ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT This paper presents a design of an UWB downconversion integrated CMOS resistive ring mixer with Linear Voltage Regulator (LVR), to supply required biasing voltages for the mixer section. The designed mixer circuit has been optimized for using in heart rate extraction system with microwave Doppler radar at 2.4GHz frequency. This mixer needs 2 DC bias voltages equal to 0.5 and 1 volts for its best operation. The designed LVR circuit would supply needed bias voltages. This mixer is called UWB and the changes in its necessary bias voltages would result in its weak operation. The design has been implemented in TSMC 0.18µm CMOS technology and simulated by Advanced Design System (ADS) software. Simulation results indicate good operation of regulator and mixer output during input changes.


The popular narrative that the French relationship between the sexes is more emotionally rewarding than its American counterpart has entered into scholarly discourse over the past decades. Promoted by several well-known French feminist scholars, the narrative locates the particularity of the French relationship in its paradoxical structure: women are both equal and not equal to men. Sexual difference lies in the particular, which is subordinate to the universal value of equality. The narrative was most recently revived in the anti-#MeToo manifesto published in Le Monde in January 2018. This article surveys the narrative's history, beginning with French feudal law and tracing it through some of its later iterations to highlight how it has long offered French women a way of performing femininity while exercising power. The emotional investment in this narrative explains why it continues to be accepted among at least some French intellectuals, whereas it is generally rejected by American feminists.


NIKA 2 (New Instrument of Kids Array) is a next generation continuum and polarized instrument successfully installed in October 2015 at the IRAM 30 m telescope on Pico-Veleta (Granada, Spain). NIKA 2 is a high resolution dual-band camera, operating with frequency multiplexed LEKIDs (Lumped Element Kinetic Inductance Detectors) cooled at 100 mK. Dual color images are obtained thanks to the simultaneous readout of a 1020 pixels array at 2 mm and 1140 x 2 pixels arrays at 1.15 mm with a final resolution of 18 and 12 arcsec respectively, and 6.5 arcmin of Field of View (FoV). The two arrays at 1.15 mm allow us to measure the linear polarization of the incoming light. This will place NIKA 2 as an instrument of choice to study the role of magnetic fields in the star formation process. The NIKA experiment, a prototype for NIKA 2 with a reduced number of detectors (about 400 LEKIDs) and FoV (1.8 arcmin), has been successfully operated at the IRAM 30 telescope in several open observational campaigns. The performance of the NIKA 2 polarization setup has been successfully validated with the NIKA prototype.


The kinetic parameters of the limbs of 23 normal, client-owned cats were evaluated by encouraging them to walk and jump normally on a pressure-sensitive walkway. Each cat was encouraged to walk across the walkway five times over a period of 30 to 45 minutes (by using food, toys, the owner's presence and a purpose-built tunnel) at a target speed of 0·6 m/s (and an acceleration of less than ± 0·1 m/s2). They were then encouraged to jump on to the walkway from a height of 1 m five times at five-minute intervals. The kinetic parameters of peak vertical force (pvf) and vertical impulse (vi) were measured for each limb (the forelimbs only for the jumps), and expressed as a percentage of bodyweight (pvf%bw and vi%bw/s). Fifteen of the 23 cats satisfactorily completed three to five walks and two to five jumps that could be analysed. There were no significant differences between the pvf or vi of the left and right limbs, but both parameters were significantly greater for the forelimbs than the hindlimbs (P<0·001) for the walking data. The mean (sd) pvf%bw for the forelimbs and hindlimbs were 48·2 (6·0) and 38·3 (4·0), respectively, and the mean vi%bw/s were 16·9 (3·2) and 13·3 (2·8). Jumping down generated significantly greater pvf (P<0·01) and slightly greater vi than during walking; there were no significant differences between the left and right forelimbs. The mean pvf%bw was 148·9 (16·4) and the mean vi%bw/s was 18·1 (4·3).


Aminobisphosphonates, potent derivatives of bisphosphonates, are frequently used for the treatment of conditions such as osteoporosis and bone metastases that are characterized by excessive osteoclastic bone resorption. Using T-cell receptor (TCR) transfer studies, we show that recognition of antigenic aminobisphosphonates that are known to stimulate human gammadelta T cells in vitro and in vivo (potency: risedronate > alendronate > pamidronate) requires expression of the Vgamma2Vdelta2 TCR and is thus Vgamma2Vdelta2 TCR-dependent. Myeloma cells or monocytes pulsed with risedronate and then washed rendered these target cells sensitive to lysis by a Vgamma2Vdelta2 T-cell clone or cell line. These results suggest that Vgamma2Vdelta2 TCR-dependent recognition leading to direct cytolysis of aminobisphosphonate-sensitized osteoclast or tumor targets may be a mechanism whereby aminobisphosphonate treatment of cancers metastatic to bone decreases osteoclastic activity and tumor burden and also may account for the decreased osteoclastic activity associated with successful treatment of osteoporosis.


BACKGROUND
 We describe the methodological dimensions of community-based participatory research through a description of study design, youth engagement, and methods/processes in the cocreation of knowledge within a Canadian study, the Bipolar Youth Action Project. This collaborative partnership—carried out by a team composed of academic, community, and youth partners—was designed to investigate self-management and wellness strategies for young adults living with bipolar disorder.

 OBJECTIVE
 The aim is to describe the opportunities and challenges of this collaboration and to reflect upon the process of involving youth with bipolar disorder in health research that concerns them, and share lessons learned.

 METHODS
 The project was conducted in multiple phases over 2 years: (1) grant-writing, with youth contributing to the process; (2) recruitment, in which 12 youth were selected and trained to help shape and conduct two research forums; (3) the first research forum, where more youth were consulted about the strategies they apply to stay well (self-management strategies); (4) data analysis of Forum I findings; (5) research Forum II, which consulted youth with bipolar disorder about knowledge translation of Forum I findings; and (6) data analysis of Forum II findings. Youth peer researchers with bipolar disorder were involved in a significant capacity at every stage in the process.

 RESULTS
 Of the initial 12 youth peer researchers, 7 remained on the project from the recruitment phase until the project ended. They collaborated in the creation of two youth research forums that consulted youth with bipolar disorder on their self-management strategies.

 CONCLUSIONS
 This article shares what was learned from the process of partnering with youth with bipolar disorder in a community-based participatory research study.

 CLINICALTRIAL


Fluxes of nutrients and organic matter between estuaries and the open coast comprise an important component of ecosystem connectivity. Nevertheless, relatively little is known about how oceanographic processes, for example onshore retention of water in the coastal boundary layer, interact with major sinks for particulate organic matter such as bivalve filter feeding within inlets and estuaries. To investigate this interaction, total fluxes of water, nutrients (NH4, NOx and PO4) and chlorophyll a between Waitati Inlet on the wave-exposed coast of the South Island, New Zealand, and the coastal ocean were quantified over 40 tidal cycles. We found de clines in total flux of phytoplankton and increases in flux of NH4 between flood and ebb tides. Net declines in phytoplankton biomass followed a Type II functional response curve, consistent with consumption by the large biomass of filter feeding bivalves within the inlet; however, an asymptote was not reached for the highest concentrations, indicating that feeding was likely limited by exposure time rather than concentration of food relative to biomass. An information–theoretic framework was then used to infer the most likely combination of environmental conditions influencing total fluxes of phytoplankton into the inlet. Onshore wind stress, wave transport and salinity explained 90% of the variation in flux of phytoplankton entering the inlet on flood tides. These results highlight the importance of the interaction between oceanographic forcing and bivalve filter feeding in modulating material dynamics and connectivity between estuaries and the coastal ocean.


The competition in global marketplaces is progressively increasing due to a large number of local players that form the telecom industry. For this reason, it is essential for companies to establish a strong brand image to maintain its position in the market. Vodafone has been one of the fastest growing companies in the world. Nevertheless, it still holds the number two position in the telecom European market and the sixth, in the international sphere. This aspect encourages us to dig into which factors need to be considered to reach the zenith . We have focused on the international online marketing strategies that are used by telecommunication companies to establish and enhance brand image in the global market. With the example of Vodafone, the research concentrates on the intricacies of the relationship between brand image and online marketing strategies in order to enhance brand image internationally, in the context of the global telecom sector. For this purpose, two detailed online surveys were conducted to gather opinion about the effects of online marketing strategies on brand image. It also aims to find the gaps in the online strategies and improve them in order to boost up the brand image of Vodafone.


BACKGROUND
The growth charts currently used in Norway, are based on measurements from the 1970s and 80s. New data are available from the Bergen Growth Study collected in 2003 - 6. In 2006, WHO published international charts for 0-5 year-old children.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
New growth charts based on data from the Bergen Growth Study and the Medical Birth Registry of Norway are presented for children aged 0-19 years. These were compared with existing references and with the WHO curves.

RESULTS
Norwegian children aged 0-4 years have length, height and weight measurements that are only marginally different from those in the Norwegian growth charts in current use. In older children there has been an increase in the 50-percentile for height up to 3.4 cm in boys and 2.5 cm in girls. For children older than four years, weight for height has increased, especially for the upper percentiles. The percentile lines in the new Norwegian reference are generally positioned above the WHO standard for weight at birth, and for length/height, weight and head circumference in the age group 6 months to 5 years.

INTERPRETATION
The secular trends in growth mirror the need for new charts. The fact that Norwegian children differ from the WHO standards may reflect population differences relating to environment or growth potential between the populations.


