1,2-Diaminoethane (en) and FeCl3 give (enH2) [FeCl5(H2O)] (1) in concentrated HCl, extending the aquapentachloroferrate(III) series. For 1: C2H12N2Cl5OFe, orthorhombic, P2(1)2(1)2(1), a = 14.531(6) A, b = 10.772(4) A, c = 6.888(2) A, Z = 4. Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane dihydrochloride (DABCO-2HCl) and FeCl3 in concentrated HCl form a tetrachloroferrate(III) derivative whose subsequent ethanol treatment (restricted water access) results in the formation of a compound of composition (DABCOH2)2 [FeCl4(H2O)2]Cl3 (2). This contains the trans-[FeCl4(H2O)2](-) anion, in which the trans-Fe-O distances are 2.049(4) A. For 2: C12H32N4Cl7O2Fe, orthorhombic, Pnma, a = 16.378(3) A, b = 7.3323(6) A, c = 19.431(3) A, Z = 4. A combination of 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and ac susceptibility data confirm uncanted 3D antiferromagnetic ground states with T(Néel) approximately 3.4 K for (enH2)[FeCl5(H2O)] and approximately 2.0 K for [DABCOH2]2[FeCl4(H2O)2]Cl3.


The purpose of this study is to determine whether a labor market penalty exists for members of immigrant groups as a result of being phenotypically different from white Americans. Specifically, the authors examine the link between skin shade, perhaps the most noticeable phenotypical characteristic, and wages for immigrants from five regions: (1) Europe and Central Asia; (2) China, East Asia, South Asia, and the Pacific; (3) Latin America and the Caribbean; (4) Sub-Saharan Africa; and (5) the Middle East and North Africa. Using data from the New Immigrant Survey, a nationally representative multi-cohort longitudinal study of new legal immigrants to the United States, the authors find a skin shade penalty in wages for darker immigrants. However, disaggregating by region of origin shows that this finding is driven exclusively by the experience of immigrants from Latin America; the wage penalty for skin tone is substantial for self-reported nonblack Latin American immigrants. The effects of colorism are much less pronounced or nonexistent among other national-origin populations. Furthermore, although a skin shade penalty is not discernible among African immigrants, findings show that African immigrants experience a racial wage penalty.


The lyric volume Fragmentos del ocio appears anonymously in 1668. Its author, Juan Gaspar Enriquez de Cabrera, Admiral of Castile, republished the work in 1683, with significant changes in the form of textual variants, the organization of the poems and the object of love poetry. The history of the text becomes more complex when added up to four manuscript copies, with substantive differences, but always dated after the last edition, with doubts in only one case. The analysis of alterations and consideration of the resulting path pose reflections on the authorial construction, the processes of rewriting and the control of transmission of the texts, in a more complex picture than usually considered, with significant projection in the characterization of poetry in the low Baroque.


For many decades now, Australian universities have been confronted with ever increasing pressure to improve their relevance and undertake organisational transformation. As economies engage in increasingly competitive global markets, disruptive innovations and digital technologies forever transform business models and the way we work. Governments and society expect the education sector to both equip students and demonstrate how we meet these challenges. Nowhere is this more apparent than in the higher education sector where universities are increasingly not only expected to become part of the mechanisms through which advancing learning and knowledge transfer is intrinsically tied to sustainable competitive advantage of nations but are also seen as a critical sector contributing to a nation's economic performance. Nevertheless, for all this purported importance very little research seems to have been done on the capacity of senior leaders in universities to achieve success in a constantly changing environment while confronting challenges that attack the nature and purpose of the institution. Moreover, there is little critical research into the development of university leadership models particularly when compared to the corporate sector.
This thesis provides: (a) a summary of the evolution of leadership theory, (b) a review of research into university leadership (c) a leadership model for universities, derived from education sector-based research and then (d) identification and validation a set of leadership capabilities to further develop the university leadership model. The findings of this thesis are an important step forward in the development of the leadership model and show that the proposed capabilities are considered important for university leaders as well as indicating key areas for leadership training and development.


Australian trans youth seeking medical treatment for gender dysphoria can encounter significant legal barriers to healthcare. Legal requirements for obtaining valid consent to gender-affirming care, first established in 2004, mean that an application to the Family Court is required in many cases before treatment can be provided. The development of Australian law concerning consent for the medical treatment of trans youth has been slow, haphazard, and remains incomplete. The Family Court process has been found to be damaging to trans youth and their families. There is widespread agreement that the law needs reform, even more so since the 2020 decision in Re: Imogen. This article explores the implications of the decision in Re: Imogen for trans youth and their families and raises possible models for reform. It starts by providing the background to Re: Imogen and explaining the current legal position. It then explores why the law needs to be reformed, highlighting the inconsistent approach to competency in Australian law and the harm the current law does to trans youth. Building on critiques of the law in this area, it reviews various options for law reform and suggests an optimal model.


Understanding of interaction reactions between materials and tissue in the body is necessary for the success of implant devices. Impedance and polarisation properties at the interface on 316L stainless steel and pure Ti under cell culture environment of fibroblast L929 or with collagen coating were examined. Limitation of mass diffusion at the interface by cell bodies and extracellular matrix is probably a corrosion factor of the presence of cells, which causes the decrease of protectiveness of passive film on 316L steel. Surface composition of 316L steel and Ti formed with L929 was compared with that formed in human body. Similar elements were detected on the surface formed in both the environments. The precipitated sulphur on the surface formed under cell culture and in the human body appears to be originated from proteins that might be produced by cells.


The proportion of variance in student achievement that is explained by student SES—"poverty's power rating," as some call it—tends to be lower among smaller schools than among larger schools. Smaller schools, many claim, are able to somehow disrupt the seemingly axiomatic association between SES and student achievement. Using eighth-grade data for 216 public schools in Maine, I explored the hypothesis that this in part is a statistical artifact of the greater volatility (lower reliability) of school-aggregated student achievement in smaller schools. This hypothesis received no support when reading achievement served as the dependent variable. In contrast, the hypothesis was supported when the dependent variable was mathematics achievement. For reasons considered in the discussion, however, I ultimately concluded that the latter results are insufficient to affirm the statisticalartifact hypothesis here as well. Implications for subsequent research are discussed.


Engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) are increasingly being exploited in a whole range of applications and products due to their novel physicochemistry. Hence it is inevitable that ENPs will enter the environment at an increasing rate over the coming years. The consequential impact following interaction between ENPs with plants and soil microbial communities is of great concern given that they play fundamental roles in the environment and food production.
In this study, the impact of capped silver nanoparticles (cAg NPs) on terrestrial (Arabidopsis thaliana and Vicia faba) and aquatic (Lemna minor) plants was investigated. In addition, due to the important role of bacteria in plant survival and growth, this study also assessed the effect of cAg NPs on plant-associated soil microbial community structure.
cAg NPs demonstrated varied toxicity towards plants and the associated soil microbes. Whilst the aquatic plants and soil microbial communities investigated in this study were not affected by cAg NPs up to 100 mg/L, for the terrestrial plants evaluated here, cAg NPs above 12 mg/L (specifically 50 and 100 mg/L) demonstrated differential toxic responses. Based on the results of this study, it is clear that concentration, exposure method, released ions, plant species, light intensity and growth mediums are key factors that influence the toxicity of cAg NPs.
Although the cAg NP concentrations applied in this study are not yet environmentally relevant, with continued and uncontrolled commercial production of Ag NPs and/or in the event of spillage, such concentrations could occur in the environment in the future.
Chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange are valuable techniques for analysing the toxicity of ENPs on plants, due to their rapid and reliable results. Further studies in the interactions between plants and Ag NPs are urgently needed and would benefit from the use of different application methods such as aerosolization.


A pivotal tenet in modern behavioral sciences is that the study of behavior, in its most intimate structure, necessarily deals with time and, for this reason, behavioral dynamics are not intuitively perceivable and/or detectable (Eibl-Eibesfeldt, 1970). In reality, the possibility to describe a given behavior in terms of its structural/temporal features makes available new and detailed information otherwise unavailable. The aim of the present paper is to discuss the possible application of T-pattern detection and analysis, i.e., a multivariate approach specifically developed to describe the temporal structure of behavior, to the study of an important and still scantly investigated issue, namely the detection of behavioral correlates of the neurophysiological phenomenon known as afferent inhibition.


Background Mini-esthetics is an important concept in orthodontics concerned with relatedness of dentition to the face. Purpose We compared the perception of altered smile esthetics between orthodontists, dentists, and laypeople in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Patients and Methods A total of 216 participants (orthodontists, dentists, and laypeople) were conveniently surveyed. An image representing the ideal smile was altered in terms of buccal corridor, gingival display, and midline diastema. Using Likert scale, participants were asked to rate the attractiveness of the altered images. Results The three surveyed groups preferred wide rather than narrow buccal corridors. Also, as the amount of gingival display and midline diastema increased, the smile was rated less attractive. Age of participants was significantly associated with more precise recognition of gingival display and midline diastema, P<0.05 and P<0.001, respectively. Conclusion The concept of an ideal smile holds true across the heterogenous groups we studied despite gender and professional background.


