Sanning the globe in countries ranging from Ethiopia and Mongolia to Papua New Guinea to Peru, beneficiaries of the ITC Women and Trade textiles and garments project attended a capacity building workshop at Parsons The New School for Design in New York City on 18-27 June. Joined by Indian artisans from ITC's Global Platform network, as well as representatives from partner institutions, talented women from the textile industry worked closely with faculty technicians, students and industry specialists to develop joint items, as well as individual collections. The collections will feature in the London-New York Festival (LDNY Festival) opening ceremony on 22 September, at parallel fashion shows in both cities.


English language teaching (ELT) is overcoming its monolingual character with students increasingly bringing additional languages to the classroom. Closely related to this, there is a growing awareness of the fact that students' experiences with multilingualism are a valuable resource which should also be harnessed in language classrooms. Even if English is the language of instruction, the learners' home languages, other languages and language varieties spoken in the school and personal environments, all influence their learning process and the formation of cultural identities. This paper looks critically at the traditional concept of the monolingual language classroom and explores the potential of multilingual literature which supports the learners' second language development while, at the same time, raising their awareness of multilingualism and developing their plurilingual literacies. The EnglishSpanish children's book Friends from the Other Side/Amigos del Otro Lado (1995) by American writer and Chicana cultural theorist Gloria Anzaldúa serves as an example of how working with multilingual literature can enrich the English learning experience of children from different age groups.


Presents an overview of certain passivity-based control laws for a class of nonlinear multibody flexible space structures. The control laws presented achieve globally asymptotically stable large-angle closed-loop manoeuvres. The control laws use inherent passivity of such systems and are robust to unmodeled dynamics, parametric uncertainties, and, in some cases, certain actuator/sensor nonlinearities. Some results on trajectory tracking of rigid and flexible multibody space systems are also given.


Under the setup of the Shinzo Abe administration's regional revitalization policy, various expectations are placed on the role of regional financial institutions. On the other hand, regional financial institutions have been promoting the strengthening of the function of relationship banking since the mid 2000s, and various initiatives aimed at revitalizing regional economies are under way. However, the regional economy is still in recession, and the number of closed business establishments exceeds the number of businesses opened except for some large cities over the past decades. In addition, since many regional financial institutions have been expanding their branch networks, there is a high possibility that the relationships with local business partners are becoming weak. In this paper, we examine how the competitiveness of regional financial institutions affects the entry and exit rates of private enterprises, using municipality-based data of "economic census." We find that as the degree of competition falls, the firm entry rate rises and the firm exit rate falls. Consistent results were obtained even when the number of employees is used instead of the number of establishments. Our main findings support the previous studies which predict that low bank competition will increase access to credit, and indicate the significance of the existence of regional financial institutions in rural areas.


Visual recognition takes a small fraction of a second and relies on the cascade of signals along the ventral visual stream. Given the rapid path through multiple processing steps between photoreceptors and higher visual areas, information must progress from stage to stage very quickly. This rapid progression of information suggests that fine temporal details of the neural response may be important to the brain's encoding of visual signals. We investigated how changes in the relative timing of incoming visual stimulation affect the representation of object information by recording intracranial field potentials along the human ventral visual stream while subjects recognized objects whose parts were presented with varying asynchrony. Visual responses along the ventral stream were sensitive to timing differences as small as 17 ms between parts. In particular, there was a strong dependency on the temporal order of stimulus presentation, even at short asynchronies. From these observations we infer that the neural representation of complex information in visual cortex can be modulated by rapid dynamics on scales of tens of milliseconds.


Powdery mildew of cantaloupe in Arizona is caused by the plant pathogenic fungus Sphaerotheca fuliginea. The disease is usually found in some melon fields each year; however, the incidence and severity of the disease is quite variable. Disease development is favored by low relative humidity, moderate temperatures, and succulent plant growth. Potential new fungicides were evaluated for disease control in a field trial conducted in the spring of 1993. All tested materials provided significant control when compared to untreated cantaloupe plants. In this study, none of the compounds provided disease protection significantly superior to that demonstrated by Bayleton, the fungicide currently registered for use on cantaloupes. Introduction Powdery mildew, a disease caused by the plant pathogenic fungus Sphaerotheca fuliginea, is usually not difficult to find in cantaloupe plantings in Arizona. Disease symptoms first appear as small, white, superficial spots on stems and leaves. When these lesions enlarge, they become powdery in appearance, increase in number and eventually cover stems and both surfaces of leaves. Infection on young leaves can lead to general chlorosis and eventual death of infected leaves. Severely infected leaves become brown and desiccated with resultant premature defoliation. Cantaloupe fruit are free of visible infection; however, severely infected plants produce prematurely ripened fruit of poor quality that are at greater risk to sunburn damage because of the reduced plant canopy. The degree of yield reduction depends upon the duration and severity of disease development. Disease development is favored by low relative humidity, dry soil conditions, moderate temperatures, reduced light intensity, and succulent plant growth. These conditions often exist within the plant canopy of actively growing cantaloupe plantings. Disease control can be achieved by planting cultivars that demonstrate tolerance or resistance to the disease. If susceptible cultivars are grown, it is extremely important to have fungicidal protection in place when environmental conditions become favorable for disease development. The life cycle of the fungal pathogen, going from spore germination on the leaf to lesion formation and subsequent release of masses of new spores, can be as short as 4 -5 days. By the time the first lesions are visible on plant leaves, numerous additional lesions are already developing but not yet visible. Sulfur, applied in a timely manner, can inhibit disease development, but serious leaf burn can result in the high temperatures that often occur when environmental and cultural conditions are favorable for development of powdery mildew. Triadimefon (Bayleton) can also help control powdery mildew, but some growers in Arizona have not achieved the level of disease control that they would like to see with this material.


Technology refresh is an important component in data-center management that needs to be properly justified because of its high cost and associated migration risk. The goal of this paper is to support the technology refresh decision process for small target IT environments with a statistical learning method that automatically identifies and ranks their servers with problematic behavior based on incident ticket and server attribute data. Since the IT environments are heterogeneous, in practice, a separate model is trained for each of them. To address the small sample sizes available for many IT environments, we develop a random forest transfer learning solution that leverages information from large IT environments in a selective manner. It trains a model for each target IT environment that uses properly derived resampling weights such that the distribution of the pool of all examples from the large accounts is matched to the target distribution of the small target IT environment. In this way, a tailored predictive model that uses the information available from many large IT environments provides good quality predictions for small IT environments. We demonstrate the superior prediction quality of our model on a large set of real data.


In recent years, calls have grown for the implementation of heutagogy, a form of self-determined learning, in higher education settings. Although a key tenet of the heutagogic paradigm is a belief in the notion of human agency, our recent experiences as university tutors suggest that many students might not actually desire some of the aspects inherent in the approach, instead preferring more didactic, tutor-led modes of teaching and learning geared towards successful completion of assessed work. This paper reports the extent to which undergraduate students (N=35) at two different UK institutions, about to embark jointly on a module designed using a heutagogical approach, valued learner autonomy and self-determination in their studies. It also identified students' major motivators when undertaking the module. Results suggest learner autonomy and self-determination were indeed valued by students, with four themes describing their main motivators: (a) achievement, (b) knowledge and understanding, (c), self-improvement, and (d) peer learning and interaction.


This study is a part of an ample research concerning the genetic analysis (history) of Lipizzan horses from Beclean studfarm. The genetic analysis studies are a part of Animal Genetic Resources Management because just start of them we elaborate the strategies for inbreeding management. This study has as purpose to present two important aspects of genetic analysis: reproductive isolation level and age structure.This parameters has a capital importance in animal breeding because there has a directly influence in animal population evolution. The reproductive isolation situation was quantified using the relation elaborated by S. Wright in 1921. The age structure situation is based on the age distribution histogram. The analysis showed that the Hucul horse from Lucina stud is a reproductively isolated population and have its own evolutionary path. Age structure is not balanced with negative repercurssions on generation interval.


The purpose of this study is to support seventh-grade students' learning about angle magnitude. Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) is employed as the design heuristic of the educational design. Design research is considered as the appropriate research approach to investigate how the design lesson can help students to comprehend the important concepts of angles magnitude through reasoning activities. The data such as, the collection of students' written work, interview with students, and video recording from the whole teaching experiments were analyzed using task-oriented method to continually improve the design. The results from the analysis suggest that the use of reasoning activities in the teaching experiments could help the students to retrieve their prior-knowledge about angle, negate their misconceptions about angle and allow them to reinvent the relation between angles magnitudes in a parallel-transversal situation. It was shown how production tasks and reasoning activities supported the learning of important concepts of angles and its magnitude. In the teaching experiments, several students came to reason about the angle magnitude using informal measurement, overlapping and reshaping strategy.


The dependence of composition and sintering temperature on physical properties of ALA was investigated. Mechanism of black discoloration(sometimes called black core) usually found in the interior cores of artificial lightweight aggregate was also investigated by the optical observations. As a result, the primary cause of black discoloration in the interior of the lightweight aggregate body resulting from incomplete burn-out of carbonaceous impurities and iron-containing materials.In the cross-sectional morphology of ALA, bloating phenomena as well as formation of large pores were found in the samples containing ferrous materials. By increasing content of ferrous materials, both specific gravity and water absorption have been decreased.


