Utilising case studies from my curatorial practice, this paper discusses the balance between research and creation, and elaborates on exhibition projects that centre the spectator within an embodied experience of the moving image. While some of my curatorial practice includes installation art that literalises the space of the image, including Urbanity on Film (2009), and The Situated Cinema Project; in camera (2015), other programs have achieved this same effect within a single-channel screening format, including Radiant Bodies (2015) and Dirt City Rock Fantasy: The Short Films of Trevor Anderson (2016). By treating the moving image as an experience that incorporates the space and time of the viewer's body, these curatorial projects explore the idea of artwork as a phenomenological tool, creating exciting environments while simultaneously advancing knowledge through the process of being with the artwork.


Abstract. Meteorological numerical weather prediction (NWP) models solve a system of partial differential equations in time and space. Semi-lagrangian advection schemes allow for long time steps. These longer time steps can result in instabilities occurring in the model physics. A system of differential equations in which some solution components decay more rapidly than others is stiff. In this case it is stability rather than accuracy that restricts the time step. The vertical diffusion parametrization can cause fast non-meteorological oscillations around the slowly evolving true solution (fibrillations). These are treated with an anti-fibrillation scheme, but small oscillations remain in operational weather forecasts using ARPEGE and ALADIN models. In this paper, a simple test is designed to reveal if the formulation of particular a physical parametrization is a stiff problem or potentially numerically unstable in combination with any other part of the model. When the test is applied to a stable scheme, the solution remains stable. However, applying the test to a potentially unstable scheme yields a solution with fibrillations of substantial amplitude. The parametrizations of the NWP model ARPEGE were tested one by one to see which one may be the source of unstable model behaviour. The test identified the set of equations in the stratiform precipitation scheme (a diagnostic Kessler-type scheme) as a stiff problem, particularly the combination of terms arising due to the evaporation of snow.


ABSTRACT This article uses a critical discourse and documentary analysis to explore "Good and Evil" narratives in Islamic State (IS) media and in the official policy statements of the United States, Australia and the United Kingdom. The analysis initially considers how IS and Western governments define the other as "Evil" drawing from premodern Manichean and Abrahamic religious conventions. It then interprets how these entities subscribe to a post-Enlightenment ethic that associates the triumph of "Good" over "Evil" with science, reason and technological innovation. Distinct from similar analyses that emphasise the persuasive power of religion, this article reflects on how IS and Western governments use conflicting religious and philosophical imperatives to articulate their strategic political agendas. It further interprets how these agendas become ideologically convincing, through reflexive communication.


For a number of mechanical working processes using a lot of different metals it has been proven that in dry friction plastic deformation is always observed in the contact zone. It has been stated that friction is a result of plastic deformation. However the process of wear is not understood. In the past several investigators tried to interpret it in a thermodynamic way but this more or less failed. At present it is possible to prove that it is started by diffusion. For a very stable tool workpiece material combination we can fundamentally prove that diffusion always takes place. For the tool material it means a change in the chemical composition, leading to a decrease in hardness. Together with the high process temperatures, which lower the hardness of the tool material too, it is possible that the cold workpiece material can be smeared out and taken along with the tool material. The tool thus is worn. From this point of view the influence of the free enthalpy, the thermal conductivity, the hardness, and the ductility of different tool - workpiece material combinations on wear can be clarified. A number of practical examples are given to support this idea.


In recent years the climate change issue, coupled with the concern of resource depletion, is favoring the blossoming of renewable energy conversion systems. Particularly, the development of new technologies for the combustion of biomass has drawn special attention to the possibility of coupling thermoelectric modules with stove-fireplaces. The current thermoelectric generators have many attractive points, such as a solid structure, absence of noise, and no maintenance required; however, due to their very low efficiency (4–8%), they are still economically non-attractive. However, if the modules are applied to a heat source, which otherwise would be wasted, the interest in the solution certainly grows. In this study, an exergy analysis of a stove-fireplace coupled with thermo-electric modules is performed, with the aim of identifying the critical issues of the overall system. The obtained exergy efficiency of the whole system resulted to be of 36.2%. A sensitivity analysis on the main parameters affecting the second law efficiency of the system (such as number of cells, dimension of the stove fireplace, heat input …) is also carried out.


In collaboration with the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), the University of South Florida Health Risk Methodology Group has developed dose-time-response models to characterize neurobehavioral response to chemical exposure. The application of dose-time-response models to neurobehavioral screening tests on laboratory animals allows for benchmark dose estimation to establish exposure limits in environmental risk assessment. This thesis has advanced dose-time-response modeling by generalizing a published toxico diffusion model to allow for dose dependent time of peak effects. To accomplish this, a biphasic model was developed which adopted the effect compartment model paradigm used in pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics to estimate a distributional rate constant to account for dose related variation in the time of peak effect. The biphasic model was able to describe dosedependent time of peak effects as observed in the data on acute exposure to parathion and adequately predicted the observed response. However, the experimental design appeared insufficient in statistical power to confirm statistical significance for each parameter of interest. Motivated by the question of what design requirement might be necessary to validate the biphasic model, Monte Carlo simulation was adopted. Simulations were performed to assess the efficacy and efficiency of various experimental designs for detecting and evaluating some critical characteristics of the biphasic model, including the TOPE. The results of simulation suggest that the location of measurement times around the TOPE have important implications for assessing the statistical significance of the parameter that describes dose-dependent TOPE and that the mean squared error of the parameter estimator was improved most when testing times were viii chosen to bracket the TOPE. While dose dependent time of peak effects has underlying physiological mechanisms such as synergistic or capacity limited kinetics, the biphasic model estimates these physiological properties through a mathematical function which may be physiologically relevant but does not necessarily define physiological mechanisms underlying the response. However, if verified through further testing, the biphasic model may contribute to the USEPA's aim of developing physiologically relevant dose-response models for assessing risk of neurotoxicity with repeated measurements of response.


The witchweed, Striga hernonthica , which attacks cereal crops grown by subsistence farmers, can result in massive yield reduction in maize, sorghum, millet, upland and hungry rice and sugarcane. Estimated crop losses due to Striga in the Northern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria is up to 5-6 million US dollars annually, with attendant negative impact on the livelihood of about 60% of the farming population. Striga tolerant maize varieties aimed at reducing the losses and increasing farmers\' income have been developed. On-farm demonstrations were conducted in three agro-ecological zones of Nigeria during the 2005 cropping season. The objectives of the demonstrations were to create awareness and promote the adoption of the improved Striga tolerant maize genotype among farmers. The Striga tolerant maize varieties, Acr. 97TZL Comp.1-W, SYN2000EE-W, 99TZEE-Y STR CO, EVDT STR CO, and Acr. 94TZE Comp.5-W was compared with farmers\' varieties. Data were collected through the administration of structured questionnaire, and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and budgeting technique. This paper determines the costs and returns and describes farmers awareness and reasons for choice of the improved Striga control technologies.. The costs and returns analysis indicated that labor and fertilizer inputs accounted for greater parts of the total variable costs incurred in all the varieties. Labor cost of the improved Striga tolerant maize varieties and farmers\' varieties were 58, 57, 54, 54% and 61 and 65%, respectively while fertilizer cost were 37, 37, 40, 40%, while the farmers\' varieties were 38 and 41%, respectively in Sudan Savannah. In Northern and Southern Guinea Savannahs, labor accounted for 43 and 36% of improved maize, while the farmers\' variety was represented by 44 and 36%. Fertilizer cost accounted for 50 and 54% of the total cost production for the Striga tolerat maize variety and 51 and 55 % for farmers\' varieties. It was also found that cultivation of Striga tolerant maize varieties ( SYN2000EE-W) and farmers\' variety in Sudan Savanna was not profitable as indicated by a negative gross margin, while 99TZEE-YSTRCO,EVDSTRCO and ACR.94TZE Comp.5-W had positive gross margins. In Northern Guinea and Southern Guinea Savanna the improved Striga tolerant maize variety had positive gross margin of N1, 039.18 and N111, 040.40/ha, while for farmers variety , the gross margin was negative in Northern Guinea Savanna compared to a gross margin of N721, 981.20/ha in Southern Guinea Savanna. Keywords : Striga , Management strategy, Economic, Analysis and adoption studies Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and the Social Sciences Vol. 4 (2) 2006: pp. 60-67


The bioavailability of the drug is mainly governed by factors like partition coef-(cid:977)icient, solubility Pka, etc. The modi(cid:977)ication of these physicochemical properties can be done to enhance the bioavailability and thus effective therapy can be achieved. This research deals with the advantages of co-crystals over salts, solvates (hydrates), solid dispersions and polymorphs. A pharmaceutical cocrystal is a single crystalline solid that incorporates two neutral molecules, one being an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and the other a co-crystal former. In the present study co-crystals of Metformin Hydrochloride and Glimepiride were prepared using different co-formers. Different ratio of urea, succinic acid and tartaric acid were used to design the co-crystals. They were formulated by two different methods- cooling crystallization and solvent evaporation. The prepared co-crystals were evaluated for microscopic char-acters, product yield, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Micromeretic properties, drug content, dissolution study of co-crystals, stability studies. The results indicated that co-crystals prepared by using a suitable co-former can de(cid:977)initely enhance the dissolution rate ultimately leading to enhanced bioavailability. Out of three co-formers used to design the co-crystals, succinic acid is found to be more effective. Moreover the bioavailability of Glimepiride is more enhanced as compared to Metformin Hydrochloride as it belongs to BCS class II.


