The article introduces several configurations of class E power amplifiers in CMOS technologies. Each configuration, however, alleviates some problems in the design of class E power amplifiers. The two-stage class E power amplifier reveals the design technique for the driving stage, which provides a more efficient driving signal in terms of class E operation. The complementary configuration takes advantage of the symmetrical circuit topology, which allows much lower total harmonic distortion in the output signal. The power-adaptive technique based on high-Q varactors gives a more feasible and effective approach to achieving the function of output power control for switching-mode power amplifiers. An approach to implement linear power amplification using switching mode power amplifiers is also introduced that can achieve linear amplification while still keeping high power efficiency and output power.


This paper adopts the industrial capabilities argument and the concept of revealed comparative advantage as the basis for evaluating the competitiveness of the UK creative industries in sustaining export growth. The empirical results have revealed a heterogeneous nature of the economic linkages and comparative advantage positions within the UK creative sector. There is also evidence to support the industrial capabilities argument that the dynamic inter-play within the domestic economy matters for the external competitiveness of industries, particularly for the creative sector. A further finding is that industries with strong backward linkages tend to be positively related, whilst sectors with strong forward linkages negatively related, to their within-country cross-sector comparative advantages.


The dye-coupling status of secretory and reabsorptive cells in micro-dissected lengths of human eccrine sweat gland was investigated by means of intracellular microiontophoresis of the fluorescent naphthalimide dye Lucifer yellow CH (Mr 457), which passes through gap junctions. Cells of the reabsorptive duct exhibited complete dye coupling between the apical and basal layers of the epithelium. Conversely, cells of the secretory tubule exhibited selective dye coupling. Of the three cell types present, clear, dark, and myoepithelial, the dark cells were impaled and labeled almost exclusively in the present study. These cells were observed either as single cells or as dye-coupled groups of neighboring dark cells. In no instance were dark cells observed to be dye coupled to clear cells or to myoepithelial cells. Because myoepithelial cells are known to be dye coupled exclusively to neighboring myoepithelial cells, the remaining clear cells must either be uncoupled or show selective dye coupling to neighboring clear cells. The significance of these findings is considered with respect to the regulation and function of the different cell types present in the human eccrine sweat gland.


Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that a variety of interferon-inducing agents depress cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase systems when administered to rats. With the expectation that the use of cultured hepatocytes would provide a more accessible means of studying the mechanism by which interferon-inducing agents depress these enzyme systems, measurements were made of the effects of the interferon inducer, poly rI·rC and a crude preparation of mouse interferon on the cytochrome P-450 content and aminopyrine N-demethylase and benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase activities of primary, nonreplicating mouse hepatocytes maintained on floating collagen membranes. During the first 24 hr of culture, hepatocytes lost about 80% of their cytochrome P-450, 97% of their aminopyrine N-demethylase activity, and 90% of their benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase activity. The specific activity of cytochrome P-450 (nanomoles of [14C]formaldehyde formed from the N-demethylation of aminopyrine per nanomole of P-450 per minute) was lowered from 4.6 to as little as [unknown] this value. Exposure of the cultures to poly rI·rC (5 µg/ml of culture) during the second 24 hr of culture caused a 40% increase in the cytochrome P-450 content of the hepatocytes. The specific activity of cytochrome P-450 de novo relative to the N-demethylation of aminopyrine was restored to that of the cytochrome P-450 of freshly isolated hepatocytes or the cytochrome P-450 of microsomes isolated from liver homogenates. The mouse interferon preparation (1000 units/ml of culture medium) was considerably less potent as an inducer of cytochrome P-450 in cultured hepatocytes, but the specific activity of the cytochrome P-450 de novo induced by mouse interferon was as high as that of the cytochrome P-450 induced by poly rI·rC. Relative to benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase activity, the specific activity of the cytochrome P-450 that survived the first 24 hr of culture was about the same as that for the cytochrome P-450 of microsomes isolated from liver homogenates. Both poly rI·rC and mouse interferon preparation induced the hydroxylase activity in 24-hr-old cultures of hepatocytes. Poly rI·rC did not induce the hydroxylase activity in cultured Reuber hepatoma cells. Poly rI·rC was shown to induce interferon activity in cultured hepatocytes. Methods are described for the determination of aminopyrine N-demethylase and benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase activities and cytochrome P-450, cytochrome b5, and DNA contents of cultured hepatocytes from one mouse.


After a few decad of neglect, the "enteric nervous system" has recently regained the attention of investigators. Indeed, various studies, such as those which led to the isolation from the gut of a number of neuropeptides, subsequently demonstrated throughout the nervous system, have prompted major advancements of modern neuroscience. In spite of a wealth of animal investigations and a number of human studies, however, available information concerning the human "enteric nervous system" is comparatively sparse. In the opinion that such lack of information was largely due to unavailability of appropriate techniques, we have initiated and developed a new comprehensive methodology. This way, a quantitative analysis was made possible of both nerve structure and transmitter status, point-to-point along the gut, as well as within the various, functionally heterogeneous components of the gastrointestinal wall itself. After a general introduction, the present review is intended to summarize such methodology, with the addition of a few illustrative examples of application and a practically-oriented guideline to its use, in the form of technical appendix.


Booking our vehicles is as easy as picking up the phone and calling. or you email us at firstname.lastname@example.com,or simply visit us at any of our rental locations.


The Economics of Resilient Infrastructure (ERI) research programme is a four year project funded by the New Zealand Government. The aims of the project are to study and quantify the impacts of natural hazards on infrastructure and to model the economic consequences of these impacts. To this end a new software tool called MERIT (Modelling the Economics of Resilient Infrastructure) is being developed as part of the program. This report outlines the progress undertaken to date (March 2014) as part of Research Aim 1 in the ERI programme. Research Aim 1 is focussed on the development of 'Outage Scenarios' that can be used to better inform the MERIT approach. A large part of the work in Research Aim 1 has been focussed on 'single outage' scenarios where a single critical infrastructure provider is asked to outline a credible outage scenario which may have significant impacts for the community in a study area. The study area chosen was Auckland and the infrastructure sectors concentrated on were electricity, represented by Vector and Transpower, and water supply represented by Watercare. Spatial service outage data relating to the scenarios was collected through the use of workshops, meetings and other information provided by Vector, Transpower and Watercare. This report outlines the outage scenarios and describes the process used to generate the data in a form suitable as an input to the MERIT tool. An assessment of the suitability of the approaches used is given as well as an overview of what the next steps in the research programme will be.


Knowledge of crop response to water is essential for  proper irrigation management. Research  was conducted at Forage Crop Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Department, Faculty Of Animal Husbandry, Diponegoro University  during 9 month  trying two type grass that  were benggala ( Panicum maximum ) and elephant  ( Pennisetum purpureum ) with treatment of the following dry stres : S 0 = control, without  stress; S 1 =  1 times drought stress,  S 2 =  2 times drought stress  , and S 3 =  3 times  drought stress by lay out of complete random design( factorial pattern). Parameter perceived were( 1) forage production , (2) dry matter production, (3) percentage of crude protein, and (4) percentage of crude fibre. Data collected to be analysed  by analysis of varians  continued with Duncan multiple range test. Result of research indicate that forage production of  elephant grass  (103,79 g/pot) bigger than  benggala (53,08 g/pot). Dry matter production of elephant grass was   18,77 g/pot  higher than  benggala  grass( 14,54 g/pot).  Drought stres do not affect to forage  production  also  dry matter production : Percentage of crude protein  of  benggala grass (9,10%) higher than elephant grass (7,02%), while percentage crude fibre of benggala grass (35,64%) higher than elephant grass (31,67%). Drought stres do not influence percentage of crude protein  and crude fibre of benggala and elephant grasses. Conclusion from research were (1) elephant grass  have higher forage production  and  dry matter production than benggala grass (2) percentage of crude protein and crude fibre of benggala grass  higher  than elephant grass, (3) drought stres do not  affect to forage production , dry matter production, percentage of crude protein  and crude fibre. (Animal Production 11(2): 109-115 (2009) Key Words : crude protein, fiber, drought stress


The mechanisms by which peptides and proteins form ordered aggregates are not well understood. Here we focus on the physicochemical properties of amino acids that favor ordered aggregation and suggest a parameter‐free model that is able to predict the change of aggregation rates over a large set of natural sequences. Furthermore, the results of the parameter‐free model correlate well with the aggregation propensities of a set of peptides designed by computer simulations.


A botnet is a group of compromised Internet‐connected devices controlled remotely by cyber criminals to launch coordinated attacks and to perform various malicious activities. Since botnets continuously adapt themselves to the evolving countermeasures introduced by both network and host‐based detection mechanism, the traditional approaches do not provide adequate protection to botnet threat. On the one hand, behavioral analysis of network traffic can play a key role to detect botnets. For instance, behavioral analysis can be applied to observe and discover communication patterns that botnets operate during their life cycle. On the other hand, deep learning has been successfully applied to various classification tasks, and it is also a promising solution for botnet discovery. In this paper, we apply deep neural network to detect botnet by modeling network traffic flow. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated with publicly available large‐scale communication traces. The experimental results illustrate that deep learning is an efficient and effective method for identifying botnet traffic with a high true positive rate (attack detection rate) and low false positive alarm rate.


