The synthesis and accumulation of more than 30 virus-induced polypeptides was detected after infection of permissive primate cells with high multiplicities of herpesvirus saimiri. These virus-induced polypeptides had apparent mol. wt. of from 12,000 (12K) to 250K and differed in molar abundance by up to two orders of magnitude. The majority of virus-induced polypeptides satisfied multiple criteria for their virus specificity. Polypeptides of 110K, 76K, 51K and 31K to 29K were synthesized at maximum rates early in infection, but the majority of proteins were made at high rates late in infection. Virus-specific polypeptides were substrates for a number of post-synthetic modifications. The 117K, 85K, 76K, 31K and 30K polypeptides were each processed to forms with altered electrophoretic mobility. The 117K and 85K polypeptides were among the virus-specified substrates for glycosylation and virus-induced polypeptides of 59K, 51K, 30K and 26K were phosphorylated. The early 51K phosphoprotein and the 30K to 31K polypeptides were rapidly translocated to the nucleus of infected cells. The 31K polypeptide was processed to a 29K product which remained stably associated with the nuclear fraction. The 30K nuclear protein was shown to be the precursor of a 28K polypeptide which was released in a soluble form into the cytoplasmic fraction and the culture medium of cells at late times in the virus growth cycle. Many other polypeptides accumulated slowly in nuclear (e.g. 250K, 150K, 130K, 110K and 38K) or in cytoplasmic (e.g. 117K, 85K and 28K) fractions of infected cells in forms which could be differentiated by the use of detergents or differences in stability to salt extraction. The mol. wt., relative molarities and some features of the post-synthetic processing of herpesvirus saimiri polypeptides more closely resembled the properties of gene products of Epstein-Barr virus than those of herpes simplex virus.


Using Star Identification Algorithms on ESTCube-2 Star Tracker This thesis estimates the feasibility and determines the expected performance characteristics of a star tracker for ESTCube-2 student satellite. It measures limiting magnitude for the ESTCube2 star tracker hardware and estimates the decrease in signal-to-noise ratio due to the spacecraft's rotational motion using geometric modelling. The acquired limiting magnitude is used to determine the optimal parameters to use with the pattern recognition algorithms for star identification purposes. The work also develops a way of creating and structuring a reference database in an effective way. Test results indicate that using the acquired parameters, the star tracker will be able to determine spacecraft's attitude for cases of slow rotation up to 5 degrees per second. Results also indicate capability of attitude determination up to 10 times per second. The spacecraft's mission also contains a phase of fast rotation, during which the star tracker will no longer be able to produce accurate attitude estimates at all times. With the algorithm configurations recommended in the thesis the ESTCube-2 star tracker could still provide a valuable contribution to the attitude and orbital control subsystem while experiencing angular velocities greater than 5 degrees per second. Thus it may outperform state-of-the-art commercial nanosatellite star trackers in that particular situation. CERCS: T320 Space technology; T111 Imaging, image processing; P520 Astronomy, space research, cosmic chemistry


We assess whether the probability of a sample member participating at a particular wave of a panel survey is greater if the same interviewer is deployed as at the previous wave. Previous research on this topic mainly uses non-experimental data. Consequently, a) interviewer change is generally non-random, and b) continuing interviewers are more experienced by the time of the next wave. We designed a balanced experiment in which both interviewer continuity and experience are controlled. Multilevel multiple membership models are used to explore the effects of interviewer continuity on refusal rate and response rate as well as interactions of interviewer continuity with other variables.


This study characterized agent differential permeability, three-dimensional tumor volume, and survival in an LX-1 human small cell lung carcinoma intracerebral xenograft model in the nude rat. The percent accessible tissue space (distribution volume) and the permeability x capillary surface product for aminoisobutyric acid (M(r) 103), methotrexate (M(r) 454), dextran 10 (M(r) 10,000), and dextran 70 (M(r) 70,000) were measured between 8 and 16 days after inoculation of tumor. Magnetic resonance imaging and histology were used to quantitate intracerebral tumor volume (mm3). Accessible tissue space (ml/g) and permeability x capillary surface product in intracranial tumor, surrounding brain, and subcutaneous tumor decreased with increasing molecular weight of the agent, regardless of the number of days after inoculation. Accessible tissue space in intracranial tumor increased between 8 and 16 days for all agents except dextran 70. There was little change in the subcutaneous tumor or other tissues with time. Tumor volume calculations from imaging studies correlated with volumetric measurements from histological sections (r2 = 98.5%) and illustrated natural tumor progression (9 to 225 mm3). These results provide a basis for therapeutic design based on differential permeability of specific agents and the ability to quantitatively measure brain tumor volume for accessing tumor response.