Queueing systems are studied with a last-come, first-served queueing discipline and batch arrivals generated by a finite number of non-exponential sources. A closedform expression is derived for the steady-state queue length distribution. This expression has a scaled geometric form and is insensitive to the input distribution. Moreover, an algorithm for the recursive computation of the normalizing constant and the busy source distribution is presented. The results are of both practical and theoretical interest as an extension of the standard Poisson batch input case.


In this paper, we provide a novel and simple approach to study the supermarket model with general service times. This approach is based on the supplementary variable method used in analyzing stochastic models extensively. We organize an infinite-size system of integral-differential equations by means of the density dependent jump Markov process, and obtain a close-form solution: doubly exponential structure, for the fixed point satisfying the system of nonlinear equations, which is always a key in the study of supermarket models. The fixed point is decomposited into two groups of information under a product form: the arrival information and the service information. based on this, we indicate two important observations: the fixed point for the supermarket model is different from the tail of stationary queue length distribution for the ordinary M/G/1 queue, and the doubly exponential solution to the fixed point can extensively exist even if the service time distribution is heavy-tailed. Furthermore, we analyze the exponential convergence of the current location of the supermarket model to its fixed point, and study the Lipschitz condition in the Kurtz Theorem under general service times. Based on these analysis, one can gain a new understanding how workload probing can help in load balancing jobs with general service times such as heavy-tailed service.


This article argues that in the United Kingdom currently there is a lack of an effective legal basis for challenging the imposition by employers of unfair or discriminatory dress codes in the workplace on employees or workers. Given the breadth of this topic, it will not be possible to also consider appearance or grooming standards such as outlawing beards or banning piercings or tattoos. Also consideration will be restricted to the aspects of discrimination which are contentious or most affected by dress codes or have not been dealt with in detail elsewhere namely sex and transgender discrimination. It is sadly the case that there is often uncertainty on the part of both employers and employees about when dress codes are acceptable or not and this should be addressed. There have been a number of research studies and legal cases highlighted recently which make this article timely. The cases tend to support the employers managerial prerogative to impose dress restrictions. Of recent interest is an incident where a woman was sent home from work on her first day for not wearing high heels which caused a public outcry, of which, more later. Clearly dress codes are often contentious and can lead to the discontent of employees and workers. In the absence of adequate legal protection in the United Kingdom, this article will examine what steps should be taken by management and legislators to deal with the problem of dress codes.


Constitutional review has not only expanded geographically; it has also expanded in its mission and function, acquiring new subject areas and new roles and responsibilities. In examining these new roles and responsibilities, this collection reflects on constitutional review as an aspect of constitutionalism framed in the context of multilevel governance. Bringing together a number of remarkable, yet varied, contributions, it explores how institutional changes of multilevel governance have transformed the notion, shape and substance of constitutional review. To this end, four key roles, new and old, are identified: courts act as guardian of fundamental rights, they oversee the institutional balance, they provide a deliberative forum and they assume the function of a regulatory watchdog. This book explores these different roles played by national and European courts, and the challenges brought about by the involvement in multilevel networks and the shift to new concepts of governance.


Theories of moral hazard hold that once a policyholder has obtained insurance his incentive to take care in order to avoid a particular loss diminishes. Moreover, he may even cause losses on purpose in order to receive insurance payment. In general, moral hazard on the part of the policyholder represents a big problem for underwriters of all insurance types and marine insurance is not an exception. Th is begs the question of how insurers deal with the issue of moral hazard in the marine insurance bargain. One of the methods that insurers and law makers use to deal with the possible moral hazard problem is by conditioning payment under the marine insurance policy with particular risk delimiting terms, such as warranties. In the context of marine insurance, it is presumed that the most eff ective warranty used against the possible eff ects of moral hazard is the warranty of seaworthiness which is set in Section 39 of the Marine Insurance Act (MIA) 1906. Th erefore, in this paper the author will explain why section 39 of the MIA 1906 represents an appropriate protective technique in relation to the management of moral hazard on the part of the policyholder in marine insurance contract law.


: Phenotype modulation of the human hepatoblastoma cells HepG2 treated with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was studied using indirect immunoperoxidase method with monoclonal antibodies against antigens with characteristic localization in the adult liver: cytokeratin 18, membrane antigen AGS5 and embryo-specific alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). Untreated HepG2 cells were found to contain all these antigens. However, their localization was different from that in the adult human liver. Instead of submembrane layer characteristic of liver parenchyma cells in situ, cytokeratin in HepG2 cells formed a cytoplasmic network and bundles. Membrane antigen AGC5 in HepG2 cells was fond only in the cytoplasm. Most HepG2 cells contained AFP which is absent from the adult liver cells. Under the effect of DMSO the "adult" type of cytokeratin 18 and AGS5 localization was re-established only in cells organized in dense cell layers, while in single cells or poorly compacted cell islets it remained unchanged. Treatment of HepG2 cells with DMSO resulted in a drastic decrease in the rate of AFP secretion, as well as in AFP-specific staining of either single cells or cell islets and layers. We suggest that the effect of DMSO on cell differentiation is mediated by different mechanisms. One of them can be associated with cell-to-cell interactions, while another with the direct interaction between DMSO and individual cells.


This paper constructs a new series of monetary policy surprises for the United Kingdom and estimates their effects on macroeconomic and financial variables, employing a high-frequency identification procedure. First, using local projections methods, we find that monetary policy has persistent effects on real interest rates and breakeven inflation. Second, employing our series of surprises as an instrument in a SVAR, we show that monetary policy affects economic activity, prices, the exchange rate, exports, and imports. Finally, we implement a test of overidentifying restrictions, which exploits the availability of the narrative series of monetary policy shocks computed by Cloyne and Huertgen (2014), and find no evidence that either set of shocks contains any "endogenous" response to macroeconomic variables.


Over the past decades, many countries have implemented significant reforms to foster capital market development. Latin American countries were at the forefront of this process. The authors analyze where Latin American capital markets stand after these reforms. They find that despite the intense reform effort, capital markets in Latin America remain underdeveloped relative to markets in other regions. Furthermore, stock markets are below what can be expected, given Latin America's economic and institutional fundamentals. The authors discuss alternative ways of interpreting this evidence. They argue that it is difficult to pinpoint which policies Latin American countries should pursue to overcome their poor capital market development. Moreover, they argue that expectations about the outcome of the reform process may need to be revisited to take into account intrinsic characteristics of emerging economies. The latter may limit the scope for developing deep domestic capital markets in a context of international financial integration.


An iterative method for constructing periodic orbits in nonlinear dynamical systems is developed. The method is a modification of the Generalized Newton-Raphson technique. Application of the method to numerically continuing natural and isoperiodic families in the restricted three-body problem was implemented on a high-speed computer and the results show broad regions of convergence, lack of sensitivity, and strong convergence properties of the method. Previous methods isolated periodic orbits by adjusting the initial conditions and the period of a solution of the dynamical system until the solution closed to a prescribed accuracy. The new technique is distinctly different in that it constructs a sequence of precisely periodic solutions of a system of linear differential equations which approximates the original dynamical system. This system of linear differential equations is modified at each step to more closely represent the dynamical system. The technique gives a way for both design of starting orbits for detailed study of orbit families with the methods of initial condition adjustment and for construction of elements of new orbit families. It is applicable to nonautonomous systems and a convergence theorem for this case is presented. Although the technique was applied with success to autonomous systems, a convergence theorem for the time-free case was not established. It is shown that the method will approach the desired solution in this case arbitrarily closely for computational purposes.


For those committed to greater "equality of campaign discourse," Edward Foley offers a shrewd proposal: Stop trying to limit speech in preexisting forums. The Supreme Court simply won't allow it. Instead, Professor Foley suggests, create new forums - forums that even the Supreme Court is likely to concede may be subject to equality-promoting measures - and tailor them as needed. For Professor Foley, the first place to turn is the ballot. The state could transform that space into a digitized forum for speech. By analogy to the broadcasting precedents, Professor Foley argues, the government would be free to set the terms of the debate.Professor Foley, through his call for the facilitation, rather than the limitation, of campaign-related speech, advances a powerful insight. And by combining the ballot with digital technology, he very well may have identified the rarest of creatures: a potentially effective and constitutionally permissible counterweight to other forms of campaign-related speech. The reform-minded nevertheless should tread carefully because of distortions and manipulations possible in the digital sphere.