Certain transition metal complexes can react to break normally inert carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds, but these metal-based processes typically require photochemistry or elevated temperatures. In addition, most are unselective toward complicated functionalized substrates, which has limited their synthetic usefulness. The cationic iridium complex Cp*(P(CH3)3)Ir(CH3)(ClCH2Cl)+BArf− [Cp* = η5-C5(CH3)5, BArf = B(3,5-C6H3(CF3)2)4] can thermally activate methane and terminal alkanes at unprecedentedly mild temperatures (10°C). This complex will also induce C-H activation reactions in various functionalized substrates at ambient temperatures. High steric and electronic selectivity is observed, leading invariably to only one reaction product; the initial C-H activation reaction is typically followed by rapid metal-based rearrangements (that is, functionalization).


Background and objective Laser induced post inflammatory hyperpigmentation PIH, is a complication seen mostly in dark skinned patients, it is not known whether giving the laser treatment at specific menstrual period days, may predispose to PIH. Methods Seven volunteers underwent fixed fractionated CO2 laser treatments at four predetermined days spanning the menstrual cycle. Results Two volunteers developed hypopigmentation while the rest had hyperpigmentation. In those who developed PIH, the pigmentation was most severe when done just before or after menstruation. Conclusions Laser induced PIH risk may be influenced by the menstrual cycle.


With the rapid development of modern industry, more and more high requirements for forging velocity and control precision have been proposed. Because it can not only increase productivity, but also can reduce the loss of the workpiece and save raw materials. Due to some characteristics such as high pressure, large flow, heavy moving inertia and so on, the process control performance of the fast forging hydraulic presses often have difficulty in their coordination between rapidity and stability, large shock during pressure relief and flow relief, low control accuracy and high accident rate. To overcome the negative influence and improve forging press performance, it is important to design forging curve. 22MN fast forging hydraulic press adopts electro-hydraulic proportional control system, the simulation and test results approved that the fast forging hydraulic press has high control accuracy and works stably without shock.


This research paper demonstrates Web services based business process management system, developed to aid marketing of agricultural produce. For achieving relevance to real-life practice, we carefully follow the business process suggested in model act that is planned for implementation in all the Agricultural Produce Marketing Committees (APMC) throughout India. Our proposal exposes various business functionalities explained in the act, in the form of Web services that can also utilize the existing IT infrastructure of the APMCs. With the help of above mentioned and any other external Web services, a trader can execute a complete trading business process. We follow Web service orchestration specifications to achieve our objectives. We also demonstrate a complete business process that is initiated by a farmer with a mobile PDA involving trade of an agricultural produce in the market place.


The "elastic matrix" constitutes a specialized component of the extracellular matrix which confers resiliency to tissues and organs subjected to repeated deformations. The role of the elastic matrix in living organisms appears to be of key importance since diseases characterized by expression of defective inherited genes which encode components of the elastic matrix lead to premature death. While the elastic matrix of adult organs has received a great deal of attention, little is known about when it first appears in embryonic tissues or its possible role in developing organs. In the present study we have performed an immunohistochemical study of the distribution of elastin and three additional components often associated with elastic matrices in adult tissues (i.e., fibrillin, emilin, and type VI collagen) during the development of the chicken embryonic heart. The three‐dimensional arrangement of these components was established through the observation of wholemount specimens with scanning laser confocal microscopy. Our results revealed three different periods of heart development regarding the composition of the elastic matrix. Prior to stage 21 the embryonic heart lacks elastin but exhibits a matrix scaffold of fibrillin and emilin associated with the endocardium and the developing cardiac jelly. Between stages 22 and 29 the heart shows a transient elastic scaffold in the outflow tract which contains elastin, fibrillin, and emilin. Elastin‐positive fibrillar material is also observed during these stages in the base of the atrioventricular cushion adjacent to the myocardial wall. In addition, emilin‐positive material appears to be associated with the zones of formation of ventricular trabeculae. Collagen type VI was not detected during these early stages. From stage 30 to stage 40 a progressive modification of the pattern of distribution of elastin, fibrillin, emilin, and collagen type VI is observed in association with the formation of the definitive four‐chambered heart. The distribution of the elastic scaffold in the outflow tract appears to be rearranged and becomes restricted to the roots of the main arteries. Each of the components studied here is also deposited at increasing levels in the developing valvular apparatus including the valve leaflets and the chordae tendinea. The components are also present in the subendocardial space where they form aligned fibrillar tracts, an arrangement suggestive of a role in ventricular contractile function. The epicardium constitutes an additional region of elastic matrix deposition during these later stages and contains elastic, fibrillin, and collagen type VI. Finally, during the later stages the intramyocardial matrix ("myocardial interstitium") is formed and characterized by an abundance of collagen type VI, emilin, and fibrillin but lacks elastin‐positive material. This study suggests that during cardiac development there is not a fixed composition of the so‐called "elastic matrix." Rather, combinations of the different components of the elastic matrices appear to characterize the matrix associated with specific regions of the embryonic heart and may reflect the different tensile properties required in these regions during development. Possible roles for these specific elastic matrices during heart morphogenesis are discussed. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Advances in Chemical Engineering2009-06-29 The cross-fertilization of physico-chemical and mathematical ideas has a long historical tradition. This volume of Advances in Chemical Engineering is almost completely dedicated to a conference on "Mathematics in Chemical Kinetics and Engineering (MaCKiE-2007), which was held in Houston in February 2007, bringing together about 40 mathematicians, chemists, and chemical engineers from 10 countries to discuss the application and development of mathematical tools in their respective fields. * Updates and informs the reader on the latest research findings using original reviews * Written by leading industry experts and scholars * Reviews and analyzes developments in the field


Purpose: The aim of this paper is to clarify the topic of the transition to circular economy, an expression of the European "Green New Deal", which has several application consequences for the SGEI sector. Approach: The approach consists of examining the European policy framework, the most relevant consequences of the transposition of the 2018 waste directives for the domestic system, the new measures for local authorities and users, and the new "purpose" of the utilities industries based on sharing and environmentally friendly solutions. Findings: The study highlights the need for several practical adjustments in the implementation of circular economy: the necessary technological innovation requirements for industrial production, reforms of the national legal framework, and an inevitable wider cultural evolution. Publications concerning the transition to circular economy in relation to public services of the general economic interest sector are not numerous in law literature. Most of the existing documents and communications are provided by the European Commission and the analyses are based mainly on the guidelines of the new green policy and the specific EU legal framework. Academic contribution to the field and originality/significance/value: The paper adds to existing research focusing mainly on legal studies of the wider consequences for national utility policy and companies' business plans, the role of local public authorities having direct powers that need reforms, and the position of consumers.


Event Causality Identification (ECI) is the task of recognizing causal relationship between events mentioned in texts. Due to its applications, ECI has been explored extensively by the Information Extraction community. However, the existing works are limited to either sentence-level ECI or they employ limited word interactions/structures at document level. As such, we propose a novel and effective method to comprehensively model contextual structures for ECI at three different levels, i.e., syntax, semantics, and background knowledge. Specifically, the contextual structures are integrated at different levels of the input encoder. Structure-aware representations are also combined using the graph transformer architecture to induce richer representations for ECI. We extensively evaluate the proposed model on two different benchmark datasets. The experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed method by establishing new SOTA performance.


Eight patients with a polycystic ovarial syndrome diagnosed endoscopically and endocrinologically were treated by laser incision of the ovaries via laparoscopy. The eight patients were preoperatively Clomiphen-refractory. After the incision, in every case spontaneous menstrual bleeding could be observed. Also in five women ovulation occurred, whilst in three cases, ovulation induction by Clomiphen was carried out successfully. Nevertheless these three patients were immediately after Clomiphen-refractory again. The observation period of the other five patients varied between 4 and 6 months. During this time an ovulation could be confirmed in all of them using basal temperature measurements. Pregnancy has not occurred in any to the present date.


Children are disproportionally affected in violent conflict, are vulnerable to exploitation and lack protection when a state is failing in its responsibility to protect. In the Israeli/Palestinian conflict, children, particularly those living in Gaza, East Jerusalem, parts of the West Bank are not only vulnerable during escalations but are subject to exploitation, detentions and severe security measures. Divisions over culpability have made the local representatives and the international community incapable or unwilling to take collective action to protect this most vulnerable population. Given the divisive international context, are there R 2 P tools that can be used effectively to enhance protection for children and teenagers in the Israeli/Palestinian conflict? The focus on the protection of children demonstrates: Firstly, the need to closely analyse current protection tools particularly under Pillar III of R 2 P , Secondly, the importance to eradicate unintended effects of protection efforts, and finally the potential contribution of focus on children towards reaching a consensus on a protection regime.


This is retrospective study of 103 patients who attended the Emergency Department (ED) at King Hussein Medical Center (KHMC), Amman – Jordan, during the period from 1993-1999. Data was obtained from their files regarding the clinical presentation. The mean age was 13 months with a range of 1 month to 11 years. There were 69 males and 34 females. The main symptom was abdominal pain (49 patients), vomiting (34 patients), abdominal mass (15 patients) while 29 patients presented with shock or dehydration. History of a preceding illness was recorded in 16 patients; of which diarrhoea was the commonest. The latter symptom should alert the clinician regarding the diagnosis which, if made early in the course of the disease, would reduce morbidity.


School bus safety is a community concern because parents expect their children to be transported to and from school safely. However, relatively few studies have been devoted to examining the factors contributing to school bus crashes. In this study, a logistic regression model is used to delineate the factors that contribute to school bus collisions from collisions involving other types of buses. As expected, we find significant differences in crash factors arising from differences in exposure and operating characteristics. Surprisingly, we also find that school bus drivers are more likely to commit driving violations or errors than non-school bus drivers.


