This thesis argues that the production and form of the material text influenced the communication and reception of women's prophetic discourse in England from 1640–1660. During this turbulent era, claims to divine inspiration enabled hundreds of women to participate in religious and political debate. The resulting discourse, broadly conceived as prophetic, was recorded and published in various print and manuscript texts, allowing readers to encounter the female prophet on the page. This thesis asks: how and by whom were these textual objects produced? Additionally, how might a prophecy's material textual features – such as its binding, typography and page arrangement ¬– influence a reader's interpretation of the prophetic message? These questions are explored through four case studies focusing on Grace Cary, Anna Trapnel, Sarah Wight and Eleanor Davies. Over the past forty years, critics have considered the ways in which prophetic texts framed women such as Cary, Trapnel, Wight and Davies as authoritative messengers of God's word. Much of this scholarship has focused on the signifying role of feminised bodies, since prophetic legitimacy is often associated with corporeal weakness and receptivity to the divine Other. This thesis, however, shifts this critical focus from the body of the female prophet to the body of the text by offering the first extended bibliographic study of seventeenth-century women's prophecy. This approach enables an extension and reframing of previous understandings of the mediation and authority of women's spiritual discourse. An analysis of the material text reveals that prophecy's textual objects frequently contain signs of their co-creation by multiple bodies (including printers and readers) and stage plural interventions across various copies and editions. This thesis argues that these multiple, co-created texts are not neutral mediators. Prophecy on the page is received in ways shaped and revealed by the form and production of its material texts.


Ian Anderson lived near Heathrow from 1946 until 1960. As a Chartered Civil & Structural Engineer, he has combined his love of buildings' and structures' history with his enduring interest in aircraft to compile this history of Heathrow, from when it opened in 1946 up to the present day. The airport has altered beyond recognition since its earliest years when the first flights used temporary tents for arrivals and departures. Today, the airport has five terminals, a brand new control tower and plans for further expansion. Heathrow plans to spent GBP600 million each year between 2014 and 2019 for upgrading operations, yet potential plans to build a third runway are hotly contested, despite the airport almost operating at full capacity. Heathrow is one of the busiest airports in the world, seeing on average 191,200 passengers arriving and departing every day. Additionally, it hosts eighty-four airlines and serves 184 destinations. Although thought of as a place of transition by many, it also directly employs some 45,000 people, which will continue to grow with the recent and future developments.


Strong rural-urban linkages are increasingly seen as key to achieving sustainable livelihoods and food security in developing countries. However, not all linkages are positive and, although this is recognised in literature, few explore their potential unfavorable characteristics. Based on twelve weeks fieldwork in Guatemala this paper aims to contribute in four ways. Firstly, it details the extent of rural-urban linkages in the lives of ordinary Guatemalans, the reasons for their existence and the contribution they make to food security. Secondly, it highlights the existence of rural-urban criminal networks that negatively impact livelihoods and food security. Thirdly, it illustrates how poor quality linkages in government administration and service provision render them ineffective in alleviating food insecurity and malnutrition. Finally, by focusing on the case of Coca-Cola, it illustrates how extensive rural-urban networks of processed food and drink companies bring with them economic benefits, but adversely affect food security and nutrition through a number of mechanisms. The paper concludes that in order to better design policies aimed at improving livelihoods, food security and nutrition, the growth of rural-urban linkages in different spheres of private and public life should be analysed for its negative as well as positive contributions.


The b-HLH family protein Mesp1 sits on the top of the regulatory hierarchy of factors that govern cardiac specification. Ectopic expression of Mesp1 drives precocious appearance of cardiac progenitors, while ablation of Mesp1 and its close genetic relative Mesp2 completely blocked the emergence of heart in mouse embryos. Despite its central importance in cardiac specification, the regulation of Mesp1 is largely unknown. In this study, we show several lines of evidences supporting that beta-catenin and Oct4 cooperate in regulating Mesp1 induction. (1) A conserved TCF/Lef-Oct4 composite binding site is identified near the transcription start site of Mesp1. (2) beta-catenin and Oct4 each activates a Mesp1-Luciferase reporter, with beta-catenin being more potent; while together, beta-catenin and Oct4 synergize in activating the Mesp1-Luciferase reporter. Point mutations within the TCF/Lef-Oct4 binding site impair reporter activation by beta-catenin. (3) beta-catenin and Oct4 individually binds to an oligo covering the putative TCF/Lef-Oct4 binging site on Mesp1 promoter, and together they form a ternary complex, as detected by electrophoresis mobility shift assays. (4) Mesp1 induction is absent in cells with null alleles of beta-catenin, or conditional null alleles of Oct4. (5) While a 6K promoter of Mesp1 effectively drives expression of a lacZ reporter at E7.5, mutants affecting the TCF/Lef-Oct4 binding site fail to do so, in transient transgenic assays. Together, our results show that the cooperation between beta-catenin and Oct4, for Mesp1 transcription and cardiac specification substantiate a novel regulatory mechanism governing cell fate determination and cardiac development, which also explain the mechanism of well-established roles of each factor in mesoderm formation and heart development. Such knowledge may be used to establish new technology to generate cardiac cells for therapeutic purposes.


Most recent work on semantic analysis of natural language has focused on "shallow" semantics such as word-sense disambiguation and semantic role labeling. Our work addresses a more ambitious task we call semantic parsing where natural language sentences are mapped to complete formal meaning representations. We present our system SCISSOR based on a statistical parser that generates a semanticallyaugmented parse tree (SAPT), in which each internal node has both a syntactic and semantic label. A compositional-semantics procedure is then used to map the augmented parse tree into a final meaning representation. Training the system requires sentences annotated with augmented parse trees. We evaluate the system in two domains, a natural-language database interface and an interpreter for coaching instructions in robotic soccer. We present experimental results demonstrating that SCISSOR produces more accurate semantic representations than several previous approaches on long sentences. In the future, we intend to pursue several directions in developing more accurate semantic parsing algorithms and automating the annotation process. This work will involve exploring alternative tree representations for better generalization in parsing. We also plan to apply discriminative reranking methods to semantic parsing, which allows exploring arbitrary, potentially correlated features not usable by the baseline learner. We also propose to design a method for automating the SAPT-generation process to alleviate the extra annotation work currently required for training SCISSOR. Finally, we will investigate the impact of different statistical syntactic parsers on semantic parsing using the automated SAPT-generation process.


In the strive of understanding how different parameters affects the vibration properties and the characteristics of the sound emanating from a violin, i.e. what makes a good violin good, numerical methods as FEM (finite element method) and BEM (boundary element method) are used. Numerical models of whole violins and/or part of it is created and studied. Crucial for the results from these studies is the correctness of the input data for the numerical analysis. One important group of input data is the wooden material parameters for the part of the violin subjected to analysis. In this study a new method for determining these important material parameters for blanks for violin tops is proposed. In the proposed method a FEM-code is linked together with a stochastic optimization algorithm in order to, in an automatic fashion, determine the material parameters. The method requires the geometrical dimensions, the density, and measured normal modes for the blank and it consider the fact that the Young's modulus in the axial direction varies with respect to the radial direction.


As the spread of broadband internet access, the online Internet video becomes popular in our daily life. The search engine is an important tool for users to access online video, resulting in considerable traffic on the video websites. In this work, we statistically analyze the video access log provided by a large scale video search engine, and validate that the aggregated views of online video from the search engine is diurnally regular. Furthermore, we find the probability of abrupt surge or disappearance of views is significantly high, having a percentage of 20% all videos. The results also show that 30% of them are spike that indicates that an accessing surge of views is followed by an immediate and abrupt falling. Such a result renders the big challenge how the website providers can satisfy the quality of service in providing their videos to users during the surging period. The online video access also indicates the social behaviors of the corresponding social group. These results are revealed by studying the querying string at the search engine. These results can be useful for the website developer to optimize the video system by allocating appropriate system resources according to the accessing habits of the users.


The microfloral changes of irradiated petrale sole fillets during anaerobic (vacuum-packed in cans) refrigerated storage was determined by the identification of 1,260 microbial isolates to the generic level. The samples were irradiated at 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 Mrad from a cobalt-60 gamma source, stored at 0.5 C, and examined periodically for spoilage and total microbial population and composition. The preirradiation flora consisted of Achromobacter, Micrococcus, Pseudomonas, coryneforms, Lactobacillus, and Flavobacterium. Immediately after irradiation, Micrococcus, Achromobacter, coryneforms, and Bacillus were predominant. After storage under vacuum, the spoilage flora of the nonirradiated petrale sole was predominantly Pseudomonas; the spoilage flora of the 0.1-Mrad irradiated samples consisted of Pseudomonas and Lactobacillus; and that of the 0.2-, 0.3-, and 0.4-Mrad samples was almost entirely Lactobacillus.


