The details of how narrow, orogen‐parallel ocean basins are filled with sediment by large axial submarine channels is important to understand because these depositional systems commonly form in through‐like basins in various tectonic settings. The Magallanes foreland basin is an excellent location to study an orogen‐parallel deep‐marine system. Conglomerate lenses of the Upper Cretaceous Cerro Toro Formation have been previously interpreted to represent the fill of a single submarine channel (4–8 km wide, >100 km long) that funneled coarse detritus southward along the basin axis. This interpretation was based on lithologic correlations. New U/Pb dating of zircons from volcanic ashes and sandstones, coupled with strontium isotope stratigraphy, refine the controls on depositional ages and provenance. Results demonstrate that north‐south oriented conglomerate lenses are contemporaneous within error limits (ca. 84–82 Ma) supporting that they represent parts of an axial channel belt. Channel deposits 20 km west of the axial location are 87–82 Ma in age. These channels are partly contemporaneous with the ones within the axial channel belt, making it likely that they represent feeders to the axial channel system. The northern Cerro Toro Formation spans a Turonian to Campanian interval (ca. 90–82 Ma) whereas the formation top, 70 km to the south, is as young as ca. 76 Ma. Kolmogorov–Smirnoff statistical analysis on detrital zircon age distributions shows that the northern uppermost Cerro Toro Formation yields a statistically different age distribution than other samples from the same formation but shows no difference relative to the overlying Tres Pasos Formation. These results suggest the partly coeval deposition of both formations. Integration of previously acquired geochronologic and stratigraphic data with new data show a pronounced southward younging pattern in all four marine formations in the Magallanes Basin. Highly diachronous infilling may be an important depositional pattern for narrow, orogen‐parallel ocean basins.


Abnormal redox homeostasis and oxidative stress have been proposed to play a role in the etiology of several neuropsychiatric disorders and emerging interest has recently focused on markers of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative disorders as well as in different forms of chronic mental illness. Oxidative stress and altered antioxidant systems have been considered an important factor underlying the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Altered expression of genes related to oxidative stress, oxidative damage to DNA, protein and lipids, as well as alterations in the redox state in central and peripheral tissues could act synergistically, and contribute to the course of the disease. Specifically, we discuss the emerging role of lipoxinA4 and inflammasome in neurodegeneration. However, the notion that low levels of stress can induce responses that may be protective against the pathogenic processes is a frontier area of neurobiological research focal to understanding and developing therapeutic approaches to neurodegenerative disorders. Herein, we discuss the potenial therapeutic role of Coriolus versicolor, a mushrooom, well known in China as Yun Zhi. We propose a potentially innovative treatment for AD and, possibly, other neurodegenerative conditions associated to neuroinflammation.


ABSTRACT This research studied potential factors associated with pedestrian injury severity levels sustained in train-pedestrian crashes at highway-rail grade crossings (HRGCs) using the Federal Railroad Administration's ten-year data. The analysis focused on nonsuicide pedestrian crashes and took into consideration the unobserved heterogeneity. Latent class clustering (LCC) addressed unobserved heterogeneity by creating distinct subgroups with relatively homogeneous attributes within each subgroup. HRGC inventory variables were the basis for the LCC; the process split the dataset into five distinguished clusters. Binary logit models for each cluster and the complete data set were estimated. A generalized linear mixed model, based on the complete data set, allowed examination of the clustering and comparison of the modeling results. Findings provided justification for the use of LCC as the first step in accounting for unobserved heterogeneity. Different HRGC, pedestrian, and crash characteristics were associated with pedestrian injury severity across different clusters. Higher train speed was associated with more severe injury propensity, regardless of the conditions of the HRGCs. Other variables including freight train involvement, train hitting pedestrian, HRGCs with the absence of flashing lights, advance warnings, rural areas, lower visibility conditions, and older pedestrians increased pedestrian injury severity levels with varying effects in different clusters.


Oil contamination in soils causes several geotechnical problems that must be considered during construction. The contamination occurs due to oil seepage which could happen during oil explorations and production processes or oil transportation. The site of West Qurna oilfield in Basrah was selected for this study because it has witnessed oil seepages many times. In order to study the significant impact on geotechnical properties of soils in the West Qurna site, as uncontaminated bulk soil sample was taken at a depth of 1 m, and crude oil was added at weight ratios of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 %. Laboratory tests were performed on all samples; these tests included particle size distribution, moisture content, Atterberg's limits, consolidation, unconfined compressive strength, and water absorption. The results show that soil at the West Qurna site is clayey silt with little sand and the moisture content is 29.21%. The values of liquid limit and plasticity index were gradually decreased, while the plastic limit was increased with increasing of crude oil in the soil of study. There was an increase in consolidation coefficients [compressive index, swelling index, pre-consolidation pressure, and coefficient of consolidation] with an increase in the percentages of crude oil in the soil. The results also show that there was a decrease in the values of unconfined compressive strength and absorption of water as the crude oil was increased in the soil.


T helper 17 (Th17) cells produce interleukin (IL) 17-A. In addition, Th17 cells produce IL-21 and IL-22. Th17 cells have a disease-promoting role in Crohn's disease (CD). We investigated the effects of anti-TNFα treatment on mucosal gene expression (qPCR) of IL-17A, IL-21, and IL-22 as well as on the frequency of lamina propria (LP) T cell subsets producing these cytokines (flow cytometry) in 12 active CD patients before and after 4 weeks of anti-TNFα treatment with adalimumab. At baseline, in inflamed mucosa we found increased gene expression of IL-17A and IL-22 but not IL-21 when compared to noninflamed mucosa. There were increased frequencies of IL-21-producing LP T cells but no differences in the frequencies of IL-17A- or IL-22-producing LP T cells when comparing inflamed versus noninflamed mucosa at baseline. There were no changes in the mucosal gene expression of IL-17A, IL-21, and IL-22 or the frequencies of IL-17A-, IL-21- and IL-22-producing LP T cell subsets between baseline and following 4 weeks of adalimumab initiation. Our results do not support the hypothesis that anti-TNFα treatment has an early effect on the mucosal levels of IL-17A, IL-21, and IL-22 or LP T cell production of these cytokines in CD.


Do voters reward presidents for increased federal spending in their local constituencies? Previous research on the electoral consequences of federal spending has focused almost exclusively on Congress, mostly with null results. However, in a county- and individual-level study of presidential elections from 1988 to 2008, we present evidence that voters reward incumbent presidents (or their party's nominee) for increased federal spending in their communities. This relationship is stronger in battleground states. Furthermore, we show that federal grants are an electoral currency whose value depends on both the clarity of partisan responsibility for its provision and the characteristics of the recipients. Presidents enjoy increased support from spending in counties represented by co-partisan members of Congress. At the individual level, we also find that ideology conditions the response of constituents to spending; liberal and moderate voters reward presidents for federal spending at higher levels than conservatives. Our results suggest that, although voters may claim to favor deficit reduction, presidents who deliver such benefits are rewarded at the ballot box.


Rhabdomyomatous mesenchymal hamartoma (RMH) is a rare congenital lesion of the dermis and soft tissue, first described in 1986 as a striated muscle hamartoma. It has been reported under various names: striated muscle hamartoma, congenital midline hamartoma, hamartoma of cutaneous adnexa and mesenchyme. Etiology of this lesion is unknown; it has been hypothesized that be due to an abnormal migration of mesodermal stem cells during embryiogenesis or to right genetic defects. Patients with RMH occasionally have other congenital defects. RMH usually presents as a polypoid or papular cutaneous lesion that ranges in size from a few millimeters to 1-2 cm and occurs in areas where there is a superficial striated muscle, as the nose, chin, periorbital and anterior neck areas. Here we report a case of RMH in a 2-year-old child presenting with a congenital polypoid mass on the nasal skin.


Development and implementation of a program for rational use of the land of the city has become first priority for ensuring self-goverment and democracy in Veliky Novgorod, and is seen as the first step towards a system of sustainable city development. The article describes how new routines and legal instruments are introduced to support local self-government and public participation in urban planning, and the development of a real estate market. A system of zooning establishes legal rules which regulate the use of land and constructions of real estate. A geographic information system (GIS) has been introduced to develop the cadaster of the city.


This article examines the relationship between endothelial dysfunction and "small vessel disease." Newer technologies have facilitated the study of this issue. Using a Doppler wire and the intracoronary administration of acetylcholine and pa-paverine, a difference can be made between functional and chronic-trophic disturbances of the coronary reserve. Papaverine induces smooth muscle cell-mediated vasodilation, acetylcholine induces nitric oxide (NO)-mediated vasodilation. The data revealed that endothelial dysfunction may be related to disturbances in the microcirculation. In addition to those vasomotor-related properties, other factors such as antithrombotic, antiadhesive disturbances contribute to the disturbed microcirculation. Newer techniques, such as serial positron emission tomography, may yield an even better understanding of these processes.


OBJECTIVE
The Loi Évin legislation restricts alcohol advertising in France and is more comprehensive than the self-regulation-based U.K. approach. Through contributions to news media and parliamentary processes, stakeholders can play an important role in framing the debate around public policy. This project therefore aimed to analyze how the Loi Évin has been represented since its inception in U.K. media and Parliament by the advertising and alcohol industries, politicians, and nongovernmental organizations.

