Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes are one of the
basic components of the immune system in jawed vertebrates.
They encode transmembrane glycoproteins situated on the surface
of cells. MHC receptors bind peptide molecules; the complexes
of MHC and antigen peptides are subsequently recognised by T
lymphocytes, thus initiating the adaptive immune response.
There is a direct link between MHC genes and health/disease, as
shown by many studies. The structure of MHC genes is very
variable, particularly in birds, and this fact may have
important evolutionary and ecological consequences. Extensive
studies have shown the existence of the minimal essential MHC
in chicken (Gallus gallus; Galliformes) and profoundly
different and variable MHC in some Passerines which seem to be
the most extreme cases in birds. Evidence has been found
throughout species that MHC genes influence individual fitness,
although the mechanism itself can be different. They have also
been reported to govern sexual selection and reproductive
success. Grey Partridge was common in the Czech Republic in the
past, but since the change of agricultural strategy in 1950s
its abundance has been declining. The preservation of this
typical species of the open countryside depends on the full
understanding of mechanisms acting in natural populations. With
this complex knowledge, an effective management of wild living
populations can be implied and that would contribute to its
conservation. The aim of this study is to optimize the method
of analysis of MHC Class IIB genes in the Grey Partridge
(Perdix perdix; Galliformes), describe the variability of these
genes in wild living populations and compare the data with a
population from a breeding farm. Preliminary analysis has
suggested that the Grey Partridge has more variable MHC Class
IIB genes than chicken but not as much as the Passerines,
although this variation is significantly reduced in captive
populations. Based on the MHC genotypes, we are also analysing
the influence of allelic diversity on the mating of birds in
wild living populations and their hatching success.


The stated goal of the World Health Organization's program on schistosomiasis is paraphrased as follows: to control morbidity and eliminate transmission where feasible. Switching from a goal of controlling morbidity to interrupting transmission may well be currently feasible in some countries in the Caribbean, some areas in South America, northern Africa, and selected endemic areas in sub-Saharan Africa where there have been improvements in sanitation and access to clean water. However, in most of sub-Saharan Africa, where programmatic interventions still consist solely of annual mass drug administration, such a switch in strategies remains premature. There is a continued need for operational research on how best to reduce transmission to a point where interruption of transmission may be achievable. The level of infection at which it is feasible to transition from control to elimination must also be defined. In parallel, there is also a need to develop and evaluate approaches for achieving and validating elimination. There are currently neither evidence-based methods nor tools for breaking transmission or verifying that it has been accomplished. The basis for these statements stems from numerous studies that will be reviewed and summarized in this article; many, but not all of which were undertaken as part of SCORE, the Schistosomiasis Consortium for Operational Research and Evaluation.


Dynamic time warping(DTW) distance is the most effective similarity measurement methods in time-series data mining area. Because of the high computational complexity of DTW, it is not suitable for huge amounts of data. Thus, some DTW distance lower bound methods are proposed, which can improve the efficiency of DTW distance calculation. In this paper, we summarized the existing lower bound of DTW method and then proposed a closely related field with the application and exacted Lower Bounding distance measure with Segmentation(eLBS). Experiment results show that this method meet the need of non-omission.


We address two problems concerned with the maintenance of safety-critical software. Firstly, we analyse the new issues required for the reverse engineering of real-time existing code to extract high level designs. Secondly, we present a possible design abstraction mechanism that can be used for safety-critical software. We use formal transformations both in the reverse engineering of systems involving temporal constraints, and in the definition of the abstract representation. We present a design framework and the results of initial experiments. The contributions are: (1) the requirements analyses for reverse engineering safety-critical systems, (2) the use of very-high-level domain languages, and (3) formal transformations as the unifying technology.


This study aims to assess the probiotic properties of Lactic Acid Bacteria isolated from the traditional sourdoughs used for bread making in Turkey against some gut conditions. A total number of 29 samples from twelve provinces of Turkey were collected, and screened for the presence of lactic acid bacteria using microbiological methods. The microbiological screening yielded 148 presumptive isolates. Of them, 62.8% were characterized as lactic acid strains by VITEK® MS. Following that, the characterized isolates were subjected to probiotic property testing, including gastric acid resistance, bile resistance and hydrophobic ability. The results showed that 44.1% exceeded gastric pH resistance, 33.3% survived under gastrointestinal system bile salt conditions, and 10.8% exhibited high hydrophobicity ability. In conclusion, our study revealed that only 4.3% (1 Enterococcus faecium, 1 Lactobacillus brevis, 1 Lactobacillus pentosus, and 1 Lactobacillus plantarum) out of 93 lactic acid bacteria isolated from the traditional sourdoughs could meet all probiotic requirements against some gut conditions.


The subject of "The Breach and the Observance" is retranslation for
the theatre. Besides offering a model that incorporates the findings
of previous scholarship, it casts new light on the motivation behind
retranslation, using the case of translations of Shakespeare's Hamlet
on the Dutch stage. The history of Dutch Hamlet performances shows a
number of constants in the retranslation of the play. Since the
establishment of a Hamlet tradition and the rise of the director's
theatre, the retranslations that functioned within the community of
Dutch theatre were the fruit of the collaboration of translators with
directors. Each translator changed its strategy towards at least one
cardinal norm to be different from his theatrical predecessor. This
new strategy formed an intrinsic part of the strategy of the director,
who used the new text to support a new interpretation of the play that
also differed from his predecessor's. Staging a retranslation can
therefore be said to be a strategy to differentiate a theatre
production from previous theatre productions through the application
of differing translational norms.


Acute duodenal ulcers are produced in mice as a remote ("abscopal") effect of irradiation to the lower mediastinum. Such lesions have been examined with scanning electron microscopy at 5, 8 and 28 days after irradiation with 18 Gy of X-rays. All the ulcers occur within the first 1 cm long segment of the duodenum which is endowed with Brunner's glands. The single lesions vary in size, shape and position. The damaged area often includes much of the duodenal circumference and is distinguished by conical or rudimentary villi, or even by the complete absence of villi. In contrast, around the periphery of the ulcer the villi are mostly vertical. Although the floor of these lesions appears to be covered with a continuous epithelial layer, during the first 4 weeks after irradiation the severity of the focal duodenal damage seems to increase gradually with time. The lesions have been compared with specimens from unirradiated mice and also with samples taken 3 days after partial thoracic irradiation when little damage is seen. The pattern of fully developed duodenal lesions differs greatly from that seen after direct irradiation where damage has not included localised ulceration in the samples of jejunum so far examined. The lesions induced by partial thoracic irradiation may be related to radiation injury to vascular or autonomic nerve targets in the lower mediastinum. Such injury could result in malfunction of the pyloric sphincter or could alter the secretion by Brunner's glands and thus lead to duodenal ulceration.


Purpose of review Intermittent hormonal therapy (IHT) for prostate cancer aims to minimize treatment-related side-effects, to improve overall quality of life, to reduce the cost of care, and possibly to delay progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer. Recent findings With preclinical evidence suggesting a potential benefit for IHT in terms of time to androgen independence, with phase II and phase III studies producing optimistic results, and with the potential for reductions in cost and complications, IHT has become a popular modality of therapy around the globe. Summary In the near future intermittent therapy will have place in the treatment strategy in the management of prostate cancer, particularly on men with locally advanced disease.


This paper describes an experiment on Electric Power Steering (EPS) system of a car. Nowadays EPS system can be considered as a Mechatronics system that reduces the amount of steering effort by directly applying the output of an electric motor to the steering system. In this paper, the constitutions, operational mechanism and control strategies of EPS system are introduced. A potentiometer measures driver input to the steering wheel, both direction and rate of turn. This information is fed into a microcontroller that determines the desired control signals to the motor to produce the necessary torque needed to assist. Although an electro hydraulic power assisted steering system can be used to reduce the fuel consumption, but the maximum benefit can be obtained if electronic system is applied instead of the hydraulic mechanism. The paper shows that a good power steering control technique is achieved by designing a Mechatronics system. The experimental results for the designed EPS system are also analyzed in this paper.


Dennis O'Driscoll is among the finest and most popular poets of his generation. "New and Selected Poems" shows him to be a poet of humanity and wit whose observant, rhythmically supple poetry is attuned to the tragedies and comedies of contemporary life. One of the book's highlights is The Bottom Line, a multi-voiced and multifaceted portrait of business managers and bureaucrats. Closing with a generous selection of previously unpublished work, "New and Selected Poems" - which follows Dennis O'Driscoll's acclaimed "Exemplary Damages", chosen as a Book of the Year by Seamus Heaney in 2002 - makes for a compelling collection, wide in its appeal and yet imbued with a distinctive and often startling world-view.


Hypertonic-induced cell shrinkage increases glucose release in H-4-II-E rat hepatoma cells. This is paralleled by a concomitant increase in the mRNA levels of the rate-limiting enzymes of the pathway of gluconeogenesis, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK) and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP), of seven- and fivefold, respectively. In contrast, hypotonic-induced swelling of the cells results in a transient decrease in PCK and FBP mRNAs to 15% and 39% of control levels. The antagonistic effects of hyper- and hypotonicity mimic the counteracting effects of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) and insulin on PCK and FBP mRNA levels. The hypertonic-induced increase in mRNA levels is due to an enhanced transcriptional rate, whereas the decrease in mRNAs caused by hypotonicity results from a decrease in transcription as well as mRNA stability. The inductive effect of hypertonicity does not require ongoing protein synthesis and acts independently of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase and protein kinase C pathways. These results suggest that cell volume changes in liver cells may play an important role in regulating hepatic glucose metabolism by altered gene expression.