We present an efficient heating/cooling method coupled with chemistry and UV radiative transfer that can be applied to numerical simulations of the interstellar medium (ISM). We follow the time-dependent evolution of hydrogen species (H2, H, H+), assume carbon/oxygen species (C, C+, CO, O, and O+) are in formation–destruction balance given the nonsteady hydrogen abundances, and include essential heating/cooling processes needed to capture the thermodynamics of all ISM phases. UV radiation from discrete point sources and the diffuse background is followed through adaptive ray tracing and a six-ray approximation, respectively, allowing for H2 self-shielding; cosmic-ray heating and ionization are also included. To validate our methods and demonstrate their application for a range of density, metallicity, and radiation fields, we conduct a series of tests, including the equilibrium curves of thermal pressure versus density, the chemical and thermal structure in photodissociation regions, H i-to-H2 transitions, and the expansion of H ii regions and radiative supernova remnants. Careful treatment of photochemistry and cosmic-ray ionization is essential for many aspects of ISM physics, including identifying the thermal pressure at which cold and warm neutral phases coexist. We caution that many current heating and cooling treatments used in galaxy formation simulations do not reproduce the correct thermal pressure and ionization fraction in the neutral ISM. Our new model is implemented in the MHD code Athena and incorporated in the TIGRESS simulation framework, for use in studying the star-forming ISM in a wide range of environments.


Recombinant measles nucleoprotein (N) and synthetic peptides spanning the length of the N-protein-coding region were used with a proliferation assay to identify human T-cell epitopes in vaccinated and naturally infected adults. A number of epitopes were mapped to specific regions of the measles virus N. The proliferative response of at least two donors was mediated by CD4(+) T cells in association with HLA DR antigens. Over 70% of all donors tested responded to peptides representing amino acids 271-290, 367-386, 400-420, and 483-502, suggesting that these peptides may be broadly recognized within an HLA diverse population. The most frequently recognized T-cell epitopes in both naturally infected and vaccinated donors were located in the genetically heterogeneous carboxy-terminal half of the N. Analysis of patterns of peptide reactivity among vaccinated and naturally infected subjects identified several regions of potential difference between these two groups. Peptides 221-240 and 237-256 were recognized among 100% of naturally infected donors but among only 37.5% of vaccinated donors and therefore may be of further interest in studies to investigate induction of lifelong versus transient immunity to measles. Use of chimeric molecules containing multiple well-characterized T- and B-cell epitopes or genetic alteration of attenuated vaccine virus to enhance critical T-cell responses may eventually lead to the development of a vaccine candidate that can more closely model the patterns of immune response elicited by wild-type virus.


As laser diodes (LDs) replace LEDs in the remote phosphor setup, a new class of lighting solutions emerges, giving rise to laser-excited remote phosphor (LERP) systems. While already in use in some commercial applications such as automotive lighting, these systems have not yet matured. The optical behavior of phosphors is temperature dependent, specifically the absorption coefficient, the conversion efficiency reflected in the quantum efficiency (QE) coefficient, and, to a lesser extent, the emission spectrum. For this reason, opto-thermal analysis is critical for further investigating and optimizing these systems. A steady-state opto-thermal simulation scheme that combines ray tracing in OpticStudio software with heat transfer calculations using the finite element method (F.E.M.) in ANSYS is presented and experimentally validated here. Furthermore, the temperature-dependent models established for phosphor properties are used to optimize the phosphor sample.


EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: With increasing visibility of the transgender population, and with more people openly identifying as transgender and expressing their gender nonconformity at younger ages, it is inevitable that camp administrators and staff will face the issue of inclusion of transgender campers at some point. Given that transgender and gender nonconforming youth tend to experience profound difficulties during the school year, camp can be a potential setting for positive youth development for these youth. Many professionals in camps and other recreation settings are increasingly aware of this population's varying needs and the potential positive development found within the camp experience, yet could benefit from additional tools to consider using in their camp programs. The purpose of this article is to discuss how camps can provide supports and opportunities for positive youth development for transgender and gender nonconforming youth. By examining research about gender identity formation and transgender youth in other contexts such as school and community agencies, we draw conceptual links between these studies and the summer camp literature, culminating in an overview of recommendations and strategies for people in camps aiming to be inclusive and supportive of transgender and gender nonconforming youth. We provide suggestions for management practices to support inclusion of transgender campers, and list resources for further information. Recommendations for practice include discussion of the areas of camp-level policies, communications, camp staff, and camp operations (e.g., health and programming). Camps have the opportunity and flexibility to support the participation of transgender and gender nonconforming campers by making programming and policy decisions that promote positive development for all youth. In light of increasing awareness of gender-based harassment and abuse and the developmental needs of transgender youth, it is important that camps recognize how they can provide youth a safe place from these pressures and risks as they learn and practice skills to become resilient.  Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */
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This paper examines a series of collaborations that sought new ways to ask (and answer) the following questions: How can we create an alternative perspective on new media within the context of living performance, through cutting edge technologies? How can we actively engage post-modern performance theory in relation to compositional concerns for the stage, creating innovative uses of time, space, and imagination, and introducing new frameworks for critical analysis? Combining theater and film allows us to capture and manipulate new forms of acting and playwriting, and new directorial approaches to visual layering. We openly acknowledge our view that the current American theater has great difficulty understanding the role of its own avant-garde: that to grow and thrive, the medium must keep searching for a truly viable cutting edge. These works represent that edge, coming together during performances that operate on several visual and audial levels. The work strives to keep step with the developing academic and artistic field of new digital technologies.


Recent developments in physiology and neurophysiology, biomedical monitoring, and micro-processors has made it possible to give the pilot improved electronic support and to increase flight safety. Direct brain/computer communication is a new way to combat human error. Monitoring ECG will give information on the operator's physical and mental load/overload situation as well as on impending cardiac failure. Information presented to the operator will elicit different biological patterns whether the operator is alert and takes the information into his stream of thoughts or not. Together with the reaction time, this wil give needed information about the operators alertness and responsiveness. In the future, with this approach, the computer may know on-line to what extent the operator perceives all the information given, as well as the operator's physical and mental load/overload situation and health. Brain/computer communication should be developed to support key-operating personnel and to reduce human error. Language: en


Human brain organoids provide us the means to investigate human brain development and neurological diseases, and single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies allow us to identify homologous cell types and the molecular heterogeneity between individual cells. Previously established human brain organoids of brainstem (hBSOs) and midbrain (hMBOs) were analyzed by scRNA-seq, but the difference in cellular composition between these organoids remains unclear. Here, we integrated and compared the single-cell transcriptome of hBSOs and hMBOs. Our analysis demonstrated that the hBSOs and hMBOs contain some unique cell types, including inflammatory and mesenchymal cells. Further comparison of the hBSOs and hMBOs with publicly available scRNA-seq dataset of human fetal midbrain (hMB) showed high similarity in their neuronal components. These results provide new insights into human brain organoid technologies.


Assisted living is a relatively new form of housing that received a government definition in 2007 in conjunction with a government appointed investigation of future alternative accommodation for senior citizens. The type of accommodation is intended for seniors who have the need for increased security, which may be a consequence of that they feel anxious or lonely. It concerns ordinary homes with qualities that suit needs of seniors. There is no allowance from the local municipality required in order for seniors to apply for these homes and so assisted living should not be confused with nursing homes/ sheltered housing. The purpose of this study is to identify success factors for a winning concept for assisted living in the Gothenburg region, on behalf of Skanska Project development. The thesis is geographically limited to look into the attitude of different parties regarding assisted living in the Gothenburg region. The focus is therefore on parties such as the municipality of Gothenburg, municipal and private housing companies operating within the Gothenburg region. The result of the thesis is based largely on interviews with the different parties. Most of them have a positive attitude towards assisted living but it appears that the municipalities currently possess most knowledge in the subject area. The commitment however varies greatly both between municipalities and between parties. Case studies in the form of two visits have been carried out in order to give an idea of what type of accommodation is portrayed and how the proposed business works. Whether the Swedish term for assisted living should be replaced to clarify the meaning and to attract the target audience, for marketing purposes, is discussed. Furthermore the future situation of the construction of assisted living including location, type of ownership and accountability is also discussed. The conclusions of the thesis includes an array of identified success factors assessed on six aspects: value for the end customer, the needs of seniors and their willingness to pay, project development companies´ negotiating opportunities, criteria for assisted living, municipalities' willingness to provide subsidies and economic security and feasibility. Based on the identified success factors it is estimated that a concept should have two approaches since the target group, the seniors, have different needs and lifestyles. The first approach should have focus on nursing and care aspects. The second one should focus on the value-added aspects in addition to accessibility and security. For the convenience of the contractors during the construction of assisted living, there must be more uniform building codes and criteria. In addition, cooperation between parties is a key factor for a successful outcome. The conclusions also include recommendations for further studies.


The Vlasov equation is used to determine the dispersion relation for the eigenmodes of magnetized nuclear and neutral stellar matter, taking into account the anomalous magnetic moment of nucleons. The formalism is applied to the determination of the dynamical spinodal section, a quantity that gives a good estimation of the crust-core transition in neutron stars. We study the effect of strong magnetic fields, of the order of $10^{15}-10^{17}$ G, on the extension of the crust of magnetized neutron stars. The dynamical instability region of neutron-proton-electron ($npe$) matter at subsaturation densities is determined within a relativistic mean field model. It is shown that a strong magnetic field has a large effect on the instability region, defining the crust-core transition as a succession of stable and unstable regions due to the opening of new Landau levels. The effect of the anomalous magnetic moment is non-negligible for fields larger than 10$^{15}$ G. The complexity of the crust at the transition to the core and the increase of the crust thickness may have direct impact on the properties of neutrons stars related with the crust.