Introductory Note .—In the following paper, Canada means more than the narrow strip along the eastern part of the northern border of the United States, with which the name was once familiarly associated in the minds of the citizens of the latter country. Leaving out Alaska, Canada now means the northern half of this continent. The extent of the area in the northern hemisphere which has undergone glaciation during the drift period has now been pretty well ascertained, and the greater part of it proves to lie within the Dominion of Canada. Considering this fact and also the diversity in topography and climate presented by a country which stretches from the temperate zone to the north pole, it must be admitted that we Canadians have a splendid field for the study of the ancient glacial phenomena. In 1863 the writer prepared the chapter on surface geology in the "Geology of . . .


It has been established that a non-dialyzed fraction of ammoniacal extract from P. molissima contains an anticoagulant-glycopeptide. In in vivo experiments, it produces stable hypocoagulemia, primarily blocking fibrin self-assemblage, and prevents the animal's death from thromboplastinemia. It has been found that the aforesaid action does not exert any adverse effect on the blood contents, arterial pressure, respiration or urinary renal function.


MFI sector plays an important role in poverty reduction in the economy especially of the less developed countries. This role is like the heart to the human body to pump the financial resources that are necessary for the economic growth and well being of a nation and its people. This research focused on the contribution of the microfinance sector on poverty reduction efforts among women in Dar es Salaam. Poverty reduction was looked at four major variables namely income, employment level, saving and assets ownership by female entrepreneurs.

In order to analyze the contribution of the microfinance institutions on the above mentioned parameters, primary data were collected through questionnaire from 100 respondents. The research found that, there was a significant decrease in poverty among women as recognized and proved by an increase in income, employment level, saving and assets ownership to them as a result of loans from the MFIs.

Despite of these achievements, it is recommended that the microfinance sector should invest in advertising its services so that more poor people are recruited by them. Again there is a need for them to expand their services to rural areas where a rate of poverty is higher rather than concentrating in urban area


The article seeks to determine when co-operation and when collaboration should be used during cross-cultural virtual group work. For this purpose various concepts are analyzed: cross-cultural communication, virtual setting, co-operation and collaboration. An empirical quantitative research is conducted for the worldwide academic project 'X-Culture'. Conducted research summarises the conclusions about theory's applicability in practice. Analysis reveales that majority of processes indicated in scholarly literature, as key aspects leading to collaboration throughout group development stages, are present in 'X-Culture' project. This research reveals the main differences between cooperative and collaborative group work, explaining the outcomes of both. In addition, it explains which one is applicable grounded on desired goals. Moreover, the concepts are linked to cross-cultural processes. Theoretical significance of the paper underlines the importance of building projects via collaborative or cooperative tasks considering desired goals. Practical significance offers guidelines for professional and academic institutions that organize virtual cross-cultural group work. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ss.88.2.12739


Structural noise radiation prediction is the base of structure acoustic design. In order to predict structural noise radiation level of cavitation generator, Statistical energy analysis (SEA) model of cavitation generator is simplified and established. Through a series of physical and environmental parameters setting and structure modification, the sound simulation analysis of cavitation generator is conducted by AutoSEA in order to find the optimum sound structure. The results show that, appropriate increasing in shell thickness, restructuring the cavitation generator and damp applying can effectively control the structure noise.


Post-secular theory nowadays critiques the secularization notion that religion has increasingly become a private issue. It does so by pointing out how religion has once again become paramount to public and political debate, central to which are assertively voiced critiques of Muslims and Islam. Therefore, in this paper, we analyse cross-national survey data from Western Europe to study the attitudes of the non-religious vis-a-vis religion in general and vis-a-vis Islam in particular. Consistent with privatization theory and inconsistent with the postsecular theory, we find that the non-religious do not contest religion more in the most secular countries. As to anti-Muslim sentiment in Western Europe, however, a markedly different pattern emerges. The non-religious are more intolerant towards Muslims in the most secular countries. Rejections of Islam and of religion generally hence appear driven by different logics. Even though that clearly calls for further in-depth research, indeed anti-Muslim sentiment appears to have more in common with ethnic prejudice and xenophobia than with anti-religiosity in general.


Sapphire rod resonators of three types, as proposed in the IEC/TC90/WG8, have been commonly used to measure the surface resistance R/sub s/ of high temperature (high-T/sub c/) superconducting (HTS) films. One is called an open-type resonator, where a sapphire rod having diameter D and length L is placed between two parallel HTS films, and the other is called a closed-type resonator, where the sapphire rod is set in a cavity constructed from two HTS films and a copper ring having diameter d and height h. Some mode charts for these resonators are calculated from the rigorous analysis based on the mode matching method, taking account of an uniaxial-anisotropic characteristic of a sapphire rod. An optimum dimension of a sapphire rod resonator is designed from the mode charts so as to separate the TE/sub 011/ mode from the other modes. Moreover, it is verified that the radiations of the leaky state TM modes influence the unloaded Q/sub u/ values of the open-type resonator. As a result, the closed-type sapphire resonator having a dimension ratio X/sup 2/=(D/L)/sup 2/ of 4 and diameter ratio S=d/D of 4 should be used.


Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein produced primarily by the kidney in response to tissue hypoxia, and is the principal factor regulating red blood cell production. It stimulates erythroid precursors in the bone marrow to proliferate and mature into morphologically identifiable red blood cells. This hormone acts by binding to specific high-affinity receptor on erythroid precursors. Failure to produce adequate quantities of EPO leads to severe anemia, a situation most often encountered in patients with end stage renal disease. With the application of recombinant DNA technology, the gene for this hormone has been molecularly cloned, sequenced and expressed in a biologically active form in mammalian cells. The recombinant EPO has been demonstrated to correct anemia in patients with severe end stage renal disease and alleviate their transfusion requirements. It has also been studied for anemia associated with HIV infection/zidovudine therapy, in cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and prematurity. In addition it has been studied as a facilitator of autologous blood predeposit in patients scheduled for elective surgery and as a perisurgical adjuvant to hasten hematologic recovery and possibly avoid the need for homologous transfusion after elective surgery. When administered with the current guidelines EPO appears to be safe drug with favorable risk/benefit ratio.


Thermoacoustic oscillations in axisymmetric annular combustors are generally coupled by degenerate azimuthal modes, which can be of standing or spinning nature. Symmetry breaking due to the presence of a mean azimuthal flow splits the degenerate thermoacoustic eigenvalues, resulting in pairs of counter-spinning modes with close but distinct frequencies and growth rates. In this study, experiments have been performed using an annular system where the thermoacoustic feedback due to the flames is mimicked by twelve identical electro-acoustic feedback loops. The mean azimuthal flow is generated by fans. We investigate the standing/spinning nature of the oscillations as a function of the azimuthal Mach number for two types of initial states and how the stability of the system is affected by the mean azimuthal flow. It is found that spinning, standing, or mixed modes can be encountered at very low Mach number, but increasing the mean velocity promotes one spinning direction. At sufficiently high Mach number, only spinning modes are observed in the limit cycle oscillations. In some cases, the initial conditions have a significant impact on the final state of the system. It is found that the presence of a mean azimuthal flow increases the acoustic damping. This has a beneficial effect on stability: it often reduces the amplitude of the self-sustained oscillations, and can even suppress them in some cases. However, we observe that the suppression of a mode due to the mean flow may destabilize another one. We discuss our findings in relation to an existing low-order model.


The estimation of the service life of the construction elements of a building and its materials is an essential part of drawing up a realistic and economically viable maintenance program. In this regard, this paper presents a methodology to estimate the service life of the construction systems of outer walls and roofs frequently used in modern buildings. The reference document used was the ISO-15686 standard, which proposes an efficient method of estimating service life based on durability factors. However this method was designed for general application and is difficult to apply. Due to the scarce amount of reliable information available on material durability values, it was found necessary to generate a service-life database of the construction elements considered, as well as of their component materials, based on their common degradation mechanisms. Factors that affect durability were also identified and a clear procedure for evaluation was set up. The proposed method, rather than giving accurate information on service life, allows different construction systems to be compared and is thus of assistance in the project design phase. The methodology can also be used as a model for other construction elements and is transferable to other countries.


CCSVI is the acronym for Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency, initially described by P.Zamboni, as being strongly associated with multiple sclerosis (MS). It is a syndrome characterized by stenosis of the internal jugular veins (IJVs) and/or azygous vein (AZ) with opening of collaterals and insufficient drainage. Bavera PM carried out 823 Duplex exams on a control group of 60 patients without MS. As expected CCSVI was found only in few subjects of the control group, three, two females and one male, but all affected with Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SSHL). Successively, we reported a case of bilateral SSHL with vertigo, showing evidence of the CCSVI pattern at Duplex examination (not associated with MS). To the best of the authors' knowledge, this kind of association has never been reported. We studied 52 patients affected with cochleo-vestibular disturbances subdivided into two groups of out-patients:Definite unilateral Meniere (Men): 12 subjects ( 8 males and 4.females, mean age 41,6.yy) according to international AOO-HNS 1995 diagnostic criteria No-Meniere (No-Men): 14 subjects (6.males and 8 females, mean age 44,7.yy) affected with unilateral cocleo-vestibular impairment A third group of subjects have been considered, as a "normal" group, 13 patients (8 females and 5 males, mean age 45,5 yy) affected with Benign Paroxismal Positioning Vertigo (BPPV) with cochlear involvement Asymmetrical artherious flow in VA or CA was revealed in 2 Men 9 no-Men and 1 BPPV, respectively 12,5 60,7 and 8,6 %. Differences between Men and No-Men and between each of this group with respect to BPPV were highly significant (p<0.001). Asymmetrical venous flow in IJV or VV was detected in 9 patients in MEN group and in 4 in no-MEN and 2 BPPV, respectively 79 28,5 and 13 %. Differences between Men and No-Men and between each of this group with respect to BBV were highly significant (p<0.001)