The warehousing industry experienced a period of rapid growth from 1998 to 2009. This paper compares how the geographic distribution of warehouses changed in both the Los Angeles and Seattle Metropolitan Areas over that time period. These two west coast cities were chosen due to their geographic spread and proximity to major ports as well as their difference in size. The phenomenon of logistics sprawl, or the movement of logistics facilities away from urban centers, which has been demonstrated in past research for the Atlanta and Paris regions, is examined for these two areas. The weighted geometric center of warehousing establishments was calculated for both areas for both years, along with the change in the average distance of warehouses to that center, an indicator of sprawl. We find that between 1998 and 2009, warehousing in Los Angeles sprawled considerably, with the average distance increasing from 25.91 to 31.96 miles, an increase of over 6 miles. However in Seattle, the region remained relatively stable, showing a slight decrease in average distance from the geographic center. Possible explanations for this difference are discussed.


Jackson (2000) proposes a 'rematerialization' of social and cultural geography. He argues for the grounding of geographical analysis in the concrete world of actual physical objects. Examining the work of Jackson (2000) and Miller (1987, 1998) this paper interrogates this return to the physical. In particular, this paper argues that current articulations of physicality rely on a universal metaphysics of matter--positing matter as a universally undifferentiated conditionality. This reliance is problematic in that it signifies an essentialist dichotomy between the objective (the material) and the subjective (the textual). Also this dichotomy necessitates a linear dialectics of matter subjugating the material to the determinative action of form. In subjecting Jackson's notion of rematerialization to a critical philosophical reading, the aim is to disturb the unquestioned metaphysical implications of this return. Indeed it is to suggest that a rematerialization of social and cultural geography must account for the wayward expressiveness of matter--its representative and active capacities outside its relation with the subject.


We used the muscle creatine kinase (MCK) conditional frataxin knockout mouse to elucidate how frataxin deficiency alters iron metabolism. This is of significance because frataxin deficiency leads to Friedreich's ataxia, a disease marked by neurologic and cardiologic degeneration. Using cardiac tissues, we demonstrate that frataxin deficiency leads to down-regulation of key molecules involved in 3 mitochondrial utilization pathways: iron-sulfur cluster (ISC) synthesis (iron-sulfur cluster scaffold protein1/2 and the cysteine desulferase Nfs1), mitochondrial iron storage (mitochondrial ferritin), and heme synthesis (5-aminolevulinate dehydratase, coproporphyrinogen oxidase, hydroxymethylbilane synthase, uroporphyrinogen III synthase, and ferrochelatase). This marked decrease in mitochondrial iron utilization and resultant reduced release of heme and ISC from the mitochondrion could contribute to the excessive mitochondrial iron observed. This effect is compounded by increased iron availability for mitochondrial uptake through (i) transferrin receptor1 up-regulation, increasing iron uptake from transferrin; (ii) decreased ferroportin1 expression, limiting iron export; (iii) increased expression of the heme catabolism enzyme heme oxygenase1 and down-regulation of ferritin-H and -L, both likely leading to increased "free iron" for mitochondrial uptake; and (iv) increased expression of the mammalian exocyst protein Sec15l1 and the mitochondrial iron importer mitoferrin-2 (Mfrn2), which facilitate cellular iron uptake and mitochondrial iron influx, respectively. Our results enable the construction of a model explaining the cytosolic iron deficiency and mitochondrial iron loading in the absence of frataxin, which is important for understanding the pathogenesis of Friedreich's ataxia.


With the increasing advent of social media in perpetrating changes in social and political issues, world leaders also find it necessary to be part of a social media platform to communicate with their electorates. There is a lot of information on current affairs, world news, and political propaganda movements on social networking sites (SNS). This study aims to understand how personality traits and online sociability impacts the use of Facebook as a Site of information. This is one of the first studies focusing on this aspect of Facebook in the context of an Indian social networking population. The results indicate that online sociability, gender, conscientiousness, neuroticism and frequency of Facebook usage significantly impacts the usage of Facebook as a site of information. The parameter estimates of online sociability, conscientiousness, neuroticism and frequency of Facebook usage were all found to be positive indicating that the more a person embodied these characteristics/habits, the more likely he is to use Facebook for sharing links on current affairs and thereby as a site of information.


Abstract. This study explores whether climate models with higher spatial resolutions provide higher accuracy for precipitation simulations and/or different climate change signals. The outputs from two convection-permitting climate models (ALARO and CCLM) with a spatial resolution of 3–4 km are compared with those from the coarse-scale driving models or reanalysis data for simulating/projecting daily and sub-daily precipitation quantiles. Validation of historical design precipitation statistics derived from intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) curves shows a better match of the convection-permitting model results with the observations-based IDF statistics compared to the driving GCMs and reanalysis data. This is the case for simulation of local sub-daily precipitation extremes during the summer season, while the convection-permitting models do not appear to bring added value to simulation of daily precipitation extremes. Results moreover indicate that one has to be careful in assuming spatial-scale independency of climate change signals for the delta change downscaling method, as high-resolution models may show larger changes in extreme precipitation. These larger changes appear to be dependent on the timescale, since such intensification is not observed for daily timescales for both the ALARO and CCLM models.


Background: Various techniques have been used for securing the appendicular stump, some of which is expensive as endoscopic linear cutting stapler (7,8); others are not available in some hospitals as preformed suture loops (endoloops).We raise the question of safety and effectiveness of securing the appendicular stump by clipping versus intracorporeal ligation in laparoscopic appendectomy to patients with acute appendicitis. Aim: We compare between clipping versus intra-corporeal ligation of appendiceal stump regarding safety, timing of operation and difficulty. Patients and Methods: Forty patients presented with acute appendicitis at Damanhour Teaching Hospitaland Theodor Bilhariz Research Institute (TBRI), the diagnosis was based on clinical diagnosis,laboratory and ultrasonographic findings. They were divided randomly into two groups: Group I: Metal Clip group (MC Group), and Group II: Intra-corporeal ligation group (ICL Group). Results: There was no statistically significant difference between patients of both groups as regarding age or gender while group II were significantly higher in operative duration. Group I is higher in the rate of conversion to open and post-operative complications. there have been no statistically significant differences regarding hospital stay. Conclusion: The two techniques of clip application and ligature are effective in securing the appendicular stump in laparoscopic appendectomy. With increasing the skills of ligation we prefer ligation over clipping especially with large, hard and friable appendiceal stump.


We propose to combine the min/max curvature to the surface diffusion model. The resulting technique is an automatic, extremely robust, computationally efficient, and a straightforward scheme. The flow under min/max curvature was presented by Malladi and Sethian (see Graphic. Models Image Processing, vol.58, no.2, p.127-141, 1996) in a differential equation in terms of the image intensity. If it is combined to the surface diffusion model then the new scheme automatically picks the termination criteria; continued application of the scheme produces no further change. In other words it has a convergence state. It has another important advantage over the MCD (mean curvature diffusion) and other diffusion models; removing notch noise on the side of a structure does not diffuse the shape of the structure.


The authors develop a survey approach to determine cross-price elasticities and switching matrices for brands in a prespecified product class. The survey determines for each household whether to elicit multiple subhousehold preference structures to account for differing user/usage situations within the household. The preference structures (brand preferences and price-preference tradeoffs) obtained are used to specify preference functions and estimate choice probabilities. The choice probabilities depend on brand prices and form the basis for obtaining market-level cross-price elasticities and switching matrices by aggregation. The survey-based results are found to be predictive of the actual purchase behavior of 2000 IRI scanner panel households residing in the same area as, but not included in, the survey sample.


During the last years the concept of multi-resolution modeling has gained special attention in many fields of computer graphics and geometric modeling. In this paper we generalize powerful multiresolution techniques to arbitrary triangle meshes without requiring subdivision connectivity. Our major observation is that the hierarchy of nested spaces which is the structural core element of most multi-resolution algorithms can be replaced by the sequence of intermediate meshes emerging from the application of incremental mesh decimation. Performing such schemes with local frame coding of the detail coefficients already provides effective and efficient algorithms to extract multi-resolution information from unstructured meshes. In combination with discrete fairing techniques, i.e., the constrained minimization of discrete energy functionals, we obtain very fast mesh smoothing algorithms which are able to reduce noise from a geometrically specified frequency band in a multiresolution decomposition. Putting mesh hierarchies, local frame coding and multi-level smoothing together allows us to propose a flexible and intuitive paradigm for interactive detail-preserving mesh modification. We show examples generated by our mesh modeling tool implementation to demonstrate its functionality.


Neonatal progeroid syndrome (NPS) is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder characterized by an aged face, wrinkled skin, decreased subcutaneous fat, and neonatal teeth. The authors describe herein a 2-month-old infant with NPS who underwent eyelid surgery for bilateral upper eyelid entropion and stromal keratitis. The preoperative examination revealed thin, narrow, and soft tarsal plates. The eyelids were large and floppy, and there was no preaponeurotic fat tissue. The entropion was successfully treated by the levator muscle advancing onto the tarsus, anterior lamellar repositioning, horizontal eyelid shortening, and canthal resuspension. Upper eyelid entropion may occur relatively frequently in infants with NPS, and the special anatomical features of the eyelid should be considered while performing entropion surgery.