INTRODUCTION
Although there is some variability (depending on the definition of postherpetic neuralgia), about 10% of those with zoster will have persisting pain 1 month after the rash.The main risk factor for postherpetic neuralgia is increasing age; it is uncommon in people aged <50 years, but develops in 20% of people aged 60 to 65 years who have had acute herpes zoster, and in >30% of those people aged >80 years. Up to 2% of people with acute herpes zoster may continue to have postherpetic pain for 5 years or more.

METHODS AND OUTCOMES
We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of interventions aimed at preventing herpes zoster and subsequent postherpetic neuralgia? What are the effects of interventions during an acute attack of herpes zoster aimed at preventing postherpetic neuralgia? What are the effects of interventions to relieve established postherpetic neuralgia after the rash has healed? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to December 2009 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically, please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).

RESULTS
We found 41 systematic reviews, RCTs, or observational studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.

CONCLUSIONS
In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: corticosteroids, capsaicin, dextromethorphan, dressings, gabapentin, herpes zoster vaccine, oral antiviral agents, oral opioid analgesics, lidocaine, topical antiviral agents (idoxuridine), and tricyclic antidepressants.


Pressures were simultaneously measured in the variable-density tunnel at 54 orifices distributed over the midspan section of 5 by 30 inch rectangular model of the NACA 4412 airfoil at 17 angles of attack ranging from -20 degrees to 30 degrees at a Reynolds number of approximately 3,000,000. Accurate data were thus obtained for studying the deviations of the results of potential-flow theory from measured results. The results of the analysis and a discussion of the experimental technique are presented.


Because of the physical characteristics of collimator aperture, spatial resolution of single photon emission CT (SPECT) data degrades with increasing source-to-collimator distance. One way to reduce such blurring is to apply a modified filtered backprojection within a limited area defined by the line through the center of rotation parallel to the collimator surface and the surface itself. The feature of this limited-area backprojection method is that processing time is almost as short as that of the conventional filtered backprojection method. In this work, feasibility of the limited-area backprojection method was evaluated for quantitative SPECF with scatter and attenuation compensations. SPECT quantitative measurement was evaluated using a brain phantom in which the specific activity ratio of gray matter to white matter was 4.0. Scatter compensation was performed using the triple energy window (TEW) method. For correcting attenuation in the limited-area backprojection method, a modified iterative Chang method was applied. Chang attenuation map is generated using a line integral of attenuation at each projection within the 180-degree rotation area near collimator surface, and the iterative process is applied to only within the limited area. Results showed that SPECT value ratio of gray matter to white matter with the conventional method was 3.1, while that of the proposed method was 3.8, which was closer to the true ratio (4.0). In the phantom study, the proposed method showed improvement in quantitative measurement, indicating that the proposed method can compensate adequately for image blurring caused by collimator aperture. Since the proposed method requires only a short processing time, the method would be suitable for routine clinical use.


The term 'hidden caries' is used to describe a carious lesion seen in dentine on a bitewing radiograph where clinically the occlusal enamel appears sound or only minimally demineralized. The relative rise in the number of clinically sound occlusal surfaces over the past two decades could be a reason why hidden caries has come into sharper focus for practitioners and researchers. Dentists, routinely examining children who are clinically caries-free, may be shocked to discover a large lesion on a radiograph that they have apparently missed clinically. This underlines the importance of careful examination of the radiograph. It is important that the practitioner appreciates the possibility of hidden caries, and the value of the radiograph in its diagnosis.


Incorporating recent findings by leading Southwest scholars as well as original research, this book takes a fresh new look at the history of Spanish missions in northern Mexico/the American Southwest during the 17th and 18th centuries. Far from a record of heroic missionaries, steadfast soldiers, and colonial administrators, it examines the experiences of the natives brought to live on the missions, and the ways in which the mission program attempted tc change just about every aspect of indigenous life. Emphasizing the effect of the missions on native populations, demographic patterns, economics, and socio-cultural change, this path-breaking work filis a major gap in the history of the Southwest.


Solar cells are critical source of energy and very needed nowadays, the use of solar photovoltaic to generate electricity in terms of solar parks and solar panels on rooftops is growing, those devices that converts sunlight into heat to generate power has achieved greater efficiency than pervious such devices, inkjet solar cells uses now to alternate the pervious types of energy with a clean and cheap one' and flexibility of use, for that nations become very immersive and involved in new technologies can produce it in a quality models, by using a new features of digital printing . The research methodology is the descriptive approach, which is based on describing the innovative techniques used in fabrication of organic solar cells and factors affecting the production process, to increase its productivity, also to study the effect of using it on several organic material with the ability to produce it in new freedom designs that could allow creating solar cells on blinds, in windows, curtains, shade umbrellas, tents and almost everywhere in or outside home.


Objectives: Brain stroke is a leading cause of death without effective treatment. Feronia limonia have potent antioxidant activity and can be proved as neuroprotective against ischemia-reperfusion induced brain injury. Materials and Methods: We studied the effect of methanolic extract of F. limonia fruit (250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg body weight, p.o.) and Vitamin E as reference standard drug on 30 min induced ischemia, followed by reperfusion by testing the neurobehavioral tests such as neurodeficit score, rota rod test, hanging wire test, beam walk test and elevated plus maze. The biochemical parameters, which were measured in animals brain were catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde and nitric oxide in control and treated rats. Results: The methanolic extract of F. limonia fruit (250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg body weight, p.o.) treated groups showed a statistically significant improvement in the neurobehavioral parameters such as motor performance (neurological status, significant increase in grasping ability, forelimb strength improvement in balance and co-ordination). The biochemical parameters in the brains of rats showed a significant reduction in the total nitrite (P < 0.01) and lipid peroxidation (P < 0.01), also a significant enhanced activity of enzymatic antioxidants such as catalase (P < 0.01) and SOD (P < 0.05). Conclusion: These observations suggest the neuroprotective and antioxidant activity of F. limonia and Vitamin E on ischemia reperfusion induced brain injury and may require further evaluation.


Abstract This paper explores the declining trend of fine arts education in secondary schools. We examine mechanisms that may explain this phenomenon on structural levels of policymaking and policy implementation in different areas of the education system. What will be defined as the "selection device" refers to the structurally determined selection of educational content at various policy levels of society. We argue that the choices politicians, principals, students, and parents make are regulated by "nudging" as an underlying principle of the selective device. By presenting students with "rational choice" alternatives, they are gently pressuring them away from selecting arts courses. This redirection is discursively conveyed by schools, but systematically governed by national and international guidelines in which the fine arts have a relatively low status. The declining legitimacy of arts subjects in secondary education can thus be seen as an outcome of policies embedded in the education system. By manipulating the features of the selection device, the transnational movement of the New Right exerts control over educational policy.


Pancreatic cancer is estimated to surpass breast cancer to become the third leading cause of cancer-related death in the USA in 2016. The 5-year overall survival is 7%, and most individuals are diagnosed with advanced disease. Thus, there is a need to improve the early detection of pancreatic cancer in order to detect and improve survival in the same way that mammograms and colonoscopies have improved survival for individuals with breast and colorectal cancer. This chapter discusses the genetics of hereditary pancreatic cancer, the current available screening options, and the use of biomarkers for early detection of pancreatic cancer.


The proliferation of web-based technologies has led most national governments to begin transitioning to a so called "e-service," where provision is made through purely digital means. Despite their obvious benefits for most users, these on-line systems present barriers of access. This research seeks to identify the current information seeking behaviours of English as a second language (ESL) users when performing e-government-related tasks, to ascertain where and why issues arise during this process. Utilising a multi-phase and integrated mixed methods approach, this research investigated how ESL users find information in an e-governmental context, how this differs from native users, and how differences can be supported by the system. The Participatory Design approach identified relevant search task topics, which were utilised during experiments in the second integrated mixed methods phase. Results from the mixed methods phase suggest that success may be less dependent on second language proficiency, but rather the search strategies employed and the fastidiousness of the user in assessing document relevance. There were a number of significant differences identified between ESL and native English participants, but also a number of similarities as both groups were unable to consistently predict when they had not performed particularly well. In light of a solely e-government system, this raises significant concerns about users and the information they rely on to make judgements that can have real world implications. A number of participant recommendations are suggested but one way of mitigating such concerns is to consider the use of system wizards. Performance was high between both groups when this system design was implemented, with positive sentiment (from both groups) towards such a tool as they provide a clear and structured platform to information.


In a funding environment where commercial collaboration and "user engagement" are increasingly encouraged, this paper explores the ethical, political, and methodological challenges of various forms of partnership between academic researchers and food businesses. Drawing on two recently completed projects, the paper assesses the variable "power-geometry" of such partnerships, including the process of negotiating access, securing informed consent, and conducting and disseminating the research. The paper distinguishes between publicly funded academic research, where independence is more easily maintained, and market research and consultancy, where conflicts of interest are more likely to arise. Commercial collaboration is academically valuable in providing access to data and insights that are not publicly available, but can be treacherous if researchers are unaware of the uneven power-geometry of such partnerships.