Genetic variation in FGFR2 is a newly described risk factor for breast cancer. We estimated the relative risk and contribution of FGFR2 polymorphisms to breast cancer risk in diverse ethnic groups within Jewish and other Middle Eastern populations. We genotyped four FGFR2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and tested for association of these SNPs and haplotypes with breast cancer risk in a population-based case-control study of 1,529 women with breast cancer and 1,528 controls. We found significant associations between breast cancer risk and all four studied SNPs in FGFR2 (Ptrend for all SNPs < 0.0001). In ethnicity-specific analysis, all four SNPs were significantly associated with breast cancer risk in Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jews, with a similar but not significant trend in Arabs. Haplotype analysis identified five common haplotypes (>1%). The previously described AAGT risk haplotype was significantly associated with breast cancer risk in Ashkenazi [odds ratio (OR), 1.25; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.07-1.45; P = 0.0059] and Sephardi Jews (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.17-1.80; P = 0.0006) compared with the reference GGAC haplotype. The AAAC haplotype was significantly associated with breast cancer risk in Sephardi Jews (OR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.16-3.35; P = 0.0125) but not in Ashkenazi Jews (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.41-1.62; P = 0.5613) or in Arabs (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 0.80-2.14; P = 0.2881). Genetic variation in FGFR2, identified by rs1219648, may account for a substantial fraction of breast cancer in Arab (12%), Ashkenazi (15%), and Sephardi Jewish (22%) populations. The identification of population-specific risk haplotypes in FGFR2 is likely to help identify causal variants for breast cancer. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(5):1060–5)


In the past years, the use of highly sensitive silicon microelectromechanical cantilevers has been proposed as a tool to characterize the spin-crossover phenomenon by employing fast optical readout of the motion. In this work, Fe II -based spin-crossover nanoparticles of the well-known [Fe(Htrz) 2 (trz)](BF 4 ) complex wrapped with thin silica shells of different sizes will be studied by means of silicon microresonators. The silica shell will enhance its chemical stability, whereas the low thickness will allow a proper mechanical coupling between the cantilever and the spin-crossover core. To maximize the sensing of the spin-crossover phenomena, different cantilever geometries and flexural modes were employed. In addition, the experimental observations were also compared with COMSOL numerical simulations, which are in close agreement with them. The probe of spin-crossover phenomena with micro- and nanoelectromechanical actuators offers the possibility of preparing smart sensing memory devices near/above room temperature.


We propose a simple structural model of exchange rate determination which draws from the analytical framework recently proposed by Bacchetta and van Wincoop (2004) and allows us to disentangle the liquidity and information effects of order flow on exchange rates. We estimate this model employing an innovative transaction data-set that covers all direct foreign exchange transactions completed in the USD/EUR market via EBS and Reuters between August 2000 and January 2001. Our results indicate that the strong contemporaneous correlation between order flow and exchange rates is mostly due to liquidity effects. This result also appears to carry through to the four FX intervention events that appear in our sample. JEL Nos.: D82, G14 and G15.


Intraoperative sampling of airborne particulates is rarely performed in the OR environment because of technical difficulties associated with sampling methodologies and because of the common belief that airborne contamination is infrequently associated with surgical site infections (SSIs). In this study, investigators recovered nonviable (ie, lint) and viable (ie, microorganisms) particulates during vascular surgery using a personal cascade impactor sampling device. The predominant nonviable particulates recovered during intraoperative sampling were wood pulp fibers from disposable gowns and drapes. Several potential nosocomial pathogens (eg, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis) and other drug-resistant isolates frequently were recovered from an area adjacent to the surgical field. The widespread presence of airborne particulates during surgery suggests that further studies are warranted to assess the role these particles may play in the development of SSIs or in dissemination of nosocomial pathogens within the OR and hospital environment.


One of the most important focal points of the complex processes taking place in the world has been created by highly diverse urbanisation zones, which all face similar problems. At the same time, for historical, economic and cultural geopolitical reasons, each town needs an approach that is tailored to its specific characteristics and needs. However, relatively little attention has been paid to developing the elements of a supportive environment, the process of planning and capacity-building needed to manage a smart city, and exploring concrete cases and best practices. This study examines initiatives supporting the conditions for smart city governance within the framework of the Digital Welfare Programme (DWP) launched in Hungary, with particular focus on the development of a marketplace as an info-communication platform to support the planning process.


We classify an input space according to the outputs of a real-valued function. The function is not given, but rather examples of the function. We contribute a consistent classifier that avoids the unnecessary complexity of estimating the function.


The use of molecular diagnostics for pathogen detection in epidemiological studies have allowed us to get a wider view of the pathogens associated with diarrhea, but the presence of enteropathogens in asymptomatic individuals has raised several challenges in understanding the etiology of diarrhea, and the use of these platforms in clinical diagnosis as well. To characterize the presence of the most relevant bacterial enteropathogens in diarrheal episodes, we evaluated here the prevalence of diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes, Salmonella spp., and Yersinia enterocolitica in stool samples of children with and without diarrhea using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). We found that the presence of genetic markers associated with bacterial pathogens was significantly higher in stool samples from the diarrhea group compared to the control (P < 0.001). Bacterial loads in samples positive for eae and aggR markers were also determined. Compared to samples from asymptomatic children, a significantly higher number of copies of the eae gene were found in diarrhea samples. Also, the presence of genetic markers associated with STEC strains with clinical significance was evaluated in eae-positive samples by high-throughput real-time PCR. The data presented herein demonstrated that asymptomatic children of an urban area in Brazil might be enteropathogen reservoirs, especially for STEC.


This study investigates Wagner's Law and the Keynesian hypothesis on the relationship between national income and government spending in the Dominican Republic during the periods of 1960-1984 and 1985-2005. Using the 'bounds' testing approach to the analysis of level relationships of Pesaran et al . (2001) and a method developed by Bardsen (1989) to derive long-run coefficients, the results show the existence of a co-integrated relationship between gross domestic product and government consumption expenditure during the period 1960-1984. The estimate of the long run coefficient shows that a one percent increase in gross domestic product produced a 1.39 percent increase in government consumption spending. Moreover, Granger Pairwise causality tests show causal linkages running from gross domestic product to government consumption expenditure. The findings for the 1985-2005 period also confirm the presence of co-integration between gross domestic product and government consumption spending. However, the elasticity is below unity (+0.78). There is also evidence of causality from gross domestic product to government consumption spending. Combined, all these results show that Keynes's hypothesis is found not to be valid for the case of the Dominican Republic. Key words: Wagner's Law, Keynesian hypothesis, national income, public spending, error correction model, 'bounds' test, Granger Pairwise causality


Dexterous refers to the skill and grace in physical movement, especially in the use of the hands, an individual who is more dexterous with the right hand is called right-handed (dextralists), and one who is more skilled with the left is said to be left-handed (sinistralists). The purpose of the study was to find out the effect of specific training on selected biomotor variables such as strength and coordination of dexterous. To achieve the purpose 40 right hand dominance college men students from Annantnag district, Jammu & Kashmir, India were selected as subjects at random and their age ranged between 18-21 years, the  selected subjects were divided in to two groups namely physical training (n=20) and control (n=20). The physical training group underwent training for 60 min/4 days/15 weeks. The maximum strength (handgrip dynamometer) and hand screwing coordination (Bennit hand tool dexterity test), were selected as dependent variables and tested before and after the experimental period for both the groups. The collected data were analyzed by using ANCOVA. Further, independent't' was calculated to find out the difference between left and right hand and the magnitude of Improvement was also calculated to find out the level of improvement on dexterous. Level of confidence was fixed at 0.05. The result of the study shows that the physical training improved the maximum strength and coordination compared to control group. The difference between right and left hand on maximum strength and coordination is insignificant. Hence, it was concluded that physical training may be given to improve the dexterous (use of hands) level and quality.


Recent writing in social policy on the role of agency has made important assumptions about social administration in the post-war period. In particular it is suggested that interpretations of the causes of poverty, and the thinking of Richard Titmuss, were characterised by a 'denial' of agency and almost total emphasis on structural factors. The implications were that this left the Titmuss paradigm vulnerable to more individualistic interpretations in the 1980s. In this article we look more closely at Titmuss's work and thought in the three decades of the 1940s, the 1950s, and the 1960s, aiming to produce a fuller and more nuanced analysis. We argue that the distinctive position adopted by Titmuss was in large part his response to earlier and on-going debates about social pathology. What he was trying to do was to make others aware of the broader context in which behaviour had to be analysed. But Titmuss himself became constrained by the paradigm that he did more than anyone else to create. Thus debates about behaviour, structure, and poverty have been marked as much by continuity as by change.


Abstract We developed a focal positioning system for laser sensing instruments. The positioning system consists of x- and y-axis galvano mirrors and a high-speed response tunable lens. It allows for quick adjustment of the measuring position with high resolution and repeatability afforded by the galvano mirrors, which enable the plotting of 10,000 focal points per second, and the tunable lens, which allows adjustment of the focal length within 2.5 ms (10%–90% step). For laser measurements, the location information of the laser spot on the sample is the key parameter to determine the quantitative difference in chemical compositions at different locations. Furthermore, if the sample changes location systematically with some temporal variation, quick correction before changing the default position is required to prevent missing the target. The laser spot positioning system we present here can play an important role in obtaining multi-plot measurements for complicated surface topologies and dynamic micro-samples.