Recent clinical results from Edmonton have demonstrated the feasibility of achieving normoglycemia in type I diabetic patients by islet transplantation. One of the key issues in obtaining this success was transplanting sufficient numbers of islets by sequential transplants. Although the development of semipurified endotoxin-free Clostridium histolyticum-derived collagenase (Liberase) has improved islet yields from the human pancreas, batch-to-batch variation and loss of activity with time still hampers progress in obtaining consistent islet preparations. In order to define key components of crude collagenase, a panel of monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) was raised against crude collagenase. Monoclonal antibodies were generated by fusions between splenocytes of BALB/c mice immunized with Boheringer P collagenase and the myeloma cell line NS-0. These monoclonal antibodies were used as probes to study molecular differences between effective and ineffective collagenase batches using Western blotting. Two monoclonal antibodies (LDS71 and LDS81) were raised and characterized as recognizing separate epitopes on a 125-kDa component. Western blotting indicated that the 125-kDa band was rapidly broken down by storage or by dialysis in the presence of dithiothreitol. However, this breakdown could be prevented by the addition of leupeptin (a protease inhibitor) to the dialysis buffer. On testing fractions at 5-min intervals from the "Ricordi" digestion circuit during porcine and human pancreas digestion, the 125-kDa component was rapidly broken down in relatively ineffective collagenase batches but in effective batches was present throughout the digestion process. The correlation between the presence of the 125-kDa band and effectiveness of pancreas digestion suggests that this may be a key component in the formulation of C. histolyticum collagenase.


The effect of Ce substitution at the A-site on the properties of Na0.5Bi4.5Ti4O15 (NBT)–based ceramics was systematically investigated. The substitution at A-site caused distortion of lattice and improved piezoelectric activity correspondingly. The piezoelectric coefficient d33 of the Na0.5Bi4.5-xCexTi4O15 (x=0.03) ceramic was found to be as high as 26 pC/N, together with high mechanical quality factor Q ( 2769 ), and stable piezoelectric properties, demonstrating that the Ce-modified NBT-based materials are promising candidates for high-temperature applications.


Purpose Surgical bullectomy is the standard treatment of giant emphysematous bulla (GEB). However, bronchoscopic treatment should be considered as an alternative approach for patients who are unfit for surgical treatment. The study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of endobronchial occlusion for the treatment of GEB using silicone plugs. Methods This retrospective study recruited four patients with GEB who were unsuitable for surgery. Preoperative planning was performed using high-resolution computed tomography and a virtual bronchoscopic navigation system. Customized silicone plugs were then placed in the target airway via bronchoscopy to cause GEB regression and atelectasis. Results All procedures were completed successfully in four patients. Three months after the procedures, compared with baseline, increases in the mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s (from 1.20 L/s to 1.33 L/s), forced vital capacity (from 2.63 L to 2.90 L), diffusion lung capacity for carbon monoxide (from 29% to 41% of the predicted value) and 6-minute walking test (from 412 m to 474 m) were observed. Additionally, the mean total lung capacity (from 6.80 L to 6.35 L), residual volume (from 3.97 L to 3.52 L), and St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire scores (from 67 to 45) were all lower than baseline data. Conclusion Our preliminary results demonstrated that the endobronchial placement of silicone plugs could be a low-cost, safe, and effective choice for the treatment of GEB in surgically unfit patients.


Titania-silica mixed oxides prepared by hydrolytic and one-step non-hydrolytic sol-gel routes using TiCl_4 and SiCl_4 as precursors were employed as the gold catalyst supports for gas-phase epoxidation of propylene in O_2 and H_2. Characterization studies of the supports and catalysts were performed by means of X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, N_2 adsorption, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The results indicated that the amorphous Ti-Si mixed oxides containing 6%-14% of Ti could be prepared by both sol-gel routes, but those by non-hydrolytic sol-gel afforded higher surface area and significant mesopores. A superior catalytic performance was obtained with the gold catalyst supported on the non-hydrolytic sol-gel Ti-Si mixed oxide containing 10% of Ti. The propylene conversion was 5.7% at the initial 60 min and 3.3% at 240 min of time on stream. The selectivity for propylene oxide was as high as 95%. The influences of aging time for the non-hydrolytic sol-gel and pH value for the Au deposition-precipitation on the performance of the Au catalyst were also discussed.


: In this paper the macroscopic quantum states of Bose-Einstein condensates in optical lattices is studied by solving the periodic Gross-Pitaevskii equation in one-dimensional geometry. It is shown that an exact solution seen to be a travelling wave of excited macroscopic quantum states resultes in a persistent atom current which can be controlled by adjusting of the barrier height of the optical periodic potential. A critical condition to generate the travelling wave is demonstrated and we moreover propose a practical experiment to realize the persistent atom current in a toroidal atom waveguide.


Abstract : With the rapid diffusion of Social Media, grassroots political organizations are starting to use supportive technologies to avoid party representation. The Pirate Party in Germany and the Five Stars Movement (5SM) in Italy are trying to use the interactive democracy paradigm to renew the institutional framework of political representation from the bottom up. This paper aims to analyse the case of Beppe Grillo and 5SM that - after a successful showing in administrative elections – has been involved - for the first time - in a national election (2013). How the 5SM - as a virtual party without a structured organization – will solve the problems related to its institutionalization and how the "proxy vote" will be used in parliament are the main questions, which scholars are debating. It is a unique occasion to see if this emerging model of a political form will evolve into a democratic rather than a cybercratic organization.


This paper presents algorithms for the digital restoration of films damaged by tear. As well as causing local image data loss, a tear results in a noticeable relative shift in the frame between the regions at either side of the tear boundary. This paper describes a method for delineating the tear boundary and for correcting the displacement. This is achieved using a graph-cut segmentation framework that can be either automatic or interactive when automatic segmentation is not possible. Using temporal intensity differences to form the boundary conditions for the segmentation facilitates the robust division of the frame. The resulting segmentation map is used to calculate and correct the relative displacement using a global-motion estimation approach based on motion histograms. A high-quality restoration is obtained when a suitable missing-data treatment algorithm is used to recover any missing pixel intensities.


Summary writing helps students to determine the main idea, make generalizations, eliminate trivial details, restate the ideas entirely and enables students to remember any information. In the present study, a mixed method is used. In the scope of the research, a strategy of text summary writing is developed. In order to develop text summary writing strategy, four-weeks implementation is applied to 43 students studying at the university 3rd grade by the researchers. The strategy developed in these implementations have been updated in the education period with students' feedback and finalized with student-focused changes. At the end of the study, it is stated that the students who have taken text summary writing strategy education, able to summarize without taking direct quotations from the main text, use less time while writing the summary, write shorter summaries and nearly all of the students agreed that summary writing education is useful. It is concluded that conducting a systematic and planned text summary writing education helps students to improve written expression skill.


Abstract Th e paper discusses some issues which are relevant for the further development of Public Administration as an academic discipline. Firstly, there is reason to be skeptical about universal features of this discipline, as there is much variety in the practice of Public Administration around the world. Secondly, the orientation of Public Administration towards public values is emphasized. Th irdly, the relevance of the concept of a democratic Rechtsstaat as a starting point for the design of Public Administration content must be stressed. And finally, the paper discusses institutional issues, e.g. the question if education of future civil servants should take place at government-controlled schools or within universities.


In the present study, a mathematical model of unsteady blood flow through parallel plate channel under the action of an applied constant transverse magnetic field is proposed. The model is subjected to heat source. Analytical expressions are obtained by choosing the axial velocity; temperature distribution and the normal velocity of the blood depend on y and t only to convert the system of partial differential equations into system of ordinary differential equations under the conditions defined in our model. The model has been analyzed to find the effects of various parameters such as, Hartmann number, heat source parameter and Prandtl number on the axial velocity, temperature distribution and the normal velocity. The numerical solutions of axial velocity, temperature distributions and normal velocity are shown graphically for better understanding of the problem. Hence, the present mathematical model gives a simple form of axial velocity, temperature distribution and normal velocity of the blood flow so that it will help not only people working in the field of Physiological fluid dynamics but also to the medical practitioners.


This paper investigates the determinants of co-inventor tie formation using micro-data on genomic patents from 1990 to 2006 in France. We consider in a single analysis the relational and proximity perspectives that are usually treated separately. In order to do so, we analyse the determinants of network ties that occur within existing components and between two distinct components (i.e. bridging ties). We test the argument that formation of these two different types of ties results from distinct strategies in accessing resources. Doing so, we contrast network and proximity determinants of network formation and we investigate if social network allows economic actors to cross over geographical, technological and organizational boundaries.


MgFe2O4 nanoparticles with different grain sizes were prepared by the low-temperature solid-state reaction method. The X-ray diffractometer (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUID) and 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy (MS) were used to characterize the structure, magnetic properties and surface anisotropy of nanoparticles. Oxygen parameters suggested that lattice distortion was decreased with reducing particle size. In comparison with the bulk material, smaller saturation magnetization (Ms) and larger coercive force (Hc) for nanoparticles were observed. The critical sizes for transition from multidomain to single domain and for superparamagnetic transition were estimated to be 25 nm and 28 nm, respectively. In summary, the fabricating conditions for the low-temperature solid-state reaction method are studied to improve Ms and reduce Hc of the films, making the films suitable to the applications of the magnetic targeted drug.