Social Justice Education for Teachers: Paulo Freire and the Possible Dream is a book that will help teachers in their commitment to and praxis of an education for social justice. The book traces the reception of Freire's ideas in the USA, Canada, Latin America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia and provides some glimpses of topical yet seminal interventions in the philosophy of education, including studies of the relationships between Freire and Rousseau, Freire and Dewey, or Freire and Gramsci. In addition it addresses how Freire's ideas could be implemented in urban education, both in the industrialized and developing world, and how the debates about globalization today need to addressed also with the politics of liberation as a possible dream. Three of the authors, Moacir Gadotti, Carlos Alberto Torres, and Jose Eustaquio Romao with the help of Paulo Freire, created the first Paulo Freire Institute in Sao Paulo, Brazil in 1991, and worked very closely with Freire for more than two decades, while the remaining scholars/activist are noted Freirean scholars and urban educators devoting their research, teaching and political activism to promote tools of conviviality and models of policy that will make this a better world, a less ugly world, a world, in the words of Freire, where it will be easier to love.


In this new CEPS Policy Brief, the author, the Director General of DG External Relations at the European Commission, explores the utility of the EU's newest foreign policy tool, the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP). Describing the ENP as a virtuous circle, Landaburu characterises the policy as one based on shared values and enlightened self-interest. He argues that by increasing the prosperity, stability and security of the EU's neighbours and by projecting the EU's prosperity, stability and security beyond its borders, it increases its own. In other words, "by helping our neighbours, we help ourselves".


Sixteen canine myocardial pedicle preparations were divided into four groups. Group I received 60 minutes of reversible ischemic anoxia, Group II 90 minutes, Group III 120 minutes, and Group IV 180 minutes. Transmural ischemic infarction was present in Group I. With longer periods of anoxia, capillary disruption occurred, first in the subendocardium (90 minutes) and then transmurally (180 minutes). Reperfusion after ischemic, anoxic time periods of 90 minutes or greater produced hemorrhagic necrosis, the extent of which was directly proportional to the duration of the preceding ischemic, anoxic period. One hundred and twenty patients with aortic valve replacement surgery then were analyzed retrospectively. Of the 25 deaths, seven were due to immediate postinfarction, five from subendocardial hemorrhagic necrosis. The common factor in the patients with hemorrhagic infarction was a markedly reduced coronary flow (45 to 55 ml. per minute) for more than 70 minutes during the interval of cardiopulmonary bypass. Although other factors may be involved, it is hypothesized that the main cause is a degree of localized ischemia of sufficient duration to induce capillary disruption and subsequent postbypass hemorrhagic necrosis when normal coronary artery perfusion is resumed.


Although newborn screening of congenital hearing loss through otoacustic emissions allow prompt recognition, imaging techniques, such as CT and MRI are needed to get a morphological diagnosis. Furthermore they can be very useful in unilateral cases, whose clinical presentation is belated and more insidious. Our aim is to show the utility of MRI in the study of inner ear congenital anomalies, whose presentation is belated. Thus from a series of 88 consecutive patients in which a MRI was performed as screening of assymetric sensorineural hearing loss, we selected 6 cases aged between 6 and 20. Four of them showed an inner ear anomaly on MRI. We present these anomalies commenting the findings on CT and MRI. Imaging techniques are required to start hearing rehabilitation programs early on patients with bilateral inner ear anomalies. But also they are very useful in the evaluation of unilateral assymetric sensorineural hearing loss, in young patients, even if only some frequencies are damned, to determine the nature of hearing loss.


The impact of interbudgetary redistribution of funds on the financial independence of local authorities is analysed in this article. The authors argue that interbudgetary redistribution of funds in Lithuania proves to be the important mean retaining the dominance of central government's on the local finances. Transfer payments from the state budget reflect the central government's policy towards local governments. Financial transfers from the state budget reinforce the role of the state institutions in the sub national finances field and restrict the financial independence of local governments. Besides this fact, local budget income equalization and revenue redistribution through the state budget does not contribute to the natural development of local financial system. Current problems, their consequences and possible solutions for increasing local financial independence had been analyzed in the article. In order to explore the practice of interbudgetary redistribution in the context of public finance system, categories of the institutionalism theory was chosen. Institutionalism provides a framework for defining the logic of state and local government institutions interaction in the process of allocating resources. Article explores the institutional interests and institutional conflicts in Lithuanian public finance institutional field. The main conflict arenas are defined as follows: redistribution of local governments' revenues through the state budget; the domination of special grants in local budgets revenue structure; and special grants for investment projects.


Oceanic plate seismicity is generally dominated by normal and strike-slip faulting associated with active spreading ridges and transform faults. Fossil structural fabrics inherited from spreading ridges also host earthquakes. The Indian Oceanic plate, considered quite active seismically, has hosted earthquakes both on its active and fossil fault systems. The 4 December 2015 Mw 7.1 normal-faulting earthquake, located ∼700  km south of the southeast Indian ridge in the southern Indian Ocean, is a rarity due to its location away from the ridge, lack of association with any mapped faults and its focal depth close to the 800°C isotherm. We present results of teleseismic body-wave inversion that suggest that the earthquake occurred on a north-northwest–south-southeast-striking normal fault at a depth of 34 km. The rupture propagated at 2.7  km/s with compact slip over an area of 48×48  km2 around the hypocenter. Our analysis of the background tectonics suggests that our chosen fault plane is in the same direction as the mapped normal faults on the eastern flanks of the Kerguelen plateau. We propose that these buried normal faults, possibly the relics of the ancient rifting might have been reactivated, leading to the 2015 midplate earthquake.


This guide will provide a summary of concepts related to finding information for assignments in Dr. Villa's English 202 course.


Background Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a relentlessly progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Diffusion magnetic resonance imagining (MRI) studies have consistently showed widespread alterations in both motor and non-motor brain regions. However, connectomics and graph theory based approaches have shown inconsistent results. Hub-centered lesion patterns and their impact on local and large-scale brain networks remain to be established. The objective of this work is to characterize topological properties of structural brain connectivity in ALS using an array of local, global and hub-based network metrics. Materials and Methods Magnetic resonance imagining data were acquired from 25 patients with ALS and 26 age-matched healthy controls. Structural network graphs were constructed from diffusion tensor MRI. Network-based statistics (NBS) and graph theory metrics were used to compare structural networks without a priori regions of interest. Results Patients with ALS exhibited global network alterations with decreased global efficiency (Eglob) (p = 0.03) and a trend of reduced whole brain mean degree (p = 0.05) compared to controls. Six nodes showed significantly decreased mean degree in ALS: left postcentral gyrus, left interparietal and transverse parietal sulcus, left calcarine sulcus, left occipital temporal medial and lingual sulcus, right precentral gyrus and right frontal inferior sulcus (p < 0.01). Hub distribution was comparable between the two groups. There was no selective hub vulnerability or topological reorganization centered on these regions as the hub disruption index (κ) was not significant for the relevant metrics (degree, local efficiency and betweenness centrality). Using NBS, we identified an impaired motor subnetwork of 11 nodes and 10 edges centered on the precentral and the paracentral nodes (p < 0.01). Significant clinical correlations were identified between degree in the frontal area and the disease progression rate of ALS patients (p < 0.01). Conclusion Our study provides evidence that alterations of structural connectivity in ALS are primarily driven by node degree and white matter tract degeneration within an extended network around the precentral and the paracentral areas without hub-centered reorganization.


Effects of anesthesia and surgery on the level of cyclic nucleotides (CN) and their role in the formation of pathological reactions are little studied. We measured plasma concentrations of CN for evaluating the quantitative and qualitative changes in adenylate-guanylate cyclase metabolism under the effect of operation and for elucidating the role of these changes in postoperative disorders of hemodynamics and gas exchange. The findings in patients with surgical diseases of the lungs (168 pts), with acquired and congenital heart diseases (193 pts), and with atherosclerotic involvement of the aorta (63 pts) were analyzed. The CN system is responsible for the pre-, intra-, and postoperative status of surgical patients, which manifests by a hypermetabolic reaction leading to an increase in the blood concentrations of cAMP and cGMP. At the initial stages this reaction is compensatory, while in the immediate postoperative period CN are involved in the pathological mechanisms leading to hemodynamic disorders.


Author(s): McGuire, Valerie | Abstract: From 1912 until World War II, Italy occupied Rhodes and thirteen other islands in the Southeast Aegean as part of its territorial expansion. In comparison with Italian colonies in Africa the islands have received significantly less historical and critical attention. This article brings the Southeast Aegean into the light and into dialogue with ongoing debates about Italy's colonial past. I argue that the islands offer an important lens onto the relationship between overseas expansion and the remaking of Italian national identity at home. The essay reconstructs a massive project to reinvent the port of Rhodes as an upscale resort town of cultural attraction for Italian and European tourists. It describes how the urban renovation of Rhodes was marked simultaneously by the desire to modernize the island and by the desire to preserve, embellish and celebrate the exotic setting of the island. Analyzing architecture, urban planning, touring propaganda, and representations of the local community in photography and film, the article illuminates Italian fantasies of recuperating cosmopolitan histories through Mediterranean colonial tourism. At the same time, these fantasies evolved over time. The articles tracks an unresolvable ambivalence about whether the islands were "Western" or "Eastern"—part of metropolitan Italy or part of its overseas expansion—and its ideological challenge to the Fascist ideas about nation and race.


Why and how do people campaign on behalf of a species that is not their own? Responses to this question provide important insights into the much misunderstood animal rights movement and the people in it who challenge the moral orthodoxy that underpins our attitudes towards nonhuman animals. The norm of moderate concern for animals - that animals matter albeit less than humans - permits the (ab)use of animals in vivisection, factory farming ,bloodsports and other contexts where animals suffer. Social movement theory is used to show how animal rights activists are engaged in the social construction of cruelty as a social problem which they seek to prevent by their intellectual, practical and emotion work in seminal campaigns against cruelty in the United States, England and Australia.