Background. The aim of the study was to identify links between health literacy, health information literacy and physical activity as well as body mass index in adolescents.Methods. The study was carried out from September till the end of November, 2018. Research participants were 167 14–18-year-old students from Kaunas, Klaipeda and Vilnius (n = 107 females, n = 60 males). Participants were asked to fill in an anonymous online questionnaire, which consisted of basic demographics, physical activity, health information literacy and health literacy. Adolescents' body mass index was calculated using ISO-BMI calculations. Physical activity was assessed by Petronytė's physical activity questionnaire. To determine adolescents' everyday health information literacy, we used self-assessed 10-item screening tool (EHIL-10) and to determine health literacy, we used Newest Vital Sign (NVS) screening test. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 23.0 program for Windows.Results. Health literacy did not have association with body mass index or the level of physical activity. Health literacy scores gave important data of the level of health literacy. The scores indicated that 21.6% of Lithuanian adolescents had adequate level of health literacy. It was found that age correlated positively with health literacy. Self-assessed everyday health information literacy was higher since 85% of the students had medium high or high level of health information literacy. The data revealed that adolescents were not sure where they could find health related information and who they could trust in health-related issues. For males, finding health information and knowing who they could trust in health issues was easier than for females. Health information literacy did not have association with ISO-BMI. Sufficient evaluation of health-related information was higher among normally weighted adolescents. Physically active students had higher health information literacy and participation in sports club activities had positive relation with better health information literacy. Additionally, involvement in organized activities associated with superior understanding of terms and sentences of health information. Evaluation of health information was higher among those who were actively involved in organized physical activities.Conclusions. Health information literacy did not have association with ISO-BMI. Those, who were involved in sports club activities or were more actively involved in organized physical activities had better health information literacy and evaluation of health information. Nevertheless, there was no connection between health literacy and physical activity. Keywords: health literacy, health information literacy, physical activity, body mass index.


We evaluate the Brillouin frequency shift (BFS) determination error when using the Brillouin phase spectrum (BPS) instead of the Brillouin gain spectrum (BGS) in BOTDA setups. We compare the error obtained in the BFS determination in both cases, both with theoretical arguments and experimental data. In comparison to the gain, for an equal SNR and linewidth, the phase generally provides a better fit of the BFS for smaller frequency spans. This result opens a possible way to reduce the measurement time of certain BOTDA systems by using the phase feature.


Universities play a key role in higher education in the fields of learning, production of new knowledge, innovation, economy and satisfaction of social needs. The administration of the university, the way it is exercised, the objectives and the degree to which it promotes their implementation are critical factors in the success of universities. The theories of university leadership developed in recent years emphasize effectiveness of academic institutions through the development of communication, organizational culture and the involvement of members of the university community in university administration. Many reformers believe that the effectiveness of university leadership is the key to the adaptation of universities in a changing world and therefore to the reforms necessary to achieve their objectives. But the effectiveness of leadership in universities is intertwined with a leadership that is not limited to creating better organizational structures, but must also promote change through consensus and the interaction of all factors in the university community. The article will examine the various forms of educational leadership encountered in educational institutions and especially transformational leadership which in the field of higher education is a means of encouraging democratic - consensual practices effectively. In addition, we will refer to the role of academic leaders and how they contribute to the effective functioning of an educational organization with simultaneous application of a democratic form of leadership and the characteristics it should have in order to achieve its objectives.


Abstract. Complex microbial communities facilitate iron and methane
transformations in anoxic methanic sediments of freshwater lakes, such as
Lake Kinneret (the Sea of Galilee, Israel). The phylogenetic and functional
diversity of these consortia are not fully understood, and it is not clear
which lineages perform iron reduction and anaerobic oxidation of methane
(AOM). Here, we investigated microbial communities from both natural Lake
Kinneret iron-rich methanic sediments (>20 cm depth) and
iron-amended slurry incubations from this zone using metagenomics, focusing
on functions associated with iron reduction and methane cycling. Analyses of
the phylogenetic and functional diversity indicate that consortia of archaea
(mainly Bathyarchaeia, Methanomicrobia, Thermoplasmata, and Thermococci) and
bacteria (mainly Chloroflexi (Chloroflexota), Nitrospirae (Nitrospirota), and
Proteobacteria) perform key metabolic reactions such as amino acid uptake
and dissimilation, organic matter fermentation, and methanogenesis. The
Deltaproteobacteria, especially Desulfuromondales (Desulfuromonadota), have
the potential to transfer electrons extracellularly either to iron mineral
particles or to microbial syntrophs, including methanogens. This is likely
via transmembrane cytochromes, outer-membrane hexaheme c-type cytochrome
(OmcS) in particular, or pilin monomers (PilA), all of which were attributed to this
lineage. Bona fide anaerobic oxidizers of methane (ANME) and denitrifying
methanotrophs Methylomirabilia (NC10) may mediate AOM in these methanogenic
sediments; however we also consider the role of methanogens in active AOM or
back flux of methanogenesis. Putative aerobes, such as methane-oxidizing
bacteria Methylomonas and their methylotrophic syntrophs Methylotenera, are found among the anaerobic
lineages in Lake Kinneret iron-amended slurries and are also involved in the
oxidation of methane or its intermediates, as suggested previously. We
propose a reaction model for the metabolic interactions in these sediments,
linking the potential players that interact via intricate metabolic
tradeoffs and direct electron transfer between species. Our results
highlight the metabolic complexity of microbial communities in an
energy-limited environment, where aerobe and anaerobe communities may
co-exist and facilitate AOM as one strategy for survival.


From the Cloister to the State examines the French order of Fontevraud, one of the largest monastic networks under female leadership in medieval and early modern Europe.
Founded in 1100 and comprised of both monks and nuns, the order had grown to consist of at least seventy-eight priories by the late Middle Ages. Endowed with vast territorial possessions throughout western France, Fontevraud became one of the most powerful religious institutions in the country. However, unaware of its institutional might and economic wealth, scholars have tended to focus on Fontevraud's seemingly unusual gender hierarchy, while bypassing inquiries on practices of abbatial authority in Fontevraud and beyond. This book reveals medieval Fontevraud as an aristocratic cloister where noble women governed. It also discusses the value of Fontevraud's extensive network for the geopolitical ambitions of the dukes of Brittany, the counts of Bourbon-Vendome, and, during the Wars of Religion, the kings of France. In addition to Fontevraud's political role during the Wars of Religion, the book also examines the order's reforms implemented by Marie de Bretagne and her successors Renee and Louise de Bourbon-Vendome. These Bourbon abbesses centralized the order's administration, cut the ties between priories and local aristocratic families, and successfully established the Bourbon-Vendomes as the only patrons of the vast and wealthy network.
This book is essential reading for scholars and students of medieval and early modern history, as well as those interested in political history and the history of religion.


Temperature measurements of the human cervix uteri were made at various locations by a direct-contact thermistor probe. These measurements were compared to both colposcopic findings and histologic examination of tissue biopsies. A correlation between loci of temperature elevation and tissue abnormality was found; however, the measurements were not able to predict the severity of this abnormality.


Introduction
 AMV564 is a bivalent T cell engager that targets CD33 on leukemic blasts and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). In a phase 1 study in relapsed/refractory AML patients, AMV564 administered by continuous intravenous infusion for 14 consecutive days over a 28 day cycle was well-tolerated and demonstrated anti-leukemic activity including bone marrow blast reductions in 17 of 35 efficacy evaluable patients (Westervelt P et al. Blood. 2019;134:834). In a phase 1 study in solid tumor patients, AMV564 administered by subcutaneous route via a daily injection was well tolerated with evidence of clinical activity (Starodub A et al. J Clin Oncol. 2020;38:3101) and a preliminary half-life of 58 hours, supporting transition to a more patient-friendly daily injection for future clinical studies in selected AML patients.
 The bivalent structure of AMV564 promotes more potent binding to clustered CD33, such as that found in lipid raft regions or active signaling configurations. CD33 is an active signaling molecule on immature and immune suppressive myeloid cells such as MDSC (Chen CL et al. J Clin Invest. 2013;123:4595-611) with no apparent role on differentiated myeloid cells, but less is known about the configuration of CD33 on leukemic blasts. While CD33 is broadly expressed by leukemic blasts, the degree and homogeneity of expression can vary. The binding of AMV564 to leukemic blasts and primary human myeloid cells and impact on T cell mediated cytotoxicity was thus further explored, and novel assays for evaluation of patient samples were developed.
 Methods
 AML cell lines, primary human cells, and patient samples were analyzed using flow cytometry with appropriate marker panels including AMV564, which was directly labeled (phycoerythrin) or detected with labeled anti-AMV564 antibodies. T cell cytotoxicity assays were conducted using primary human T cells and leukemic blasts or other target cells (3:1 ratio) for 48 or 72 hours.
 Results
 Results from flow cytometry assays of cell binding by AMV564 were similar whether using phycoerythrin-labeled AMV564 or a labeled anti-AMV564 antibody. AMV564 showed consistent binding characteristics for many leukemic blast lines (largely of M2 FAB subtype); however, substantial differences in binding were detected between the KG1 myeloid cell line (M2 FAB subtype) and the KG1a cell line (M0 FAB subtype) that represents a morphologically and functionally less mature state than the parental KG1. At saturating concentrations (10 nM), there was >10-fold less binding of AMV564 to KG1a vs KG1, whereas a reagent CD33 antibody (WM53) had a similar binding profile for each cell line (Figure 1). The difference in AMV564 binding between these two cell lines is reflected in the cytotoxic potency of AMV564, with a 17.6-fold difference in EC50 (0.42 pM for KG1 vs 7.39 pM for KG1a, Figure 2). AMV564 can engage CD8 and CD4 T cells to drive target-dependent killing and the difference in potency against KG1 vs KG1a was observed using both CD8 and CD4 T cells. Similarly, whereas purified naïve CD8 T cells killed KG1 effectively with AMV564, there was almost no cytotoxicity against KG1a. T cell proliferation was proportional to cytotoxicity in these assays, with much larger increases in proliferating cells apparent with KG1 target cells. There was little or no detectable AMV564 binding or killing of autologous monocytes or neutrophils. The AMV564 binding assay is compatible with primary human samples and analysis of residual samples from patients enrolled in the phase 1 AML study is underway to assess the degree of CD33 clustering on leukemic blasts and associations with response.
 Conclusions
 AMV564 demonstrated a high degree of selectivity across the myeloid lineage in a novel binding assay using labeled drug, and there was little or no evidence of cytotoxicity against differentiated myeloid cells such as neutrophils and monocytes. Furthermore, significant differences in potency across AML blasts were observed, which could be further impacted by the available T cells. While AMV564 has demonstrated anti-leukemic activity across an unselected relapsed/refractory AML population, this novel assay could be used to select patients in whom blasts are expressing CD33 in a predominantly clustered configuration, and thus identify patients most likely to experience deeper and more durable responses with AMV564 monotherapy.