Abstract "What do the progenitors of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) look like? How can we hope to find them?" We focus on the epoch during which mass is incident on a white dwarf (WD) at high rates (> 10−7M⊙ yr−1). Such epochs are expected in single-degenerate (SD) progenitors, double-degenerate (DD) progenitors, and in a wide range of binaries with WDs that will not achieve the Chandrasekhar mass, MCh. High-rate accretion onto a WD produces high luminosities through accretion alone; in addition, most calculations show that quasisteady or episodic nuclear burning can occur, increasing the luminosity by more than an order of magnitude. If the photosphere is not much larger than the WD, the emission will have values of kT in the range of tens of eV, and the source will appear as a luminous supersoft x-ray source (SSS). Studies of local SSSs that are good candidates for nuclear-burning WDs (NBWDs) suggest that many have low duty cycles of SSS activity. This is consistent with the fact that binary WD models predict about 100 times as many SSSs in external galaxies of all types as are actually detected. Interstellar absorption does not appear to be the problem. Instead, it is likely that the ~1037−1038 erg s−1 emitted by NBWDs emerges in other wavebands. The challenge we face is to search for highly luminous systems within the Milky Way and nearby galaxies that have unusual properties consistent with NBWDs, and inconsistent with other physical models. Model tests can then be conducted for individual candidates, allowing us to identify large numbers of progenitors years before explosion.


The present study has been conducted to discover the "Impact/Effect of ICTs on Academic Achievement of Students at Post Graduate Level" in public sectors general universities of Federal Capital Islamabad. The objectives of the study were; to examine the use of ICTs and their impact on academic achievement of students at post graduate level. The population of the research study has been comprised of 460 students' from federal public sector universities offering post graduate study in the fields of social sciences. The sample of study was comprised of two hundred and ten students; chosen by proportionate random sampling technique.The tools of the research (questionnaire) were formulated on five-point (Likert) scale, the reliability were authenticated by pilot testing and was found satisfactory at 0.96. After the data collection, the analysis were made using percentage, mean, and the chi-square (χ2) statistical tool.The overall derived results in this research study depict that ICTs plays a vital role in learning process globally.On the basis of analyzed data and conclusions it is recommended that postgraduate students should be trained via refresher courses, seminars and training programs for usage of ICTs before the start of the research.


changed. Conclusion Thus, these results demonstrate that persimmon peel may have an anti-atherogenic property through normalisation of lipid metabolism and may be able to reduce production of the atherogenic complexes.


Nowadays users are surrounded by environments characterized by an abundance of devices and appliances that they use for carrying out their everyday activities. In order to improve user experience, the surrounding environments should be intelligent enough to allow users to freely move around and be able to perform their tasks in a continuous manner, without forcing them to start their interactive session from scratch at each device change. In this paper, we present an agent-based solution able to support migration of interactive applications among various devices, including digital TVs and mobile devices, and therefore useful for users freely moving about in the home and outdoor. The aim is to provide users with a seamless and supportive environment for ubiquitous access in multi-device contexts of use. The proposed open architecture for migratory user interfaces (UIs) is composed of several agents. It exploits their functionalities and is able to automatically build logical descriptions of existing interactive Web applications and then dynamically generate UIs that are adapted to various types of target devices and implementation languages, including non-Web languages, with the state updated to the point at which it was left off in the previous device.


Sulphoaluminate-alite cement (SAAC) was successfully prepared from high alumina fly ash. XRD analysis indicated that the optimal mineralogical phase of cement clinker was obtained under condition of MG=1.05, MS =0.95 at 1300oC, and C4A3 S reached the strongest intensity and is 58.73% in the phase of calcined clinckers. SEM observation showed that C4A3 S are well developed into regular diamond/hexagon-shaped crystal with the size of 1~3.5 μm in the clinker. Hydrated clinker exhibited its new formed dominant phases in AFt, C-S-H and Afm. Pillar shaped AFt and sheet shaped AFm coexisted among the colloidal C-S-H substrate. It is demonstrated that the prepared cement shows a compressive strength of 27 MPa (1d), 36 MPa (3d), 49 MPa (28d), and flexural strength of 5.9 MPa (1d), 5.9 MPa (3d), 6.1 MPa (28d), indicated that the hydration product owned a good mechanical strength at early ages and increased steadily in the later stages.


One of the motivations behind the Lexical Integrity Hypothesis (LIH) was to draw a distinction between word structure and phrase structure as evidence for a separate morphological component. In this study, we claim that drawing such a line between morphology and syntax is not contingent on whether word structure can be built on purely morphological items; rather, the crucial issue seems to be whether an operation is manipulated by a dedicated morphological mechanism, and on the properties of the output(s). We start from the premise that morphological well-formedness cannot be derived from syntax: morphology (the word-formation component) must be autonomous with its own principles (as in Anderson 1992, Aronoff 1994, Beard 1995, Pounder 2000 among others). We then turn our attention to the function of morphology. We show that a morphological component responsible for creating and inflecting lexemes and performing activities upon syntactic and prosodic phrases is necessary. When performing its tasks, morphology uses base operations and provides the bases on which morphological processes (i.e. word-formation and inflection processes) operate. Moreover, we show that these bases can be stems, word-forms, syntactic constituents, and prosodic constituents. Thus one aspect of the LIH which does not allow postsyntactic morphology (No-Phrase Constraint, Botha 1983) must be eliminated so that we can account for both simple and complex outputs of morphology. We conclude that the fact that complex morphological expressions are possible does not necessarily show that there is no (need for a) morphological component. Rather, morphology is the only component in which base operations take place to generate word formations.


High-resolution crystallographic studies of a number of inhibited forms of bovine F1-ATPase have identified four independent types of inhibitory site: the catalytic site, the aurovertin B-binding site, the efrapeptin-binding site and the site to which the natural inhibitor protein IF1 binds. Hitherto, the binding sites for other inhibitors, such as polyphenolic phytochemicals, non-peptidyl lipophilic cations and amphiphilic peptides, have remained undefined. By employing multiple inhibition analysis, we have identified the binding sites for these compounds. Several of them bind to the known inhibitory sites. The amphiphilic peptides melittin and synthetic analogues of the mitochondrial import pre-sequence of yeast cytochrome oxidase subunit IV appear to mimic the natural inhibitor protein, and the polyphenolic phytochemical inhibitors resveratrol and piceatannol compete for the aurovertin B-binding site (or sites). The non-peptidyl lipophilic cation rhodamine 6G acts at a separate unidentified site, indicating that there are at least five inhibitory sites in the F1-ATPase. Each of the above inhibitors has significantly different activity against the bacterial Bacillus PS3 alpha3beta3gamma subcomplex compared with that observed with bovine F1-ATPase. IF1 does not inhibit the bacterial enzyme, even in the absence of the epsilon-subunit. An understanding of these inhibitors may enable rational development of therapeutic agents to act as novel antibiotics against bacterial ATP synthases or for the treatment of several disorders linked to the regulation of the ATP synthase, including ischaemia-reperfusion injury and some cancers.


Gas bacillus infection of the liver and biliary tract has been reported many times. In a perusal of the available literature, I have not found a case in which gas formation around the gallbladder was noted during life. Kirchmayr reported an interesting case of gas bacillus infection within the gallbladder, the walls of which showed emphysematous blebs.1 In the case presented, gas in increasing volume was demonstrated both clinically and roentgenologically in relation to the gallbladder. The gas present at the time of operation was proved by culture to be due to an unusual gas bacillus resembling theBacillus welchii.2 In all case reports of emphysema of the liver, the presence of gas was first noted post mortem. It is interesting that invariably there was an associated chronic cholangeitis, usually with cholelithiasis. From a microscopic study of the liver and biliary system in cases of "Schaumleber," Stolz3


We design a laboratory experiment to identify causal performance effects of top-down communication between managers and their subordinates. Our focus lies on communication that resolves uncertainty about the work environment but does not provide task-specific knowledge. Recent articles in the business press report a lack of such communication in real-world organizations and associate it with reduced organiza- tional performance. Our results confirm this observation. We find that top-down communication is a profitable way for managers to increase employee performance in the presence of uncertainty. Specifically, we show that non-communication is the worst option for managers. However, 50 percent of our experimental managers use top-down communication too restrictively. Overall, managers forego 30 percent of their potential profits through non-communication. We show that organizations can overcome this problem by adopting automated information procedures, which are equally effective.


Studies of aging offer special methodological challenges to the researcher in that he must often examine the change of multiple correlated variables over time. We present a set of procedures that are specifically designed to model change in such multivariate situations. These procedures, which we will call Markov Network Analysis, are directly applicable to modeling change from longitudinal or serial data. In such cases, the parameters of the model have dynamic interpretations, e.g., as coefficients in positive or negative feedback loops. In cross-sectional data, one cannot directly estimate the dynamic coefficients but the model does show how certain dynamic interpretations can be made. Statistically, maximum likelihood estimation procedures are developed and presented. In the development of the statistical model, it is shown how the bias of sequential hypothesis testing, a frequent occurrence in the estimation of complex covariance structure models, may be reduced.


With social media becoming increasingly popular on which lots of news and real-time events are reported, developing automated question answering systems is critical to the effective-ness of many applications that rely on real-time knowledge. While previous datasets have concentrated on question answering (QA) for formal text like news and Wikipedia, we present the first large-scale dataset for QA over social media data. To ensure that the tweets we collected are useful, we only gather tweets used by journalists to write news articles. We then ask human annotators to write questions and answers upon these tweets. Unlike otherQA datasets like SQuAD in which the answers are extractive, we allow the answers to be abstractive. We show that two recently proposed neural models that perform well on formal texts are limited in their performance when applied to our dataset. In addition, even the fine-tuned BERT model is still lagging behind human performance with a large margin. Our results thus point to the need of improved QA systems targeting social media text.


