Abstract. Horizontal levels are references entities, the base of man-made environments. Their creation is the first step for various applications including the BIM (Building Information Modelling). BIM is an emerging methodology, widely used for new constructions, and increasingly applied to existing buildings (scan-to-BIM). The as-built BIM process is still mainly manual or semi-automatic and therefore is highly time-consuming. The automation of the as-built BIM is a challenging topic among the research community. This study is part of an ongoing research into the scan-to-BIM process regarding the extraction of the principal structure of a building. More specifically, here we present a strategy to automatically detect the building levels from a large point cloud obtained with a terrestrial laser scanner survey. The identification of the horizontal planes is the first indispensable step to produce an as-built BIM model. Our algorithm, developed in C++, is based on plane extraction by means of the RANSAC algorithm followed by the minimization of the quadrate sum of points-plane distance. Moreover, this paper will take an in-depth look at the influence of data resolution in the accuracy of plane extraction and at the necessary accuracy for the construction of a BIM model. A laser scanner survey of a three floors building composed by 36 scan stations has produced a point cloud of about 550 million points. The estimated plane parameters at different data resolution are analysed in terms of distance from the full points cloud resolution.


Objective. To evaluate survival estimates and clinico‐pathological variables in women with primary vulvar squamous cancer. Design. Retrospective observational study. Setting. University hospital in Turkey. Population or sample. Patients treated for primary vulvar squamous cancer. Methods. Retrospective evaluation of demographic, pathologic and follow‐up data of 91 patients obtained from hospital records and private gynecologic oncology files. Main outcome measures. Recurrence rate and survival estimates. Results. The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 62 years. Of the women, 62% had early stage disease (stages I–II), while 39% had advanced stages (stages III–IV) at diagnosis. The overall recurrence rate was 13%. Recurrence rates were significantly higher in the presence of local wide‐deep excision as an initial treatment, larger initial tumor size, positive lymph node involvement, advanced stage, presence of ulcerative lesions and adjuvant radiotherapy. The overall and 5‐year survival estimates were 92 and 83%, respectively. Conclusion. Lymph node invasion, stage, having ulcerative lesion, receiving adjuvant therapy, tumor diameter larger than 10 mm and having local excision as primary surgery may increase the risk of recurrent disease.


In Cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems (C-ITSs), vehicles need to wirelessly connect with Roadside units (RSUs) over limited durations when such point-to-point connections are possible. One example of such communications is the downloading of maps to the C-ITS vehicles. Another example occurs in the testing of C-ITS vehicles, where the tested vehicles upload trajectory records to the roadside units. Because of real-time requirements, and limited bandwidths, data are sent as User Datagram Protocol (UDP) packets. We propose an inter-packet error control coding scheme that improves the recovery of data when some of these packets are lost; we argue that the coding scheme has to be one of convolutional coding. We measure performance through the session averaged probability of successfully delivering groups of packets. We analyze two classes of convolution codes and propose a low-complexity decoding procedure suitable for network applications. We conclude that Reed–Solomon convolutional codes perform better than Wyner–Ash codes at the cost of higher complexity. We show this by simulation on the memoryless binary erasure channel (BEC) and channels with memory, and through simulations of the IEEE 802.11p DSRC/ITS-G5 network at the C-ITS test track AstaZero.


The appropriate role of merger efficiencies remains unresolved in US antitrust law and policy. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) has led to a significant shift in health care delivery. The ACA promises that increased integration and a shift from quantity of performance through increased competition will create a system in which quality will go up and prices will go down. Increasingly, due to the economic trends that respond to the ACA, including considerable consolidation both horizontally and vertically, it is imperative that the antitrust agencies provide an economically sound and administrable legal approach to efficiency enhancing mergers. In this regard, horizontal hospital mergers present particularly challenges for antitrust. Most hospital merger cases focus on cost based efficiencies, as does most of the academic empirical literature. Yet, government policy seems out of synch with quality analysis. This essay proceeds as follows. First, it provides a discussion of the welfare effects on quality and its implications for antitrust analysis. In the next part, the article explores quality analysis both in the 2010 Horizontal Merger Guidelines and in antitrust case law. In doing so, the essay identifies areas both of clarity and ambiguity regarding quality enhancing efficiencies policy. In the subsequent part, the essay draws parallels to an efficiency analysis of quality under rule of reason analysis, in which the essay offers examples of resale price maintenance and tying of franchising contracts. Thereafter, in the next part, the essay addresses how agencies and courts should treat quality efficiencies in mergers. In doing so, the essay draws upon the existing academic literature in empirical industrial organization economics and public health on measurements of what is hospital quality in a consolidating healthcare marketplace. In its concluding section, the essay advocates a more robust use of quality measurements as a guiding principle of merger law and policy that is flexible enough for case by case analysis and that will provide for ease of adminstrability and outcomes more in line with sound economic analysis than the current system.


This thesis applies so-called Bayesian model averaging (BMA) to three different economic questions substantially exposed to model uncertainty. Chapter 2 addresses a major issue of modern development economics: the analysis of the determinants of pro-poor growth (PPG), which seeks to combine high growth rates with poverty reduction. Vietnam is an interesting example for such an analysis because this country is a showcase for effective policies of PPG. However, it is not clear which factors have contributed to which extent to Vietnam's PPG. Chapter 3 analyzes whether foreign direct investment (FDI) has been beneficial for productivity growth in Latin America (LA). FDI has surged in LA since the mid 1990s. BMA allows accounting for the major shifts in the regional composition of these inflows, for the varying types of and motives for FDI, and for differing local conditions within LA. Finally, Chapter 4 goes a step further and investigates not only the robustness of different types of growth determinants. It also introduces Weighted-Average Least Squares (WALS) as a new model averaging technique, which is theoretically and practically superior to BMA. By comparing the estimation results of WALS and BMA and conducting various robustness checks, we analyze the importance of various 'fundamental' growth determinants such as geography, institutions, fractionalization and culture or religion.


INTRODUCTION/AIMS
Delandistrogene moxeparvovec is indicated in the United States for the treatment of ambulatory pediatric patients aged 4 through 5 years with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) with a confirmed mutation in the DMD gene. Long-term delandistrogene moxeparvovec microdystrophin protein (a shortened dystrophin that retains key functional domains of the wild-type protein) expression may positively alter disease progression in patients with DMD. We evaluated long-term safety and functional outcomes of delandistrogene moxeparvovec in patients with DMD.

METHODS
An open-label, phase 1/2a, nonrandomized controlled trial (Study 101; NCT03375164) enrolled ambulatory males, ≥4 to <8 years old, with DMD. Patients received a single intravenous infusion (2.0 × 1014 vg/kg by supercoiled quantitative polymerase chain reaction) of delandistrogene moxeparvovec and prednisone (1 mg/kg/day) 1 day before to 30 days after treatment. The primary endpoint was safety. Functional outcomes were change from baseline in North Star Ambulatory Assessment (NSAA) and timed function tests.

RESULTS
Four patients (mean age, 5.1 years) were enrolled. There were 18 treatment-related adverse events; all occurred within 70 days posttreatment and resolved. Mean NSAA total score increased from 20.5 to 27.5, baseline to year 4, with a mean (standard deviation) change of +7.0 (2.9). Post hoc analysis demonstrated a statistically significant and clinically meaningful 9-point difference in NSAA score, relative to a propensity-score-weighted external control cohort (least-squares mean [standard error] = 9.4 [3.4]; P = .0125).

DISCUSSION
Gene transfer therapy with delandistrogene moxeparvovec treatment is well tolerated, with a favorable safety profile. Functional improvements are sustained through 4 years, suggesting delandistrogene moxeparvovec may positively alter disease progression.


Voters and Voting in Context investigates the role of context in affecting political opinion formation and voting behaviour. Building on a model of contextual effects on individual-level voter behaviour, the chapters of this volume explore contextual effects in Germany in the early twenty-first century. The volume draws upon manifold combinations of individual and contextual information gathered in the German Longitudinal Election Study (GLES) framework and employ advanced methods. In substantive terms, it investigates the impact of campaign communication on political learning, effects of media coverage on the perceived importance of political problems, and the role of electoral competition on candidate strategies and perceptions. It also examines the role of social and economic contexts as well as parties' policy stances in affecting electoral turnout. The volume explores the impact of social cues on candidate voting, effects of electoral arenas on vote functions, the role of media coverage on ideological voting, and effects of campaign communication on the timing of electoral decision-making. Voters and Voting in Context demonstrates the key role of the processes of communication and politicization in bringing about contextual effects. Context thus plays a nuanced role in voting behaviour. The contingency of contextual effects suggests that they will become an important topic in research on political behaviour and democratic politics.


Fetuses with tumors associated with hydrops have a high mortality rate. Relatively few survivors have this potentially fatal combination. This study examined the clinical and pathological findings, pathogenesis, and outcomes of fetuses with tumors and hydrops. One hundred and fifty-eight study cases were collected from the literature and from personal files. Only patients where adequate clinical and pathological data were given and the outcome of pregnancy was described were included in the study. Cardiac tumors were the majority found in association with fetal hydrops. Leukemia and extracardiac teratomas were next in frequency followed by hepatic tumors, neuroblastoma, placental, soft tissue, and renal tumors. The main presenting findings along with hydrops were hydramnios, a tumor mass, placentomegaly, and stillbirth. Most tumors were detected in the third trimester of pregnancy. No fetus with the diagnosis of cardiac rhabdomyoma, neuroblastoma, brain tumor, rhabdoid tumor, or histiocytosis associated with hydrops survived. Those patients with placental chorangioma, pericardial teratoma, and hepatic hemangioma had the best outcome. The overall survival rate was low: 30 of 158 (19%).