 Sarde: Amphivena Therapeutics: Current Employment, Current equity holder in private company. Eckard:Amphivena Therapeutics: Current Employment, Current equity holder in private company. Mei:Amphivena Therapeutics: Current Employment, Current equity holder in private company. Ruegg:Amphivena Therapeutics: Current Employment, Current equity holder in private company. Chun:Amphivena Therapeutics: Current Employment, Current equity holder in private company. Smith:Amphivena Therapeutics: Current Employment, Current equity holder in private company.


A two-dimensional stochastic seismic model of the crustal cross section exposed in the Strona-Ceneri and Ivrea zones, northern Italy, was derived from geologic maps and petrophysical data with techniques used in microfabric analysis. The model has a layered self-affine structure, which agrees with the intrinsic scale independence of geologic phenomena. Synthetic seismograms from this model replicate many pertinent features observed in deep seismic reflection data and allow insight into crustal structure: (1) reflectivity depends on the lithological populations present and their distribution within a crustal unit; (2) transparent zones within the reflective lower crust can arise from metamorphic reactions; (3) the transition from upper to lower crust may be a change in small-scale seismic fabric rather than a first-order seismic discontinuity.


Abstract The crystal structure of synthetic Ni-rich tourmaline with a nickel content of 18.96 wt.% NiO (a = 15.890(2), c = 7.1815(8) Å) has been refined to R = 3.1% using single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. It has been shown that Ni is distributed not only over the Y, but also over the Z sites according to the ideal formula Na(Ni2+2 Al)(Al5Ni2+)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)4. Based on bond valences and charge balance analysis it has been shown that this composition corresponds to the stable disordered member of the solid solution series NaAl3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(O)3(OH) - NaNi2+3 Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)4. Taking into consideration available structural data on Me2+ (Ni, Cu, Co, Fe, Mn)-rich tourmalines, cation-size mismatch and bond-valence calculations we assume that there are no structural constraints precluding occurrence of these cations in both octahedral sites. Divalent transitional metal-rich tourmalines have not been found in Nature probably due to the insufficient concentration of these elements in B-rich geological systems.


Obesity represents an important risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD), due to its known strong association with diabetes mellitus and hypertension, the two major causes of CKD, but also as an independent renal risk factor. This direct relationship between obesity and kidney injury has been undervalued. The aim of this revisión is to point out the mechanisms of kidney injury induced by obesity, underline the importance of this association and alert for the prevention, education and treatment of the obese patient, as a way to control this heavy modifiable risk factor.


Modern Voice-over-IP (VoIP) communication systems provide a bundle of services to their users. These services range from the most basic voice-based services such as voice calls and voicemail to more advanced ones such as conferencing, voicemail-to-text, and online address books. Besides voice, modern VoIP systems provide video calls and video conferencing, presence, instant messaging (IM), and even desktop sharing services. These systems also let their users establish a voice, video, or a text session with devices in cellular, public switched telephone network (PSTN), or other VoIP networks.
The peer-to-peer (p2p) paradigm for building VoIP systems involves minimal or no use of managed servers and is therefore attractive from an administrative and economic perspective. However, the benefits of using p2p paradigm in VoIP systems are not without their challenges. First, p2p communication (VoIP) systems can be deployed in environments with varying requirements of scalability, connectivity, security, interoperability, and performance. These requirements bring forth the question of designing open and standardized protocols for diverse deployments. Second, the presence of restrictive network address translators (NATs) and firewalls prevents machines from directly exchanging packets and is problematic from the perspective of establishing direct media sessions. The p2p communication systems address this problem by using an intermediate peer with unrestricted connectivity to relay the session or by preferring the use of TCP. This technique for addressing connectivity problems raises questions about the reliability and session quality of p2p communication systems compared with the traditional client-server VoIP systems. Third, while administrative overheads are likely to be lower in running p2p communication systems as compared to client-server, can the same be said about the energy efficiency? Fourth, what type of techniques can be used to gain insights into the performance of a deployed p2p VoIP system like Skype?
The thesis addresses the challenges in designing, building, and analyzing peer-to-peer communication systems. The thesis presents Peer-to-Peer Protocol (P2PP), an open protocol for building p2p communication systems with varying operational requirements. P2PP is now part of the IETF's P2PSIP protocol and is on track to become an RFC. The thesis describes the design and implementation of OpenVoIP, a proof-of-concept p2p communication system to demonstrate the feasibility of P2PP and to explore issues in building p2p communication systems. The thesis introduces a simple and novel analytical model for analyzing the reliability of peer-to-peer communication systems and analyzes the feasibility of TCP for sending real-time traffic. The thesis then analyzes the energy efficiency of peer-to-peer and client-server VoIP systems and shows that p2p VoIP systems are less energy efficient than client-server even if the peers consume a small amount of energy for running the p2p network. Finally, the thesis presents an analysis of the Skype protocol which indicates that Skype is free-riding on the network bandwidth of universities.


The aim of this paper is to prove coding theorems for the wiretap channel and secret key agreement based on the the notion of a hash property for an ensemble of functions. These theorems imply that codes using sparse matrices can achieve the optimal rate. Furthermore, fixed-r ate universal coding theorems for a wiretap channel and a secret key agreement are also proved.


Costs to parents of hospitalised children have been extensively explored, from financial costs to psychological, social and emotional costs. No matter what perspective is taken an admission to hospital of a child means added cost to any family's budget. For those whose income is dependent on a low wage, or welfare, costs of such an event take up a larger proportion of an income than for families from well-to-do backgrounds. In this paper, we explore the potential impact on a family budget of costs of parking and meals incurred during a child's admission to hospital. To determine costs, a survey was conducted at food outlets to examine types and availability of meals, opening times, proximity to wards and the cost of average types of meals on offer at different facilities. Costs of parking were determined. We took income figures for a family from the website of the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS). An estimate of the costs of food and parking to support one parent to remain with the child was at least 30% of the average weekly family disposable income. For one-parent families, their income is significantly proportionally depleted by covering costs of food and parking for an accompanying parent. We recommend that parents be provided with meals whilst staying with their hospitalised child; that provision be made to allow families to eat together and that free parking be made available to all parents.


Over three decades, community-based wildlife management (CBWM) has been promoted as a promising option for achieving biodiversity conservation and community development. From the outset, different development partners have facilitated implementation of this process. However, studies on its effectiveness are limited, and the reported outcomes are mixed. In this study, I used qualitative methods (interviews, focus group discussion, informal interviews, direct observations, and secondary data) to assess the performance of the CWBM approach in Tanzania in view of its contribution to sustainable natural resource management and enhanced local livelihoods. The study used the Wami Mbiki Wildlife Management Area (WMA) as a case study. While the CBWM scheme was designed to achieve dual objectives, this study found that the resultant efforts, in this case, were largely unsuccessful following the end of donor support in 2011. The WMA lacks effective anti-poaching patrols, leading to increased illegal activities, such as poaching, overgrazing, tree cutting, and charcoal burning. Although the community-based organization was successfully established as an institution to provide leadership in natural resource management and tourism development, some key actors still lack necessary entrepreneurship and managerial skills, transparency, and good relationships to ensure its success and sustainability.


A previously unrecognized sinistral shear event recently has been identified in Silurian–Devonian rocks of the Millimagassett Lake region, north-central Maine, USA. This event predates the 'classic' Early-Mid-Devonian Acadian orogeny of the region, yet affects rocks as young as Early Devonian. The Millimagassett Lake sinistral shear zone places significant time constraints on an early phase of Acadian tectonics that may well extend throughout the northern and Newfoundland Appalachians.


Abstract : The results of an experimental investigation of supersonic flows past bodies of revolution with annular recesses of various lengths by means of a wind tunnel in the Mach ranges M = 1.79 to 3.69 and Re = 290,000 to 1,050,000 for 1 cm are presented. Various cylindrical models 6 to 60 mm in diameter with conical forward sections and with annular recesses of different lengths and depths were considered. The length of the recess 1 sub cr called critical for which the flows changed from flows with one to flows with two stagnation regions and also its ratio to its depth were determined experimentally from schlieren photographs. An attempt was made to establish the relationship between 1 sub cr/h and M and Re. The results of measurements on aerodynamic drag confirmed the conclusions from an analysis of the available data stating that the transition from the first to the second type of flow is accompanied by a jump-type increase in drag, thus an increase in the diameter of the rear cylinder in the region 1 sub cr may lead to a decrease in drag, and vice versa. The transition from the first type of flow to the second occurs in a quite narrow range of the value K1 sub cr/L = 12 to 22, where k is the coefficient accounting for the curvature of the model. (Author)


EDITOR, I would like to comment on the paper by MacLaren et all reporting the use of radionuclide imaging to determine gastric emptying during exercise. In their study they could not detect any difference in the rates of emptying of a 5% glucose solution and an isoosmotic maltodextrin solution that appears to contain -20% carbohydrate. There is a large body of evidence, accumulated over many years, that shows that carbohydrate concentration has a greater effect on the gastric emptying rate than osmolality within this concentration range.' The findings of this study therefore require examination. It is known that single field scans, without correction for tissue attenuation, result in significant errors of measurement,3 and may well be the reason for the extremely variable emptying patterns shown in figs 2 and 3 of MacLaren' s paper. The use ofAUC values to compare emptying rates gives no indication of the shape of the emptying curves and reduces the sensitivity of the technique. I am curious to know what units are used in reporting the AUC values. Without a measure of the sensitivity of this modification of the scintigraphic technique, or an indication of the power of the study, the value of this paper is debatable. I would suggest that the main conclusion of this study is not that the method was repeatable, but that it is not sensitive enough to detect differences in gastric emptying rates between 5% and 20% carbohydrate solutions.