METHOD
Qualitative analysis of media and parliamentary documents using the hermeneutic method, analyzing contexts in which the Loi Évin was mentioned by stakeholders in the media and in Parliament. Print and trade media articles referencing the Loi Évin were retrieved from the ProQuest media archive [from 1985 to 2016]. U.K. parliamentary representations referencing the Loi Évin were obtained from the parliamentary database for publications and the Hansard parliamentary record. A total of 109 documents referencing the Loi Évin were identified, of which 71 met the inclusion criteria and were included for analysis.

RESULTS
The alcohol and advertising industries have framed the Loi Évin as incompatible with European Union principles, irrational and ineffective, with arguments changing over time in response to landmark events and rulings. Supporters of Loi Évin-style legislation failed to counter industry framing of advertising as not contributing to increased consumption.

CONCLUSIONS
The portrayal of the Loi Évin by industry in the United Kingdom is an important example of policy framing and provides evidence of the synergy between advertising and alcohol industry representatives in combatting legislation that could harm profits.


The relevance of the work consists in the need of development of the form the individual, who is able to find effective and different solutions of professional and life tasks. The purpose of the article is to characterize features of a multi-dimensional thinking and to describe its structure. The work presents modern conditions of process of development and formation of professional identity. The author also defines the terms ive thinkits structure are formed from these terms. The article describes the results of the research that were made from post-graduated students of Kazan(Volga region) federal university. This research describes knowledge of students about 5 types of thinking and also ways of its development. If you are using different methods and techniques for the development of this or that kind of thinking, we also employ other types of thinking. However, concrete thinking actively manifested in dealing with a particular type of task. Furthermore, in the process for solving a problem in different stages of its possible use of different types of thinking. Depending on the purpose to solve problems selected the necessary methods and techniques. The solution of any problems and challenges currently not without multidimensional thinking, it is based on a systematic, creative, critical, reflective and forward-looking thinking.


Interdepadance of agricultural development and rural tourism in contemporary conditions will be more important. Agriculture has to provide human survival, as its goal, to provide food, necesary ror the people. In a process of agricultural production, people have changed natural environment ecological conditions. People needs are biger, not only nutritional, but the industrial needs of organic materials. That's the agricurtural influence in ecosystem transformation. The way and the intensity of rural spaces and agriculturalland using have much more influence and circumstances on the society and country, than on each agricultural worker. The agrarian politics is a factor which should have, as its goal, providing wanted food quantities for domestic population as well as for the export. The agrarian politics have significant influence on the modern country management and enforcement of sustinable agriculture and healthy food production. In Serbia agriculture is not full protected and stimulated. So, there's need of agrarian politics transformation. In that kind of conditions, tourism development is directly dependingon agriculture and living environment protection. Rural tourism and sustainable development is very importante from aspect European integration process. Present state of our agrriculture and tourist industry clearly indicates the necesity to carry out the reform.


We describe the sample design for the SDSS-IV MaNGA survey and present the final properties of the main samples along with important considerations for using these samples for science. Our target selection criteria were developed while simultaneously optimizing the size distribution of the MaNGA integral field units (IFUs), the IFU allocation strategy, and the target density to produce a survey defined in terms of maximizing signal-to-noise ratio, spatial resolution, and sample size. Our selection strategy makes use of redshift limits that only depend on i-band absolute magnitude (Mi), or, for a small subset of our sample, Mi and color (NUV − i). Such a strategy ensures that all galaxies span the same range in angular size irrespective of luminosity and are therefore covered evenly by the adopted range of IFU sizes. We define three samples: the Primary and Secondary samples are selected to have a flat number density with respect to Mi and are targeted to have spectroscopic coverage to 1.5 and 2.5 effective radii (Re), respectively. The Color-Enhanced supplement increases the number of galaxies in the low-density regions of color–magnitude space by extending the redshift limits of the Primary sample in the appropriate color bins. The samples cover the stellar mass range and are sampled at median physical resolutions of 1.37 and 2.5 kpc for the Primary and Secondary samples, respectively. We provide weights that will statistically correct for our luminosity and color-dependent selection function and IFU allocation strategy, thus correcting the observed sample to a volume-limited sample.


The aim of this study was to determine whether the severity of contact hypersensitivity reactions (CHSRs) can be observed by noninvasive in vivo optical imaging of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity and whether this is an appropriate tool for monitoring an antiinflammatory effect. Acute and chronic CHSRs were elicited by application of a 1% trinitrochlorobenzene (TNCB) solution for up to five times on the right ear of TNCB-sensitized mice. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC)-treated and sham-treated mice were monitored by measuring ear swelling and optical imaging of MMP activity. In addition, we performed hematoxylin-eosin staining and CD31 immunohistochemistry for histopathologic analysis of the antiinflammatory effects of NAC. The ear thickness and the MMP activity increased in line with the increasing severity of the CHSR. MMP activity was enhanced 2.5- to 2.7-fold during acute CHSR and 3.1- to 4.1-fold during chronic CHSR. NAC suppressed ear swelling and MMP signal intensity in mice with acute and chronic CHSR. During chronic CHSR, the vessel density was significantly reduced in ear sections derived from NAC-treated compared to sham-treated mice. In vivo optical imaging of MMP activity measures acute and chronic CHSR and is useful to monitor antiinflammatory effects.


From the Publisher:
This book covers the design of next generation microprocessors in deep submicron CMOS technologies. The chapters in Design of High Performance Microprocessor Circuits were written by some of the world's leading technologists, designers, and researchers. All levels of system abstraction are covered, but the emphasis rests squarely on circuit design. Examples are drawn from processors designed at AMD, Digital/Compaq, IBM, Intel, MIPS, Mitsubishi, and Motorola.
Each topic of this invaluable reference stands alone so the chapters can be read in any order. The following topics are covered in depth:
Architectural constraints of CMOS VLSI design Technology scaling, low-power devices, SOI, and process variations Contemporary design styles including a survey of logic families, robust dynamic circuits, asynchronous logic, self-timed pipelines, and fast arithmetic units Latches, clocks and clock distribution, phase-locked and delay-locked loops Register file, cache memory, and embedded DRAM design High-speed signaling techniques and I/O design ESD, electromigration, and hot-carrier reliability CAD tools, including timing verification and the analysis of power distribution schemes Test and testability
Design of High-Performance Microprocessor Circuits assumes a basic knowledge of digital circuit design and device operation, and covers a broad range of circuit styles and VLSI design techniques. Packed with practical know-how, it is an indispensable reference for practicing circuit designers, architects, system designers, CAD tool developers, process technologists, and researchers. It is also an essential text for VLSI design courses.


A cost-effective method that integrates high-resolution morphology using an atomic force microscope and immunofluorescence imaging for measuring the local mechanical properties of a cell was developed. By considering the normal indentation conditions and the distribution of the underlying cytoskeleton, a criterion for selecting indentation sites was proposed. PC-12 cells cultivated under normal and high D-glucose medium are employed to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method. The apparent Young's modulus for each indentation site was estimated by fitting the data with a pyramidal punch contact mechanics model. The results showed that the cell bodies cultivated in the high D-glucose medium were higher but their growth cones were shorter than those cultivated in a normal medium. The Young's moduli of the growth cones were positively correlated with the density of the actin filament in the cytoskeleton. The Young's moduli at the growth cone and the nucleus region of cells cultivated in the high D-glucose medium were higher and lower, respectively, than those of the control group. The results demonstrated the integrated method could correlate local mechanical properties and distribution of actin filament of the growth cone of PC-12 cell.


There has been increased interest in the ZigBee standard, in particular for building automation and industrial controls. The ZigBee Alliance has identified six application spaces for ZigBee: consumer electronics, PC and peripherals, residential/light commercial control, industrial control, building automation and personal healthcare. This article deals mainly with industrial control and building automation. Increasingly, companies developing monitoring and control applications in industrial and commercial building environments are looking to wireless technologies like ZigBee to save the cost of wiring and installation and also to allow more flexible deployment of systems.


It has long been argued that heterochrony, a change in relative timing of a developmental process, is a major source of evolutionary innovation. Heterochronic changes of regulatory gene activation could be the underlying molecular mechanism driving heterochronic changes through evolution. Here, we compare the temporal expression profiles of key regulatory circuits between sea urchin and sea star, representative of two classes of Echinoderms that shared a common ancestor about 500 million years ago. The morphologies of the sea urchin and sea star embryos are largely comparable, yet, differences in certain mesodermal cell types and ectodermal patterning result in distinct larval body plans. We generated high resolution temporal profiles of 17 mesodermally-, endodermally- and ectodermally-expressed regulatory genes in the sea star, Patiria miniata, and compared these to their orthologs in the Mediterranean sea urchin, Paracentrotus lividus. We found that the maternal to zygotic transition is delayed in the sea star compared to the sea urchin, in agreement with the longer cleavage stage in the sea star. Interestingly, the order of gene activation shows the highest variation in the relatively diverged mesodermal circuit, while the correlations of expression dynamics are the highest in the strongly conserved endodermal circuit. We detected loose scaling of the developmental rates of these species and observed interspecies heterochronies within all studied regulatory circuits. Thus, after 500 million years of parallel evolution, mild heterochronies between the species are frequently observed and the tight temporal scaling observed for closely related species no longer holds.