In the basement under the Appalachian basin, a northeast-trending lineament extending more than 1,600 km from the Mississippian embayment to the Green Mountains has been found from aeromagnetic mapping augmented by regional gravity data. This lineament, here called the New York–Alabama lineament, is marked by a series of linear magnetic gradients that bound areas of magnetic rocks in the basement and implies strike-slip displacement along a profound crustal break. The lineament tends to coincide with the west side of the regional Appalachian gravity low and separates a province of dominantly north-trending gravity anomalies on the northwest from a province of prevailing northeast trends on the southeast. The lineament seems to mark the southeast edge of a stable crustal block that acted as a buttress for the strong deformation of the Appalachian foldbelt, so that the arcuate salients in Pennsylvania and Tennessee are tangential to it. Present-day seismic activity shows a correlation of the location of the lineament with an active area to the southeast in the eastern part of the Appalachian basin and a seismically inactive block along the northwest side of the lineament. A parallel active zone to the west extends from New Madrid, Missouri, to the valley of the St. Lawrence River. The lineament is in the subsurface extension of the Grenville province, which may mark a region of a former continental collision analogous to the India-Asia region. Strike-slip faults of great length, linearity, and profound horizontal displacement, such as the Altyn Tagh fault of Tibet, typify the region north of India and may have their counterpart in the New York-Alabama lineament, which records probable strike-slip displacement of great magnitude in the basement rocks under the Appalachian basin.


What is it that unifies the control task in all its manifestations, from the thermostat to the operator of a nuclear power plant? At the same time, how do we explain the variety of the solutions that we see for the task? I propose a Knowledge Level analysis of the task which leads to a task-structure for control. Differences in availability of knowledge, the degree of compilation in the knowledge to map from observations to actions, and properties required of the solutions together determine the differences in the solution architectures. I end by discussing a number of heuristics that arise out of the Knowledge Level analysis that can help in the design of systems to control the physical world.


Background Six out of ten Filipinos die without seeing a health professional (UP NHI, 2010). Some of the leading causes of mortality are preventable with early detection and diagnosis. Actual cost of medical care is not the sole reason for not seeking medical care as even indigent members who are entitled to free medical insurance have very low utilization rate of health care benefits (NDHS). These make the facilitation of the meeting of patients and healthcare providers more important. A wide array of reasons for low utilization of health care exists. For instance, in a 2013 study by Faraon, et.al, high transaction costs affect a portion of those who underutilized health insurance benefits. Lack of accessible supply-side factors such as roads and effective mode of transportation are partly to be blamed for in these transaction costs. Objectives This paper contributes to existing literature as it verifies the effect of travel costs on the households' decision to seek medical care after controlling for many government social protection programs, ie. Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) and Social Health Insurance for Indigent Program. Methods This paper uses the Millennium Challenge Corporation's 2012 baseline randomized control trial (RCT) data designed for the impact evaluation of KALAHI-CIDSS Program (2nd phase). The follow up survey is not yet available but was already conducted last first quarter of 2014. After controlling for many other variables, this study will test the effects of travel costs to each of following dependent variables, (1) expenditure for medical care, (2) decision to consult with a healthcare provider.To solve the possible endogeneity of these costs even after controlling for other observed variables, the costs were instrumented, then regressed on the response of households to existence of serious illness in the family (sought help, etc) to compute the Local Average Treatment Effect (LATE). To further test the technique-robustness of the estimate, this study computed the Average Treatment Effect on the Treated (ATT) using Propensity Score Matching (PSM) methods.If the baseline samples' follow up survey (done last first quarter in 2014) will be available before the deadline, Average Treatment Effects (ATE) will be computed by Difference-in-Difference using Fixed Effects method. Result Initial results from the baseline RCT data suggest a negative relationship between travel costs and the decision to seek medical treatment from list of households" options. Conclusion The conclusions support existing literatures that point to the importance of infrastructures to enhance peoples" access to health care. Intuitively, CCT beneficiaries regard the effect of travel costs less than PhilHealth insurance, as the latter virtually expands households" budget.


There seems to be interesting commonalities between self-determination theory (SDT) and person-centred care (PCC), especially when considering their respective value systems and foundations for practice. Both perspectives are based on the fundamental view of human beings as active and capable persons who will thrive if the social environment facilitates certain essential conditions. This short communication paper addresses potential synergy effects in combining these two perspectives in order to improve future applications and assessments of person-centred care. Opportunities for theoretical guidance, concept and measurement adoption along with practical implications are briefly discussed.


The coupling of laser with fiber has been used for many fields: such as industry, medical treatment, and communications. At the present time, the coupling methods are direct coupling and lens coupling mainly. With the existence of a damage threshold in fiber end face and interior, it very difficult to use the above ways to realize the coupling of high-power, high-energy and narrow pulse laser with optical fiber. In this paper, a new method to reducing laser power density and energy density in optical fiber end face and interior is presented and designed a hollow cone shaped laser-fiber coupler by analyzing the mechanism of damage of optical fiber. When cylindrical Gauss beam incident into the hollow cone coupler will form a light spot, the energy density is of quasiaverage distribution. By using this coupler, we realized the coupling of a high-power (10MW), energy (12mJ), narrow pulse (12ns) and electro-optical Q-switched Nd:YAG laser with the multimode optical fiber (diameter is 600μm) and the coupling efficiency is 70%.


Since the verifi cation of the termination of its nuclear weapons programme and the dismantling of its nuclear devices and facilities, South Africa has succeeded in converting its defensive nuclear posture to the employment of nuclear energy for peaceful uses, such as power generation and nuclear medicine. In respect of the latter, South Africa has skilfully crafted a global niche for itself. Building on its nuclear expertise, South Africa has become one of the world's leading producers of medical isotopes – an under-researched area in South Africa's nuclear and economic diplomacy – which are used in a variety of medical diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Moreover, South Africa has succeeded in producing these isotopes from  low-enriched, rather than highly enriched uranium; adding further credence to its nuclear non-proliferation commitments. By converting its nuclear  reactor, SAFARI-1, to produce and supply medical isotopes, South Africa has gained numerous  material and non-material gains, ranging from foreign exchange to status and prestige.


In 2010, the Indian elephant (elephas maximus indica) was declared a National Heritage Animal, in view of its contribution to Indian culture and history. It is not surprising that the elephant features in Hindi film, but it is striking that it features in a range of genres, including the mythological, the historical, the social film and features in several children's films, a rare genre in Indian cinema. In these films the elephant is shown to have a complex status, being divine, especially in association with the elephant-headed god Ganesha, as a moral and noble animal with human qualities, as well as a working animal participating in warfare and in circuses. The elephant's qualities are often contrasted with those of humans, with the elephant always esteemed for its moral rectitude, its devotion, its dedication and its sense of joy. The elephant has names and characters but it does not appear as an animal outside the realms of humans and anthropomorphic gods (with even Ganesha having a humanlike body). However, although the Hindi film cannot feature the elephant's current status as an endangered species whose only predator is man, it does create an interest and empathy for this symbolically significant animal. This article explores these representations in films, including animated films (My friend Ganesha, 2007), mythological films about Ganesha (Shri Ganesh Mahima, 1950); children's films (Haathi mere saathi, 1971; Safed haathi, 1978); historical films (Mughal-e Azam, 1960; Jodhaa Akbar, 2008), and as a forestry worker (Munimji,1955; Pakeezah, 1971), including in one of the earliest feature films shot in India, which produced India's first international star, Sabu: Elephant boy, 1937.


Supply planning optimization is one of the most important issues for manufactures and scholars. Supply is planned to meet the future demand. Under the uncertainty of demand, profit is maximized and opportunity loss is minimized. In real case, however, the demands of products are usually correlated. Hence, in this paper, a method is proposed for supply planning optimization under the correlated and uncertainty demand. Correlated random numbers are introduced to Monte Carlo simulation to meet the real case. The supply planning is multi-objective, thus genetic algorithm is employed. In order to search the optimal solutions effectively and efficiently, GENOCOP system is utilized to initialize population. The algorithm is tested on real data, and a wonderful performance is shown.


Objective. To evaluate the use of new genetic sequencing techniques for comprehensive genetic testing for hearing loss. Data Sources. Articles were identified from PubMed and Google Scholar databases using pertinent search terms. Review Methods. Literature search identified 30 studies as candidates that met search criteria. Three studies were excluded, and 8 studies were found to be case reports. Twenty studies were included for review analysis, including 7 studies that evaluated controls and 16 studies that evaluated patients with unknown causes of hearing loss; 3 studies evaluated both controls and patients. Conclusions. In the 20 studies included in the review analysis, 426 control samples and 603 patients with unknown causes of hearing loss underwent comprehensive genetic diagnosis for hearing loss using massively parallel sequencing. Control analysis showed a sensitivity and specificity .99%, sufficient for clinical use of these tests. The overall diagnostic rate was 41% (range, 10%-83%) and varied based on several factors, including inheritance and prescreening prior to comprehensive testing. There were significant differences in platforms available with regard to the number and type of genes included and whether copy number variations were examined. Based on these results, comprehensive genetic testing should form the cornerstone of a tiered approach to clinical evaluation of patients with hearing loss along with history, physical examination, and audiometry and can determine further testing that may be required, if any. Implications for Practice. Comprehensive genetic testing has become the new standard of care for genetic testing for patients with sensorineural hearing loss.


The new family Acutichitonidae of the suborder Lepidopleurina is erected to embrace polyplacophorans having tail valves with a terminal mucro and with lateral and posterior underturned margins (hypotyche). Aesthete canals opening on the hypotyche may have been functional and possibly served a sensory function. A polyplacophoran fauna from the Gene Autry Formation (Morrowan) of Oklahoma contains Pterochiton carbonarius (Stevens), P. tholus n. sp. and Acutichiton allynsmithi n. sp. Pterochiton carbonarius is also reported from the Smithwick Formation (upper Atokan) in Texas.--Journal abstract.


