This systematic review critically synthesizes the literature focusing on factors related to preconception health behaviors (PCHBs) among childbearing age women in the United States, developed countries, and developing countries. Ovid Medline and CINAHL databases were searched for peer-reviewed articles published between 1998 and 2008 relating to PCHB. Six major categories of factors were identified: frequency of alcohol intake prior and during pregnancy, glycemic control/diabetes management, physical activity before and during pregnancy, pregnancy planning behavior, cystic fibrosis carrier screening, and other risk factors. A critical finding of this review is that knowledge, awareness, and beliefs of preconception care do not lead to preconception health practice. Younger preconceptional women and women with children were less likely to engage in PCHB. However, women with advanced postgraduate education were more likely to practice preconception care. There is an urgent need to educate young preconceptional women regarding the importance and benefits of practicing preconception care.


African and Luso-African individuals who possessed land and slave labor benefited from the opportunities generated by foodstuff trade in West Central Africa. This study explores the participation of both men and women in the production and trade of foodstuffs in late-eighteenth century Luanda, the capital of the Portuguese colony of Angola, with a particular focus on manioc flour, an essential staple in the diet of the town's residents. Drawing upon registers produced by scribes of the public market (Terreiro Público) and license requests to engage in retail trade, this study suggests that the supply of foodstuffs was an alternative for individuals who did not have enough capital to enter the slave trade. In the context of the insecurity embedded in the trans-Atlantic slave trade, supplying foodstuffs became a safe option that attracted the capital of well-established and smaller traders. On the other hand, the retail trade of the markets and streets created room for the poor and even the enslaved. Through their participation in trade activities, free end enslaved women were able to increase their household earnings and, presumably, establish a degree of independence in relation to men.


Rule processing strategies in expert database systems which involve rules conditional on join results of base relations are studied. In particular, those rules that require very fast response time in their evaluation are considered. It is proposed to materialize the results of firing a rule in a relation, the rule relation. Performance evaluation of several strategies shows that under the clustered B-trees, strategies using pattern relations perform better than those without pattern relations. The strategy with skinny pattern relations performs poorly in comparison to that with bulky pattern relations. The selective bulky pattern strategy performs better than the bulky pattern strategy. The selective pattern strategy outperforms other strategies in terms of expected total cost. However, it always uses more storage space than the direct materialization.<<ETX>>


Recently, Tompson et al 1 described the use of autozygosity mapping and expression studies to identify compound heterozygous mutations (c.2386G>C/c.3943G>T; c.1786dupG/c.3124G>A) in the COL11A1 gene in two unrelated patients as a cause of fibrochondrogenesis (MIM 228520). They concluded that fibrochondrogenesis, a short-limbed skeletal dysplasia, represents the most severe end of a spectrum of disorders caused by a COL11A1 defect to date.1 Subsequently, dominant and recessive forms of fibrochondrogenesis resulting from mutations at a second locus, COL11A2 , were described.2 Mutations in these two genes along with COL2A1 were previously reported to cause autosomal dominant forms of Stickler (MIM 604841) and Marshall syndromes (MIM 154780).3–5 COL9A1 and COL9A2 defects, on the other hand, were identified as causing forms of Stickler syndrome with an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern.6 7 Here we report the first evidence that adds COL11A1 defect as a cause of Marshall syndrome with a recessive mode of inheritance.

The proband is a Saudi boy born at term after an uneventful pregnancy to consanguineous parents. He was referred to us at the age of 16 months because of mild motor, speech delay, and dysmorphic facial features (figure 1 A,B). He had ocular hypertelorism with midface hypoplasia and a broad, flat nasal bridge, anteverted nares, and long philtrum. He also had sparse lusterless scalp hair. He had normal palate, teeth, nails, and skin with normal hidrosis. Ophthalmological examination showed progressive high myopia (−12 Diopters), iridodenesis and subluxation of lenses nasally with loss of zonules temporally resulting …


This paper presents recent improvements in the development of the University of Colorado "CU Communicator" and "CUMove" spoken dialog systems. First, we describe the CU Communicator system that integrates speech recognition, synthesis and natural language understanding technologies using the DARPA Hub Architecture. Users are able to converse with an automated travel agent over the phone to retrieve up-to-date travel information such as flight schedules, pricing, along with hotel and rental car availability. The CU Communicator has been under development since April of 1999 and represents our test-bed system for developing robust human-computer interactions where reusability and dialogue system portability serve as two main goals of our work. Next, we describe our more recent work on the CU Move dialog system for in-vehicle route planning and guidance. This work is in joint collaboration with HRL and is sponsored as part of the DARPA Communicator program. Specifically, we will provide an overview of the task, describe the data collection environment for in-vehicle systems development, and describe our initial dialog system constructed for route planning.


This book explores and evaluates non-territorial autonomy (NTA), an important modality of ethnic and religious diversity management. Whereas multicultural liberal democracies sincerely champion equality and individual human rights, they often have considerable difficulty in accommodating culturally diverse minority communities. In most cases, minority communities do not reside within a compact space, making any territorial representation impossible. This brings into focus modalities of NTA as a possible alternative approach. NTA takes a variety of different forms, such as consociationalism or national cultural autonomy, and also encompasses other forms of representation, such as frameworks for accommodating indigenous peoples, juridical autonomy extended to religious communities, or elements of some models of multiculturalism. Using both theoretical and empirical approaches, and also including the work of legal practitioners, the essays within this volume examine the challenges and possible solutions offered by different NTA models for the effective participation of minorities in public life, addressing issues such as the limits and/or possibilities of implementing NTA models in liberal democracies, the extent to which NTA approaches can serve the goals of European integration and the European minority protection framework, and the possible role of NTA in resolving protracted territorial conflicts.


Farmed salmon is a large export product from Norway. After the salmon is stunned and killed, it is often transported to large tanks for bleeding, chilling and buffering before gutting and further processing. The temperature of the fish into the processing plant is varying, but it is necessary to cool down the fish fast, both to reduce bacterial growth and to maximize yield. In this paper, a demonstration tank was set up and different operational regimes were tested. Refrigerated sea water (RSW) was used for chilling of the fish. Killed and bled salmon was used to see how the fish was located inside the tank, something which can be very difficult in a production tank where the chilling water is unclear because of blood. The flow pattern through the tank was registered. Operation which resulted in lowest contact between the fish gave best heat transfer and therefore best chilling.


"I am willing to relate all I can remember, but I wish it clearly understood that it must be in my own way, and at my own time. I will not be hurried or dictated to. It is my history and not yours I propose to tell."--Mariano Guadelupe Vallejo, on "Recuerdos historicos y personales" (1875) My History, Not Yours is a landmark study of the autobiographical writings of Mexican Americans in the century following the US-Mexican War of 1846-1848. Some 75,000 inhabitants of what is now Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, and California were suddenly foreigners on their own lands. Faced with the deliberate obliteration of their history, culture, language, and personal experiences, these women and men set down the stories of their lives and their communities, as a means of both remembering and resisting. Genaro M. Padilla and other scholars have begun to uncover the huge store of literary materials forgotten in manuscript archives: memoirs long out of print, others unpublished and unread, diaries, family histories, poetry, correspondence, and texts of corridos (ballads). Padilla writes, "Lives are scattered on broken pages, faded, partially lost at the margins, suspended in language unread until there is a reader who opens the file and begins. It is my intention to initiate a recovery of that autobiographical formation that emerged after a war of conquest." In providing an overview of this rich literature, Padilla also points out the power relations embedded in the narratives, showing that the reconstruction of the Mexican past was not merely nostalgic idealization, but often an angry and deeply politicized recovery of a world ruptured by American domination.


Study of the Oral Manifestations in Diabetic Children and Their Correlation Variables. Because children with type 1 diabetes (DM) are prone to diseases of the buccal cavity, in this transversal study we investigate the prevalence of dental caries, gingivitis and buccal alterations in 26 patients (16F/10M; average age: 10.3years) from the Diabetic Children's Group at the Federal University Hospital of Santa Catarina, to verify possible correlations among the following variables: index of decayed, missing or filled permanent or deciduous teeth [DMFT or dmft], index of visible plaque [IVP], index of gum bleeding [IGB], dental calculi, gum recession, tongue abnormalities, xerostomia, burning sensation of the mucosa, age at DM diagnosis, administration of insulin; occurrence of DM-related complications; glycemia and glycosilated hemoglobin [GH]. The most frequent alterations were dental calculi (42.3%), xerostomia (38.5%), burning sensation (11.5%), and gum recession (7.7%). The median indices for DMFT/dmft, IVP and IGB were 2.0, 27.21% and 10.91%, respectively. Only age and the level of GH were significantly correlated to IVP (r2 = 0.61), whereas the IVP and hypoglycemia correlated to IGB (r2 = 0.63). We conclude that the older the patient and the higher the GH level, the higher the IVP; whereas the higher the IVP and the less frequent the crisis of mild hypoglycemia, the higher the IGB. (Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab 2004;48/3:374-378)


General circulation models (GCMs) have been demonstrated to produce estimates of precipitation, including the frequency of extreme precipitation, with substantial bias and uncertainty relative to their representation of other fields. Thus, while theory predicts changes in the hydrologic cycle under anthropogenic warming, there is generally low confidence in future projections of extreme precipitation frequency for specific river basins. In this paper, we explore whether a GCM simulates large‐scale atmospheric circulation indices that are associated with regional extreme precipitation (REP) days more accurately than it simulates REP days themselves, and thus whether conditional simulation of the precipitation events based on the circulation indices may improve the simulation of REP events. We show that a coupled Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory GCM simulates too many springtime REP days in the Ohio River Basin in historical (1950–2005) simulations. The GCM, however, does credibly simulate the distributional and persistence properties of several indices (which represent the large‐scale atmospheric pressure features, local atmospheric moisture content, and local vertical velocity) that are shown to modulate the likelihood of REP occurrence in the reanalysis/observational record. We show that simulation of REP events based on the GCM‐based atmospheric indices greatly reduces the bias of GCM REP frequency relative to the observed record. The simulation is conducted via a Bayesian regression model by imposing the empirical relationship between observed REP occurrence and the reanalysis‐based atmospheric indices. Application of this model to future (2006–2100) representative concentration pathway 8.5 scenario suggests an increasing trend in springtime REP incidence in the study region. The proposed approach of simulating precipitation events of interest, particularly those poorly represented in GCMs, with a statistical model based on climate indices that are reasonably simulated by GCMs could be applied to subseasonal to seasonal forecasts as well as future projections.


