex was not restricted to early stages of Thule culture (AD 1000–1200) in the Eastern Arctic, but, at least in some areas, continued through to the early Historic period.