This question - 'What are the characteristics of a professional teacher educator?' - was simply sent out as a survey to all teacher educators who engage with the Teacher Education Advancement Network (TEAN). The aim was to give respondents the opportunity to comment from their own perspectives, whatever they were, thus adding their voices to our search for the characteristics of professional teacher educators. The resulting data were collated and refined by the authors of this paper who then worked together to write the think piece. As a think piece it sets out to provoke a response from its readers and hopes that readers will 'think' and use it to share in dialogue with colleagues and continue to add their voices to this debate.


The concept of employment for the Islamic architectural heritage takes great place and attention by architects or those who study and analyze the Islamic heritage in architecture. However, most of the architectural applications that appear on the ground focus on the physical aspect of that heritage as it represents the visual image of it and the most relevant aspect of the memory of Islamic societies in the Eastern and Western Islamic world. This causes the problem of the artisanal transport of the heritage of the Islamic architectural heritage without looking at this heritage objectively and understanding the social and cultural circumstances and causes that led to its emergence as it is. The research assumes that the Islamic architectural heritage possesses rich intellectual and material resources that can be utilized nowadays in contemporary projects if they are removed from imitation and direct form transport. The research focuses specifically on the architecture of the mosques and selects two old models, the Ahmad Ibn Tulun Mosque in Cairo and the Mashhad in the ninth century AD, and the Meikat Mosque in Medina and Mashad at the end of the 20th century. The research aims at shedding light on the concept of followers in the building of contemporary Islamic mosques as a mechanism for employing the Islamic architectural heritage and identifying the defects in the process of followings and the surrounding areas in the building of contemporary mosques.


Evidence suggests that farm workers represent a high-risk population for the development of depression. The aim of the study was to clarify the association between pesticide exposure/poisoning and depression. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis were conducted in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Relevant studies were included through searching in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, CINAHL and pre-print services databases. A total of eight studies were included. A positive but non-significant association was observed between pesticide use and depression (OR = 1.123; 95% CI, 0.932-1.354, p-value = .221) while a significant positive association was observed between pesticide poisoning and depression (OR = 2.942; 95% CI, 1.791-4.831, p-value <.001). The present meta-analysis suggested clearly a significant positive association between pesticide poisoning and depression, confirming the hypothesis that pesticide poisoning is a risk factor of depression. It also revealed positive, yet non-significant association, between pesticide exposure and depression, a finding that enhances recent research but requires to be further supported by future cohort studies, including socioeconomic factors and biomarkers of depression.


The Minute Man National Historic Park (NHP) in Massachusetts commemorates the Battle of Lexington and Concord (1775) that began the American Revolution. The National Park created in 1959 seeks to interpret the battle and restore the agricultural landscapes of the revolutionary period. The Park is situated within the larger Freedom's Way National Heritage Area (FWNHA) that was designated in 2009 to preserve the extensive historic cultural resources of the region, including such gems as Thoreau's Walden Pond. Unfortunately, the Minute Man NHP is divided into four units and bisected by a busy state highway that makes wayfinding challenging for visitors. Moreover, the National Trust for Historic Preservation listed the Minute Man NHP "as one of America's most endangered Places" (NTHP, 2003) due to the impacts of surrounding traffic, noise, and incompatible developments. There are several existing and proposed projects including the Battle Road Trail, Minute Man Bike Trail and Scenic Byway that have the potential to link the Park's resources, but key connections are missing to create a coherent network. To address these challenges, this project, a partnership between the US National Park Service, FWNHA, and the University of Massachusetts, Amherst uses greenways as an organizing element to improve pedestrian and bike connections from the Park to the many nearby historic, cultural, and recreation resources, while providing visitors an alternative to touring the park by car. An undergraduate landscape architecture studio under the direction of the authors developed a greenway plan for the surrounding area with regional connections, as well as designed key sites and corridors along this greenway network that act as gateways and nodes for cultural and historical interpretation. This project exemplifies the challenges of historic and cultural planning within a developed suburban setting where local and regional recreation demands put pressure on historic landscapes. In addition, the fact that several key sites are outside the jurisdiction of the National Park in municipal, non-profit, or private ownership exemplifies the need for collaborative planning efforts. Finally, the project shows the management issues that continue after designation of historic corridors.


Actualism has been a fundamental tool in taphonomy. The knowledge of accumulation patterning of modern faunal allows us to interpret the activity of different actors in the archaeological record and to reconstruct the behaviour of preterit animals and humans in which we are interested. However, until now, there are few works that include bone modifications made by bears amongst those made by carnivores.

Most data about bone modifications made by bears have been obtained from the archaeo-palaeontological record. In most of these assemblages, the presence of bears is related to their period of hibernation. Therefore, in these contexts, the changes documented on recovered bear bones are associated only with cannibalism.

In this paper, we present an actualistic study about modifications on bones made by modern brown bears. These animals can cause damage similar to those produced by other large carnivores. Generally, bear activity leaves slight damage, mainly on large-sized animal bones. However, on bones of small-sized animals and those of greater fragility, the bears can produce abundant damage. Though not usual, bears can break long bones and consume the complete epiphysis. This study suggests that bears have the potential to be agents of bone modification in fossil assemblages. Consequently, they should be considered as a possible agent of modification of faunal remains in the fossil record. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


A selection of papers presented at the First International Workshop on Information Processing in Cells and Tissues (IPCAT 95). The book contains contributions from mathematicians, biochemists, cell biologists, physiologists, and computer scientists. It is multidisciplinary in nature and deals with integrative aspects of information processing, cellular systems and dynamical methods.


Artistic interpretation of the landscape was transformed when artists started working directly in the landscape itself. At the same time, architects explored strategies aimed at integrating humans and habitats within the environment. This book showcases the ways in which designers have created living spaces within the built and natural environments - areas of harmony between man and nature.


TOPIC
Educational and healthcare service delivery systems play an important role within the lives of sexual minority youth.

PURPOSE
To provide justification and recommendations for improving the coordination and collaboration of school-based mental health professionals and child and adolescent psychiatric nurses via presentation of a set of consultation best practices.

SOURCES
Multidisciplinary literature specific to sexual minority youth, school climate, clinical experience, and consultation practices.

CONCLUSION
Nurses are in a position to advocate for and provide education about sexual minority youth in schools and to provide direct support to this population. By creating collaborative relationships across clinics and schools, information and expertise can be shared and applied to affect change and lead to positive outcomes for all students.


We provide an overview of associations between income inequality and intergenerational mobility in the United States, Canada, and eight European countries. We analyze whether this correlation is observed across and within countries over time. We investigate Great Gatsby curves and perform metaregression analyses based on several papers on this topic. Results suggest that countries with high levels of inequality tend to have lower levels of mobility. Intergenerational income elasticities have stronger associations with the Gini coefficient compared to associations with the top 1 percent income share. Once models are controlled for methodological variables, country indicators, and paper indicators, correlations of mobility with the Gini coefficient lose significance but not with the top 1 percent income share. This result is an indication that recent increases in inequality at the top of the distribution might be negatively affecting mobility on a greater magnitude compared to variations across the income distribution.


Osteoporosis is characterized by reduced bone mass and impaired micro-architectural structure, leading to an increased susceptibility to fractures. It is a complex, multifactorial disorder resulting from genetic factors, environmental factors and gene-environment interactions. Currently there are three opinions on the main pathogenesis of primary osteoporosis in traditional Chinese medicine: kidney deficiency, spleen deficiency, and spleen-kidney deficiency, in which disagreement remains. In this paper, the authors combine the modern etiology of osteoporosis to explain scientific connotation of the three opinions, aiming to comprehend the pathogenesis of primary osteoporosis and strengthen the communication between traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, and trying to evaluate the clinical curative effect on osteoporosis.


Abstract. Composite agricultural systems with permanent maize cultivation in the uplands and irrigated rice in the valleys are very common in mountainous southeast Asia. The soil loss and fertility decline of the upland fields is well documented, but little is known about reallocation of these sediments within the landscape. In this study, a turbidity-based linear mixed model was used to quantify sediment inputs, from surface reservoir irrigation water and from direct overland flow, into a paddy area of 13 ha. Simultaneously, the sediment load exported from the rice fields was determined. Mid-infrared spectroscopy was applied to analyze sediment particle size. Our results showed that per year, 64 Mg ha−1 of sediments were imported into paddy fields, of which around 75 % were delivered by irrigation water and the remainder by direct overland flow during rainfall events. Overland flow contributed one-third of the received sandy fraction, while irrigated sediments were predominantly silty. Overall, rice fields were a net sink for sediments, trapping 28 Mg ha−1 a−1 or almost half of total sediment inputs. As paddy outflow consisted almost exclusively of silt- and clay-sized material, 24 Mg ha−1 a−1 of the trapped amount of sediment was estimated to be sandy. Under continued intensive upland maize cultivation, such a sustained input of coarse material could jeopardize paddy soil fertility, puddling capacity and ultimately food security of the inhabitants of these mountainous areas. Preventing direct overland flow from entering the paddy fields, however, could reduce sand inputs by up to 34 %.