Purpose: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) is established in urology practice with routine use of fluoroscopic guidance. Herein, we retrospectively evaluated the potential factors affecting the fluoroscopic screening time (FST) during PNL. Materials and Methods: A total of 282 patients with documented FST in detail during PNL performed by one surgeon were enrolled in this study. In all cases, PNL was performed on patients in prone position under C-armed fluoroscopy unit. The correlation between the FST and patient and also stone factors, including body mass index (BMI), previous open renal surgery, characteristics and size of the stone, and presence of hydronephrosis, as well as procedural factors such as percutaneous access number and location and operation time were analyzed. Results: The mean age of the patients was 43 14.7 (range: 18–67) years. The mean operation time was 78.9 22.0 (range: 45–150) minutes, and the mean FST was 10.19 6.3 (range: 3–50) minutes. The mean stone size was 8.46 5.11 cm (range: 2–30). The FST was significantly prolonged in patients with increased stone burden ( p1⁄4 0.001) and necessitating multiple accesses procedures ( p1⁄4 0.007). However, BMI of the patient, stone configuration, degree of hydronephrosis, history of open renal surgery, and access location did not have an impact on FST ( p> 0.05). Conclusion: In patients with large stones necessitating multiple accesses, FST is significantly prolonged; therefore, they have to be managed by experienced surgeons to diminish the radiation exposure. However, BMI, stone configuration, presence of hydronephrosis, history of open renal surgery, and access location did not have effect on FST in our study.


Nowadays, wireless communication technologies are being employed in an ever increasing number of different application areas, including industrial environments. Benefits deriving from such a choice are manifold and include, among the others, reduced deployment costs, enhanced flexibility and support for mobility. Unfortunately, because of a number of reasons that have been largely debated in the literature, wireless systems cannot be thought of as a means able to fully replace wired networks in production plants, in particular, when real-time behavior is a key issue. In this paper, an analysis of the real-time performance that can be achieved in quality-of-service (QoS)-enabled 802.11 networks has been carried out. In particular, a detailed analysis of latencies and packet loss ratios for a typical enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) infrastructure wireless local area network (WLAN) is presented, obtained through numerical simulations. A number of aspects that may affect suitability for the use in control systems have been taken into account, including the Transmission Opportunity (TXOP) mechanism, the internal architecture of the AP, the use of a time-division multiple access (TDMA)-based communication scheme as well as the adoption of broadcast communications.


We report on synthesis, stability, electronic structure and optical properties of CuTaN2 with the delafossite crystal structure and its potential use as an absorber for solar energy conversion applications. According to theoretical first-principles calculations, the formation enthalpy of CuTaN2 is negative (−0.66 eV per atom), but this material is metastable with respect to decomposition into Cu, Ta3N5 and N2. Nevertheless, the experimental thermal stability limit of single phase CuTaN2 powders synthesized using an ion exchange method is 250 °C in ambient atmosphere, according to combined temperature-dependent X-ray diffraction and thermo-gravimetric analyses. Electronic structure of the CuTaN2 is different compared to that of CuAlO2, in particular the band gap of this nitride delafossite (1.3 eV) calculated using HSE06+G0W0 is much smaller than the band gap of the oxide delafossite. The onset of optical absorption onset of CuTaN2 at 1.5 eV determined from experimental diffuse reflectance measurements is consistent with the theoretical 1.4 eV optical band gap and large calculated absorption coefficient (>105 cm−1 above 1.5 eV) determined from time-dependent HSE06 calculations corrected by a scissors operator. The significance of our findings is that optical properties of CuTaN2 are nearly optimal for photovoltaic energy conversion.


Three all-female strains of the viviparous fish Poeciliopsis occur in the R�o Fuerte of Sinaloa, Mexico. Poeciliopsis lucida, a bisexual species, provides sperm for these monosexual forms which I designate as Cx, Cy, and Cz. Form Cy is a triploid that when test-mated to males of various species produces all-female, triploid offspring devoid of paternal characters. Both Cx and Cz are diploid and express characteristics of both parents.


Abstract The reproduction of the alien crayfish species Pacifastacus leniusculus inhabiting Lake Shikaribetsu, Hokkaido, Japan, was studied from August 2002 to August 2003. Spawning was for a short period after mating in mid October. The eggs developed to eyed stage in June the following year and hatched in mid July. After remaining with their mother for several weeks, the juveniles became independent between late July and August. The egg numbers attached to pleopods of this crayfish significantly increased with the female body size. The time of spawning in Lake Shikaribetsu was similar to that of this crayfish living in North America and Europe reported by previous studies, but the time of egg hatching was later in Lake Shikaribetsu compared with some populations in North America and Europe. A comparison of our results of the reproduction of P. leniusculus with that of the endangered Japanese endemic crayfish species Cambaroides japonicus reported by previous studies showed that P. leniusculus has a markedly higher reproductive ability than C. japonicus in terms of egg numbers.