Climate change is affecting the hydrology of high‐elevation mountain ecosystems, with implications for ecosystem functioning and water availability to downstream populations. We directly and continuously measured precipitation and evapotranspiration (ET) from both subalpine forest and alpine tundra portions of a single catchment, as well as discharge fluxes at the catchment outlet, to quantify the water balance of a mountainous, headwater catchment in Colorado, USA. Between 2008 and 2012, the water balance closure averaged 90% annually, and the catchment ET was the largest water output at 66% of precipitation. Alpine ET was greatest during the winter, in part because of sublimation from blowing snow, which contributed from 27% to 48% of the alpine, and 6% to 9% of the catchment water balance, respectively. The subalpine ET peaked in summer. Alpine areas generated the majority of the catchment discharge, despite covering only 31% of the catchment area. Although the average annual alpine runoff efficiency (discharge/precipitation; 40%) was greater than the subalpine runoff efficiency (19%), the subalpine runoff efficiency was more sensitive to changes in precipitation. Inter‐annual analysis of the evaporative and dryness indices revealed persistent moisture limitations at the catchment scale, although the alpine alternated between energy‐limited and water‐limited states in wet and dry years. Each ecosystem generally over‐generated discharge relative to that expected from a Budyko‐type model. The alpine and catchment water yields were relatively unaffected by annual meteorological variability, but this interpretation was dependent on the method used to quantify potential ET. Our results indicate that correctly accounting for dissimilar hydrological cycling above and below alpine treeline is critical to quantify the water balance of high‐elevation mountain catchments over periods of meteorological variability. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


A relativistic fluid model is implemented to assess the role of the ions motion in the linear phase of relativistic beam plasma electromagnetic instabilities. The all unstable wave vector spectrum is investigated, allowing us to assess how ion motions modify the competition between every possible instability. Beam densities up to the plasma one are considered. Due to the fluid approach, the temperatures must remain small, i.e., nonrelativistic. In the cold limit, ions motion affect the most unstable mode when the beam gamma factor γb≳αM∕mZi, α being the beam to plasma density ratio, Zi the ion charge, M their mass, and m the electrons. The return current plays an important role by prompting Buneman-type instabilities which remain in the nonrelativistic regime up to high beam densities. Nonrelativistic temperatures only slightly affect these conclusions, except in the diluted beam regime where they can stabilize the Buneman modes.


This paper examines the relationship between labor compensation and the structure of the product market, which is measured by the industry concentration ratio and by dummy variables for the existence and type of government regulation. Unlike previous studies that have estimated the impact of concentration and regulation on wages or earnings, this study extends the analysis to include the effect of market structure on employer-provided pensions and insurance and on voluntary labor turnover. The hypothesis that product market power raises labor compensation is supported by empirical results indicating that concentration increases wages and fringes but lowers voluntary labor turnover. Regulations that set minimum prices and restrict entry raise labor compensation, since wage premiums due to regulation are not offset by lower pensions and insurance or higher turnover. Other forms of regulation, such as profit regulation in public utilities, are found to reduce labor compensation, as evidenced by higher turnover or lower wages and fringes, or both.


Reusing abandoned public buildings is a positive strategy in sustainable urban development. An appropriate assessment method is needed to reduce the risks of redeveloping derelict public properties. The Delphi method is an optimal group decision-making technique; whereas the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method is useful for solving multicriteria decision-making problems. In addition, fuzzy logic manages artificial uncertainty and ambiguity, where an explicit number or ratio can express the level of preference. This study uses the Delphi method, fuzzy logic, and AHP (DFAHP) as a risk assessment model to redevelop derelict public buildings. The DFAHP provides an objective reference for investment decisions and is beneficial in reducing the risk of the public sector investing in the reuse of abandoned public buildings, in aiding in reuse cases that revitalize urban economic development, and in appreciating the value of sustainable city development.


Methods for the cryopreservation of protein import and integration in pea chloroplasts and of protein import or protein synthesis in tobacco mitochondria were modified to yield enzymatically active cryopreserved etioplasts from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). The cryoprotectants ethylene glycol and dimethy sulfoxide were about 64 and 77% effective, respectively, for the cryopreservation of etioplast intactness. Phototransformation of protochlorophyllide a, esterification of chlorophyllide a or zinc-pheophorbide a, and stabilization of the de novo synthesized plastid-encoded chlorophyll-apoproteins P700, CP47, CP43, D2, and D1 were successfully preserved in liquid nitrogen. Cryopreservation of freshly prepared intact etioplasts completely retained enzymatic activities for accumulation of chlorophyll a or resulted in a slightly decreased yield of zinc-pheophytin a.


The assortment of black currant actively replenishes and is constantly updated as a result of successful work of domestic and foreign selectors. New grades of black currant are characterized by the raised content of biologically active substances, including vitamin C, P-active agents, pectin and are of special interest for studying. Fresh berries of seven grades (Azhurnaya, Arapka, Iskushenie, Kreolka, Ladushka, Orel serenade, Ocharovanie) of black currant which were selected by the All-Russian research institute of selection of fruit crops and are perspective for cultivation in the Central Chernozem Region of Russia were chosen as objects for research. The nutritional value of fresh berries was found to vary. Average content of soluble solids was 14.1%, while those below the average were observed in Kreolka (12.1%). The maximum amount of sugars characterized Ladushka grade (11.05%), minimum--Kreolka (9.00%). It has been found that most varieties have fairly high acidity. It is worth noting grade Ladushka, which had the highest sugar-acid index (4.39), with the lowest acidity (2.51%). The highest content of ascorbic acid was found in varieties Orel Serenade--183.7 mg/100 g, the smallest--Ocharovanie--110 mg/100 g, grade Azhurnaya, Kreolka, Ladushka exceeded this indicator average value (144.9 mg/100 g). In terms of the amount of P-active substances stood grades having values above the average (722.2 mg/100 g): Azhurnaya (789.8 mg/100 g), Kreolka (864.5 mg/100 g), Oryol serenade (765.6 mg/100 g). The average content of pectin in the studied berries of black currant was 7.92%, with a minimum of 6.30% was observed in grades Azhurnaya, maximum 9.90%--the kind Oryol serenade. High values of this index were characterized by grade Ladushka, Ocharovanie. Azhurnaya varieties, Creole, Orel serenade had high levels of ascorbic acid and P-active substances. Sort Ladushka marked as a dessert due to the largest sugar-acid ratio. Ladushka, Orel Serenade, Ocharovanie have the highest pectin content. This determine the usefulness of new varieties of blackcurrant as fresh, as well as for production of functional foods.


A time domain reflectometer system is simulated by measuring the reflection coefficient in the frequency domain and then computing the time domain signal by the Fourier transform. The program has been written for the Hewlett-Packard 8409A Semiautomatic Network Analyzer. The computation time has been minimized by using the fast Fourier transform. The problems imposed by the difficulty of switching the HP 8409A between low- and high-frequency ranges are also discussed.


In this paper, a robust artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm is applied to overcome challenges at power density prediction especially at the installation process of wind power plant. This algorithm also explores relationships between the meteorological parameters and power density. Importance degree of parameters on power density is converted numerical weighting values independently from each other. Thus, the effects of the wind speed, the wind direction, the temperature, the damp, the pressure on power density could be modelled. Besides, experimental study shows that the prediction accuracy and stability of the applied method superior than traditional AI-based techniques.


Two genes involved in defining the type of sense organ have been identified in Drosophila. The gene cut differentiates the external sense organs (where it is expressed) from the chordotonal organs (where it is not); among the external sense organs poxn differentiates the poly-innervated organs (where it is expressed) from the mono-innervated organs (where it is not). Here we show that the expression of poxn in normal embryos does not depend on cut, and that poxn is capable of inducing the expression of cut. We have identified a small domain of the very large cut regulatory region as a likely target for activation by poxn.


This paper reports on a case study in which a textile-sloyd teacher sent a message to an internet-based community of practice seeking advice from other textile-sloyd teachers regarding how to cope with unruly boys. Two major themes emerged from a interview and the discussion on the Internet: 1) behaviour analysis and 2) coping attempts The analysis also revealed two themes related to the exchange of experiences: 1) descriptions of the problem as pertaining to the pupils, the process, classroom management, freedom of choice, or connection to everyday life and 2) suggested solutions, such as area of activity, competences, leadership and techniques. The article concludes with a discussion demonstrating that the collegial exchange about disorderly boys appears to have strengthened and challenged this internet-based community of practice.


A Ka-band GaInP/GaAs HBT four-stage LNA has been designed and fabricated. This circuit is to be used in a multifunction T/R module for local multipoint distribution systems (LMDS) which include both analog and digital transmission. An average noise figure of 6 dB from 27 GHz to 30 GHz, and a gain of greater than 15 dB were measured. These results are the best reported at Ka-band for a LNA using transistors from digital HBT library.


Abstract I am drawn to the in-between—to movement at the corners of the eyes, to the moments between one breath and the next. When we want to catch such moments we stand still, we pause, we wait, "with bated breath." At such moments, I believe, the potential exists for taking on different perspectives and for finding other points of view. Standing still, in a state of stillness, is an action that encapsulates many of my concerns. My work takes form in objects and architecture that collaborate with bodies moving inside them. The space is structured, not as a system, but as a collection of unstable parts, like a kind of precarious machine or puzzle. Standing or moving bodies become part of the spatial and sculptural conversation, as the space responds to their presence, creating a shifting network of small movements and adjustments. I believe that opportunities for change and exchange exist in the accumulation of small displacements and shifts of attention. Through mindful attention and the kind of listening that involves the entire body and all the senses at once, the apparent solidity of the world falls away and we have to find out what things mean again.