The aim of this work is to understand the early stages in the growth mechanism of invar (Fe64Ni34) alloys and also to study the influence of potential on the evolution of their crystalline structures. Fe64Ni34 layers were deposited onto copper substrates under optimal conditions using the electrochemical method of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA). The influence of the potential is examined and the nucleation kinetics is discussed. In this purpose, the obtained experimental data was interpreted by applying useful theoretical methods developed by Scharifker and Hills. X-ray diffraction experiments were performed on all samples in order to follow the structural evolution of Fe64Ni34 layers as a function of the potential.


The identification of a special kind of acoustic events such as dual gunshots and single gunshots in the traffic background is described in this work. The recognition of dangerous sounds may help to prevent the abnormal or criminal activities that happened near to the public transport stations. Therefore in this paper the methodology of dual shots detection in a noisy background was developed and evaluated. For this purpose, we investigated various feature extraction methods and combinations of different feature sets. These approaches were evaluated by the widely used classification technique based on the Hidden Markov Models.


This paper gives an overview of physiological stress responses and shows methods for measuring such responses in field studies. It discusses the available techniques for assessing endocrinological and immune functions, cardiovascular functions, physical activity, electrodermal activity, muscle activity, respiration, and, the size of the eye pupil. Furthermore, methods for collecting psychological data are depicted. As examples for psychophysiological stress research under natural conditions, a showmaster's heart rate responses during a TV show are reported, as well as psychophysiological effects of work demands in air traffic controllers and in simultaneous interpreting. The latter example shows that mental overload in simultaneous interpreting may change the attitude to the job: It is taken less seriously and a certain carelessness sets in. This might be an effective self-defense mechanism against mental overload caused by situations such as increased time on task, extremely fast speakers, unintelligible speakers, and long working hours. It seems to occur rather automatically, without being noticed by the performing interpreter. Especially with increased time on task, interpreters' own judgement of output quality, whether they are novices or experts, seems to become extremely unreliable.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of using reciprocal teaching strategy on reading comprehension and on students' attitude toward reading for seventh grade students in Kuwait. The research sample consisted of 40 students distributed in two groups. The experimental group 20 was taught using reciprocal teaching strategy, while the control group 20 was taught using traditional methods. Two instruments were designed: a test to measure students reading comprehension and the other to measure the attitude toward reading. The results showed that there are significant statistical differences in test scores between the experimental group and the control group in favor ofthe experimental group. However, there were no significant statistical differences in students' attitudes between the two groups. The study recommends that teachers in schools use reciprocal teaching strategy in teaching reading in order to develop students' reading comprehension.


In 2007, 'parity' led to a 50% increase in the proportion of women in the French parliament, without a change of governing party. Comparing the parliaments before and after 2007 allows us to determine whether and how the influx of women affected parliamentary representation. This paper explores the ways in which various aspects of parliamentary work might reveal gendered issue preferences, supplementing the data analysis with insights from interviews. Four kinds of parliamentary work are analyzed: written questions, oral questions, and private members' bills, all of which reveal individual deputies' issue preferences in slightly different ways; and the high-profile questions to the government, which are televised and carefully managed by parties. Two core hypotheses are tested. First, it is expected that we will see "convergence" in men's and women's issue preferences as parliament feminizes, because women will no longer be ghettoized within certain policy areas, while men will become more exposed to areas of interest to women. Second, I hypothesize that different gender patterns might emerge in the questions to the government – which might reflect the "assumed" gender preferences of parties – to the other kinds of work, which might reflect the "true" interests of deputies. For most policies, gender differences are more likely to manifest themselves through perspectives rather than issue preferences, and may be secondary to partisan differences, but for those policies most directly affecting women, sex remains the most important explanatory variable. While 'parity' may have encouraged parties to exaggerate gender differences in some policy areas, women do appear to be the strongest advocates of women's interests.


: The article presents a basic strategic framework for research on the authorship of their own lives in people with disabilities (AOL-PwD). This issue corresponds to the humanistic approach to the exploration of the phenomenon of disability, which stresses subjectivity, agency, well-being, independence, and satisfaction with fulfilling age-appropriate tasks. Previous analyses resulted in the theoretical construct and the definition of the AOL-PwD. This article aims to present a research strategy framework for the construct. The following strategic assumptions are considered: (1) universalism, (2) affirmation, (3) interdisciplinarity, (4) comprehensiveness, (5) adaptation, (6) subjectivism, (7) objectivism, (8) participation, (9) individualism, (10) pragmatism, (11) contextuality, and (12) systemness. We think that the AOL-PwD concept creates an inspiring theoretical and empirical space and fosters valuable dialogue across various fields and between rehabilitation theory and practice. The ultimate goal will be to develop an assessment and rehabilitation model of the AOL-PwD concept. Following its recommendations will make it possible to provide people with individual support determined by their subjectivity, independence, and developmental satisfaction. That model will be made based on the identified personal resources and multidimensional determinants of the social environment.


With latest development of telecommunication technologies and end user's increased bandwidth and mobility demand reachability of information and communication technologies (ICT) became more critical. In this paper, we approach to end user behaviors and the reachability to ICT by tackling digital divide concept along with clustering analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this research is a unique case study that attempts to analyze digital divide at intra-city level by neighborhoods. While governments and institutions, such as ITU, are in question of whether the global divide is widening or narrowing, there are no studies, neither in the literature nor in practice to understand the gap between ICT users in a city. With this goal, Istanbul habitants were asked to fill a questionnaire, in order to be classified in terms of their technology reachability and reasons of using ICT. Then, clustering analysis was performed to questionnaire results. Respondents have been clustered into sub groups from digital divide perspective. The required steps and suitable clustering techniques during this process are discussed with determination of questions at the end which are commonly answered by respondents with different ICT knowledge, which may lead us determine precise reasons of digital gap later on.


SUMMARY Prime lamb live weight response to lime application on pasture was measured in a grazing experiment in the high rainfall zone of the southwestern slopes of New South Wales, Australia. The pastures were limed every 6 years over 15 years. First cross South African Meat Merino lambs were used as test animals. Pre- and post-grazing pasture dry matter (DM) yield, botanical composition, feed quality and lamb live weight were monitored over 12 weeks in 2007. Results showed that liming significantly increased pasture DM yield of high quality species and improved overall pasture quality due to increased digestibility and metabolic energy content. As a result, the limed perennial and annual pastures carried 24.0% (3.6 lambs ha−1) and 29.0% (4.4 lambs ha−1) more stock than the unlimed perennial and annual pastures, respectively. Averaged across pasture types, the limed pastures produced 30.6% (131 kg ha−1) more lamb live weight gain than the unlimed pastures over 12 weeks. The live weight gain varied between grazing cycles depending on the availability of feed-on-offer and feed quality, which were closely related to the rainfall pattern. The perennial pastures did not show any advantage in animal production over annual pastures during the experimental period due to lack of moisture in the deep soil profile because of severe drought in the previous year. More seasons with normal or above average rainfall are needed to compare animal production on perennial pastures and annual pastures to investigate the advantage of perennial pastures in animal production.


Objective: To define benchmark cutoffs for redo liver transplantation (redo-LT). Background: In the era of organ shortage, redo-LT is frequently discussed in terms of expected poor outcome and wasteful resources. However, there is a lack of benchmark data to reliably evaluate outcomes after redo-LT. Methods: We collected data on redo-LT between January 2010 and December 2018 from 22 high-volume transplant centers. Benchmark cases were defined as recipients with model of end stage liver disease (MELD) score ≤25, absence of portal vein thrombosis, no mechanical ventilation at the time of surgery, receiving a graft from a donor after brain death. Also, high-urgent priority and early redo-LT including those for primary nonfunction (PNF) or hepatic artery thrombosis were excluded. Benchmark cutoffs were derived from the 75th percentile of the medians of all benchmark centers. Results: Of 1110 redo-LT, 373 (34%) cases qualified as benchmark cases. Among these cases, the rate of postoperative complications until discharge was 76%, and increased up to 87% at 1-year, respectively. One-year overall survival rate was excellent with 90%. Benchmark cutoffs included Comprehensive Complication Index CCI® at 1-year of ≤72, and in-hospital and 1-year mortality rates of ≤13% and ≤15%, respectively. In contrast, patients who received a redo-LT for PNF showed worse outcomes with some values dramatically outside the redo-LT benchmarks. Conclusion: This study shows that redo-LT achieves good outcome when looking at benchmark scenarios. However, this figure changes in high-risk redo-LT, as for example in PNF. This analysis objectifies for the first-time results and efforts for redo-LT and can serve as a basis for discussion about the use of scarce resources.


The capability of avoid obstacles is the one of the key issues in autonomous search-and-rescue robots research area. In this study, the avoiding obstacles capability has been provided to the virtula robots in USARSim environment. The aim is finding the minimum movement when robot faces an obstacle in path. For obstacle avoidance we used an real time path planning method which is called Vector Field Histogram (VFH). After experiments we observed that VFH method is successful method for obstacle avoidance. Moreover, the usage of VFH method is highly incresing the amount of the visited places per unit time.