The talk will review the real world example of how Pathwork Diagnostics approached both technical and commercial challenges during the development and launch of a new molecular diagnostic. Our technical challenges were to create a mechanism for handling large sets of gene expression data, to accurately answer complex clinical questions and to maintain robust performance levels appropriate for a clinical diagnostic test. Our commercial challenges were centered around the appropriate selection of our regulatory path and market channels, and how to drive adoption and reimbursement. We will discuss the resulting successful launch of the Pathwork ®Tissue of Origin Test and the clinical utility evidence that demonstrates the positive impact of this molecular diagnostic test on patient care and outcome.


This work identifies a benchmark for the performance of a small-scale ammonia synthesis plant powered by wind energy. The energy used is stranded, far from urban centers but near locations of fertilizer demand. The wind energy drives the pressure swing absorption of air to make nitrogen and the electrolysis of water to make hydrogen. These are combined in the small-scale continuous Haber process to synthesize ammonia. The analysis of runs of the small plant presented in this article permits an assessment of how the current production rate is controlled by three resistances: catalytic reaction, ammonia separation by condensation, and recycling of unreacted gas. The measured catalytic reaction rates are consistent with separate experiments on chemical kinetics and with published reaction mechanisms. The condensation rates predicted are comparable with literature correlations. These rate constants now supply a rigorous strategy for optimizing this scaled-down, distributed ammonia plant. Moreover, this method...


The study was carried out in Ogun State. The study investigated the costs and returns analysis of the respondents and the stochastic frontiers production analysis was applied to estimate the technical, allocative efficiency and economic efficiency among the fish farmers using concrete and earthen pond systems in the State. The results of the returns to Naira invested shows that earthen pond system yielded N8.0 while concrete pond system yielded N6.5. The results of economic efficiency also revealed an average of 76% in concrete pond system while earthen pond system made as high as 84% economic efficiency level. The results of the analysis of the mean technical efficiency for both systems revealed that concrete pond system with 88% while earthen pond system was 89%. Similarly, the allocative efficiency results revealed that concrete pond system was 79 percent while earthen pond had 85%. Stochastic frontier production function models revealed that pond area, quantity of lime used, and number of labour used were found to be the significant factors that contributed to the technical efficiency of concrete pond system while pond, quantity of feed and labour are the significant factors in earthen pond system. The results therefore concluded that only years of experience is the significant factor in concrete pond system in the inefficiency sources model. On the basis of the findings, the study suggested that government of Nigeria should provide a conducive environment for the establishment of both concrete and earthen pond system;, encourages more citizenry, mostly youth to set up both pond systems in a bid to alleviate poverty status and un-employment rate in the State and the country at large.


We use graphs where vertices and arrows are attributed with sets of values, and rules that allow to delete data from a graph, to create new vertices or arrows, and to include values in attributes. Rules may be applied simultaneously, yielding a notion of parallelism that generalizes cellular automata in particular by allowing infinite matchings of rules in a graph. This is first used to define a notion of sequential independence of a set M of matchings of rules, even when M is infinite. Next, a notion of parallel independence of matchings is defined that accounts for the particular treatment of attributes, and it is proven that it characterizes sequential independence. Last, the effective deletion property, a condition that ensures that rules can be applied in parallel without conflicts, is proven to generalize parallel independence.


An agricultural mechanism or agri mechanism could be a mechanism deployed for agricultural functions. The most space of application of robots in agriculture is seeding robots square measure designed to exchange human labour. The agricultural business is behind alternative complementary industries in victimization robots as a result of the kind of jobs concerned in agriculture are not any and dig. This project strives to develop a mechanism capable of activity operations like automatic seeding and dig. It additionally provides manual management once needed and keeps tabs on the wetness with the assistance of wetness sensors. Then main part here is that the microcontroller that supervises the whole method.


Summary
The first of two patients with Plasmodium falciparum infections which failed to respond to chloroquine therapy administered in Colombia, South America, received three further courses of 1.5 g of chloroquine and experienced clinical and parasitic relapses 12 and 8 days, respectively, after the first two courses. Upon the completion of the third course the drug was continued for 14 more days at a dosage of 0.3 g daily. Blood smears remained positive during this period. A 3-day course of quinine sulphate (90 grains) produced negative blood smears, but a parasitic relapse occurred after 17 days. An apparent cure was effected by a 10-day course of quinine.
The second patient experienced a clinical and parasitic relapse approximately 20 days after a first course of chloroquine; and after a second course (2.1 g) followed by a 14-day course of primaquine, a recurrence of parasitemia accompanied by minor symptoms approximately 21 days after the completion of the chloroquine therapy was observed. A 10-day course of quinine produced an apparent cure.


The purpose of this study is to investigate the optimal reference geometry for gamma camera calibration. Yet another question of interest was to assess the influence of the number of 3D Ordered Subsets Expectation Maximization (3D-OSEM) updates on activity quantification for SPECT imaging with 177Lu. The accuracy of 177Lu activity quantification was assessed both in small and in large objects. Two different reference geometries, namely a cylindrical homogeneous phantom and a Jaszczak 16 ml sphere surrounded by cold water, were used to determine the gamma camera calibration factor of a commercial SPECT/CT system. Moreover, the noise level and the concentration recovery coefficient were evaluated as a function of the number of 3D-OSEM updates by using the SPECT/CT images of the reference geometry phantoms and those of a cold Jaszczak phantom with three hot spheres (16ml, 8ml and 4ml), respectively. The optimal choice of the number of 3D-OSEM updates was based on a compromise between the noise level achievable in the reconstructed SPECT images and the concentration recovery coefficients. The quantitative accuracy achievable was finally validated on a test phantom, where a spherical insert composed of two concentric spheres was used to simulate a lesion in a warm background. Our data confirm and extend previous observations. Using the calibration factor obtained with the cylindrical homogeneous phantom and the Jaszczak 16 ml sphere, the recovered activity in the test phantom was underestimated by -16.4% and -24.8%, respectively. Our work has led us to conclude that gamma camera calibration performed with large homogeneous phantom outperforms calibration executed with the Jaszczak 16ml sphere. Furthermore, the results obtained support the assumption that approximately 50 OSEM updates represent a good trade-off to reach convergence in small volumes, meanwhile minimizing the noise level.


-Two roadside surveys were conducted for dwarf mistletoes parasitizing lodgepole pine and Douglas-fir on the Sawtooth National Forest, Idaho. One survey used variable-radius plots located Jess than 150 m from roads. The 2nd survey used variable-radius plots established at 200-m intervals along 1600-m transects run perpendicular to the same roads. Estimates of the incidence (percentage of trees infected and percentage of plots infested) and severity (average dwarf mistletoe rating) for both lodgepole pine and Douglas-fir dwarf mistletoes were not significantly different for the 2 survey methods. These findings are further evidence that roadside-plot surveys and transect-plot surveys conducted away from roads provide similar estimates of the incidence of dwarf mistletoes for large forested areas.


The purpose of this study was to investigate whether objective models can be equally accurate for expert and non-expert viewers. We measured in both expert and non-expert viewers the subjective video quality of several high definition video sequences, which had been processed at several bit-rates using MPEG-2 and H.264 codecs. The results showed only a small but statistically significant difference, particularly at low bit-rates, in perceived quality between experts and non-experts. These subjective data were then compared to objective quality measurements obtained with a JND-based model and the standard PSNR. We found that the JND model performed better than the PSNR, but its predictive performance differed significantly for expert and non-expert viewers.


Over the last decade, the effects of an unprecedented rise in global temperature due to climate change, on the enjoyment of human rights, especially the right to life, have been subjects of intensive scholarly attention. Gallons of juristic ink have been spilled on the need for States to adopt policy measures aimed at combating climate change. However, recent findings show that policy measures and projects aimed at mitigating climate change are in turn producing even more serious human rights concerns, especially in developing countries. These human rights issues include: mass displacement of citizens from their homes to allow for climate change mitigation projects; lack of participation by citizens in project planning and implementation; citing and concentration of projects in poor and vulnerable communities; lack of governmental accountability on projects and the absence of review and complaint mechanisms for victims to obtain redress for these problems. These secondary human rights impacts of policy measures and projects aimed at mitigating climate change have not received sufficient attention in existing literature. The aim of this research is to examine and analyse the effects of climate change mitigation projects, specifically Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects, on the enjoyment of fundamental human rights. It considers how lessons from the approval and execution of CDM projects could inform thoughts on the value and requirements for mainstreaming human rights safeguards into international climate change regimes in general. It analyses the legal and theoretical prospects and paradoxes of adopting the United Nations Human Rights Based Approach (HRBA) as a framework through which human rights standards may be systemically integrated and mainstreamed into extant and emerging international legal regimes on climate change.


We have derived disc scalelengths for 30 374 non-interacting disc galaxies in all five Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) bands. Virtual Observatory methods and tools were used to define, retrieve and analyse the images for this unprecedentedly large sample classified as disc/spiral galaxies in the LEDA catalogue. Cross-correlation of the SDSS sample with the LEDA catalogue allowed us to investigate the variation of the scalelengths for different types of disc/spiral galaxies. We further investigate asymmetry, concentration and central velocity dispersion as indicators of morphological type, and are able to assess how the scalelength varies with respect to galaxy type. We note, however, that the concentration and asymmetry parameters have to be used with caution when investigating type dependence of structural parameters in galaxies. Here, we present the scalelength derivation method and numerous tests that we have carried out to investigate the reliability of our results. The average r-band disc scalelength is 3.79 kpc, with an rms dispersion of 2.05 kpc, and this is a typical value irrespective of passband and galaxy morphology, concentration and asymmetry. The derived scalelengths presented here are representative for a typical galaxy mass of 1010.8 +/- 0.54 M(circle dot), and the rms dispersion is larger for more massive galaxies. Separating the derived scalelengths for different galaxy masses, the r-band scalelength is 1.52 +/- 0.65 kpc for galaxies with total stellar mass 109-1010 M(circle dot) and 5.73 +/- 1.94 kpc for galaxies with total stellar mass between 1011 and 1012 M(circle dot). Distributions and typical trends of scalelengths have also been derived in all the other SDSS bands with linear relations that indicate the relation that connect scalelengths in one passband to another. Such transformations could be used to test the results of forthcoming cosmological simulations of galaxy formation and evolution of the Hubble sequence.