Rupture of abdominal wall with formation of ventral hernia is a rare complication following blunt abdominal trauma. Small intestinal rupture within such a hernial sac, resulting from a subsequent blunt trauma is rarer still. Ventral hernias often go untreated in developing countries because of their seemingly innocuous nature, ignorance and financial constraints. Blunt trauma in patients with hernia warrants a thorough clinical examination along with evaluation for intestinal injury, since even trivial trauma can cause potentially serious intra-peritoneal visceral injury. A case of fatal traumatic ileal perforation in pre-existing post-traumatic ventral hernia (from blunt trauma sustained 10 years earlier) is being reported.


'Ragatime' is a piece of Visual Music in the form of a raga that recreates the sights and sounds of Akbar's Court at Fatehpur Sikri. As the centre of the Mughal Empire for a brief period in the 16 century, Fatehpur Sikri was remarkable for its architecture, art and music. Akbar's favourite musician, Mian Tansen, was responsible for developing a genre of Hindustani classical music known as dhrupad; it's the principles of this genre that I've encapsulated in my own interpretation of Raga Bilaskhani Todi. Ragatime starts with a free flowing alap which, as tradition dictates, sets the rasa (emotion or sentiment) of the piece. The following section, gat, is announced by rhythmic drumming which signals the soloist to begin an extended improvisation on the Raga's defined note pattern. It is the subtle differences in the order of notes, an omission of a dissonant note, an emphasis on a particular note, the slide from one note to another, and the use of microtones together with other subtleties, that demarcate one raga from another. To Western ears, raga is a musical form that remains ambiguous and elusive; only a declared master of the art, or guru, can breathe life into each raga as he or she unfolds and expands it. Similarly, a raga's tala, or rhythm, requires a freedom of expression that embraces the 'rhythm of the universe as personified by Shiva, Lord of the Dance'. It's a tradition that goes back 2000 years or more when ragas were an integral part of Vedic ceremonies in Hindu temples. For a short time, Fatehpur Sikri was the setting for Akbar's inspired patronage of the arts; it was a place where music and raga performance flourished. Tansen's fame lives on; even for present day raga performers, his compositions are regarded as being as relevant now as when they were first performed at Akbar's court.


I construct an index of sectoral dynamics to characterize changes in the sectoral composition of economic activity. There is evidence of asymmetry in different phases of business cycles with recessions being associated with larger changes in sectoral composition than expansions. I find that the correlation between dynamics in sectoral employment and aggregate output has weakened since the 1990s. Also, sectoral changes appear to be smaller and spread across more sectors, while their contribution to aggregate volatility has been increasing. I also perform a simulation exercise and replicate these documented facts. The results suggest that shifts in the sectoral composition of the economy likely contribute to the formation of business cycles. Also the duration of recessions implied by the impulse response functions from a VAR model of sectoral dynamics and aggregate output growth matches the duration of recessions observed in the data.


The objective of the analysis was to check the possibility of enriching a gene pool of a rare dog breed by breeding use of dogs of unknown origin that are phenotypically similar to a given breed. The evalu- ation was performed using pedigree and mtDNA analyses applied to Polish Hounds. The results indicated the very limited breeding success of such dogs in relation to their contributions to the gene pool and to the number of their descendants used in breeding. Dogs of unknown origin accounted for 80.9% of the total number of breed founders while the proportions of their descendants used in breeding were equal to just 14.3 and 4.7% of the total number of dams and sires, respectively. Breeders are unwilling to use such dogs and kennel judges are critical of their quality and appearance which are inconsistent with the breed standard. This may be connected with their distinct breed affiliation detected by the mtDNA analysis which showed the presence of three mtDNA haplotypes in Polish Hounds differing by a large number of substitutions. The study leads to the pessimistic conclusions that chances of enriching gene pools through breeding use of dogs of unknown origin are rather slim. The case of the Polish Hounds shows that the success of programmes for improving the genetic condition of endangered dog breeds can only be achieved in coordination between breeders and kennel authorities, and with financing from the state.


The clinical and roentgenographic findings in two patients with posterior fossa extra-axial cysts are presented, a detailed analysis of the angiographic findings of this congenital retrocerebellar leptomeningeal malformations reported and their differential diagnosis discussed.


Background : Wavelet analysis has been used to locate speed variation changes in swimmers, but this elaborated technique was not so far tested in lifesavers carrying a manikin and using one upper limb and fins for propulsion. Objective : Our purpose was to examine the feasibility of using the wavelet analysis to locate time-points of speed variation changes in a manikin carry lifesaving race using stiff and fiber fins. Method : Fourteen male lifesavers with a mean age of 20.79±4.93 years performed two 25 m all-out manikin carry swimming races using one upper limb and stiff or fiber fins for propulsion. Speed was recorded with a speedometer and its variation was analysed using a wavelet transform analysis. Video recordings were used to measure stroke rate and stroke length within each race. Results : Wavelet analysis detected, for some lifesavers, one (stiff: 10.50±1.29 vs. fiber: 9.75±0.50 s; p>0.05) and, for other lifesavers, two time-points (stiff: 6.75±0.96 and 11.50±1.29; fiber: 7.00±1.41 and 12.00±1.83 s; p>0.05) of speed variation changes. Mean speed was no different with fin types (stiff: 1.38±0.06 vs. fiber: 1.42±0.09 m∙s-1; p>0.05), as well as average, maximum and minimum speed. Stroke rate, stroke length and stroke index did not change within each race. Conclusion : Wavelet analysis was effective in detecting one and two time-points of speed variation changes within a short duration manikin carry race independently of the type of fins used. Fiber and stiff fins showed similar biomechanical and speed variations within race changes.


Previous research demonstrated object decision priming for possible, but not impossible threedimensional objects (e.g., Schacter et al. 1990; 1991). Subsequent research by Carrasco and Seamon (1996) found that when possible and impossible objects were equated for complexity, priming was observed for both object types. The present research extended the complexity results. Possible objects demonstrated object decision priming with greater classification accuracy for studied than nonstudied objects, following exposure durations of 900 ms to 30 s. The pattern for impossible objects was a function of their complexity. Highly complex impossible objects showed greater classification accuracy for nonstudied than studied objects, whereas moderately complex impossible objects showed no difference in classification accuracy, except following the longest duration where studied objects were classified more accurately than nonstudied objects. The conditions under which priming was observed for possible and impossible objects was discussed in terms of stimulus complexity and the ease of generating structural representations of the stimuli and the presence of a general response bias.


Online social networks made up of actors with different degrees of innovativeness may allow knowledge management to collect new ideas and measure their acceptance. This research investigates consumer innovativeness and relationships with the uses and participation in social networks. This research has a quantitative exploratory scope, and among the main findings, we can mention that the dimensions of the adopted scale were corroborated by using factor analysis. The findings cannot be generalized, but there are evidences that relationship between social networking and innovative consumer behavior exists. Although there are limitations, correlations were found between the social dimension of innovativeness and information search in the networks and also the use of social networking information for the decision to purchase new products.


The basic concept of tcsc working, impedance characteristic and single point and multi point resonance conditions can be easily understand by Mat lab simulation of the TCSC. The single point and multi point resonance depends upon the value of inductive reactance, capacitive reactance and resulting firing angle of the SCR. In this paper, the equivalent circuit of the TCSC, its operation, impedance characteristic and different applications are given.


The current IEC standard for wind turbine power performance measurement only requires measurement of the wind speed at hub height assuming this wind speed to be representative for the whole rotor swept area. However, the power output of a wind turbine depends on the kinetic energy flux, which itself depends on the wind speed profile, especially for large turbines. Therefore, it is important to characterize the wind profile in front of the turbine, and this should be preferably achieved by measuring the wind speed over the vertical range between lower and higher rotor tips.

In this paper, we describe an experiment in which wind speed profiles were measured in front of a multimegawatt turbine using a ground–based pulsed lidar. Ignoring the vertical shear was shown to overestimate the kinetic energy flux of these profiles, in particular for those deviating significantly from a power law profile. As a consequence, the power curve obtained for these deviant profiles was different from that obtained for the 'near power law' profiles. An equivalent wind speed based on the kinetic energy derived from the measured wind speed profile was then used to plot the performance curves. The curves obtained for the two kinds of profiles were very similar, corresponding to a significant reduction of the scatter for an undivided data set. This new method for power curve measurement results in a power curve less sensitive to shear. It is therefore expected to eventually reduce the power curve measurement uncertainty and improve the annual energy production estimation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Electroactive polymers (EAPs) have been widely employed as smart material for actuators in recent years. Numerous investigations have focused on static or quasi-static applications. For the use as actuators in the field of active vibration control (AVC); however, the dynamic behavior needs to be studied in detail and the inherent nonlinear effects demand new control concepts. Since AVC applications have only recently been considered for EAP actuators, only a few studies have been published in this area so far . In this paper, the nonlinearities in a dielectric elastomer (DE) actuator and their consequences for dynamic applications are analyzed on a theoretical level first and then shown to be practically relevant in an experimental setup. Afterward, two compensation methods are presented and their improving influence on the dynamic behavior proven. Finally, the DE actuator is included in an active closed-loop control system and its potential for AVC demonstrated. Furthermore, a MATLAB/SIMULINK model of the whole system is presented, its general validity shown, and its potential for future system development processes highlighted.