In many online news services, users often write comments towards news in subjective emotions such as sadness, happiness or anger. Knowing such emotions can help understand the preferences and perspectives of individual users, and therefore may facilitate online publishers to provide more relevant services to users. Although building emotion classifiers is a practical task, it highly depends on sufficient training data that is not easy to be collected directly and the manually labeling work of comments can be quite labor intensive. Also, online news has different domains, which makes the problem even harder as different word distributions of the domains require different classifiers with corresponding distinct training data. This paper addresses the task of emotion tagging for comments of cross-domain online news. The cross-domain task is formulated as a transfer learning problem which utilizes a small amount of labeled data from a target news domain and abundant labeled data from a different source domain. This paper proposes a novel framework to transfer knowledge across different news domains. More specifically, different approaches have been proposed when the two domains share the same set of emotion categories or use different categories. An extensive set of experimental results on four datasets from popular online news services demonstrates the effectiveness of our proposed models in cross-domain emotion tagging for comments of online news in both the scenarios of sharing the same emotion categories or having different categories in the source and target domains.


Objective. Mannose binding lectin (MBL) and FccRII (CD32) polymorphisms have both been implicated as candidate susceptibility genes in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of these polymorphisms with SLE. Methods. We studied a cohort of 125 SLE patients from Barcelona, Spain and 138 geographically matched controls. Sequence-specific primer–polymerase chain reaction (SSP–PCR) amplification was used to determine CD32 and MBL structural polymorphisms. MBL haplotypes were established using sequence-specific oligonucleotide probing techniques. Results. Patients carried the MBL codon 54 mutant allele more frequently than controls wodds ratio (OR) 2.2; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2–4.0; P= 0.007x and the haplotype HY W52 W54 W57 was found to be significantly lower in cases compared with controls (OR 0.6; 95% CI 0.4–0.9; P= 0.016). Conclusion. The MBL gene codon 54 mutant allele appears to be a risk factor for SLE, whilst haplotypes encoding for high levels of MBL are protective against the disease. Differences between controls and patients were not significant when considering the FccRIIa polymorphisms; similar results were observed for renal affectation.


In the proposed study, Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform (DTCWT) based statistical features that are derived from normal sperm, abnormal sperm and non-sperm patches are fed to Support Vector Machine classifier with the aim of three class discrimination. The obtained results are compared with the classical dyadic discrete wavelet transform and the superiority of the proposed method has been shown in terms of accuracy and F-measure metrics. The results show that higher accuracy and F-measure scores have been obtained with the proposed approach due to the shift invariance and better direction selectivity property of the DTCWT.


Culture plays an integral role in people's food choices and lifestyle decisions. Health care messages may conflict with cultural beliefs for many immigrant, minority, and low-income populations. The multiple ways that culture can positively and negatively affect disease risk must be used in the development of culturally tailored messages or interventions. Only through the creation of interventions that are meaningful and culturally relevant can successful behavior stability or change occur. The recognition of current health-promoting factors is important to develop rapport and credibility with individuals and population groups to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and other lifestyle-based chronic diseases for optimal health.


INTRODUCTION
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a serious medical condition that affects 16-82% of prostate cancer patients treated by radical prostatectomy and current treatments are ineffective in 50-60% of prostatectomy patients. The reduced efficacy of treatments makes novel therapeutic approaches to treat ED essential. The secreted protein Sonic hedgehog (SHH) is a critical regulator of penile smooth muscle and apoptosis that is decreased in cavernous nerve (CN) injury and diabetic ED models. Past studies using Affi-Gel beads have shown SHH protein to be effective in suppressing apoptosis caused by CN injury.

AIM
We hypothesize that SHH protein delivered via novel peptide amphiphile (PA) nanofibers will be effective in suppressing CN injury-induced apoptosis.

METHODS
Adult Sprague Dawley rats (n=50) were used to optimize PA injection in vivo. PA with SHH protein (n=16) or bovine serum albumin (BSA) (control, n=14) was injected into adult rats that underwent bilateral CN cut. Rats were sacrificed at 2, 4, and 7 days. Alexa Fluor-labeled SHH protein was used to determine the target of SHH signaling (n=3).

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and semiquantitative immunohistochemical analysis for SHH protein and cluster differentiation protein three (CD3) were performed.

RESULTS
SHH-PA caused a 25% and 16% reduction in apoptosis at 4 and 7 days after CN injury and a 9.3% and 19% increase in SHH protein at 4 and 7 days after CN injury. CD3 protein was not observed in SHH-PA-treated penis. In vitro, 73% of SHH protein diffused from PA within 6 days. Labeled SHH was observed in smooth muscle.

CONCLUSIONS
PA technology is effective in delivering SHH protein to the penis and SHH is effective in suppressing CN injury-induced apoptosis. These results suggest substantial translational potential of this methodology and show that only a short duration of SHH treatment is required to impact the apoptotic index.


Rationale Monitoring clinical disease status in cystic fibrosis frequently requires invasive collection of clinical samples. Due to its noninvasive collection process and direct anatomic relationship with the lower airway, saliva shows great potential as a biological fluid for cystic fibrosis monitoring. Objectives To measure the levels of multiple protein markers in human saliva supernatants and investigate the possibility of utilizing them to provide a more quantitative measure of disease state for use in research and monitoring of patients with cystic fibrosis clinically. Methods Whole saliva samples were collected and processed from cystic fibrosis patients at two distinct time points (2010 and 2013) and measured by two separate platforms. In this cross sectional study, a convenience sample of 71 participants were recruited with samples measured by multiplexed fluorescence microarray (fiber microarray) and another 117 participant samples were measured by an automated, point-of-care, analyzer (SDReader) using a microsphere-based array via fluorescence sandwich immunoassay. For comparison, saliva from 56 and 50 healthy subjects were collected, respectively. The levels of six target proteins were quantified. Various demographic and clinical data, including spirometry, medical history, and clinicians' assessments were also collected from patients with cystic fibrosis on the day of saliva collection. Measurements and Main Results Similar trends were observed with both platforms and compared with healthy subjects, cystic fibrosis patients had significantly elevated levels of VEGF, IP-10, IL-8, and EGF as well as lower levels of MMP-9 (P ≤ 0.005) using fiber microarray and significantly elevated levels of IP-10, IL-8 with lower levels of MMP-9 and IL-1β (P ≤ 0.02) using the SDReader. The levels of the six proteins correlated with each other significantly, and in some cases, biomarker levels could be used to differentiate between subgroups of patients with different clinical presentations. For example, IP-10 levels significantly correlated with FEV1 and disease severity (as evaluated by clinicians) with both platforms (P < 0.05). Conclusions Significant variations of the levels of six proteins in saliva supernatants, and the correlations of these levels with clinical assessments, demonstrated the potential of saliva for cystic fibrosis research and monitoring.


Policies such as Biomass Crop Assistance Program (BCAP) which aim to assist farmers with biomass production may act as a double-edged sword. On one hand, they lure farmers to adopt biomass production in the short term. On the other hand, they can't be irresponsible for farmers' abandonment of biomass production in the long run. The paper sharpens this idea in a principal-agent setting and argues that by offering a timely loyalty premium the agents' take-and-run behavior can be mitigated. Moreover, the model shows that effort and investment in human capital are increasing in loyalty premium when agents decide to continue providing biomass after testing-water contract expires.


This study aimed to build an accessible online course about breast cancer, focusing on early detection. It is a methodological development study based on the construction of the Health Breast Online Course, accessible for blind women. Content assessment with three health professionals was carried out, in a public university of Ceara, in September 2012. Three blind people educators evaluated pedagogical aspects at a specialized school in Fortaleza, Ceara, in October 2012. The content was modified according to the experts' suggestions to simple language, logical sequence and emphasis on breast self-exam. After three stages of evaluation, it was considered fully adequate. Appearance was evaluated as fully adequate, able to arouse interest and to promote inclusive education. Stages of content and pedagogical aspects assessment have been addressed satisfactorily. There are new steps that must be performed for the validation. This study expands horizons for researches in this subject and generates reflection on accessible online health education.


The conical surface sealing performance of a pipe connection fit (PCF) has been studied by means of an equivalent mechanical model and the contact finite element analysis (FEA). By building an equivalent mechanical model, we studied the basic mechanical relations between the jointing parts, proposed a sealing mechanism, and identified a basic pretension-relaxation-leakage mode occurring in the sealing process of a conical surface PCF. Then we simulated the contact states of the PCF sealing surface using a multi-body elastic contact finite element method (FEM). In addition, the characteristics of the pretension-relaxation-leakage mode were further discussed in terms of the contact forces as well as the contact areas on the sealing surface. These results revealed some fundamental characteristics inherent in the sealing process of conical surface of PCFs, and demonstrated the potentials of the contact FEA in studying PCF sealing performance.