Microscopy was performed on tools obtained from the Middle Stone Age deposits of Sibudu Cave because previous observations suggested that there might be a possible functional role for ochre at the site. Analyses of the distribution patterns of ochre residues conducted on post-Howiesons Poort points and Howiesons Poort segments from Sibudu Cave show that ochre was an integral part of the hafting technologies for the duration of these techno-complexes. Close associations between ochre and resin on these tools strengthen the hypothesis that ground ochre was probably mixed into the adhesives that were used to glue the tools to hafts. The evidence presented here expands our understanding of the versatility and value of pigmentatious material in prehistory; it is not intended to be an alternative or replacement hypothesis for its possible symbolic role.


The Gardar Igneous Province is believed to involve the remains of Proterozoic rifting which evolved through repeated phases of activity around 1300 Ma, 1250 Ma and 1170 Ma ago. A gravity survey across part of the province has established the presence of a gravity 'high' of some 300 g u amplitude which is 30 km wide and elongated ENE–WSW, centred on Tunugdliarfik and axially along one of the main zones of Gardar intrusives. This gravity anomaly is similar to that of other ancient rift systems and appears to be a residual of the axial anomaly to be found in modern active rifts. It is interpreted in terms of a basic mass underlying a late Gardar rift, some 50 km long and 25 km wide, intruding the crust. Evidence suggests the Gardar rifting cannot be explained in terms of a major crustal separation as an extension of the mid-continental rift and Keweenawan systems of North America. It is more consistent with crustal stretching of no more than 10 km and possibly diapiric mechanisms. The coastal gravity gradient appears to be due to a change in crustal thickness coincident with the coastline, some 25 km beyond the present ice cap limit. Although Greenland may be in overall isostatic balance, it seems that the coastal zone remains overcompensated.


In modern nutrition research, mass spectrometry has developed into a tool to assess health, sensory as well as quality and safety aspects of food. Two strategies are followed for nutrient and metabolite analysis either in foodstuffs or in biological fluids sampled from the food consumer:
 The "traditional" targeted conception, which measures only selected compounds with pre-determined properties such as a given mass or structure as described later.
 The more recent non-targeted conception, which includes fingerprinting of samples and evaluating the unidentified signals with statistical methods (e.g., principal component analysis, linear discriminant analysis, discriminant function analysis etc.).

For nutrients and metabolite identification purposes, in addition to NMR, two major techniques are currently applied, namely tandem mass spectrometry and accurate mass measurements. Tandem mass spectrometry enables elucidation and confirmation of metabolite structures, while accurate mass measurements in combination with isotope pattern analysis provide elemental composition of the metabolite. Furthermore, hydrogen/deuterium exchange experiments are combined with mass spectrometry 1 to distinguish between isomeric structures of analytes. On the other hand, quantification of nutrients and metabolites is mostly achieved using the selected-reaction monitoring technique on quadrupole-based platforms. Quadrupole analyzers provide the best linear and dynamic range for biological samples, but application of high-resolution with time-of-flight or Orbitrap analyzers can also separate the signal of interest from interferences thereby enhancing detection limits.In this chapter, we will focus on a brief description of each mass spectrometric technique applied to nutrition research, with a short emphasis on the working principle of each ionization, mass separation and ion detection method. We will also describe some specific technologies like those enabling detection of stable-isotope labelled macro- and micro-nutrients.


a description of the main illness in such infants-respiratory distress syndrome, and the last 5 chapters in the book cover other respiratory illnesses, neurological problems, infections, jaundice and malformations. There are particularly good descriptions of general aspects of neonatology such as the interpretation of perinatal statistics, the management of mother-child attachment, talking to parents, minimal handling of sick infants, resuscitation, and the care and examination of the normal fullterm newborn, though the section on infant feeding would benefit from showing some more conviction about the benefits of the new whey-based infant formulas, and a table showing the composition of different milks would also be helpful. Dr Vulliamy's apparent unwillingness to commit himself about which type of milk to give, is typical of the book as a whole. The approach is, in general, discursive rather than didactic, and specific illness orientated rather than clinical problem orientated. While it mi8ht be said that this gives a fairer view of the subject, in this type of short book there is a risk of confusing the reader, and it also seriously reduces the book's value as a practical guide even for the management of healthy fullterm infants. The lack of problem orientation means that it is not possible to look up what to do with a grunting neonate, or a possibly infected baby-perhaps the two commonest clinical situations which confront a nurse or a resident in a maternity hospital. Although the topics covered in the second half of the book have been 'modernised' for this 5th edition, there is still some imbalance, and an old fashioned feel about it. Neonatal hypocalcaemic fits and intracerebral birth trauma are now virtually extinct; choanal atresia, galactosaemia and epispadias are extremely rare, yet all these conditions receive much more attention than common problems such as meconium aspiration or transient tachypnoea; intraventricular haemorrhage, now the commonest cause ofdeath in the neonatal period, is scarcely mentioned. Many of the rarer conditions mentioned would be better dealt with by much freer use ofdiagrams and/or tables. The author--or the editors-have some difficulty in converting from old to new units; a P02 of 100 mmHg is 13 kPa in some places and 14 kPa in others, and it is particularly sad to see the seriously incorrect conversion of 24 oz/lb to 150 ml/kg being perpetuated yet again. These are, however, minor criticisms of what is, and, despite the presence of a plethora of new books on the care of very sick infants, ill justifiably remain a popular primer for those working with newborn babies. Furthermore, at £5.95, it is a bargain. N. R. C. ROBERTON. Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CR2 2QQ.


By using the super-symmetric quantum mechanics (SUSYQM) method, this paper obtains the analytical solutions for the spin-weighted spheroidal wave equation in the case of s = 2. Based on the derived W 0 to W 4 the general form for the n-th-order super-potential is summarized and is proved correct by mathematical induction. Hence the ground eigenvalue problem is completely solved. Particularly, the novel solutions of the excited state are investigated according to the shape-invariance property.


Abstract. Aerial photography has a long history of being employed for mapping purposes due to some of its main advantages, including large area imaging from above and minimization of field work. Since few years multi-camera aerial systems are becoming a practical sensor technology across a growing geospatial market, as complementary to the traditional vertical views. Multi-camera aerial systems capture not only the conventional nadir views, but also tilted images at the same time. In this paper, a particular use of such imagery in the field of building inspection as well as disaster assessment is addressed. The main idea is to inspect a building from four cardinal directions by using monoplotting functionalities. The developed application allows to measure building height and distances and to digitize man-made structures, creating 3D surfaces and building models. The realized GUI is capable of identifying a building from several oblique points of views, as well as calculates the approximate height of buildings, ground distances and basic vectorization. The geometric accuracy of the results remains a function of several parameters, namely image resolution, quality of available parameters (DEM, calibration and orientation values), user expertise and measuring capability.


Water constitutes and essential flow for the reproduction of urban environments. However and differently than other essential flows such as energy, money or materials, water is essentially bounded to local or regional environments for direct uses. Water stressed urban environments (such those in Mediterranean areas) are prone to suffer water scarcity both due to physical variables but also to human and social factors. Thus, understanding which factors lay behind urban water consumption is critical both in theory terms and also in technical and policy related matters. While the economic and technical literature has paid a great deal of attention to the role of price and other socio-economic drivers, the present work reviews other types of research carried out in the field of domestic water consumption drivers, and highlights the potential contributions of studying territorial, demographic and cultural factors, all of them of great interest for Geography.


First-principles study of elastic modulus, shear modulus and some other elastic parameters of TiN and NbN are reported using the plane-wave pseudopotential density functional theory method in this paper. The calculated lattice and elastic constants are in good agreement with the experimental data and other theoretical results. The band structure and density of states of these two compounds were obtained, which show that the mainly contribution on pseudopotential calculations of the density of states of TiN is Ti-3d orbital and N-2p orbital, while TiN is the Nb-4d orbit and B-2p orbit, TiN with higher conductivity; Pugh empirical criterion shows that TiN and NbN are both brittle compounds, and NbN is more brittle than TiN.


Abstract Artificial neural network (ANN) simulation is used to predict the rejection of two salts (NaCl and MgCl2) at typical seawater concentrations in a cross-flow nanofiltration membrane process. Rejections are predicted as a function of feed pressure and permeate flux with the salt concentration as a parameter. ANN predictions of the two salts' rejections are compared with experimental results obtained using three different nanofiltration membranes (NF90, NF270 and N30F) in a cross flow filtration set-up. The experimental program spans a concentration range of 5000 to 25 000 ppm for NaCl solution and of 5000 to 20 000 ppm for MgCl2 solution at pressures covering the range of 2–9 bars. The effects of the training algorithm, neural network architectures and transfer function on the ANN performance, as reflected by the percentage average absolute deviation are discussed. A network with one hidden layer comprising four neurones is found to be adequate for mapping input–output relationships and providing a good interpolative tool. Algorithms based on the conjugate gradient, regularization and quasi-Newton principles were found to outperform those based on the gradient descent and variable momentum gradient descent. The former algorithms gave an average absolute percentage deviation up to 5% whereas deviations up to 20% are obtained from the latter algorithms. For most of the cases considered, the ANN proved to be an adequate interpolation tool, where an excellent prediction was obtained for some concentration levels not represented in the training data set. For very limited cases, the ANN predictive performance was poor. However, the network's performance in these extreme cases didn't improve even with increasing the data points in the training data set.