FLEXIBLE ELECTRONICS: MATERIALS AND SENSOR FABRICATION by Katherine J Duncan This dissertation demonstrates how to fabricate piezoelectric/pyroelectric thin films by using different printing techniques. These techniques could replace vacuum techniques for manufacturing piezoelectric/pyroelectric sensors. Ink-jet, screen and stencil printing techniques were developed to print these devices. This work outlines attempts to develop a solution processable conductive ink for ink-jet printing. It then details the printing of commercial conductive ink on flexible substrates employing the three printing methods. Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, are both used to investigate the structure of the P(VDF-TrFE) films. Optical microscopy is used to investigate the thickness and uniformity of the deposited films. The formulation of P(VDF-TrFE) for printing is also described for the three printing methods. Piezoelectric accelerometers have been developed and demonstrated. The sensors are axial compression piezoelectric accelerometers which measure impacts in the direction perpendicular to the sensors themselves. When the sensors are moved downward the top electrode tends to move upward, inducing charge via the piezoelectric effect. The sensors were mounted on an electrodynamic shaker and tested with an input vibration up to 1.5 g's at 100 Hz. The test data show that the accelerometers track the frequency of the input vibration; the output increases with increasing input acceleration. A comparison of the three printing methods to fabricate sensors on flexible substrates with commercial conductive inks and formulated P(VDF-TrFE) ink specific to the print method with similar geometries produces the following conclusions: Excellent adhesion of the commercial silver ink for screen and stencil printing has been achieved. The stencil printed silver films are smoother and more uniform than the screen printed films. Adhesion of the commercial PEDOT/PSS ink-jettable was successful. However, smoothness and uniformity were issues that need to be resolved. Also, when the ink-jetted PDOT/PSS films were exposed to high temperatures the films tended to crack and adhesion was lost. Functional devices were fabricated with screen and stencil printing quickly. In a one day period, multiple sheets of functional devices were obtained with both printing methods. Ink-jet printing, on the other hand, required greater then twenty four hours to fabricate one sheet of sensors even when the sensor size was reduced. The cost of masks/cartridges was $0.75, $1.68 and $59 per layer for stencil, screen and ink-jet printing respectively. The ink-jet print system cartridges were manufactured for one time use, whereas the masks were reusable for both screen and stencil printing. The best stencil and screen printed accelerometers demonstrated a voltage sensitivity of 145 mV/g. It is believed that the performance of these sensors can be enhanced with an automated printing system that is equipped with optical vision and automated alignment systems. The successful development of printed devices demonstrates that these print methods will be beneficial to the future of flexible electronics. FLEXIBLE ELECTRONICS: MATERIALS AND SENSOR FABRICATION by Katherine J. Duncan A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of New Jersey Institute of Technology and Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey-Newark in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Applied Physics Federated Physics Department August 2008 Copyright


The circulation within the Southwest Pacific Ocean is today well established from a climatological point of view. The northern branch of the anticyclonic South Pacific gyre creates the South Equatorial current, a major westward current controlling the circulation in the Southwest Pacific. The complex topography as well as the barotropic instabilites cause intense mesoscale activity that is well observed with satellites but strongly undersampled with in situ observations. The ocean dynamics at mesoscale can have an important impact on the ecosystem of this oligotrophic region, and in particular on the development of species involved in the biological carbon pump.
We use the in situ dataset of the OUTPACE cruise (ADCP, TSG, SVP data) coupled with specifically designed high resolution (1 / 8°) regional altimetric products produced by CLS (with support from CNES) to characterize the overall mesoscale conditions during the cruise. A preliminary comparison show that the higher resolution product summing Absolute Geostrophic currents and Ekman currents is in good agreement with in situ data. Lagrangian numerical experiments performed with this altimetric product allow us to identify the general surface circulation but also the regional origins and fates of water masses sampled during the cruise and in particular at local scale during the 3 Long-Duration stations. Our results show contrasting mesoscale regimes where simple recirculation in the gyre gives way to more complex, yet still generally westward flowing, currents.


This study analyzes the contribution of Pronaf (National Program for Strengthening of Family Farming) for the sustainable development of family farming in the Ceara state. For this purpose, primary data was obtained through the application of 15 questionnaires to beneficiaries and the equal number to non-beneficiaries in Baturite, Iguatu and Quixada counties, totaling 90 questionnaires. The sustainability index, employment and farm income per cultivated hectare were calculated to measure the impact of the program on the sustainable development, generation of income and employment on family farms of beneficiaries. Based on the descriptive analysis and the application of the t Student test, Chi-Square test and Mann-Whitney U test, comparisons between the selected groups of family farming were promoted. Results showed that the beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries have a low sustainability level. Pronaf had a positive impact, but not significant on farm income generation, and positive effect on the creation of employment.


Objective Majeed syndrome (MJS) is an autosomal recessive, systemic autoinflammatory disease (SAID) caused by biallelic loss-of-function variants in the LPIN2 gene. It is characterized by early-onset chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO), dyserythropoietic anemia, and neutrophilic dermatosis. We analyzed a cohort of uncharacterized Indian patients for pathogenic variants in LPIN2 and other genes associated with SAIDs. Methods We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) for 1 patient and next-generation sequencing (NGS) targeted gene panel for SAIDs in 3 patients. One patient was a referral from neurology after clinical exome sequencing identified a novel variant in LPIN2. We reviewed the literature for all published studies of mutation-positive MJS patients and have summarized their clinical features and disease-causing variants. Results We describe the largest series of patients with MJS outside of the Middle East. All 5 patients are homozygous for novel, possibly pathogenic variants in the LPIN2 gene. Two of these variants are missense substitutions, and 3 are predicted to alter transcript splicing and create a truncated protein. In addition to the classical features of CRMO and anemia, patients exhibited previously unreported features, including abdominal pain, recurrent diarrhea/ear discharge, and erythema nodosum. Conclusion Patients with MJS may present initially to different specialists, and thus it is important to create awareness in the medical community. In India, consanguinity is a common sociocultural factor in many ethnic communities and an abbreviated NGS gene panel for autoinflammatory diseases should include MJS. The unavailability of interleukin 1 inhibitors in some countries poses a treatment challenge.


Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are commonly used for the analysis of gene function in embryonic development and provide valuable models for human diseases. In recent years, ESCs have also become an attractive tool for toxicological testing, in particular for the identification of teratogenic compounds. We have recently described a Bmp-reporter ESC line as a new tool to identify teratogenic compounds and to characterize the molecular mechanisms mediating embryonic toxicity. Here we describe the use of a Wnt/β-Catenin-reporter ESC line isolated from a previously described mouse line that carries the LacZ reporter gene under the control of a β-Catenin responsive promoter. The reporter ESC line stably differentiates into cardiomyocytes within 12 days. The reporter was endogenously induced between day 3-5 of differentiation reminiscent of its expression in vivo, in which strong LacZ activity is detected around gastrulation. Subsequently its expression becomes restricted to mesodermal cells and cells undergoing an epithelial to mesenchymal transition. The Wnt/β-Catenin-dependent expression of the reporter protein allowed quantification of dose- and time-dependent effects of teratogenic chemicals. In particular, valproic acid reduced reporter activity on day 7 whereas retinoic acid induced reporter activity on day 5 at concentrations comparable to the ones inhibiting the formation of functional cardiomyocytes, the classical read-out of the embryonic stem cell test (EST). In addition, we were also able to show distinct effects of teratogenic chemicals on the Wnt/β-Catenin-reporter compared with the previously described Bmp-reporter ESCs. Thus, different reporter cell lines provide complementary tools for the identification and analysis of potentially teratogenic compounds.


Background: Structured and comprehensive assessment is critical to identify physical and psychological problems and concerns experienced by patients. Simulation can be used for training students' health as- sessment skills as well as communication skills. Objectives: The purposes of this study were to determine how students' health assessment skills changed in a simulated setting. Method: A quasi experimental study with one group repeated-measures design was conducted with a purposive sampling of 85 bacca- laureate nursing students at one nursing school in Macao. Two qualified tutors evaluated students' health assessment skills in terms of introduction and patient identification, symptom assessment, physical ex- amination, patient education, history inquire and communication using the same criteria in each simula- tion session. Results: The overall score of students' health assessment skills increased from the first ses- sion to the last session. Second-year students achieved higher overall scores of assessment skills than third-year students in some simulated scenarios significantly even though they had less clinical practice experience. Conclusions: Simulation using a human patient simulator helped students to transform knowledge and skills to assess patient condition. Tutors should promote students' intrinsic motivation for learning, develop their potential and encourage them to keep their efforts in learning.


MCM-48 microspheres have been repeatedly synthesized in cetyltrimethylammonium bromide-tetraethylorthosilicate-ammonia solution-water media with a fixed alcohol-to-water molar ratio of 0.15 by increasing the amounts of water and ethanol simultaneously. The cubic ordered pore arrangement is proved by the XRD and TEM measurements. Experiments show that the sole increase in either the ethanol or water addition would result in the formation of MCM-41 mesophase. The results indicate that the alcohol-to-water molar ratio is an important factor for controlling the formation of MCM-48 microspheres. The mechanism is primarily discussed.


Abstract To study animal welfare empirically we need an objective basis for deciding when an animal is suffering. Suffering includes a wide range ofunpleasant emotional states such as fear, boredom, pain, and hunger. Suffering has evolved as a mechanism for avoiding sources ofdanger and threats to fitness. Captive animals often suffer in situations in which they are prevented from doing something that they are highly motivated to do. The "price" an animal is prepared to pay to attain or to escape a situation is an index ofhow the animal "feels" about that situation. Withholding conditions or commodities for which an animal shows "inelastic demand" (i.e., for which it continues to work despite increasing costs) is very likely to cause suffering. In designing environments for animals in zoos, farms, and laboratories, priority should be given to features for which animals show inelastic demand. The care ofanimals can thereby be based on an objective, animal-centered assessment of their needs.