Bhuvan Unhelkar takes you on an all-encompassing voyage of environmental sustainability and Green IT. Sharing invaluable insights gained during two battle-tested decades in the information and communication technologies industry, he provides a comprehensive examination of the wide-ranging aspects of Green ITfrom switching-off monitors, virtualizing data centers, and optimizing processes to bringing attitude change through training and the use of green metrics for reporting. Combining extensive research, literature review experimentation, and decades of practical consulting experience, Green IT Strategies and Applications: Using Environmental Intelligence is your complete reference for undertaking a successful Green IT transformation. The environmentally responsible business strategies described in this book include motivators and drivers, transformation phases, management of risks, measuring and reporting of carbon, compliance with the ISO14000 family of standards, and the crucial nexus between Lean and greenresulting in what can be called Environmental Intelligence. This environmentally conscious IT reference delves beyond the corporate responsibilities of organizations in a market-driven economy to demonstrate the importance of carbon management as an integral part of good business management. Increasing profits, reducing costs, applying innovations in business, adhering to government standards, process management, and the socio-cultural aspects of business are all masterfully intertwined with Green IT issues. This book is equipped with case studies from different industrial sectors, including hospital (service), packaging (product), and telecom (infrastructure). It provides a complete suite of strategies, applications, tools, and techniques that will enable you to establish company-wide environmental strategies, a green value system, and the forward thinking required to properly position your organization for the low-carbon economy on the horizon.


INTRODUCTION
The standard control parameters of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) currently used in Tunisia are replaced in Western countries by the concept of "goal-directed-perfusion" requiring oxygen delivery (DO2) minimum at 270ml / min / m2.

AIM
In this study, we explored the association between the DO2 and the postoperative morbidity and mortality.

METHODS
This is a cross-sectional and retrospective observational study including a series of 50 patients operated on for myocardial revascularization under CPB.

RESULTS
We noticed a significant correlation between starting DO2i and Creatinine clearance at day 0, Δcreate (day 1-day 0) and ventilation time. There was also a significant correlation between discharge DO2i and daytime urine output, ventilation time, hospital stay and in-hospital mortality. Through a univariable study, we compared the classic parameters of perfusion monitoring during CPB in addition to the starting DO2i with the different postoperative results. It was noted that the starting DO2i figures below the threshold of 270ml / min / m² were significantly correlated with the duration of administration of catecholamines postoperatively, with prolonged ventilation, with the variation in serum creatinine postoperatively and with in-hospital mortality.

CONCLUSION
DO2 is a monitoring tool that has proven its advantages for monitoring under CPB.


Job insecurity is a work stressor that has detrimental effects on work related attitudes, well-being and health. Job insecurity has mainly been investigated as an individual level phenomenon. Consequentially, the focus of past research is only on personal determinants and consequences of the employee's perception, and social/organizational factors have not been taken into account to any large extent. However, drawing on sense making theory, it can be argued that job insecurity is a social phenomenon as well. Conceptualized as job insecurity climate, job insecurity could be considered a product of the reciprocal relationship between behavior, cognitive and other personal factors, and the social environment.The aim of this study is to examine job insecurity from a multilevel perspective and explore to what extent the variance in job insecurity perceptions is dependent on the individual, and how important the work group as a social context in shaping job insecurity perceptions. We also aim to investigate the effects of job insecurity, both climate and individual job insecurity, on job satisfaction, productivity, burnout, and subjective health. By including both individual level job insecurity and job insecurity climate perceptions in the analysis, a deeper understanding is gained of the relation between job insecurity and negative outcomes, and thus contributes to extending our knowledge about job insecurity as a work life stressor.Results from a pilot study of a Swedish sample using multilevel modeling showed that the work group accounts for about 5% of the variance in job insecurity climate perceptions and 2.6% of individual job insecurity perceptions. This indicates that the social context has some impact on perceptions of job insecurity. However, since the respondents in this sample perceived a very low sense of job insecurity, these results had to be replicated with another sample. Data from a second sample (N=126) were recently collected, and preliminary results show that belonging to a group accounted for 20% of the variance in job insecurity climate perceptions and 0% of the variance in perceptions of job insecurity. These results could have implications for future studies on climate, indicating that perceptions of one's own job insecurity do not necessarily match one's perceptions of the job insecurity climate.


In this paper, we present the development of Tangible Handimation, a sequencer-inspired animation system for recording and playback of whole or individual parts of animations through direct manipulation and tangible interfaces. The development of the system from a keyboard and mouse set-up, Handimation, is described including a workshop with professionals. Users reported the system as enabling real-time performances and making the animation process more democratic, and based upon their input support for imminent feed-forward information was added to the design.


3-Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (EC 18.104.22.168) and malate dehydrogenase (EC 184.108.40.206) were purified to homogeneity on a large scale involving only two sequential affinity-chromatography steps on two triazine dye-Sepharose matrices. Recoveries of both enzymes were in excess of 60%. Malate dehydrogenase could also be purified by a combination of triazine dye affinity chromatography and gel filtration on Ultrogel AcA-44, but this offered no significant advantage over the purely affinity procedure.


It has been demonstrated that perturbation of oxidative balance plays an important role in numerous pathological states as well as in physiological modifications leading to aging. In order to evaluate the role of the oxidative state in cells, biochemical and ultrastructural studies were carried out on K562 and HL-60 cell cultures. Particular attention was given to the transferrin receptor, which plays an important role in cellular iron metabolism. In order to evaluate if oxidative stress influences the transferrin receptor regulation process, the free-radical inducer menadione was used. The results obtained seem to indicate that oxidative stress is capable of inducing a rapid and specific down-modulation of the membrane transferrin receptor due to a block of receptor recycling on the cell surface, without affecting ligand-binding affinity. These effects were observed in the early stages of menadione treatment and before any typical signs of subcellular damage, including surface blebbing, a well-known cytopathological marker of menadione-induced injury. The mechanisms underlying such phenomena appear to be related to cytoskeletal protein thiol group oxidation as well as to the perturbation of calcium homeostasis, both induced by menadione. It is thus hypothesized that the data reported here represent a specific example of a general mechanism by which cell surface receptor expression and recycling can be influenced by oxidative balance.


AIM
This paper reports a study whose aims were to introduce the theory of gerotranscendence to a group of older people; to give participants in the group an opportunity to discuss their ageing process; to study how participants described their ageing in relation to the theory; and to gather participants' opinions about discussing their ageing in a group.

BACKGROUND
The theory of gerotranscendence states that human development is a process extending into old age. Guidelines had previously been derived for its practical use in the care of older people, aiming to promote their development towards gerotranscendence.

METHODS
A qualitative descriptive approach was taken, and older people were invited to participate in group sessions at a day centre. At the sessions, participants discussed their ageing, and a video presentation about the theory of gerotranscendence was shown at one of the sessions. They were encouraged to discuss the description of the ageing process presented in the video and to link this to their own experiences of growing old. The discussion in each session was tape-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed and categorized using qualitative methods. The data were collected in 2002.

FINDINGS
All women had an experience of ageing that was in some way in line with the theory's description, and they more or less agreed that this description of ageing was in accordance with their own ageing. They considered that it was interesting and fruitful to discuss ageing in a group. They felt that introduction of the view of ageing offered by the theory of gerotranscendence was beneficial because it gave them a more positive view of ageing which also allowed them to be as they were.

CONCLUSION
It is possible to arrange this type of group activity for older people, resulting in possibilities to use aspects of the theory of gerotranscendence as an intervention in gerontological nursing.


Efficient spectrum utilization can be achieved in several ways, one of which is a better spectrum access. In this paper we propose a subband adaptive filtering method for effective spectrum access and dynamic spectrum sharing in cognitive radios (CR). Based on an interleaved spread spectrum orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (ISS-OFDM) multiple subband transmission signal and subband adaptive filtering technique, some interfered subbands of the transmission signal are filtered and dropped off. The other subbands without interference or with interference less than a predetermined threshold are used for information transmission. The flexibility of the adaptively selecting transmission subbands provides users with the ability to fill in spectrum holes with appropriate number of subbands. Consequently, the spectrum utilization efficiency is improved. We simulate the system bit error rate (BER) performances and demonstrate the improvement on spectrum utilization efficiency by using this subband adaptive filtering method, when different numbers of subbands are used for information transmission.


CLOSE RELATIONSHIPS AMONG YOUNG ADULT SURVIVORS OF CHILDHOOD CANCER: A QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSISAmanda L. Thompson, Ph.D.University of Pittsburgh, 2007The growing body of research focusing on the long-term sequelae of diagnosis and treatment for childhood cancer suggests that while the majority of survivors are not at increased risk for psychopathology, many experience persistent problems in other domains that greatly affect quality of life (QoL). Social well-being, a construct that includes the development and maintenance of interpersonal relationships and issues of affection and sexuality, has been somewhat neglected in the late-effects literature. As such, a multi-method, developmentally sensitive study was conducted 1) to assess whether childhood cancer survivors experience difficulties in their close relationships during young adulthood, 2) to characterize the nature of these difficulties, 3) to identify who may be at risk for long-term social sequelae, and 4) to document survivors' own perceptions of their interpersonal relationships. Sixty young adult (18-25years old) survivors of childhood cancer and 60 controls without a history of chronic illness completed an online assessment of their friendship and romantic relationships. In addition, a subsample of 18 female survivors participated in a follow-up qualitative interview. Quantitative analyses revealed that relative to controls, survivors were involved in fewer romantic relationships over the past five years and reported being significantly more distressed at the dissolution of those relationships. High trait anxiety, male gender, an older age of diagnosis, and higher treatment intensity emerged as significant risk factors for a host of relationship difficulties within the survivor sample, including lower relationship satisfaction, lower levels of reported intimacy, greater fear of intimacy, more conflict, and more distress at break-up. Finally, qualitative findings highlighted relationship issues not captured by the quantitative measures, including cautiousness with personal self-disclosure, self-consciousness as a result of treatment-related physical changes and medical sequelae, and concerns about fertility. In light of the inconsistencies between quantitative and qualitative findings, this study emphasizes the need for more sophisticated measures of survivors' social QoL. Limitations of the study (related to sampling and measurement) are discussed, and a number of future directions are suggested.