The taxonomic classification of dwarf mistletoes (Arceuthobium spp., Viscaceae) is complicated due to their reduced morphology, requiring the integration of not only morphology but also phenology, geography, and host relationships. This has been particularly true for the classification of taxa in subgenus Vaginata, section Campylopoda, series Campylopoda. Most of the species in this group have been recently circumscribed in synonymy with or reduced to subspecies of Arceuthobium campylopodum Engelm; however, we contend they deserve separate species recognition. To address this question, we have conducted morphological analyses of the taxa in ser. Campylopoda using univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. Our results have demonstrated that these taxa can be determined to species using morphological data without consideration of geographic location or host specificity; however, the host specialization and geographic distribution exhibited by these taxa also supports their classification as species. Here, we discuss the evidence supporting the specific classification of ser. Campylopoda taxa. This taxonomic framework permits the treatment of several dwarf mistletoe populations with geographically restricted distributions, fewer morphological differences, and specialized host affinities as subspecies of Arceuthobium abietinum (Engelm.) Abrams, Arceuthobium microcarpum (Engelm.) Hawksw. & Wiens, and Arceuthobium tsugense (Rosend.) G.N.Jones. It is also the most practical classification for the management of these economically and ecologically important parasitic plants.


Only few models explain the development of a steady state grain size during dynamic recrystallization, and their microphysical basis is poorly understood. In this study, we investigate mechanical and microstructural data on dry and wet NaCl, deformed at a range of stresses and temperatures at elevated pressure, with the aim to evaluate the different models. The results show that dry NaCl continuously work hardens and shows evidence for recrystallization dominated by progressive subgrain rotation, while the wet material shows, at similar conditions, oscillating stressstrain behaviour and recrystallization dominated by grain boundary migration. Taking into account the distribution of grain size, deformation of wet NaCl is best described by flow laws based on composite grain size sensitive (GSS) solution-precipitation creep and grain size insensitive (GSI) dislocation creep. The recrystallized grain size data in wet NaCl can be modeled with the hypothesis that recrystallized grain size organises itself in the boundary between the GSS and GSS creep domains.


ABSTRACT Ariffin, E.H.; Sedrati, M., Akhir, M.F., Yaacob, R., and Husain, M.L,. 2016. Open Sandy Beach Morphology and Morphodynamic as Response to Seasonal Monsoon in Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. In: Vila-Concejo, A.; Bruce, E.; Kennedy, D.M., and McCarroll, R.J. (eds.), Proceedings of the 14th International Coastal Symposium (Sydney, Australia). Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue, No. 75, pp. 1032 - 1036, Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Understanding beach morphology and morphodynamic changes is important in regions where there is a large amount of recreation and development. Kuala Terengganu beaches has many anthropogenic infastructure such as an extension to an airport runway similar in design to a groin which affect morphology and morphodynamics in response to seasonal monsoon storms. Seasonal monsoon storms are one of the most important controls on the cycle of erosion and accretion on beaches. Beach profile data and wave modelling were used to determine the response of five beaches on the north of Kuala Terengganu to Northeast and Southwest seasonal monsoons. The beaches along the Kuala Terengganu state coast before the construction of the airport extension exhibited a classical morphodynamic response. This includes erosion during Northeast monsoon and accretion/recover during Southwest monsoon. The airport construction disturbed and changed normal coastal evolution. Two distinct sediment cells were generated, each having developed a proper morphodynamic response within the Northeast and Southwest monsoon wave regimes.


Design professionals worldwide have applied the technology of computer-aided design and drafting (CAD) on a broad scale, primarily to increase the efficiency of manual design and drafting methods and to promote standards, rather than to improve the process itself. Even with improvements in the technology, however, errors in design and drafting remain common. Taking the 2-D CAD technology further, the application of three-dimensional integrated parametric modeling of precast buildings at the assembly and piece levels may enable producers to greatly reduce design errors, resulting in significant improvements in project quality, cost, and schedule. An examination of a number of case studies of precast/prestressed concrete projects has revealed that the common causes of construction problems are design, detailing, and drafting errors, a lack of coordination between different disciplines, and inadequate management of changes. An analysis of the cases presented in this paper indicates that the application of 3-D top-down modeling and automated production of shop drawings holds the potential to eliminate most of the sources of error.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Primary effusion lymphomas (PELs) containing Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (human herpesvirus 8/HHV-8) DNA sequences represent a distinct but heterogeneous group of rare non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of null-cell phenotype/B-cell origin. We aimed to describe the clinicopathologic features of two human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related PELs occurring in homosexual men with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS).

DESIGN AND METHODS
Thoracentesis was followed by morphologic plus immunophenotypic studies and molecular analysis of tumor cell DNA by means of combination of polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot analysis.

RESULTS
Patients developed recurrent lymphomatous effusions lacking tissue involvement, in the context of severe immunodepression (CD4 count < 60/microL) and anti-retroviral therapy. The effusions disclosed an immunoblast-like population CD45/CD30+, but B-cell- and T-cell-associated antigen negative, showing clonal immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangements and harbouring HHV-8 DNA sequences. One case contained Epstein-Barr virus genome with no evidence of c-myc, bcl-2 and bcl-6 gene alterations. Both patients had aggressive disease.

INTERPRETATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS
These cases represent additional examples of PEL associated with HHV-8 and confirm that the group of HIV-positive homosexual men may be at highest risk for PEL.


There is less study about the effect of magnesium on characteristics of bearing. In the paper, the bearing steel was modified by three types of Al-Mg alloys. Firstly, the total oxygen content value was measured, and then the inclusion size, shape and chemical composition were analyzed by optical microscopy, SEM and EDX. The results show that, after treated by Al-Mg alloy, the total oxygen content descends remarkably and the alumina inclusion with big size and different shapes transform into spinel with small size and spherical shape. The optimal effect of inclusion modification is acquired after treated by NO. 3 Al-Mg alloy containing 16.55 wt% Mg, most of the inclusions in steel are spinel and magnesia, and the size of 96.23 wt% inclusions is less than 3μm.


Throughout the past 3 decades, along with the recognition that the immune system not only influences oncogenesis and tumor progression, but also determines how established neoplastic lesions respond therapy, renovated enthusiasm has gathered around the possibility of using vaccines as anticancer agents. Such an enthusiasm quickly tempered when it became clear that anticancer vaccines would have to be devised as therapeutic, rather than prophylactic, measures, and that malignant cells often fail to elicit (or actively suppress) innate and adaptive immune responses. Nonetheless, accumulating evidence indicates that a variety of anticancer vaccines, including cell-based, DNA-based, and purified component-based preparations, are capable of circumventing the poorly immunogenic and highly immunosuppressive nature of most tumors and elicit (at least under some circumstances) therapeutically relevant immune responses. Great efforts are currently being devoted to the identification of strategies that may provide anticancer vaccines with the capacity of breaking immunological tolerance and eliciting tumor-associated antigen-specific immunity in a majority of patients. In this sense, promising results have been obtained by combining anticancer vaccines with a relatively varied panels of adjuvants, including multiple immunostimulatory cytokines, Toll-like receptor agonists as well as inhibitors of immune checkpoints. One year ago, in the December issue of OncoImmunology, we discussed the biological mechanisms that underlie the antineoplastic effects of peptide-based vaccines and presented an abundant literature demonstrating the prominent clinical potential of such an approach. Here, we review the latest developments in this exciting area of research, focusing on high-profile studies that have been published during the last 13 mo and clinical trials launched in the same period to evaluate purified peptides or full-length proteins as therapeutic anticancer agents.


Galvanic replacement reactions are widely used in the synthesis of bimetallic nanoshells. Essential to these syntheses is the design of template materials with electrochemical potentials that are low enough to facilitate the replacement of a wide variety of metals. While Cu is an attractive template from this standpoint, it has only rarely been used due to its propensity for oxidation and the associated difficulties in achieving chemically stable colloids. Here, a synthetic scheme is demonstrated for the design of supported Cu templates and their subsequent replacement with Rh where the detrimental influences of oxidation are not only mitigated but used to place shape and compositional controls on the reaction product. It is shown that the CuRh nanoshells can be produced that are shaped as substrate‐truncated nanocubes or cuboctahedrons depending upon the degree of exposure that the Cu templates have to dissolved oxygen. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the intentional surface oxidation of the Cu template followed by Cu2O removal results in galvanic replacement reactions yielding porous nanoshells with far greater Rh replacement. The study forwards the design of Cu templates for galvanic replacement reactions and presents opportunities for their use in other template‐mediated syntheses.

publisher-specific, author manuscript: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#am


: This article uses the concept of high culture to assess the underlying assumptions and philosophy of Scotland's Curriculum for Excellence (CfE). For the most part, these remain vague and unarticulated. This has two consequences. First, a consensus forms easily around CfE because it means different things to different stakeholders and is presented to teachers as a depoliticised and technocratic policy response. Second, because its core tenets are so hazy, it is extremely difficult to argue against. Although CfE is widely regarded to have at its heart some form of constructivism, the justification for such an approach is never articulated. By assessing CfE's relationship with high culture, this article attempts to flush out its implicit core assumptions. Its central argument is that CfE cannot simultaneously please everyone. Perfectly justifiable alternative curricular paths have been abandoned. Far from being a technocratic and depoliticised policy response, CfE is in fact a much more controversial and ideological shift than the level of scrutiny it has thus far received would suggest.