The emergence ofnongovernmental organizations over the past three decades has been a positive addition to the political mix and public policy processes in Africa. Indeed, the proliferation of NGOs relationship with states in Africa can pave the way for increased governmental responsiveness and accountability. The analysis suggests that NGOs can be more effective in influencing public policy if they become aware of the policy environment and move away from a project orientation to a mobilization ofother policy actors. Also, they must go beyond individual agendas and long-established roles to identify some emerging approaches to local development and resource management. which will increase their capacities for innovative political action favorable for participatory development.


Thermal analysis is typically executed with multiple tools in a series of separate steps for performing radiation analysis, generating conduction and capacitance data, and for solving temperatures. This multitude of programs often leads to many user files that become unmanageable with their multitude, and the user often looses track as to which files go with which cases. In addition to combining the output from multiple programs, current processes often involve the user inputting various hand calculations into the math model to account for MLI/Insulation and contact conductance between entities. These calculations are not only tedious to make, but users often forget to update them when the geometry is changed. Several new features of Thermal Desktop are designed to automate some of the tedious tasks that thermal engineers now practice. To start with, Thermal Desktop is a single program that does radiation analysis, generates conduction/capacitance data and automates the building of a SINDA/FLUINT model to solve for temperatures. Some of these new features of Thermal Desktop are Radiation Analysis Groups, Property Aliases, MLI/Insulation Objects, Contact Conductance Objects, Model Browser, and the Case Set Manager. This paper describes the application and benefits of Thermal Desktop along with other unique features used to automate the thermal analysis process.


This paper proposes the use of an improved covariate unit root test which exploits the cross-sectional dependence information when the panel data null hypothesis of a unit root is rejected. More explicitly, to increase the power of the test, we suggest the utilization of more than one covariate and offer several ways to select the 'best' covariates from the set of potential covariates represented by the individuals in the panel. Employing our methods, we investigate the Prebish-Singer hypothesis for nine commodity prices. Our results show that this hypothesis holds for all but the price of petroleum.


Local self-government units in the Republic of Croatia own a large number of different types of property. Real estate represents the most valuable form of income in the non-financial property portfolio. It is considered property of the highest value, which is disposed of and managed by the cities. Such real estateis the indirect ownership of all citizens, making the insurance of its effective management important. This paper shows the poor use of real estate as a city's source of financing, reflected in the indicator of return which the cities realise on the basis of the real estate in their ownership. Using panel regression, the paperempirically explores the indicators of return on real estate in Croatian cities in the period between 2005 and 2017, with particular emphasis on the quality of city administration as an important indicator of the utilisation of real estate. Due to the lack of credible and publicly available indicators on the quality of the cities' administration, this paper uses the number of entrepreneurs per capita as a proxy variable for the quality of the cities' administration. This approach is based on the Tiebout model of foot voting.


Let $\{X_i\}$ be a sequence of independent, identically distributed nondegenerate random variables and $S_n = \sum^n_{i = 1}X_i$. We consider the question for various centering sequences $\{\alpha_n\}$: when is it possible to find a positive, monotone sequence $\{\beta_n\}$ such that $\lim \sup \beta^{-1}_n (S_n - \alpha_n) = c$ a.s., $c$ a finite nonzero constant? If $\alpha_n = \operatorname{med} S_n$, we obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for this. An important corollary is a one-sided version of the Hartman-Wintner law of the iterated logarithm: if $E(X^+)^2 < \infty$, then it is always possible to find such a norming sequence. Explicit norming sequences are given which are easy to obtain. Necessary and sufficient conditions are also given for being able to find a norming sequence $\{\beta_n\}$ for the two-sided problem $(\lim \sup \beta^{-1}_n |S_n - \alpha_n| = c$ a.s.) when $\alpha_n = ES_n$ and $\alpha_n = 0$. The two-sided problem with $\alpha_n = \operatorname{med} S_n$ was solved by Kesten. The one-sided problem remains open for $\alpha_n = ES_n$ and $\alpha_n = 0$. Examples are given which illustrate the advantage of considering different centering sequences. A one-sided version of Strassen's converse to the law of the iterated logarithm is also given: if $\lim \sup S_n/ \sqrt{2n \log \log n} = 1$ a.s., then $EX = 0, EX^2 = 1$.


Absctract: The 1982-83 El Nino event produced a high coral mortality (50-90%) in several localities in the Eastern Tropical Pacific, which resulted in an outbreak of the sea urchin populations of Diadema mexicanum A. Agassiz, 1863 in some reefs, leading to an increase in coral framework bioerosion. In Costa Rica, El Nino impact varied among three of the most important coral reefs localities, being higher in Cocos Island, moderate in Cano Island, and lower in Culebra Bay; D. mexicanum densities followed the same pattern. To understand the historic role of this sea urchin on the balance between bioerosion and bioacretion, we made a reconstruction of bioerosion impact based on current patterns of carbonate ingestion by the sea urchins, growth rates and skeletal density of the main coral builders, and historical information of sea urchin population density and coral cover. The reconstruction model varied depending on locality. At Cocos Island, the effect on the reef carbonate budget ranged from negative to positive, improving coral recruitment and the recovery of the reef. At Cano Island, there was no apparent effect. In Culebra Bay, the effects ranged from a positive-neutral effect to a negative one, the latter possibly associated with an increase of eutrophic conditions that facilitated bioerosion of the coral framework. The importance of this sea urchin in reef dynamics varies with amount of reef protection, overfishing, and coastal management, and it has a large influence on the carbonate balances of the Pacific Costa Rican coral reefs. Rev. Biol. Trop. 60 (Suppl. 2): 121-132. Epub 2012 April 01.


Title of this law paper is application of payment by polluters principle in a
shape of contribution in the management rubbish in Yogyakarta. This research is
specifically The concerned in a matter of contribution above in Yogyakarta which is
the application of polluters should pay principle or known as a social duty and has it
effectively done in Yogyakarta edition to the law of rubbish management. The
purpose of this research is to know how the principle of this issue is being done, to
know in what terms, this principle related to social duty and to know if this principle
is being done effectively. To do this research, some methods are include, to support
the accuracy of the contents of primary law and secondary law, interview is
necessarily important and done structurally to the related person. Questioner to get
responden′s opinions. Literature study which done by collecting information related
to the issues and understanding any laws and literature′s to works the issues. The
classification of the research that is should in the ansembling of this paper is empiris
law. This research took location in Yogyakarta especially in Tegalrejo. Regarding to
the research there are some paints which show that the payment by the polluter is a
social duty, not merely the implementation of polluters pay principle because this
things at the deal between in habitants by direct payment to the rubbish management
officers. If the inhabitants concern to their environment they will pay, in the matter of
implementation of this regulations can be said quiet effective. The reason why there
is a regulation to get inhabitants obey this regulations. To do something they maust
be a doer. There is no body to control or to manage then the government will be quiet
difficult to handle it. So there must be active contribution to PKK-RT and RW in
order to get it managed easier. Our suggestions is to increase to contributions in terms
of money by the inhabitatnts by giving them. An understanding towards the issues,
that is s social duty in terms of effectiveness, it should be increased the discipline in
making the payments, thoroughly rubbish in the rubbish been the management of
rubbish recycles and fighter regulations control so the people will obey


This literature review study aimed at examining papers covering the IS Success research domain employing Facet Theory and its mapping tools. Facet Theory uses mapping sentences composed of facets that together represent all the plausible values of a universe or construct content. Forty three papers chosen by eight researchers were analyzed for similarity based on constructs included in their research models. In addition, constructs were coded for their relevance to the IS implementation timeline: before, during, after, and at maturity. In addition each paper was assigned a code calculated as the average position of its model constructs in the IS timeline. A simple exemplary mapping sentence was employed, based on the papers timeline index, and it was hypothesized that the IS timeline facet will demonstrate the axial topology. The results supported the hypothesis, showing that when ordered by their position in the IS timeline, papers are mapped employing an axial topology. It also showed that more papers focus on earlier stages of IS implementation rather than on the more mature stages. Furthermore, the SSA map obtained by the construct similarity index Sab allowed identification of primary IS Success research areas and lacunas. Being a Research in Progress, more work is under way, yet this work in progress has already demonstrated that Facet Theory can serve as an adequate yet not commonly use literature review and literature meta-analysis tool.