Pattern forming networks have diverse roles in cell biology. Rod-shaped fission yeast cells use pattern formation to control the localization of mitotic signaling proteins and the cytokinetic ring. During interphase, the kinase Cdr2 forms membrane-bound multiprotein complexes termed nodes, which are positioned in the cell middle due in part to the node inhibitor Pom1 enriched at cell tips. Node positioning is important for timely cell cycle progression and positioning of the cytokinetic ring. Here, we combined experimental and modeling approaches to investigate pattern formation by the Pom1-Cdr2 system. We found that Cdr2 nodes accumulate near the nucleus, and Cdr2 undergoes nucleocytoplasmic shuttling when cortical anchoring is reduced. We generated particle-based simulations based on tip inhibition, nuclear positioning, and cortical anchoring. We tested model predictions by investigating Pom1-Cdr2 localization patterns after perturbing each positioning mechanism, including in both anucleate and multinucleated cells. Experiments show that tip inhibition and cortical anchoring alone are sufficient for the assembly and positioning of nodes in the absence of the nucleus, but that the nucleus and Pom1 facilitate the formation of unexpected node patterns in multinucleated cells. These findings have implications for spatial control of cytokinesis by nodes and for spatial patterning in other biological systems.


A breeding-inspired computational method for solving optimization problems in agricultural systems - SIMBREED, a set of computer heuristics, was developed. It simulated and used animal breeding as a computational metaphor for finding solutions to combinatorial optimization problems such as the general diet formulation problem (DFP). The DFP was used as a representative problem to demonstrate that SIMBREED algorithms could efficiently solve complex optimization problems. Solutions to DFP were presented by mapping morphogenetic traits to DFP variables and satisfying the objective function via natural selection or selective breeding, with small chance of mutation. The DFP solution found by ADBASE, a deterministic algorithm was compared with those found by SIMBREED algorithms. The performance of two SIMBREED algorithms: simulated natural selection (EVOLVE) and simulated selective line breeding (BREED) were also compared. Results showed that SIMBREED can be used to solve complex combinatorial optimization problems such as the DFP better than a deterministic algorithm and that the simulated selective line breeding performs better than the simulated natural selection.


This paper analyses the welfare performance of a set of five alternative interest rate rules in an open economy stochastic dynamic general equilibrium model with nominal rigidities. A rule with a lagged interest rate term, high feedback on inflation and low feedback on output is found to yield the highest welfare for a small open economy. This result is robust across different degrees of openness, different sources of home and foreign shocks, alternative foreign monetary rules and different specifications for price setting behaviour. The same rule emerges as both the Nash and cooperative equilibria in a two-country version of the model.


As the global economy becomes more integrated, there is a growing tension between the nature of economic activity and the measurement system that attempts to keep up with it. Many policies are still determined by measuring economic activity at the national level. Since the typical unit of analysis is the economic area (the "island"), economic activity is measured within the island and in terms of transactions between islands. But, increasingly, companies and their ownership are global, with economic activity taking place in a geographically dispersed way. We analyse several important issues created by this tension, show how they manifest themselves in the data and draw lessons from them.


Recent developments in the area of software service systems brought a new level of scale, complexity and pervasiveness to cope with. This has, in turn, changed the business model of companies engaged in the software industry and the way they present their services. Healthcare systems, as an example, transform services from a traditional professionalcentric care model to model that is characterized as 'pervasive healthcare'. Pervasive healthcare applies extramural networked healthcare systems with sensors and devices at the patients' location, making the patient an active partner in the care process. These transformations of technologies and business models have brought a new breed of systems called Smart Service Networks (SSN). An SSN involves any number of devices, sensors and IT systems, and has diverse stakeholders, which together form a network in which resources are integrated and applied through interaction (Stroulia, 2010). An SSN is a context-aware system, it can adapt and provide specific services to the user according to the context information received from data collected with sensors. Therefore, SSN must be able to clearly understand the significance of the context information conveyed from its environment. The quality of the context model determines the extent to which the SSN can offer services that fit the actual context, which in turn determines the usefulness of the offered services to the user. The quality of the context model depends on the quality of the collected context data (accuracy, timeliness, etc.). Low(er) data quality means low(er) model quality, which can lead to (more) off-topic service offerings. Off-topic service offerings can be useless to the user, and may even have negative value to the user. SSN development projects operate in a multistakeholders context and potentially experience conflicts among functionality, risk and cost to meet the stakeholders' requirements. This research focuses on trading-off functionality, risk and cost within SSN development. By defining the possible trade-off scenarios in SSN delivery projects, this research will provide a rational analysis to justify SSN design decisions that lead to achieving software systems with adequate functionality, minimum risk and reasonable cost.


The effect of magnesium (Mg) deficiency on the prevalence of diabetes and diabetic complications has received a great attention. The present study investigated the association of Mg level in the serum or urine of the patients, lived in the Northeast areas of China, with either pre-diabetes or diabetes with and without complications. From January 2010 to October 2011, patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D, n = 25), type 2 diabetes (T2D, n = 137), impaired fasting glucose (IFG, n = 12) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT, n = 15), and age/gender matched control (n = 50) were enrolled in the First Hospital of Jilin University. In T2D group, there were 24, 34, and 50 patients with nephropathy, retinopathy or peripheral neuropathy. Serum Mg levels in the patients with IGT, IFG, T2D, and T1D were significantly lower than that of control. The urinary Mg levels were significantly increased only in T2D and T1D patients compared to control. There was no difference for these two changes among T2D with and without complications; In addition, there was a significantly positive correlation of serum Mg levels with serum Ca levels only in T2D patients, and also a significantly positive correlation of urinary Mg levels with urinary Ca levels in control, IGT patients, and T2D patients. Simvastatin treatment in T2D patients selectively reduced serum Ca levels and urinary Mg levels. These results suggest that the potential impact of Mg deficiency on metabolic syndrome, diabetes and diabetic complications needs to be received special attention.


A plasma density profile reconstruction procedure based on the Park matrix method has been developed for both circular and elongated plasma configuration on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST). This method incorporates the line integrated electron density measured by the HCN interferometer and polarimeter/interferometer (POINT) system, the equilibrium fit (EFIT) based on magnetic measurements and the edge electron density profile provided by the microwave reflectometer. It is shown that when the magnetic flux surfaces are slightly corrected, the fitting error is less than 5% in comparison with the measurement data.


BACKGROUND
Parkinson's disease has traditionally been considered as a pure motor condition; characterized by tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia and slow postural reflexes. The concomitant presence of neuropsychiatric symptoms, including dementia, has been increasingly recognized during the last decade.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
Literature on epidemiology, neuropathology and clinical characteristics of dementia in Parkinson's disease was retrieved from PubMed.

RESULTS AND INTERPRETATION
Dementia in Parkinson's disease is more common than previously assumed. According to cross-sectional studies, up to 30% of the Parkinson patients have dementia and almost all patients with Parkinson' disease develop dementia over time. Dementia is associated with higher mortality, an increased risk of institutionalisation and increased caregiver distress. Reduced visuospatial and executive functions, severe motor symptoms and high age are risk factors for development of dementia. REM sleeping disorders, psychotic symptoms and depression are frequent comorbid conditions. Dementia in Parkinson's disease correlates with increased Lewy body pathology and reduced levels of neurotransmitters (especially acetylcholine) in neocortical and limbic structures of the brain. Treatment with acetylcholine esterase inhibitors has been shown to have moderate symptomatic effect.


Background Cancer is a complex heterogeneous disease to which singular modes of treatment mostly fail to produce a desired therapeutic efficacy. Targeting different cellular pathways using combinational therapies has been gaining popularity in cancer treatment, with the added benefit of reducing dosage and side effects. Methods A gold nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery nanoplatform was developed for co-delivery of doxorubicin and polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) siRNA. Gold nanoparticles were coated with polyethyleneimine to facilitate assembly of PLK1 on the surface. Doxorubicin was loaded on nanoparticles through a pH-sensitive linker with a thiol group at one terminal end for controlled release. Results The therapeutic efficiency of this co-delivery system was evaluated in 2D and 3D cultured systems. The reduced IC50 value clearly demonstrated the synergistic effect of combined drug and gene delivery over their individual delivery in a cancer treatment model. Conclusion This study may provide an adaptable, facile platform to investigate drug-siRNA combinations for cancer inhibition.


We study the nonlinear multi-mode dynamics of a microbeam for noncontact atomic force microscopy in ultra-high vacuum. A boundary-value problem that includes a coupled linear thermo- and viscoelastic field with a localized nonlinear atomic interaction force, augmented by the linearized heat equation, is reduced to a modal dynamical system via Galerkin's method. An equivalent linear thermoelastic quality factor is obtained and compared with a closed form solution. A numerically obtained escape curve defines valid operating parameters for low damping conditions. Primary, secondary and coupled internal resonances of a three-mode system are examined to reveal a rich bifurcation structure.Copyright © 2005 by ASME


Does the current account improve or deteriorate following a monetary policy expansion? We examine this issue theoretically and empirically. We show that a standard open economy DSGE model predicts that the current account response to a monetary policy shock depends on the degree of economic regulation in different markets. In particular, financial (product market) liberalisation makes it more likely that the current account deteriorates (improves) following a monetary expansion. We test these theoretical predictions with a varying coefficient Bayesian panel VAR model, where the coefficients are allowed to vary as a function of the degree of financial, product and labour market regulation on data from 1976Q1-2006Q4 for 19 OECD countries. Our empirical results support the theory. We therefore conclude that following a monetary policy expansion, the current account is more likely to go into deficit (surplus) in countries with more liberalised financial (product) markets.