ABSTRACT Assembly lines are production flow systems wherein activities are organised around a line consisting of various workstations through which the product flows. At each station, the product is assembled through a subset of operations. The assembly line balancing problem (ALBP) consists of allocating operations between stations to maximise the system efficiency. In this study, a variable-depth local search algorithm is proposed for solving simple assembly line balancing problems (SALBPs), which are the most widely studied versions of the ALBP. Although the state-of-the-art techniques for solving the SALBP consist of exact enumeration-based methods or heuristics, this paper proposes a local search-based heuristic using variable-length sequences that allow the solution space to be efficiently explored. The proposed algorithm improves the best solution known for multiple instances reported in the literature, indicating that its efficiency is comparable to those of the state-of-the-art method for solving the SALBP. Moreover, the characteristics of the instances for which the proposed procedure provides a better solution than previously reported construction procedures are investigated.


In this paper, decisions regarding production in oil exporting countries are studied by means of theoretical analysis and empirical investigation. Under the assumptions of exogenous oil prices and world oil demand, we are able to describe the relationship between oil production levels and changes in the conditions in world oil markets. Intertemporal production decisions by a representative oil producer are modelled by means of a partial equilibrium model. In this theoretical model, oil producers are subject to exogenous shocks in world oil demand and prices. Oil companies can change output levels only by incurring a fixed cost. Results from the simulation of this model show a strong relationship between oil production and changes in world oil consumption. On the contrary, the effects of changes in real oil prices on oil production decisions seem to be much lower. Results from the simulation of the theoretical model are then empirically investigated using time-series econometric techniques. The empirical evidence supports the hypothesis that several oil producing countries are characterized by different responses to changes in world oil demand and in real oil prices. For many countries production rapidly adjusts to changes in consumption whereas responses of oil production to innovations in real oil prices are found to be not statistically significant. In addition, when non-linearities in the relationship between exogenous variables and output levels are allowed for, evidence of asymmetric effects of output levels to shocks in demand levels and oil prices is found.


Two resin formulations were extruded through a single screw extruder, equipped with a single flighted screw, rotating at 10 rpm, at different barrel temperature settings, which resulted in different melt temperatures measured in the adapter zone. The extrudates were subsequently subjected to assessments of the gelation level by three different methods: differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), capillary rheometry (CR), and solvent absorption (SA). The pros and cons of these methods are discussed. It appears that DSC is the most accurate technique for the quantitative determination of the gelation degree (GD), with the drawback that the specimen size is very small. The CR technique, based on measurement of entrance pressure, is also capable of providing reasonable estimates of GD, with some potential inaccuracies as a result of difficulties associated with measurement or assessment of temperature rise. The SA technique provided qualitative assessments of GD in agreement with the other two methods. Ultimate tensile strength, elongation at break, solid density, and color change were also measured and were correlated to melt temperatures and the corresponding GD. Extruded specimens having GDs in the range of 60%–90% possessed satisfactory properties for both resin formulations. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 25:E174–E180, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers


Cracking The Shell of Illusion -- a Brief Theory of Trauma and Dread. Disputes and Ambiguities Regarding Traumatic Memory. Some Effects of psychological Trauma -- a Brief Outline With Particular Reference to The experience of Memory, Memory. What is it? How is it Organized? How Reliable is it? How is it Distorted?. Forgetting and Remembering Trauma. Repression, implicit Memory and Other Forms of Knowing and not Knowing. What Happens to memory in Traumatized States of Mind?. Lessons From Hypnosis and Dissociative identity Disorder. Processing Traumatic Memory -- Psychoanalytic Perspectives on emdr. Freud and Recovered Memories. True and False Narratives in Psychoanalysis. Memory, Reconstruction and Healing. Recollections of Evil Cult. Religious and ritual Abuse. Some Guidelines for Work With Patients With Borderline and dissociative Personality Disorders. Summary of Factors That Many Contribute to misleading or Confabulated. Memories -- With Particular Reference to The psychotherapeutic Context. Concluding Comments. Lessons of Trauma and The debate About Memory. Appendix. Morphic Fields.


Evapotranspiration (ET) is an important component of the surface water cycle. In this study, we analyzed the differences between the estimated ET using the crop coefficients (kc) recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the measured ET with a lysimeter in Loess Plateau spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from 2010 to 2012. Results showed that ET estimated from FAO-recommended crop coefficients (kc-FAO) was significantly overestimated (55%) compared with measured ET by lysimeter. Evapotranspiration was sensitive to the relative available water (Raw), and kc were strongly dependent on drought stress in semiarid area (p < 0.001). Relative available water dependence of kc increased with the decrease in Raw. An improved kc model based on kc-FAO integrating drought stress factor was developed, and then an empirical ET model derived from the kc approach was established based on the Penman–Monteith equation and the improved kc model. The ET data measured by lysimeter from June of 2004 to May of 2005 were used to validate the proposed ET model. The estimated ET showed satisfactory consistency to measured ET with a linear regression coefficient of 1.01. Evapotranspiration modeling performance derived from the improved kc model integrating drought stress factor was superior to that derived by kc-FAO directly in semiarid area.


Fabrication of controlled layered structured thin films with tunable physical properties is an important area of research as thin film technology holds potential for a variety of industrial applications. In the present work, we have demonstrated the process for fabrication of multilayer films of silica and tantalum oxide by Langmuir–Blodgett film fabrication technique and investigated their photocatalytic degradation efficiency for organic dye (Rhodamine B) under UV radiation. The photocatalytic degradation of RhB in presence of SiO2–Ta2O5 exhibited remarkably enhanced photocatalytic activity than pure Ta2O5. This is because of the high separation efficiency of photo-generated electron–hole pair due to the Lewis acidity of silica and the greater contact area between these two layers. The SiO2–Ta2O5 system was optimized for the number of self-assembled layers of silica and tantalum oxide, and it has been found that 10S–15T–10S–15T–10S–15T (where S and T represents SiO2 and Ta2O5 respectively) pattern has been found to have maximum photocatalytic degradation efficiency of 71% (with 18% degradation per unit area of the film) which is 3.5 fold higher than pure Ta2O5 under identical experimental condition. Also, the photocatalytic activity of these films was also proved to be sensitive to the sequence of silica and tantalum oxide layers when the film area of all the samples was kept constant (3.75 cm2). Further analysis confirms that the degradation of dye molecules has been largely promoted by the photo generated holes, rather than the super oxide radical anions.


We present a new de-blocking filter module fully optimised for use on a recently introduced dynamically reconfigurable, instruction cell based architecture. The module consists of a novel combination of standard software transforms alongside architecture specific techniques and aims to reduce reconfiguration overheads and increase utilisation of resources. Our proposed filter outperforms the standard FFMpeg based filter code on the target architecture by 4.5 times.


Time Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH) is one of the access behavior modes defined in the IEEE 802.15.4e standard. It combines time slotted access with multi-channel and channel hopping capabilities, providing predictable latency, energy efficiency, high network capacity, and high communication reliability. In this paper we focus on the formation process of TSCH networks, which relies on the regular advertisement of Enhanced Beacons (EBs). We consider a simple random-based advertisement algorithm, and evaluate its performance, through analysis and simulation, in terms of joining time (i.e., total time taken by a new node to join the network). We found that the joining time depends on a number of factors and, mainly, on the number of channels used for EB advertisement.


(1) The subject of this thesis was the investigation of the dual innervation of the anococcygeus muscle. The rat anococcygeus had previously been shown in vitro to have a motor adrenergic innervation and also an inhibitory nerve response whose transmitter was unknown. (2) The object of the present study was threefold - (a) To determine whether this inhibitory response was due to a nerve pathway distinct from the motor innervation and with a separate spinal origin and if so whether this pathway had a ganglion synapse and so could be considered as part of the autonomic nervous system. (b) To compare the pharmacological properties of the anococcygeus muscle and vas deferens and to determine whether the rate of depletion of noradrenaline by reserpine in these two tissues was affected by nerve stimulation. (c) To compare the properties of the anococcygeus muscles from the cat and the rat in order to find whether the dual innervation found in the rat was represented in this further species and if so whether this comparison would throw any more light on the nature of the inhibitory response. (3) Using a pithed rat preparation permitting selective stimulation of the autonomic spinal outflows, it was shown that the inhibitory pathway to the anococcygeus muscles arose from the spinal canal, that it was interrupted by a ganglion synapse and that the spinal origin of its preganglionic nerves was L5 - S2 as opposed to T10 - L3 for the preganglionic nerves in the motor pathway. (4) Using this same preparation, the pharmacological properties of the motor nerves to the anococcygeus were examined in situ and compared with those of the vas deferens. This comparison demonstrated that the pharmacological properties of the anococcygeus motor innervation were those of a classical adrenergic innervation whereas the vas deferens showed responses which were in themselves complex and showed unconventional responses to drugs. A hypothesis is suggested to explain this unconventional nature of the vas deferens response. (5) An analysis of the dose dependence and time course of the depletion of tissue noradrenaline by reserpine showed that the rat anococcygeus and vas deferens were depleted to a similar extent and at a similar rate and that this was slower than that found in the heart. Increase in sympathetic nerve activity by spinal stimulation in pithed rats significantly increased the noradrenaline depletion in both anococcygeus and vas deferens. From this it is suggested that nerve impulse traffic may be an important factor in determining the rate of depletion of noradrenaline by reserpine and in the vas deferens may explain the apparent resistance to depletion. (6) The cat anococcygeus muscle was investigated in vitro and shown to possess a dual innervation similar to that in the rat. Due to the presence of intrinsic tone, both motor and inhibitory nerve responses could be demonstrated in the absence of blocking drugs and their interaction studied. The pharmacological properties of the cat anococcygeus were similar to those of the rat except that several substances relaxed the cat muscle which contracted the rat including acetylcholine, isoprenaline, prostaglandins and ATP. These substances were therefore assessed as possible inhibitory transmitters but further analysis with blocking drugs suggested that the relaxations produced by these drugs were different from that produced by the inhibitory nerves. The inhibitory effect of acetylcholine on the cat muscle was particularly interesting since it inhibited motor nerve responses as well as relaxing the muscle. Several substances not normally associated with release of noradrenaline from nerves, including guanethidine, cocaine LSD and 5HT produced indirect sympathomimetic effects in both species. (7) It is concluded that the anococcygeus muscle receives a dual innervation consisting of a motor adrenergic pathway originating from the lower thoracic and upper lumbar cord and a separate inhibitory pathway with its preganglionic fibres originating from the lower lumbar and upper sacral region of the vertebral column. This dual innervation is found in both the rat and cat anococcygeus but in neither species does the inhibitory pathway appear to be adrenergic, cholinergic or purinergic and the transmitter remains unknown.