Significance Vaccines support controlling and eliminating infectious diseases. As most vaccines protect both vaccinated individuals and the society, vaccination is a prosocial act. Its success relies on a large number of contributing individuals. We study whether vaccination is a social contract where individuals reciprocate and reward others who comply with the contract and punish those who don't. Four preregistered experiments demonstrate that vaccinated individuals indeed show less generosity toward nonvaccinated individuals who violate the social contract. This effect is independent of whether the individuals are members of the same or different social groups. Thus, individuals' behavior follows the rules of a social contract, which provides a valuable basis for future interventions aiming at increasing vaccine uptake by emphasizing this social contract. Most vaccines protect both the vaccinated individual and the society by reducing the transmission of infectious diseases. In order to eliminate infectious diseases, individuals need to consider social welfare beyond mere self-interest—regardless of ethnic, religious, or national group borders. It has therefore been proposed that vaccination poses a social contract in which individuals are morally obliged to get vaccinated. However, little is known about whether individuals indeed act upon this social contract. If so, vaccinated individuals should reciprocate by being more generous to a vaccinated other. On the contrary, if the other doesn't vaccinate and violates the social contract, generosity should decline. Three preregistered experiments investigated how a person's own vaccination behavior, others' vaccination behavior, and others' group membership influenced a person's generosity toward respective others. The experiments consistently showed that especially compliant (i.e., vaccinated) individuals showed less generosity toward nonvaccinated individuals. This effect was independent of the others' group membership, suggesting an unconditional moral principle. An internal metaanalysis (n = 1,032) confirmed the overall social contract effect. In a fourth experiment (n = 1,212), this pattern was especially pronounced among vaccinated individuals who perceived vaccination as a moral obligation. It is concluded that vaccination is a social contract in which cooperation is the morally right choice. Individuals act upon the social contract, and more so the stronger they perceive it as a moral obligation. Emphasizing the social contract could be a promising intervention to increase vaccine uptake, prevent free riding, and, eventually, support the elimination of infectious diseases.


Bioassays in natural water-based batch cultures were performed to identify factors that could control the development of the toxic heterocystous cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raci- borskii in Lake Guiers (North Senegal). Without dissolved inorganic nitrogen, C. raciborskii was unable to grow, unless EDTA was supplied. The addition of P, S, Fe, B, Ca, Co, Cu, Mg, Mn, Mo and Zn did not restore its growth. Variations in the percentages of heterocysts found in bioassays, in the concentrations of major and trace elements in Lake Guiers, and in the computed chemical speciation of all dissolved species using MINEQL+ software, led us to deduce that, after N, Fe was the second greatest growth-limiting nutrient. Assuming that the 'Free Ion Model' is valid for the indigenous spe- cies of phytoplankton, the concentrations of bioavailable Fe 3+ were within the range of 10 -19 to 10 -22 M and were limited by the very low solubility of Fe-hydroxides. At such negligible concentrations, C. raciborskii is unable to take up the Fe necessary to ensure efficient nitrogenase functioning. The addition of EDTA led to the production of (III) Fe-EDTA complexes, which acted as an iron buffer that, in turn, increased the bioavailability of Fe 3+ and the growth of C. raciborskii. These bioassays suggest that, in Lake Guiers, the primary limiting factor for cyanobacterial growth is nitrogen. They also demonstrate the lack of a sufficient concentration of complexing agents, which limits the bioavailability of Fe, and then the nitrogenase activity and diazotrophy of C. raciborskii. This cascad- ing limitation could account for the seasonal fluctuations of this cyanobacterial population in Lake Guiers.


In the present study, seven different series of thermotropic liquid crystalline polyesters (TLCPs) containing unsaturated fumaroyl chloride and flexible sebacoyl chloride were synthesized using the interfacial polymerization methodology. Homopolyesters prepared with saturated flexible spacer such as sebacoyl chloride were mesomorphic whereas homopolyesters synthesized using unsaturated aliphatic spacer such as fumaroyl chloride that was non-mesomorphic. Aromatic diad and triad based mesogenic diols were selected as rigid moiety for liquid crystalline phase formation. Within each series, copolyesters were synthesized by varying relative mole ratio of the above two aliphatic diacid chlorides. Most of the liquid crystalline polyesters showed solubility in phenol:tetrachloroethane (60:40) at 40 ᵒC.


It has been well established that self-harm is a key healthcare issue facing young people (Health and Social Information Centre, 2015). Consequently, many self-harmers preferentially seek support from friends (Evans, Hawton, & Rodham, 2005). Despite their unique position, friends' experiences have been marginalised. Historically, friends have only been considered when they feature in the lives of the person who self-harms, when they are identified as "gate-keepers" to self-harming young people (Klingman & Hochdorf, 1993, p. 123), or when they themselves go on to self-harm (e.g. Hawton, Rodham, Evans, & Weatherall, 2002). Bearing in mind the friends' unique, yet highly vulnerable status, there is a notable lack of research exploring how friends come to understand their experiences, and the subsequent impact this has on their friendships with the self-harmer. Through this qualitatively approached thesis I aimed to explore how the impact of self-harm on friendship is understood. Data was collected through a series of interviews and focus groups with friends of self-harmers, and those who supported them. Using a qualitative methodology, I conducted three studies. In Study One, I explored how counsellors made sense of the impact of self-harm on friendship. Studies Two and Three focussed on how friends, whilst maintaining a friendship with a self-harmer, came to understand themselves, their friendship with the self-harmer, and their relationships with others. The results indicated that friends struggled to integrate self-harm into their friendships and their understanding of themselves, took on excessive responsibility for the self-harmer, and felt constrained by secret-keeping. Additionally, as the friends in Study Three felt that information available to them was either absent, or lacking, I developed a prototype support tool tailored specifically to the needs of the friends.


A biodegradable polymer electrolyte based on Poly-epsilon-caprolactone (PCL) with various level of concentrations of Lithium salt and plasticizer have been synthesized under both the ambient and vacuum environments. The ionic conductivity, morphology, topology and structural properties are examined using EIS, SEM and XRD respectively. Conductivity as high as 3.48E-(04) Scm(-1) and 4.99E(-04) Scm(-1) are obtained for the ambient and vacuum environment respectively. Ionic mobility is improved by increasing the amorphousity content of the polymer and degree of salt dissociation with plasticizer. Ionic conductivity is further enhanced with the addition Li salt to increase the free ions concentration. Ionic conductivity measurements are further supported by the XRD data which reveal that sample with higher amorphous content tends to show higher conductivity. The dielectric relaxation study in terms of characteristic of the structural molecular interaction and ionic transportation properties are also carried out. Both of the conductivity and XRD results are further verified by SEM images.


Polypropylene- layered silicate nanocomposite based on muscovite was prepared via melt compounding. Muscovite was organomodified with cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide (CTAB) by using different filler loading. The effects of muscovite content on mechanical and morphology properties were evaluated. Analysis of test data showed that the mechanical properties increased with an increase in filler loading up to a threshold of 3 wt%; thereafter the material properties were degraded. The enhancement of properties attributed to the formation of intercalated and exfoliation nanocomposite structure at these loadings of clay. At higher filler loading, degradation in mechanical properties maybe attributed to the formation of agglomerated clay tactoids.


The authors intend this brief monograph, The Epilepsies for medical students and physicians not primarily involved in the neurological specialties. They have produced a concise and readable review of the subject, but the cost ($6) seems excessive for such a small offering. Some of the drugs recommended are not available in the United States (sulthiame [Ospolot] and nitrazepam [Mogadon]); carbamazepine (Tegretol) is marketed only for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. The dosage of diphenylhydantoin (Dilantin) recommended for children under one year of age (20 mg two or three times daily) would be quite likely to result in toxicity. This drug is difficult to use in the treatment of young children because of the narrow margin between therapeutic and toxic dosage. Phenobarbital is not given the prominent position which I feel it deserves, as a keystone in seizure prevention and as a major agent for treatment of status epilepsy. One might


OBJECTIVESpinal meningiomas (sMNGs) are relatively rare in comparison to intracranial MNGs. sMNGs localized anterior to the denticulate ligament (aMNGs) represent a surgically challenging subgroup. A high perioperative complication rate due to the need for complex surgical approaches has been described. In the present study, the authors report on their surgical experience that involves two institutions in which 207 patients underwent surgery for sMNGs. Special focus was placed on patients with aMNGs that were treated via a unilateral posterior approach (ULPA).METHODSBetween 2005 and 2017, 207 patients underwent resection of sMNGs at one of two institutions. The following characteristics were assessed: tumor size and localization, surgical approach, duration of surgery, grade of resection, peri- and postoperative complication rates, and neurological outcome. Data were compared between the subgroups of patients according to the lesion's relationship to the denticulate ligament and to surgical approach.RESULTSThe authors identified 48 patients with aMNGs, 86 patients with lateral MNGs, and 76 patients with posterior MNGs (pMNGs). Overall, 66.6% of aMNGs and 64% of pMNGs were reached via a ULPA. aMNGs that were approached via a ULPA showed reduced duration of surgery (131 vs 224 minutes, p < 0.0001) and had surgical complication rates and neurological outcomes comparable to those of lesions that were approached via a bilateral approach. No significant differences in complication rate, outcomes, and extent of resection were seen between aMNGs and pMNGs.CONCLUSIONSThe duration of surgery, extent of resection, and outcomes are comparable between aMNGs and pMNGs when removed via a ULPA. Thus, ULPA represents a safe route to achieve a gross-total resection, even in cases of aMNG.