Oscillatory neural activity in the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamocortical (CBGTC) loop is associated with the motor state of a subject, but also with the availability of modulatory neurotransmitters. For example, increased low-frequency oscillations in Parkinson's disease (PD) are related to decreased levels of dopamine and have been proposed as biomarkers to adapt and optimize therapeutic interventions, such as deep brain stimulation. Using neural oscillations as biomarkers require differentiating between changes in oscillatory patterns associated with parkinsonism vs. those related to a subject's motor state. To address this point, we studied the correlation between neural oscillatory activity in the motor cortex and striatum and varying degrees of motor activity under normal and parkinsonian conditions. Using rats with bilateral or unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions as PD models, we correlated the motion index (MI)—a measure based on the physical acceleration of the head of rats—to the local field potential (LFP) oscillatory power in the 1–80 Hz range. In motor cortices and striata, we observed a robust correlation between the motion index and the oscillatory power in two main broad frequency ranges: a low-frequency range [5.0–26.5 Hz] was negatively correlated to motor activity, whereas a high-frequency range [35.0–79.9 Hz] was positively correlated. We observed these correlations in both normal and parkinsonian conditions. In addition to these general changes in broad-band power, we observed a more restricted narrow-band oscillation [25–40 Hz] in dopamine-denervated hemispheres. This oscillation, which seems to be selective to the parkinsonian state, showed a linear frequency dependence on the concurrent motor activity level. We conclude that, independently of the parkinsonian condition, changes in broad-band oscillatory activities of cortico-basal ganglia networks (including changes in the relative power of low- and high-frequency bands) are closely correlated to ongoing motions, most likely reflecting he operations of these neural circuits to control motor activity. Hence, biomarkers based on neural oscillations should focus on specific features, such as narrow frequency bands, to allow differentiation between parkinsonian states and physiological movement-dependent circuit modulation.


Background. Vaginal radical trachectomy (RT) ligates and cuts several arteries supplying the uterus. Changes of blood supply to the uterus in two patients who experienced pregnancy and delivery were studied by using 3-D CT scanning. Effects of changes of blood supply to the uterus on the pregnancy courses were also examined. Methods. Vascular distribution in the uterus was studied in two patients who received vaginal RT after delivery. Effects of changes of vascular distribution after vaginal RT were studied with respect to pregnancy courses and cervical functions. Results. New arterial vascularization from the ascending branches of uterine arteries or other arteries occurred, and these new vessels seemed to supply blood to the remaining cervix. Differences of fetal growth and histopathological changes in the placenta between the two patients could not be detected. Conclusion. Ligation and cutting of several supplying arteries by RT induces new areterial vascularization and it does not seem to affect fetal growth and placental function.


Introduction: Myxoma accounts for about 40-50% of all primary cardiac tumors. However, the most common site for cardiac myxoma is the left atrium. In this case report, a patient with large right atrial myxoma was diagnosed, which is an unusual site for this tumor type. Case presentation: A 42-year-old woman presented with a history of abdominal ascites in last five months and progressive dyspnea for two weeks duration. A cardiac evaluation showed sinus tachycardia and faint systolic murmur over the left lower sternal area. An echocardiogram revealed a large mass in the right atrium, suggestive of myxoma; our patient underwent surgical excision of a multilobulated mass. Moreover, a histopathological study was done, and the diagnosis was a myxoma. Conclusion: In this case study we are focusing on the importance of atrial myxoma diagnosis in an uncommon location in patients presented with dyspnea and chronic ascites.


Several factors including ploidy and genome composition influence the inheritance of agronomic traits in Musa populations. Research results have indicated that gender determines the inheritance of quantitative traits in this species, but whether inheritance patterns are ploidy-dependent or gender-dependent is not known. The present research is therefore aimed at evaluating the agronomic performance of progenies of 4x - 2x versus 2x - 4x crosses in Musa, in other to understand how gender or ploidy affect the inheritance of quantitative traits in interploidy crosses. The study was carried out at the High Rainfall Station of the International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Onne in Southeastern Nigeria. Data on phenotypic performances of progenies of 4x - 2x and 2x - 4x crosses were collected for two seasons and analysed. The 4x - 2x crosses produced predominantly 3x progenies, whereas 2x - 4x crosses gave mostly 2x progenies. The diploid progenies of 2x - 4x crosses were shorter plants, took shorter time to flower and produced smaller bunches. The breeding values for the two groups were higher in the ratoon, than plant crop cycle. Complex microsporogenesis was observed in the parents of higher ploidy level (e.g. 4x) and may have resulted in production of predominantly monoploid gametes, n = 1x = 1C. Crosses between 4x and 2x parents, therefore, produced predominantly 3x progenies in 4x - 2x direction, but 2x progenies in 2x - 4x direction. Gender and ploidy determined the inheritance of characters in Musa, but with a preponderance of ploidy. The decision on the ploidy of individuals to serve as female or male parents in crosses is therefore critical.


Abstract:A positivist vision of science fiction as a discourse closely bound to science and technology has been influential in South Korea ever since the first flourishing of the genre in the 1960s. Using that normative vision as a reference, the present essay investigates the ways in which select science-fictional texts have actually represented the technoscientific enterprise in South Korea in the period spanning the 1960s through the 1990s. As the analysis suggests, the heyday of positivist-oriented science fiction in the country was largely limited to the 1960s, which was a time when Koreans looked keenly upon science for its utopian promise of development and modernization for the nation. As later years brought dictatorship and forced industrialization, however, a marked shift toward dystopia and social protest became evident in cultural texts that critically depicted technoscience and modernization as tools of oppression rather than as progress and liberation. The historical existence of this more critical vein of science fiction, it is argued, attests to the genre's hitherto underappreciated potential for fruitful engagement with the political and social challenges of modernization both globally and within South Korea's technologically saturated society.


As a result of electron microscopic investigation of the external muscle esophageal tunic in rats and rabbits simple junctions and semidesmosomes have been revealed between striated muscle fibers and smooth myocytes. In the area of the simple junctions both in the striated muscle fibers and in the smooth myocytes, there is an essential amount of microvesicles; this speaks in favour of possible formation of a certain metabolic connection between these muscle elements. At formation of the semidesmosome, a plate is revealed in the smooth myocyte and it is absent in the striated muscle fiber. By means of the semidesmosome adhesion of the striated myons and the smooth myocytes is performed. Absence of tight and gap junctions demonstrates genetic heterogeneity of the muscle tissue types investigated.


I have aimed to concentrate on the comparative analysis between English and
German language and to investigate the differences and similarities concerning
the major word formation processes in English and German at the basic level
in this paper. Similarity between the two languages stems from the fact that
much vocabulary has common roots, as they, English and German, belong to the Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family. They are both
Germanic, even though each has borrowed many words from Latin, French
and Greek, that means that many common words are similar in both
languages, for example: house/Haus, man/Mann, here/Hier and good/gut, and
even some words are identical for example: Hand, Arm, Sand and Finger.
Modern English has evolved into one of the dominant world languages, and it
also had a growing influence on other languages. Loaned words cover different
fields such as popular culture, politics, business and the environment, because
of profound changes in the life and language, the influence of English
language worldwide and that many expressions from English appear as loan
words. According to Garrod and Sanford definition of a specific
communicative task such as a description or instruction, the information to be
expressed is not mapped directly from memory into linguistic form. Hence,
speakers generate a temporary conceptual structure which focuses on a specific
set of pragmatics, semantic, and syntactic options and sets guidelines for the
process of mapping information into linguistic form. Translation is often
thought to be primarily about words and their meanings, what the words in
the source text mean, and how words in the target language will convey
meaning. Recent linguistics research has not yet been able to come up with the
actual percentage of Anglicism in German language.


The purpose of this paper is to provide original results related to the choice of the number of sensors and their supports for distributed parameter systems. We introduce the notion of exponential observation error. We show that, the number and location of sensor may be some interest in the existence of regional exponential observation state.


Structural damage detection methods using vibration measurements have been developed for decades. Measurement selections may affect damage detection results, because inevitable uncertainties are involved in vibration testing. A new sensor placement index is defined as the ratio of two parameters, namely, the contribution of measurement points to a Fisher information matrix, and the damage sensitivity to the measurement noise. A large value of the contribution vector represents that the corresponding measurement points are sensitive to the damage and measurements at these points are more prominent for structural damage identification, whereas a small noise sensitivity value indicates measurement points that are less influenced by noises. Consequently, the points with large index values are chosen as the measurement subset. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is verified using a laboratorytested steel frame. The damage detection using different measurement selection schemes shows that the present technique can identify multiple damages of the structure more accurately. The effect of the measurement number is also investigated.