Adipose tissue was shown to contain 0.6-1.6 mg of cholesterol per gram wet weight. When expressed per unit of protein or organ mass, fat tissue contains more cholesterol than most other organs or membranes. The cholesterol content of fat tissue increased with the age and weight of the rat. Over 95% of adipose tissue sterols was cholesterol, and most of it was free. In young (150-165 g) rats two-thirds of fat tissue cholesterol was in collagenase-derived adipocytes while in older rats (450-480 g) 90% of fat tissue cholesterol was in adipocytes and the remainder was in stromal-vascular elements. Age-related differences in subcellular cholesterol distribution were also observed. The cholesterol/phospholipid molar ratios of purified plasma membrane fractions from small and large fat cells were identical (0.22-0.25), thus resembling muscle and liver membranes. 7.5 days after intravenous ad- ministration of (4-14C)cholesterol the specific activity of adi- pose cholesterol exceeded that of plasma cholesterol. At 28 days the specific activity of adipose and muscle cholesterol exceeded that of plasma three- to fivefold. The tl,, disappear- ance of adipose tissue cholesterol was approximately 27 days, which is consistent with its function as a slowly turning over storage pool. Thus, fat tissue is a major cholesterol storage organ. This may well account for the marked expansion of the slowly ex- changeable cholesterol pool (pool B) observed in obesity.


CONTEXT
There are no controlled studies on surgical treatment of diffuse low-grade gliomas (LGGs), and management is controversial.

OBJECTIVE
To examine survival in population-based parallel cohorts of LGGs from 2 Norwegian university hospitals with different surgical treatment strategies.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS
Both neurosurgical departments are exclusive providers in adjacent geographical regions with regional referral practices. In hospital A diagnostic biopsies followed by a "wait and scan" approach has been favored (biopsy and watchful waiting), while early resections have been advocated in hospital B (early resection). Thus, the treatment strategy in individual patients has been highly dependent on the patient's residential address. Histopathology specimens from all adult patients diagnosed with LGG from 1998 through 2009 underwent a blinded histopathological review to ensure uniform classification and inclusion. Follow-up ended April 11, 2011. There were 153 patients (66 from the center favoring biopsy and watchful waiting and 87 from the center favoring early resection) with diffuse LGGs included.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
The prespecified primary end point was overall survival based on regional comparisons without adjusting for administered treatment. Results Initial biopsy alone was carried out in 47 (71%) patients served by the center favoring biopsy and watchful waiting and in 12 (14%) patients served by the center favoring early resection (P < .001). Median follow-up was 7.0 years (interquartile range, 4.5-10.9) at the center favoring biopsy and watchful waiting and 7.1 years (interquartile range, 4.2-9.9) at the center favoring early resection (P=.95). The 2 groups were comparable with respect to baseline parameters. Overall survival was significantly better with early surgical resection (P=.01). Median survival was 5.9 years (95% CI, 4.5-7.3) with the approach favoring biopsy only while median survival was not reached with the approach favoring early resection. Estimated 5-year survival was 60% (95% CI, 48%-72%) and 74% (95% CI, 64%-84%) for biopsy and watchful waiting and early resection, respectively. In an adjusted multivariable analysis the relative hazard ratio was 1.8 (95% CI, 1.1-2.9, P=.03) when treated at the center favoring biopsy and watchful waiting.

CONCLUSIONS
For patients in Norway with LGG, treatment at a center that favored early surgical resection was associated with better overall survival than treatment at a center that favored biopsy and watchful waiting. This survival benefit remained after adjusting for validated prognostic factors.


[From the Introduction]. What kind of institution or set of institutions is the European Community (EC) becoming? What kind of decisions is it likely to take and how is it likely to take them? The discussion in this paper will revolve around three possible scenarios for the EC's future development, which differ in terms of the strength of central EC institutions, the extent of the enlargement process and the character of the legislation enacted at EC level. The first assumes that the EC will not develop strong central institutions, that it will be willing and able to accommodate as many states in Europe as wish to join and that it will only legislate to the extent necessary to ensure the efficient regulation of the large economic area due to emerge out of the 1992 programme. The second supposes that EC institutions will continue to place a premium on the equal status of all members and hence the need to respect rules of equity in decisions taken, that candidates for membership will find it difficult to obtain the endorsement of all concerned for their applications, and that regulations wilI seek not just to create a level economic playing field but also to combat economic disparities between members. And the third takes as its premise that the decisional structure will be strengthened with greater stress on individual members making sacrifices in the interests of the whole, that the decisions on enlargement will reflect the position of the majority and that the shape of the legislative agenda will be similarly be determined by a majority with no one member able to block its development.


We provide a catalog of 391 mid-infrared-selected (MIR; 24 μm) broad-emission-line (BEL; type 1) quasars in the 22 deg2 SWIRE Lockman Hole field. This quasar sample is selected in the MIR from Spitzer MIPS with S24 > 400 μJy, jointly with an optical magnitude limit of r (AB) < 22.5 for broad line identification. The catalog is based on MMT and Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) spectroscopy to select BEL quasars, extending the SDSS coverage to fainter magnitudes and lower redshifts, and recovers a more complete quasar population. The MIR-selected quasar sample peaks at z ∼ 1.4 and recovers a significant and constant (20%) fraction of extended objects with SDSS photometry across magnitudes, which were not included in the SDSS quasar survey dominated by point sources. This sample also recovers a significant population of z < 3 quasars at i > 19.1. We then investigate the continuum luminosity and line profiles of these MIR quasars, and estimate their virial black hole masses and the Eddington ratios. The supermassive black hole mass shows evidence of downsizing, although the Eddington ratios remain constant at 1 < z < 4. Compared to point sources in the same redshift range, extended sources at z < 1 show systematically lower Eddington ratios. The catalog and spectra are publicly available online.


Software Requirements Specification (SRS) is one of the most important artifacts produced during the software development lifecycle. In practice, requirements specifications are initially written in natural language, which allows them to be corrupted with different forms of ambiguity that eventually may contribute to critical failure in the subsequent phases of the system's development, if they are not detected at the time of requirements validation. The objective of this work is to study possible automation of detecting ambiguity in SRS documents by means of a text classification system. The work is a part of a larger project aimed at applying Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques to assess the quality of SRS documents. In the absence of a standard annotated corpus, we collected SRS samples and carried out corpus annotation process to build corpora of our own, one at the sentence-level and the other at the discourse-level. The annotators were trained with an annotation guideline, which was written based on the quality model that we had developed. The process showed substantial level of inter-annotator agreement indicating the possibility of automating the task by a tool that can accurately emulate the human annotation process. The resultant corpus was then used for training and testing our text classification system. We set the scope of this thesis to detect ambiguity at the level of surface understanding only, since the indicators of its possible existence in text can be realistically extracted by the currently available NLP tools. We developed two different decision-tree-based text classification systems that worked at the sentence-level and the discourse-level, and conducted a series of experiments training and testing the classifier with different sets of features. Finally, merging the two classifiers together yielded optimum results with an accuracy of 86.67% in detecting ambiguity at the level of surface understanding. To our knowledge, none of the previous work in the field of Requirements Engineering (RE) has tested the applicability or performance of using a text classification system to automate the detection of textual ambiguities. Our work, thus, provided significant evidence on the prospect and feasibility of using a text classifier to automate ambiguity detection in SRS documents. Keywords. Software Requirements Specification, Text Classification, Natural Language Processing


Organizations and the information systems that support them are artificial and intentionally designed artifacts. Policies and procedures created by an organization define how specific events affect the states of things about which the organization is concerned. Active information systems are designed to participate in the operation and management of organizational processes. They calculate and ascribe state to material and artificial things according to rules designed by the organization and activated when identified events occur. The ontological definition of an event as a state-transition proscribes the representation of events as entities. The resultant conceptualization of an information system as a state-tracking mechanism obscures the critical role that events play in active information systems. Effective analysis and design of such systems requires a more substantive ontological definition of an event as an entity having both identity and properties. Included in an event's properties are the rules that govern state transitions caused by the event. The resultant conceptualization of an information system is an event-processing mechanism, actively interpreting and re-interpreting events with respect to extant and posed rules. This ontological definition treats things and events uniformly as entities enabling them to have appropriate representations at the conceptual level. It provides a context in which learning can be represented through the definition, identification, and classification of critical events and the evaluation and evolution of rules governing their effects. Additional research is needed to develop and evaluate conceptual modeling grammars and methods that implement this event conceptualization within an information system development methodology.


The experiments were aimed at describing in detail some interactions between a solid tumor growing from subcutaneously transplanted G:5:113 fibrosarcoma cells in vivo and its mouse host. The tumor was found to elevate significantly the number of granulocytes in the peripheral blood of the host after having achieved the volume of about 1 cm3 (day 40 after transplantation). Blood plasma from fibrosarcoma-bearing mice stimulated proliferation of progenitor cells for granulocytes and macrophages (GM-CFC) in vitro and suppressed growth of G:5:113 cell population in culture. Interestingly, both effects were observable as early as week 1 when the tumor was still macroscopically invisible and unpalpable. Conditioned medium from cultures of G:5:113 fibrosarcoma cells stimulated proliferation of GM-CFC in vitro. These findings might represent a starting point for studies aimed at designing new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of fibrosarcoma.