There were many Anglo-Saxon travelers on the Ottoman lands however the Spaniards remained limited between 18th and 20th centuries. Vicente Blasco Ibanez was a Spanish traveler who visited Istanbul in 1907 and captured his experiences in a travel account named Oriente (Orient) which was published in the same year. This study explores the travel and travel account of Vicente Blasco Ibanez with regard to the image of the Turks. In order to understand Ibanez's account it is necessary to understand the 19th century Spanish travel writing literature, Spain and the relations between the Spanish and the Ottoman Empires at the turn of the 20th century. The present thesis proposes that Spain and Vicente Blasco Ibanez in particular were peculiar cases. Historically Spain had a different place among the European states as an empire and as a people which at certain points posed similarities to the Ottoman Empire. Vicente Blasco Ibanez's perspective on the Turks reveals that he was also different from other Spanish travelers who traveled to the 'Orient'. The present thesis argues that apart from the colorful life of Vicente Blasco Ibanez factors such as Spain's familiarity with Islam, Spain's position within Europe, the crisis of identity in 1898 and the Spanish Orientalism in relation to the crisis were influential in the formation of Blasco Ibanez's Spanish gaze. In this context, the study tries to analyze various images and the discourse in the travel account and identify their connection with writer's motivations.


Inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) represent promising examples of engineered nanomaterials, providing interesting biomedical solutions in several fields, like therapeutics and diagnostics. Despite the extensive number of investigations motivated by their remarkable potential for nanomedicinal applications, the interactions of NPs with biological interfaces are still poorly understood. The effect of NPs on living organisms is mediated by biological barriers, such as the cell plasma membrane, whose lateral heterogeneity is thought to play a prominent role in NPs adsorption and uptake pathways. In particular, biological membranes feature the presence of rafts, i.e. segregated lipid micro and/or nano-domains in the so-called liquid ordered phase (Lo), immiscible with the surrounding liquid disordered phase (Ld). Rafts are involved in various biological functions and act as sites for the selective adsorption of materials on the membrane. Indeed, the thickness mismatch present along their boundaries generates energetically favorable conditions for the adsorption of NPs. Despite its clear implications in NPs internalization processes and cytotoxicity, a direct proof of the selective adsorption of NPs along the rafts' boundaries is still missing to date. Here we use multicomponent Supported Lipid Bilayers (SLBs) as reliable synthetic models, reproducing the nanometric lateral heterogeneity of cell membranes. After being characterized by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Neutron Reflectivity (NR), multi-domain SLBs are challenged by prototypical inorganic nanoparticles, i.e. citrated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), under simplified and highly controlled conditions. By exploiting AFM, we demonstrate that AuNPs preferentially target lipid phase boundaries as adsorption sites. The herein reported study consolidates and extends the fundamental knowledge on NPs-membrane interactions, which constitute a key aspect to consider when designing NPs-related biomedical applications.


Presently it is found out that " folk massaging " is still going together with the society so we have been promoting to develop folk massaging with an objective for up grading this activity and being accepted as well as types of other massaging in Thailand. Our objective is to use this skill of folk massaging to look after the public health since we had spent 2 years on this project including 3 major principles. 1)Finding out the way to work by some meeting of experienced people in folk massaging, also with other folk massagers, it was done in April 2003. 2)Studied the ways of massaging that are still used now (From July-September 2004) 3) Promoted a research and improved folk massaging (November 2004-April 2005) 4)The result from the meeting and study should be done in different local area. The result from studying in the practical ways come out that each massager keep the role of looking after muscle pain, sprain and twisted joints of 100%, paralyzed and semi paralyses 71.25% and the ways are different according to the area and knowledge, for example, in the north they use Yam-Khang(hot iron step), Taok-Sen (pressing and punching muscle), in the middle area they use Yeab-lek-Dang (hot iron step) and Nuad- taak-Mai ( wood pressing with magic), in the north east they use Jub-Sen (tendon massage) in the south they use Postpartum Massage and Boxer Massage. Following the out come of the project effected the development of massage service at the Centers of Thai Folk Medicine Learning in 10 provinces, in Chiangmai, Chiangrai, Lumpang, Nan, Kalasin, Mahasalalcam, Ayuthaya, Angtong, Nakornsrithummrai and Pung- nga, giving this massage service in each center according to the learning and the culture. The main purpose is giving the service and knowledge of folk massaging to ones who are interested, also build up the acceptance of the service standard by local massagers. Finally they worked together to work out an agreement on the general standard and local standard, concentrating on developing the location, system of service and skill of the massagers. Doing the direct study of Thai folk massager, and then arranged the knowledge in the centers with 4 categories of massaging as following. 1) Ou-marn (Exercise for muscle relaxation) in Chiangmai. 2) Ched-Hag (Massage with Animal tooth and magic) in Chiangrai. 3) Yeab-lek-Dang (hot iron step) in Ayuthya. 4) Jub- Sen (Tendon massage) in Kalasin. Following the result of works, showed that the community is ready for self development in response to change into the value system but maintaining its culture knowledge of each area and keep the value system of folk massage. From the questionnaire. Of co-workers, folk massager, people and customers, they are satisfied with the project since the project could bring more in come to massagers from 1,200 to 10,000 baht per month and they wanted to share experience between the centers. In the group of customers both for treatment and health were satisfied with the service that cost from 49-120 an hour and wanted to introduce this service further. Every group would want to have this massage service to be continued to gain more income to the community. From this work and study showed that the community had its own ability and health care with self supports in order to be social accepted. It was impossible to set a standard of folk massage or folk medicine because of the difference in knowledge and culture belief in the areas. So there in an advice that we have to understand this difference. Government should totally support this folk massage by providing budget to the whole system which starting from knowledge, good service system upon the basic of culture, connecting with public health also extra income to Thai people and eventually to our nation.


Background A growing number of hemodialysis patients are dependent upon central venous catheters (CVCs) for long-term vascular access. Although many complications of CVCs have been documented, the phenomenon of the stuck catheter is described relatively infrequently. Case report We describe a case where attempts to remove the line by exploration of the jugular insertion site in theater were unsuccessful and the line was internalized. Discussion The case is then discussed with all available cases in the literature to suggest principles of managing and preventing the stuck catheter phenomenon.


The phase-field model is established for precipitation transformations in multi-component alloy, which incorporates the interfacial energy and elastic energy anisotropy. The mechanism of the precipitation phase transition is revealed by means of the simulation of δ-phase precipitation process in Cu-4.0at.%Ni-2.0at.%Si alloy, and furthermore, the δ-phase precipitation kinetics is built at the temperature of 450°C. Under the influence of both interfacial energy and elastic energy anisotropy, δ-Ni2Si is presented in disc-shaped precipitates. The simulation patterns show that when one precipitate hits another precipitate with a different orientation, it stops growing, consequently forming a "T"-shape precipitate configuration. When two precipitates with the same orientations grow and hit each other, they connect or coarsen only if the spacing between the precipitates is very small. Therefore, the coarsening behavior of disc-shaped precipitate should be completely different from that of spherical precipitates.


Three law professors from different practice and academic backgrounds meet at the water cooler in the faculty wing of a law school in or about 2010. They get engaged in a conversation about mergers and acquisitions that covers much ground--from what a merger actually is (from the perspective of their distinctive areas of legal experience and expertise--business associations, federal income tax, and property law) to factors each believe to be important in choosing a transactional structure for a business combination. This edited panel discussion from the 2019 Business Law Prof Blog symposium, held at The University of Tennessee College of Law in September 2019, attempts to recreate that conversation, which includes references to many traps for the unwary and points of practice and professional responsibility. The authors have inserted citations to legal authority and commentary in support of their contentions where instructive or otherwise helpful.


A trimaculate male of the diplopod genus Apheloria Chamberlin (Polydesmida: Xystodesmidae/-inae: Apheloriini) from 1.3 km (0.8 mi) west of McKenney, Dinwiddie County (Co.), Virginia, is designated the Neotype of Julus virginiensis Drury 1770, thereby stabilizing the earliest name for a North American milliped and authenticating its prior assignment to this taxon. The existing concept of Apheloria is accepted in the absence of a revisionary treatment, and a modern description of A. v. virginiensis with gonopod drawings and color photos is provided. Drury's original account and his letter to the Virginian who sent him the original specimens are quoted verbatim to eliminate future library searches. The specific name has been associated with at least three genera, and its confusing history is clarified by summarizing works in each. Authentic localities, mapped to the extent now possible, reveal a distribution south of the James River in piedmont and coastal Virginia that extends southwestward to the Blue Ridge foothills and at least as far south in North Carolina (NC) as Greensboro, the "Triangle" (Raleigh/Durham/ Chapel Hill region), and Albemarle Sound in the east. Based on the holotypes, A. aspila and A. tigana, both by Chamberlin, are placed in synonymy under A. v. virginiensis (syns. nov.), and although its status is still under review, A. waccamana Chamberlin, whose type locality is Lake Waccamaw, Columbus Co., in southeastern NC, may be the correct name for today's A. tigana. All samples so labeled must be reexamined for misidentifications of A. v. virginiensis.


Background Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common cause of childhood motor disability. However, there is limited guidance on training of child neurologists and neurodevelopmental disability specialists in the care of individuals with cerebral palsy. We sought to determine training program directors' impressions of the importance and adequacy of training in the diagnosis and management of cerebral palsy. Methods In this cross-sectional study, all 82 child neurology and neurodevelopmental disability program directors were asked to complete a survey querying program characteristics, aspects of training in cerebral palsy, importance of cerebral palsy training, and perceived competence at graduation in cerebral palsy care. Results There were 35 responses (43% response rate). Nearly all program directors (91%) reported "learning to diagnose cerebral palsy" as very important, and most (71%) felt that "learning to manage cerebral palsy" was very important. Although most program directors reported trainees to be very or extremely competent in cerebral palsy diagnosis (77%), only 43% of program directors felt that trainees were very or extremely competent in cerebral palsy management. Time spent with cerebral palsy faculty was associated with higher reported competence in cerebral palsy diagnosis (P = .03) and management (P < .01). The presence of a cerebral palsy clinic was associated with higher reported competence in cerebral palsy management (P = .03). Conclusions Child neurology and neurodevelopmental disability program directors reported that training in cerebral palsy is important for residents; however, a significant proportion felt that residents were not very well prepared to manage cerebral palsy. The development of cerebral palsy curricula and exposure to cerebral palsy clinics may improve training, translating to better care of individuals with cerebral palsy.