Lateral bending of the trunk during terrestrial, quadrupedal locomotion was analyzed in four species of lizards, using high-speed videography and computerized motion analysis. The focus of the analysis was whether lizards produce a standing or a traveling wave of bending in the trunk during locomotion. Lizards with well-developed limbs (Cnemidophorus tigris and Dipsosaurus dorsalis) exhibit a standing wave of lateral bending at low speeds, which is replaced by a traveling wave of bending as velocity increases. Lizards with diminutive limbs (Gerrhonotus kingii and Eumeces multivirgatus) exhibit a traveling wave of lateral bending, even at the lowest speeds recorded. These results are not consistent with the ideas that lizards produce a standing wave of lateral bending during locomotion or that amniote vertebrates have lost the ability to produce a traveling wave of lateral flexion due to a change in the central pattern generator that controls locomotion.


AIM: To determine the cost of health and educational service provision for low birthweight children with a clinical disability. METHODS: Cohort study of a geographically defined population in five health districts that comprise the County of Merseyside was undertaken. All children with a clinical disability born in 1980 and 1981 to mothers resident in the County of Merseyside were followed up to age 8-9 years. The cost of care associated with the initial admission to the neonatal special/intensive care unit and subsequent use of hospital, family practitioner, and special education services was assessed. RESULTS: There were 52 children with a disability; the disability rate in children of birthweight < or = 2000 g was estimated at 7.7%. Of the total expenditure to age 8-9 years, special education was the largest category (52%) and neonatal care accounted for 35%. The disabled children accounted for 38% of the cost of the whole cohort of 693 disabled and non-disabled children who weighed < or = 2000 g at birth. CONCLUSION: In a cohort of low birthweight children, those who are disabled account for a disproportionate amount of the total expenditure to age 8-9. The cost of long term care for disabled young persons and adults will increasingly dominate the cost of care for the whole cohort of low birthweight children.


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In this article we establish novel decompositions of Gaussian fields taking values in suitable spaces of generalized functions, and then use these decompositions to prove results about Gaussian multiplicative chaos.
We prove two decomposition theorems. The first one is a global one and says that if the difference between the covariance kernels of two Gaussian fields, taking values in some Sobolev space, has suitable Sobolev regularity, then these fields differ by a Holder continuous Gaussian process. Our second decomposition theorem is more specialized and is in the setting of Gaussian fields whose covariance kernel has a logarithmic singularity on the diagonal -- or log-correlated Gaussian fields. The theorem states that any log-correlated Gaussian field $X$ can be decomposed locally into a sum of a Holder continuous function and an independent almost $\star$-scale invariant field (a special class of stationary log-correlated fields with 'cone-like' white noise representations). This decomposition holds whenever the term $g$ in the covariance kernel $C_X(x,y)=\log(1/|x-y|)+g(x,y)$ has locally $H^{d+\varepsilon}$ Sobolev smoothness.
We use these decompositions to extend several results that have been known basically only for $\star$-scale invariant fields to general log-correlated fields. These include the existence of critical multiplicative chaos, analytic continuation of the subcritical chaos in the so-called inverse temperature parameter $\beta$, as well as generalised Onsager-type covariance inequalities which play a role in the study of imaginary multiplicative chaos.


Feeding the world's population in a sustainable manner is one of the key challenges facing the future of global agriculture. The recent removal of the milk quota regime in the European Union has prompted an expansionary phase in dairy farming, especially in Ireland. Achieving this expansion in a sustainable manner is crucial to the long-term survival and success of the Irish dairy sector. In this paper we examine the sustainability of Irish dairy farming, defining 'sustainability' as economically profitable, environmentally friendly and socially efficient. A typology of Irish dairy farms has been created using data on profitability, environmental efficiency and social integration derived from the Teagasc National Farm Survey. Economic, social and environmental performance indicators were determined and aggregated and then used in a multivariate analysis for the identification and classification of farm clusters. The purpose of this study to classify Irish dairy farms using performance indicators; thereby, assisting policy makers in identifying patterns in farm performance with a view to formulating more targeted policies. Two of the three clusters elicited from the analysis were similar in regards to their respective indicator scores. However, the remaining cluster was found to perform poorly in comparison. The results indicate a clear distinction between 'good' and 'weak' performers, and the positive relationship between the economic, environmental and social performance of Irish dairy farms is evident.


The sociology major is designed to provide students with the knowledge and experience needed to navigate the many social worlds of peers, family, work and other cultural and institutional settings. Through course work, service learning and opportunities for research and internships, students gain the understanding of and ability to analyze human behavior and contemporary social issues and to evaluate and interpret research findings.


The organometallic Pd(II) complexes [Pd(Phbpy)X] (X = Cl, Br, or I) containing the tridentate C^N^N cyclometalating ligand 6-(phen2-ide)-2,2'-bipyridine (‒Phbpy) were synthesised through oxidative addition using the protoligands X‒Phbpy (X = Cl, Br and I) and [Pd2(dba)3] tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) in yields ranging from 23 to 51%. Further complexes [Pd(YPhbpy)Cl] resulted from C‒H palladation of the protoligand derivatives Y‒Phbpy with Y = F, Cl, Br, H, HO, MeO and triflate) with K2PdCl4 in yields ranging from 52 to 98%. All protoligands and Pd(II) complexes were fully characterised using mass spectrometry (MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) for Y = F, MeO. The complexes were studied in detail using electrochemical (cyclic voltammetry) and spectroelectrochemical (UV-Vis absorption) methods and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. Relative shifts in the potentials of the ligand centred electrochemical reductions in the range ‒1.7 to ‒2.7 (vs. ferrocene/ferrocenium) or the Pd‒X centred oxidations around +1 V are in excellent agreement with variations in the density functional theory (DFT) calculated highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMO) constitutions. Long-wavelength absorption maxima attributable to metal(d)-to-ligand(π*) charge transfer transition observed in the range 350-550 nm were successfully modelled using time-dependent methods (TD-DFT) showing small contributions from triplet states.


Healthcare organizations consist of unique activities including collaborating on patients care and emergency care. The sector also accumulates high sensitive multifaceted patients' data such as text reports, radiology images and pathological slides. The large volume of the data is often stored as Electronic Health Records (EHR) which must be frequently updated while ensuring higher percentage up-time for constant availability of patients' records. Healthcare as a critical infrastructure also needs highly skilled IT personnel, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and infrastructure with regular maintenance culture. Fortunately, cloud computing can provide these necessary services at a lower cost. But with all thees enormous benefits of cloud computing, it is characterized with various information security issues which is not enticing to healthcare. Amid many threat modelling methods, which of them is suitable for identifying cloud related threats towards the adoption of cloud computing for healthcare? This paper compared threat modelling methods to determine their suitability for identifying and managing healthcare related threats in cloud computing. Threat modelling in pervasive computing (TMP) was identified to be suitable and can be combined with Attack Tree (AT), Attack Graph (AG) and Practical Threat Analysis (PTA) or STRIDE (spoofing, tampering, repudiation, information disclosure, denial of service and elevation of privilege). Also Attack Tree (AT) could be complemented with TMP, AG and STRIDE or PTA. Healthcare IT security professionals can hence rely on these methods in their security practices, to identify cloud related threats for healthcare. Essentially, privacy related threat modeling methods such as LINDDUN framework, need to be included in these synergy of cloud related threat modelling methods towards enhancing security and privacy for healthcare needs. Keywords—Cloud computing; healthcare; threat modelling; security practice; data privacy


The direct conversion of glucose to 5-ethoxymethylfurfural (EMF) is a promising biomass transformation due to the potential application of the product as a biofuel. Here, the conversion of glucose to EMF was examined over several solid acid catalysts in ethanol between 96 and 125 °C. Among the catalysts employed, dealuminated beta zeolites [DeAl-H-beta-12.5 (700)] gave a moderate yield of EMF (37%) in a single step catalytic process. A combined catalytic system consisting of H-form zeolite and Amberlyst-15 was found to be more efficient for the transformation of glucose to EMF (46%) via a one-pot, two-step reaction protocol. Alternative biomass-based mono-, di- and polysaccharides also gave moderate to good yields of EMF with the catalytic systems, including fructose which yielded 67% of EMF and 4% of ethyl levulinate (ELevu) along with 10% 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) in the combined reaction protocol. A significant amount of ELevu (1–16%), a rehydrated product of EMF and a promising fuel additive, was observed in this study. Recyclability studies suggested that it was possible to reuse the DeAl-H-beta-12.5 (700) catalyst in consecutive reactions without significant changes in product yields due to its easy recovery and thermal stability during regeneration.


In order to improve ERP implement efficiency. This paper uses knowledge sharing theory to analyze three stages of EPR implements. Based on the WSR systems methodology, this paper studies the factors which affects knowledge transfer and sharing in the three stages, and proposes a model to improve the efficiency of the knowledge transfer and sharing in this process. At last the paper uses an iron and steel company a case to verify the model.