- Aim — To assess functional independence, balance and mobility of kidney transplant recipients, to verify transplant time, donor type, regular exercise practice, musculoskeletal complaints, as well as association among these variables. Methods: Observational study with 86 kidney transplant individuals, subjected to evaluation of the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) and Timed Up and Go test (TUG). Results: The mean age of the study population was 43.98 years old, 50% of these individuals were between 5-10 years of transplantation and 50% between 10-15 years. Changes in mobility and balance (TUG) were found in 9.3% of transplant patients, while 2.3% had deficits in functional independence (FIM). The association between TUG and the FIM (χ2= 19.964, p< 0.001) was found in 25% of the 9.3% of individuals who showed changes in TUG. It was found that only 20.9% of kidney transplant between 5-10 years and 14.0% between 11 and 15 years performed regular physical exercises (χ2= 0.727, p= 0.394) and 67.4% presented prevalent complaints on lower limbs musculoskeletal. Conclusion: Although the level of dependence and impairments in mobility and balance found in renal transplants are low, deficits in mobility and balance may lead to changes in the ability to perform their functional activities independently.


Field research in China often requires the researcher to cooperate with two kinds of actors: research collaborators, such as those at universities or official think tanks, and local officials. These actors facilitate or enhance field access, but such access comes at the price of a potential "pre-selection bias" in data collection. Some scholars have argued that dependence on these "gatekeepers" introduces a significant bias into research outcomes. I argue, however, that the constraints faced by China scholars in their field studies are not absolute, but function by degree. The CCP is monolithic neither in its organization nor in the thoughts of its agents, and close collaboration with local partners can help remove normative bias rather than necessarily introducing it. Most importantly, an argument built exclusively on the power of structural constraints discounts China scholars' most crucial abilities: to learn, to think critically and to research holistically.


Evolution of work and load is required for investigating elasticity and cost-efficiency of cloud computing applications as well as their underlying architecture. Existing modelling environments have fixed load and work, therefore rendering model-and-analyse approaches infeasible for such applications. This deficiency particularly leads to high risks that applications will violate their service level objectives. Therefore, this article describes how we can model and analyse the evolution of both work and load. We have created a corresponding meta model for usage evolution, and describe how we have integrated our meta model with Palladio, a common model-and-analyse environment. To model evolution we use the Descartes Load Intensity Model (DLIM). DLIM is coupled with the scenario model in the Palladio Component Model (PCM). We illustrate evolution of both work and load within Palladio simulations using a simple image server example.


The paper seeks to make a theoretical critique of the ongoing politics of democratic decentralisation in Kerala by problematising why it largely remains a constitutional reform of development administration stabilising the status quo rather than leading to alternate institutional development, rise of people-centred politics and the entailing empowerment oriented praxis triggering struggles over access to, and distribution of critical resources, and initiating structural changes in the local power relations ? It is not altogether unexpected, for anything basically different could not have happened theoretically under the contemporary socio-economic processes and power relations. Nevertheless, what is theoretically unfeasible are to be politically confronted with adequate preparations of mass mobilisation. How do we explain the lack of political will in the society for doing it ? The paper first examines the historically contingent context of expectations about the positive results of democratic decentralisation in Kerala. It then moves on to the contemporary socio-economic scenario for explaining the so-called unexpected plight of the decentralisation politics in the state. Identifying the inadequacy of the people's knowledge about the concepts of decentralisation as one of the major impediments of political development, the paper highlights the debating perspectives to show what the people should have been enabled to learn. The paper argues that lack of knowledge made popular consciousness eclectic and depoliticised. Reviewing the state's experience of the politics of decentralised planning, the paper is concluded with the argument that nothing more can be


The development of the More-Electric Engine (MEE) concept will see an expansion in the power levels, functionality and criticality of electrical systems within engines. However, to date, these more critical electrical systems have not been accounted for in existing engine certification standards. To begin to address this gap, this paper conducts a review of current engine certification standards in order to determine how these standards will impact on the design requirements of More-Electric Engine (MEE) electrical system architectures. The paper focuses on determining two key architectural requirements: the number of individual failures an architecture can accommodate and still remain functional and the rate at which these failures are allowed to occur. The paper concludes by proposing a comprehensive set of design requirements for MEE electrical architectures, considering various operating strategies, and demonstrates their application to example MEE electrical system architecture designs.


The next-generation wireless networks are expected to have a simple infrastructure with distributed control. In this article, we consider a generic distributed network model for future wireless multimedia communications with a code-division multiple access (CDMA) air interface. For the medium access control (MAC) of the network model, we provide an overview of recent research efforts on distributed code assignment and interference control and identify their limitations when applied in next-generation wireless networks supporting multimedia traffic. We also propose a novel distributed MAC scheme to address these limitations, where active receivers determine whether a candidate transmitter should transmit its traffic or defer its transmission to a later time. Simulation results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed distributed MAC scheme.


Geographical parthenogenesis – in which parthenogenetic populations are more widely distributed than sexually reproducing populations – is observed in many plant and animal species. Many hypotheses have been proposed to account for this biogeographical pattern, and these often invoke historical processes such as the influence of glaciation. However, there are relatively few empirical studies of the contemporary factors associated with geographical parthenogenesis. The aim of this study was to understand its causes by linking contemporary environmental gradients with reproductive modes in the freshwater ostracod Eucypris virens.


This paper reports results from a complete 10 x 10 diallel carried out in a natural population of Swiss stone pine (Pinus cembra L.) from the southern Carpathian Mountains. At age six, after nursery testing, the material was field planted on one site, using a completely randomized block design with 100 families, four replicates and 15 tree row-plots per replication, spaced 2.5 x 2.5m. Total and annual height growth, root collar diameter, number of branches per whorl and survival were assessed at successive ages between ages eight and 14 after seed. In addition, several traits that were assessed during the nursery test were used in correlation and some other analyses. Plot means of the measured traits were analyzed using the general least-squares method by means of the computer DIALL programme prepared by Schaffer and Usanis (1969). Across the field testing periods, significant (p<0.05) and highly significant (p<0.01; p<0.001) differences occurred in total height growth and root collar diameter for general and specific combining ability as well for maternalinteraction effects. These results suggest that the traits are controlled by nuclear (additive and non-additive) and by nuclear x extra-nuclear gene interactions. In an ascendant trend, the additive variance, as a percent of the total genetic variance, ranged from 35% at age eight to 66% at age 14 for total height growth, while that for root collar diameter trend varied less between 16% and 34%. In a descendant trend, the dominance ratios s2SCA/ s2GCA for total height growth ranged from 0.9 at age eight to 0.3 at age 14, suggesting that the additive variance should be used in the breeding programme. Parents with significant general combining effects for all but one trait were found. For total height growth, the narrow-sense family mean heritability estimates varied in an ascendant trend between 0.45 and 0.65 while the narrow- sense individual tree heritability varied irregularly from year to year between 0.31 and 0.37. By selecting the best 20 families and the best 20% of individuals within families, a genetic gain in total height growth of 9.7% and 10.9%, respectively, could be achieved at age 14. The improvement of growth and branching by using both family and individual selections could be applied. The very high age-age and trait-trait genetic correlations suggest that both early and indirect selection could be applied effectively.


The push for mathematics and computation in biology is greater than ever before. However, perceptions among biology students on the difficulty of mathematics and programming are a barrier to their implementation. A teaching module introducing quantitative skills to biology students is needed. We implemented modeling of firefly luciferase and G-protein coupled receptor signaling with ordinary differential equations in a course for novice graduate students. We assessed whether the course helped the students increase self confidence in application of mathematics in biology. Two concept inventories tracked learning gains in both general and cell biology knowledge. Pre- and post-semester surveys quantified changes in student confidence and their opinions of the usefulness of these techniques in cell biology. We found that the modeling and analysis activities appeared to improve self confidence in and appreciation of quantitative mathematical biology techniques. We describe our assessment methods to determine the suitability of our module.


This thesis analyses the politics of making central banks independent within the European Union. Unlike other studies that focus solely on the economics of the debate, this study also concentrates on the political aspects of the reform through an institutional approach. It examines the interaction of interests, institutions and ideas in the process of reforming one of the most essential organs in the process of economic policy-making. The research concerns the attempts of governments of three member-states of the European Union - France, Greece and the U.K. - which signed the same Treaty, but which nonetheless followed different paths in implementing Central Bank Independence (CBI). The thesis aims to explain the differences between the three cases about the considerations of CBI, the exact timing of introducing the reform and the particular models of independence chosen. This study suggests that there are three main variables which shaped and influenced why, when and how the three member-state governments implemented CBI in the 1990s. Those variables are the position of the country within the international political economy, the established rules and processes of political competition, and finally the traditional patterns of post distribution and democratic control. The first variable mainly explains the interest and attitude towards CBI, based on the standing and the status of each country in the European and the international politico-economic scene. The analysis of the case studies showed that the greater the exposure of an economy to global economic pressures and financial market flows, the more likely were its elites, in seeking monetary stability and credibility, to consider the idea of CBI and to bring it onto the political agenda. The second refers to the domestic politico-economic parameters which determine the stance of the main actors and account for the time and method of establishing CBI. The research revealed that the electoral cycle is particularly important. Newly elected governments, whether of the same party or not, attempt significant reforms early to show their difference, prove their effectiveness and minimize opposition. In all three cases CBI has been established by new governments which took advantage of the significant parliamentary majority they had and the 'grace period' they enjoyed during their first months. Finally, the third variable justifies the differences among the institutional characteristics between the models of CBI. Policy makers are bound by the prevailing arrangements of distributing public offices and the procedures for democratic control in each country and therefore adopt CBI appointment and accountability procedures which follow these traditional patterns.