The purpose of this research was to study the effect of turmeric powder supplementation prior to sexual maturity of Japanese quail's egg. Forty-five of female quils were assigned into completely randomized design with 3 treatments (P0: without tumeric powder or control, P1: level of turmeric powder 54 mg/quail/day, P2: level of turmeric powder 108 mg/quail/day) and each treatments used 3 quils with 5 replications respectively. The treatments were administrated every day for 30 days started at the age of 14 days. Parameters measured were number of follicles hierarchy. Statistical analysis used ANOVA followed by Duncan's test. The result showed that administrated turmeric powder suplementation at level 108 mg/quail/day had significantly increase the number of Japanese quail follicles hierarchy prior to sexual maturity.


SUMMARY: Nectria haematococca, a fungal pathogen of pea, demethylates the pea isoflavonoid phytoalexin pisatin to yield the less inhibitory product, 3,6a-dihydroxy-8,9-methylenedioxypterocarpan. Among naturally occurring isolates that demethylate pisatin (PDA+ isolates), some can be induced to do so at a high rate by pretreatment with the substrate (PDAi isolates), while others demethylate pisatin only slowly, regardless of pretreatment (PDAn isolates). Genetic analysis of these pisatin demethylation phenotypes has indicated that one gene confers the PDAi phenotype and that two distinct genes at different loci each confer the PDAn phenotype. We report here the relationship of these PDA phenotypes to pisatin tolerance and to virulence toward pea. The contribution of each PDA gene to these traits was also evaluated. In initial crosses between tolerant, PDA+ parents, recombinant progeny lacking demethylating activity (PDA- isolates) occurred. These PDA− progeny were uniformly more sensitive to pisatin than the PDA* parents and all PDA+ progeny. Progeny having PDA1 phenotypes were more tolerant to pisatin than PDAn progeny, which in turn were more tolerant than PDA− phenotype. Further genetic analyses confirmed that a characteristic pattern of pisatin tolerance was associated with each PDA gene. The gene conferring the PDAi phenotype was associated with the highest level of tolerance, while the two genes conferring PDAn phenotypes were each associated with an intermediate level of pisatin tolerance. Thus relative tolerance to pisatin appears to depend upon both the presence and amount of pisatin demethylase activity. Virulence toward pea may also be determined by the ability to demethylate pisatin rapidly. In numerous crosses between vV. haematococca isolates with different pisatin demethylation phenotypes, high virulence in progeny was always correlated to the PDAi phenotype. AH PDAn and PDA− progeny were low in virulence. Thus the gene that confers high pisatin demethylase activity in N. haematococca is, or is closely linked to, a gene for virulence to pea.


In an earlier work we presented and upper bound on the minimum Euclidean distance for block coded phase shift keying. The bound presented is valid for any alphabet size q\geq4, but it applies only to codes with medium or high rates: codes for which |C|>(q/3)^n. Here |C| is the number of codewords and n is the block length. The bound is proven to be tight for many parameter values at high rates. In this paper we present for the case q=8 an improved upper bound. This bound is tighter at medium rates, and is valid for all rates.


The present article highlights a new approach to solving objectives aimed at efficient and rational development of oil and gas fields based on conducted production logging of Kogalymneftegaz TME, LUKOIL-Western Siberia LLC horizontal wells with the application of marker-based technology Quantum PLT.
 Well logging technology using markers is based on the application of quantum marker-reporters precisely indicating oil and water inflows. The placement of markers in the well implies two alternative technological solutions – application of marked proppant during MFrac or application of downhole cassettes with markers installed in the lower completion of the horizontal well. The advantages of the technology involve no necessity of well shut-in during downhole operations and the possibility to obtain an unlimited number of analytical data for a long period of time.
 Marker-based technologies produced by different manufacturers differ in physical principles of operation, as well as in the methods of markers placement in the well or reservoir. The results of two alternative marker-based systems application in one well are shown in this article. This approach allowed us to compare the results and to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of these two technologies. The well was completed by MFrac with the possibility of further ports control with the application of coiled tubing service. Each of five well intervals was equipped with two marker cassettes fixed on both sides of the MFrac port. Three months later MFrac with pumping marked proppant was performed on the well.
 As a result of the world-first field application of alternative marker-based systems, valuable analytical material was obtained on the quantitative analysis of various markers, the performance of different polymers, the stability of the markers allocation in the formation fluid. The data obtained confirmed the character of the marked proppant pack washing out with the formation fluid in comparison with cassettes with markers.
 Moreover, the efficiency of conducted stimulation was evaluated, specific horizontal well inflow profile types were identified, the degree of the reservoir management system impact on the inflow profile was evaluated.
 It has been demonstrated, that received analytical data based on horizontal wells production logging enable addressing the issues of field digitalization at a totally new level, including: –visualizing recovery in hydrodynamical models;–control of hydrocarbon recovery, also by improving water flooding efficiency and better management of injection wells;–efficient planning of well intervention and stimulation techniques;–optimization of horizontal sections length and the number of MFrac ports;–adapting the relevant geological and hydrodynamic models considering analytical data related to production logging data, etc.


BACKGROUND
Previous studies suggest that visceral ischaemia precedes shock and multiple organ failure, though methods for studying humans are lacking. We aimed to evaluate intraperitoneal microdialysis, a new technique for detecting splanchnic ischaemia in clinical practice.

METHODS
Right-sided hemicolectomy was performed in eight patients who were studied by microdialysis postoperatively for glucose, lactate, pyruvate and glycerol levels.

RESULTS
Six of the eight patients showed a normal postoperative course and had lactate/pyruvate ratios between 7.1 and 21.7, glucose between 4.5 and 14.3 mmol/L and glycerol between 10.4 and 296 micromol/L. In one patient, intraperitoneal lactate/pyruvate ratio and glycerol increased and glucose decreased 5 h before low oxygenation appeared. Another patient exhibited a period of increased lactate/pyruvate ratio before a period of atrial fibrillation.

CONCLUSION
Intraperitoneal microdialysis was performed safely. Two out of the eight patients exhibited changes of metabolic markers followed by clinical symptoms that were probably related to transient visceral ischaemia. Our findings suggest that intraperitoneal microdialysis may become a useful tool for monitoring splanchnic ischaemia in clinical practice.


The seepage of rock and soil is a common problem in geotechnical engineering, because of the uncertainty property of rock and soil, how to ascertain the seepage parameter of rock and soil becomes a problem to solve. Aiming to the problem, after introducing the theory of seepage parameter identification, the paper combines unstable seepage finite element method (FEM) and difference evolution (DE) arithmetic, constructs intelligent identification FEM method of seepage parameter, and develops the procedure. The hydraulic head distribution of seepage field can be calculated accurately by FEM and the optimal solution can be obtained by DE, the seepage FEM being embedded in DE, overcoming the local optimization problems of conventional methods and improving the precision of identification. A tam sample is calculated by the method, it states that the convergence speed is quick and result is satisfied. It is a powerful method for seepage parameter identification.


Five experiments were conducted to investigate how subsyllabic, syllabic, and prosodic information is processed in Cantonese monosyllabic word production. A picture-word interference task was used in which a target picture and a distractor word were presented simultaneously or sequentially. In the first 3 experiments with visually presented distractors, null effects on naming latencies were found when the distractor and the picture name shared the onset, the rhyme, the tone, or both the onset and tone. However, significant facilitation effects were obtained when the target and the distractor shared the rhyme + tone (Experiment 2), the segmental syllable (Experiment 3), or the syllable + tone (Experiment 3). Similar results were found in Experiments 4 and 5 with spoken rather than visual distractors. Moreover, a significant facilitation effect was observed in the rhyme-related condition in Experiment 5, and this effect was not affected by the degree of phonological overlap between the target and the distractor. These results are interpreted in an interactive model, which allows feedback sending from the subsyllabic to the lexical level during the phonological encoding stage in Cantonese word production.


In this article, we empirically examine the impact of wives' participation
in the labor market on family earnings inequality, by paying
attention to the dynamic aspect of labor supply by wives. We find
that wives' earnings have a moderate equalizing effect on family earnings
inequality. Unlike in the United States, cohort effects in earnings
inequality are relatively small in Japan. The correlation between husbands'
and wives' earnings is small for almost every cohort in our
cross-sectional data. The analysis of panel data suggests that married
women's employment has a strong persistence, which has a significant
impact on the level of family earnings.


A simplified processing system is presented for research that is simple to use, portable between software platforms, and independent of any other processing systems. The system is designed around input and output SEGY files and uses an input text file to define these files and other parameters. Commercial packages may then used for displaying or additional processing.