Abstract Although there has been steady improvement in the amount of child support collected, it is estimated that about 70% of poor children eligible for child support do not receive it. There has been little formal study of mothers' interactions with child support offices and how these experiences may influence decisions about child support. This article presents a descriptive analysis of mothers' attitudes and experiences with a child support agency, giving voice to clients' perspectives about working with this system. The findings indicate that mothers find the public child support system to be inefficient and ineffective in helping them to obtain child support, even after they have a child support award. Their stories help us understand why many custodial parents become frustrated and angry at the system that has been put in place to help them, but often sets up barriers to their efforts to obtain child support. Only through more effective service delivery can parents become successful at receiving the child support needed to reduce their poverty level and improve the well being of their children.


This paper investigates possible intersections between some contemporary artistic modalities and architectural practice. At first, it describes and discusses different uses of art in architectural history. Through the analyzes of Le Corbusier's artistic and architectural practices, it observes the limits of looking at art as only 'inspiration' for architectural form and points to the necessity of surpassing this formal approach. More than bringing pictorial 'inspiration', art, as a experimental field, can change our architectural procedures and approaches - a much richer and powerful addition to the development of architecture. It discusses then, the confluence of architecture, information and communication technologies. Very commonly present in our contemporary life, not only on the making of architecture – computer drawings and modeling of extravagant buildings – nor in 'automated rooms' of the millionaire's houses. Televisions, telephones and computers leave the walls of our houses "with as many holes as a Swiss cheese", as Flusser has pointed. The architecture has historically manipulated the way people interact, but this interaction now has been greatly changed by new technologies. Since is inevitable to think the contemporary world without them, it is extreme urgent that architects start dealing with this whole universe in a creative way. Important changes in architecture occur after professionals start to research and experiment with different artistic medias, not limiting their visions to painting and sculpture. The main hypothesis of this paper is that the experiments with new media art can bring the field of architecture closer to information and communication technologies. This confluence can only take form when architects rise questions about technology based interaction and automation during their creative process, embodying these concepts into the architecture repertoire. An educational experience was conducted in 2007 at UFMG Architecture School, in Brazil, with the intention of this activity was to allow students to research creatively with both information technology and architecture. The students' goal was to create site-specific interventions on the school building, using physical and digital devices. Finally, the paper contextualizes this experience with the discussion above exposed. Concluding with an exposition of the potentialities of some contemporary art modalities (specially the hybrid ones) in qualifying architectural practices.


BACKGROUND
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) has only recently been described. We provide individual patient data on the clinical course, treatment and complications experienced by 14 front-line health care workers and hospital support staff in Toronto who were diagnosed with SARS, and we provide follow-up information for up to 3 weeks after their discharge from hospital.

METHODS
As part of the initial response to the SARS outbreak in Toronto, our health care centre was asked to establish a SARS unit for health care workers who were infected. Patients were admitted to this unit and were closely monitored and treated until they were well enough to be discharged. We prospectively compiled information on their clinical course, management and complications and followed them for 3 weeks after discharge.

RESULTS
The 11 women and 3 men described here (mean age 42 [standard deviation [SD] 9] years) were all involved in providing medical or ancillary hospital services to patients who were later found to have SARS. Onset of symptoms in 4 of our patients who could clearly identify only a single contact with a patient with SARS occurred on average 4 (SD 3) days after exposure. For the remaining 10 patients with multiple patient contacts, symptom onset followed exposure by a mean of 3.5 (SD 3) days after their exposure. All patients were treated with ribavirin, and all patients received levofloxacin. Many experienced major complications. Dyspnea was present in 12 patients during their stay in hospital, and all developed abnormalities on chest radiograph; 3 patients developed severe hypoxemia (PaO(2) < 50 mm Hg). All patients experienced a drop in hemoglobin. Nine patients had hemolytic anemia. Three patients experienced numbness and tingling in their hands and feet, and 2 developed frank tetany. All 3 had magnesium levels that were less than 0.1 mmol/L. All patients recovered and were discharged home. At a follow-up examination 3 weeks after discharge (5 weeks after onset of illness), all patients were no longer weak but continued to become fatigued easily and had dyspnea on minimal exertion. For 5 patients, chest radiographs still showed residual disease.

INTERPRETATION
SARS is a very serious illness even in healthy, relatively young people. The clinical course in our patients, all of whom met the case definition for SARS (which requires pulmonary involvement), resulted in dyspnea and, in some individuals, severe hypoxemia. Severe hemolytic anemia may be a feature of SARS or may be a complication of therapy, possibly with ribavirin.


Teachers play a critical role in responding to, reporting, and preventing bullying. This study focuses on teachers' perceptions of various types of bullying: physical, verbal, relational, and especially the more recent phenomenon of cyberbullying. It compares English and US teachers' perspectives of the seriousness of these different types of bullying, thereby investigating how and why teachers have different views of how to address bullying and the different reasons they give as to why they would or would not respond to different bullying scenarios. This can possibly contribute to potential strategies to combat bullying. The research is based on a sequential explanatory mixed methods design. In the first quantitative phase, the researcher developed two questionnaires, asking teachers for their perceptions of different hypothetical bullying scenarios, drawing on Expectancy Theory and Social Cognitive Theory. Questionnaires were adapted from those previously developed in a series of American studies (Bauman and Del Rio 2006; Yoon and Kerber 2003; Stauffer et al. 2012). They were administered to a purposive sample of teachers in both England and the US in order to provide a comparative element in two English-speaking country contexts. The questionnaires were analysed to establish whether there are differences between the perceptions and the reasons for responses for new and experienced teachers across the two different country contexts. The analyses also explored teacher perceptions of more long-term strategies to deal with cyberbullying. In the second qualitative phase, a series of semi-structured interviews were conducted with small sub samples of teachers in both England and the US to provide additional qualitative evidence about teachers' understandings and experiences of bullying. The interviews explored a number of topics emerging from the quantitative findings pertaining to bullying and cyberbullying, allowing teachers to comment on the survey findings and share their experiences. In addition, the analysis of the qualitative interviews offered the opportunity to provide richer descriptions and insights, building explanations and enhancing understandings. This process enables the research to investigate the degree of similarity between the quantitative and qualitative findings. The combination and integration of findings from both phases of the mixed methods study adds to the ability to triangulate findings and to explore and clarify the reasons for differences in perspectives between English and US teachers. In the mixed sequential explanatory strategy, quantitative findings reveal general trends from the data that are later expanded and investigated further within the qualitative phase. The discussion then explores the nature of the similarities and differences between these findings. The quantitative findings suggest that three main variables predicted both US and English teachers' responses to cyberbullying scenarios: the perceived seriousness of the situation, the confidence in one's ability, and the location (home having less of a response than school scenarios). The qualitative findings suggest that teachers' perceptions of severity could be shaped by current policies and the relationships teachers developed with their students; the perceived confidence in one's self could be mediated by one's interpretation of the school culture and the trust established with others on staff; responding to a home cyberbullying situation could depend on one's understanding of pastoral responsibilities and the current parental involvement. This research provides new findings that can inform policy makers and practitioners in designing and implementing anti-bullying programs that are relevant to different contexts. Knowledge of teacher perceptions could prove useful as a starting point for developing a teacher education program. An understanding of the different types of bullying and cyberbullying that need attention could enable anti-bullying programs to present new and relevant material.


A number of parameters have been identified as characteristic of the walking pattern in patients with INPH. Most of these have been identified through qualitative surveys and manually conducted test batteries. In order to obtain quantitative, standardized and objective measures, which enable studies based on larger patient populations and comparable results, there is a need for a user-friendly system that can measure specific key parameters over time in a reliable manner in everyday clinical work. Step height, width and the variability in the gait cycle are such parameters which are interesting research areas for this group of patient.Problems with balance and gait are very common in other patient groups as well, particularly in neurological diseases such as Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis and stroke.This is the reason that the development of this gait analyzer is performed. Giving access to a simple and objective method for estimating gait and balance ability in clinical routine investigations would increase the ability to provide the right kind of treatment, confirm treatment results, and conducting larger research studies. Therefore, this equipment can contribute to the assessment of diseases which contain impaired gait. As a first test of the usability and for the validation of accuracy and repeatability of the equipment a group of healthy volunteers was used. Results from tests on healthy subjects show god repeatability between measurements, for step width at normal gait the difference was -0,2 ±0,34 cm (mean, ±SD) and step height 0,69 ±3,34 cm. The stride time variability in the healthy group where very small 0,00048 ±0,00028 s2 with a difference between test of 0,000019 ±0,00038 s2. Three pilot patients have been tested where we have clearly seen indications of increased stride time variability and reduced step height.


The velocities of Ar + and Xe + ions near the presheath-sheath boundary in an Ar/Xe discharge are studied by particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo simulation. For a pure argon discharge the argon ion has almost the same velocity profile as it does in the mixture of argon and xenon. Similarly, for a xenon discharge the xenon ion has almost the same velocity profile as it does in the mixture of argon and xenon. The ion speed at the sheath-presheath boundary is the same for an ion in a pure argon or xenon discharge and for the same ion in a mixture of argon and xenon. We conclude that in our simulation, each ion reaches its own Bohm speed at the presheath-sheath interface.