In this paper, we propose a new computational method of the warped distance (WaDi) for digital image interpolation. The conventional WaDi algorithm only uses the local asymmetry features of image edges to compute the WaDi and then uses the computed WaDi in place of the interpolation operator in the linear interpolations. The local gradient features are one kind of the important features of image edges as well as the local asymmetry features. In this paper, we adopt both the local asymmetry features and the local gradient features in the WaDi computation. Experimental results show that the proposed method can obtain high accuracy interpolated images.


In this paper, a new MPPT system has been developed, consisting of a buck-type dc/dc converter, which is controlled by a micro-controller-based unit. Based on the nonlinear characteristics of photovoltaic (PV), these paper designs a VSS controller to realize the maximum power output of PV arrays and introduces the system fundamental. Comparing with other techniques used in the past, the use of the proposed MPPT control improves the PV system performance. And the results of simulation and experiment are present.


We consider the design and analysis of quantizers for equal gain transmission (EGT) systems with finite rate feedback-based communication in flat-fading multiple input single output (MISO) systems. EGT is a beamforming technique that maximizes the MISO channel capacity when there is an equal power-per-antenna constraint at the transmitter, and requires the feedback of t-1 phase angles, when there are t antennas at the transmitter. In this paper, we contrast two popular approaches for quantizing the phase angles: vector quantization (VQ) and scalar quantization (SQ). On the VQ side, using the capacity loss with respect to EGT with perfect channel information at transmitter as performance metric, we develop a criterion for designing the beamforming codebook for quantized EGT (Q-EGT). We also propose an iterative algorithm based on the well-known generalized Lloyd algorithm, for computing the beamforming vector codebook. On the analytical side, we study the performance of Q-EGT and derive closed-form expressions for the performance in terms of capacity loss and outage probability in the case of i.i.d. Rayleigh flat-fading channels. On the SQ side, assuming uniform scalar quantization and i.i.d. Rayleigh flat-fading channels, we derive the high-resolution performance of quantized EGT and contrast the performance with that of VQ. We find that although both VQ and SQ achieve the same rate of convergence (to the capacity with perfect feedback) as the number of feedback bits B increases, there exists a fixed gap between the two


Abstract Experiments were conducted in the laboratory and screenhouse to determine the effects of scarification; alternating day/night temperatures; light, salt, and water stress; seed burial depth; and rice residue on seed germination and seedling emergence of threelobe morningglory, and to evaluate the response of this weed to commonly available POST herbicides in the Philippines. Germination was stimulated by seed scarification, suggesting that inhibition of germination in this species is mainly due to the hard seed coat. Germination of the scarified seeds was not influenced by the tested temperatures (alternating day/night temperatures of 25/15, 30/20, and 35/25 C) and light. The concentrations of sodium chloride, ranging from 0 to 250 mM, did not influence germination of the scarified seeds of threelobe morningglory. The osmotic potential required for 50% inhibition of maximum germination was −0.35 MPa, although some seeds germinated at −0.6 MPa. Seedling emergence was greatest for the seeds placed on the soil surface (96%), and emergence declined with increased burial depth in soil. The burial depth required for 50% inhibition of maximum emergence was 2.8 cm. No seedlings emerged from a burial depth of 6 cm or greater. Residues of up to 6 Mg ha−1 on the soil surface did not influence seedling emergence of threelobe morningglory. The herbicide 2,4-D at 400 g ai ha−1 provided excellent control of threelobe morningglory when applied at the four-leaf (100%) and six-leaf (97%) stages. However, at the eight-leaf stage, percent control was reduced to 67% and herbicide rate had to be increased twofold to achieve 95% control. The information gained from this study could contribute to developing components of integrated weed management strategies for threelobe morningglory. Soil inversion by tillage to bury weed seeds below their maximum depth of emergence and early application of an effective POST herbicide could serve as important tools for managing threelobe morningglory. Nomenclature: 2,4-D; glyphosate; metsulfuron + chlorimuron; threelobe morningglory, Ipomoea triloba L. IPOTR; rice, Oryza sativa L.


We focus on workload balancing in crew scheduling problems of transportation systems where deadheading (repositioning with no duty) of crew is also possible. The deadheading option could be just used unnecessarily for the sake of balancing the workload among team members. Existing works have only focused on systems where deadheading is not considered. The assignment of crew members to a sequence of duties in a finite planning horizon is determined in such a way that the allocation of the workload among the crew members is acceptably fair and almost equal when possible. This issue is a common planning phenomenon for also other type of duty scheduling and rostering processes where teams of crew members are in consideration such as hospitals and airlines. At the tactical level, the crew schedules are feasible with respect to various restrictions and regulations; yet, they may result in an imbalanced share of workloads among the crew. In addition, unbalanced crew schedules may also cause unavoidable over-time costs and result in unevenness with respect to time-based compensations. A solution approach based on a network flow formulation of the problem is developed. In addition, we develop a binary search method as an exact algorithm and a pool of conventional heuristic methods that modify the schedules by reallocating the duties without disrupting the feasibilities. We present the results of our computational experiments with well-known problem instances from the crew scheduling literature and data sets that are representative of largest crew region in Turkish State Railways.


This article examines the film  212: The Power of Love , which has been perceived as apolitical in political circumstances, and which was explicitly endorsed by new religious authorities. By critiquing the notion of Post-Islamism employed by scholars, this paper argues for the concept of Pop-Islamism, which emphasizes the contribution of political agents outside of political parties. I consider the following three questions: What is the primary reason behind creating a film in the context of the 212 movements? How does it deal with the event? What kind of Islam has been represented? This article argues that the medium of film is used to legitimize accusations of blasphemy made against Ahok through a singular interpretation of events, which represent Islam as a peaceful and tolerant religion. Subsequently, the film obscures select facts and issues to conceal the connection between the 212 movement and electoral politics in Jakarta. It does so by framing those issues apolitically in the context of increased Islamization in Indonesia.


The Qajar period is known as the period of the beginning of extensive relations with the Western world. This relationship affected various aspects of Iranian society. Iranian art and architecture in the Qajar period, influenced by the currents of modernity and modernization, initiated a dissimilar manifestation. During this period, the achievements of the Western modernity era entered the body and spirit of the architecture of this period especially within cities, buildings and mansions. Consequently, the architectural decorations were also affected specifically in the facades, entrances, interiors and other architectural elements and components. The present study is a descriptive-analytical method and data is collected via a comparative study on the decorative features of Qajar buildings in Mashhad in the form of documentary and field studies. The general findings of the research show that despite the influences of Western architecture on the architecture of the buildings, the main decorative features applied are brickwork, tiling and plastering. Of course, Western decorative elements such as decorative columns and capitals, sloping ceilings, wooden roof decorations, murals, metal heaters can be observed that emphasize the influence of Western architecture and decorations in the buildings of this period.


Women diagnosed with melanoma have better survival than men, but little is known about potential intervention targets to reduce this survival gap by sex. We conducted a population-based study using Victorian Cancer Registry data including 5833 women and 6780 men aged 15 to 70 years when diagnosed with first primary melanoma between 2007 and 2015. Deaths to the end of 2020 were identified through linkage to the Victorian and national death registries. We estimated the effect of age at diagnosis, tumour thickness and tumour site on reducing the melanoma-specific survival gap by sex (ie, interventional indirect effects [IIEs]) on risk difference (RD) scale. Compared to women, there were 211 (95% CI: 145-278) additional deaths per 10 000 in men within 5 years following diagnosis. We estimated that 44% of this gap would be reduced by a hypothetical intervention shifting the distribution of melanoma thickness in men to be the same as that observed for women (IIEthickness RD 93 [95% CI: 75-118] per 10 000) and 20% by an intervention on tumour site (head and neck/trunk vs upper limb/lower limb; IIEsite RD 42 [95% CI: 15-72] per 10 000), while an intervention on age at diagnosis would have a negligible effect. Tumour thickness, tumour site and age at diagnosis mediated 65% of the effect of sex on 5-year melanoma survival in Victoria. Of these factors, tumour thickness had the most considerable mediating effect, suggesting that effective promotion of earlier detection of melanoma in men could potentially nearly halve the gap in melanoma-specific survival by sex.


Despite vigorous debates about the technical characteristics of risk assessments being deployed in the U.S. criminal justice system, remarkably little research has studied how these tools affect actual decision-making processes. After all, risk assessments do not make definitive decisions---they inform judges, who are the final arbiters. It is therefore essential that considerations of risk assessments be informed by rigorous studies of how judges actually interpret and use them. This paper takes a first step toward such research on human interactions with risk assessments through a controlled experimental study on Amazon Mechanical Turk. We found several behaviors that call into question the supposed efficacy and fairness of risk assessments: our study participants 1) underperformed the risk assessment even when presented with its predictions, 2) could not effectively evaluate the accuracy of their own or the risk assessment's predictions, and 3) exhibited behaviors fraught with "disparate interactions," whereby the use of risk assessments led to higher risk predictions about black defendants and lower risk predictions about white defendants. These results suggest the need for a new "algorithm-in-the-loop" framework that places machine learning decision-making aids into the sociotechnical context of improving human decisions rather than the technical context of generating the best prediction in the abstract. If risk assessments are to be used at all, they must be grounded in rigorous evaluations of their real-world impacts instead of in their theoretical potential.