Single photons are a natural platform for quantum technologies as they support entanglement in many degrees of freedom and are inherently well protected from a detrimental type of noise called decoherence. In order to fully exploit photons for quantum technologies, it will be necessary to be able to shape, control, and measure their properties in all degrees of freedom: space, time, frequency, and polarization. The time-frequency degree of freedom of light is of particular interest for quantum information tasks as it supports various encodings, including frequency bins and time bins, and is intrinsically robust for propagation through long-distance fibre links. Applications which harness quantum correlations in this degree of freedom, referred to as energy-time entanglement, include dispersion cancellation and high-dimensional quantum key distribution. However, detection of this entanglement and observation of these effects requires time resolution beyond the capabilities of current photon detectors. Thus, for operations on ultrafast time scales, more powerful and complex methods are required. In this thesis, we use a nonlinear technique known as optical gating to surpass the limitations in current detectors and measure single photon pairs, improving the time resolution by two orders of magnitude. When a single photon enters a nonlinear medium at the same time as a strong laser pulse, it may upconvert to a higher energy photon. The strong laser pulse effectively acts as an ultrafast shutter or gate and this creates a high resolution snapshot of the photon in time. Optical gating in conjunction with single photon spectrometers then allow us to measure both the spectral and temporal features of photons on subpicosecond time scales. These high resolution measurements enable us to explore a host of quantum effects which remained previously inaccessible. First, we directly observe energy-time entanglement, analogous to Einstein-Rosen-Podolsky correlations but in frequency and time. Then, with full control over the dispersion of each photon, we observe nonlocal dispersion cancellation on femtosecond time scales. We also explore ultrafast interferometry in the quantum domain by temporally resolving two-photon interference from a Franson interferometer and observe a violation of the CHSH-Bell inequality. Finally, we show that, using these measurements, it is possible to reconstruct a two-photon energy-time entangled state. Such measurement capabilities will be essential to precisely control both the spectral and temporal shape of entangled photons and to develop new applications in quantum state engineering.


Many cancer patients use psychological therapies because they expect them to cure their cancer or to improve their recovery. Despite these high expectations, both patients and oncologists report being moderately to very satisfied with the results of psychological therapies. Previous reviews of the literature have concluded that psychological therapies may help cancer patients in various ways, ranging from reducing the side effects of cancer treatments to improving patients' immune function and longevity. However, because those reviews lacked methodologic rigor, we critically and systematically reviewed all identifiable publications about psychological therapies used by cancer patients to provide an objective and scientific evaluation of nontraditional therapies. We identified 627 relevant papers that reported on 329 intervention trials by searching MEDLINE, Healthplan, Psychlit, and Allied and Complementary Medicine databases and in the bibliographies of the papers identified. Despite increased use of randomized, controlled trial designs over time, the methodologic quality of the intervention trials, on 10 internal validity indicators, was generally suboptimal, with only one trial achieving a quality rating of "good" for its methodology. Using effectiveness results from 34 trials with psychosocial outcomes, 28 trials with side effect outcomes, 10 trials with conditioned side-effect outcomes, and 10 trials with survival or immune outcomes, we make only tentative recommendations about the effectiveness of psychological therapies for improving cancer patients' outcomes. Nevertheless, by exploring the relative effectiveness of the different intervention strategies for each outcome and follow-up period, we suggest the specific therapies that should be considered for further investigation. In addition, we suggest how future trials can maximize their internal validity by describing the minimal reporting standards that should be required in this field.


Efficient air-conditioning systems facilitate climate control in modern museums, libraries, and archives. The climate in Hong Kong is typically hot and humid, so the survival of collections is highly dependent on 24-hour air-conditioning systems to maintain the desired environment in repositories of archives and books, or artefact stores. The continuous operation of such systems in turn relies on a number of factors, such as uninterrupted electricity supply, an active maintenance programme, daily monitoring of their performance and quick response to irregularities as well as backup or alternative systems to support the air-conditioning load in case they are down for servicing. From the risk management point of view, unlike the latter four factors, electricity supply is an external factor that cannot be guaranteed. Fluctuation in the power level that results in stoppage of air-conditioning equipment is not uncommon even in well-developed countries. Long power outages could be catastrophic as they might lead to irreversible damage to collection items as a result of fast, large, changes in temperature and relative humidity (RH) towards the external environment if the air-tightness or hygrothermal stability of the storage are not good enough. Understanding storage environmental stability, especially during electrical power disruptions, is an essential part of the preservation measures and disaster preparedness necessary to protect valuable collections in cultural heritage institutions in the region.


Groundwater age is often used to estimate groundwater recharge through a simplified analytical approach. This estimated recharge is thought to be representative of the mean recharge between the point of entry and the sampling point. However, given the complexity in actual recharge, whether the mean recharge is reasonable is still unclear. This study examined the validity of the method to estimate long‐term average groundwater recharge and the possibility of obtaining reasonable spatial recharge pattern. We first validated our model in producing reasonable age distributions using a constant flux boundary condition. We then generated different flow fields and age patterns by using various spatially varying flux boundary conditions with different magnitudes and wavelengths. Groundwater recharge was estimated and analysed afterwards using the method at the spatial scale. We illustrated the main findings with a field example in the end. Our results suggest that we can estimate long‐term average groundwater recharge with 10% error in many parts of an aquifer. The size of these areas decreases with the increase in both the amplitude and the wavelength. The chance of obtaining a reasonable groundwater recharge is higher if an age sample is collected from the middle of an aquifer and at downstream areas. Our study also indicates that the method can also be used to estimate local groundwater recharge if age samples are collected close to the water table. However, care must be taken to determine groundwater age regardless of conditions.


In the final year of a three-year study of lameness in dairy cattle, 40 herds were allocated to either an intervention (22) or control (18) group. Farms in the intervention group were visited by a veterinarian who made up to 16 recommendations to reduce the incidence of lameness based on potential risks for lameness observed at that visit. Farms in the control group were visited and the
same observations were made, but no changes recommended. All farms were visited on three further occasions to score the locomotion of all cows and collect information on changes made to the farm. Before intervention, the mean herd size, lactation average milk
yield per cow and prevalence of severely lame cows were 122, 8,157 l and 9.85% for the control group and 109, 7,807 l and 9.14% for the intervention group. After the intervention there were no significant differences between the treatments in terms of the change
in prevalence of severely lame cows or the change in rate of sole ulcer, white line disease or digital dermatitis. The overall uptake of recommendations was 41.3%. There were no significant correlations between the percentage of risks addressed and the rate of sole
ulcer or prevalence of severely lame cows and only a non-significant trend for white line disease. Improvements to cubicle dimensions were associated with a reduction in the rate of sole ulcer, and changing nutrition and adding biotin to the ration were associated with a reduction in white line disease. Conversely, increasing the amount of sawdust to cubicle floors was associated with increased rate of sole ulcer and white line disease and improving cubicle dimensions was associated with increased rate of white line disease.


One of the major challenges for the wireless network design is the efficient mobility management, which can be addressed globally (macromobility) and locally (micromobility). Mobile Internet protocol (IP) is a commonly accepted standard to address global mobility of mobile hosts (MHs). It requires the MHs to register with the home agents (HAs) whenever their care-of addresses change. However, such registrations may cause excessive signaling traffic and long service delay. To solve this problem, the hierarchical mobile IP (HMIP) protocol was proposed to employ the hierarchy of foreign agents (FAs) and the gateway FAs (GFAs) to localize registration operations. However, the system performance is critically affected by the selection of GFAs and their reliability. In this paper, we introduce a novel dynamic hierarchical mobility management strategy for mobile IP networks, in which different hierarchies are dynamically set up for different users and the signaling burden is evenly distributed among the network. To justify the effectiveness of our proposed scheme, we develop an analytical model to evaluate the signaling cost. Our performance analysis shows that the proposed dynamic hierarchical mobility management strategy can significantly reduce the system signaling cost under various scenarios and the system robustness is greatly enhanced. Our analysis also shows that the new scheme can outperform the Internet Engineering Task Force mobile IP hierarchical registration scheme in terms of the overall signaling cost. The more important contribution is the novel analytical approach in evaluating the performance of mobile IP networks.


OBJECTIVE
To study echocardiographic parameters of left ventricular systolic function and valvar regurgitation under pharmacological influence in mildly symptomatic patients with chronic mitral regurgitation (MR).

METHODS
We carried out a double-blind placebo controlled study in 12 patients with MR, mean aged 12.5 years old, who were randomized in 4 phases: A) digoxin; B) enalapril; C) digoxin + enalapril; D) placebo. The medication was administered for 30 days in each phase, and the following variables were analyzed: shortening and ejection fractions, wall stress index of left ventricle, left ventricular meridional end-systolic wall stress, Doppler-derived mean rate of left ventricular pressure rise (mean dP/dt), stroke volume and MR jet area. The clinical variables analysed were heart rate and systemic arterial pressure.

RESULTS
No significant variation was observed in the clinical variables analysed. The shortening and ejection fraction, the mean dP/dt and stroke volume significantly increased and the wall stress index of left ventricle, the meridional left ventricular end systolic wall stress and the mitral regurgitation jet area decreased in the phases with medication as compared with that in the placebo phase.