A multi-scale finite-volume (MSFV) method for solving multiphase flow problem in highly heterogeneous
media was recently developed. In contrast with classical upscaling techniques, the goal of multiscale methods
is not simply to capture the large-scale effects of the fine-scale heterogeneity, but to provide an efficient tool
for solving large flow problems with fine-scale resolution.

The MSFV is based on a fractional flow formulation of the problem: first an equation for the total velocity is
solved, then a fine-scale velocity field is reconstructed, finally the phase-saturation distribution is obtained by
solving the nonlinear transport equations. In addition to the original fine grid the MSFV method employs an
imposed coarse grid and a dual coarse grid. The first step is to compute the effective parameters that have to
be used for solving the global flow problem on a coarse grid. This is done by means of a set of basis
functions, which are numerical solutions computed on the cells of the dual grid. From these basis functions,
the fluxes across the coarse-block boundaries are computed and the transmissibilities are extracted. Then the
conservative fine-scale total-velocity field is reconstructed by solving a local flow problem in each coarse cell.

In this paper we extend the MSFV method to account for gravity effects, which enables our method to work for
fairly realistic problems, e.g. dead-oil problems or black-oil problems. To correctly account for gravity effects
an additional local problem has to be solved on each block of the dual grid. This problem provides an
additional basis function (gravity basis function) that represents a local correction to the fluxes computed in
the absence of gravity.


One of the greatest threats to freedom of expression around the world is the violence committed against journalists practicing their profession in conflict situations. During the last 20 years, an alarming number of journalists have been targeted or killed when reporting about war. This situation has prompted several international organizations to offer suggestions on how to protect the messengers who report about war. In this study, the authors provide a historical overview of journalist protection. In addition, they explore a number of recent declarations, resolutions and strategies introduced to protect journalists targeted in conflict zones. One particularly controversial strategy, the Press Emblem Campaign, is examined by interviewing various international stakeholders. The authors demonstrate that while no clear comprehensive method to protect journalists has yet to be universally accepted, this global problem has generated increased international attention.


The current status of a computer-based tutorial system that uses a step-based tutoring approach to teach elementary linear circuit analysis is described. The system features automatic problem generation (varying both element values and circuit topology) and solution of those circuits by a variety of methods, including node and mesh analysis and current and voltage division. A wide variety of student inputs, such as algebraic and matrix equations, numerical answers, and redrawn circuits are accepted. A web-based interface is being developed with the capability to pose questions of various types in a sequence that can be specified by a tutorial writer in an authoring interface. Various pedagogical features such as color coding are employed to aid in student learning, and typical student misconceptions are being addressed. Recent work includes the addition of a web-based instructor interface where instructors can create class sections and continually monitor student progress, including access to detailed logs of student activity. Graphics are now displayed directly within the program to eliminate the need for PowerPoint and facilitate wider usage. A web-based waveform sketching tool is being developed that has the potential for wide use in other courses such as calculus as well. More complete problem solutions are now available including explicit equations for the desired voltages, currents, and powers. The software has been used on a mandatory or strongly encouraged basis in 10 sections of a linear course at Arizona State University (totaling over 560 students) and by 42 students at the University of Notre Dame, and a few students at the University of Virginia and two community colleges in 2013. Student satisfaction has been very high at all sites. A controlled, randomized laboratory-based study showed that learning gains are approximately 10X higher using the software tutorials than when working conventional textbook problems for the same period of time, with a statistically significant effect size (Cohen d-value) of 1.21 standard deviations.


Although business models presumably have a prominent role in socio-technical change remarkably little research has been conducted in this domain, more particularly in the context of developing economies. In this paper, we tap into this knowledge gap and study business model components and the challenges they face. We argue that the market value of renewable energy technologies will increase when new business models are implemented to overcome financial and institutional challenges. We complement concepts of the business model literature with the insights from the sustainable transitions literature. This paper addresses two research questions: What are the challenges of business and financial models in the transition towards decentralized solar energy driven systems? And what are the promising opportunities for new business models in a developing country context? To answer these research questions, we use a case study research design focusing on niche market development of solar thermal and solar photovoltaic (PV) technology in Lebanon. Data collection involved analysis of relevant text documents and expert interviews with 30 informants across different groups of stakeholders. Data analysis involved qualitative interpretation of collected data against concepts from the business model and Strategic Niche Management literatures. The results show that business model challenges initially were highly dependent on donor aid, which contributed to the launch and network creation of niche markets. Later, a shift to micro-finance and business startup models was observed, which showed promising development. Knowledge transfer and community empowerment were found to play an important role in developing new business models that involve consumers more closely. As this development is expected to take place more often, we expect that new opportunity pathways will develop in developing economies like Lebanon.


This paper describes an effort to investigate the transient process of an electrothermal plasma normally impinging on a plate or a solid propellant. The objective of this effort was to develop a better understanding of the fundamental aspects of this process so as to facilitate the development of the plasma ignition system for use in electrothermal chemical propulsion applications. The plasma is produced through a capillary discharge occurring within a polyethylene capillary with typical dimensions of 3.2mm in diameter and 26mm in length. The high-temperature and high-pressure plasma exited from the capillary into an ambient air environment and impinged normally onto a plate. Pressure transducers mounted on the plate were used to obtain the stagnation pressure of the plasma jet, and a multiple CCD imaging system was used to visualize this highly transient process. A second series of tests was performed with the stagnation plate replaced by a solid propellant sample. In these tests, plasma-induced surface changes were examined using a scanning electron microscope, mass loss of the propellant was measured, and decomposition species were analyzed using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The experimental results show that when the distance between the capillary exit port and the plate or propellant sample was varied, changes in plasma jet structure, stagnation pressures, and mass losses of the propellant were significant.


This paper introduces the abstraction of energy reserves for sensor networks that virtualizes energy sources. It gives each of several applications sharing a platform the illusion of having its own private energy source. Energy virtualization is the next logical step in embedded systems after visualizing communication links and CPU capacity. Energy virtualization has not been addressed in past sensor network literature because most current wireless sensor networks feature single-user applications. To amortize deployment costs, future sensor networks, deployed in remote or hard- to-access areas, will likely be leveraged by scientists from different disciplines, each having their independent application for their individual research purposes. Platforms, planned for such deployment, will befitted with the union of sensors needed, but independent applications will share the remaining resources such as in-field storage and communication bandwidth, calling for quotas and isolation mechanisms. The most expensive resource shared in sensor networks is energy. This paper provides an energy isolation mechanism, called the virtual battery, that logically divides energy among applications to provide each its private energy reserve. An application can manage its private energy independently as if it were running alone on the platform. The application is terminated when its reserve is depleted. We implement and evaluate this abstraction on MicaZ motes running LiteOS. Our results show that the virtual battery mechanism succeeds at exporting the private reserve abstraction accurately and at a low overhead.


Agroforestry plantings and other trees intentionally established in rural and urban areas are emerging as innovative management options for addressing resource issues and achieving landscape-level goals. An understanding of the contributions from these and future plantings would provide critical information to policy and program developers, and a comprehensive inventory would contribute to estimating the cumulative effects of these plantings. Trees used in these practices are not explicitly inventoried by either of the two primary national natural resource inventories: the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program of the USDA Forest Service and the National Resources Inventory (NRI) of the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service. The FIA program inventories trees in forests meeting specific size and density criteria. The NRI program compiles natural resource information on non-federal land in the United States. In this study, we estimate the agroforestry and other tree resources of Iowa and Missouri and document the obstacles to effective inventories of agroforestry practices. We propose minor modifications to national natural resource inventory programs that would lead to an improved assessment of agroforestry and other tree resources and practices.


Knowledge is a competitive advantage for companies. Knowledge Management helps to keep this competitiveness. Universities face with challenges in research, innovation and international competitiveness. The purpose of this paper includes studying Knowledge Management Models, and Innovation Models apply to Research Groups of Universities, through an analysis of relation in inter-organizational level. Some researchers and leaders of research groups participated in a survey about knowledge management and innovation. Here we show the relationship between knowledge management, innovation and research, including processes and operations performed by universities around these. We organize the results in three dimensions: Knowledge Management perception, the relationship between Knowledge Management and Innovation, and Strategic Knowledge organization. Too, we identify a generality of good practices, challenges, and limitations on Research Groups for Knowledge Management.


The wireless service subscriber calls a customer service representative to complain about dropped calls. During the conversation with the customer, the CSR views a display that shows this customer's probability of churn-switching from this service provider to another-as well as the most probable reasons to churn and the best strategy to retain this customer. The CSR then quickly responds to the subscriber according to the system's recommendation. This is an intelligent customer-care system designed to predict customer behavior. Predicting customer churn is a component in the decision framework for retaining customers and maximizing profitability. Companies can use these probability and revenue estimates in a decision-theoretic framework to determine a churn intervention strategy and a profitability optimization strategy. Predicting customer behavior helps service providers build customer loyalty and maximize profitability. For the success of a project, data preparation is often a critical part of the predictive algorithm.


This chapter examines the most visible and politically important act of conventional citizen participation: turning out to vote in a national election. Patterns of political participation are influenced by a variety of institutional factors, such as the type of electoral system and the number of political parties in a country, along with individual socioeconomic factors such as a person's educational attainments or income. A particular problem in many previously authoritarian societies is the absence of a diverse civil society, so that the social trust upon which a healthy democracy depends is often absent. The chapter first considers various dimensions of political participation before discussing voter turnout in democratic countries. It then analyses the effects of institutional arrangements such as election rules, the type of electoral system, and the party system on political participation. Finally, it describes some of the factors that determine whether or not citizens participate in politics.