ABSTRACT A numerical approach is developed to simulate sediment transport by turbidity currents, with particular application to hyperpycnal plumes. The model extends the Chezy equation to explicitly include water entrainment, sediment erosion and deposition, and internal grain friction. Water entrainment is shown to be particularly important to the motion of hyperpycnal plumes, wherein internal friction is greatly reduced and the plume can flow even on small reverse slopes. Marine deposits associated with a 28-day flood on the Saguenay River in 1663 A.D. are compared favorably to model simulations on the shape (runout distance, turbidite thickness) and grain-size properties of the deposit. Properties of the turbidite are shown to be strongly linked to the duration and hydrograph of the flood event. During the rising limb of the flood wave, when sediment concentration and flow velocities are on the increase or remain high, deposition of the turbidite shifts seaward. On the falling limb of the flood wave, deposition of the turbidite shifts landward, as sediment concentration and flow velocities decrease. This later phase leads to the formation of a deposit that thickens and then thins seaward, in contrast to turbidites deposited from an ignitive surge, where deposit thickness simply decreases with distance. The deposit of a hyperpycnal flood event is initially inversely graded (finer to coarser particles measured from the base of the deposit), in association with the period of increasing discharge, then normally graded in association with the period of decreasing river flow.


The Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) Central Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Acceptance Lab was opened on March 29, 2018 at the Office of Materials Management (OMM) facility in Indianapolis. The state-of-the-art lab conducts acceptance testing on HMA samples from INDOT's Crawfordsville and Greenfield districts, as well as testing of appeals samples from the other four INDOT districts. Each HMA sample undergoes multiple sequences acceptance testing processes. In 2019, project SPR-4353 "Central HMA Acceptance Lab Process Improvement Project" was conducted with the goal to improve organization, flow of work and efficiency in the central region HMA Acceptance Lab for all tests done, and provide implementation leading to the reduction of turnaround time from six days to four days. This project follows key recommended actions from SPR-4353 to implementation.


Ruling over western South America for nearly 100 years, the Inca Empire was one of many global cultures that practiced human sacrifice, though few other rituals of human sacrifice are as captivating as the Inca child sacrifice of capacocha. Capacocha children were chosen to be representatives of the Inca people in the afterlife. As such, they were afforded an elevated position in society before their death. Following their selection, children would undergo a year-long pilgrimage terminating at a mountain top shrine where they would be killed. As a result of the low temperature and oxygen levels present at such a high elevation, the bodies of capacocha children were protected against decomposition, creating some of the best-preserved natural mummies in the world. These mummies have been the subject of numerous bioarchaeological analyses to determine their age, sex, geographic origin, pathological conditions, diet, and cause of death. Beyond these, however, the mummies present a unique opportunity to study how the capacocha ritual process — including the sudden ascension in status — manifested itself on the children's bodies. This paper aims to review the bioarchaeological data garnered from the mummies in order to reconstruct the experience of a child chosen for capacocha. Results suggest higher variability between children selected for capacocha than was originally outlined by Spanish chroniclers.


Generally, Africa has been characterized by chronic conflicts which are largely attributed to colonial legacies, repressive regimes, disastrous economic and political policies, systematic disregard of human liberties, institutionalized corruption and on-going civil wars. The causes of the lingering crises in Somalia are not far-fetched from those enumerated above. The complete breakdown of law and order in Somalia stem largely from economic and political problems inherent in most sub-Saharan African states. The resultant consequence of the anarchy in Somalia is largely manifested in the increasing rates of criminality, flagrant disregard for human rights, increased death tolls, dire humanitarian conditions, refugee crises and security tensions in the horn of Africa and Eastern Africa. The paper suggested among others that African indigenous initiatives should be used with a view to addressing the situation in Somalia. Africa should be allowed to chart its own course for its destiny. It may be an uphill task, but presents the best option towards ensuring its freedom.


Drugs of abuse are typically discussed in terms of their rewarding effects and how these effects mediate drug taking. However, these drugs produce aversive effects that could have an important role in the overall acceptability of a drug and its likelihood of being self‐administered. Rewarding and aversive effects, then, could be interpreted as separate behavioral effects, with the balance of the two determining overall drug acceptability. Interestingly, the role of aversive effects on drug acceptability in the self‐administration preparation has received limited attention in this context. This chapter examines the aversive effects of drugs and discusses their role in drug taking. If these aversive effects serve a protective function, manipulations that alter or decrease these effects could have implications for drug taking. Several factors have been reported to alter conditioned taste aversion (CTA) learning, a preparation used in the assessment of the aversive effects of drugs in general. Two of these factors, drug history and strain, are reviewed here. By reviewing these, we intend to demonstrate the protective nature of aversive effects in the initiation and escalation of drug taking and to provide evidence that reductions in aversive effects could produce changes in patterns of drug self‐administration that could lead to an increased vulnerability to abuse drugs by altering the reward–aversion balance. The aim of this chapter is not to question the importance of rewarding effects in self‐administration but rather to provide evidence that aversive effects are an important factor that needs to be considered in discussions of drug‐taking behavior.


In recognizing the relation between gender, race, and class oppression, American women of the postwar Progressive Party made the claim that peace required not merely the absence of violence, but also the presence of social and political equality. For progressive women, peace was the essential thread that connected the various aspects of their activist agendas. This study maps the routes taken by postwar popular front women activists into peace and freedom movements of the 1960s and 1970s. Historian Jacqueline Castledine tells the story of their decades-long effort to keep their intertwined social and political causes from unraveling and to maintain the connections among peace, feminism, and racial equality. Postwar progressive women and their allies often saw themselves as members of a popular front promoting the rights of workers, women, and African Americans under the banner of peace. However, the Cold War indelibly shaped the contours of their activism. Following the Progressive Party's demise in the 1950s, these activists reentered social and political movements in the early 1960s and met the inescapable reality that their agenda was a casualty of the left-liberal political division of the early Cold War era. Many Americans now viewed peace as a leftist concern associated with Soviet sympathizers and civil rights as the favored cause of liberals. Faced with the dilemma of working to reunite these movements or choosing between them, some progressive women chose to lead such New Left organizations as the Jeannette Rankin Brigade while others became leaders of liberal "second wave" feminist movements. Whether they committed to affiliating with groups that emphasized one issue over others or attempted to found groups with broad popular-front type agendas, Progressive women brought to their later work an understanding of how race, class, and gender intersect in women's organizing. These women's stories demonstrate that the ultimate result of Cold War-era McCarthyism was not the defeat of women's activism, but rather its reconfiguration.


A musical theatre production for children.
"After an argument with her brother, Thea is mysteriously transported through her smartphone to the magical land of TRON; where technology comes alive, computer viruses are deadly and online trolls are a threat. Along the way, she meets three malfunctioning apps and the four of them travel along the LED Road to seek the help of The Wonderful Wizard of TRON, all the while avoiding the nefarious witch Malware."
The Meteor presents The Wonderful Wizard of TRON, a funny 21st Century update of the classic children's story, adapted for local kids by Benny Marama and featuring original songs composed by Jeremy Mayall. A hilarious, panto-style, multimedia experience, The Wonderful Wizard of TRON is a snappy show with a modern message, that kids will love and adults will love even more…
Suitable for 5 to 18-year-old kids and for those adults who are still a kid at heart.
Shows at 10.30 am and 1 pm daily from Tuesday 11th to Saturday 15th July 2017


lambda Cro is a dimeric DNA binding protein. Random mutagenesis and a selection for Cro activity have been used to identify the contacts between Cro subunits that are crucial for maintenance of a stably folded structure. To obtain equivalent contacts in a monomeric system, a Cro variant was designed and constructed in which the antiparallel beta-ribbon that forms the dimer interface was replaced by a beta-hairpin. The engineered monomer has a folded structure similar to wild type, is significantly more stable than wild type, and exhibits novel half-operator binding activity.


Planktonic foraminifera record oceanic conditions in their shell geochemistry. Many palaeoenvironmental studies have used fossil planktonic foraminifera to constrain past seawater properties by defining species based on their shell morphology. Recent genetic studies, however, have identified ecologically distinct genotypes within traditionally recognized morphospecies, signaling potential repercussions for palaeoclimate reconstructions. Here we demonstrate how the presence of Globigerina bulloides cryptic genotypes in the Arabian Sea may influence geochemical signals of living and fossil assemblages of these morphospecies. We have identified two distinct genotypes of G. bulloides with either cool water (type-II) or warm water (type-I) temperature preferences in the Western Arabian Sea. We accompany these genetic studies with analyses of Mg/Ca and stable oxygen isotope (δ18O) compositions of individual G. bulloides shells. Both Mg/Ca and δ18O values display bimodal distribution patterns. The distribution of Mg/Ca values cannot be simply explained by seawater parameters, and we attribute it to genotype-specific biological controls on the shell geochemistry. The wide range of δ18O values in the fossil assemblage also suggests that similar controls likely influence this proxy in addition to environmental parameters. However, the magnitude of this effect on the δ18O signals is not clear from our data set, and further work is needed to clarify this. We also discuss current evidence of potential genotype-specific geochemical signals in published data on G. bulloides geochemistry and other planktonic foraminiferal species. We conclude that significant caution should be taken when utilizing G. bulloides geochemistry for paleoclimate reconstruction in the regions with upwelling activity or oceanographic fronts.


Title: A Comparison of the Equity-supportiveness of Organizational Cultures of (Public) NHS Organizations and (Private) Social Enterprise (SE) Providers

Theory: New Public Management (NPM) has been the most influential paradigm in public administration in the last three decades. NPM-driven ideas such as provider competition, privatisation and patient choice have resulted in increased interest from recent UK governments in Social Enterprises (SEs) for delivering public health services. NPM-based changes have been criticized for creating inequitable provision of healthcare and increasing unjust health inequalities. It is worth asking whether equity for patients is promoted equally effectively by public (NHS) organizations and SE providers.

Research Aims and Methodology: A mixed methods approach was employed. The quantitative strand used a survey to compare the equity-supportiveness of NHS and SE organizational cultures [124 respondents (68 NHS and 56 SE staff) from 21 organizations (12 NHS and 9 SEs)]. The qualitative strand used semi-structured interviews with 27 SE staff members to examine organizational changes in SEs and the impact of these changes on equity in service provision.