CONCLUSION
The parameters of left ventricular systolic function improved significantly and the degree of MR decreased with the isolated administration of digoxin or enalapril in mildly symptomatic patients with chronic MR. The combination of the drugs, however, did not show better results.


Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) has been measured in the water, soil, air or biota at several uncontrolled hazardous waste sites. At one of these sites in Louisiana, 9,500,000 ppb have been measured in the oily fraction of an oil-water mixture taken from a monitoring well, and in water of nearby wells at concentrations up to 28 ppb. HCB has been detected in solid wastes and sediments at concentrations up to 6,000,000 ppb at a site in Michigan, while fish in a nearby creek contained up to 50 ppb. At other sites, HCB has been detected in air. Thus, exposure to this chemical may occur by several routes. Hazardous waste sites containing HCB, which are now being cleaned up under Superfund, include sites used for disposal of by-products of rubber manufacture, liquid-waste processing and incineration, and pesticide production. The variety of known sources of HCB suggests that its occurrence in hazardous waste sites may be widespread.


We propose here an approach for learning parameters in Bayesian networks from incomplete datasets that are subject to equivalence constraints. These equivalence constraints arise from datasets where examples are tied together, in that we may not know the value of a particular variable, but whatever that value is, we know it must be the same across different examples. We formalize the problem by defining the notion of a constrained dataset — a dataset with equivalence constraints — and a corresponding constrained likelihood that we seek to optimize. We derive an EM algorithm to estimate parameters from constrained datasets, which reduces to the vanilla EM algorithm when estimating parameters from traditional datasets. Finally, we evaluate our general approach in clustering problems from semi-supervised learning, showing that it is competitive with more specialized approaches.


The organic material price project studies the methods and tools to improve the provision of information on 'Economic opportunities for organic farming in the EU Member Countries'. An important issue is the improvement of the quality and the speed of relevant information for policy purposes, for statistics and research on the farm sector. The report presents proposals on this as well as the results of analyses on (1) the relationship between the prices of organic products and prices of conventional products; (2) economic results of organic compared to similar sized conventional farms.


Prognostic biomarkers at initial diagnosis of untreated Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) are an important step towards development of predictive biomarkers in this patient pool for personalized medicine. We hypothesize that quantitative imaging biomarkers are independent to gene expression biomarkers in progression-free-survival (PFS) prognosis and overall survival (OS). It is known that patient with large strong enhancing tumor have a shorter PFS and OS. Weak enhancing tumor, which is believed to be more infiltrative in nature, has rarely been studied due to the difficulties in identifying them visually. Method: We developed an automated image analysis technique to quantify weak enhancing tumor, strongly enhancing tumor, edema and necrosis from a single source site (n = 25) of TCIA with gene expression from TCGA. We define tumor volume (in cm 3 ) of Zone1A as the enhancing tumor plus necrosis; Zone1B as necrosis plus weak enhancing tumor; and Zone2 as total tumor load of necrosis, strong enhancing and weak enhancing tumor. Cox proportional hazard model was used to determine prognostic significance of imaging parameters to PFS and OS. Level 1 gene expression data from Affymetrix platform were processed in R. We filter the gene probe list to 7277 probes (31.9%) based on biological variability and take the probes that are >2-fold upregulated compared to normal control (n = 10) (t-test, p Result: There are 19 matched cases with imaging and gene expression with one living patient. MGMT is methylated in 4 patients and unmethylated in 10 patients. All cases are non-G-CIMP and IDH1 WT or unknown. The age and karnofsky score (kps) distribution are 55±15 yo and 85±11. Tumor size measurements are strongly prognostic for PFS adjusted by age and kps: Zone1A (HR = 1.04 [1.01, 1.07], p = 0.0137, log-rank p = 0.063), Zone1B (HR = 1.08 [1.03, 1.13], p = 0.0014, log-rank p = 0.00020), Zone 2 (HR = 1.037 [1.012 1.063], p = 0.0034, log-rank p = 0.011). Only 18 gene probes are prognostic to PFS, which are CASP4, CD44, COL5A1, COL6A2, HCP5, IL10RB, IL15, LOXL2, LY75, PTX3, SERPINEH1, SLC16A3, STC1, TNC. These genes are involved in ECM-receptor interaction, focal adhesion and cytokine mediated inflammation pathway. After adjusting for age and kps, only CD44, COL5A1, COL6A2, LOXL2, IL10RB, STC1 are significant based on log-rank test while the HR of age and kps are not significant. Adjusting for age, kps and Zone1B resulted to log-rank significance of CASP4, LOXL2, TNC, IL10RB, IL15, PTX3, STC1, HCP5, SLC16A3, with HR significance of Zone1B, gene, age and sometimes kps. The mean HR of Zone1B is 1.085±0.013 and the maximum log-rank p = 0.0002567 for all these genes. Conclusion: Total tumor load of necrosis and weak enhancing tumor is a strong independent prognostic biomarker of PFS in addition to gene, age and kps. Citation Format: Kelvin K. Wong, Stephen TC Wong. Prognostic biomarkers for progression-free survival in glioblastoma multiforme: quantitative imaging and gene expressions. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 5281. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-5281


Paclitaxel (PTX) is usual for the treatment of a variety of malignancies, however, its applications are greatly limited due to its poor water solubility. Over the past years, there has been a considerable research interest in the area of nanoscale drug delivery systems (DDSs) as carrier for PTX due to their solubilization, safety, targeting and controlled release. There are many different types and shapes of nanoscale DDSs that have been prepared to deliver PTX, including nanoliposome, lipid nanoemulsion, nanosuspension, nanocapsule, nanofiber, nanotube, nanopolymersome, micelle and nanoparticle (NP). Nanoscale DDSs can be based on lipids, proteins, polysaccharides, polymers or other materials. The recent strategic developments of PTX formulation have been discussed with emphasis on lipid-, polymer- and protein-based nanoscale DDSs. Here we focus on the comparative analysis of the preparation, morphology, solubilization, targeting, penetrability, controllability and efficacy profile of various PTX-loaded nanoscale DDSs, which were reported in the different researches. Meanwhile the advantages and disadvantages are also discussed for each type of DDS. Furthermore, the current review embodies an in-depth discussion of human serum albumin (HSA) NP formulation, which showed significantly great efficacy and low toxicity. All the information obtained in this review might shed light on designing new and better nanoscale PTX formulations for potential anticancer applications in the clinic.


High levels of anthropogenic impact on the environment requires a detailed study of the features of the influence of heavy metals and ionizing radiation on living organisms, and provides for the development and use of effective means of protecting the body from its negative influence. The purpose of the work was to study the characteristics of the exchange of bile pigments of rats under the action of ecopathogenic factors (ionizing radiation and cadmium) on the organism and the corrective properties of liposomes on the basis of milk phospholipids. An analysis of the chromatographic studies of bilirubin and derivatives (nonconjugated bilirubin, bilirubin sulfate, billirubin glucuronide, urobilin and stercobilin) in the whole blood, liver, jejunum contents and feces under the action on the animal organism of ecopathogenic factors (ionizing radiation and cadmium) indicate material violation of the exchange bile pigments that may be due to the destabilization of the structural and functional hot hepatocytes. Correction of the liposomal form of biologically active additive (BAA) FLP-MD is recommended; the latter is a mixture of phospholipids isolated from milk, with a mixture of unsaturated fatty acids (oleic, linoleic, linolenic) and antioxidants (alpha-tocopherol and retinol acetate). The additive components exhibit the reparative effect of the action in respect of the damaged membrane structures with simultaneous improving of cholepoietic and billiation liver function, and therefore contribute to the normalization of exchange og bile pigments in terms of action on the body ecopathogenic factors.


MPV17 is an inner mitochondrial membrane protein whose mutation results in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion diseases such as neurohepatopathy. MPV17 is expressed in several organs including the liver and kidneys. Here, we investigated its role and mechanism of action in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Using isolated hearts from wild type and Mpv17 mutant (Mpv17mut) mice, we found that mtDNA levels and normal cardiac function were similar between the groups. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitochondrial morphology, and calcium levels required to trigger mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening were all similar in normal/non-ischemic animals. However, following I/R, we found that mutant mice had poorer cardiac functional recovery and exhibited more mitochondrial structural damage. We also found that after I/R, Mpv17mut heart mitochondria did not produce more ROS than wild type hearts but that calcium retention capacity was gravely compromised. Using immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry, we identified ATP synthase, Cyclophilin D, MIC60 and GRP75 as proteins critical to mitochondrial cristae organization and calcium handling that interact with MPV17, and this interaction is reduced by I/R. Together our results suggest that MPV17 has a protective function in the heart and is necessary for recovery following insults to the heart.


OBJECTIVE
We sought to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of utilizing radiotherapy (RT) with standard fractionation, with or without intraoperative RT (IORT), to treat locally recurrent rectal cancer (LRRC).

METHODS
Retrospective review of 25 patients with LRRC treated with standard fractionation RT from 2005 to 2011. 15 patients (60%) had prior pelvic RT and 10 (40%) had synchronous metastases. The median equivalent dose in 2-Gy fractions was 30 and 49.6 Gy in patients with and without prior RT, respectively. 23 patients (92%) received concurrent chemotherapy and 16 (64%) underwent surgical resection. Eight patients (33.3%, four with and four without prior RT) received IORT. A competing risks model was developed to estimate the cumulative incidence of local failure with death treated as a competing event.