We present a computation-centric theory of memory models. Unlike traditional processor-centric models, computation-centric models focus on the logical dependencies among instructions rather than the processor that happens to execute them. This theory allows us to define what a memory model is, and to investigate abstract properties of memory models. In particular, we focus on constructibility, which is a necessary property of those models that can be implemented exactly by an online algorithm. For a nonconstructible model, we show that there is a natural way to define the constructible version of that model. We explore the implications of constructibility in the context of dag-consistent memory models, which do not require that memory locations be serialized. The strongest dag-consistent model, called NN-dag consistency, is not constructible. However, its constructible version is equivalent to a model that we call location consistency, in which each location is serialized independently.


The effect of cimetidine, a histamine H2-receptor antagonist, on basal and beta-zole-stimulated gastric acid secretion was studied in 28 patients with peptic ulcer. The results demonstrate that cimetidine (300 mg IM), is a potent inhibitor of both basal and betazole-stimulated gastric acid secretion.


This paper aims to assess and to analyze the sustainability of Tunisian olive growing system. Results show two types of farms in this sector. The first one is the traditional farms. The second is the modern farms. The sustainable value method (SV_method) inspired from the "ADVANCE" approach showed that those who adopt the modern management of the olive tree are more sustainable than the traditional type. In fact, the modern group presents a positive sustainable value. However, the traditional group recorded less efficient values than the Benchmark. Indeed, its Sustainable Value is negative, which means that the farms belonging to this group are not economically viable. Therefore, the traditional mode of management and the lack of innovation threaten future farming and viability of traditional olive tree farms. Furthermore, since most of these farms are family type, the cultural utility, which explains the current existence of these farms, will be insufficient and decision-makers must enhance the adoption of new governance models.


Background—Higher blood pressure in acute heart failure has been associated with improved survival; however, the relationship between blood pressure and survival in stabilized patients at hospital discharge has not been established. Methods and Results—In 7448 patients with heart failure (75.2±11.5 years; 49.9% men) discharged from the hospital in Ontario, Canada, we examined the association of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure with long-term survival. Parametric survival analysis was performed, and survival time ratios were determined according to discharge blood pressure group. A total of 25 427 person-years of follow-up were examined. In those with left ventricular ejection fraction ≤40%, median survival was decreased by 17% (survival time ratio, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.71 to 0.98; P=0.029) when discharge SBP was 100 to 119 mm Hg and decreased by 23% (survival time ratio, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.62 to 0.97; P=0.024) when discharge SBP was <100 mm Hg, compared with those in the reference range of 120 to 139 mm Hg. Survival time ratios were 0.75 (95% CI, 0.60 to 0.92; P=0.007) and 0.75 (95% CI, 0.53 to 1.07; P=0.12) when discharge SBPs were 140 to 159 and ≥160 mm Hg, respectively. In those with left ventricular ejection fraction >40%, survival time ratios were 0.69 (95% CI, 0.51 to 0.93), 0.83 (95% CI, 0.71 to 0.99), 0.95 (95% CI, 0.80 to 1.14), and 0.76 (95% CI, 0.61 to 0.95) for discharge SBPs <100, 100 to 119, 140 to 159, and ≥160 mm Hg, respectively. Conclusions—In this long-term population-based study of patients with heart failure, the association of discharge SBP with mortality followed a U-shaped distribution. Survival was shortened in those with reduced or increased values of discharge SBP.


We formulate a notion of stable outcomes in matching problems with one-sided asymmetric information. The key conceptual problem is to formulate a notion of a blocking pair that takes account of the inferences that the uninformed agent might make from the hypothesis that the current allocation is stable. We show that the set of stable outcomes is nonempty in incomplete information environments, and is a superset of the set of complete-information stable outcomes. We then provide sufficient conditions for incomplete-information stable matchings to be efficient. Lastly, we define a notion of price sustainable allocations and show that the set of incomplete- information stable matchings is a subset of the set of such allocations.


Recently, the needs of silk in the world is about 2,000 tons per year still can not be fulfilled due to lack of silkworm productivity. Indonesia has potential to develop natural silk, its amount of production is not more than 500 tons per year. Therefore, in order to obtain maximum production results, it should be supported by feed sources should be sufficiently sustainable. Cassava leaves can be used as an alternative feed on the silkworm's farming which is call Samia cynthia ricini. The availability of its feed sources is abundant and the quality is extremely good. This study aims to: 1) analyse the feasibility level of agribusiness in cassava leaves silkworm eaters in Malang district, 2) describe the best marketing strategy based on SWOT analysis. The method used in this research was economic feasibility analysis or cost-benefit analysis which used to identify benefit, NPV and IRR. The results of the research indicate that the silkworm farming is profitable, with profit at 21.753.000,- annually; with B/C ratio of 1,074, NPV value is at Rp 144.287.115,- for a up to 5 years of cash flows, and the IRR value is at 2,896%. The application of development strategy in cassava leaves silkworm eaters should be based on internal and external factor in SWOT analysis, S-O, S-T, W-O and W-T.


Abstract Until recently, there have been relatively few natural examples of basement fault reactivation, demonstrating convincing hard-linkage to underlying structure and a well-constrained three-dimensional (3D) geometry and timing of reactivation. Applying various quantitative techniques to high quality 3D seismic data, we describe the Cenozoic structure and growth of a reactivated Mesozoic normal fault in the NW Porcupine Basin, west of Ireland. We demonstrate a previously unrecognized period of Mid–Late Eocene extensional reactivation with a tectonic, rather than the previously suggested compactional, origin. East–west extensional reactivation of a north–south- to NE–SW-trending basement fault led to the development of a highly segmented and systematically stepping fault array in the Cenozoic cover. A clear relationship between the displacement of hanging-wall antithetic faults and displacement along the main synthetic system is attributed to the antithetics primarily accommodating strain associated with a hanging-wall rollover anticline. Our study shows that displacement analysis provides an excellent basis for defining the kinematics of basement fault reactivation, and the importance of fault segmentation and twisting during the upwards propagation of reactivated faults. Fault timing corresponds to a period of rapid differential subsidence, the magnitude of which is too large to be attributable solely to extensional reactivation of basement faults.


The article aims to illustrate the role of directives of the European Union in organizing the activity of banking deposit guarantee. Given the fact that, at present, financial crises are becoming more frequent, and the consequences affect the confidence of depositors in the banking system, it is necessary to undertake measures for the creation and improvement of institutions for guaranteeing bank deposits. At the European level, are drawn up directives relating to the imposition of banking deposit guarantee schemes and the member countries, during a given period of time, shall be obliged to transpose the requirements of this directive in the national law. The goal of research is to identify elements of deposit-guarantee schemes recommended by European directives, appreciation of amendments made to Directive 2014/49/EU. The methodology of research. The article was elaborated in base of European directives given in bibliographic references. In order to obtain research results the author was use the analytical method and comparison method, the last having a higher share. The research results. The study allowed the appreciation of the importance of European directives in elaborating the deposit guarantee schemes.


Aiming at relieving the mode mixing of the intrinsic time-scale decomposition (ITD) method used to process the intermittent signals, the improved intrinsic time-scale decomposition (IITD) method is proposed in the paper. The IITD method employs white noise which has the uniform power distribution in different frequencies as a reference to resolve the problem. Furthermore, a simulation signal was utilized to examine the performance of the IITD method as well as that of the original ITD method. As a result, the comparison between the results from the two methods indicates that the IITD method reflects an obvious improvement on the original ITD method for processing the intermittent signals.


THE FANTASTIC STRUCTURE OF FREEDOM: SARTRE, FREUD, AND LACAN Gregory A. Trotter B.A., M.A. Marquette University, 2019 This dissertation reassesses the complex philosophical relationship between Sartre and psychoanalysis. Most scholarship on this topic focuses on Sartre's criticisms of the unconscious as anathema both to his conception of the human psyche as devoid of any hidden depths or mental compartments and, correlatively, his account of human freedom. Many philosophers conclude that there is little common ground between Sartrean existentialism and psychoanalytic theory. I argue, on the contrary, that by shifting the emphasis from concerns about the nature of the unconscious to questions about the role of imagination in psychical life, we can see that Sartre and Freudian-Lacanian psychoanalytic theory develop strikingly similar accounts of human subjectivity. After establishing the historical background of Sartre's career-long engagement with psychoanalysis, I demonstrate the proximity of Sartre and Lacan on the nature of unconscious thought. I proceed to develop the claim that there is a homology between the concept of unconscious fantasy in psychoanalysis and the concept of the imaginary in Sartre's philosophical corpus. Despite the concept of fantasy being one of the more structuralist-inspired aspects of Lacan's metapsychology, I show that Sartre's concept of the imaginary is likewise a structural feature of the psyche, one which establishes the coordinates within which the subject engages with the world. For Sartre, Freud, and Lacan fantasies form the core of subjectivity, giving form to the basic patterns of one's character. Taken together, these three thinkers furnish a nuanced view of fantasy/the imaginary. On the one hand it is determining insofar as it is responsible for many of the psychopathologies met with in psychoanalysis. On the other hand, it is liberating insofar as the agency of the subject is implicated in the formation of fantasy. I thereby show that Sartre does not fit the caricatured picture of a radical voluntarist that is often attributed to him and that psychoanalysis can accommodate a conception of human freedom.