Findings: By achieving better alignment with organizational values, reducing bureaucracy, speeding up decision-making, giving staff more autonomy and responsibility, encouraging initiative, risk-taking and innovation, involving staff more actively in strategic decision-making, and making better use of technology, Social Enterprises are promoting equity to an equal or greater degree than public (NHS) organizations.

Implications: However, the SE model (currently limited to community healthcare services) remains unclear and problematic, suggesting caution in its use by larger NHS acute Trusts. More research is needed before a policy to support the adoption of the SE model in public service delivery is mainstreamed.


Nearly all employment interviews, even those considered highly structured, begin with a brief meet-and-greet conversation typically coalescing around non-job-related topics (i.e., rapport building). Although applicants and interviewers often view rapport building as an essential, value-adding component of the interview, it may contaminate interviewers' evaluations of answers to subsequently asked structured questions (Levashina, Hartwell, Morgeson, & Campion, 2014). Yet research has not determined the extent to which initial impressions developed during rapport building influence subsequent interviewer ratings through job-related interview content versus non-job-related content; whether these effects extend beyond more commonly examined image-related factors that can bias interviewers (i.e., self-presentation tactics); or how these effects are temporally bound when influencing interviewer ratings during the formal structured interview question-and-answer process. Addressing these questions, we integrate interview research with the extant social psychology literature to clarify rapport building's unique effects in the employment interview. In contrast to prior assumptions, findings based on 163 mock interviews suggest that a significant portion of initial impressions' influence overlaps with job-related interview content and, importantly, that these effects are distinct from other image-related constructs. Finally, initial impressions are found to more strongly relate to interviewer evaluations of applicant responses earlier rather than later in the structured interview. (PsycINFO Database Record


Objectives: Stroke is one of the major causes of death and disability in India, as evident from the Global Burden of Disease Study, causing 7.3% deaths. An effort was made to correlate stroke mortality with tobacco use, alcohol use, use of clean fuel, and economic condition. Study Design: This was an ecological study. Methods: Data were taken from nationally representative reports – National Family Health Survey 4, Global Adult Tobacco Survey 2: India 2016–2017, and India: Health of the Nation's States. Spearman correlation coefficient, scatter plot, and multivariate linear regression were used for state-wise analysis. Results: Clean fuel and smokeless tobacco (SLT) were significantly associated with mortality due to stroke (r = –0.423 and 0.445, respectively). Delhi, Goa, and Tamil Nadu, states with the highest proportion of population using clean fuel, recorded less deaths due to stroke, in comparison to rest of the country. On multivariate regression, use of SLT and secondhand smoking at work were found as independent predictors for stroke mortality. Conclusion: For preventing deaths from stroke, wide use of clean fuel should be encouraged and work place should be kept free from smoking.


Variable-dwell time code acquisition based on multiple-dwell or sequential linear test is investigated for direct-sequence spread spectrum systems on time-varying multipath Rayleigh fading channels. Not like the case of conventional additive white Gaussian noise channels, the channel memory incurred by multipath fading renders the exact analysis of the acquisition systems extremely difficult, if not impossible. A novel method is developed to evaluate the mean acquisition time of the acquisition systems to any desired accuracy. The effects of multipath fading are evaluated, and comparisons are made between the multiple-dwell and sequential linear tests. Numerical results show that multipath fading may result in 1-4 dB loss in performance, and the sequential linear test can outperform the multiple-dwell test by a margin of 1-2.5 dB. The analytical results are verified by computer simulations.


To the Editor: The gaming industry is growing rapidly, as is the proportion of older adults aged 65 years or older who participate in gambling (Tse et al., 2012). With casinos tailoring their venues and providing incentives to attract older adults, and with the increasing popularity of "pleasure trips" to casinos organized by retirement homes, plus active promotion of government-operated lotteries in many countries, this trend is likely to continue. Gambling disorder (GD) or "pathological" or "problem" gambling presents a public health concern in the geriatric population. However, ascertainment of its prevalence and diagnostic accuracy have proven challenging. This is largely due to the absence of diagnostic criteria specific to the geriatric age and rating scales validated for use in this population.


Objective
To evaluate the effectiveness of the strategy of skill mix of nurses and other health care professionals in primary health care.

Methods
Systematic review of the literature aligned with the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), including observational and intervention studies. No restrictions were established for period or country of publication; studies published in Spanish, English and Portuguese were included. The search was carried out in MEDLINE, CINAHL, LILACS, EMBASE and Web of Science electronic databases.

Results
Eighteen studies were analyzed, including 6 from the United States; 3 from the Netherlands; 2 from the United Kingdom; 1 each from Australia, South Africa, South Korea, Scotland, Haiti and Japan; and 1 study with a prospective observational design from 8 countries. The studies reported that the skill mix among health professionals enables a better use of material resources; optimizes time spent on care; improves adhesion to treatment, quality of care and commitment and satisfaction with the work; and reduces the level of psychological distress in nursing professionals.

Conclusions
The expansion of tasks of nurses and other health care professionals, and the skill mix as well as the development of interprofessional teams, are strategies that help to face a scarcity and poor distribution of human resources in urban and non-urban areas with improvement of the health care of the population and satisfaction of professionals and clients.


Mifepristone, also known as RU 486, is a 19‐norsteroid derivative. Currently, mifepristone is being tested in clinical trials on meningioma and breast cancer. In this study we analyzed whether mifepristone could inhibit the growth of human prostate cancer cells including androgen‐insensitive (PC‐3 and DU145) and androgen‐sensitive (LNCaP) cell lines. At 1‐nM concentration, mifepristone exhibited a marginal stimulatory action on LNCaP and PC‐3 cells. Nevertheless, a dose‐dependent growth inhibition on those same cell lines was observed at concentrations of 1 μM and 10 μM. Twenty‐day exposure to the clinically achievable concentration of 1 μM mifepristone resulted in consistent inhibition of all three cell lines studied. Furthermore, this in vitro growth inhibition was reflected in an in vivo nude mouse system. Mifepristone at the dosage of 4 mg/100 g body weight completely suppressed the growth of PC‐3 tumors for 21 days, although this was followed by a growth rate similar to that of the control tumor. To understand the possible mechanism of mifepristone inhibition, PC‐3 cells were exposed to mifepristone in comparison with dexamethasone (Dex), progesterone, and 5 alpha‐dihydrotestosterone (DHT), each at 1‐μM concentration. The results demonstrated that while both DHT and Dex alone had essentially no effect on cell growth, progesterone alone resulted in a 20% growth inhibition, while mifepristone had more than 60% inhibition with a 16‐day exposure. At an equal concentration, the degree of growth inhibition of PC‐3 cells by mifepristone or progesterone was partially diminished by simultaneous exposure to Dex. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that the growth of androgen‐insensitive prostate cancer cells can be directly inhibited by mifepristone in cultures. This in vitro inhibition is reflected in xenografted tumors.


The aim of this paper is to compare the patterns in diffusion of knowledge from the US to South East Asia (Korea and Taiwan) and Latin America (Brazil and Mexico) and to explore the nature of technological flows between these two regions during the 1976-2002 period. The patterns of knowledge diffusion from the US to Brazil and Mexico, and Korea and Taiwan during the 1976-2002 period are quite different. We found that the South East Asian countries had a higher number of patents granted in USPTO than their Latin American counterparts. Furthermore, the technologies registered in Korea and Taiwan were of high technology (Information and Communications, Electric and Electronics, etc.) meanwhile in Latin America (Brazil and Mexico) the technologies registered were of traditional tech fields (mechanical, chemical, etc.). Besides, the citations received (forward) by Korea and Taiwan outnumbers the citations received by Mexico and Brazil. That means that the value of knowledge in Asian countries is more important than it is in Latin American countries. This is very relevant because in the beginning of the analyzed period Latin American countries had the same technological distribution as these Asian countries.


Next generation wireless communication system is influenced by different wireless technologies such as WiFi, WiMAX, Cellular and LTE which use their fixed allocated spectrum. However, lack of spectrum resources becomes an important problem for future wireless network. Hence, for efficient use of spectrum resources, spectrum sharing between the existing wireless technologies receives much attention. However, to share the spectrum more efficiently, an effective spectrum sharing method should be developed. Most of the spectrum sharing methods are based on an optimization algorithm that provides an optimal solution for spectrum sharing. In this paper, the performance of a spectrum sharing method based on Genetic Algorithm (GA) has been evaluated. The method was applied in a WiMAX/WiFi integrated network, where a WiFi system temporarily uses a spectrum band of WiMAX system. Also a Linear Programming (LP) model has been developed as an alternative for spectrum sharing in the same network and comparative analysis between these two methods reveals that both methods give better performance in terms of throughput (bits/sec), download response time (sec) and received traffic rate (bytes/sec). According to the simulation results, it has been found that Genetic Algorithm (GA) shows its effectiveness in spectrum sharing in WiMAX/WiFi integrated network by reaching the global maxima very fast.
Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 66(2): 103-107, 2018 (July)


Data for three hydrobiotites from different sources give mean basal spacings of 24.51 Aa measured to 0.0.31 for individual flakes and 0.0.22 for oriented powder layers coefficient of variation (CV) values for these samples are 1.25, 0.35, and 0.98 when equal weight is given to all reflections. When the first-order diffractions are omitted, the CV values are 0.67, 0.29, and 0.20. The three samples studied have 45%, 53%, and 49% biotite layers; calculations also show that if the percentage of biotite layers falls outside the range 45-55% biotite, variable basal spacings with CV >0.75 will be obtained.--Modified journal abstract.