A new species of Marcgraviastrum is validated, described, and illustrated. The new species is known only from the Colombian Guayana (Departments of Caqueta, Guaviare, and Vaupes). Its morphological relationships are discussed. Furthermore, a new combination into Marcgraviastrum is published. A checklist of the nine Colombian species of the genus is presented.


The purpose of this study was to analyze tooth mobility changes in root-fractured permanent teeth and relate this to type of interfragment healing (hard tissue healing (HT), interfragment healing with periodontal ligament (PDL) and nonhealing with interposition of granulation tissue (GT) because of pulp necrosis in the coronal fragment. Furthermore, the effect of age, location of the fracture on the root, and observation period on mobility values was analyzed. Mobility values were measured for 44 of 95 previous reported root-fractured permanent incisors. Mobility changes were measured with a Mühlemanns periodontometer and noninjured incisors served as controls. The mobility values represented the labial-lingual excursion of the root measured in μm when the tooth received a frontal and a palatal impact of 100 g force. In 18 cases of hard tissue healing (HT), a slightly increased mobility was seen after 3 months and 1 year, and a normalization of mobility value was usually found after 5 and 10 years. In 17 cases of PDL healing, generally a higher mobility was found in comparison with root fractures healing with hard tissue, and a consistent decrease in mobility value was found in the course of the 10 year observation period. A tendency for reduced mobility over time was found, a relation that could possibly be explained by the known general decrease in tooth mobility with increasing age. Finally, nine cases of nonhealing with initial interposition of granulation tissue (GT) because of pulp necrosis in the coronal fragment resulted in increasing mobility values possibly related to a lateral breakdown of the PDL in relation to the fracture line. In control teeth, a lowering of mobility was found over the course of a 10-year observation period. In conclusion, mobility changes appeared to reflect the radiographic healing stages and known age effects upon tooth mobility.


In 1990, a research project called "Rural Surplus Labour and its Employment Exploration" was set up in China, undertaken by the Ministry of Labour, the Ministry of agriculture and the Development Centre of the State Council. From February to July 1992, I visited Shuangmiao Village in Qianshan County, Anhui Province, Xlanfeng Village and Kangle Village in Dingxi County, Gansu Province, Tianliao Village and Xiting Village in Changnan County, Zhejiang Province and, Longgang Zhen in Wenzhou Region, Zhejiang Province, where I conducted a questionnaire survey among 300 households. The model built up in this thesis is a multi-disciplinary model based on the author's documentary research in the disciplines of sociology/anthropology and development economics. My particular focus and my critique concerns two sociological theories illustrated by Revanstein and Lee and two economic models inferred by Lewis and Todaro, which have been widely quoted in the literature of migration. There are altogether six chapters. The first chapter is a review of the literature of internal migration both in developed and developing countries, and a brief introduction to and critique of the four migration models. The main task of the second chapter is to hypothesise a set of social/anthropological and economic variables and their relationships to the internal migration decision, and to build up a multi-disciplinary internal migration model. In the third and fourth chapters, a detailed description of the field study in the five villages, one town and one city is given and a qualitative analysis follows. The fifth chapter is the quantitative analysis, testing the model to see whether or not there is correlation between the hypothesised independent variables and the making of the internal migration decision. Finally, a conclusion and some proposals for further research are given in the sixth chapter.


We show that two coupled chaotic systems initially operating on two different simultaneusly coexisting attractors can be synchronized. Synchronization is achieved as one of the systems switches its evolution to the attractor of the other one. Final attractor of the synchronized state strongly depends on the actual position of trajectories on their attractors in the moment when coupling is introduced. Our system can be considered as an example of locally intermingled basins of attraction in physical system. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.


The increasing trend in the prices of steel scrap and its short supply led the steel technologists to find a suitable charge mix in the form of sponge iron or Direct Reduced Iron (DRI). Sponge Iron or DRI is obtained from the direct reduction of iron ore and has iron content between 84 to 95 percent. Technically and technologically, sponge iron has been found to be a suitable material for charging in blast furnaces. In the existing blast furnace an increase in production by at least 25 to 35% can be achieved by using pre reduced iron ore. Sponge iron is a better substitute for scrap for steelmaking through EAF / IF routes due to its homogenous nature, Improved productivity and lower coke consumption. Also majority of fines which are generated during the course of handling, mining, transportation etc are exported at a through away price which need to be utilized by making iron ore pellets for sponge iron making. According to industry experts, the preference for usage of DRI will lead to the use of 80 percent DRI in the charge mix in EAFs by 2009-10 which may even reach the 85 percent level by 2011-12 in the various regions of India. A lot of investigations have been carried out on direct reduction process of iron oxides by carbonaceous materials, but little work has been done on the characterization of properties and reduction behavior of iron ore of some mines of Orissa. In the present project work, an attempt has been made to study the reduction behavior and kinetics of fired iron ore pellets. The effect of different reduction parameters such as temperature (900-950°C), time (15-60 min.), reductant quality, mixing of particles of different sizes at different ratios for pellet preparation etc. on the reduction, swelling behavior of iron ore pellets. These form the subject matter of the thesis. First chapter gives the introduction about the subject. It speaks about the need of DRI industry, scope, present status and future planning of DRI industry in India, world wise DRI production, etc. It gives a general idea of raw materials quality required for producing DRI, especially in Rotary Kiln. The second chapter deals with the literature survey. The third chapter deals with planning of experiments ,selection of raw materials, preparation of samples, preparation of iron ore pellets, experimental procedure , evaluation of reduction.
vi
The results obtained and the discussions made from these observations have been outlined in chapter four. The result for fired iron ore pellets indicated an increase in degree of reduction with increase in reduction temperature (900-950oC) and time. The reduction kinetics of Sakaruddin iron ore pellets were studied in temperature range of 900-950oC. Analysis of swelling behavior was also done. Results obtained from chapter four have been summarized in chapter five. Lastly, these conclusions have been followed by the list of references.


PURPOSE
To compare the efficacy of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) with that of a common salvage regimen (comparator) in patients with taxane-refractory advanced breast cancer.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Following failure of a first- or second-line taxane-containing regimen for metastatic disease, 301 women were randomly assigned to receive PLD (50 mg/m(2) every 28 days); or comparator-vinorelbine (30 mg/m(2) weekly) or mitomycin C (10 mg/m(2) day 1 and every 28 days) plus vinblastine (5 mg/m(2) day 1, day 14, day 28, and day 42) every 6 to 8 weeks. Patients were stratified before random assignment based on number of previous chemotherapy regimens for metastatic disease and presence of bone metastases only.

RESULTS
Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were similar for PLD and comparator (PFS: hazard ratio [HR], 1.26; 95% CI, 0.98 to 1.62; P =.11; median, 2.9 months [PLD] and 2.5 months [comparator]; OS: HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.82 to 1.33; P =.71; median, 11.0 months [PLD] and 9.0 months [comparator]). In anthracycline-naïve patients, PFS was somewhat longer with PLD, relative to the comparator (n = 44; median PFS, 5.8 v 2.1 months; HR, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.16 to 4.95; P =.01). Most frequently reported adverse events were nausea (23% to 31%), vomiting (17% to 20%), and fatigue (9% to 20%) and were similar among treatment groups. PLD-treated patients experienced more palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (37%; 18% grade 3, 1 patient grade 4) and stomatitis (22%; 5% grades 3/4). Neuropathy (11%), constipation (16%), and neutropenia (14%) were more common with vinorelbine. Alopecia was low in both the PLD and vinorelbine groups (3% and 5%).

CONCLUSION
PLD has efficacy comparable to that of common salvage regimens in patients with taxane-refractory metastatic breast cancer, thereby representing a useful therapeutic option.


Techniques for avoiding the high memory overheads found on many modern shared-memory multiprocessors are of increasing importance in the development of high-performance multiprocessor protocol implementations. One such technique is processor-cache affinity scheduling, which can significantly lower packet latency and substantially increase protocol processing throughput. We evaluate several aspects of the effectiveness of affinity-based scheduling in multiprocessor network protocol processing, under packet-level and connection-level parallelization approaches. Specifically, we evaluate the performance of the scheduling technique (1) when a large number of streams are concurrently supported, (2) when processing includes copying of uncached packet data, (3) as applied to send-side protocol processing, and (4) in the presence of stream burstiness and source locality, two well-known properties of network traffic. We find that affinity-based scheduling performs well under these conditions, emphasizing its robustness and general effectiveness in multiprocessor network processing. In addition, we explore a technique which improves the caching behavior and available packet-level concurrency under connection-level parallelism, and find performance improves dramatically.