In their book The Behavior of Federal Judges, Professors Lee Epstein and William Landes and Judge Richard Posner offer many insights into the workings of the federal judiciary. Two of their findings, however, strike me as curious: (1) A high rate of dissent in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, and (2) a significant ideological influence upon decisions of the courts of appeals generally. In this brief essay, I examine these findings based upon limited quantitative evidence and some direct observations drawn from 27 years of service on the D.C. Circuit.


OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to examine patient history as well as clinical and laboratory features associated with true bacteremia versus false bacteremia in previously healthy febrile children ages 0 to 36 months in the era of polyvalent conjugate pneumococcal immunization.

METHODS
Using retrospective chart review, we examined history, physical examination, and laboratory characteristics associated with true and false bacteremia. We included subjects under 3 years old, with a positive blood culture obtained in the emergency department or clinic from July 2011 to July 2013, and fever defined as a temperature of greater than or equal to 100.4°F by history or examination. We excluded those with a previously known underlying disease process that could increase the risk for positive blood culture, for example, immunodeficiency, cancer, cystic fibrosis, or significant skin disorders such as severe eczema, as well as patients with any indwelling central line, shunt, or other implanted device, or recent hospitalization for a febrile illness.

RESULTS
Thirty subjects (24%) had true bacteremia, and 97 (76%) had false bacteremia. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, exposure to sick contacts (odds ratio, 0.1; 95% confidence interval, 0.01-0.6; P = 0.01) and increased hours to positive blood culture (odds ratio, 0.8; 95% confidence interval, 0.8-0.9; P < 0.001) remained significant factors associated with false bacteremia. Age, maximum reported temperature, and reported days of fever were not associated with true bacteremia.

CONCLUSIONS
We found that previously healthy children with true bacteremia are more likely to grow bacteria faster on blood culture and lack exposure to sick contacts than children with false bacteremia.


Despite extensive research on the involvement of oxytocin (OT) in mammalian bonding, less is known about its role in human social affiliation across the life cycle. Forty-five romantically unattached young adults participated. Plasma oxytocin and salivary cortisol were assessed using enzyme immuno-assay, and self-report measures of bonding, attachment, anxiety, and depression were collected. Oxytocin was associated with bonding to own parents and inversely related to psychological distress, particularly depressive symptoms. Cortisol was related to attachment anxiety. Regression analysis indicated that the adult's representations of bonding to parents predicted OT levels above and beyond cortisol, psychological distress, and attachment. Findings are consistent with antistress models of oxytocin and suggest that oxytocin may play a role in bonding-related cognitions across the life span.


A new oxy(ether)tris(amine) macrocycle, MC has been synthesized for CuII complex formation within the cavity of the macrocyclic wheel in endotopic fashion. This complex is further reacted with the bidentate chelating ligands, 1,10-phenanthroline (L1), 2,2′-bipyridyl (L2), 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridyl (L3) and 5,5′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridyl (L4) to achieve the pseudorotaxanes PRT1–PRT4, respectively. These bis-heteroleptic complexes were characterized by the electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), UV/Vis, EPR spectroscopy and Single-crystal X-ray structural analysis. Binding constants of the heteroleptic complexes were found in the range of 1.16 × 10(2) to 1.55 × 103 M(-1) in acetonitrile. Further, the double level selectivity studies of MC using different metal ions [CoII, NiII, CuII, ZnII] and a number of simple bidentate chelating ligands shows the selective formation of PRT1 that justifies the self-sorting nature of the system. Further, substitution of axles from pseudorotaxanes PRT2–PRT4 could also be achieved by L1 with nearly 100% efficiency. To corroborate the experimental studies (comparison with the crystal geometry, importance of the π–π stacking, etc.) the geometries of the pseudorotaxanes were optimized using DFT (B3LYP) in the gas phase.


Purpose: The aim of this work was to study the clinical presentation, management and outcomes of orbital and adnexal amyloidosis. Methods: This retrospective analysis included all the patients diagnosed with orbital and adnexal amyloidosis between January 1990 and December 2019. Positive staining with Congo Red and apple-green birefringence on polarized light microscopy established the diagnosis. Data analyzed included demographic profile, varied presentations, management, and outcome. Results: Thirty-three eyes of 26 patients were included. The male:female ratio was 1:1. The mean age of the study population was 42.6 ± 16 years. The median duration of symptoms was two years. Unilateral involvement was seen in 19 eyes (right = 11, left = 8). The most common presenting feature was acquired ptosis. Eyelid was the most commonly affected site followed by orbit and conjunctiva. Two patients had systemic involvement in the form of multiple myeloma and lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. Complete excision was done in seven (26.9%) cases while 19 (73.1%) cases underwent debulking. Three patients underwent ptosis surgery. The median duration of follow-up was 1.5 years. Three cases had recurrence and underwent repeat surgery. Conclusion: Orbit and adnexa is a rare site for amyloidosis. It is usually localized; however it can occur as a part of systemic amyloidosis. Eyelid is the most common site of involvement and patients usually present as eyelid mass or ptosis. Complete excision is difficult and most of the patients usually undergo debulking surgery. All patients should undergo screening for systemic amyloidosis


The inventive hybridity of early modern ecclesiastical architecture in France mixes the traditional and local forms derived from the medieval past with neoclassical ones imported from Italy and ultimately derived from antiquity. Although this combination of seemingly disparate styles generally characterizes sixteenth-century French churches, the flying buttresses of the Church of Sainte-Madeleine in Montargis remain exceptional in their classicizing reimagination of a conventional architectural typology. In Architectural Design as an Expression of Religious Tolerance: The Case of Sainte-Madeleine in Montargis, Maile Hutterer suggests that the unusual form of the Montargis buttresses derives from the political and religious circumstances of their creation. Calvinist Jacques Androuet du Cerceau I is the most likely designer of the Montargis buttresses, and they were constructed while Montargis was part of the holdings of Protestant sympathizer Renee de France. The designer9s careful balancing of orthodoxy and heterodoxy paralleled Renee9s carefully constructed position between Catholicism and Calvinism.


The gradual abatement of rural-urban migration in Latin America and the Caribbean is leading to growing prevalence of migration between cities, a phenomenon about which little theory or empirical studies have been developed in the region. Accordingly, this work uses census microdata —the only source available in the region for estimating migration between cities— from a dozen countries to: (i) estimate the recent evolution of this migration using categories based on cities' population size (including a residual category that groups municipalities without cities); (ii) estimate the effect of this migration on the composition by sex, age, and education level of these categories of city, and (iii) evaluate in a general and preliminary manner the two-way links between the socioeconomic conditions of cities and the magnitude and effects of migration.


The editors of Foods would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2015. [...].


Three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical Co3O4 nanocatalysts with different morphologies and various exposed crystal planes were synthesized via a hydrothermal process without the use of a cobalt surfactant precursor and subsequent direct thermal decomposition. The morphologies obtained include 3D hierarchical cube-stacked Co3O4 microspheres (C sample), 3D hierarchical plate-stacked Co3O4 flowers (P sample), 3D hierarchical needle-stacked Co3O4 double-spheres with an urchin-like structure (N sample), and 3D hierarchical sheet-stacked fan-shaped Co3O4 (S sample), which exhibit high efficiency for the total oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Among them, the C sample exhibits the best activity with the temperature required for achieving a toluene conversion of 90% (T90%) of approximately 248 °C and the activity energy (Ea) of 80.2 kJ mol−1, which is at least 32 °C lower than that of the S sample with a higher Ea of 114.9 kJ mol−1 at a space velocity (WHSV) of 48 000 mL g−1 h−1. The effects of morphology on the physicochemical properties and catalytic activity of the Co3O4 catalysts are investigated using numerous analytical techniques. It is concluded that the large specific surface area, highly defective structure with abundant surface adsorbed oxygen species and rich high valence Co ions in the C sample are responsible for its excellent catalytic performance. Moreover, no significant decrease in catalytic efficiency is observed over 120 h at 255 °C on the C sample, which indicates that it exhibits excellent stability for toluene oxidation. Therefore, it shows potential as a non-noble catalyst in practical applications.


Background and Purpose: The purpose of this project was to utilize concurrent chart review with electronic medical record as one method to improve stroke performance measures. In order to standardize and improve stroke care in the acute care setting, stroke performance measures have been set forth by the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association through Get With The Guidelines Registry, and from the Joint Commission. Maintaining stroke measures above goal can present a challenge in the world of paper documentation and chart review after discharge. Electronic medical record (EMR) allows multiple providers, including physicians, nurses, therapists, and stroke coordinator to access the health record concurrently during the patient's hospital stay. Methods: Guided by a successful program implemented by St Mary's Health Center in Jefferson City, Missouri, a 2 step concurrent chart review process was initiated for all stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) patients admitted to our facility. A stroke coordinator conducted chart review via EMR focusing on 8 of the quality measures (Early Antithrombotics, venous thromboembolism prophylaxis, antithrombotics at discharge, anticoagulation at discharge for atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter, smoking cessation, statin at discharge, dysphagia screen, and stroke education). Chart review was conducted the day after admission and the day of discharge with the goal of correcting potential outliers on the same day of chart review. Monthly performance data was collected over 1 year. Results: Concurrent chart review was conducted on 409 stroke/TIA patients. There was gradual improvement in quality and core stroke measures following implementation with achieving and sustaining 100% in 7 measures by month 6 and acheivement of >90% for dysphagia screen. Conclusions: In conclusion, concurrent chart review with the use of electronic medical record allows the stroke coordinator to focus on core and quality measures, while allowing multiple members of the stroke team (physician, nurse, and therapist) to access the same patient record. This also provides opportunities for collaboration and process improvement within the same stroke team.