Melanoma is a human neurocristopathy associated with developmental defects in the neural crest-derived epidermal melanocytes. At the present time, at least three hypotheses were identified that may explain melanoma aetiology, as follows: (1) a model of linear progression from differentiated melanocytes to metastatic cancer cells (2) a model involving the appearance of melanoma stemlike cells, and (3) an epigenetic progenitor model of cancer. Treating metastatic melanoma is one of the most serious challenges in the 21st century. This is justified because of a subpopulation of cells presenting a remarkable molecular heterogeneity, which is able to explain the drug resistance and the growing mortality rates worldwide. Fortunately, there are now evidences sustaining the importance of genetic, epigenetic, and metabolomic alterations as biomarkers for classification, staging, and better management of melanoma patients. To illustrate some fascinating insights in this field, the genes BRAFV600E and CTLA4 have been recognized as bona fide targets to benefit melanoma patients. Our research attempts to carefully evaluate data from the literature in order to highlight the link between a molecular disease model and the key contribution of biomarkers in treating malignant melanoma metastases.


The 2‐acetylaminofluorene (AAF)/partial hepatectomy (PH) model is one of the most extensively studied experimental systems for oval cell proliferation and differentiation. We have previously described the oval cells as forming ductular structures surrounded by basement membrane, representing extensions of the canals of Hering. Herein we analyze the differentiation of oval cells into hepatocytes after varying degrees of liver damage induced by AAF. At a low dose of AAF, most oval cells synchronously differentiate into small hepatocytes by 6 days after the PH, resulting in complete restoration of the liver structure in 10 days. Higher doses of AAF delay the differentiation process and the new hepatocytes form foci, in contrast to what is observed at the low dose. Qualitatively, the differentiation process seems to be identical at the cellular level under both conditions. The transition from the expanding oval cell population into hepatocytes was correlated with the upregulation of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 and the disappearance of the basement membrane. Also, the differentiation of oval cells into hepatocytes coincided with the loss of alpha‐fetoprotein and OV‐6 staining, and the replacement of the biliary cell‐specific α6 integrin and connexin 43 with the hepatocyte‐specific α1 integrin and connexin 32. In addition, bile canaliculi form between the new hepatocytes. In conclusion, these results indicate the rate of oval cell differentiation into hepatocytes is context dependent and suggest that, under favorable conditions, oval cells can complete this process much faster than previously appreciated. (HEPATOLOGY 2004;39:1353–1361.)


This dissertation discusses the complicated relationship (known as the comitatus) of kings and followers as presented in the heroic poetry of the Anglo-Saxons. The anonymous poets of the age celebrated the ideals of their culture but consistently portrayed the real behavior of the characters within their works. Other studies have examined the ideals of the comitatus in general terms while referring to the poetry as a body of work, or they have discussed them in particular terms while referring to one or two poems in detail. This study is both broader and deeper in scope than are the earlier works. In a number of poems I have identified the heroic ideals and examined the poetic treatment of those ideals. In order to establish the necessary background, Chapter I reviews the historical sources, such as Tacitus, Bede, the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, and the work of modern historians. Chapter II discusses such attributes of the king as wisdom, courage, and generosity. Chapter III examines the role of aristocratic women within the society. Chapter IV describes the proper behavior of followers, primarily their loyalty in return for treasures earlier bestowed. Chapter V discusses perversions and failures of the ideal. The dissertation concludes that, contrary to the view that Anglo-Saxon literature idealized the culture, the poets presented a reasonably realistic picture of their age. Anglo-Saxon heroic poetry celebrates ideals of behavior which, even when they can be attained, are not successful in the real world of political life.


This paper presents the empirical research results conducted in a Swedish care organization for elderly and handicapped. The objective of the research was to empirically assess the implementation and practices of a quality system (ISO 9000) from an organizational change and development perspective. The empirical data were collected through multiple methods; interviews were carried out with key‐persons and leadership in the organisation and surveys were conducted to all employees. Interactive methods have been applied to various groups in the organisations e.g., directors, supervisors, and the leadership of the quality project and the local politicians. The empirical findings indicate, among others, taht the implementation processes were received and perceived differently in the different parts of the care organisation due to different leadership strategies and employee involvement policies. Other critical factors such as acceptance, resistance, motivation, commitment, the role of leadership, learning possibility, etc. have also been investigated, analysed and discussed. Finally some recommendations on how to approach organisational change as well as strategies for implementing a quality system in the care sector are presented.


This interdisciplinary paper uses world-systems analysis as a theoretical framework to argue that both the 1870s, 1930's economic depressions reduced mean global temperatures. As global consumer demand fell, factories worldwide began producing less commodities and, as a result, emitted less greenhouse gasses. We find that in both instances there is evidence to support the hypothesis that financial crises lead to cooler temperatures.


ABSTRACT Kaolinite, illite, and a random mixed layer illite-montmorillonite were observed in nearly every sample of clay minerals obtained from Illinois coals by an electronic low temperature ashing technique. Montmorillonite, as a separate phase, was observed only rarely and chlorate was found in but one sample. Authigenic kaolinite was commonly observed in all of the coals studied. The technique uses a radio frequency discharge to produce activated oxygen which ashes the coal at temperatures below 190°C. The clay mineral assemblages in Herrin (No. 6) Coal in the southwestern part of the Illinois Basin contain more mixed layer clay minerals relative to illite than do those in the southeastern part of the basin. A similar decrease of illite from east to west, and a relative increase in mixed layer material occurs in the clay minerals of the underclay of this coal. The distribution of clay minerals with the exception of authigenic kaolinite, is thought to be primarily the result of the introduction of fine grained sediments from the east and northeast and the reaction of the minerals with the coal swamp environment.


The intensity at points where coherent convergent‐beam transmission diffraction discs overlap is shown to be described by interference between elements of the same row but different columns of the dynamical scattering matrix for an axial orientation. These intensities are used as the basis for an exact, nonperturbative inversion of the multiple electron scattering problem, allowing crystal structure factors to be obtained directly from the intensities of multiply scattered Bragg beams. Eigenvectors of the structure matrix are obtained using coherent CBED patterns from many crystal orientations. Unique eigenvalues are obtained from these patterns recorded at two accelerating voltages. The inevitable variation in electron probe position at different crystal tilts is considered. The analysis applies to centrosymmetric crystals with anomalous absorption, to centrosymmetric projections of acentric crystals and to acentric crystals if the mean absorption potential only is included. The method would allow the direct synthesis of charge‐density maps of unknown crystal structures at high resolution from multiple scattering data, using a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). The resolution of this map may be much higher than the first‐order d‐spacing; however, the STEM need only be capable of resolving this first‐order spacing. Such a charge‐density map provides fractional atomic coordinates and the identification of atomic species (as in X‐ray crystallography) from microcrystalline samples and other multiphase inorganic materials for which large single crystals cannot be obtained or X‐ray powder patterns obtained or analysed. In summary, we solve the inversion problem of quantum mechanics for the case of electron scattering from a periodic potential, described by the nonrelativistic Schrödinger equation, in which the scattering is given as a function of some parameter, and the potential sought.


With the growing awareness of the scholarship of teaching and the appropriate incorpo- ration of Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) in higher education, there is a need for university lecturers to reflect upon and share their practice in the use of ICT in teaching and learning. This paper aims to study the way lecturers communicate their ICT teaching experience. Specifically, it tries to identify the key elements that are needed to form a model to make sharing of practice more effective. An action research approach was adopted to explore the issue. Nine teacher educators and nine university lecturers participated in different study stages. This paper provides evidence that the use of an issue-based model together with Benzie's (1999) evaluation dimensions, the sharing process and discussions are focused and cover a wide range of aspects in relation to the teaching context, and support a discussion of pedagogy rather than merely technical issues.


This thesis investigates three processes that
control the evolution of oceanic margins. Chapter 2 presents
seismic images of a ~2-km-thick evaporite body in Guaymas Basin,
central Gulf of California. In rifts, evaporites form under
conditions unique to the latest stages of continental rupture, and
the presence, age, thickness, and shape place new constraints on
the history of early rifting there. Chapter 3 presents numerical
experiments that show that diapirs can form in sediments on the
down-going plate in subduction zones and rise into the mantle
wedge, delivering the sedimentary component widely observed in arc
magmas. Chapter 4 presents measurements of seismic anisotropy from
wide-angle, active-source data from the Middle America Trench that
address the hypothesis that the upper mantle is hydrated by
seawater flowing along outer-rise normal faults. These measurements
indicate that the upper mantle is ~1.57 to 6.89% anisotropic, and
this anisotropy can be attributed to bending-related faulting and
an inherited mantle fabric. Accounting for anisotropy reduces
previous estimates for the amount of water stored in the upper
mantle of the down-going plate from ~2.5 to 1.5 wt%, a significant
change in subduction zone water budgets.


MATERIALS SCIENCE
Porous membranes are used extensively for separation processes such as water purification. A current challenge is to fabricate membrane materials that can separate objects differing in size by only a few nanometers (which means small pores) and can still operate at a reasonable filtration rate (small pores are prone to blockage).