Abstract : A stack is a very efficient way of allocating and deallocating memory, but it works only with a restricted pattern of usage. Garbage collection is completely flexible but comparatively costly. The implementation of powerful control structures naturally uses memory which usually fits in with stack allocation but must have the flexibility to do otherwise from time to time. How can we manage memory which only once in a while violates stack restrictions without paying a price the rest of the time? This paper provides an extremely simple way of doing so, in which only the part of the system which actually uses the stack needs to know anything about the stack. We call them Phantom Stacks because they are liable to vanish if subjected to close scrutiny. Phantom Stacks will be used in the next version of the Artificial Intelligence Lab's Scheme microprocessor chip. (Author)


High thermal efficiency of LNG liquefaction plants is of importance in order to minimize feed usage and to reduce CO2 emissions. The need for high efficiency becomes important in gas constrained situations where savings in fuel auto consumption of the plant for liquefaction chilling and power generation can be converted into LNG production and also from the standpoint of CO2 reduction. This paper will provide a comprehensive overview of waste heat recovery approaches in LNG Liquefaction facilities as a measure to boost thermal efficiency and reduce fuel auto-consumption. The paper will cover types of heating media, the need and use of heat for process applications, the use of hot oil, steam and water for process applications and direct recovery of waste heat. Cogeneration and combined cycle approaches for LNG liquefaction will also be presented along with thermal designs. Parametric studies and cycle studies relating to waste heat recovery from gas turbines used in LNG liquefaction plants will be provided.The economic viability of waste heat recovery and the extent to which heat integration is deployed will depend on the magnitude of the accrual of operating cost savings, and their ability to counteract the initial capital outlay. Savings can be in the form of reduced fuel gas costs and reduced carbon dioxide taxes. Ultimately the impact of these savings will depend on the owner's measurement of the value of fuel gas; whether fuel usage is accounted for as lost feed or lost product. The negative impacts include the reduction in nitrogen rejection that occurs with reduced fuel gas usage and the power restrictions imposed on gas turbine drivers due to the increased exhaust system back-pressure caused by the presence of the WHRU. When steam systems are acceptable, a cogeneration type liquefaction facility can be attractive. In addition to steam generation and hot oil heating, newer concepts such as the use of ORCs or supercritical CO2 cycles will also be addressed.Copyright © 2015 by ASME


Analysis of telemetered vibration data received from Transit-Courier launchings, using Able-Star space vehicle equipment, indicates three major sources of vibration. These are missile engine acoustic noise at liftoff, aerodynamic effects as the missile reaches Mach 1, and separation shock when the second-stage vehicle is launched. These measurements were taken at the Able-Star instrument platform; thus very little vibration if any was induced by turbopumps, alternators, or snap-operating valves. Vibration decreases to extremely low levels between the three periods of major excitation; therefore, transmission of vibration directly from the rocket engine through the missile structure has negligible effect on space vehicle equipment. Data obtained are useful in establishing equipment environmental test criteria. Specifications requiring sinusoidal combined with random vibration are indicated by some functions and shaped random, emphasizing certain frequency regions, are suggested for other functions.


The analysis of the College Board's Advanced Placement (AP) enrollment focused on marginalized populations' (i.e., African American, Hispanic, and poor students) limited access and the schools' efforts to bridge the gaps. Little research has been done on marginalized populations' AP passage rates. The researchers of this correlational study investigated AP enrollment and passage rates in public and charter high schools in Florida (n = 355) by comparing the enrollment and passage proportions amongst Caucasian, African American, and Hispanic students as well as the proportions of students who received free or reduced lunch. The results showed a weak, positive relationship between proportions of Hispanic, African American, and Caucasian students passing AP exams and the proportion of AP students enrolled. There was a strong, positive relationship amongst the proportions of African-American, Hispanic, and Caucasian students who passed the exam. However, a weak, negative relationship was found between the proportions of students who were enrolled in AP classes and those who received free or reduced lunch. There was also a negative relationship between Hispanic, African American, and Caucasian students passing the AP exam and the percentage of the school's population enrolled in free or reduced lunch. The findings suggest that schools with high poverty rates have a low enrollment rate of students in AP courses. The focus on AP enrollment rates for minority students has led to increased rates of minorities successfully completing advanced coursework, but there is still a need for similar focus on high poverty schools.Â


Attempt has been made to identify dominant forms and factors for finance supply in Bulgarian farms. New Institutional and Transaction Costs Economics framework is used to estimate comparative efficiency of various modes for financing of short-term and long-term activities of farms of different type and size. Study is based on a large-scale microeconomic data collected through interviews with managers of 0.5% of commercial farms in the country. Big transitional institutional, economic and behavioral uncertainty combined with high asset specificity and low recurrence of transactions, have blocked use of market debt financing of farms. Great variety of specific private modes have emerged to overcome funding difficulties and to govern dependant transactions (internal investment, personal contacts, share investment, interlinked organization). However, vast development and maintenance costs ('free riding") have prevented formation of effective collective credit supply forms. Large third-party (Government, international assistance, NGO) intervention has also taken place to finance (directly or indirectly) farms or to assist market and private modes of funding of farm activities. Nevertheless, for majority of Bulgarian farms external funding is still either too expensive (high interest rate, unaffordable collateral requirements, immense paper work and bureaucratic procedures, big "side payments") or not accessible at all. High transaction costs for "credit supply", and "marketing", and "contract enforcement" are the major factors limiting farm enlargement at present stage of transition. Along with further credit support, public involvement should be directed to enhancement of efficiency of State lending programs and improvement of general institutional environment (legislative framework, contract enforcement system, market infrastructure etc.).


The article is part of the special issue of the journal on Charles P. Kindleberger (CPK). It is here reported one of CPK's articles published in Moneta e Credito (vol. 33 n. 131, settembre 1980, pp. 253-58). The article presents a short piece of scientific autobiography by Kindleberger, and it is part of a series of recollections published by the journal in the old series of the journal.


Importance Trans-fatty acids (TFAs) have deleterious cardiovascular effects. Restrictions on their use were initiated in 11 New York State (NYS) counties between 2007 and 2011. The US Food and Drug Administration plans a nationwide restriction in 2018. Public health implications of TFA restrictions are not well understood. Objective To determine whether TFA restrictions in NYS counties were associated with fewer hospital admissions for myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke compared with NYS counties without restrictions. Design, Setting, and Participants We conducted a retrospective observational pre-post study of residents in counties with TFA restrictions vs counties without restrictions from 2002 to 2013 using NYS Department of Health's Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System and census population estimates. In this natural experiment, we included those residents who were hospitalized for MI or stroke. The data analysis was conducted from December 2014 through July 2016. Exposure Residing in a county where TFAs were restricted. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was a composite of MI and stroke events based on primary discharge diagnostic codes from hospital admissions in NYS. Admission rates were calculated by year, age, sex, and county of residence. A difference-in-differences regression design was used to compare admission rates in populations with and without TFA restrictions. Restrictions were only implemented in highly urban counties, based on US Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service Urban Influence Codes. Nonrestriction counties of similar urbanicity were chosen to make a comparison population. Temporal trends and county characteristics were accounted for using fixed effects by county and year, as well as linear time trends by county. We adjusted for age, sex, and commuting between restriction and nonrestriction counties. Results In 2006, the year before the first restrictions were implemented, there were 8.4 million adults (53.6% female) in highly urban counties with TFA restrictions and 3.3 million adults (52.3% female) in highly urban counties without restrictions. Twenty-five counties were included in the nonrestriction population and 11 in the restriction population. Three or more years after restriction implementation, the population with TFA restrictions experienced significant additional decline beyond temporal trends in MI and stroke events combined (−6.2%; 95% CI, −9.2% to −3.2%; P < .001) and MI (−7.8%; 95% CI, −12.7% to −2.8%; P = .002) and a nonsignificant decline in stroke (−3.6%; 95% CI, −7.6% to 0.4%; P = .08) compared with the nonrestriction populations. Conclusions and Relevance The NYS populations with TFA restrictions experienced fewer cardiovascular events, beyond temporal trends, compared with those without restrictions.


The purpose of this study has been to investigate as fully as possible the background and the developments ofthe hormic theory and its effective influence upon present day psychology. II. Historically, the hormic principle is traceableback to Plato and mainly to Aristotle. Philosophically, its roots cannot be isolated from Hobbes's and Locke's principleof Empirical Associationism, a principle based largely upon the premise that there are psychological laws which describewhat man would think, what he could know, and what he might do. Such a trend of thinking was to some extent confoundedwith Descartes mechanism which later McDougall decried on the ground that it does not account for the individual's freewill. III. With the advent of Darwin's theory of evolution (1859) the climate of thought in Britain was propitious f orthe new outlook and Psychology m particular profited tremendously from its novel interpretations. Seizing upon newconcepts implied in the evolutionary creed, McDougall efficiently introduced the hormically, motivational Psychology. IV, Unlike the mechanistic contentions, the dynamic hormic theory emphasises the nature of the organism's behaviour; i,e, nature endows the individual with a remarkable constitution which purposively produces or attempts to produce the right kind of behaviour and the appropriate type of mental attitude. Motivation therefore emerges from within and brain is the source of the intellect, of thinking, of ideas as well as it is the organ of motivation, Ethological and biological observations as well as modern Psychological techniques have favourably endorsed McDougall's hormic position, V, What gives the hormic theory supremacy over the rival ones is that it maintains a kaleidoscopic, voluntary explanation of behaviour and retains in its philosophy spirituality, rationality and the purposefulness of life. It has been found, besides other major characteristics, that in its present implications and psychological applications, the hormic theory has now experimental support, is viable and highly influential.


BACKGROUND
Transvenous lead extraction can lead to tricuspid valve damage.

OBJECTIVES
To assess the incidence, risk factors and clinical outcome of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) following lead extraction.

METHODS
We prospectively collected data on patients who underwent lead extraction at the Sheba Medical Center prior to laser use (i.e., before 2012). Echocardiography results before and following the procedure were used to confirm TR worsening, defined as an echocardiographic increase of at least one TR grade. Various clinical and echocardiographic parameters were analyzed as risk factors for TR. Clinical and echocardiographic follow-up was conducted to assess the clinical significance outcome of extraction-induced TR.