The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical features, type and severity of musculoskeletal injuries in paediatric age groups in comparison with adult victims of the Marmara earthquake, which occurred on 17 August 1999. Of 151 injured patients hospitalized due to musculoskeletal trauma, 31 (20.5%) were under 16 years of age. The most important problems in the patients were extremity trauma, crush syndrome, acute renal failure and other ensuing medical complications. Five (18.5%) out of 27 children with crush syndrome required haemodialysis because of acute renal failure and three (11.1%) required amputation. Haemodialysis was needed in 54 (93.1%) of 58 adult patients with crush syndrome; amputation was necessary in 12 (20.7%) of them. Although the types of injuries resulting from the earthquake were similar in adults and children, the orthopaedic consequences of these injuries showed significant differences, especially in the rates of crush syndrome leading to acute renal failure and amputation.


Detailed diagenetic and palaeomagnetic studies have been made of Permian and Triassic rocks from the Iberian Cordillera, Spain. Five stratigraphical units comprising the Autunian, Saxonian, Buntsandstein, Muschelkalk, and Keuper have been studied in a number of sections which have been well documented sedimentologically. Autuninan rocks have a characteristic remanence which is exclusively reversed and corresponds to the Kiaman Interval. The pole position identified is consistent with previous studies, which indicate the rotation of Iberia in post-Triassic times. The Saxonian facies show complex multicomponent magnetizations; no polarity zonation can be resolved. The Buntsandstein is remarkable in that much of it is remagnetised in a direction similar to the present-day local geomagnetic field direction. The secondary remanence is carried by fine-grained haematite which has been formed as a result of carbonate dissolution associated with structural inversion of the Iberian Cordillera. Dating of diagenetic events associated with this remagnetization is also possible. Fragments of primary remanence are preserved in some fine-grained lithologies of the Buntsandstein. These indicate that normal and reversed zones of magnetization were originally present. The magnetization of the Muschelkalk and Keuper carbonates is also complex; secondary components similar to those of the Buntsandstein are present but there is evidence that primary components were predominantly normal during Karnian times.


Whilst varying standards of care for patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) continue to contribute to poor outcomes, a strong focus on strategies to drive quality improvement is paramount. To this end, a national Patient Safety Alert was issued in June 2014 to all healthcare providers in England entitled 'Standardising the Early Identification of Acute Kidney Injury'. The aim was to embed an automated AKI detection system in the biochemistry laboratories of all acute hospitals. In addition to the direct clinical benefits that may come from earlier and more systematic recognition of AKI, it has also helped position AKI as a patient safety issue and will feed a national AKI registry, the latter a potent tool for future measurement and improvement initiatives.


: A total of 70 drinking water sources including piped water supply (n = 36), ground water sources (n = 24, hand pumps and bore wells) and natural water sources (n = 10, springs/step-wells) from various parts of district Kangra, Himachal Pradesh were investigated for their suitability for drinking purpose by presumptive coliform test. Three samples were collected from each source during different parts of the year. Piped water sources (91.7%) were most contaminated followed by natural water sources (90%) and ground water sources (62.5%). 70.5% of the total water samples (n = 210) were positive for coliforms. All the three samples from 8.3% (n = 3), 37.5% (n = 9) and 10% (n = 1) piped water, ground water and natural sources respectively, were negative for coliform organisms. A variety of organisms including Proteus, Klebsiella, Citrobacter, Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pasteurella, Enterobacter and Serratia liquefaciens were isolated from water samples positive for coliforms in presumptive coliform test. Thermo-tolerant coliform organisms; Escherichia coli, Citrobacter, Klebsiella and Enterobacter were 71.2% (n = 52) of the total bacterial isolations. These findings suggest absence of adequate treatment and disinfection of the water sources supplying drinking water in district Kangra.


This study explores faculty perspectives of social justice in teacher education within one New York institution with a social justice focus. Grounded in the institution's self-study process for accreditation, the researchers were a part of a team that collected data from structured interviews, including a card sort, of 42 full time teacher educators across 16 programs in the institution. Informed by sociocultural theories (Vygotsky, 1978; Wertsch, 1991), a content analysis revealed the language selected by faculty as well as their meaning-making process and describes how individuals contextualized those meanings. Findings demonstrated a range of meanings and lack of a shared understanding about social justice. Even where apparent consensus existed around particular terminology, the content analysis revealed that individual meanings were deeply contextualized within disciplines and, thereby, were quite distinct. We raise questions regarding how to use dialogue as a meaning making process, the possibilities for a range of meanings, and the significance of contextualizing social justice. The study suggests that significant tensions remain but that "being in tension" is a critical position and potentially informative to faculty who might consider using a framework that invites more diverse perspective rather than embrace a unitary meaning of the term.


This study examined the effect of previous intense exercise on energy production during exhaustive exercise. Subjects (n = 6) performed dynamic knee extensor exercise to exhaustion twice (Ex1 and Ex2) separated by 16 min of recovery consisting of 10 min of rest, 3.5 min of very high-intensity intermittent exercise, and a further 2.5 min of rest. This resulted in an elevated muscle lactate concentration of 13.1 mmol/kg wet wt before Ex2. Muscle lactate concentration was the same at end of Ex1 and Ex2, but the accumulation of lactate and net lactate release during Ex2 was reduced (P < 0.05) by 67 and 38%, respectively. The time to exhaustion was 3.73 and 2.98 min, respectively, and the mean rate of net lactate production for Ex2 was lower (P < 0.05) than for Ex1 (4.6 +/- 1.2 and 9.6 +/- 1.7 mmol.min-1.kg wet wt-1, respectively). Leg O2 uptake was the same for Ex1 and Ex2. Muscle pH (6.85) was lowered (P < 0.05) before Ex2, but at the end of Ex2 (6.77) it tended (P < 0.1) to be higher compared with that at the end of Ex1 (6.73). In summary, the net lactate production rate is reduced but the aerobic energy production is not significantly altered when intense exercise is repeated. Fatigue and the lowered glycolysis do not appear to be caused by the elevated acidity per se before exercise.


Problem statement: This study was conducted to identify and compare the wave characteristics in Sabah waters at five different key locations so as to determine the effects of the Northeast Monsoon (NEM) and the Southwest Monsoon (SWM) along the east and west coasts of Sabah. Approach: Monthly wave height and wave period data for 8 years covering offshore areas of Labuan, Kota Kinabalu (KK), Kudat, Sandakan and Tawau were collected from the Meteorological Department, Sabah Branch. The data was analyzed at different areas through the Probability Density Function (PDF) to estimate the most likely wave height and wave period in the study area. Wave power was also calculated using the wave power formula to identify the strength of waves in Sabah waters. The significance of wave characteristics during the NEM and the SWM for the east coast (Sandakan and Tawau) and west coast (Labuan and KK) of Sabah are presented in this study. Results: The range of wave heights in coastal waters surrounding Sabah was found to be 0.5-2 m. Wave height is usually higher than 1 m in the west coast during NEM while the east coast has a wave height of ~0.5 m for both monsoons. The wave power per unit width in the west coast is significantly higher (~5 kW m-1) especially during NEM than during SWM. The wave power in the east coast is less than 1 kW m-1 for both monsoons. Conclusion: The findings of this study can be useful for local fishermen in navigation purpose and coastal zone management activities.


People's desire for fair transactions can play an important role in negotiations, organizations, and markets. In this paper, we show that markets can also shape what people consider to be a fair transaction. We propose a simple and generally-applicable model of path-dependent fairness preferences, in which past experiences shape preferences, and we experimentally test the model's predictions. We find that previous exposure to competitive pressure substantially and persistently reduces subjects' fairness concerns, making them more likely to accept low offers. Consistent with our theory, we also find that past experience has little effect on subjects' inclinations to treat others unfairly.


Both theoretical and experimental evidence are presented in this work in order to validate the existence of an Energy/Frequency Convexity Rule, which relates energy consumption and microprocessor frequency for nanometer-scale microprocessors. Data gathered during several month-long experimental acquisition campaigns, supported by several independent publications, suggest that energy consumed is indeed depending on the microprocessor's clock frequency, and, more interestingly, the curve exhibits a clear minimum over the processor's frequency range. An analytical model for this behavior is presented and motivated, which fits well with the experimental data. A parameter sensitivity analysis shows how parameters affect the energy minimum in the clock frequency space. The conditions are discussed under which this convexity rule can be exploited, and when other methods are more effective, with the aim of improving the computer system's energy management efficiency. We show that the power requirements of the computer system, besides the microprocessor, and the overhead affect the location of the energy minimum the most. The sensitivity analysis of the Energy/Frequency Convexity Rule puts forward a number of simple guidelines especially for by low-power systems, such as battery-powered and embedded systems, and less likely by high-performance computer systems.