Akthakul et al . have enhanced the filtration capabilities of a commercial poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membrane by spin coating a thin film of a copolymer consisting of a PVDF backbone, with short polyethylene oxide (PEO) side chains grafted on via a methacrylate linkage. The PEO and PVDF segments do not like to mix with each other, so the chains segregate locally into partially crystalline PVDF regions separated by PEO nanochannels. Water is repelled by the PVDF but is able to move through the PEO regions, thus enhancing the overall transport through the commercial PVDF membrane. The PEO segments interact strongly with the water molecules, which prevents organics from clinging and fouling the membrane. The membranes can also be used for molecular sieving, as demonstrated by the separation of similarly charged dye molecules, and for size-exclusion chromatography, as demonstrated by the separation of vitamins B2 and B12. — MSL

Macromolecules 10.1021/ma048837s (2004).


The preferred ligand of angiotensin (Ang) II type 2 (AT2R)–mediated natriuresis is Ang III. The major enzyme responsible for the metabolism of Ang III is aminopeptidase N, which is selectively inhibited by compound PC-18. In this study, urine sodium excretion rates (UNaV), fractional excretion of sodium, fractional excretion of lithium, glomerular filtration rate, and mean arterial pressures were studied in prehypertensive and hypertensive spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and compared with age-matched Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKYs). Although renal interstitial infusion of Ang II type 1 receptor blocker candesartan increased UNaV in WKYs from a baseline of 0.05±0.01 to 0.17±0.04 &mgr;mol/min (P<0.01), identical infusions failed to increase UNaV in hypertensive SHRs. Coinfusion of AT2R antagonist PD-123319 abolished the natriuretic responses to candesartan in WKYs, indicating an AT2R-mediated effect. AT2R-mediated natriuresis was enabled in hypertensive SHRs by inhibiting the metabolism of Ang III with PC-18 (0.05±0.01 to 0.11±0.03 &mgr;mol/min; P<0.05). The defects in sodium excretion were present before the onset of hypertension in SHRs, because young WKYs demonstrated double the UNaV of SHRs (0.04±0.006 versus 0.02±0.003 &mgr;mol/min; P<0.01) at baseline. The increased UNaV of young WKYs was attributed to reduced renal proximal tubule sodium reabsorption, because increases in fractional excretion of sodium were paralleled by increases in fractional excretion of lithium. Renal interstitial PC-18 infusion ameliorated defective AT2R-mediated natriuresis in young SHRs by increasing fractional excretion of sodium and fractional excretion of lithium without changing the glomerular filtration rate. Thus, increased renal proximal tubule sodium retention is observed before the onset of hypertension in SHRs, and inhibition of the metabolism of Ang III ameliorates this pathophysiologic defect in sodium excretion.


Cardiovascular corroborate and salutary can be done by adolescents through physical exercises or gymnastics regularly. Aerobic exercise is included in the physical exercise type. If someone does aerobics regularly, it influences the body's health because aerobics is an exercise that needs oxygen to form its energy persistently and rhythmically. It's assumed that the person who does several activities and be able to follow the movements combination that being systematically has good lungs, heart, and blood vessel. Furthermore, to cope with problem of low capacity of lungs and low cardiovascular ability of the students, the solution is by doing MOSESAHI (Abbreviation: Mo'o Sehati, Mo'o Sanangi Hilaw: make people health, happy and cheerful). This paper employed factorial program experimental, with a sample 72 students of the State University of Gorontalo. Data analysis used the statistical test analysis of variance. The result concludes that the changing of lung capacity and cardiovascular ability caused by Mosesahi gymnastic exercise done twice a week for 20 min with an intensity of 60%, 70%, and 80% is better than once and three times a week. By exercising three times a week with thirty minutes and 60%, 70%, 80% of intensity, the increasing is better than thirty minutes with frequency once and three times a week as well as in frequency three times a week with forty minutes duration, regularly 80% intensity, the increasing is better than at frequency once or twice a week


This case study provides insight into the challenges of designing, implementing and evaluating an oral health intervention in the context of community pharmacies. The process of intervention is the source of focus but we also decided to incorporate a contextual backdrop to our study, so that if readers choose to use the same or a similar approach, they are aware of potential differences in approach that context specificity might dictate.
The aim of the project was to explore the potential for community pharmacies to engage patients from deprived areas in their oral health. This was defined as a 'brief intervention' and it was designed and administered to over 1000 patients over a three-month period. The scale of the study did not facilitate long-term follow-up of patients, which would have been useful to assess the impact on individual and collective oral health outcomes, but a mixed methods approach was utilised to evaluate both patients and service provider experiences. These qualitative perceptions were important in establishing the potential to roll out the intervention further and to co-construct knowledge of the intervention with the people administering and undertaking it.
In the study, a patient evaluation questionnaire was used to assess patients' perceived knowledge of oral health practices, intentions to change current practices and the acceptability of this service in a pharmacy setting. A qualitative exploration was undertaken with service providers and the data collected was thematically analysed to identify issues or relevance and significance from service providers.


The restrictions imposed by CO2 emission standards in Europe and many countries have promoted the development of more efficient spark ignition engines. The reduced swept volume and number of cylinders of four-stroke engines has significantly improved fuel economy by means of lower pumping and friction losses. This approach, known as engine downsizing, has demonstrated its potential of reducing fuel consumption on its own as well as applied to hybrid vehicles where a low weight engine is desired. However, aggressive engine downsizing is currently constrained by thermal and mechanical stresses and knocking combustion. In order to overcome these limitations, the present work evaluates the application of a conventional poppet valve direct injection engine into the two-stroke cycle. Two-stroke engines have the ability to produce higher power with reduced swept volume and less weight than four-stroke engines thanks to the doubled firing frequency. These advantages, although, are sometimes offset by poorer emissions resulted from fuel short-circuiting; lower thermal efficiency resulted from short expansion process; and reduced engine durability due to lubrication issues. Therefore, in this research the four-stroke engine architecture was employed so these shortcomings could be addressed by the use of direct fuel injection, variable valve actuation and a wet crankcase, respectively. The burnt gases were scavenged during a long valve overlap by means of boosted air supplied by an external compressor. An electrohydraulic fully-variable valve train enabled the optimisation of the gas exchange process in a variety of engine operating conditions. The air-fuel mixture formation was evaluated through computational fluid dynamic simulations and correlated to experimental tests. In addition, the engine operation with ethanol was assessed in a wide range of engine loads and speeds. Finally, the engine performance, combustion process, air-fuel mixing and gas exchange results were presented, discussed and contextualised with current four-stroke engines.


Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to provide a basic list of items that many standard empirical papers need and to highlight some common and fixable problems, as well as some corresponding suggestions and solutions such that authors can turn good research into good papers that have an improved chance of publication. Design/methodology/approach - This paper is a conceptual study on publishing, though it draws heavily on two of the authors' experience as editors of major management journals and their past work on paper organization and research design. A number of helpful resources for authors have also been provided from the academic literature – both journals and books – so that this paper can be a helpful resource to authors in organizing and preparing their work to submit to an appropriate journal. Findings - This paper's findings are listed as follows. First, prospective authors will gain a much clearer understanding of whether a journal is an appropriate outlet for their work by reading the journal's aims and scope. Second, a good Introduction is a crucial element of a paper and must contain key basic information such as the research question (or thesis statement), a mini-literature review that situates the paper in past work, a quick summary of results, and the paper's contributions. Third, in the Literature Review or Theory section, it is important to review the development of the more relevant literature in the chosen topic, the key empirical or case findings, and why the focal paper seeks to enter the field at this time. Fourth, in the Method section, authors should try to provide as much helpful descriptive data as space permits. Fifth, in the Results section, authors should present the results for each hypotheses one by one, but limit the discussion in that section to the results and some brief explanation. Additionally, the Discussion section should have four parts including the contributions, limitations of the research, future research, and any other unusual findings. Finally, many papers suffer from formatting problems or do not fit the aims and scope of the target journal. Authors should be careful to check on these issues before submission. Originality/value - This paper is complementary to works on methods and research design in that it helps authors with the important step of organizing their papers to turn good research into good manuscripts with a better chance of publication.


If China intends to develop the low-carbon economy and realize the goal of energy conservation and emission reduction, it is essential to solve the food safety problem due to great volume of pollution and emission which is commonly produced by rural production and life. The rural areas play a vital role in China on account of its taking up more than half of China's population as well as territory. In this article, the concept of low-carbon economy is to be combined with rural areas' situation; the author is to determine a path for the construction of new rural area from the angle of Low-carbon rural areas.


Higgins (2005) has shown that increased human physical activity in the USA could lead to both improvements in physical health and reductions in oil consumption by motor vehicles, thereby also reducing carbon emissions. It is an intriguing idea and, as the health costs of obesity are so high, the potential health and environmental savings could be vast. These questions deserve wider attention, as all the trends suggest that consumption of both fossil fuels and food calories (combined with more sedentary lifestyles) will continue to rise in the coming years.


The gist of this paper is that the once superb Islamic institutions of the past nowadays function best in the West but stagnate in their very birthplace. I argue that this is because pre-conditions referred to in this paper are not available in the latter. Ever since the 1960s, too much hope has been placed on Islamic finance with hardly any attention been paid to these pre-conditions. Unless this emphasis is radically altered, Islamic finance, no matter how well designed, would have only a marginal impact on the sustained economic growth of Islamic countries.