Abstract. The design of a ducted wind turbine modeled using an actuator disc was
studied using Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The design
variables included the rotor thrust coefficient, the angle of attack of the
duct cross section, the radial gap between the rotor and the duct, and the
axial location of the rotor in the duct. Two different power coefficients,
the rotor power coefficient (based on the rotor swept area) and the total
power coefficient (based on the exit area of the duct), were used as
optimization objectives. The optimal value of thrust coefficients for all
designs was nearly constant, having a value between 0.9 and 1. The rotor
power coefficient was sensitive to rotor gap but was insensitive to the
rotor's axial location for positions ranging from upstream of the throat to
nearly half the distance down the duct. Compared to the design that maximized
rotor power coefficient, the design for maximal total power coefficient was
characterized by a smaller angle of attack, a smaller rotor gap, and a
downstream placement of the rotor. The insensitivity of power output to the
rotor position implies that a rotor placed further downstream in the duct
could produce the same power with a considerably smaller duct exit area and
thus a greater total power coefficient. The design for that maximized total
power coefficient exceeded Betz's limit with a total power coefficient of
0.67.


The purpose of the current study was to examine the functional outcomes of C3.1 and C3.2 distal radius fractures. A trauma registry was used to identify patients with C3.1 and C3.2 distal radius fractures (n = 33). Clinical follow-up consisted of completion of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire and assignment of a Gartland and Werley Demerit Point System score. Average follow-up duration was 62 months. Mean DASH score was 14 points; mean Gartland and Werley score was 6 points. Results were 14 excellent, 12 good, 10 fair, and one poor. Patients regained an average of 78% of the flexion-extension arc, 94% of the pronation-supination arc, and 83% of grip strength compared with the uninjured side. Standardized and uniformly applied attempts at reconstruction of the distal radial articular surface led to successful outcomes in the majority of patients.


We studied 159 cases of superficial (stage Ta or T1) bladder tumors to determine the significance on survival of a subset of regulators of transition from G1 to S phase of the cell cycle (p53, p21Waf1, p27Kip1, cyclin D1, cyclin D3) and tumor proliferation (Ki-67 [MIB-1]). Clinical findings (patient age, sex, tumor size, grade, stage [Ta or T1]) were included in the analysis. Univariate analysis revealed association of tumor size ( P = .0353), grade in stage Ta tumors ( P = .0074), cyclin D1 expression ( P = .0182), and Ki-67 index ( P = .0033) with disease-free survival and of tumor size ( P = .0005), stage ( P = .0494), cyclin D3 expression ( P = .0105), and Ki-67 index ( P = .0272) with overall survival. Cox multivariate analysis revealed cyclin D1 expression and high proliferation index (disease-free) and tumor size, cyclin D3 expression, and high proliferation index (overall survival) as independent predictors. Results suggest that alterations of the progression from the G1 to S phase of the cell cycle are common in papillary urothelial bladder tumors. High tumor proliferation, expression of cyclins D1 and D3, and tumor size at diagnosis might be relevant predictors of survival in patients with stage Ta and T1 bladder urothelial tumors.


Ghana's economy has grown rapidly over the past decade, and the goal of becoming a middle-income country in the fairly near future now seems attainable. The likely contribution of the oil sector makes the goal look all the more achievable. Yet this goal is unlikely to be attained without a substantial advance in Ghana's industrial capability. This is therefore a good moment to ask some questions. • What are the current capabilities of Ghanaian firms? • Where did those capabilities come from? • Can the development of the oil sector lead to a parallel advance in related local industries? This volume presents the first general overview of Ghana's industrial sector. Each industry is profiled in detail, and the history and capabilities of leading firms are explored at length.


The thermostability and wettability of a separator play key roles in improving the safety and electrochemical properties of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Given this fact, a crystalline aluminium oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticle coated poly(aryl ether ketone) (PAEK) composite membrane with excellent comprehensive properties was fabricated by an electrospinning technique, and further used as a porous separator for high-performance lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The structure, thermal stability, morphology, liquid electrolyte uptake, porosity, contact angle, ionic conductivity and electrochemical performance of the PAEK–Al2O3 blend separator were investigated. Notably, the PAEK–Al2O3 separator showed much stronger anti-shrinkage properties (no dimensional changes) than a commercial polypropylene (PP) separator (severe thermal shrinkage) at 150 °C over 1 h. In addition, compared with those of PAEK and commercial PP separators, the degradation temperatures of the PAEK–Al2O3 separator were higher, with values over 500 °C. The PAEK–Al2O3 separator also had superior electrolyte wettability, and its electrolyte uptake reached 561%. The porosity and ionic conductivity of the composite separator were 89.4% and 3.15 mS cm−1, respectively. As a result of the abovementioned outstanding properties of the blend separator, the cell assembled from the PAEK–Al2O3 separator exhibited a high discharge capacity of 158.2 mA h g−1 (LiFePO4/Li+) during 100 cycles and a superior C rate performance. Hence, the obtained PAEK–Al2O3 separator enhanced the safety and electrochemical properties of the corresponding LIB.


The improvement in channel capacity hailed by MIMO systems is directly related to intricate details of the wireless channel such as the degree of correlation between the multiple channels established due to a MIMO configuration. Capturing these details in real time emulation systems becomes absolutely essential to validate theoretical results in a controlled setting. This paper presents methods to achieve significant improvements in speed and complexity for real time channel emulation maintaining high resolutions in time and frequency. In particular, this paper presents a frequency domain emulation technique that reduces add/multiply operations by 54% compared to conventional FIR emulation. A comprehensive complexity analysis is performed to compare the complexity of different techniques.


In this interview, Arie Rip talks to Jane Calvert about his life in STS and the history and future of the field. He begins in the late 1960s, when he started teaching a course in "chemistry and society." He then gives a first-hand account of the formation of the European Association for the Study of Science and Technology (EASST) and the Society for the Social Studies of Science (4S), and the growth of research in the "melting pot" that STS became. He goes on to discuss recent work on new and emerging technologies and responsible research and innovation. His narrative shows the connections, historically and in the present, between the different strands of STS, including sociological work, science policy and innovation studies. He argues that we are seeing a "mainstreaming" of STS as it permeates other academic disciplines and arenas such as government agencies and charities. He suggests that this mainstreaming may mean STS will disappear as an independent discipline. In her reflection following the interview, Jane Calvert focuses on Rip's point that STS is both a social movement and an academic discipline. She argues that this raises questions about what type of work we want to do as STS researchers, and how much freedom we have to choose.


A prototyping method for dielectrically loaded antennas is presented. Dielectric loading has been used with horn antennas, feeds, and lenses. Dielectrics have also been used for coating antennas submerged in water and biological matter and have led to improvements in bandwidth and efficiency as well as antenna miniaturisation. The authors present a new technique to produce variable dielectrics with permittivity from 6 to 28 using two commonly available powders, titanium dioxide (used in foods) and magnesium silicate (used in talcum powder). An example spherical helical ball antenna is used to demonstrate the process. In this antenna, the mixed powders were encased in a 3D printed shell that achieved a reduction in diameter of the spherical antenna by a factor of 1.85. The technique aids rapid prototyping and optimisation using search algorithms.


Spheroidal graphite was obtained by direct quenching iron melt atfter spheroidization and inoculation procedures. The morphology and the effects of trace elements on the formation of spheroidal graphite were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. Results indicate that all the graphite fixed by quenching, is nearly spheroidal with a diameter of approximately 20μm. In addition, the SEM image of graphite morphology confirms the screwed growth model of spheroidal graphite. The linear distribution of trace elements shows that the nucleus of spheroidal graphite consists of antimony, cerium, magnesium and sulfur element. Meanwhile, trace elements, such as antimony, cerium and magnesium, enrich around graphite nodule, which facilitates the formation of spheroidal graphite.


The aim of the investigation was to improve the methods of sanitation of purulent foci. Efficacy of the purulent cavity lavage increased due to the changed direction of the flow of antiseptic solution. Experimental investigations showed that the down-flow lavage of purulent wounds with antiseptics was not enough. The drainage tube was irrigated and contact-exposure of the antiseptic with the wound discharge and microbes was not fulfilled completely. The changed flow of the liquid upwards, in vertical drainage the irrigation solution came outside the limits of the drain and irrigated the wound canal walls filling the whole wound cavity. Bacteriological investigations showed decreased bacterial dissemination of the purulent wounds due to the adequate filling of the wound cavity through the drain. The number of complications considerably decreased, the period of hospital treatment was 1.5 times shorter.


Abstract : In November 2002, the Chinese Communist Party held its 16th Congress and formally initiated a sweeping turnover of senior leaders in both the Party and the People's Liberation Army (PLA). The meeting heralded not merely a new set of personalities in positions of political and military power, but also the emergence of a new generation of leaders. Who are these individuals, and what does their rise mean for the future of China and its military? The group of China specialists who have written this book have applied their research talents, intelligence, and hands-on experience to clarify and explain the most important issues of the day in China. China obviously matters to the United States because of its size, its spectacular patterns of growth, its profound problems linked to rapid growth, and its military intentions. These specialists have avoided the diseases of bias, demagoguery, predispositions, and showmanship, which infect so many of the analyses of China. Rather, they have examined the facts and the trends to explain the divisions and cohesions in the Chinese leadership and their potential significance to the United States and the rest of the world. These annual conferences have a long continuity stretching back to the early 1990s. Hence, there is a common database for the books produced each year. The writers revisit major problems in China's development, particularly in the military sphere. They also examine how Chinese policies have evolved over the years, and how important the United States has been in influencing China's strategy. What, for instance, will the emerging leadership with its factious differences do about Taiwan and North Korea? The conference took place at the Carlisle Barracks in September 19- 21, 2003, and was sponsored by the American Enterprise Institute, the Heritage Foundation and the Army War College. The exchanges were frank, the atmosphere was filled with camaraderie and tension.