Given the narrow scope of primary teachers' knowledge and use of children's literature identified in Phase I of Teachers as Readers (2006-7), the core goal of the Phase II project, was to improve teachers' knowledge and experience of such literature in order to help them increase children's motivation and enthusiasm for reading, especially those less successful in literacy. The year long project, Teachers as Readers: Building Communities of Readers, which was undertaken in five Local Authorities in England, also sought to build new relationships with parents and families and to explore the concept of a Reading Teacher: a teacher who reads and a reader who teaches (Commeyras et al., 2004). The research design was multi-layered; involving data collection at individual, school and LA levels, and employing a range of quantitative and qualitative data research methods and tools. This paper provides an overview of the research and highlights the challenges encountered and the insights garnered. It argues that teachers need support in order to develop children's reading for pleasure, which can influence both attainment and achievement and increase young learners' engagement as self- motivated and socially engaged readers.


The immune system of animals, including insects, is the vital factor to maintain the symbiotic interactions between animals and their associated microbes. However, the effects of gut microbiota on insect immunity remain mostly elusive. Red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier, is a destructive pest of palm trees worldwide, which has forged alliances with its gut microbiota. Here, we found that the aposymbiotic insects succumbed at a significantly faster rate than conventionally reared (CR) ones upon bacterial infection. Physiological assays confirmed that CR insects had stronger antimicrobial activity and higher phenoloxidase activity in contrast to germfree (GF) ones, indicating that the systemic immune responses of GF individuals were compromised markedly. Interestingly, under the bacterial challenge conditions, the reassociation of gut microbiota with GF insects could enhance their survival rate by rescuing their immunocompetence. Furthermore, comparative transcriptome analysis uncovered that 35 immune-related genes, including pathogen recognition receptors, effectors and immune signaling pathway, were significantly downregulated in GF insects as compared to CR ones. Collectively, our findings corrobate that intestinal commensal bacteria have profound immunostimulatory effects on RPW larvae. Therefore, knowledge on the effects of gut microbiota on RPW immune defenses may contribute to of set up efficient control strategies of this pest.


The interaction between the distribution of tones and syllable types in Thai has been found to be interesting. The absence of the rising contour tone on CVO and CVVO supports the argument that syllables with shorter phonetic duration are bad licensers for the rising contour tone (Zhang 2002). The distributional gaps on CVO and CVVO are also found to be correlated with syllable-final glottalization (Moren & Zsiga 2006). Furthermore, Ruangjaroon (2006) argues that there is the consonant-tone interaction in Thai and analyzes it under the framework of OT. However, I will indicate both theoretical and analytical problems faced by analyses in Ruangjaroon (2006) in this paper.


This dissertation examines how political institutions, as dynamically affected by voters and legislatures, mediate financial market reactions to severe fiscal shocks. This work uses as its case studies the experience of the U.S. states following the 2008 credit market seizure, and that of the German states following the financial crisis. It is found that following credit market seizures and severe fiscal shocks, political institutions become more important to market participants in assessing the risk characteristics of state bonds. Specifically, while unexpected deficits are correlated with higher state bond yields across all states, this effect is larger for states with left-leaning political systems than for states with right-leaning political systems. These results suggest that during economic crises – when credit markets might expect that political systems can no longer delay stabilizations – the identity of the political institutions and actors "behind the markets" become increasingly important.


The refractive indices of synthetic sapphire (Al2O3) were measured at selected wavelengths and the values of index range from 1.834 at 0.265 μ in the ultraviolet to 1.586 at 5.58 μ in the infrared. A three-term Sellmeier dispersion equation of the form n2-1=∑iAiλ2λ2-λt2was fitted to the experimental data. Dispersive quantities were computed which estimate the optical performance to be expected from sapphire.


Classroom interaction, as a core practice of teaching and learning, remains a 'taken-for-granted' and under-examined dimension of teacher education. This paper reports preliminary findings from an empirical investigation of pre-service teacher's development of skills in classroom interaction as core educational practice. Specifically, the paper presents findings from a facultywide initiative involving first year Bachelor of Education students from one rural/regional university in NSW, Australia. The research investigated the impact that a focus on the role of dialogue for learning both in university subjects and practising in classroom sites has on 124 first year education pre-service teachers' interaction practices with students in their professional experience placements. Findings show that if pre-service teachers experience classroom interactive practices as the object of overt focus during their undergraduate studies, understandings about effective pedagogy and teacher development will develop from beyond a 'taken-for-granted' dimension of teaching practice.


A pair-matched case-control study was carried out at Govt. Medical College Hospital, Nagpur, to investigate association between coronary prone behaviour pattern (CPBP) and coronary heart disease (CHD). The study included 186 cases of CHD and equal number of controls matched for age, sex and socioeconomic status. CPBP identified to be significantly associated with CHD (OR = 3.23, 95% CI 1.73-6.02). The estimates of attributable risk proportion (ARP) and population attributable risk proportion i(PARP) were calculated to the 69.04 (42.19-83.38) and 16.93 (6.25-31.45) respectively. This study thus identified CPBP as a significant risk factor of CHD in this population.


ObjectiveAccurate diagnosis of COVID-19 infection is paramount to initiating appropriate measures for reducing spread. We aim to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis, augmented by linked electronic health records, to assess the diagnostic test accuracy for COVID-19.
ApproachWe will search the following databases from November 2019 to February 2022: MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, and Scopus, as well as reference lists of eligible studies and review articles. Keywords will relate to COVID-19 and diagnostic testing.
Eligible studies will use an appropriate study design (e.g. prospective and retrospective cohort and case-control) to assess the accuracy of any COVID-19 diagnostic test (including thoracic imaging, mass spectrometry, and serological tests) in all healthcare and community settings. Studies of participants under 18 will be excluded.
Data will be extracted using a piloted extraction form and bias will be assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool.
ResultsMain outcomes will include frequency statistics, sensitivity and specificity, and positive and negative predictive value. Paired forest plots will be used to illustrate sensitivity and specificity across studies. We will pool data on sensitivity and specificity in a Bayesian framework using a bivariate random-effects logistic regression model, where appropriate. Uncertainty in the estimates will be represented using 95% credible intervals.
A comparative framework will be developed to allow assessment of the comparative accuracy of diagnostic tests. Subgroup analyses will be undertaken for time since onset of symptoms, setting (including community and secondary care testing), and reference standard, where appropriate.
ConclusionResults of this review will be combined with routinely collected electronic health records from the DECOVID database to inform relationships between tests and subgroups for healthcare decision-making. New methodology developed as part of this review will be generalizable to the evaluation of diagnostic test accuracy in other diseases.


In the UK, dietary fibre intake is below the recommended level of 30 g/day. The manipulation of behavioural change is challenging, hence finding alternative ways to improve diet is important. The development of functional foods such as bread with added functional ingredients such as β-glucan and black tea may be more feasible and acceptable than changing to a new eating pattern. β-Glucan and black tea are often eaten separately, however there may be a food-matrix interaction between starch, protein (gluten), tea (poly)phenols and β-glucan when added together in a bread. We hypothesise that β-glucan and black tea will be digested slowly and display a blunted postprandial glycaemia. Some undigested residues will reach the colon, where it will be metabolised to short chain fatty acids (SCFA). SCFA, particularly propionate, have the potential to increase satiety by stimulating G protein receptors, however the effects on food intake need to be tested. This project described: i) development of a functional bread containing black tea, BT; β- glucan, βG; β-Glucan and black tea, βGBT) and compare it to normal white bread (WB) (study 1); ii) determination of bread palatability, perceived satiety and subsequent energy intake following ingestion (study 2); iii) determination of postprandial glucose and insulin responses, and appetite hormones (CCK, PYY and GLP-1) among healthy volunteers (study 3 – in vivo study). In study 1, the breads were developed and tested for starch functionality, antioxidant potential and in vitro fermentability mimicking human colonic fermentation. βG and βGBT breads reduced early (10-min) in vitro starch hydrolysis and this could be due to action of β-glucan that 'protected' some of the starch granules (microscopic study) against amylolysis. Digestion with α-amylase increased antioxidant potential and total (poly)phenols content of BT and βGBT breads compared with WB. In vitro propionate concentration did not increase significantly when fermented with β-glucan. High inter- individual variation was observed for individual SCFA production. The addition of black tea had no apparent effect on SCFA production. Study 2 is a randomised, crossover study design conducted in healthy volunteers. Breads were given as breakfast and perceived satiety (perceived fullness, hunger, satiety, desire to eat and prospective food intake) was measured postprandially for 3 h. Ad libitum lunch was given after 3 h and energy intake estimated. BT bread was the most acceptable among all breads. βG and βGBT breads showed adverse taste, texture and palatability but showed similar overall acceptability as WB and BT breads. Female subjects showed lower preference for taste, texture and palatability of βG and βGBT compared with WB. βG and βGBT had positive effects on perceived satiety as follows: 1) decreased hunger; 2) increased fullness; and 3) decreased desire to eat. However, eating βG and βGBT at breakfast did not reduce energy intake at lunch compared with WB. Study 3 was similar to study 2. Only βG bread showed significantly lower glucose TAUC0-180 min compared with BT and βGBT but has no apparent effect on insulin response. No significant changes were observed for CCK and GLP-1 responses for all breads. However, βG and βGBT showed lower PYY TAUC0-180 min compared with BT. In vitro starch hydrolysis did not correlate with in vivo postprandial glycaemic responses.
In conclusion, these studies suggest that breads with β-glucan and/or black tea have positive effects on perceived satiety in vivo and show good overall acceptability. However, there is no clear evidence that they affect appetite regulation. Breads containing 7 g β- glucan per 50 g of available carbohydrate reduced in vivo glucose response without altering insulin responses. There was no additional effect of adding black tea together with β-glucan to bread on the in vivo postprandial glycaemic response. It is too early to generalise the results from in vitro batch fermentation and starch hydrolysis and this needs to be considered when planning future dietary interventions looking at both in vitro and in vivo studies. Overall this study concluded that adding soluble dietary fibre to bread is feasible in controlling glycaemic responses and may help increase daily dietary fibre intake.