Clinical and epidemiological studies have shown that estrogen may be involved in the development and progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) is a novel seven-transmembrane estrogen receptor that functions alongside traditional nuclear estrogen receptors (ERs) to regulate the cellular responses to estrogen. The purpose of this study was to examine GPER1, EGFR and CXCR1 expression in PTC and to assess the association of their expression with clinicopathological indicators. GPER1, EGFR and CXCR1 protein expression in 129 PTCs, 61 nodular hyperplasia and 118 normal thyroid tissue specimens were analyzed using immunohistochemistry. The protein expression levels of these three molecules were up-regulated in PTCs. High protein expression of GPER1, EGFR and CXCR1 was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (LNM) (P ≤ 0.001). Furthermore, GPER1, EGFR and CXCR1 protein expression were correlated with one another. Concomitant high expression of these molecules had stronger correlation with LNM than did each alone (P = 0.002 for GPER1/EGFR, P = 0.013 for GPER1/CXCR1, P = 0.018 for EGFR/CXCR1 and P < 0.001 for GPER1/EGFR/CXCR1). Additionally, GPER1, EGFR and CXCR1 mRNA expression was assessed in 30 PTCs, 10 nodular hyperplasia and 10 normal thyroid tissue specimens using real-time RT-PCR. GPER1, EGFR and CXCR1 mRNA expression levels were up-regulated in PTCs, and high mRNA expression of GPER1, EGFR and CXCR1 was significantly correlated with LNM (P < 0.001 for all these three molecules). These results demonstrated that the evaluation of GPER1, EGFR and CXCR1 expression in PTC may be useful in predicting the risk of LNM.


The identification of alternatives to the Lithium-ion battery architecture remains a crucial priority in the diversification of energy storage technologies. Accompanied by the low reduction potential of Ca2+/Ca, –2.87 V vs. SHE, metal-anode-based rechargeable Calcium (Ca) batteries appear competitive in terms of energy densities. However, the development of Ca-batteries lacks high-energy density intercalation cathode materials. Using first-principles methodologies, we screen a large chemical space for potential Cabased cathode chemistries, with composition of CaiTMjZk, where TM is a 1st or 2nd row transition metal and Z is oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium. 10 materials are selected and their Ca intercalation properties are investigated. We identify two previously unreported promising electrode compositions: the post-spinel CaV2O4 and the 1 ar X iv :2 10 7. 01 36 5v 1 [ co nd -m at .m tr lsc i] 3 J ul 2 02 1 layered CaNb2O4, with Ca migration barriers of ∼654 meV and ∼785 meV, respectively. Finally, we analyse the geometrical features of the Ca migration pathways across the 10 materials studied and provide an updated set of design rules for the identification of good ionic conductors, especially with large mobile cations.


This paper explores the question of effectiveness of knowledge transfer processes in Water Operator Partnerships (WOP). Increasing funds are allocated to the promotion and implementation of WOP projects, conceived as a strong approach to strengthening the capacity of water operators in developing countries. They are considered particularly useful for the transfer of tacit knowledge, crucial to support locally owned change. Despite the great promotional efforts there is very little known on how they function. This work aims at shedding light on the knowledge transfer activities in WOPs by analysing two WOP projects through the lenses of tested knowledge management theories. The findings show how in both cases there is an alignment between methods used and type of knowledge to be transferred, as well as a predominance of methods allowing for the transfer of tacit knowledge. However, despite both projects applying the same methods, the degree of knowledge integration into the local operator's working routines greatly differs, which calls for attention to other relevant factors beyond KT methods if effective KT is to be realised.


The color research has much interest in exploring emotional responses to color stimuli, which are referred to as color emotions. In general, color emotions are measured through psychological methods and represented as values on rating scales. For further understanding of color emotions and development of their effective application, conceptual structure of color emotions and rating scales need to be shared among various disciplinary fields. One typical approach in sharing such knowledge is to clarify concepts as an ontology. In this paper, we specified color emotions based on psychological attributes and built an ontology with an ontology development environment Hozo and a top-level ontology YAMATO. As a result, our ontology describes 16 psychological attributes which are measured by rating scales on the basis of a concept of human awareness. Approximately 74.7 percent of instances of the psychological attributes, which are frequently used in articles on measurement of color emotions, are accounted by the 16 psychological attributes. By adding descriptions of psychological attributes which are infrequently used and have not been fully elucidate in the color research, our ontology would increase utility for knowledge sharing and be feasible in prompting scientific and engineered approaches to understand human mind.


Studies carried out on camel milk showed that during coagulation only flocs could be obtained with no firm coagulum. The objective of this study was therefore to improve camel milk coagulum formation through addition of stabilizers and evaluate how stabilized fermented camel milks compares with the fermented cow milks. Samples for the study were pooled fresh camel milk and pooled fresh cow milk. The treatments for the tests were; camel milk, camel milk with 0.4 % gelatin, camel milk with 0.8 % gelatin, camel milk with 2 % corn starch, camel milk with 0.8 % gelatin combined with 2 % corn starch and cow milk. Samples for coagulum formation tests were acidified with 1.6 % Gluco-δ-lactone (GDL) and incubated at 25 °C for 24 hours and those for consumer preference tests were inoculated with 3 % yoghurt starter culture and 3 % mesophilic starter culture for yoghurt and mesophilic fermented milks respectively. The responses were; acid development in pH, product flow in seconds for viscosity and degree of syneresis (whey separation) in ml for coagulum formation tests and degree of consumer preference in hedonic rating scales for consumer preference test. The study established that the viscosity and the rate of syneresis of the milk gels are significantly different at (p ≤ 0.05), with the cow milk having the highest viscosity followed by the camel milk stabilized with gelatin and starch. On the rate of syneresis, camel milk stabilized with gelatin and starch exhibited the lowest rate of syneresis. Consumer preference test on yoghurt showed that there was no significant difference at (p ≤ 0.05), in preference between yoghurt from camel milk stabilized with gelatin and starch and yoghurt from cow milk. The consumer preference for mesophilic fermented milks was found to be significantly different at (p ≤ ≤ ≤ ≤ 0.05).


Background: Whilst research has documented the physical and psychological burden of advanced prostate cancer, there has been limited exploration of approaches to well-being. This study explored men with advanced prostate cancers' practices for promoting and maintaining emotional well-being. Methods: Semi-structured, in-depth interviews with five men with advanced prostate cancer from around the UK. Transcripts were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Findings: Within narratives of lost and regained well-being, two super-ordinate themes emerged: 'living with an imminent and uncertain death' and 'strategies to manage living with death and uncertainty.' Well-being was threatened by reduced sense of the future, isolation and uncertainty. Yet the men pursued well-being by managing their emotions, striving for the future whilst enjoying life in the present, taking care of their families and renegotiating purpose. Discussion: Practitioners could encourage men with advanced prostate cancer to explore their own existing resilience and coping strategies. In particular, sense of purpose, social connectedness and life-engagement were revealed as concepts central to improving well-being. Additionally participants sought to take action and problem-solve, pointing to the relevance of CBT-based interventions for this population.


Sharia is by now a term that most Americans and Europeans recognize, though few really understand what it means. Often portrayed as a medieval system used by religious zealots to oppress women and deny human rights, conservative politicians, media commentators, and hardline televangelists stoke fear by promoting the idea that Muslims want to impose a repressive Sharia rule in America and Europe. Despite the breadth of this propaganda, a majority of Muslims-men and women-support Sharia as a source of law. In fact, for many centuries Sharia has functioned for Muslims as a positive source of guidance, providing a moral compass for individuals and society. This critical new book by John L. Esposito and Natana Delong-Bas aims to serve as a guide for what everybody needs to know in the conversation about Sharia, responding to misunderstandings and distortions, and offering answers to questions about the origin, nature, and content of Sharia.


A series of amorphous REScO3 films was deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) using rare earth (RE) β-diketonate precursors RE(thd)3 (thd = 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato) together with ozone in an attempt to study the effect of the RE3+ cation size on various film properties. A clear correlation between the deposition rate and the RE3+ cation radius was established. REScO3 films with a metal ratio RE : Sc close to the stoichiometric one, viz. RE : Sc = 1, and a small excess of oxygen were realized by adjusting the metal precursor pulsing ratio. Small amount of carbon was found as impurity in all the films, concentrations varying from 1–3 at% (RE = La, Gd or Dy) to 0.4–0.5 at% (RE = Er or Lu). Also the crystallization temperature and the resulting phase were affected by the RE3+ cation size. The REScO3 films were found to crystallize either as an orthorhombic perovskite phase or as a solid solution of the cubic C-type oxides. High crystallization temperatures of 800–900 °C were observed for LaScO3, GdScO3 and DyScO3. All the films gave smooth C–V curves with very small hysteresis (typically <35 mV). The highest dielectric constant (κ ≈ 24) was found for DyScO3. Also the leakage current densities were small, typically in a range of 10−6–10−9 A cm−2 at 1 V. The results confirm that REScO3 films deposited by ALD are potential candidates for new generation high-κ gate dielectrics.