Eastern Sicily has been affected in historical times by large earthquakes followed by devastating tsunamis, such as the 1169, 1693 and 1908 events. In order to provide a long term assessment for tsunami recurrence and related hazard, we developed a multi-disciplinary study, with a paleoseismological approach, aimed to recognize and date historical and paleo-tsunami deposits. Starting from information on the effects of known tsunamis (hit localities, inundation areas, run-up heights) and with a geomorphological approach, we selected several sites, such as coastal lakes, marshes and lagoons, potentially suitable for preserving tsunami deposits. In these sites 64 test gouge cores have been dug by hand and engine coring. In order to reconstruct paleoenvironments and to identify potential paleo-tsunami deposits, sedimentological and paleontological analyses were carried out. Magnetic and X-ray analyses were used to highlight susceptibility variations and peculiar small-scale sedimentary structures not detectable trough the standard stratigraphic analysis. Moreover, radiocarbon dating and tephra identification provide age ranges of the tsunami deposits and constrains for sedimentation rates allowing the correlation with historical events. At Capo Peloro in north-eastern Sicily, combining archaeological, historical, and C14 data, we associated two tsunami deposits, to the 1783 and 17 A.D. earthquakes. We collected also evidence for the occurrence of multiple inundations at sites in the eastern flank of Mt Etna: three events in the past 580 yr at Anguillara site and four events in the past 4000 yr at Gurna site. In south-eastern Sicily, in the Augusta bay, combining historical, tephrostratigraphical and C14 dating, we reconstructed a tsunami inundation history composed of six events in the past 4000 yr, the two most recent ones are related to the 1693 and 1169 earthquakes.


PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The authors compare the frequency of thromboembolic disease in the patients receiving prophylactic therapy for 10 days with that in the patients having a prolonged course of preventive treatment recommended for up to 35 days after total hip arthroplasty (THA). MATERIAL The group first evaluated comprised patients undergoing total hip replacement in 2005 and 2006 when enoxaparin was administered for 10 days after surgery. Patients with revision THA were not included. The other group included patients operated on in 2008 who received preventive treatment for 35 post-operative days either with enoxaparin for the whole time, or with enoxaparin for 10 days of hospital stay and then warfarin up to the 35th day after surgery. Patients under going revision THA and those taking other prophylactic agents were not evaluated. METHODS The evaluation of the 2005/6 group included retrospective reviews of medical records, questionnaires sent to the pa tients and information received from their general practitioners. The 2008 group assessment was based on the informa tion obtained at the patient's follow-up visit at 3 months and completed with data from the questionnaires and medical notes. We focused on the records of distal or proximal deep vein thrombosis in lower extremities and of pulmonary embolism including cases with a fatal outcome. Complications associated with pharmacological prevention were also recorded. RESULTS In the 2005/6 group including 478 patients with an average age of 67.2 years, 23 (4.8 %) patients developed thromboembolic disease within 3 months of surgery, six patients had pulmonary embolism of which two of them died. The thromboembolic complication developed at a median of 30.5 post-operative days, i.e., after patient discharge from hospital. In the 2008 group comprising 289 patients with an average age of 63.8 years, three patients (1 %) developed thromboembolic disease within 3 months of surgery. Of them, one woman had deep vein thrombosis in relation to a high factor VIII level; and one developed pulmonary embolism with no fatal outcome. Only the minority of patients (6.9 %) continued enoxaparin therapy, the majority (93.1 %) preferred conversion to warfarin after discharge from hospital. Of the total number of 289 patients evaluated, complications associated with prophylactic treatment were recorded in 52 patients (18 %), namely, in 35 patients (12.1 %) it was difficult to establish the correct dosage of warfarin, in 13 patients (4.5 %) warfarin caused minor bleeding or dyspepsia and in 4 patients (1.4 %) major bleeding was recorded. DISCUSSION In our study the patients receiving a 10-day prophylactic therapy showed a slightly higher occurrence of thromboembolic disease within 3 months of THA surgery (4.8 %) than the patients reported by Eikelboom et al. (4.3 %). The results of prolonged prophylactic treatment for at least 35 days were similar, thromboembolic disease was found in 1 % of the patients. The development of thromboembolic event was recorded in our study at a median of 30.5 post-operative days, as compared with a median of 17 days in the study by Liebermann et al. In both studies, most of the thromboembolic complications developed after the patients had been discharged from hospital. The majority of patients chose warfarin for prolonged preventive treatment. There was a high complication rate (18 %) due to not finding the correct warfarin dosage or because of its overdose CONCLUSIONS Patients undergoing THA are at high risk of developing deep vein thrombosis. The risk can be markedly reduced by prolonged pharmacological ophylaxis It is recommended that the use of warfarin for this prolonged therapy should be carefully considered, because its optimal dose is difficult to establish and its overdose may cause serious complications.


The leader proteinase (L(pro)) of foot-and-mouth-disease virus is an unusual papain-like cysteine proteinase. Synthesized without an N-terminal pro precursor region, it frees itself from the growing polypeptide chain by cleavage at its own C-terminus. It also possesses a unique electrostatic environment around the active site, essentially due to Asp(163), which orients the catalytic histidine residue, and Asp(164); the equivalent residues in papain are Asn(175) and Ser(176). The importance of these residues for L(pro) activity was examined by site-directed mutagenesis. Replacement of Asp(163) with asparagine reduced activity by five-fold towards a hexapeptide substrate and slightly delayed self-processing when expressed in rabbit reticulocyte lysates. However, no effect on the cleavage of the only known cellular substrate of L(pro), eukaryotic initiation factor 4GI (eIF4GI), was observed. In contrast, replacement of Asp(164) by either alanine, asparagine or lysine abrogated activity towards the hexapeptide. Furthermore, in all cases, the onset of both self-processing and eIF4GI cleavage were significantly delayed; the reaction rates were also diminished compared with those of the wild-type enzyme. The alanine-substituted enzyme was least affected, followed by those substituted with asparagine and lysine. The double mutant protein in which both aspartate residues were replaced by asparagine was most severely affected; it failed to complete either self-processing or eIF4GI cleavage within 3 h, compared with the 8 min required by the wild-type enzyme. Hence, we propose that the electrostatic charge of Asp(164), and to a lesser extent that of Asp(163), is extremely important for L(pro) to attain full activity upon synthesis.


THE OCCURRENCE of bleeding into the gastrointestinal tract from the hepatobiliary system is referred to as hemobilia, a term introduced by Sandblom 1 in 1948. Although the condition can be caused in a multitude of ways, the present report is concerned with external trauma to the liver as the etiological factor—traumatic intrahepatic hemobilia. Cases of intrahepatic hemobilia complicating operations on the biliary tree are not included. 2-6 Similarly, patients presenting with a history of adequate external trauma but lacking some of the clinical and operative features or postmortem confirmation of the disease are excluded. 7-16a It was because of the similarity of this condition to hematuria in kidney injuries that Sandblom introduced the term hemobilia. He implied that it occurs most frequently in central fractures of the liver, leaving the capsule intact. It may, in fact, be associated more often with liver lacerations that include the capsule and on rare


Gym Buddies is a community based health and fitness mobile application aiming to curb the rising trend in obesity levels and increase physical activity by tapping into the huge market penetration of smart phone devices. The application offers an endless supply of workout programs and health and fitness advice through user generated content as well as a community where users can advise and aid each other with their health and fitness goals.

Studies by the World Health Organization show that Ireland is set to become the most obese nation in Europe by 2030. The purpose of Gym Buddies is to help people avoid becoming a statistic and increase their quality of life. According to a survey carried out by Eir (Formerly Eircom), 70% of the Irish population now owns a smart phone, this affords a huge opportunity to change people's behaviors through a device most consider essential to their daily lifestyle.

Gym Buddies aims to be a one stop workout companion for a user looking to exercise and improve their personal health. A survey carried out during the gathering of requirements showed a very positive response to the premise of using a mobile application for the purposes outlined above and an overwhelming majority confirmed they already use online sources to put together their workout programs. Respondents also agreed they were more likely to stick with exercising as part of a group or in collaboration with other people. These findings show that by combining all of the things people find useful into one application, Gym Buddies has the potential to fill a gap in the market and help people get active and improve their health.


In vitro screening of some essential oils against Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht and F. udum Butler which cause wilt diseases of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] revealed that the oil of Trachyspermum ammi (ajowain) was a strong fungitoxicant. The toxicity of the oil was found to be fungicidal at 0.1 %, which inhibited heavy doses of inocula (25 fungal discs, each of 5-mm diameter) and killed the test pathogen in just 2-3 s. The oil's activity was found to be thermostable up to 80°C and autoclavable at 15 pounds per square inch pressure. The oil exhibited broad antifungal activity against Alternaria alternata (FR.) Keissler, Aspergillus flavus Link, A. parasiticus Speare, Cladosporium cladosporioides (Fresenius) de vries, Colletotrichum capsici (Syd.) Butler & Bisby, C. falcatum Went, Curvularia lunata (Wakker) Boedijn, Helminthosporium maydis Nisikado & Miyakel, H. oryzae Breda de Haan, Penicillium implicatum Biourge, P. italicum Wehmer, and P. minio-luteum Dierckx, and was found to be more active than some commercial synthetic pesticides (benlate, captan, mancozeb, and thiram). The oil did not have any phytotoxic effects on seed germination and seedling growth of the host plant, C. cajan. The oil's toxicity prevents the wilt disease of pigeonpea at 10% concentration. It has also been reported to be harmless to human health.