Reflection profiles offshore of Baffin Island, south of Lancaster Sound, reveal coast-parallel half-grabens containing flat-lying sedimentary sections typical of a rifted margin. In northernmost Baffin Bay, adjacent to Devon and southern Ellesmere islands, four sedimentary basins are identified. In these basins the sedimentary sections are faulted, folded, and laterally discontinuous. The basement shows linear trends, steep faults, and abrupt variations in depth. In one basin a 50 km long and 10 km wide "flower structure" is observed. A transpressive tectonic regime is suggested to explain the uplifted sedimentary and basement section and the change in depth to basement across it. A 150 km long paleoshelf, buried by a thickening sedimentary wedge, is present offshore of Devon Island. Because strike-slip and compressional features are observed on seismic profiles north of Lancaster Sound and extensional features are observed to the south, differences in the plate tectonic development are inferred. The inte...


T CMAJ editorial on the events of September 11 and the superb piece by Anne Marie Todkill put into words far better than I can, and better than I have encountered anywhere else, the most compelling lesson of September 11: that the enemy is the perversion of belief to blind fanaticism and that by responding with hyperbole, rigidity, fear and intolerance we threaten to recreate the very process we are trying to defeat. Although the call for vengeance is understandable, our fundamental strength derives from our commitment to democracy and free thought, rather than from superior military technology. Terror is nourished by terror; it can only be defeated by understanding and changing the conditions that breed it.


The independent set reconfiguration problem asks whether one can transform one given independent set of a graph into another, by changing vertices one by one in such a way the intermediate sets remain independent. Extremal problems on independent sets are widely studied: for example, it is well known that an $n$-vertex graph has at most $3^{n/3}$ maximum independent sets (and this is tight). This paper investigates the asymptotic behavior of maximum possible length of a shortest reconfiguration sequence for independent sets of size $k$ among all $n$-vertex graphs. We give a tight bound for $k=2$. We also provide a subquadratic upper bound (using the hypergraph removal lemma) as well as an almost tight construction for $k=3$. We generalize our results for larger values of $k$ by proving an $n^{2\lfloor k/3 \rfloor}$ lower bound.


The Dutch–Belgium randomised controlled trial of low dose CT screening (NELSON) is nearing the time it will report on the primary outcome of lung cancer mortality. The research team has published unique and influential data on the probability of malignancy in indeterminate pulmonary nodules according to their volume, growth as measured by volume doubling time and whether they are newly detected on incident screens.1 ,2 The NELSON investigators address another important factor influencing effective low radiation dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening: the maximum time interval allowable between screens before there is an unfavourable stage shift in cancers detected by screening and the rate of missed 'interval' cancers increases.3 In NELSON, subjects were screened at baseline, and then 1, 3 and 5.5 years from baseline. This gave intervals of 1, 2 and 2.5 years. Following an interval of 2.5 years, there were significantly more late-stage screen-detected cancers than for the 1-year interval and there were more interval cancers (5 during 1 year, 19 during 2 years and 28 during 2.5 years), with more than half appearing in the last 6 months of the 2.5-year interval (figure 3).3 The authors make the specific conclusion that a 2.5-year interval after two incident screening rounds is likely to reduce the effectiveness of screening but are more circumspect about recommending a 1-year or 2-year interval.

In the paper, table 3 shows how the number of screen-detected early-stage cancers falls as the screening interval increases, with statistical significance reached for the 2.5-year interval versus the 1-year interval. It could be argued that there is a trend across the 1, 2 and …


consider schools as places of upbringing in community for community, with the individual, not the institution, as central. Religion is a serious element in the process, not because of its statutory position but in virtue of its role in public and private life. In so far as our culture is in any degree positive this is due to Christian influence and practice, and it would be culturally impoverishing if our children were denied acquaintance with the richest element in our cultural


We previously showed that p21Cip1 transits through the nucleolus on its way from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and that DNA damage inhibits this transit and induces the formation of p21Cip1-containing intranucleolar bodies (INoBs). Here, we demonstrate that these INoBs also contain SUMO-1 and UBC9, the E2 SUMO-conjugating enzyme. Furthermore, whereas wild type SUMO-1 localized in INoBs, a SUMO-1 mutant, which is unable to conjugate with proteins, does not, suggesting the presence of SUMOylated proteins at INoBs. Moreover, depletion of the SUMO-conjugating enzyme UBC9 or the sumo hydrolase SENP2 changed p21Cip1 intracellular distribution. In addition to SUMO-1 and p21Cip1, cell cycle regulators and DNA damage checkpoint proteins, including Cdk2, Cyclin E, PCNA, p53 and Mdm2, and PML were also detected in INoBs. Importantly, depletion of UBC9 or p21Cip1 impacted INoB biogenesis and the nucleolar accumulation of the cell cycle regulators and DNA damage checkpoint proteins following DNA damage. The impact of p21Cip1 and SUMO-1 on the accumulation of proteins in INoBs extends also to CRM1, a nuclear exportin that is also important for protein translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleolus. Thus, SUMO and p21Cip1 regulate the transit of proteins through the nucleolus, and that disruption of nucleolar export by DNA damage induces SUMO and p21Cip1 to act as hub proteins to form a multiprotein complex in the nucleolus.


In general, every human needs service; extremely in other words, service cannot be separated
from human life. One of them is licensing field. The licensing matter in Indonesia becomes
important obstacle for investors in beginning their business. At least, it needs ninety seven (97)
days to get business license in Indonesia. Besides, in line with World Economic Forum (WEF)
report on global competing ability in 2006-2007, it showed that Indonesia placed in 50th level
from 125 countries in term of licensing easiness. The reality of one-door fused service pattern
instructed by government in Permendagri No 24 in year of 2006 on PTSP conduct became
priority of local in order to create easy, cheap, quick and indiscriminate service. Therefore, the
local KOBAR government established KPTP using One-Door Fused service mechanism.
Previously, in making business license, the society had to see technical institution, pay not
transparent fee, and spend along time to wait. However, KPTP as Licensing Fused Service easily
help the society for it needs only one way. One of efforts conducted by the government in order
to improve the public service was issue a Decision of Officer Efficiency Minister Number 63
2003 on the General Guidance of Public Service Procedure, as a basic of conducting national
public service containing guidance that have to followed by governmental institution as
conductor of public service to give excellent service (effective and satisfied).
In the globalization era, business world is getting increase. It is common thing that many
businesses, small, middle, and big ones, appear everyday. In doing such business, the business
conductor has to get business license or SIUP. KPTP is one of institution that conducts public
service on licensing field of trading. Thus, KPTP in KOBAR regency should have good quality
service in conducting its service. The quality of governmental institution can be seen and
evaluated from their public quality standard. This quality standard covers: Service procedure, Cost service, Time, Requirement, Infrastructure, Officer Competence, and Service product.
The research referred to descriptive one. The research subject covered personal who asked for
business license of trading in KOBAR regency in 2007-2008.
Based on the research, it concluded that quality of public service by KPTP in making SIUP using
one-door fused service pattern proved to be not maximum for in making SIUP it involved
technical institution. The quality service based on public service standard proved less satisfied.
There are some facts from interview as factors of public service by KPTP in KOBAR regency
such as complex service procedure that hard to understand, date line in making SIUP that did not
meet the rule, not transparent and expensive cost, gratification in service related to tax levied to
service officer, difficult requirement, not standard of operational facility such as bad quality of
computer. In line with competence of service officer, additional facility and office were less
comfort. The service output seemed to be good. The obstacle factors faced by KPTP in making
SIUP covered Intern and Extern ones. The intern factors referred to less qualified Human
resources of officer in giving service, inconsistent time limited in making SIUP, and unsatisfied
operational facility. The external factors covered delayed communication and coordination
processes between KPTP and technical institution and less society understanding in helping
licensing process.
Based on fact above, some recommendations appeared. First, KPTP has to improve the
infrastructure and instruments in order to make true vision and mission of Licensing Fused
Service Office in West Kotawaringin regency for they have limited additional instrument such as
only 3 computers used to give 20 services. Second, KPTP has to facilitate representative building
that meet the function and need of service for society. Third, KPTP adds numbers of personal
that to give service for 20 licensing can be maximal. Fourth, KPTP has to send and involve its
staff in technical Education and Training. The last, it needs regulation such delegate its authority
to Licensing Fused Service Office in West Kotawaringin regency to process, issue, approve and
publish licensing that the process path become simpler and quicker.


In 8 experiments on anaesthetised cats bursts stimulation of the peripheral cut end of right vagus nerve leads to synchronisation of cardiac and vagus rhythms. Alterations of burst sequence frequency within definite limits has been synchronously reproduced by heart thus creating managed brady-cardia possibility. Neurotensin (4.10(-8) M intravenously) accelerate heart rate and potentiate total vagal chronotropic effect. Vagotropic effect of the neurotensin is due to enlargement of the tonic component's strength in the vagal chronotropic effect. On the other hand, extent of the synchronizing vagal influences upon heart rhythm is unaffected. Mechanisms of the participation of neurotensin in organisation of the vegetative control of the cardiac rhythm are discussed.


Most of the current rotational sensing technology is not geared toward the recording of seismic rotations' amplitudes and frequencies. There are few instruments that are designed for rotational seismology, and the technology for building them is currently being developed. There are no mass industrial producers of seismic rotation sensors as there are for geophones, and only one current sensor model can be deployed on the ocean bottom. We reviewed some current rotational-seismic acquisition technologies, and developed a new method of recording rotations using an existing, robust and field-deployable technology that had seen extensive use in large exploration surveys: induction-coil magnetometers. We conducted an active seismic experiment, in which we found that magnetometers could be used to record seismic rotations. We converted the magnetometer data to rotation-rate data, and validated them by comparing the waveforms and amplitudes with rotation rates recorded by electrokinetic rotation sensors.