We view disentanglement learning as discovering an underlying structure that equivariantly reflects the factorized variations shown in data. Traditionally, such a structure is fixed to be a vector space with data variations represented by translations along individual latent dimensions. We argue this simple structure is suboptimal since it requires the model to learn to discard the properties (e.g. different scales of changes, different levels of abstractness) of data variations, which is an extra work than equivariance learning. Instead, we propose to encode the data variations with groups, a structure not only can equivariantly represent variations, but can also be adaptively optimized to preserve the properties of data variations. Considering it is hard to conduct training on group structures, we focus on Lie groups and adopt a parameterization using Lie algebra. Based on the parameterization, some disentanglement learning constraints are naturally derived. A simple model named Commutative Lie Group VAE is introduced to realize the group-based disentanglement learning. Experiments show that our model can effectively learn disentangled representations without supervision, and can achieve state-of-the-art performance without extra constraints.


The socio-economic impacts of COVID-19 on society have yet to be truly revealed; there is no doubt that the pandemic has severely affected the daily lives of most of humanity. It is to be expected that the research activities of scientists could be impacted to varying degrees, but no data exist on how COVID-19 has affected research specifically. Here, we show that the still ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has already diversely and negatively affected bee research at a global level. An online survey disseminated through the global COLOSS honey bee research association showed that every participant (n = 230 from 56 countries) reported an impact on one or more of their activities. Activities that require travelling or the physical presence of people (meetings and conferences, teaching and extension) were affected the most, but also laboratory and field activities, daily operations, supervision and other activities were affected to varying degrees. Since the basic activities are very similar for many research fields, it appears as if our findings for bee research can be extrapolated to other fields. In the light of our data, we recommend that stakeholders such as governments and funding bodies who support research should facilitate the wide implementation of web-based information technology required for efficient online communication for research and education, as well as adequately loosened restriction measures with respect to field and laboratory work. Finally, increased flexibility in administration and extension of research grants and fellowships seem to be needed. It is apparent that adequate responses by all stakeholders are required to limit the impact of COVID-19 and future pandemics on bee science and other research fields.


AbstractOBJECTIVE: To review three commonly performed skin biopsy procedures: shave, punch, and excision.
 DATA SOURCES: English-language articles identified through a MEDLINE search (1966–1997) using the MeSH headings skin and biopsy, major dermatology and primary care textbooks, and cross-references.
 STUDY SELECTION: Articles that reviewed the indications, contraindications, choice of procedure, surgical technique, specimen handling, and wound care.
 DATA EXTRACTION: Information was manually extracted from all selected articles and texts; emphasis was placed on information relevant to internal medicine physicians who want to learn skin biopsy techniques.
 DATA SYNTHESIS: Shave biopsies require the least experience and time but are are limited to superficial, nonpigmented lesions. Punch biopsies are simple to perform, have few complications, and if small, can heal without suturing. Closing the wound with unbraided nylon on a C-17 needle will enhance the cosmetic result but requires more expertise and time. Elliptical excisions are ideal for removing large or deep lesions, provide abundant material for many studies, and can be curative for a number of conditions, but require the greatest amount of time, expertise, and office resources. Elliptical excisions can be closed with unbraided nylon using a CE-3 or FS-3 needle in thick skin or a P-3 needle on the face. All specimens should be submitted in a labeled container with a brief clinical description and working diagnosis.
 CONCLUSIONS: Skin biopsies are an essential technique in the management of skin diseases and can enhance the dermatologic care rendered by internists.


In this letter, we analyze the physical layer secrecy throughput in wireless fading networks with independent eavesdroppers that do not collude. We study the impacts of the total number of eavesdroppers on the secrecy throughput. In addition, we propose two channel-adaptive transmission policies for improving the secrecy throughput. The proposed transmission policies have low computational complexity and therefore are feasible in practice. We use analytical results and simulation results to justify the usage of the proposed schemes.


An important but understudied issue in the study of organisational sensemaking concerns how power and politics influence sensemaking processes, specifically the political struggles immanent in collective processes of meaning construction and organising. When people are located at different areas and levels in the organisational hierarchy and they draw on different experiences and areas of knowledge, they often develop conflicting interpretations, which may compete for legitimacy. To capture the dimension of power in sensemaking, we combine the sensemaking perspective with a poststructuralist feminist conception of power, as this allows us to explore the mechanisms through which some sensemaking becomes legitimate whereas others remain marginalised. We specifically explore the ideological resources that shape the terrain within which a diverse workforce interpret, enact and emotionally experience diversity management in a local branch of a global retail chain store. The study used in-depth interviews and participant observations to provide insight into the complex mechanisms that are employed to control the definition of a specific situation, mapping out a hierarchical system of dominant, hidden and forbidden sensemaking of diversity management. The article concludes that the political processes of sensemaking deeply implicate emotions as a central force that facilitates the ongoing reproduction of social order. Our study, therefore, highlights the need to conceive of sensemaking, power and emotions as a complex nexus of the micro-political practices in which certain terrains of action unfold, allowing collective organising to occur.


A retrospective study of 412 consecutive hospital admissions of patients with collagen vascular disease yielded 63 patients who were admitted for abdominal complaints. Of these 63 patients, 11 died during their admission of primary intra-abdominal pathology or a complication thereof. A significantly higher incidence of abdominal complications occurred in black women (P less than 0.01). Peritoneal signs invariably were lacking in patients who eventually died. Radiographic documentation of small bowel obstruction or gastroduodenal ulceration in these patients was particularly ominous. Rapid radiologic evaluation and early surgical intervention including diagnostic peritoneal lavage should decrease the mortality rate for these difficult patients.


In this paper I discuss three empirical generalizations about local scenarios: (i) four different realization strategies found cross-linguistically, (ii) an asymmetry in the number of arguments encoded on the verb in languages with person hierarchy-effects in non-local scenarios and (iii) the fact that person portmanteaux are particularly prominent in local scenarios. I claim that all three generalizations can be derived if Agree is relativized to target only positively valued person features on a goal. (ii) falls out directly from the Agree mechanism. (i) is a purely morphological phenomenon arising from the specification of local person exponents. Person portmanteaux are analyzed as inclusive markers in a derived inclusive context. Such a context can only emerge in local scenarios, which derives (iii). In general, the paper addresses the question how morphological theories that rely on discrete slots can handle portmanteaux by vocabulary insertion, without additional mechanisms like e.g. fusion. Keywords: Agree; relativized probing; person agreement; local scenarios; portmanteau morphemes; hierarchy effects; underspecification


Purpose: Regular daily exercise is recognized as important in patients with heart failure (HF). The use of exergames (games to improve physical exercise) might be an encouragement for HF patients, especially for people who may be reluctant to engage in more traditional forms of exercise. It is known that participation motives are important factors in able to become more physical active. Therefore the purpose of this study is to examine gender differences in participation motives before access to an exergame computer and the exercise motives after access to an exergame computer at home.Methods: The Wii was installed in the home of HF patients for a period of 12 weeks and patients were instructed to exergame 20 minutes a day (e.g. virtual bowling or tennis). Patients completed a questionnaire on baseline and 12 weeks which included the exercise motivation index (EMI), which measured participation motives. The EMI consists of 15 statements; each statement is followed by a five-point verbal rating from 0 (not important) to 4 (extremely important). Chi-square test was performed to look in gender in participation motives of the EMI and the ESE. P-values<.05 was considered significant.Results: Thirty-two HF patients (age 64 ± 14, 10 female) were included. The exercise motives which scored important or extremely important on baseline were: 'I want to be in better shape so that my clothes sit better', 'I want the ageing process to slow down and feel younger', 'Exercise increases my overall well-being' and 'I want to be healthier and live longer'. After 12 weeks access to the Nintendo Wii only the participation motive: 'I want to be healthier and perhaps life longer' scored important or extremely inportant. Gender differences were found in participation motives at baseline. Female patients significant agreed more on 6 participation motives compared to men: I want to be in better shape so my clothes fit better (3 vs 1), I am proud of myself when I exercise regularly (3 vs 1), I want to look good (2 vs. 1), I want to be as active as my family and my friends (2 vs 1), I feel successful when I am on better shape (3 vs 1) and I want to feel less physical vulnerable (3 vs 1). At 12 weeks there were fewer differences in participation motives. Difference were found where women agreed more on 2 participation motives than men: I want to be as active as my family and my friends (2 vs 1) and People who are in good shape will be admired, I want to be admired too (2 vs 1).Conclusion: This study shows gender differences in the participation motives in becoming physical active and exergaming. Women have more participation motives than men. After 12 weeks access to the Nintendo Wii we found less difference in the participation motives between men and women. Gender differences in participation motives in exergaming were due to social facilitation and I want to be admired, where women agreed more than men.


To meet the increasing global demand for soybeans for food and feed consumption, new high-yield varieties with improved quality traits are needed. To ensure the safety of the crop, it is important to determine the variation in seed proteins along with unintended changes that may occur in the crop as a result various stress stimuli, breeding, and genetic modification. Understanding the variation of seed proteins in the wild and cultivated soybean cultivars is useful for determining unintended protein expression in new varieties of soybeans. Proteomic technology is useful to analyze protein variation due to various stimuli. This short review discusses transgenic soybeans, different soybean proteins, and the approaches used for protein analysis. The characterization of soybean protein will be useful for researchers, nutrition professionals, and regulatory agencies dealing with soy-derived food products.