RESULTS
Of 152 patients who underwent lead extraction without laser before 2012, 86 (56%) (192 electrodes) had echocardiography results before and within one week following the procedure. New or worsening TR was discovered in 13 patients (15%). Use of mechanical tools and younger age at extraction were found on multivariate analysis to be factors for TR development (P = 0.04 and P = 0.03 respectively). Average follow-up was 22.25 ± 21.34 months (range 8-93). There were no significant differences in the incidence of right-sided heart failure (50% vs. 23%, P = 0.192) or hospitalizations due to heart failure exacerbations (37.5% vs. 11%, P = 0.110). No patient required tricuspid valve repair or replacement. Death rates were similar in the TR and non-TR groups (20% vs. 33%).

CONCLUSIONS
TR following lead extraction is not uncommon but does not seem to affect survival or outcomes such as need for valve surgery. Its long-term effects remain to be determined.


In this follow-up interview to her keynote lecture at the MeCCSA-PGN 2015 Conference in Coventry, Rebecca Coleman discusses the affective relations between bodies, images and environments. Coleman offers an overview of her work on images and the body, as well as her interest in theorising the present and the future, and explains her engagement with feminism, new materialism and Deleuze, in particular. To understand how bodies 'become', she argues for the need to understand both process, transformation and change, and what stays, sticks or gets stopped.


Practical knowledge about the performance of a ship while navigating in ice is crucial for the selection of safe and efficient route for a ship. Existing route finding tools estimate ship performance in ice adopting numerous approaches, ranging from model tests and engineering models to experts-based guidelines. Therein ship performance is usually understood as attainable ship speed or the average speed in given ice conditions; rarely the probability of besetting in ice is taken into account. Those models despite being fairly accurate in the theory share the same shortcoming in practice. The latter encompasses three main issues: (1) inaccurate information about prevailing ice conditions, (2) presence of ice conditions that goes beyond the scope of the models, and (3) the effect of operational patterns and traffic organization on the performance of an individual ship. To approach those issues, we propose a hybrid model of ship performance in ice-covered waters. The hybrid model combines two other sub-models: engineering and data-driven. The former determines ship speed and besetting probability in ridged ice field with ice concentration close to 100%. The latter sub-model provides information on ship's speed in the actual ice conditions, where the speed is affected also by operational restrictions and icebreaker assistance. It is based on an extensive dataset combining ship data from automatic identification system and ice data from ice charts and ice forecast models. The presented hybrid model is valid for a specific ship type, which is ice going bulk carrier (IA Super ice class), operating within the Northern Baltic Sea winter navigation system. The obtained results reveal that the hybrid model in principle is capable of providing reliable information about the performance of a ship in a wide range of conditions accounting for environmental variability and existing operational conditions. The model is suitable for the purpose of safe route planning in ice for a single ship or group of similar ships, accounting for the economy and safety of a voyage.


Travel behaviour change is traditionally regarded as being difficult to achieve, with strategies and initiatives often generating only slow and incremental shifts in behaviour amongst the population. There is an emerging discussion in the literature that more radical approaches to travel behaviour change are needed, to contribute to achieving challenging decarbonisation targets. If a step change is required then one potential source of learning is the study of disruptions to systems of mobility provision, which may provide valuable insights into how more radical travel behaviour change is achieved and, potentially, sustained.

This thesis provides an innovative approach to examining major-event disruption, in this case arising from the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games, to understand the potential for change from such large, disruptive events. A four-wave longitudinal panel survey was applied to establish the extent, and longevity, of change in response to the Games. The research uses the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) to critically examine travel behaviour.

The results show that change was extensive during the Games (54% made at least one change); however change was not often sustained afterwards. Reducing, relocating and re-timing were the most common changes. The key elements of the TTM were not well suited to studying change in such a context, however less commonly used constructs of the model contributed to the identification of four clusters within the sample that provided valuable insight into the behaviour observed.

This research makes a valuable contribution to the growing literature around the potential for learning, and opportunities for change, when there is an imperative to do so. Whilst the longevity of changes to travel were limited, the research provided greater understanding of the adaptability and planning involved in response to major-event disruption, and what this means for future travel planning. The clusters generated helped to show the psychological constructs important for supporting different types of change, which can contribute to approaching and understanding travel behaviour change in broader contexts, when there is an imperative to change.


The analysis of a group of recombinant strains of phenotypically yellow mutant Y-4 Chlamydomonas reinhardii has shown a considerable variability in displaying the degree of pigmentation. Chlorophyll "a" is the first to accumulate in chloroplasts. Chlorophyll "b" was found in strains when the content of chlorophyll "a" reached 1% of its concentration in cells of the wild type, The occurrence of spectral forms of chlorophyll "a" at 661, 667, 678, 685, 698 and 703 does not correlate with its quantitative accumulation. Variability in pigment accumulation is accompanied by changes both in the structural organization of the membrane system of chloroplasts and in the functional activity of photosystems. The degree of development of chloroplast structure in the group of recombinant strains varies from the formation of vesicules to well developed tilakoids and their arrangement in grains.


One of way to preventing bacterial resistance is a combination of natural plant products with antibiotics. Hibiscus rosasinensis leaf proved to have antibacterial activity against Shigella dysentriae. Ciprofloxacin is the first-choice antibiotic to treat Shigella dysentriae infection. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of methanol extract of Hibiscus rosasinensis leaves and ciprofloxacin against S. dysentriae bacteria in vitro. The type of this study was quasi experimental design with posttest only control group design using nine treatment groups (with concentration variation of 0.5 μg / mL, 1 μg / mL, 2 μg / mL, 4 μg / mL, 8 μg / mL, 16 μg / mL, 32 μg / mL, 64 μg / mL, and 128 μg / mL with 5 μg / 5 μL ciprofloxacin) and one control group (only 5 μg / 5 μL ciprofloxacin). The method used was agar well diffusion. The data was the diameter of inhibition zone around the well. The results showed that the variant of hibiscus leaf concentration could inhibit the growth of Shigella dysentriae but formed smaller inhibition zone diameter than ciprofloxacin alone.


An arbitrarily shaped microstrip patch antenna excited through an arbitrarily shaped aperture in the mouth of a rectangular waveguide is investigated theoretically and experimentally. The metallic patch resides on a dielectric substrate grounded by the waveguide flange and may be covered by a dielectric superstrate. The substrate (and superstrate, if present) consists of one or more planar, homogeneous layers, which may exhibit uniaxial anisotropy. The analysis is based on the space domain integral equation approach. More specifically, the Green's functions for the layered medium and the waveguide are used to formulate a coupled set of integral equations for the patch current and the aperture electric field. The layered medium Green's function is expressed in terms of Sommerfeld-type integrals and the waveguide Green's function in terms of Floquet series, which are both accelerated to reduce the computational effort. The coupled integral equations are solved by the method of moments using vector basis functions defined over triangular subdomains. The dominant mode reflection coefficient in the waveguide and the far-field radiation patterns are then found from the computed aperture field and patch current distributions. The radar cross section (RCS) of a plane-wave excited structure is obtained in a like manner. Sample numerical results are presented and are found to be in good agreement with measurements and with published data. >


We revised our own experience in 208 patients with pleural effusion to whom fiberoptic bronchoscopy was made in part of the diagnostic study. In our population the most frequent cause was neoplastic origen, observing that in 97 patients (46%), 60 of them were due to bronchogenic carcinoma. In relation to the presentation symptoms, just when haemoptysis was present bronchoscopy exhibited bigger diagnostic profitability (17 of 29), p < 0.001. There were 106 patients (51%) who had some or several parenchymatic injuries going with the pleural effusion. In this group, in 55 cases, fiberoptic bronchoscopy was useful to the diagnosis; on the contrary when the only radiologic abnormality was pleural effusion, 102 cases, in 96 of them the procedure was not diagnostic, p < 0.001. A close relationship was noticed between diagnostic profitability of bronchoscopy with the existence of pulmonary neoplasm; about the 61 diagnosed patients using bronchoscopy, 53 of them had bronchogenic carcinoma, p < 0.001. We conclude then in our experience bronchoscopy is useful to the diagnosis of pleural effusion if it goes with haemoptysis or parenchymatic lesions in the radioly. Its diagnostic profitability has close relationship with the existence of bronchogenic carcinoma.


By virtue of complex interactions, the behaviour of mutualistic systems is difficult to study and nearly impossible to predict. We have developed a theoretical model of a modifiable experimental yeast system that is amenable to exploring self-organised cooperation while considering the production and use of specific metabolites. Leveraging the simplicity of an artificial yeast system, a simple model of mutualism, we develop and test the assumptions and stability of this theoretical model. We examine how one-off, recurring and permanent changes to an ecological niche affect a cooperative interaction and identify an ecological "Goldilocks zone" in which the mutualism can survive. Moreover, we explore how a factor like the cost of mutualism – the cellular burden of cooperating – influences the stability of mutualism and how environmental changes shape this stability. Our results highlight the fragility of mutualisms and suggest the use of synthetic biology to stave off an ecological collapse.


On the model of skin wound in white rats in the dynamics of wound process the interaction of mast cells and fibroblasts was studied. Quantitative, morphological and functional changes of mast cells, the content of free and total histamine and serotonin, the reaction of fibroblasts in the focus of skin lesion during 20 days after injury were investigated. It was established that the mast cells played an important role not only in the early inflammatory phase but also in the later time of wound process. An increase in the mast cells count, in their functional activity, in free and total histamine and serotonin content during the reparative phase of wound process corresponding to the fibroblast reaction was observed. The increase in the mast cells number, the greatest release and accumulation of biogenic amines were paralleled by simultaneous increase in the fibroblast count, enhanced forming of new connective tissue, by drastic reduction of the area wound. The possible mechanisms of mast cells and fibroblasts interaction in the reparative phase of wound process are discussed.