Bacteremic Hemophilus influenzae pneumonia is an uncommon infection in the adult. It usually affects chronically ill patients, especially those with chronic obstructive lung disease, although healthy individuals can also be affected. The condition carries a significant mortality, reaching 57% in one series. We describe ten adult patients with bacteremic H influenzae pneumonia with some unique features: no deaths occurred, half of the involved patients were previously fit individuals, and a beta-lactamase producing strain was isolated in five out of ten patients. An interesting finding was the isolation of a beta-lactamase negative H influenza from the sputum of two patients whose blood cultures were positive for a beta-lactamase positive H influenza. The overall incidence of beta-lactamase production among bacteremic isolates was 50%--a finding with a great deal of impact on the treatment of this disease.


The Hikurangi subduction zone beneath the eastern North Island, New Zealand exhibits a variety of fault-slip related phenomena including tsunami earthquakes, non-volcanic tremor, low-frequency earthquakes, episodic slow slip, and repeating earthquakes. The northern Hikurangi margin hosts shallow slow-slip and is weakly coupled to shallow depths. In contrast, the southern Hikurangi margin is strongly coupled, and only deep slow-slip has been observed. The transition in coupling occurs beneath the township of Porangahau, and is an exemplary focus region for studying how this change in locking is accommodated.

To examine slip processes beneath Porangahau, we have constructed and analysed a catalogue of repeating earthquakes that occurred between 2004 and 2018. Repeating earthquakes are thought to re-rupture the same fault patch at different times, and thus have nearly identical waveforms, locations and magnitudes. Because repeating earthquakes represent cyclic loading, they can be used to detect temporal and spatial changes of slip-rate at depth and hence monitor how stress is transferred to seismogenic zones.

To build a catalogue of repeating earthquakes we first clustered the GeoNet earthquake catalogue by distance and correlation to identify potential repeating events. We then used a stronger cross-correlation threshold of at least 0.95 normalised cross-correlation value at three or more stations to identify repeating earthquakes from the initial clusters. This threshold was determined by our group's previous work on the northern Hikurangi margin. We identified 225 families of repeating earthquakes, with each family having two or more earthquakes in the 14-year study period from 2004 to 2018.

We carried out manual phase picking and polarity identification for the most recent event in each family and computed absolute locations, local magnitudes calibrated with moment magnitude, and high-quality focal mechanisms. For the rest of the events in each family, we conducted cross-correlation re-picking to obtain precise relative locations and relative magnitudes. With precise locations and well-constrained focal mechanisms, we determined whether the repeating earthquake families originated within the Pacific Plate, Australian Plate or on the subduction interface. Most of the families are located within the Pacific Plate, and the majority of families that originate on the subduction interface are located near the township of Porangahau. At least 220 of the 532 identified repeating earthquakes locate at the transition from strong- to weak-coupling of the subduction interface near the township of Porangahau.

A variety of slow slip events have been detected near Porangahau in the last two decades. Even though some repeating earthquakes correlate spatially and temporally with slow slip events, temporal and spatial correlations between slow slip events and repeating earthquakes are scarce and sparse. The majority of repeating earthquakes are located up-dip or down-dip of modelled slow slip patches, with very few families having spatial correlation with slow slip events. We obtained a moment-recurrence interval relationship for the catalogue of repeating earthquakes near Porangahau and compared it to the relationship obtained by Nadeau and Johnson (1998) at Parkfield, California. Finally, we computed slip-rates using the families located on the subduction interface and obtained an average slip-rate of 13 mm/yr. The insights gained from this study lay the groundwork for future work constraining processes of strain accumulation at the creeping-to-locked transition zone near Porangahau.


Conventionally, most voltage stability indices, including the voltage instability proximity index (VIPI), have been formulated for the overall system. Voltage instability phenomena, however, can occur locally and then cause cascade collapses throughout the system. Therefore, it is of some importance to establish an index that can locate the possible voltage collapse buses in power systems efficiently. In this paper, we describe the local properties of the information of multiple solutions in load flow calculation and their use in voltage instability assessment. It should be noted that this kind of information is formatted in the voltage space rather than in the specified value space. Therefore, it is difficult to obtain information in the specified value space, and the qualitative property in a simple one-machine one-load (two-bus) power system may not be generalized for multimachine multiload power systems. We present our investigation by considering several model systems and quantitatively comparing them with the two-bus power system. Taking advantage of the power flow formulation, it can be concluded that the localization of the voltage variation vector that indicates the initial direction of the voltage collapse will provide exact information for identifying problem buses in the system. The nose curves of problem buses can be obtained for monitoring purposes at the same time. With the application of these results and VIPI, an emergency countermeasure is suggested for monitoring and delaying possible voltage collapse in stressed power systems. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn 119(1): 45–54, 1997


An important aspect of noise robustness of automatic speech recognisers (ASR) is the proper handling of non-speech acoustic events. The present paper describes further improvements of an already existing reference recogniser towards achieving such kind of robustness. The reference recogniser applied is the COST 249 SpeechDat reference recogniser, which is a fully automatic, language-independent training procedure for building a phonetic recogniser (http://www.telenor.no/fou/prosjekter/taletek/refrec). The reference recogniser relies on the HTK toolkit and a Speech- Dat(II) compatible database, and is designed to serve as a reference system in multilingual speech recognition research. The paper describes version 0.96 of the reference recogniser which take into account labelled non-speech acoustic events during training and provides robustness against these during testing. Results are presented on small and medium vocabulary recognition for six languages.


We extend the classical compartmental frameworks for susceptible-infected-susceptible (SIS) and susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) systems to include an exposed/latent class or a chronic class of infection. Using a suite of stochastic continuous-time Markov chain models we examine the impact of latent and chronic infection on the mean time to extinction of the infection. Our findings indicate that the mean time to pathogen extinction is increased for infectious diseases which cause exposed/latent infection prior to full infection and that the extinction time is increased further if these exposed individuals are also capable of transmitting the infection. A chronic infection stage can decrease or increase the mean time to pathogen extinction and in particular this depends on whether chronically infected individuals incur disease-induced mortality and whether they are able to transmit the infection. We relate our findings to specific infectious diseases that exhibit latent and chronic infectious stages and argue that infectious diseases with these characteristics may be more difficult to manage and control.


Ambient Intelligent are usually emerged in contexts like health, education, business and so
on. However there are not many researches focusing on social aspects as public
administrations. In these kinds of contexts, some problems are continuously in our minds.
Especially these that people waste time on clues or solving dubs about the required
documents. In this work we present a proposal through the adaptability of the Near Field
Communication technology (NFC). With it, some tags and readers can interact with the
mobile phones, running different applications according to the places, contexts and users'
requirements.


The circadian changes in the concentrations of monoamines and their metabolites in plasma [tyrosine (Tyr), 3-methoxydopa (3-OMD), dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (EN), homovanilic acid (HVA), vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), tryptophan (Trp), 5-hydroxyindole-acetic acid (5-HIAA)] obtained at (05:00 AM and 13:00 PM) and their total contents in 24-hour urine from 15 healthy subjects were simultaneously determined using an HPLC/multi-electrode electrochemical detection. Their precursor amino acids, Tyr and Trp, and dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH) activity, which is mainly secreted from the peripheral catecholamine systems of the sympathetic nerves and adrenal medulla into the blood and shows circadian variations (minimum at 05:00 AM and maximum at 13:00 PM) were also determined. Many monoamine parameters, especially NE and EN, showed higher values in plasma at 13:00 PM, whereas the levels of HVA, VMA and 5-HIAA tended to be low at 13:00 PM. Significant correlations were observed between each monoamine.


Digital sport video segmentation is an active area of research. And such an efficient sport video segmentation system is necessary. The system employs the feature-based motion estimator to estimate the video motion model parameters. Thus, we can use the result to compose the panorama. Project frames with motion parameters, the corresponding frames were connected and then stitched into a panoramic image according to infer the frames on a 2D manifold. For accurate alignment, we iterate between the motion estimator and topology determination to optimized parameters. Accuracy panorama composition is implemented to redress the error accumulation and achieve the pixel combination. After that, for the purpose of removing the foreground objects, we use the panorama estimation process. At last, we determine the sportsman segmentation masks that are the final output of the segmentation system. The test results showed that the proposed system is efficient.


The growing design-productivity gap has made designers shift toward using high-level synthesis (HLS) techniques to generate register transfer level design from high-level languages like C/C++. Unfortunately, this translation process is very complex and is prone to introduce bug into the generated design, which can create a mismatch between what a designer intends and what is actually implemented in the circuit. In this paper, we present an efficient approach to validate the result of HLS against the initial high-level program using translation validation techniques. We redefined the bisimulation relation and proposed a novel algorithm based on it. When compared with the existing method, the proposed method can dramatically reduce the number of automated theorem prover (ATP) querying, which will in turn improve the time cost in equivalence validation. Our method is suitable for structure-preserving transformations such as carried out by Spark synthesizer. We have implemented our validating technique and compared it with a state-of-the-art translation validation method of HLS. The promising results show the effectiveness and efficiency of our method.


Hydraulic structures are designed with reference to some natural events which could be imposed on the structure during its expected service life. Conventionally return period design methods fail to systematically account for the many uncertainties in design. By systematically analyzing the component uncertainties and their interactions using the concepts of reliability theory and first-order analysis of uncertainties, a composite risk and reliability can be defined. This paper presents static and dynamic risk and reliability models that can be used to develop risk-safety relationships for various return periods and expected service lifes that can be used in design. The static models consider single loading application and the dynamic models consider repeated application of random loadings to define a composite risk. The models are applied as examples of the methodology to develop risk-safety curves for culvert design. This work presents a scientific approach to systematically account for the uncertainties and their interactions in the selection of safety factors and return periods for various risk levels in hydraulic design.