Streptococcus dysgalactiae, the long recognized mammalian pathogen, has currently received a major concern regarding fish bacterial infection. S. dysgalactiae caused either an opportunistic infection in immunocompromised patients or invasive infection in individuals handling livestock and seafood. The infected fish revealed systemic pyrogranulomatous inflammation with a severe necrotic lesion in their caudal peduncles. Despite increased clinical significance, the characterization of S. dysgalactiae strains isolated from different fish species collected in many countries and the epidemiological relationships among them have not been studied. Thus, little information is available concerning the outbreaks and epidemiology of S. dysgalactiae infection in farmed fish. Moreover, the origin, infection mechanism and the genetic basis of its virulence that characterize S. dysgalactiae as a fish pathogen remain unknown. Furthermore, no information is available on the initial step of fish-pathogen interaction. Therefore, the quest for a patent vaccine against this pathogen is hindered by the lack of knowledge regarding the pathogenesis and virulence determinants of S. dysgalactiae.


To learn, acquire knowledge, and develop skills is an embodied process. In this article, the authors argue that merging the fields of song and dance is dependent on a deeper understanding of how the mind and the body interact, and they utilize the concept of enactive cognition to explain these processes. The authors maintain that students need insight into these processes in order to improve their learning and, consequently, their performance. Retrospective examples taken from three educational situations within the musical theatre context elucidate the discussion of the concepts of alignment and breathing. These frequently used concepts are often a source of confusion and misunderstanding for the student. To alleviate this, a stronger, interdisciplinary dialogue among the singing and dance teachers who are involved in the genre of musical theatre needs to be developed. The authors suggest collaborative teaching as a means to develop the teaching methods and as the pathway to attaining a common base when integrating the skills of singing and dancing.


Many resources are available from other domains that are relevant to veterinary education. "Currents in Education," edited by Katherine M. Edmondson, is intended to present thought-provoking information about teaching and learning from sources outside the veterinary field. This regular feature of JVME will highlight relevant educational research published elsewhere, and provide a brief synopsis and analysis of the work and its implications for veterinary education. Submissions are welcome.


The protest movement that emerged in Iran in the wake of the presidential election of 2009 has seen a subsequent decline due to the combined effects of repression and the timidity of the reformist leadership. The growing conflict between Ayatollah Ali Khamenei and Mahmoud Ahmadinejad around the upcoming parliamentary election of March 2012 has created a new political crisis. The radical section of the movement tries to use this split to launch a subversive strategy against the Islamic regime. Alternatively, Khamenei tries to rid himself of the last vestiges of the autonomy of any elected institution and establish a full theocratic dictatorship. Iranian society has two choices—either to subvert the Khamenei regime or to be subjugated by it.1


BACKGROUND
The CLSI breakpoint for micafungin and Candida albicans is 0.25 mg/L, higher than the CLSI epidemiological cut-off value (0.03 mg/L) whereas the EUCAST values are identical (0.016 mg/L). We developed a novel in vitro dialysis-diffusion pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model, confirmed correlation to in vivo outcome and studied micafungin pharmacodynamics against Canida albicans.

METHODS
Four C. albicans isolates, including a weak (F641L) and a strong (R647G) fks1 mutants, were studied using a 104 cfu/mL inoculum and RPMI medium with and without 10% pooled human serum. The exposure-effect relationship fAUC0-24/MIC was described for CLSI and EUCAST methodology. Monte Carlo simulation analysis included standard (100 mg i.v.) and higher (150-300 mg) doses q24h to determine the corresponding probability of target attainment (PTA).

RESULTS
The in vitro PK/PD targets for stasis/1-log kill were 36/57 fAUC0-24/MIC in absence and 2.8/9.2 fAUC0-24/MIC in the presence of serum, and similar for wild-type and fks mutant isolates. The PTAs for both PK/PD targets were high (>95%) for EUCAST susceptible isolates but not for CLSI susceptible non-wild-type isolates (CLSI MICs 0.06-0.25 mg/L). 300 mg q24h was needed to attain PK/PD targets for non-wild-type isolates with CLSI MICs 0.06-0.125 mg/L and EUCAST MICs 0.03-0.06 mg/L.

CONCLUSION
The in vitro 1-log kill effect corresponded to stasis in animal model and mycological response in patients with invasive candidiasis, thereby validating the model for studying pharmacodynamics of echinocandins in vitro. EUCAST breakpoints were well supported by our findings but our data questions whether the current CLSI breakpoint, which is higher than the epidemiological cut-off values, is appropriate.


The highest stages of the visual ventral pathway are commonly assumed to provide robust representation of object identity by disregarding confounding factors such as object position, size, illumination, and the presence of other objects (clutter). However, whereas neuronal responses in monkey inferotemporal cortex (IT) can show robust tolerance to position and size changes, previous work shows that responses to preferred objects are usually reduced by the presence of nonpreferred objects. More broadly, we do not yet understand multiple object representation in IT. In this study, we systematically examined IT responses to pairs and triplets of objects in three passively viewing monkeys across a broad range of object effectiveness. We found that, at least under these limited clutter conditions, a large fraction of the response of each IT neuron to multiple objects is reliably predicted as the average of its responses to the constituent objects in isolation. That is, multiple object responses depend primarily on the relative effectiveness of the constituent objects, regardless of object identity. This average effect becomes virtually perfect when populations of IT neurons are pooled. Furthermore, the average effect cannot simply be explained by attentional shifts but behaves as a primarily feedforward response property. Together, our observations are most consistent with mechanistic models in which IT neuronal outputs are normalized by summed synaptic drive into IT or spiking activity within IT and suggest that normalization mechanisms previously revealed at earlier visual areas are operating throughout the ventral visual stream.


textabstractHundreds of millions of electrical and electronic appliances are manufactured every year. Furthermore, it is expected that this number will not substantially decrease in the near future. These equipments have a significant impact on the environment, and ceteris paribus, such environmental impact increases with the number of appliances manufactured.
Consumers, NGOs and Governments have acknowledged the potential threat posed by these electrical and electronic products. They have systematically demanded companies to reduce the environmental impact caused be their products and services. Companies have responded to these pressures and have engaged in a number of environmentally friendly initiatives.
This thesis is motivated by the task of reducing the environmental impact caused by the myriad of electrical and electronic products that make our lives more conformable and enjoyable. More specifically, it addresses the challenge of efficiently and effectively mitigating such impacts.
We show that companies will need a mixture of strategies to respond to this challenge. Furthermore, we show that these strategies must consider environmental, technical and marketing aspects of the business of electrical and electronic products. These three aspects need to be considered systemically, and the solutions will vary greatly according to the companies, the products they manufacture, and the ways in which their supply chains are organized.


Propagation rate coefficient (kp) data for radical polymerization of methyl acrylate (MA) in the bulk are critically evaluated and a benchmark dataset is put forward by a task-group of the IUPAC Subcommittee on Modeling of Polymerization Kinetics and Processes. This dataset comprises previously published results from three laboratories as well as new data from a fourth laboratory. Not only do all these values of kp fulfill the recommended consistency checks for reliability, they are also all in excellent agreement with each other. Data have been obtained employing the technique of pulsed-laser polymerization (PLP) coupled with molar-mass determination by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), where PLP has been carried out at pulse-repetition rates of up to 500 Hz, enabling reliable kp to be obtained through to 60 °C. The best-fit – and therefore recommended – Arrhenius parameters are activation energy EA = 17.3 kJ mol−1 and pre-exponential (frequency) factor A = 1.41 × 107 L mol−1 s−1. These hold for secondary-radical propagation of MA, and may be used to calculate effective propagation rate coefficients for MA in situations where there is a significant population of mid-chain radicals resulting from backbiting, as will be the case at technically relevant temperatures. The benchmark dataset reveals that kp values for MA obtained using PLP in conjunction with MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry are accurate. They also confirm, through comparison with previously obtained benchmark kp values for n-butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate and n-butyl methacrylate, that there seems to be identical family-type behavior in n-alkyl acrylates as in n-alkyl methacrylates. Specifically, kp for the n-butyl member of each family is about 20% higher than for the corresponding methyl member, an effect that appears to be entropic in origin. Furthermore, each family is characterized by an approximately constant EA, where the value is 5 kJ mol−1 lower for acrylates.


Cardiotoxicity of unknown etiology may preclude the use of adriamycin, a cancer chemotherapeutic agent. Mammalian cardiac cells in culture were used as a model system in the study of the mechanisms involved. Adriamycin inhibited cell growth, particularly of the fast-dividing nonmuscle cells. This inhibition might be a contributory factor to cardiomyopathy, but it does not explain the cessation of the rhythmic contractions characteristic of myocardial cells in culture. The concentrations of ATP and phosphorylcreatine (PC) were decreased in the adriamycin-treated cells, but the addition of creatine resulted in a several-fold increase of PC. Therefore, the regulation of energy production and the potential to maintain a high, steady-state concentration of PC were not impaired.