The delineation of deep (>3000m) reservoirs is a primary objective in the exploration of the LardereIlo and Mt Amiata (Italy) geothermal fields. Drilling wells at such depths in relatively hard rocks is expensive, therefore risk must be minimized through optimum application of surface exploration techniques. Since 1974 ENEL has performed extensive reflection seismic surveys. They made it possible to identify well defined groups of reflectors within a metamorphic basement composed of phyllites, micoschists and gneisses (Batini et at, 1978). An exploratory well, the San Pompeo 2 well, revealed the presence of a permeable zone filled with geothermal fluids at very high temperature (>400°C) and pressure (>240 bars) and corresponding to the main reflector or K marker. Subsequent deep drilling targeted at reflections with lateral continuity over 1-2 km above the K marker demonstrated the existence of productive zones associated with these reflections. Because these reflections are less continuous, their delineation is a major objective. A 3D seismic reflection survey combined with multi-offset well seismic profiles, well logs and measurements on core samples (ERL/MIT, 1989) was therefore planned as a pilot study. It was carried out at the Monteverdi test site where an extensive drilling programme was to take place.


Graham Molitor's article provides a timely prompt for reflecting on the value of scenario practices, especially given several data sources indicating their usage has increased significantly since 2001 (e.g. Ramirez, Selsky, & van der Heijden, 2008, p.9. Molitor is not alone in his struggle to clarify the effectiveness of scenario practices. Others, including myself, are endeavouring to address similar questions: how to judge effectiveness and what do we mean by effectiveness' when referring to such practices? As he implicitly suggests, his critique does not imply that we should throw the scenario 'baby out with the bathwater'. It is all too easy to agree with some of the criticisms of scenarios raised by Molitor. Three aspects are particularly relevant: The first is that futures work seems to be characterised by highly personalised practices. Such practices can be introduced by someone who thought it was "a good idea" but who failed to fully reflect on the complexity of the situation and bases their choice of techniques on sound theoretical principles. Secondly, as much of scenario work is secret – particularly in military and corporate sectors- and/or difficult to assess, it is very hard to engage in comparative research. Thirdly, common to other practitioner-led fields, scenario practices are blessed with a high degree of innovation and entrepreneurship and cursed by a lack of reliable accounts that render explicitly what has worked and what has not, why and for whom in different settings.


When NASA's Curiosity rover lands in August 2012, the rover will use a laserinduced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) instrument to collect data in an effort to understand the chemical composition and geological classification of the rocks on Mars. This is part of a larger endeavor to determine information about the planet's habitability. LIBS is a method used to determine the elemental composition of a given sample. For each rock sample analyzed by the instrument, a LIBS spectrum consisting of over 6,000 different channels is obtained. In order to prepare for the return of LIBS data from the rover, this project aims to evaluate the accuracy of statistical methods, such as discriminant analysis, support vector machines, and clustering algorithms for categorizing the rock samples into groups with similar chemical compositions based on their LIBS spectra alone. Accurate classification is critical for rapid identification of similar unknown samples, novelty detection, and in the selection of a training set of data for use in the estimation of chemical compositions. Similar studies have been performed; however, they generally fail to use statistical best practices and therefore have wildly optimistic results. The data used in this project is from the "century set", a suite of 100 igneous rock samples. These 100 samples are the only ones currently available for this project which have both LIBS spectra and known chemical compositions. Having the known chemical compositions allowed the century set samples to be divided into groups with geological similarities based on their Total Alkali-Silica (TAS) classes, and provided a way to evaluate the predictive accuracy of the classification algorithms using K-fold cross validation. The results show that the small sample size and uneven distribution of samples in different TAS classes make classification into many groups difficult, contradicting many of the outcomes displayed in the literature. However, some of the methods explored in this thesis do show promise based on their performance in simpler classification tasks, so the results should be reevaluated once more data is obtained. LIBS data is scarce, so this thesis also briefly explores the results from one method of simulating a LIBS spectrum based on the sample's chemical composition. Simulated data could be used to examine the effects of sample size on the accuracies of the various classification algorithms.


Instruction tuning is essential for large language models (LLMs) to become interactive. While many instruction tuning datasets exist in English, there is a noticeable lack in other languages. Also, their effectiveness has not been well verified in non-English languages. We construct a Japanese instruction dataset by expanding and filtering existing datasets and apply the dataset to a Japanese pre-trained base model. We performed Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) tuning on both Japanese and English existing models using our instruction dataset. We evaluated these models from both quantitative and qualitative perspectives. As a result, the effectiveness of Japanese instruction datasets is confirmed. The results also indicate that even with relatively small LLMs, performances in downstream tasks would be improved through instruction tuning. Our instruction dataset, tuned models, and implementation are publicly available online.


ABSTRACT: The service life of our nation's infrastructure has become a topic of increasing focus in recent years. While above-ground infrastructure deterioration is readily apparent, the infrastructure beneath the surface can be much worse and yet is often largely ignored until it is too late. Since culverts and other buried structures typically are not inspected as frequently as above-ground structures such as bridges, the proper assessment and determination of their service life becomes very important. The design service life of corrugated high density polyethylene (HDPE) drainage pipe has been a subject of considerable research over the past several years. This paper presents a method for determination of long-term service life of corrugated HDPE pipe by utilizing some of the current widely accepted methods employed by the smooth-walled plastic pipe industry while modifying them somewhat to take into account the unique geometry and installation conditions of buried corrugated pipe. The resulting data when tested in accordance to this protocol indicate a service life in excess of 100 years.


Tuberculosis of breast is a rare disease usually affecting young women in developing countries. In western countries it occurs most commonly in women of Asian origin. It is usually unilateral. It mimics pyogenic inflammatory disease and carcinoma of the breast. A 18 year old female patient presented with multiple discharging sinuses in left breast and fever for last four months. She had been treated with non-specific antimicrobials by physicians with no response. She neither had previous coexistent evidence of tuberculosis elsewhere in the body nor family history of tuberculosis. Pus was collected from discharging sinuses and subjected to Cartridge Based Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (CBNAAT). It detected Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Rifampicin resistance tuberculosis (RR-TB). Liquid culture and Drug susceptibility testing (LC-DST) confirmed it as a case of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MTB isolate Rifampicin and Isoniazid resistant).


Nanoparticle reinforced nickel matrix composite coating, n-Al2O3/Ni, was prepared by manual brush-plating and auto brush-plating technologies. For the auto-coating, the surface was smooth and made up of large quantity spheroid grain. The observed auto-coating's structure was dense. Compared with the auto-coating, the manual-coating's surface was coarser, the grains that form the surface were not spheroid but anomalistic and similar to cauliflower. The structure of manual-coating was sparser than the auto-coating's. And the test found that the auto-coating's micro-hardness improves 8% than the manual-coating's. Results of the friction wear testing at elevated temperature showed that the wear resistance of auto-coating decreases while the temperature goes higher. It was concluded that during the process of auto-coating, with the help of computer, the speed, pressure and flow brush liquid was stable. While during the manual process the parameters were not controlled so that the quality of the coating was influenced. The other advantage of the auto-coating was set worker free from the front line, decrease harm to worker, provide comfortable working condition, and keep the coating's quality on a high level, can be adapted to large-scale popularization and application.


Economy is one of the important tools in the upbringing of human's civilization. Looking back at the Golden Age of Islam, Muslims merchants were all over the world not just for trading purposes but also to spread the beautiful teaching of Islam. During the reign of Caliph Harun al-Rashid (170-193 A.H.) the Muslim world experienced the best moment where each members of the society was taking part in the economic activities as they wanted to contribute to the society. Thus, it led to the level of almost no poverty at all (Ismail, 2012). History also portrayed that Prophet Muhammad sallahu'alaihiwasallam and many of the sahabah were successful businessmen. However, it seems the world has gone upside down where most of the Muslims nowadays have been left far behind and live in poverty and abused by others. Therefore, the role of Mosque need to be revised on the basis of Islam as a syumul religion which comprises all life segments including the economy or muamalat. e-Halal One Stop Centre (e-HOSC) is being proposed to help the Muslim entrepreneurs especially to those who are still searching for the best platform to market their products with zero cost and in the same time helping the consumers to find halal products from Muslim producers. This program is the extension of eHalal4All Program (Abdul Rahman Ahmad Dahlan et al, 2014), with the aim to enhance the economic and social well being of rural communities in Sabah, Malaysia. e-HOSC will be maintained and supervised by Masjid Negara (National Mosque) supported by Jabatan Kemajuan Islam Malaysia (JAKIM) and SME Corp as the centre and will be integrated with all mosques in Malaysia via Network-of-Mosques (NoM). Masjid Negara is being proposed as the administrator as one of its functions is to make a range of activities for Muslim community and it is an established organization where it has publication and multimedia unit which can be assigned to manage e-HOSC portal. Literature review and Business Model Canvas will be used as the methodology approach. Also, we would adapt the concept used by online marketplaces like Amazon.com or Mudah.my and leveraging on mobile apps to ensure the acceptance, reliability and efficiency of the program. This program is expected to enhance the Muslim entrepreneurs and increase their market shares and indirectly, people will be closer to the mosque and thus, proved the completeness of Islam as the way of life.