For both engine designers and control purposes, a better understanding of the knocking that occurs during combustion in engines can lead to optimal decisions which will make engines operate more efficiently. The rapid rise in diesel engines is recognized as an audible impulse noise, which is known as ''knock.'' The knock is caused by the spontaneous combustion of a significant volume of fuel/air mixture. The knock produces shock waves within the combustion chamber and results in a great number of combustion chamber resonance frequencies. The engine used in the experiments was a six‐cylinder modified diesel engine running in ethanol conditions. The main purpose of this research is to determine the knock phenomena and the adiabatic process. To perform the data analysis a time‐frequency spectral approach was used. The results revealed both radial and circumferential resonances. The most important adiabatic coefficients were carried out and used to calculate the heat release rate.


We investigate the relationship between security analyst coverage characteristics and analyst-related incentives in order to determine whether the quality of analyst-generated information, (as measured by the absolute median forecast error of estimates, analyst uncertainty, diversity of opinion among analysts, and excessive analyst optimism) improves if higher trading commissions and fees can be earned, or when there is greater investor interest and scrutiny. We find strong evidence that incentives influence the quality of analyst information. The implication of our findings is that it would serve investors well to distinguish between high quality and low quality analyst forecasts and recommendations. We recommend that investors estimate the "information risk" associated with analyst reports.


We have studied the virus-like 30S (VL30) RNA sequences of mice. Previous work has shown that these sequences are coded in the mouse genome, expressed in some normal cells and released as pseudotypic particles from cells producing murine C-type retroviruses. VL30 sequences have some similarities to standard retrovirus RNA, but differences also exist. To further assess the similarities and differences, several aspects of VL30-specific metabolism were investigated. We studied the initiation of VL30-specific DNA synthesis during an endogenous reverse transcriptase reaction. Short initial VL30-specific cDNA transcripts were covalently attached to RNA as measured by equilibrium banding in caesium sulphate density gradients. Therefore, reverse transcription of VL30-specific cDNA is initiated by an RNA primer. The intracellular synthesis of VL30 RNA was investigated by pulse labelling uninfected JLS-V9 cells with 3H-uridine. Hybridization of the pulse-labelled nuclear RNA indicated that the major VL30-specific RNA evident after a 15 min label was the same size as the mature VL30 RNA. Thus, VL30 RNA is apparently not synthesized via a higher mol. wt. precursor. Both of these results demonstrate similarity of VL30 RNA sequences to standard retroviruses. One unique feature of VL30 RNA was detected. JLS-V9 cells contained both the monomeric VL30 RNA and a hydrogen-bonded 38S form which yielded the monomer when denatured. This contrasts with standard murine leukaemia virus which is only found as a monomer within cells.


Abstract In his liturgical commentary Rationale divinorum officiorum , the thirteenthcentury writer Guillaume Durand describes a special, "antique" way of singing sequences called "neumatizing" ("neumatizare"). According to Durand, a sequence could be neumatized either by singing certain phrases melismatically or by vocalizing the entire sequence without words. The chief focus of this investigation is the identification of which sequences were still being neumatized after the decline of that practice around 1100, where and at which feasts they were sung, and why. The evidence suggests that neumatizing was especially cultivated in northern France during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, especially in the cathedral towns of Rouen, Laon, Cambrai, and Amiens, as well as at various religious institutions in Metz, Andenne, Chichester, and Bamberg. The liturgical period of Advent, Christmas Eve, the Feast of John the Evangelist, and masses celebrating patron saints were the most typical liturgical occasions where neumatizing took place. The rationales for the singing practice appear to have been manifold, ranging from the practical and mundane to the spiritual and sacred. Motives for neumatizing include improving preexisting structures for purposes of fulfilling expectations about genre; using musical responses to highlight poetic topoi; lending solemnity and symbolic meaning to important liturgical feasts; and honoring ancient traditions while resisting some of the newer trends found with late examples of the genre.


The evolution of CMOS image sensors and their prospects using advanced imaging technologies are promising candidates to improve the quality of life. With the rapid advent of parallel analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and back-illuminated (BI) technology, CMOS image sensors currently dominate the market for digital cameras, and stacked CMOS image sensors continue to provide enhanced functionality and user experience in mobile devices. This article reviews the latest achievements in stacked image sensors with respect to the evolution of image sensor architecture for accelerating performance improvements, extending sensing capabilities, and integrating edge computing with various stacked device technologies.


A population of Escherichia coli ML30 cells was exposed to a quaternary ammonium compound, and injury to the cells was measured by a comparison of counts on Trypticase Soy Agar and Violet Red Bile Agar. Substantial injury could not be detected with a minimal medium. The ingredients of Violet Red Bile Agar were tested against damaged cells. The bile salts mixture alone in the medium prevented as many injured cells from growing as did any combination of the selective agents and inhibited as many injured bacteria as were inhibited by Violet Red Bile Agar itself. These dyes and salts were similarly assayed in minimal agar, and comparable results were obtained. Individual bile salts and other potential selective agents were added to the minimal medium, and the media were tested for inhibition of injured E. coli. Sodium deoxycholate was the bile salt most inhibitory to damaged E. coli cells.


This thesis deals with automatic analysis of Microsoft Dynamics NAV (NAV) application code. NAV (formerly Navision) is an advanced Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system like SAP and Axapta, which can handle anything from accounting to stock control for a company. NAV is customized to the individual enterprise using the application language C/AL. The NAV configuration application has grown incrementally, from version to version for more than 20 years, becoming a complex piece of software.
 With the improvements that have emerged in languages and technologies, the NAV organization now stands before a number of choices. It is clear that the application code has to be reorganized, but it is unclear if the code should be kept in C/AL or moved to C#, because there are obvious benefits from both choices.
 The aim of this thesis is to contribute to this process with knowledge, by uncovering what exists today and model some chosen suggestions for refactoring the present C/AL code.
 Our approach is to identify, analyze, and implement recognition of software patterns in the NAV application code. The software patterns we focus on, define relations between objects.
 The application code's data model consists of table objects which, among other things, save all data for the enterprises. We use Unified Modeling Language (UML) diagrams to describe the relations we identify between tables. The concepts we identify are relationships which in UML terms are described as containment, aggregation, and generalization.
 This gives the NAV organization an insight into which implications a change in one table object will have on other objects. An example of one of the relations we identify is the relation between the Customer table, which keeps information on all the company's customers, and the Customer Bank Account table, which contains information regarding the customers' bank accounts. From our analysis we can see that the existence of objects of the type Customer Bank Account is conditioned by the existence of a Customer object. This is described with the concept containment in UML.
 We show that it is possible to analyze the application code and extract concepts which contribute with an overview of selected relations. Furthermore, we show that a graphic dynamic display of the relations is preferable. We have developed a good intuitive way to present our results, where it is possible to make sense of even very large diagrams with the provided filtering methods of the Concept Viewer tool.
 We extended the project scope underway in the project, and examined the possibility of identifying specific concepts from the accounting ontology Resource, Events, and Agents (REA) in the C/AL code. We found that Events can easily be identified, but that the classification of Resources and Agents has some complications which require a refinement of the chosen approach.


The protection based on model has the advantage of operating properly under the condition of energization without load and can provide a better protection instead of the differential protection. Prior to its practical application, there must be a method to compute its pickup value. But up to now no method is presented, in many articles the pickup value is made according to the test data obtained from the laboratory transformer, obviously the pickup value may be smaller, and it is not reliable to prevent the protection from misoperation. In this paper, the factors that influence the performance of the protection are analyzed, and a feasible method for computing the pickup value is presented. The conclusion is supported by the test data.


Background: Skeletal muscle-derived myokines modulate metabolic, inflammatory, and other processes. Results: Myonectin, a novel myokine whose expression and circulating levels are regulated by diet, metabolic state, and exercise, functions to control lipid metabolism. Conclusion: Myonectin is a potential nutrient-responsive metabolic regulator secreted by muscle. Significance: Myonectin links muscle to systemic lipid metabolism via its action on adipocytes and hepatocytes, providing insight into complex tissue cross-talk. Skeletal muscle plays important roles in whole-body glucose and fatty acid metabolism. However, muscle also secretes cytokines and growth factors (collectively termed myokines) that can potentially act in an autocrine, a paracrine, and/or an endocrine manner to modulate metabolic, inflammatory, and other processes. Here, we report the identification and characterization of myonectin, a novel myokine belonging to the C1q/TNF-related protein (CTRP) family. Myonectin transcript was highly induced in differentiated myotubes and predominantly expressed by skeletal muscle. Circulating levels of myonectin were tightly regulated by the metabolic state; fasting suppressed, but refeeding dramatically increased, its mRNA and serum levels. Although mRNA and circulating levels of myonectin were reduced in a diet-induced obese state, voluntary exercise increased its expression and circulating levels. Accordingly, myonectin transcript was up-regulated by compounds (forskolin, epinephrine, ionomycin) that raise cellular cAMP or calcium levels. In vitro, secreted myonectin forms disulfide-linked oligomers, and when co-expressed, forms heteromeric complexes with other members of the C1q/TNF-related protein family. In mice, recombinant myonectin administration reduced circulating levels of free fatty acids without altering adipose tissue lipolysis. Consistent with this, myonectin promoted fatty acid uptake in cultured adipocytes and hepatocytes, in part by up-regulating the expression of genes (CD36, FATP1, Fabp1, and Fabp4) that promote lipid uptake. Collectively, these results suggest that myonectin links skeletal muscle to lipid homeostasis in liver and adipose tissue in response to alterations in energy state, revealing a novel myonectin-mediated metabolic circuit.