Undoubtedly the Internet sources are absolutely beneficial to the senior high school students since they carried the target language together in itself. The present study aimed to explore podcast effects on EFL learners' listening comprehension. This study involved sixty students chosen from the eleventh grade students of the science department at SMU Negeri 1 luwu in 2017/2018 academic years. They divided into two groups, namely the experimental and control group. The listening comprehension test and the open-ended questions administered to fulfil the objectives of the study. The quantitative data were analysed by utilizing paired and independent samples t-test, and the qualitative data was analysed through an open coding technique by identifying, naming, and describing the phenomena of the gathered data. The quantitative results indicated that the use of podcast was more effective than the use of non-podcast. It was proven by the value of the mean score from both of the groups (53.73 ˃ 37,46). The different (df) of  those two mean scores was statistically significant based on the the t - test value at 0.05 significance level. The probability value was smaller than significant level (0.000 < 0.05). In other words, the result of hypothesis testing found that t-value = 4.791 was higher than t-table = 2.000 (p=0.05, df =58). Ha was accepted and Ho was rejected. In addition, the result of open-ended question analysis highlighted that podcast was attractive in the teaching and learning of English as a foreign language listening comprehension.Podcast, Listening Comprehension, Learning Interest


Many have long debated whether Congress may strip the federal courts completely of jurisdiction over certain classes of cases. Until the last few years, these debates met the very definition of academic. Aside from two statutes, Congress had never engaged in clear removal of cases from the Supreme Court or the lower federal courts. That changed with the Court's decision in Rasul v. Bush, which extended the federal writ of habeas corpus to alien enemy combatants detained at the Guantanamo Bay, Cuba Naval Station. In response to Rasul, Congress enacted the Detainee Treatment Act of 2005 (DTA), which forbade any federal court to entertain a petition for a writ of habeas corpus from an enemy combatant held at Guantanamo Bay. To honor Paul Mishkin's many years of work on central federal courts questions, we will discuss our differing views regarding the constitutional issues raised by the DTA and MCA. Limiting the habeas corpus jurisdiction of the federal courts for aliens held at Guantanamo Bay may represent error correction, but it also exposes the MCA to attack as unconstitutional jurisdiction stripping or an illegal suspension of the writ of habeas corpus. Our dialogue identifies and articulates the conflict between two long-standing constitutional principles. On one side lies congressional control over the jurisdiction of the federal courts, and a complementary reliance on the political branches to manage wartime strategy and tactics. On the other rests the Due Process Clause's requirement that all persons receive a fair opportunity to challenge the constitutionality of their detention by the government.


This inquiry demonstrates the pivotal place of attentional phenomena in associating sign, Object, and Interpretant in Secondness. It identifies overt attentional habits (Indexes) and how they are modified/replaced in favor of more covert ones (symbols). The role of Peirce's Object in securing attentional patterns to affairs in Secondness is highlighted. Alterations in use of attentional artifacts determine the kind and degree of reasoning. While use of Indexical signs in Secondness promotes assumptions of co-occurring cause-effect relations, use of symbols in Thirdness facilitates attenuation between cause and effect. As such, agency (human or otherwise) fails to wholly account for assignment of novel Interpretants to ground triads, particularly when the Object does so. Findings illustrate how unexpected eventualities in Secondness call for reconstruction of premises and inductive experimentation, and as such, how recognition of regularities in Secondness re-emerge to renovate patterns of reasoning – from diagrammatic to abductive reasoning.


Separated powers cannot permanently constrain individual ambitions. Concerns about a government's ability to respond to contemporary and future crises, we show, invariably compromise the principled commitments one branch of government has in limiting the authority of another. We study a dynamic model in which a politician (most commonly an executive) makes authority claims that are subject to a hard constraint (administered, typically, by a court). At any period, the court is free to rule against the executive and thereby permanently halt her efforts to acquire more power. Because it appropriately cares about the executive's ability to address real-world disruptions, however, the court is always willing to affirm more authority. Neither robust electoral competition nor alternative characterizations of judicial rule fundamentally alters this state of affairs. The result, we show, is a persistent accumulation of executive authority.


A healthful work environment brings safety to employees' physical and mental capabilities in performing their daily routine.  In order to reach the healthful work environment, providing the healthful facilities must be taking into account.  The examples of facilities are chair seating and lighting.  A proper chair seating and sufficient lighting play important role in ensuring employees' welfare are protected as well their work performance goes up.  The ignorance of these important healthful work environments will lead to work stress.  Office ergonomics can be provided and used in any type of workplaces like permanent office, home office, virtual office, or even mobile office which the employees working at construction sites for temporary.  Employees, who are spending time in office, sitting on chair, interacting with computer and switching on lamp from 8:00 a.m. till 5:00 p.m. is suggested to be provided ergonomics facilities like adjustable chair seating and appropriate lighting level. Keywords: Ergonomics, Chair Seating, Lighting, Work Stress


Abstract This article describes an innovative simulation experience for nursing students. Faculty from a community health nursing course and a course in gerontology worked together to provide a comprehensive simulation experience that combined low-fidelity and high-fidelity experiences that provided an integrated learning experience and gave faculty with an opportunity to collaborate to improve outcomes. Student and faculty feedback was overwhelmingly positive. Future plans include incorporating a third didactic course, Leadership and Management, and working with other disciplines to demonstrate interprofessional collaboration.


In a wide area network (WAN) established infrastructure, one of the main problems ATM network planners and users face, when greater than T1/E1 bandwidth is required, is the high cost associated to T3/E3 links. The technology to cover the gap between T1/E1 and T3/E3 bandwidth at reasonable cost is known as inverse multiplexing for ATM (IMA). IMA allows multiple T1/E1 lines to be aggregated to support the transparent transmission of ATM cells over one single virtual trunk. In this paper, the fundamentals and major applications of IMA technology are described. Also, the behavior of IMA multiplexers is carefully analyzed and a method to dimension them proposed. For that purpose an IMA simulation tool has been developed, which permits the study of individual devices and the evaluation of the end-to-end performance of a logical trunk under several ATM input traffic patterns. The analytical study is based on the comparison with a M/D/C/(N+C) queue under Poisson input traffic.


It is undeniable that the juridical and institutional framework adopted by African democracies is characterized by many resemblances and similarities with regimes elaborated outside of the continent. In this age of globalization, far from being an African specificity imitation or what is called imitation, is or has become one aspect of a broader and more complex phenomenon, i.e. political and institutional standardization, with which it has been confused. At a time when the problem is not so much to define what form of democracy would suit Africa but rather to know how the democratic process chosen by African states can be strengthened, the priority should be to take into account the various strategies of invention of democracy and to identify, on a case by case basis, the forms and conditions of the development of democracy in the various contexts and environments in which it is expected to develop.


Background Cognitive and oculomotor performance have been extensively studied in Huntington Disease (HD), but evidence for significant deficits in premanifest gene carriers is still controversial. Moreover, their role as markers of disease status and progression is not yet convincingly established. Aims This study aims to understand the evolution of neuropsychological and saccadic performance in premanifest HD (preHD) over a course of 3 years. The results of the baseline assessment and preliminary longitudinal data regarding the one-year follow-up visit of the preHD group are shown here. Methods 15 preHD participants and 22 controls completed the baseline assessment. 10 preHD participants have completed the second visit so far. A comprehensive neuropsychological test battery was used to evaluate the overall cognitive functioning of the participants. An experimental paradigm was designed to assess oculomotor function. Participants completed four different horizontal saccadic tasks with an increasing executive/memory load: prosaccade, antisaccade, 1-or-2 back memory prosaccade and antisaccade. Success rate (percentage of error free trials), latency, directional and timing errors were calculated. Results No significant differences were found between preHD and controls in any of the neuropsychological tests, suggesting a similar overt cognitive baseline at visit #1. The cognitive results of the preHD group at visits #1 and #2 showed that their performance improved in some of the tests used. Concerning saccadic parameters, the preHD group exhibited at baseline a significantly faster response time compared to controls, specifically in memory antisaccades. At visit #2, preHD participants showed a lower success rate and an increased latency, particularly in tasks involving inhibitory processes. Conclusions These data suggest that oculomotor performance of the preHD group may rely on more automatic responses when an executive/memory load is added to the task, deteriorates in time, and also that temporal saccade properties can mark the presence of early neurodegeneration in HD. Furthermore, despite an already evident decline in the saccadic performance of preHD individuals after one year, this is not paralleled by overt cognitive deficits as measured by conventional neuropsychological tests.