In the future, a large-scale expansion of offshore wind energy is expected in the Netherlands. For this large-scale expansion, a well-designed offshore network is needed. Different network configurations will lead to other availability of the offshore network and therefore also the offshore wind energy. This paper treats the contribution of offshore wind energy to the reliability of the Dutch power system, taking into account the availability of the wind power production and the offshore network. In this research, different configurations for the offshore wind energy network are defined, like individually connected wind parks, clusters of wind parks of 1 GW, and two main clusters of offshore wind parks. For each configuration, the availability of the offshore network is determined. Then the offshore wind energy, the offshore network and the Dutch power system are combined into one reliability model for the combined system. Conclusions are drawn about the availability of the different offshore networks and the usefulness of the combined reliability model developed.


Philosophies of civilisation, nation, globalisation, and localisation manifest in educational structuring, school hidden curricula, and subject areas like social studies or citizenship education. Additionally, media play a vital role in young people's development of their identities and civic allegiances, apart from what takes place in schools. Media may complement or contradict messages about human living together and one's place in living together provided in educational contexts. Given media's impact, within and outside educational spaces, it would be counterproductive to not examine this impact if one wants to understand how students learn to live together in society. Appreciating the role of media in developing civic ideas can help to enhance strategies of civic education. It can also help to identify skills related to literacy, information processing, and social networking that align with effective development of critical thinking capacities in civic education. This article first explores theoretically how people learn through and engage with media. Next, it considers ways in which media can impact civic identities. It explores how media is impacted by and reflects messages related to civilisation, nationalism, globalization and localism. The article then discusses common ways of responding to media in education. Here, critical media literacy education is examined and reflected upon. Broader educational implications of the exploration are discussed in the conclusion.


Spherical micelles of a polystyrene-b-poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PS-b-PDMS) diblock copolymer with the number-average molecular weight of 193 000 g/mol for PS and 39 000 g/mol for PDMS were obtained by using n-dodecane or n-octane as the selective solvent for the PDMS block. The drying process of micelle solution drops with relatively high polymer concentration on solid substrates and the resultant drying patterns were studied using optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The drying drops exhibited an inner solution "cap" connecting with an outer gelled "foot" through a transition zone. A crust was first formed on the surface of the transition zone and remained on the top of the foot region. An inhomogeneous stress perpendicular to the radial direction within the crust, which was due to the solvent evaporation accompanied by the receding of the solution cap, induced regular 45 degrees -tilted stripes (pleats) in the transition zone and main radial cracks in the foot region. The stripes and cracks have periods of a few and tens of microns, respectively. Concave micelle "bricks" were also observed between cracks. In addition to micelle close packing, these patterns demonstrate that drying micelle solution drops may provide a potential means to manipulate fine and multiscale structures for technological applications.


We consider zero-sum games on infinite graphs, with objectives specified as
sets of infinite words over some alphabet of colors. A well-studied class of
objectives is the one of $\omega$-regular objectives, due to its relation to
many natural problems in theoretical computer science. We focus on the strategy
complexity question: given an objective, how much memory does each player
require to play as well as possible? A classical result is that finite-memory
strategies suffice for both players when the objective is $\omega$-regular. We
show a reciprocal of that statement: when both players can play optimally with
a chromatic finite-memory structure (i.e., whose updates can only observe
colors) in all infinite game graphs, then the objective must be
$\omega$-regular. This provides a game-theoretic characterization of
$\omega$-regular objectives, and this characterization can help in obtaining
memory bounds. Moreover, a by-product of our characterization is a new
one-to-two-player lift: to show that chromatic finite-memory structures suffice
to play optimally in two-player games on infinite graphs, it suffices to show
it in the simpler case of one-player games on infinite graphs. We illustrate
our results with the family of discounted-sum objectives, for which
$\omega$-regularity depends on the value of some parameters.


Abstract The San Diego maar is a volcano located at the middle of the Colombian Central Cordillera that forms part of the dispersed and isolated Samaná Volcanic Field (with at least three volcanoes). San Diego is excavated on Triassic metamorphic rocks and Neogene sub-volcanic andesitic units, and forms approximately 15 m of mostly unconsolidated eruption-related deposits. These deposits were divided into four stratigraphic units (U1–U4) that together define the evolution of the eruption: (1) an unsteady vent-clearing stage; (2) drier to wet pyroclastic base surges; (3) dry base surges; and (4) a final wet stage. At the end of the activity, the crater was enlarged due to a complex set of rock falls and slides in the crater walls. Finally, the volcanic activity switched to a magmatic phase, creating a dacitic dome. The northern dome flank was affected by a gravitational collapse that produced a small-volume debris avalanche. The eruption style of the San Diego maar was controlled by the stratigraphic, structural and hydrogeological characteristics of the substrate, as well as the surficial environmental condition. In addition, the mountainous terrain around the maar crater controlled the deposit extension. These constraints provide additional information for a hazard assessment related to this type of eruption in the region.