The process of trying to understand users' perspectives and their mental model is inherently challenging, as anyone who has been involved in conducting field studies and interviewing users can attest to. At the heart of this process is the need to create trust between the interviewer and the interviewee in order to build bonds which facilitate richer information exchange. Building apprenticeship relations is one approach which sees the interviewee as teacher and the interviewer as student/apprentice. However establishing these relations, particularity within a short time frame and within an industrial domain, can be difficult. This paper therefore addresses some of the challenges associated with building these relationships and how researchers can strengthen their connection with the users they interact with.


ABSTRACT The Upper Cretaceous Frontier Formation on the Moxa Arch in the western Green River Basin, Wyoming, has had a varied diagenetic history that was controlled in part by differences in composition of detrital framework grains and in burial history. Petrographic examination of 247 thin sections from 13 cores from the south-plunging arch and adjacent deep basin is the basis for diagenetic investigation of sandstones ranging in depth from 2 km to almost 5 km. Major diagenetic events were (1) mechanical compaction by grain rearrangement and deformation of ductile grains, (2) formation of illite and mixed-layer illite-smectite rims, (3) precipitation of quartz overgrowths, (4) precipitation of calcite cement, (5) generation of secondary porosity by dissolution of feldspar, chert, biotite, and mudstone grains and calcite cement, (6) precipitation of kaolinite in primary and secondary pores, and (7) chemical compaction by intergranular pressure solution and stylolitization and additional precipitation of quartz cement. The northern and southern ends of the Moxa Arch differ in the magnitude of each of these diagenetic events. Provenance differences caused more abundant ductile rock fragments and feldspar to be deposited at the northern end of the Moxa Arch. As a result, Frontier sandstones from the northern Moxa Arch underwent more extensive mechanical compaction. In addition, feldspar dissolution and albitization buffered acid-rich basinal fluids at the northern end, resulting in greater development of secondary porosity and precipitation of calcite cement than at the southern end. Deeply buried sandstones at the southern end of the arch and in the basin contain the most abundant quartz cement because intergranular pressure solution and stylolitization liberated silica for overgrowths.


This thesis studies systemic risk in financial markets and how it emerges through dynamical and structural amplification mechanisms. In part (1) I study the dynamics and control of Basel leverage cycles. For this I develop a simple model of a financial system consisting of leveraged banks and an unleveraged fundamentalist investor (fund). Banks trade a risky asset with the fund and rely on historical information to estimate their portfolio risk. This risk estimate determines the banks' leverage limit. I show that these simple ingredients can lead to endogenous, irregular oscillations, which I call Basel leverage cycles. I then proceed to evaluate alternative regulatory capital requirements based on their impact on endogenous risk. I find that in the microprudential limit, when the bank is small and exogenous volatility is high, the optimal policy is simply given by a Value-at-Risk constraint. However, when the bank is large, the optimal policy is constant leverage. In part (2) I study contagion in financial networks for two examples. First, I study how intra-institutional linkages can amplify financial contagion when financial institutions are active in multiple over-the-counter markets. In particular, spillover within a diversified financial institution allows for contagion from one over-the-counter market to another. Using recent methods for coupled networks I illustrate that under certain circumstances, the presence of intra-institutional spillover can lead to the amplification of small shocks to the extent that trading across all markets collapses abruptly. Finally, I develop a simple model of social learning in the context of a financial network. I study how banks' portfolio decisions can synchronize if banks rely both on outside information and information from their social network to compute the expected payoff of an investment opportunity. In the same model, I propose a simple boundedly rational decision mechanism for endogenous network formation based on the information content of a bank's neighbors' decisions.


Challenging stressors have been positively linked to various work outcomes. However, the role of individual differences in stress appraisal in shaping the function of challenging stressors and work outcomes has been rarely discussed. Drawing on the individual differences perspective, the authors propose that employees higher in challenge appraisal are more likely to have challenging stressors and are more responsive to such stressors to have a higher positive affect at work. Results obtained from 117 employees supported the hypotheses. The results indicated that challenge appraisal is positively related to challenging stressors. In addition, challenging stressors has a positive association with positive affect at work when challenge appraisal is high but has a null association when challenge appraisal is low. The findings suggest that challenging stressors does not necessarily bring positive work outcomes as suggested in past studies and highlight the importance of considering dispositional tendency in stress appraisal when looking into the function of challenging stressors and work outcomes.


Introduction During the past two decades, economic forces have affected the distribution and intensity of crop production in Louisiana. Over time, rising costs of production inputs, primarily fuel, fertilizer and chemical costs, have altered the acreage planted and harvested to specific crops across parishes. This, when combined with increase or decreases in crop prices, at planting and harvesting, have affected the mix of crops producers eventually harvest every year. We develop a GIS-based "ring map" that can interpret the complex crop changing over 20 year period (from 1995 to 2014). The Parish (county) map of Louisiana will show the most recent year crop data and the surrounded segmented circular rings that are parish location – specific to display a time series crop data. We use four crops – rice, soybeans, corn and cotton, as examples to demonstrate how economic forces influence producers' decisions about crop mix. Given that these crops often are substitutes for one another in production, they present an opportunity to analyze and demonstrate the interaction of economic forces on land use through time. We present ring maps to help illustrate how different economic forces interact to determine the land use and production associated with these four crops over two decades. In addition to economic forces, natural forces, specifically Hurricanes affected production of these four commodities. Our poster presentation highlights the interaction of natural and economic forces with producers to affect land use decisions and the distribution of production across time and parishes in Louisiana. Cotton Cultivation of cotton began around 1729 in Louisiana; mainly for home spinning and weaving. It was not until Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin in 1793 that cotton was produced in Louisiana as a cash crop. Within a century, cotton was grown on 48 million acres nationally and was the only major cash crop in the South. As recently as 10 years ago, cotton production occurred on nearly one million acres in Louisiana. Recently, damage from Hurricanes Gustav and Ike, increased competition from high corn prices and relatively weak cotton prices, caused acreage harvested for cotton to decline dramatically – to 250,000 the past few years. Corn Cultivation of corn in Louisiana occurred throughout its history and traditionally occurs in rotation with cotton, wheat or soybeans in Delta parishes and central Louisiana. With higher-yielding improved varieties, and the significant increase in corn prices to record levels in the past few years, acreage planted to corn has more than doubled to 600,000 acres harvested statewide. Production is intensifying and expanding into new parishes as well. Total value of production statewide has tripled to $350 million annually. Rice Rice production has taken place in Louisiana since its earliest days as a Spanish colony. However, it wasn't until introduction of improved varieties from Japan at the end of the 19th century that significant acreage harvested from rice occurred. Rice traditionally is produced in the coastal parishes and Delta parishes. Hurricanes Katrina and Rita caused significant damage to coastal fields with salt water intrusion five years ago and rice acreage was cut by one-third. After several years, rice production has rebounded to traditional levels of 500,000 acres annually and total value of production has increase up to $400 million annually. Soybeans Soybean production is a relatively recent crop in Louisiana – being introduced from Asia in the early 20th century. Historically, yields have been low and soybeans were grown primarily in rotation with rice, cotton or wheat. With relatively low cost for growing soybeans, producers readily adopted them to their farming operations and harvest one million acres annually. Recent increases in price have caused acreage to increase and total value of the soybean crop to double ($455 million last year).


Titanium and iron concentration data from the anoxic Cariaco Basin, off the Venezuelan coast, can be used to infer variations in the hydrological cycle over northern South America during the past 14,000 years with subdecadal resolution. Following a dry Younger Dryas, a period of increased precipitation and riverine discharge occurred during the Holocene "thermal maximum." Since ∼5400 years ago, a trend toward drier conditions is evident from the data, with high-amplitude fluctuations and precipitation minima during the time interval 3800 to 2800 years ago and during the "Little Ice Age." These regional changes in precipitation are best explained by shifts in the mean latitude of the Atlantic Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), potentially driven by Pacific-based climate variability. The Cariaco Basin record exhibits strong correlations with climate records from distant regions, including the high-latitude Northern Hemisphere, providing evidence for global teleconnections among regional climates.


: The diagnostic significance of serum markers of fibrosis was investigated in 92 patients with chronic viral hepatitis (CVH) by studying the collagenolythic activity of blood, proteasic inhibitor activity, collagen metabolism products (oxyproline fraction), and fibronectin. At the same time, the patients underwent puncture biopsy of the liver, which made it possible to determine the degree of process activity and the stage of its chronization. As the degree of fibrosis grew, the collagenase serum activity increased significantly, while the alpha1-proteinase inhibitor activity fell, the content of oxyproline (its fractions) increased, and the fibronectin level decreased. Hence, the measurement of the noted parameters allows for noninvasive diagnostics of CVH stages.


Two types of precedence relationship representations for mechanical assembly sequences are presented: precedence relationships between the establishment of one connection between two parts and the establishment of another connection, and precedence relationships between the establishment of one connection and states of the assembly process. Precedence relationship representations have the advantage of being very compact. The problem with these representations was how to guarantee their correctness and completeness. Two theorems are presented each of which leads to the generation of one type of precedence relationship representation guaranteeing its correctness and completeness for a class of assemblies.