A laboratory experiment was performed as replication of the original one created by M. Cohen and P. Bacdayan at Michigan University. It consists in a twopersons card game played by a large number of pairs, whose actions are stored in a computer's memory. In order to achieve the final goal each player must discover his sub-goals, and must coordinate his action with the partner's one. The game therefore involves the division of knowledge and cooperation among players, and gives rise to the emergence of organizational routines. It is suggested that the organizational routines, i.e. the sequences of patterned actions which lead to the realization of the final goal, cannot be fully memorized because of their variety and number. It is shown that players do not possess all the knowledge needed by an hypothetical supervisor to play the best strategy: they generally explore only a limited part of the space of the potential rules, and therefore learn and memorize a simple, bounded set of "personal" meta-rules. These meta-rules, also called "production rules" in standard Cognitive Science's language, are of the form <If "Condition" then "Action">. Each "Condition" can concern either the game configurations or the partner's action. In the former case the identification of an appropriate "Action" depends on the sub-goals exploration . In the latter it depends on the recognition (or discovery) of interaction rules ; in this eventuality the production rule embodies a dynamic and possibly cooperative reaction to the partner's action. Organizational procedures (routines) therefore emerge as the outcome of a distributed process generated by "personal" production rules . These routines, as in von Hayek's view, "can be understood as if it were made according to a single plan, although nobody has planned it." (Hayek, 1980, p. 54). Empirical evidence is provided to support the


The purpose of this study was to identify the percentage of individuals with distinct anterior and middle calcaneal facets. Calcaneal lengthening osteotomy, as popularized by Mosca, is extra-articular, with its site being the interval between the anterior and middle calcaneal facets. For individuals without a distinct anterior and middle facet, the subtalar joint must be violated to perform this operation. The authors studied 1,056 calcanei in 528 human cadavers from the Hamann-Todd Osteology Collection at the Cleveland Museum of Natural History. Findings were categorized using the Bunning and Barnett classification of subtalar facet configuration. Type A was found in 389 calcanei (37%), type B in 480 calcanei (46%), and type C in only two calcanei. Transitional type was found in 122 calcanei (12%). There was no anterior facet in 61 calcanei (6%). Asymmetry was found in 51 cadavers (10%). Most calcaneal lengthening osteotomies will occur intra-articularly, which may affect clinical results.


Reduced mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) from the bone marrow (BM) and impaired EPC recruitment into the wound represent a fundamental deficiency in the chronic ulcers. However, mechanistic understanding of the role of BM‐derived EPCs in cutaneous wound neovascularization and healing remains incomplete, which impedes development of EPC‐based wound healing therapies. The objective of this study was to determine the role of EPCs in wound neovascularization and healing both under normal conditions and using single deficiency (EPC) or double‐deficiency (EPC + diabetes) models of wound healing. MMP9 knockout (MMP9 KO) mouse model was utilized, where impaired EPC mobilization can be rescued by stem cell factor (SCF). The hypotheses were: (1) MMP9 KO mice exhibit impaired wound neovascularization and healing, which are further exacerbated with diabetes; (2) these impairments can be rescued by SCF administration. Full‐thickness excisional wounds with silicone splints to minimize contraction were created on MMP9 KO mice with/without streptozotocin‐induced diabetes in the presence or absence of tail‐vein injected SCF. Wound morphology, vascularization, inflammation, and EPC mobilization and recruitment were quantified at day 7 postwounding. Results demonstrate no difference in wound closure and granulation tissue area between any groups. MMP9 deficiency significantly impairs wound neovascularization, increases inflammation, decreases collagen deposition, and decreases peripheral blood EPC (pb‐EPC) counts when compared with wild‐type (WT). Diabetes further increases inflammation, but does not cause further impairment in vascularization, as compared with MMP9 KO group. SCF improves neovascularization and increases EPCs to WT levels (both nondiabetic and diabetic MMP9 KO groups), while exacerbating inflammation in all groups. SCF rescues EPC‐deficiency and impaired wound neovascularization in both diabetic and nondiabetic MMP9 KO mice. Overall, the results demonstrate that BM‐derived EPCs play a significant role during wound neovascularization and that the SCF‐based therapy with controlled inflammation could be a viable approach to enhance healing in chronic diabetic wounds.


Female choice and sperm competition can be important determinants of male reproductive success. I investigated which ornamental traits females preferred, a potential direct benefit of female choice, and which sperm traits were related to competitive fertilization success, in the redside dace (Clinostomus elongatus). I identified male ornaments, female preference for these ornaments, and the relationships between ornaments and sperm traits to determine if females might derive fertility benefits by choosing ornamented males. My findings indicate that females prefer males with more breeding colouration with higher hue values and that those males tended to produce large quantities of high velocity sperm. I also studied sperm competition mechanisms using in-vitro fertilization and found that sperm velocity was the primary determinant of competitive fertilization success. These studies are the first on mate choice and sperm competition in this species, and contribute to our understanding of sexual selection in general.


Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of E-cadherin, β-catenin, vimentin and S100A4 expression in a cohort of squamous cell lung carcinoma (SqCC) patients. Methods Tumours from 204 patients with surgically resected SqCC were used for the immunohistochemical analyses of E-cadherin, β-catenin, vimentin and S100A4 expression. Correlations between the expression of these markers and clinicopathological parameters were analysed using the χ2 test. The prognostic value of these markers was evaluated using univariate Kaplan–Meier survival analyses and multivariate Cox proportional hazards model analyses. Results Significant associations between E-cadherin expression and T stage (p=0.040), histological differentiation (p=0.005), lymph node metastasis (p<0.001), and recurrence (p<0.001) were identified. Decreased β-catenin expression was significantly correlated with T stage (p=0.003) and lymph node metastasis (p=0.010). Vimentin expression was associated with histological differentiation (p=0.017) and lymph node metastasis (p=0.001). Moreover, significant correlations were observed between S100A4 expression and lymph node metastasis (p=0.020) and recurrence (p<0.001). In the univariate analyses, high E-cadherin expression was a positive indicator for overall survival (OS) (p<0.001) and disease-free survival (DFS) (p<0.001), whereas high S100A4 or vimentin expression were negative indicators for OS (p<0.001 and p=0.010, respectively) and DFS (p<0.001 and p=0.006, respectively). In the multivariate analyses, E-cadherin and S100A4 expression were independent prognostic factors for OS (HR 0.697, 95% CI 0.524 to 0.926, p=0.013, and HR 1.508, 95% CI 1.122 to 2.027, p=0.007, respectively) and DFS (HR 0.634, 95% CI 0.471 to 0.852, p=0.003, and HR 1.490, 95% CI 1.101 to 2.015, p=0.010, respectively). Conclusions Effective analysis of E-cadherin and S100A4 expression may allow for the identification of patients who are at a high risk of recurrence and poor prognosis in SqCC.


The study carried on C. (Morphocarabus) zawadzkii Reitter 1896, taxon belonging to the controversial supraspecific level: subsp. of C. (Morphocarabus) scheidleri Panz.; subsp. of C. (Morphocarabus) zawadzkii Kr. In a forthcoming paper carrying on 8 species from Romania and 1 from France, the marker 28Sr ensures the next regrouping: I. the super-group rothi with hampei, rothi, comptus, alutensis, kollari where C. (Morphocarabus) kollari Palliardi should be attached at rothi and not at scheidleri; II. group seriatissimus-incomptus, not positioned in relation to zawadzkii and scheidleri because of samples lack; III. monilis et excellens in separates groups. However the endophallus of seriatissimus has a close form to that of C. (Morphocarabus) zawadzkii dissimilis Csiki but different from that of C. (Morphocarabus) scheidleri Panz. to which, without doubt, seriatissimus is not attached. The geographical distribution in Romania (RO) and in Ukraine (UA) was clarified (bibliographic data of variable ancientness and recent collections). The known localities (especially RO) appearing on a map. The species occurs in the Maramureș Mountains (Romania, Ukraine), Podpula (UA), Țibleș Mountains (RO) and western foothills of Rodna Mountains (RO). It cohabits with C. (Morphocarabus) incompsus Kr. 1880 in the Chornogora Mountains (UA) and perhaps in the Tibleș Mountains (RO). An analysis concerns two populations groups: the north zone (Lunca la Tisa, Bocicoel, Repedea, Ruscova, Borșa) in the Maramures County and the east zone (Romuli, Telciu) at western edge of the Rodna Mountains in the Bistrița Nasaud County. The morphometric characteristics distinguish these two groups: the individuals of the East group have higher dimensions to those of the North group. The morphometric analysis was completed with the molecular biology analysis. The molecular markers COI I, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and 16 S rRNA clearly distinguish the northern and eastern groups with a modest variability (differences 6 base pairs for the COI I, 5 base pairs for cytochrome b), either respectively an interpopulation variability of 1.15 and 0 75%; compatible values with the literature data. The 12 S marker does not provide any distinction. In the analysis of COI I some origins of C. (Morphocarabus) incompsus Kr. (species belonging to the same group as C. (Morphocarabus) zawadzkii seriatissimus Reitter) ranks near the eastern group. The nuclear markers Wg and Pepck show the sequence positions with individuals supernumerary holding bases whose origin is discussed (insufficient samples, introgression). A possible introgression requires the study of more individuals and to identify a possible donor.