The human single-stranded DNA-binding replication A protein (RPA) is involved in various DNA-processing events. By comparing the affinity of hRPA for artificial DNA hairpin structures with 3'- or 5'-protruding single-stranded arms, we found that hRPA binds ssDNA with a defined polarity; a strong ssDNA interaction domain of hRPA is positioned at the 5' side of its binding region, a weak ssDNA-binding domain resides at the 3' side. Polarity appears crucial for positioning of the excision repair nucleases XPG and ERCC1-XPF on the DNA. With the 3'-oriented side of hRPA facing a duplex ssDNA junction, hRPA interacts with and stimulates ERCC1-XPF, whereas the 5'-oriented side of hRPA at a DNA junction allows stable binding of XPG to hRPA. Our data pinpoint hRPA to the undamaged strand during nucleotide excision repair. Polarity of hRPA on ssDNA is likely to contribute to the directionality of other hRPA-dependent processes as well.


The Autonomous Warrior Transport On‐base (AWTO) pilot project is an Applied Robotics for Installations and Base Operations (ARIBO) project that addresses the real‐world needs of the Warrior Transition Battalion at Fort Bragg. Soldiers in this battalion, some of whom have mobility difficulties, often require transportation assistance from the barracks to the Womack Army Medical Center. TARDEC and Robotic Research are utilizing robotic technology to provide an unmanned transport system equipped with a reservation/reminder system for these soldiers and caretakers. As a result, we are combining operational value and experimentation, creating a practical‐to‐tactical strategy that leverages existing autonomy R&D programs to build on increasingly complex operational scenarios.


In this paper we present a real-world application (the first of its kind) of machine listening in the context of a live concert in a world-famous concert hall - the Concertgebouw in Amsterdam. A real-time music tracking algorithm listens to the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra performing Richard Strauss' Alpensinfonie and follows the progress in the sheet music, i.e., continuously tracks the most likely position of the live music in the printed score. This information, in turn, is used to enrich the concert experience for members of the audience by streaming synchronised visual content (the sheet music, explanatory text and videos) onto tablet computers in the concert hall. The main focus of this paper is on the challenges involved in tracking live orchestral music, i.e., how to deal with heavily polyphonic music, how to prepare the data needed, and how to achieve the necessary robustness and precision.


States negotiate over the specific terms of multilateral treaties because those terms determine states' willingness to ratify the treaty. In some cases, a state might decline to ratify a treaty it otherwise supports because specific terms are too far from those it prefers. States and inter-governmental organizations negotiating treaties would like to uncover the minimal terms needed to secure the ratification of key states, but under what circumstances will those states candidly reveal those terms? Using a spatial representation of the issues in a treaty negotiation, we use mechanism design to determine what information states will reveal in a treaty negotiation. We find that states are willing to reveal how they would like tradeoffs between different issues to be resolved but not the minimal terms they require for ratification. Further, negotiations cannot always separate types that need concessions to ratify from other types that would like concessions but would ratify the treaty even if they do not receive them. These findings provide insight into how treaty negotiations can succeed or fail, and they lay the theoretical groundwork for a new line of empirical research on how multilateral treaties are negotiated.


Toroidicity-induced drift modes are investigated in the collisionless regime. Ion magnetic drift resonant effects are fully retained, also in the ion sound contribution. It is shown that the modes with the least number of nodes between turning points are localized at the outside of the torus within the poloidal interval (- pi , pi ). They are marginally stable and their amplitudes vanish before the magnetic drift resonance is actually reached. Any inverse dissipation will destabilize the lowest even mode. Here, the destabilization due to inverse Landau damping of circulating electrons is investigated. The non-adiabatic response of trapped electrons causes a decrease of the mode frequency. For normal Tokamak parameters, the maximum growth rate is a few times 10-2 omega * and occurs at kperpendicular to rho i<or=0.35 where Re omega <or=0.5 omega *.


Objective To determine the effects of 10 years of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) in adult patients with Pompe disease, focusing on individual variability in treatment response. Methods In this prospective, multicenter cohort study, we studied 30 patients from the Netherlands and France who had started ERT during the only randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial with ERT in late-onset Pompe disease (NCT00158600) or its extension (NCT00455195) in 2005 to 2008. Main outcomes were walking ability (6-minute walk test [6MWT]), muscle strength (manual muscle testing using Medical Research Council [MRC] grading), and pulmonary function (forced vital capacity [FVC] in the upright and supine positions), assessed at 3- to 6-month intervals before and after the start of ERT. Data were analyzed with linear mixed-effects models for repeated measurements. Results Median follow-up duration on ERT was 9.8 years (interquartile range [IQR] 8.3–10.2 years). At the group level, baseline 6MWT was 49% of predicted (IQR 41%–60%) and had deteriorated by 22.2 percentage points (pp) at the 10-year treatment point (p < 0.001). Baseline FVC upright was 54% of predicted (IQR 47%–68%) and decreased by 11 pp over 10 years (p < 0.001). Effects of ERT on MRC sum score and FVC supine were similar. At the individual level, 93% of patients had initial benefit of ERT. Depending on the outcome measured, 35% to 63% of patients had a secondary decline after ≈3 to 5 years. Still, at 10 years of ERT, 52% had equal or better 6MWT and/or FVC upright compared to baseline. Conclusions The majority of patients with Pompe disease benefit from long-term ERT, but many patients experience some secondary decline after ≈3 to 5 years. Individual variation, however, is considerable. Classification of evidence This study provides Class IV evidence that for the majority of adults with Pompe disease, long-term ERT positively affects, or slows deterioration in, muscle strength, walking ability, and/or pulmonary function.


Algorithms for NP-complete problems often have different strengths andweaknesses, and thus algorithm portfolios often outperform individualalgorithms. It is surprisingly difficult to quantify a component algorithm's contributionto such a portfolio. Reporting a component's standalone performance wronglyrewards near-clones while penalizing algorithms that have small but distinctareas of strength. Measuring a component's marginal contribution to an existingportfolio is better, but penalizes sets of strongly correlated algorithms,thereby obscuring situations in which it is essential to have at least onealgorithm from such a set. This paper argues for analyzing component algorithmcontributions via a measure drawn from coalitional game theory---the Shapleyvalue---and yields insight into a research community's progress over time. Weconclude with an application of the analysis we advocate to SAT competitions,yielding novel insights into the behaviour of algorithm portfolios, theircomponents, and the state of SAT solving technology.


Recently researchers have proposed using deep learning-based systems for malware detection. Unfortunately, all deep learning classification systems are vulnerable to adversarial attacks. Previous work has studied adversarial attacks against static analysis-based malware classifiers which only classify the content of the unknown file without execution. However, since the majority of malware is either packed or encrypted, malware classification based on static analysis often fails to detect these types of files. To overcome this limitation, anti-malware companies typically perform dynamic analysis by emulating each file in the anti-malware engine or performing in-depth scanning in a virtual machine. These strategies allow the analysis of the malware after unpacking or decryption. In this work, we study different strategies of crafting adversarial samples for dynamic analysis. These strategies operate on sparse, binary inputs in contrast to continuous inputs such as pixels in images. We then study the effects of two, previously proposed defensive mechanisms against crafted adversarial samples including the distillation and ensemble defenses. We also propose and evaluate the weight decay defense. Experiments show that with these three defensive strategies, the number of successfully crafted adversarial samples is reduced compared to a standard baseline system without any defenses. In particular, the ensemble defense is the most resilient to adversarial attacks. Importantly, none of the defenses significantly reduce the classification accuracy for detecting malware. Finally, we demonstrate that while adding additional hidden layers to neural models does not significantly improve the malware classification accuracy, it does significantly increase the classifier's robustness to adversarial attacks.


This study addresses the usefulness of the throat culture in a family practice residency setting and explores the following questions: (1) Do faculty physicians clinically identify streptococcal pharyngitis better than residents? (2) With time, will residents and faculty physicians improve in their diagnostic accuracy? (3) Should the throat culture be used always, selectively, or never? A total of 3,982 throat cultures were obtained over a five-year study period with 16 percent positive for beta-hemolytic streptococci. The results were compared with the physician's clinical diagnosis of either "nonstreptococcal" (category A) or "streptococcal" (category B). Within category A, 363 of 3,023 patients had positive cultures (12 percent clinical diagnostic error rate). Within category B, 665 of 959 patients had negative cultures (69 percent clinical diagnostic error rate). Faculty were significantly better than residents in diagnosing streptococcal pharyngitis, but not in diagnosing nonstreptococcal sore throats. Neither faculty nor residents improved their diagnostic accuracy over time. Regarding age-specific recommendations, the findings support utilizing a throat culture in all children aged 2 to 15 years with sore throat, but in adults only when the physician suspects streptococcal pharyngitis.


Natalizumab is a powerful new therapy with a novel mechanism of action for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. In a randomized, double-blind, Phase III study (the AFFIRM [Natalizumab Safety and Efficacy in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis] study), natalizumab monotherapy 300 mg intravenous every 4 weeks reduced the risk of sustained disability progression by 42% and annualized relapse rate by 68% over 2 years (both p < 0.001 versus placebo). Natalizumab was approved in the US in November 2004 for the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis, but was voluntarily withdrawn in February 2005 due to three cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Following a safety evaluation and regulatory review, the US FDA approved natalizumab as monotherapy for the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis in June 2006 generally for patients who have had an inadequate response to, or are unable to tolerate, alternative treatments.