The common association of music with motion was investigated in a direct way. Could the original motion quality of different gaits be transferred to music and be perceived by a listener? Measurements of the ground reaction force by the foot during different gaits were transferred to sound by using the vertical force curve as sound level envelopes for tones played at different tempi. Three listening experiments assessed the motion quality of the resulting stimuli. In the first experiment, where the listeners were asked to freely describe the tones, 25% of answers were direct references to motion; such answers were more frequent at faster tempi. In the second experiment, where the listeners were asked to describe the motion quality, about half of the answers directly related to motion could be classified as belonging to one of the categories of dancing, jumping, running, walking, or stumbling. Most gait patterns were clearly classified as belonging to one of these categories, independent of presentation tempo. In the third experiment, the listeners were asked to rate the stimuli on 24 adjective scales. A factor analysis yielded four factors that could be interpreted as Swift vs. Solemn (factor 1), Graceful vs. Stamping (factor 2), Limping vs. Forceful (factor 3), and Springy (factor 4, no contrasting adjective). The results from the three experiments were consistent and indicated that each tone (corresponding to a particular gait) could clearly be categorised in terms of motion.


where the datasets contain information on both a set of common variables and a set of variables that are not jointly observed, and where the units observed in the datasets are different. This book aims to give a complete and formalized treatment of the statistical matching procedures that hitherto have been defined or applied, and to produce a synthesis that justifies their use. The intended audience is researchers in national statistical institutes, applied statisticians who handle problems with statistical matching, and methodological researchers. The prerequisites given for the book are knowledge of maximum likelihood methods, the basic concepts of regression analysis, and the analysis of contingency tables. To this I would like to add that the reader also should be familiar with matrix algebra and calculus. A brief overview of the content is as follows: Chapter 1 gives an overview of the statistical matching problem and an outline of the book; Chapter 2 discusses the conditional independence assumption (CIA) and statistical matching methods based on this; Chapter 3 is devoted to the use of auxiliary information for relaxing the CIA; Chapter 4 treats uncertainty in statistical matching, the situation where neither the CIA is appropriate, nor auxiliary information is available. While these four chapters give the methodological core of the book, the following three chapters are mainly devoted to practical aspects of the statistical matching of two datasets. Chapter 5 discusses statistical matching methods in relation to finite problems, while Chapter 6 treats the issues of nonhomogeneous concepts and definitions in two datasets and how to choose matching variables. Chapter 7 applies the methods discussed in the previous chapters in a detailed case study of the construction of a social accounting matrix (SAM) in Italy. The R software is used for this, and the authors give the code and outputs used in these procedures and discuss the interpretation of the output. Finally, there are four appendices discussing statistical methods for partially observed data, loglinear models, distance functions, finite population sampling, and a fifth appendix that in 22 pages gives the complete code for the R functions used in Chapter 7. The code is also available from the following webpage: http://www.wiley.com/go/matching. Those who are interested in statistical matching will find this book very useful. Most of the book is devoted to theory and technical details, but the case study in the last chapter balances this, making it useful also for the more applied statistician. The use of the free R software in the calculations, and the publication of the source code for the functions both in the book and on the webpage, is also a good feature that should be encouraged.


Installation of new piles may cause heave which influence friction capacity of existing piles. The heave can be observed from the difference in the elevation of existing pile heads recorded before and after the installation of new piles or through load-settlement diagram from Static Load Test data. This paper presents the study of bearing capacity of hollow cylindrical concrete piles with diameter of 800 mm from two projects. The piles at Project I and Project II were hydraulically jacked into depths of 46 m and 42 m, respectively. The bearing capacity of the piles was determined from the pressing force required to install the instrumented indicator-piles, and Static Load Test performed after the installation of the new piles. The indicator-piles, which were instrumented using Vibrating Wire Strain Gauges to observe the distribution of transferred load along the piles. The pressing force required to install the piles, generally defined as mobilized bearing capacity of piles, was smaller than the bearing capacity of instrumented indicator-piles. The result shows that, the driving of the new piles reduced the bearing capacity of the existing piles to as low as 34% and 39% in Project I and Project II, respectively.


Holston, Laubach and Williams' (2017) estimates of the natural rate of interest are driven by the downward trending behaviour of `other factor' $z_{t}$. I show that their implementation of Stock and Watson's (1998) Median Unbiased Estimation (MUE) to determine the size of $\lambda_{z}$ is unsound. It cannot recover the ratio of interest $\lambda _{z}=a_{r}\sigma _{z}/\sigma _{\tilde{y}}$ from MUE required for the estimation of the full structural model. This failure is due to their Stage 2 model being incorrectly specified. More importantly, the MUE procedure that they implement spuriously amplifies the estimate of $\lambda _{z}$. Using a simulation experiment, I show that their MUE procedure generates excessively large estimates of $\lambda _{z}$ when applied to data simulated from a model where the true $\lambda _{z}$ is equal to zero. Correcting their Stage 2 MUE procedure leads to a substantially smaller estimate of $\lambda _{z}$, and a more subdued downward trending influence of `other factor' $z_{t}$ on the natural rate. This correction is quantitatively important. With everything else remaining the same in the model, the natural rate of interest is estimated to be 1.5% at the end of 2019:Q2; that is, three times the 0.5% estimate obtained from Holston et al.'s (2017) original Stage 2 MUE implementation. I also discuss various other issues that arise in their model of the natural rate that make it unsuitable for policy analysis.


Cayley polytopes were defined recently as convex hulls of Cayley compositions introduced by Cayley in 1857. In this paper we resolve Braun's conjecture, which expresses the volume of Cayley polytopes in terms of the number of connected graphs. We extend this result to a two-variable deformations, which we call Tutte polytopes. The volume of the latter is given via an evaluation of the Tutte polynomial of the complete graph. Our approach is based on an explicit triangulation of the Cayley and Tutte polytope. We prove that simplices in the triangulations correspond to labeled trees and forests. The heart of the proof is a direct bijection based on the neighbors-first search graph traversal algorithm.


"Mirror Agnosia" is characterized by searching for the mirror image and showing difficulty of modifying behavior even after the object is presented in real space (Ramachandran, 1997). The possibility of therapeutic intervention of using a mirror for unilateral spatial neglect (USN) with mirror agnosia was suggested, but few researches on mirror agnosia and mirror approach for USN have been reported. The purpose of this study was to confirm the influence of the use of a mirror for USN with mirror agnosia. Two patients with left hemiparesis with USN were evaluated. We propped a mirror on the right side of the patient parallel to the sagittal plane and presented a ball apart from it. We asked the patient to grasp it with looking into the mirror. If they could not reach the actual ball, we shifted the ball closer to the mirror and tried again. When two patients grasped the ball, we asked them to reach it repeatedly. Albert test was executed before and after the session. Both patients could not reach the ball initially, but were able to grasp it when it was closer to the mirror. They showed an improvement in the Albert test after this approach. This method might be useful therapeutic intervention for USN with mirror agnosia.


Original in Sypherd Papers. Has finally started dictating notes for books; already has seven or eight hundred pages of notes; had thought of book on Europe covering period 1930 to 1937, another on work in Latin America, and a third on Foreign Service practice; realized much of material on Europe and Latin America should not be published yet as it deals too intimately with people still living, and that a book in the form of memoirs would be more readable than a didactic treatise on the Foreign Service; has dictaphone at house in Cuernavaca and another at house in Mexico City; has supplied two secretaries with typewriters and dictaphone machines for their homes; sends them the recorded notes which they transcribe and return; both are excellent and so far has had to make few corrections; dictating from memory and at random; memory for facts still good, but chronology may be off and has to be checked; sending some of the notes to Sypherd; doesn't want him to go to great trouble, but would appreciate his reading them and commenting; while in New York on next trip North will be seeing Alfred Knopf and if Sypherd agrees will talk to him about Sypherd's book; believes ways and means can be found to publish book; doesn't expect to mention his own book to Knopf as it is a little premature; plans to leave here with Marion [Mrs. Messersmith] about May 15; has to be in New York May 31 and June 1 and in Toronto during last week in June; otherwise has no particular obligations; will make headquarters at Hotel Carlyle in New York; during time in Wilmington with Caleb and Helene Layton could come to Newark and spend day and night with Sypherd if that is agreeable; if President of University [John A. Perkins] is there at the time would also like to see him; though retired, days spent in Mexico City very full; many friends still come for advice; Marion says of days spent there not much different from days before retirement except that Messersmith no longer brings home any pesos; always glad to get back to Cuernavaca.


Complex I (NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase) plays a central role in oxidative phosphorylation and ultimately ATP synthesis. It couples the energy released from the transfer of electrons from NADH to Q (through various redox cofactors contained within the enzyme itself) with proton translocation, by a mechanism that is still currently unknown. Complex I dysfunction is implicated in many severe clinical conditions in humans and other mammals; which are mostly neurodegenerative in nature. Complex I is also a major site of ROS production within the mitochondria, which can lead to oxidative damage involved in the aging process and pathological conditions such as ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Due to the large size and complexity of this multi-subunit enzyme, a full crystal structure of the minimal bacterial complex from T. thermophilus was published only recently in 2013. X-ray crystal structures from eukaryotic species such as Y. lipolytica were also later published. Structural data obtained by cryo-electron microscopy on the mammalian enzyme from B. taurus also followed soon after. These structural data together confirm the conservation of 14 core subunits (constituting a L shaped structure) that are sufficient for catalytic function and suggest a common catalytic mechanism. Though much structural data from both X-ray crystallography and cryo-EM is now available, the actual redox-coupled proton translocation mechanism still remains elusive. Structural data of the enzyme in different redox states or conformations caused by the binding of substrates may allow for such catalytic mechanism to be determined. Structural data for a bound decylubiquinone has been published, showing the binding site of the quinone head group. The location of the short alkyl chain led to the proposal of a putative channel through which Q is thought to enter and leave its binding site. However, structural data of the enzyme with a natural bound Q has not yet been observed, leaving much questions about the dynamics of Q binding and QH2 release and its role in the redox-coupled proton translocation mechanism.
In this project, various novel strong binding Q analogue inhibitors based on the structures of two known Q-site inhibitors were synthesized in the hope of obtaining structural data for these bound to complex I. This would be expected to provide further insight into the mechanism by which complex I functions. One of our Q analogue inhibitors has shown good binding affinity to the Q-site with an IC50 of 8.7nM. This and preliminary results from other analogues indicate that further information on the structure and dynamics of complex I will be obtained.


Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks pose a threat to any service provider on the internet. While traditional DoS flooding attacks require the attacker to control at least as much resources as the service provider in order to be effective, so-called low-rate DoS attacks can exploit weaknesses in careless design to effectively deny a service using minimal amounts of network traffic. This paper investigates one such weakness found within version 2.2 of the popular Apache HTTP Server software. The weakness concerns how the server handles the persistent connection feature in HTTP 1.1. An attack simulator exploiting this weakness has been developed and shown to be effective. The attack was then studied with spectral analysis for the purpose of examining how well the attack could be detected. Similar to other papers on spectral analysis of low-rate DoS attacks, the results show that disproportionate amounts of energy in the lower frequencies can be detected when the attack is present. However, by randomizing the attack pattern, an attacker can efficiently reduce this disproportion to a degree where it might be impossible to correctly identify an attack in a real world scenario.


A numerical model of the time evolution of subsonic aircraft exhaust is used to evaluate the possible activation of soot particles by collisions with SO2 and H2SO4 gas molecules and Brownian coagulation with H2SO4/H2O aerosol formed by homogeneous nucleation. The soluble mass fraction accumulated on soot by the three processes is estimated for emission indices of sulfur from 0.001 to 3 g kg−1. The calculations indicate that the soluble mass fraction of sulfate added to soot particles (assumed to be totally hydrophobic at the point of exhaust) can be large enough to form activated particles within the exhaust plumes of aircraft operating on fuels with typical sulfur contents. However, for emissions from aircraft operating on extremely low sulfur fuels, the soluble material added to soot particles is not sufficient to activate them within the time frame observed for contrail formation. This result, coupled with the Busen and Schumann [1995] observations of contrail formation from an aircraft using 0.004 g S kg−1 fuel, suggests that heterogeneous interactions between soot and sulfur within the exhaust plume are not sufficient to explain the presence of activated particles and contrails in the wakes of high altitude aircraft if the emitted sulfur is in the form of SO2 only. It is probable that soot particles already have enough soluble material when emitted from the engine exhaust, or/and a higher conversion of sulfur into H2SO4 enable them to act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) for contrails.


Abstract:The present study aimed to examine risk and protective factors of African American students at a historically Black university in the southeastern region of the U.S. A total of 326 students participated in a cross-sectional self-report survey as to scores of the Internet Addiction Test, depression, resilience, and socio-demographic information. A stepwise multiple-regression analysis revealed that depression and being a freshman, respectively, were predictors of internet addiction. Chi-square tests showed that there was significant positive association between internet addiction and depression, while internet addiction was negatively associated with resilience. These findings provide useful information for developing culturally tailored interventions of internet addiction for African American college students especially who are depressed and not resilient in their first year.


The aim of this master thesis was to describe and analyze how subtractions are made visible through illustrations in mathematics textbooks for Swedish first grade pupils (the pupils seven years old) and how pupils make use of illustrations in subtraction operations in mathematics textbooks. The study was based on two empirical parts. First a textbook analysis of the 21 textbooks from twelve different textbook series, which are the most used in Swedish mathematics education, was made. Secondly video observations from twelve pupils who, in pairs, discussed five selected illustrations were made. The empirical material was analyzed using subtraction situations (Fuson, 1992) and affordances (Gibson, 1986). The textbook analysis showed that more than 85 percent of the illustrations derived from a Change take from situation (Fuson, 1992) and that the variation between different textbooks both considering subtraction situations and affordances was large. A conclusion drawn from this was that the selected textbook is of great importance. The analysis of the video observations showed that the pupils sometimes discover the aimed subtraction situation and/ or affordance and sometimes not. This influences how pupils handle the mathematical operations. A conclusion of this was that pupils have to discover the aimed subtraction situation as well as the aimed affordance to be able to handle a mathematical operation in the textbook in a desirable way.


We analyze a dynamic Asset Liability Management problem with model uncertainty in a complete market. The fund manager acts in the best interest of the pension holders by maximizing the expected utility derived from the terminal funding ratio. We solve the robust multi-period Asset Liability Management problem in closed form, and identify two constituents of the optimal portfolio: the myopic demand, and the liability hedge demand. We find that even though the investment opportunity set is stochastic, the investor does not have intertemporal hedging demand. We also find that model uncertainty induces a more conservative investment policy regardless of the risk attitude of the fund manager, i.e., a robust investment strategy corresponds to risk exposures which provide a much stronger liability hedge.


This contribution of Mycological Research News features : Publication in Mycological Research accelerates, and Multiples of eight in Cordyceps ascospores. This issue contains 14 original research papers. Fast-tracked are papers on the transformation of the genome of Verticillium fungicola, and the occurrence of double-stranded RNA mycoviruses in Rhizoctonia solani. Other molecular papers in this issue concern the development of primers for the identification of Alternaria species, the diversity and molecular strain characterization of Lentinula edodes, genotypic variation within Beauveria bassiana, compare Coniothyrium zuluense isolates from South Africa and Thailand, show that the causal agent of Rhododendron anthracnose is Colletotrichum dematium, and suggest a new placement for the genus Monosporascus. The contents of ergocaliferol (vitamin D2) in dried fruit bodies of Cantharellus cibarius examined, a new floating culture technique for mycelia of ectomycorrhizal fungi is described, the growth of EpichloeX }Neotyphodium endophytes in grasses has been studied microscopically, and the production of lignin-modifying enzymes in white-rot fungi compared, and the effect of clay minerals on the morphology of fungal pellets explored. One new scientific name is introduced: Monosporascus ibericus sp. nov.


The authors report an unusual case of a huge intraparenchymal cyst in a 4-year-old girl caused by Taenia multiceps infection. After surgical removal of the cyst, the child recovered completely. Brain infestation by coenurus is a rare disease, mainly reported in Africa, with a few case reports from patients in developed countries. Humans, especially young children, become intermediate hosts by ingesting eggs passed in the excrement of a definitive host, usually carnivores. In such cases, high mortality and morbidity rates have been reported. These rates decreased after the introduction of the modem neuroradiological techniques of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.


It is believed that bank diversification increases financial stability. However, several theories argue that diversification can trigger the spread of failure because of the increased interconnectivity between institutions. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of diversification on the systemic risk of banks. The sample of the study consists of 21 conventional banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2009 to 2018. The study uses firm-year fixed effect panel regression and an instrumental variable approach to examine how firm-specific variables determine the level of systemic risk. Diversification is measured by bank assets, funding, and revenue diversification. To measure the systemic risk, the Conditional Value-at-Risk (ΔCoVaR) methodology is applied. The results show that an increase in funding diversification leads to a decrease in ΔCoVaR, indicating that funding diversification exacerbates the level of systemic risk, whereas asset diversification and revenue diversification do not have significant effects on the level of systemic risk. The empirical findings suggest that the interconnectivity between banks should be reduced by limiting the diversification of funding in the banks to minimize their systemic risks.


Failure of dental implant is often caused by specific pathogenic bacteria. In this paper, antibacterial HA coating was prepared by vacuum plasma spraying with silver loaded zirconium phosphate containing HA as feedstock. The antibacterial activity against Aa,Fn and Pg was evaluated using a film covering method. MTT colorimetric assay was used to measure cytotoxic effect of the antibacterial HA coatings. Results show that the HA coatings displayed significant antibacterial activity against Aa,Fn, Pg and no cytotoxicity to L929 murine cell lines when the content of silver-loaded zirconium phosphate antimicrobial is between 5wt% to 10wt%. The sensitivity of the bacteria to the antibacterial HA coating is in sequence of Pg >Fn >Aa.


Device use in smart homes is becoming increasingly communal, requiring cohabitants to navigate a complex social and technological context. In this paper, we report findings from an exploratory survey grounded in our prior work on communal technology use in the home [4]. The findings highlight the importance of considering qualities of social relationships and technology in understanding expectations and intentions of communal technology use. We propose a design perspective of social expectations, and we suggest existing designs can be expanded using already available information such as location, and considering additional information, such as levels of trust and reliability.


We assessed the sensitivity of phospholipase D (PLD) activity in vascular smooth muscle to cytosolic Ca2+ by increasing cytosolic Ca2+ levels independently of agonist stimulation. When rat tail artery was preloaded with the Ca2+ indicator fluo 3 pentaacetoxymethyl ester, the addition of high extracellular K+, caffeine, or norepinephrine rapidly enhanced cytosolic Ca2+ levels. Neither increased extracellular K+ nor caffeine addition increased phosphatidylethanol production, indicating that cytosolic Ca2+ elevation alone did not stimulate PLD. In contrast, norepinephrine stimulated phosphatidylethanol production in this tissue. In strips of tail artery permeabilized with alpha-toxin and incubated in solutions containing free Ca2+ concentrations observed during physiological stimulation (pCa 6.4), PLD was not stimulated, whereas incubation with guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) at pCa 7.0 activated this enzyme. Aluminum fluoride (AlF4-) stimulated PLD, and this activity was insensitive to pertussis toxin after stimulation by either norepinephrine or AlF4-. These results indicate that PLD in vascular smooth muscle is activated by norepinephrine via stimulation of a pertussis toxin-insensitive G protein and not via an increase in intracellular Ca2+ levels.