RESULTS
Median follow-up was 36.9 months after the date of local recurrence. 3-year rates of overall survival (OS), local control (LC) and death with LC were 51.6%, 73.3% and 69.2%, respectively. On multivariable analysis, surgical resection was significantly predictive of improved OS (p < 0.05). If surgical resection were removed from the multivariable model, given the collinearity between IORT delivery and surgical resection, then IORT also became a significant predictor of OS (p < 0.05). Systemic disease at the time of local recurrence was not associated with either LC or OS. No patient had grade ≥3 acute or late toxicity.

CONCLUSION
RT with standard fractionation is safe and effective in the treatment of patients with LRRC, even in patients with significant risk of systemic disease and/or history of prior RT. Advances in knowledge: The utility of RT with standard fractionation, generally with chemotherapy, in the treatment of LRRC is demonstrated. In this high-risk cohort of patients with a 40% incidence of synchronous metastatic disease, surgical resection of the recurrence was the major predictor of OS, though a benefit to IORT was also suggested. No patients had grade ≥3 acute or late toxicity, though 40% had undergone prior RT, underscoring the tolerability of standard fractionation RT in this setting.


Volunteer-based biodiversity monitoring schemes are currently developed and tested for feasibility in and for agricultural landscapes in Germany. For the assessment of the effectiveness and efficiency of volunteer-based biodiversity monitoring schemes, indicators are required but so far, such indicators have neither been developed nor tested. Here, sets of indicators are developed and presented based on evidence from scientific literature and from the volunteers' perspectives. As a starting point of the development of indicators, challenges for volunteers need to be identified that may hinder them from taking part in the schemes and from achieving project goals. On the basis of formulated actions to overcome these challenges, three sets of indicators are derived, covering the areas of i) capacity building for volunteer-based engagement, (ii) appreciation and valuing of volunteer commitment, and (iii) education and learning in volunteer-based approaches. Indicators are developed to potentially serve internal and external communication and act as project quality assurance measures. At the same time, the presented indicators may potentially also be applied by decision-makers in policy as well as by funding agencies. In a next step, indicators are co-developed using participatory evaluation approaches to combine conventionally developed indicators with indicators developed with members of the community of practitioners. Implementing indicators in practice as well as regular reflections and revisions will ensure an adaptive quality assurance system for volunteer-based biodiversity monitoring and beyond.


We study Lagrangian Perturbation Theory (LPT) and its regularization in the Effective Field Theory (EFT) approach. We evaluate the LPT displacement with the same phases as a corresponding N-body simulation, which allows us to compare perturbation theory to the non-linear simulation with significantly reduced cosmic variance, and provides a more stringent test than simply comparing power spectra. We reliably detect a non-vanishing leading order EFT coefficient and a stochastic displacement term, uncorrelated with the LPT terms. This stochastic term is expected in the EFT framework, and, to the best of our understanding, is not an artifact of numerical errors or transients in our simulations. This term constitutes a limit to the accuracy of perturbative descriptions of the displacement field and its phases, corresponding to a 1% error on the non-linear power spectrum at k = 0.2 h−1Mpc at z = 0. Predicting the displacement power spectrum to higher accuracy or larger wavenumbers thus requires a model for the stochastic displacement.


Over the last decade, CUDA and the underlying GPU hardware architecture have continuously gained popularity in various high-performance computing application domains such as climate modeling, computational chemistry, or machine learning. Despite this popularity, we lack a single coherent programming model for GPU clusters. We therefore introduce the dCUDA programming model, which implements device-side remote memory access with target notification. To hide instruction pipeline latencies, CUDA programs over-decompose the problem and over-subscribe the device by running many more threads than there are hardware execution units. Whenever a thread stalls, the hardware scheduler immediately proceeds with the execution of another thread ready for execution. This latency hiding technique is key to make best use of the available hardware resources. With dCUDA, we apply latency hiding at cluster scale to automatically overlap computation and communication. Our benchmarks demonstrate perfect overlap for memory bandwidth-bound tasks and good overlap for compute-bound tasks.


: This paper represent the survey on reciprocating gas compressor and there effects on different location whether it is onshore or offshore. Reciprocating air compressors are the foremost ordinarily used compressor for domestic and industrial functions. These papers also investigate the improving volumetric efficiency of two stage reciprocating gas compressor by providing IC Tube bundle and cooling system. These surveys perform the experiments of a two-stage with double-cylinder reciprocating gas compressor system with gas and different cooling systems were performed. This study develops a higher understanding on the impact of honing within the cylinder that reduces the surface roughness within the cylinder and ends up in bigger air output. In these review paper there are various things that are considered for designing the cylinder for the purpose of compressing the gas in differential uses. In these review the effect on reciprocating is seen whether it is steady state or in a thermal state conditions, so to get this results they have done assessments on various conditions and for various purpose. The aim of these survey papers is to define the proper way of research done on reciprocating compressor i.e. the research paper data, methodology, verification and validation, the way of results and discussion of various assessments test, etc. This paper mainly focus on the positive displacement compressor and that of the sub part is reciprocating gas compressor and their design, modelling, analysis and development i.e. from raw stage to the final stage of reciprocating gas compressor. From these survey we also find the whole process of reciprocating gas compressor and their future scope.


Many authors have demonstrated simplification of the species composition of the normal microflora in animals long kept in a closed environment. The purpose of the present work is to reveal the effect of such simplification (without reduction of the total number of bacteria) on the immunocompetent system of the animals. Three months old germ-free, monocontaminated (Staph. albus) and conventional guinea pigs with reduced fecal microflora were used in this study. Guinea pigs of the second group were fed a sterile diet but were kept in an ordinary vivarium. Two groups of control animals were: 1) conventionals fed regular diets; 2) conventionals fed the diet contaminated with fecal microflora of guinea pigs after sterilization. The fecal microflora was examined. The total number of bacteria in faeces of monocontaminated and microflora-reduced conventional animals was approximately the same as in conventional controls. Various lymphoid organs were examined. Their weight, size, number and activity of germinal centres, amount of globulin-producing cells, their differentiation and amount of globulins in single cells were determined. The lymphoid tissue in microflora-reduced animals and especially in monocontaminated guinea pigs was found to be underdeveloped. These changes were, however, less pronounced than in germ-free animals. It is suggested that simplification of the microflora in a macro-organism during long-term enclosure reduces the lymphoid tissue; such a macro-organism may develop severe reactions of the microbial shock, when occurring in a normal microbial environment.


A method for histochemical determination of noradrenergic nerve fibers in human bladder biopsies is described. The importance of an objective criterium for distinguishing between specific noradrenaline fluorescence and autofluorescence of connective tissue is stressed. In 2 females and 3 males without neurogenic bladder disease the noradrenergic innervation of the detrusor as well as the trigonal muscle was found very scarce.


The study was carried out to investigate the manufacturing possibility of Silicon Carbide (SiC) by direct Powder Bed Selective Laser Processing (PBSLP) experimentally and numerically. The experimental study was carried out by means of PBSLP while the numerical study was accomplished by developing a CFD model. The CFD model simulates accurately realistic conditions of the PBSLP process. A user-defined code, that describes the process parameters such as laser power, scanning speed, scanning strategies, and hatching distance has been developed and compiled to ANSYS FLUENT 2020 R1. Also, the model was validated with the available published data from the literature. The model was used to deeply analyse and support the results obtained through the experimental runs. Different values of laser power and scanning speeds with scanning strategy in the form of a continuous linear pattern and rotated by 90 degrees between layers were studied. The laser power is ranging from 52W to 235 W while the scanning speed is ranging from 300 to 3900 mm s−1. The results showed that the direct PBSLP of SiC is possible with the optimization of the process parameters. Layer thickness and hatching distance are the most important parameters that needed to be optimized. Also, the laser power and scanning speed needed to be adjusted so that the scanning temperature was between the sintering and the decomposition limits. The good agreement between experimental and simulation results proved the power and ability of the developed CFD model to be a useful tool to analyse and optimize future experimental data.


: Maintaining the health of IT infrastructure components for improved reliability and availability is a research and innovation topic for many years. Identification and handling of failures are crucial and challenging due to the complexity of IT infrastructure. System logs are the primary source of information to diagnose and fix failures. In this work, we address three essential research dimensions about failures, such as the need for failure handling in IT infrastructure, understanding the contribution of system-generated log in failure detection and reactive & proactive approaches used to deal with failure situations. This study performs a comprehensive analysis of existing literature by considering three prominent aspects as log preprocessing, anomaly & failure detection, and failure prevention. With this coherent review, we (1) presume the need for IT infrastructure monitoring to avoid downtime, (2) examine the three types of approaches for anomaly and failure detection such as a rule-based, correlation method and classification, and (3) fabricate the recommendations for researchers on further research guidelines. As far as the authors' knowledge, this is the first comprehensive literature review on IT infrastructure monitoring techniques. The review has been conducted with the help of meta-analysis and comparative study of machine learning and deep learning techniques. This work aims to outline significant research gaps in the area of IT infrastructure failure detection. This work will help future researchers understand the advantages and limitations of current methods and select an adequate approach to their problem.