The use of structural masonry may result in cheaper and faster construction of
structures compared with the conventional approach of framed building construction.
In Malaysia the supply of houses by both public and private is still far from meeting
the demand especially in low cost housing sector. Hence the search for fast, safe and
economical masonry system becomes a necessity to meet the demand for housing in
Malaysia. Interlocking block system is promoted, as a new building technique that
may result to more economical construction. The main concept of interlocking
hollow block system is the elimination of the mortar layers and instead the blocks are
interconnected through providing key connection (protrusion and groove). The use of
interlocking load bearing hollow blocks in building construction will speed up the
construction process as a result of the elimination of mortar layers. Furthermore, due
to the self-aligning features of the interlocking hollow blocks, the walls can be
assembled much faster by unskilled workers compared to mortar masonry
construction.Putra block is an interlocking block system used in the construction of load bearing
wall (Waleed et aL(2005)). The structural behavior of the walls constructed using
Putra block was presented by Jaafar et al. (2006) and Waleed et al. (2007). The
structural behavior of interlocking hollow blocks load bearing wall is not fully
explored due limited research on its structural response under the applied load till
failure. Moreover, the effect of window opening on the structural response of the
interlocking wall especially on the stress distribution in the wall and its failure
mechanism are not yet addressed and require special sttention for safe and accurate
design of walls.
This study presents experimental testing of interlocking hollow block walls having
window opening under concentric and eccentric vertical compressive load. The
experimental testing focuses on the effect of different layout of the reinforced
stiffener around the opening on the structural response of the wall and its failure
mechanism.
Eight wall panels having dimemion of 1.5 m x 1.6 m (length x height) with a
rectangular opening occupying 20% of the wall area were assembled using Putra
block. The specimens are differing in the layout of reinforced stiffener around the
opening. These wall specimens were subjected to a vertical load of 0 mm, 40 mrn,
and 55 rnm eccentricities. The response was investigated in terms of deformation
characteristics, strain variation, failure load and failure mechanism.
The results indicate that the responses of interlocking hollow block wall with
opening are similar to the bonded masonry system. The presence of window opening of an area equal to 20% of the surface area of the wall may reduce the axial
efficiency of the interlocking wall up to 50% of the solid wall capacity. Furthermore,
the layout of the stiffeners plays a significant effect in the structural response of the
interlocking wall and leads to completely different failure mechanism of the wall.


Abstract Geografisk Tidsskrift, Danish Journal of Geography 105(1):57–65, 2005 In the 'low potential' agricultural areas that predominate in Sub-Saharan Africa, globalisation has brought destabilising influences and few advantageous opportunities. These changes have placed increased pressure on rural lands, raising the question of whether local people adapt successfully via modified land use strategies. 'Sustainable agriculture' technologies involving agroforestry or soil and water conservation represent an obvious means of adaptation to change in low-potential areas, where purchased agricultural inputs are often inaccessible. Yet despite the promise these technologies have shown in farm trials, their adoption by farmers has generally been hesitant and limited. This has been widely interpreted as evidence that these technologies do not respond effectively to beneficiaries' needs. Based on a household survey from Shinyanga District, Tanzania, the paper revisits the issues o f adaptation to changing circumstances and technology adoption. It considers the possibility that some households adapt to change more effectively than others, adopting advantageous, accessible technologies while others neglect them. Its focus is on the knowledge and perceptions informing tree management decisions, which are elucidated via qualitative and statistical data. The paper reports major knowledge differences among households, and suggests a linkage to observed differences in tree management strategy.


Oocyte cryopreservation is one of the state-of-art technologies in human reproductive medicine, which brings opportunities for women to preserve their fertility. In the present study, we analyzed the efficiency and outcomes of 8 years' autologous egg cryopreservation: Frozen oocytes were warmed from 120 cycles and oocyte survival, fertilization, blastocyst development, clinical pregnancy, embryo implantation, live birth rates and birth weights were collected based on the patients' ages of <35, 35–37 and > 37 years old. The details of oocyte cryopreservation and the efficiency were further analyzed based on different patient categories. During the study period, 849 oocytes from 120 cycles were warmed. Oocyte survival, fertilization, and blastocyst development were not affected by women's ages at the time of cryopreservation. However, number of patients without blastocyst formation was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in patients >37 years old (31.2%) than that in patients <35 years old (13.1%). Higher live birth rates were observed in patients <35 (51.1%) and 35–37 (46.7%) years old than in patients >37 years old (28.6%) after fresh embryo transfer. Some patients did not have blastocysts mainly due to low fertilization by poor sperm or small number of oocytes warmed. These results indicate that the efficiency of oocyte cryopreservation, evaluated by live birth and embryo implantation rates is affected by women's age, number of oocytes warmed and sperm quality.


Conversational Recommender Systems (CRSs) in E-commerce platforms aim to recommend items to users via multiple conversational interactions. Click-through rate (CTR) prediction models are commonly used for ranking candidate items. However, most CRSs are suffer from the problem of data scarcity and sparseness. To address this issue, we propose a novel knowledge-enhanced deep cross network (K-DCN), a two-step (pretrain and fine-tune) CTR prediction model to recommend items. We first construct a billion-scale conversation knowledge graph (CKG) from information about users, items and converations, and then pretrain CKG by introducing knowledge graph embedding method and graph convolution network to encode semantic and structural information respectively. To make the CTR prediction model sensible of current state of users and the relationship between dialogues and items, we introduce user-state and dialogue-interaction representations based on pre-trained CKG and propose K-DCN. In K-DCN, we fuse the user-state representation, dialogue-interaction representation and other normal feature representations via deep cross network, which will give the rank of candidate items to be recommended. We experimentally prove that our proposal significantly outperforms baselines and show it's real application in Alime.


Aliasing of sampled monocomponent polynomial-phase signals is investigated. The results are applicable to general sampling schemes, and it is shown that aliasing can be avoided by sampling the signal nonuniformly in time. Examples illustrate how this property can be exploited in Doppler radar in order to avoid ambiguity in estimates of the kinematic parameters of the target.


Abstract In Census 2000, approximately 15 percent of all Latinos identified panethnically: that is, they did not mark whether they were Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, or another national group but rather identified themselves in general terms such as "Hispanic" or "Latino." This was a 200 percent increase over the 1990 Census. Scholars have pointed to two explanations for Latino panethnic identification: first, that panethnicity is a meaningful identity stemming from shared backgrounds and structural commonalities and the need to unite politically and, second, that Latino panethnicity is a methodological artifact of the way that racial and ethnic data are currently collected. In this paper, we describe past research on Latino ethnic identity, document contemporary expressions of Latino panethnicity, and assess whether panethnicity is a genuine, meaningful identity for some Latinos and stems from methodological factors. Our assessment of Census 2000, the Census 2000 Supplementary Survey, the 2002 National Survey of Latinos, and the Alternative Questionnaire Experiment is that Latino panethnicity is both a substantive and a methodological phenomenon. Consequently, we encourage researchers to acknowledge the complexity and fluidity of Latino ethnicity, to recognize the influence of substantive and methodological factors on Latino panethnicity, and to incorporate multiple data sources in their research.


Thermo-mechanical models, based on the discretization of the heat transfer and elasticity equations, enable the analysis and optimization of the thermal design of machine tools. This work investigates the thermo-mechanical response of a five-axis precision machine tool to fluctuations of the environmental temperature. To increase the computational efficiency of the thermo-mechanical model, a surrogate model by means of projection-based model order reduction (MOR) is created. This article uses the parametric Krylov Modal Subspace (KMS) method, which enables the evaluation of the thermo-mechanical response of the machine tool for different values of the parameters describing the convective boundary conditions. The thermo-mechanical model is validated comparing the simulated and measured response of the machine tool to a step in the environmental temperature. The validation process uses the global sensitivity analysis (GSA) to determine the convective boundary conditions with the largest impact on the thermally induced deviations. The reduced-order model ensures the computational tractability of the Monte Carlo simulation associated with the sensitivity analysis and parameter identification. The validated thermo-mechanical model is used to investigate the thermo-mechanical design of the machine tool.


The present study shows a methodology to carry out a comprehensive study of port agitation and resonance analysis in Geraldton Harbor (Western Australia). The methodology described and applied here extends the short and long wave hindcast outside the harbor and towards the main basin. To perform such an analysis, and as the first stage of the methodology, it is necessary to determine, in detail, both the long and short wave characteristics, through a comprehensive methodology to obtain and to hindcast the full spectral data (short waves + long waves, for frequencies between 0.005 and 1 Hz). Twelve-year spectral hindcast wave data, at a location before the reef, have been modified analytically to include the energy input associated with infragravity waves. A decomposition technique based on the energy balance of the radiation stress of short waves is followed. Predictions for long wave heights and periods at different harbor locations are predicted and validated with data recorded during 2004 to 2009. This new database will ensure an accurate and reliable assessment of long wave hourly data (height, period and currents) in any area within the main basin of the Port of Geraldton, for its present geometry. With this information, two main task will be completed: (1) undertake a forensic diagnosis of the present response of the harbor, identifying those forcing characteristics related to inoperability events; and (2) propose any layout solutions to minimize, change, dissipate/fade/vanish or positively modify the effects of long waves in the harbor, proposing different harbor geometry modifications. The goal is to identify all possible combinations of solutions that would minimize the current inoperability in the harbor. Different pre-designs are assessed in this preliminary study in order to exemplify the potential of the methodology.


Neuroanatomist Jacopo Annese plans to create a digital, zoomable atlas of the brain of Henry Molaison, the most studied human being in the history of psychology, and make it freely available online—the first entry in what he hopes will become an open-access brain library to be used by scientists, students, or anyone with an Internet connection and an interest in neuroanatomy. Ultimately, the library will include donated brains from people with Alzheimer9s disease and other neurological disorders, Annese says, as well as a collection of healthy brains of different ages. But for now, Molaison9s brain is the star attraction.


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