For analysts China presents a conundrum. It is clear that China has made rapid progress, and the landscape of the world is changing due to China's unique position. Yet for decades, many have questioned this phenomenon, showing concern about cooked data, asset bubbles about to burst, and so on. Yet the Chinese economy has kept growing at a blistering pace, 9-10 per cent annually, and more at times, over a span of almost three decades. Analysing the last 30 years of reforms, this book helps us understand the Chinese growth success, the factors that made this possible, and the lessons that can be distilled from this experience for other developing countries. Arguing that traditional explanations are inadequate, the author applies the 'development as transformation' thesis to provide answers to a wide range of questions: Why has China grown so rapidly over such a long time, and what are the country's prospects in the future? Will it keep growing? Will it in the next few decades actually overtake the US as the largest economy in the world, as some observers have been forecasting, or will it implode as the many contradictions in the economy and society grind it to a halt? This is a unique book in that it is based on years of close interaction with the Chinese leadership, institutions, and society, as well as international organizations in the development community, when the author was posted in China. Available in OSO: http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/oso/public/content/economicsfinance/9780198078838/toc.html


SUMMARY Automatic differentiation (AD) is the technique whereby output variables of a computer code evaluating any complicated function (e.g. the solution to a differential equation) can be differentiated with respect to the input variables. Often AD tools take the form of source to source translators and produce computer code without the need for deriving and hand coding of explicit mathematical formulae by the user. The power of AD lies in the fact that it combines the generality of finite difference techniques and the accuracy and efficiency of analytical derivatives, while at the same time eliminating 'human' coding errors. It also provides the possibility of accurate, efficient derivative calculation from complex 'forward' codes where no analytical derivatives are possible and finite difference techniques are too cumbersome. AD is already having a major impact in areas such as optimization, meteorology and oceanography. Similarly it has considerable potential for use in non-linear inverse problems in geophysics where linearization is desirable, or for sensitivity analysis of large numerical simulation codes, for example, wave propagation and geodynamic modelling. At present, however, AD tools appear to be little used in the geosciences. Here we report on experiments using a state of the art AD tool to perform source to source code translation in a range of geoscience problems. These include calculating derivatives for Gibbs free energy minimization, seismic receiver function inversion, and seismic ray tracing. Issues of accuracy and efficiency are discussed.


Double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) are expected to be useful as elements in improving conventional polymer-based fibers and films. An extensive molecular dynamics simulation and continuum analyses are carried out to estimate the influence of matrix stiffness and the intertube radial displacements on free vibration of an individual DWNT. The effects of nanotube length and chirality are also taken into account. The continuum analyses are based on both Euler-Bernoulli and Timoshenko beam theories which considers shear deformation and rotary inertia and for both concentric and non-concentric assumptions considering intertube radial displacements and the related internal degrees of freedom. New intertube resonant frequencies are calculated. Detailed results are demonstrated for the dependence of resonant frequencies on the matrix stiffness. The results indicate that internal radial displacement and surrounding matrix stiffness could substantially affect resonant frequencies especially for longer doublewalled carbon nanotubes of larger innermost radius at higher resonant frequencies, and thus the latter does not keep the otherwise concentric structure at ultrahigh frequencies.


A new tool has been developed for comparison and evaluation of medical images based on image registration and edge detection algorithms. The tool performance has been demonstrated on the processing of the ortopantomograms taken before and after treatment. The accuracy of the performance has been discussed and the possible origins of tool performance errors have been explained. The results obtained using presented tool have been discussed by an expert. The expert has confirmed that the tool is well suited for comparison and evaluation of ortopantomograms. The expert has come to the conclusion that our tool can be useful in other specializations of dentistry, not only in orthodontics.


The human cytochrome oxidase complex is a multisubunit assembly in the inner mitochondrial membrane responsible for the terminal event in electron transport in which molecular oxygen is reduced. Various phenotypic forms of cytochrome oxidase deficiency have been recognized, the major varieties involving degeneration of the brain stem and basal ganglia (Leigh syndrome) and lactic acidemia. Others include a fatal infantile form, a benign reversible form, and forms with cardiomyopathy. Early recognition of complementation groups within, for instance, the Leigh syndrome group has recently been followed up with a description of the gene defect for three of the nuclear-encoded forms of cytochrome c oxidase (COX) deficiency. The three genes indicted, SURF1 for Leigh syndrome, COX 10 for leukodystrophy and tubulopathy, and SCO2 for the cardiomyopathic form, all have a role in the assembly of the mature cytochrome oxidase complex. The description of these gene defects and the role these genes play are discussed in terms of what can be learned about COX assembly and about the etiology of the different phenotypic forms of the disease.


This empirical study represents the first attempt to explore how academics and practitioners engage each other in the Supply Chain Management (SCM) discipline, and provides a better understanding of collaborative SCM research between both parties. A two-pronged approach, involving a content analysis and an e-mail survey, is employed to explore the issues on collaborative SCM research. We examine 131 articles co-authored by both scholars and practitioners of 6 SCM journals from 2003 to 2013. Specifically, we analyse the motivations, expectations, and communication involved in the process of collaborative research. Our findings suggest that academics and practitioners can partner as co-investigators in research collaboration to better explore an array of SCM phenomena embedded in SCM practice. Further, building collaborative SCM knowledge relationships expedites collaboration and benefits SCM knowledge learning, transfer, and co-production. The development of practice-based scientific SCM knowledge is useful for SCM theory building and serves to bridge the gap between rigour and relevance.


This paper investigates the causal relationship between economic development as measured by GDP per capita and foreign direct investment for an EU and EMU member country, Greece, by applying cointegration tests and Granger causality analysis, during the period 1970-2009. Robust empirical findings drawn from the Johansen cointegration analysis suggest the existence of a long-run equilibrium relationship. Furthermore, Granger causality test indicates that there is no bi-directional causal links on the FDI – GDP relationship. However, there is a one-way causality running from GDP to FDI, as results for the one and two year lags imply, strongly indicating that foreign capital penetration Granger-causes economic growth in Greece. Hence, adequate tax incentives, infrastructure quality and promotion of the human capital base, could guarantee inflow of foreign funds in the future, as evidence imply for the case of Greece.


In this paper we investigate the predominant robo-advisor model, uncovering that however novel this solution might be, it also relies religiously on imperative contributions to modern portfolio theory that have been made in the past half a century. Despite conforming by and large to passive investment, we find that the slight variations in the methodologies used by robo-advisors introduce significant variability in risk-adjusted returns across the robo-advisor spectrum. Nonetheless, our performance estimations show that three out of the four robo-advisors considered in this paper produce higher risk-adjusted return than the benchmark. In testing the robo-advisor model on the Norwegian market, we also find that a robo-advisor strategy based on a multifactor approach, outperforms the benchmark for the investment horizons considered.


Using local (rainfall data) and global satellite observations (atmospheric fields reanalysis, OLR data, satellite- observed brightness temperature data and cloud cluster data), the activity of convective equatorial waves revealed to be strongly coupled with the West african Monsoon (WaM) variability.
a previous study of wave activity in the West african area (Kafando et al., 2008), revealed that the signature of the monsoon is clearly observed on total energy density in the lower stratosphere (19-23km). the annual cycle and the climatology of wave total energy density showed that peaks of activity match the period of intense convection. in the present study, wave activity in relation with monsoon proxies (convection and precipitations) has been used to analyze the WaM interannual variability using nine years radiosonde observations, tropical rainfall Measuring Mission (trMM) data and Outgoing longwave radiation (Olr) data over several West african meteorological stations located in the latitudinal belt 4°n–20°n.


Mitochondrial handling of excess lipid substrate may be an important determinant of insulin resistance. Animal models support insulin signaling defects resulting from both defective fatty acid oxidation (FAO) with subsequent intra-cellular lipid accumulation on the one hand and enhanced FAO flux on the other. To explore the relationship between FAO and insulin sensitivity, we measured the change in intra-hepatic lipids (IHL) by MRS and hepatic insulin sensitivity during a 5-hour hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp with co-infusion of either a control glycerol solution versus a 20% intralipid solution, in random order and separated by 4 months. The study cohort included 18 subjects with an inherited defect in FAO (FAOD; including Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase 2, Long chain 3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA Dehydrogenase, Very Long-chain or Medium-chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiencies) and 18 matched normal healthy controls. Endogenous glucose production (EGP) before the start of the insulin infusion was similar between FAOD and controls. In controls, insulin suppressed EGP during the glycerol control clamp but this effect was significantly reduced during intralipid infusion (P<0.05, reduced hepatic insulin sensitivity) . In FAOD subjects, insulin suppressed EGP similarly during the glycerol and intralipid clamps (no impairment in insulin action) . Untargeted lipidomics /metabolomics of plasma measured at the end of the intralipid clamp demonstrated significant elevations of plasma acylcarnitines and some triglyceride species but lower production of ketones, and several phospholipids in subjects with FAOD compared to controls. Neither increased IHL nor elevated plasma acylcarnitines in FAOD subjects were associated with hepatic insulin resistance. In fact, impaired FAO protected against intralipid-induced hepatic insulin resistance suggesting that increased FAO flux rather than impaired mitochondrial function is a major determinant of insulin resistance in the liver.

 J.Q.Purnell: Advisory Panel; Novo Nordisk. A.N.Gregor: None. D.Choi: None. E.Baetscher: None. W.Rooney: Consultant; Ultragenix, Research Support; Italofarmco, Revalesio. C.O.Harding: None. M.B.Gillingham: None.

 NIH/NIDDK: R01DK102813NIH/NCATS: UL1TR002369


State Educational Institution for Professional Education - Prof. Voyno-Yasenetzkiy's High School of Krasnoyarsk State Medical Academy of Russian Public Health Ministry. We carried out the analysis of the changes in the spectrum of neutral lipoids and phospholipoids in blood serum as a response to meals in girls of different somatotypes. We revealed statistically true lowering of lipid acids content in representatives of all examined somatotypes after meals. Statistically true increase of simply oxidized fractions of phospholipoids in girls of sub-athletic and athletic somatotypes testifies on the change in the ratio of dynamics components of lipoid spectrum of lipoproteids. Balanced fractions of phospholipoids as well as free cholesterol are the main structural components in lipoproteid membranes and they didn't change in any of the studied somatotypes as a response to meals. This proves the stability of membrane structure of lipoproteid complexes as a response to the given physiological stimulus.