Plasma spraying process was carried out to prepare NiCoCrAlY bonding coating and Al2O3-13%TiO2 ceramic coating on AZ91D magnesium alloy by orthogonal experiments. The microstructural characteristics and properties of coating were investigated by SEM,tests of tensile, electrochemical method and weight loss. The results reveal that spraying power is the most important processing parameter to affect the bonding strength of the coating. The corrosion resistance of magnesium alloy is remarkably improved by plasma-sprayed NiCoCrAlY/(Al2O3-13%TiO2) coatings, especially when the coatings were sealed with epoxy resin.


Disclosing a child's epilepsy to others external to the nuclear family presents a salient challenge for children with epilepsy (CWE) and their parents. However, a systematic review revealed that empirical evidence regarding how such populations experience epilepsy disclosure is limited. The core contribution this study makes is the explication of CWE's and parents' epilepsy disclosure behaviours and experiences, and the elucidation of the relationships between CWE's and parents' epilepsy disclosure behaviours and demographic/clinical characteristics,
psychosocial wellbeing and illness attitudes. This mixed methods study involved two phases: 1) semi-structured interviews with CWE (n=29) and their parents (n=34); and 2) a cross-sectional survey of 72 parents and 47 CWE. Findings revealed that CWE and their parents adopt varying disclosure management strategies, ranging from voluntary disclosure to concealment. CWE and their parents identified many barriers to and enablers of disclosure, including: the desire for normalcy; others' reactions; the condition's invisibility; media coverage of epilepsy; emotional
responses to the diagnosis; the complexity of epilepsy; self, other and public perceptions of, and attitudes towards epilepsy; and seizure characteristics. Greater concealment amongst CWE and parents was significantly correlated with: 1) CWE reporting greater stigma, and poorer illness attitudes and health-related quality of life; and 2) parents responding negatively to the child's illness, perceiving greater stigma and reporting fewer epilepsy-related interactions with CWE.
This study provides a nuanced understanding of the disclosure process engaged in by CWE and parents, enhancing our knowledge of their disclosure strategies and targets, the content and situational context of their disclosure exchanges, barriers to and enablers of disclosure, and the consequences of disclosure in doing so. Overall, the findings suggest that greater concealment is associated with more negative outcomes for CWE and parents. Interventions to assist CWE and parents to navigate epilepsy disclosure could beneficially impact on their psychosocial wellbeing.


Understanding the genetic bases underlying heterosis is a major issue in maize (Zea mays L.). We extended the North Carolina design III (NCIII) by using three populations of recombinant inbred lines derived from three parental lines belonging to different heterotic pools, crossed with each parental line to obtain nine families of hybrids. A total of 1253 hybrids were evaluated for grain moisture, silking date, plant height, and grain yield. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping was carried out on the six families obtained from crosses to parental lines following the "classical" NCIII method and with a multiparental connected model on the global design, adding the three families obtained from crosses to the nonparental line. Results of the QTL detection highlighted that most of the QTL detected for grain yield displayed apparent overdominance effects and limited differences between heterozygous genotypes, whereas for grain moisture predominance of additive effects was observed. For plant height and silking date results were intermediate. Except for grain yield, most of the QTL identified showed significant additive-by-additive epistatic interactions. High correlation observed between heterosis and the heterozygosity of hybrids at markers confirms the complex genetic basis and the role of dominance in heterosis. An important proportion of QTL detected were located close to the centromeres. We hypothesized that the lower recombination in these regions favors the detection of (i) linked QTL in repulsion phase, leading to apparent overdominance for heterotic traits and (ii) linked QTL in coupling phase, reinforcing apparent additive effects of linked QTL for the other traits.


Offering a unique cross-disciplinary approach to scholarship in law and economics, this much-needed work expounds and critically evaluates all of the major doctrines of Canadian competition policy. The topics addressed, each in a separate chapter, include: Canadian competition policy in an historical context; basic economic concepts; multi-firm conduct; horizontal agreements; the merger review process; predatory pricing and price discrimination; vertical restraints; intra-brand competition; inter-brand competition; abuse of dominance; competition policy and intellectual property rights; competition policy and trade policy; competition policy and regulated industries; and enforcement. The treatment of each substantive topic is organized first around a discussion of the relevant body (or bodies) of economic theory and then the pertinent bodies of legal doctrine, including case law. Each chapter contains a critique of existing law in light of contemporary economic theory. This is the only book available that offers an up-to-date integrated analysis of economic theory and legal doctrine in the context of Canadian competition policy.


Technological, demographic, and competitive changes in distance education (DE) pose complex leadership and strategic issues for community colleges. Leaders must establish institutional and academic objectives, develop financial and technological strategies, and organize, market, and evaluate DE initiatives. Their objectives and strategies should anticipate and help shape the developing competitive environment in which their colleges operate. This qualitative case study examined DE administrative and staff leadership roles, organization structures, and strategies at three Midwestern community colleges with expanding DE programs. Leadership teams were small. New roles and organizational structures were evolving, and the colleges were maintaining strong video delivery while developing online courses and programs.


In order to assess the standardization of safety accurately and objectively, this paper establishes the safety evaluation index system for the building construction according to engineering experience. The weight of each index is decided reasonably by the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Based on extension theory, the evaluation matter —element model for evaluation of construction safety is established, and the extensional evaluation method with correlative functions is put forward. Thus, construction safety is systematically evaluated. Finally it verified by project example, the result proves its feasibility.


Prohibited possessor statutes have been a part of American law for decades. Put simply, these laws prohibit any person who has been convicted of a felony from possessing a firearm, a prohibition that lasts for the felon's entire life. The Supreme Court's modern Second Amendment jurisprudence has held that the right to possess a firearm is a fundamental individual right. In light of this new paradigm, the constitutionality of such broad prohibitions must be called into question—despite the eagerness of courts across the country to dismiss such challenges by pointing to a single line in Heller. This Note challenges the constitutionality of modern prohibited possessor laws and asserts that these laws are unconstitutionally overbroad. It then proposes a constitutional framework for analyzing laws that ban firearm possession by felons.


Glycerol residue, frequently known as pitch, is a waste produced from the downstream product of crude glycerine distillation. With the increasing need of pure glycerine in the world, the glycerol residue produced is also increasing. Glycerol residue is a solid waste at room temperature, highly alkaline (pH > 13), corrosive, and categorized as hazardous and poisonous waste. In this research, acetic acid was produced from glycerol residue through the anaerobic fermentation process by using purple non-sulphur photosynthetic bacteria. The purpose of this study was to find out the influence of concentration change of glycerol residue on time and to find out the possibility of glycerol residue to be utilized as acetic acid. In this research, at first 400 g of glycerol residue was diluted with 200 ml of distilled water to change the glycerine phase, from solid to liquid at room temperature, acidified by using hydrochloric acid until pH 2. The top layer formed was fatty acid and triglycerides that should be removed. Meanwhile, the bottom layer was diluted glycerol residue which was then neutralized with caustic soda. To produce acetic acid, glycerol residue with various concentrations, salt, and purple non-sulphur photosynthetic bacteria were put together into a 100 ml bottle which had been previously sterilized, then incubated for four weeks under the light of 40-watt bulb. The result showed that on the 28th day of fermentation, the produced acetic acid were 0.28, 1.85, and 0.2% (w/w) by using glycerine with the concentration of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% (w/w), respectively.


The series consists of 60 boys and 43 girls, aged from 1 to 14 years, mean 4.95 years, whose right (42) or left (61) foot was caught between the bicycle (97) or moped (6) spokes. The skin was involved with ankle sprain, with fracture or without other injuries in 97 children; lateral aspect of the ankle and foot in 65 and heel in 21 patients. The X-rays revealed 10 tibial fractures, 4 fractures of the tibia and fibula, one fracture of the medial malleolus, one of the lateral malleolus and one bimalleolar fracture. Hence an X-ray of the leg should always be taken. Twenty-six patients were treated on the ward, 77 as outpatients. The mean total time of healing in the group as a whole was 25 days and 44 days in patients having a fracture. Heel avulsion injuries caused by the spokes need special attention. The vitality of the crushed and dirty, caudally or medially based skin flap is minimal and very often yields a marginal or total necrosis if primary suture is done.


The temporary artwork encourages passers by to question the world around them and draw their meanings from the piece which simply states, 'No, No, No, No, No'. The text is made from aluminum and LED lights, which create a halo effect and are set onto plywood. It is sited on five archways that form part of a railway viaduct in Hymers Court, next to the Tyne Bridge.

The viaduct is a historic structure dominating the perimeter of the Town Centre and is on a newly created pedestrian route linking the Town Centre to the Gateshead Quays.


jMetal is a Java-based framework for multi-objective optimization with metaheuristics providing, among other features, a wide set of algorithms that are representative of the state-of-the-art. Although it has become a widely used tool in the area, it lacks support for automatic tuning of algorithm parameter settings, which can prevent obtaining accurate Pareto front approximations, especially for inexperienced users. In this paper, we present a first approach to combine jMetal and irace, a package for automatic algorithm configuration; the NSGA-II is chosen as the target algorithm to be tuned. The goal is to facilitate the combined use of both tools to jMetal users to avoid wasting time in adjusting manually the parameters of the algorithms. Our proposal involves the definition of a new algorithm template for evolutionary algorithms, which allows the flexible composition of multi-objective evolutionary algorithms from a set of configurable components, as well as the generation of configuration files for adjusting the algorithm parameters with irace. To validate our approach, NSGA-II is tuned with a benchmark problems and compared with the same algorithm using standard settings, resulting in a new variant that shows a competitive behavior.