Objective. To assess whether in Mexican population the frequencies of ATM polymorphisms IVS24-9delT, IVS38-8T>C, and 5557G>A in breast cancer (BC) cases and healthy controls were different from those found in other countries. Materials and methods. Frequencies of polymorphisms conferring BC risk IVS24-9delT, IVS38-8T>C, and 5557G>A were analyzed by PCR-RFLP in 94 patients with familial and/or early onset BC, and 97 healthy controls randomly selected. Allele frequencies analysis was done using χ2 and Hardy-Weinberg test. Results. Frequencies of heterozygous were: for 5557G>A, 13% cases, 0%controls (p=0.0009); for IVS24-9delT, 21% cases, 8% controls (p=0.0122); for IVS388T>C, only one case. 5557G>A and IVS24-9delT were more frequent in cases than in controls. The allelic frequencies found in 5557G>A are similar to those described by González-Hormazábal in Chile. Conclusion. The similarity of results in this polymorphism between Chilean and Mexican populations may be due to both being crossbred with an Amerindian-Spanish component, while differences may be due to fact that Chilean population has a greater European component than Mexican's.


The aim of this work is to show the way and means of therapy with lithium salts in psychiatry. It takes under concideration the mechanism of acting, absorbtion and distribution in human organism of these lithium salts. The practical instruction wasn't omitted. One referred the other use of lithium salts. One described the conjunction and synergy lithium with other drugs. One stretched the side effects and comlpication which can appeared in the treatment of lithium which have to be ware the doctors practitioners.


The objective of this research was to study the factor analysis of the knowledge management process for public university lecturers in Bangkok. The sample was 650 lecturers working in Government universities in Bangkok. The instrument used for data collection was 5 rating scales questionnaire eliciting data concerning knowledge management process of these university lecturers. The reliability of the instrument, calculated by Cronbach Alpha Coefficient is 0.95. The data analysis by using exploratory factor analysis by orthogonal rotation with the varimax method was used to extract factors. Findings: There was the knowledge management process of university lecturers ten components, described by 85 items. Loading factors ranged from .40 to .77 and they accounted for 68.77 percent of the total variance. The factors name were: (1) tacit knowledge acquisition; (2) discovery knowledge; (3) capture knowledge; (4) knowledge creating; (5) knowledge creation from research; (6) management knowledge storage; (7) knowledge storage and access; (8) knowledge sharing; (9) knowledge transfer and dissemination; and (10) learning.


Successfully reproducing the galaxy luminosity function and the bimodality in the galaxy distribution requires a mechanism that can truncate star formation in massive haloes. Current models of galaxy formation consider two such truncation mechanisms: strangulation, which acts on satellite galaxies, and AGN feedback, which predominantly affects central galaxies. The efficiencies of these processes set the blue fraction of galaxies, fblue(L, M), as function of galaxy luminosity, L, and halo mass, M . In this paper we use a galaxy group catalogue extracted from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) to determine fblue(L, M). To demonstrate the potential power of these data as a benchmark for galaxy formation models, we compare the results to the semianalytical model for galaxy formation of Croton et al. (2006). Although this model accurately fits the global statistics of the galaxy population, as well as the shape of the conditional luminosity function, there are significant discrepancies when the blue fraction of galaxies as a function of mass and luminosity is compared between the observations and the model. In particular, the model predicts (i) too many faint satellite galaxies in massive haloes, (ii) a blue fraction of satellites that is much too low, and (iii) a blue fraction of centrals that is too high and with an inverted luminosity dependence. In the same order, we argue that these discrepancies owe to (i) the neglect of tidal stripping in the semi-analytical model, (ii) the oversimplified treatment of strangulation, and (iii) improper modeling of dust extinction and/or AGN feedback. The data presented here will prove useful to test and calibrate future models of galaxy formation and in particular to discriminate between various models for AGN feedback and other star formation truncation mechanisms.


Kenya and Tanzania spend huge amounts of capital to develop nature-reserves, which are enormous regions of their territory, with examples of the Maasai Mara National Reserve and the Serengeti National Park. However, due to non-existence of proper taxation systems, corruption alongside ineffective administration that lack modernized information technology; these reserves get to be highly unprofitable. The result of unprofitability, raise the inability of the states to run the nature reserves, putting both countries into constant affirmations of seeking monetary infusions from industrialized nations. The seek for aid, constantly puts the two states in a dilemma, over who benefits most from the nature reserves, creating mistrust among the two, on economic gains from international community based aid and donations, meant to maintain the nature reserves. As a result, numerous effects of these shared resources get to emerge, affecting the interstate relations what could be identified to be the 'tragedy of the commons'. Therefore, through study objectives that sought to identify and assess the effects of shared resources on interstate relations, the study investigated strategies used in addressing these effects and recommend on workable policies and activities that assisted in addressing the effects. The study area was identified through stratified sampling from a list of many interstate shared resources considering the fact that it meets the threshold and scope of the study. The research targeted to interview a total of 15 participants. Other data was collected through multiplicity of data collection methods among them; questionnaire, in-depth interview and observation. Data collected was analysed through qualitative and quantitative data analysis methods and then key findings of this study revealed for recommendations. The study found that sharing of natural resources has an impact on interstate relations. The study found that scarcity of these natural resources, territorial conflicts, political conflicts, revenue administration are the main causes of conflicts between states sharing natural resources. The study concluded that natural resources have an effect on interstate relations. The study recommended that Kenya and Tanzania should implement agreements by mapping the border according to the international regulations governing sharing of natural resources.


The doctrine of the resurrection says that God will resurrect the body that lived and died on earth—that the post-mortem body will be numerically identical to the pre-mortem body. After exegetically supporting this claim, and defending it from a recent objection, we ask: supposing that the doctrine of the resurrection is true, what are the implications for the mind-body relation? Why would God resurrect the body that lived and died on earth? We compare three accounts of the mind-body relation that have been applied to the doctrine of the resurrection: substance dualism, constitutionalism, and animalism. We argue that animalism offers a superior explanation for the necessity of the resurrection: since human persons just are their bodies, life after death requires resurrection of one's body. We conclude (by inference to the best explanation) that those endorsing the doctrine of the resurrection should be animalists.


Institutional digital repositories are growing at a rapid rate. With expansion, however, come new challenges. Three areas identified in the recent JISC digital repository review include handling data and other file formats in addition to text and pdf research outputs, sustainability and long-term preservation, and better integrating repositories into researchers' work practices and the life cycle of research projects. A newly launched project, Timescapes, will create an archive of qualitative longitudinal data based at the University of Leeds and has been designed to develop and test solutions in these three areas. The Timescapes Archive will have two components: there will be a digital repository at Leeds that will be the receiving facility for incoming content. This repository will be an extension of the existing MIDESS system at Leeds and explicitly designed to accommodate multi-media file formats. This repository will support data preparation, metadata enhancement, and data sharing, both within the Timescapes team and with other authorised users. The repository will send appropriately prepared (e.g., compliant with OAIS and DDI standards) to the UK Data Archive at the University of Essex for preservation. Dissemination versions of files (whether produced at Leeds or UKDA) will be managed from the repository. Thus the repository will have primary responsibility for ingest and dissemination with the UKDA handling preservation. This paper will first address the distinctive features of the Timescapes archive and its design process. Secondly it will discuss the implementation strategies used to date in the project. Finally, it will report on successes and challenges encountered so far. The project is still in its first year so all findings are tentative. However, it is hoped that by sharing our experience early, the project will benefit from others' experience and perhaps also be of some value to others.


This Article examines the relationship between private environmental governance and trademark law. Over the past two decades, green trademarks and other forms of private governance have flourished in tandem with the retreat from national and international public law modalities of environmental regulation. The rising political opposition to environmental regulation partly accounts for this change. Also relevant is the rise of globalization, which due to jurisdictional and trade constraints has diminished the effective regulatory control countries have over products sold in their markets.

Private environmental governance is premised on consumers "voting with their wallets" by selecting products that reflect not just their instrumental preferences but also their values. The potential of this form of private governance has not been realized, however, in part because consumers are often overwhelmed by information from multiple green trademarks with different standards or criteria. The resulting congestion of market information has undermined the communicative function of green trademarks that is essential to enabling consumers to make environmentally responsible choices.

For a variety of reasons, trademark law is premised on a narrowly prescribed role for trademarks that is poorly adapted to facilitating information-based forms of private governance. Instead, intramural battles over the scope of trademark rights—ignited by overreaching corporate branding strategies—have elevated a reactionary turn in trademark theory that reduces trademarks solely to identifying the specific source of a product or service. We argue that the normative ends of private environmental governance should factor into, though by no means determine, trademark policy.


A case of a 67-year old woman with adenosarcoma of the uterus is reported. Adenosarcoma is a mixed mesodermal tumour with a low malignant potential. It is characterised by a benign glandular and a malignant stromal component. Adenosarcomas are usually treated by hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Patients with myometrial invasion have an increased risk of recurrence. It may be appropriate, to consider adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation treatment for these patients.


A kind of intelligent release fresh-keeping composite packaging films with its preparation methods and experimental results were introduced. This novel fresh-keeping film has three structural layers: the inner layer to control the release which are formed by a certain proportion of EVA/LDPE blended resins; the interlayer to generate SO2 fresh keeping agent which are composed of blended polyurethane binder, sodium metabisulfite and calcium sulfite served as adhesive layer; the outer designed as barrier layer to avoid SO2 diffusion to outside. The film properties varied with different inner layer components were characterized including film polarity, water vapor transmission rate and oxygen transmission rate tests. The film crystallinity and grain size of the inner layer with different LDPE/EVA blend proportions were analyzed by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Also, the effects of different inner layer components on the relations of SO2 concentration and release cycles were investigated. The experimental results showed that the film could not only control the SO2 release amount with the need of various fruits so as to inhibit the growth of mould on fruits, but also restrain fruit respiration, reduce water loss and nutrients consumption, and thus extend the fruit storage period effectively.