Abstract In our previous study, α-tocopherol succinate modified chitosan (CS-TOS) was synthesized and encapsulated paclitaxel (PTX) to form micelles. Preliminary study revealed that the CS-TOS was a potential micellar carrier for PTX. In this study, some further researches were done using Taxol formulation as the control to evaluate the micelle system deeply. In vitro cell experiments demonstrated that the cytotoxic effect of PTX-loaded CS-TOS micelles against MCF-7 cells was comparable with that of Taxol formulation, and the PTX-loaded micelles had excellent cellular uptake ability, which was in a time-dependent manner. The in vivo pharmacokinetic study in rats showed that the micelles prolonged the half-life and increased AUC of PTX than Taxol formulation. From biodistribution study, it was clear that for micelles, the drug concentrations in the liver and spleen were significantly higher than those of Taxol formulation, but much lower in the heart and kidney. Furthermore, the PTX-loaded micelles showed superior antitumor effect, but yielded less toxicity as indicated by the results of antitumor efficacy study and survival study in U14 tumor-bearing mice. These results suggested that CS-TOS micelles could be a potentially useful drug delivery system to improve the performance and safety of PTX.


Call admission and routing control decisions in stochastic loss (circuit-switched) networks with semi Markovian, multi-class, call arrival and general connection time processes are formulated as optimal stochastic control problems. The resulting so-called Hybrid Dynamic Programming equation systems take the form of vectors of partial differential equations with each component associated to a distinct distribution of routed calls over the network (i.e. distinct occupation states). This framework reduces to that of a Markov Decision Process when the traffic is Poisson and the associated computational limitations are approximately those of linear programs. Examples are provided of (i) network state space constructions and controlled state transition processes, (ii) a new closed form solution for a simple network, and (iii) the analysis and illustrative numerical results for a three link network.


One hundred fourteen vibracores from the Atlantic continental shelf offshore of southeastern North Carolina were opened, described, and processed over several contract years (years 6-9) of the Minerals Management Service-Association of American State Geologists Continental Margins program. Reports for years 9 and 10 of the program compiled the results of the work and assembled the data for release as an interactive CD-ROM report, respectively. The continental shelf of Onslow and Long Bays consists predominantly of outcropping Cretaceous through late Tertiary geologic units. Nearshore these units are covered and incised by late Tertiary and Quaternary units. From oldest to youngest, formally recognized geologic units mapped as part of this study are the Late Cretaceous Peedee Formation-a muddy, fine- to medium-grained quartz sand with trace amounts of glauconite and phosphate; the Paleocene Beaufort Formation muddy, fine- to medium-grained glauconitic quartz sand with locally occurring turritelid-mold biosparrudite; the middle Eocene Castle Hayne Formation-a sandy bryozoan biomicrudite and biosparrudite; the Oligocene River Bend Formation-a sandy molluscan-mold biosparrudite; and the Miocene Pungo River Formation-a medium-grained, poorly sorted slightly shelly phosphatic sand. Informal units include a very widespread, unnamed fine- to very fine grained, well-sorted dolomitic muddy quartz sand that is biostratigraphically equivalent to the Oligocene River Bend Formation; several large valley-fill lithosomes composed of biomicrudite, biomicrite, and biosparrudite of Plio/Pleistocene age; muddy, shelly sands and silty clays of Pliocene, Pleistocene, or mixed Plio/Pleistocene age; and loose, slightly shelly, medium- to coarse-grained sands assigned a Holocene age. Heavy minerals (SG > 2.96) comprise an average of 0.54 wt% (on a bulk-sample basis) of the sediments in 306 samples derived from the 114 vibracores. Heavy-mineral content ranges from < 0.01 to 3.69 wt%. The economic heavy mineral content (EHM = ilmenite + zircon + rutile + aluminosilicates + leucoxene [altered ilmenite] + monazite) of the bulk samples averages 0.26 wt% in a range of <0.01-1.70 wt%. As a percentage of the heavy-mineral concentrate, the average EHM value is 45.78% in a range of 0.27-68.60%. The distribution of heavy minerals offshore of southeastern North Carolina is controlled by the lithostratigraphic framework. The unnamed Oligocene sand unit has the highest heavy-mineral content, averaging 0.86 wt% on a bulk-sample basis. The remaining geologic units and their heavy-mineral content (in decreasing order of abundance) are Beaufort (0.64%), Holocene sand (0.60%), Plio-Pleistocene muddy sand and silty clay (0.59%), Peedee (0.42%), River Bend (0.34%), Plio-Pleistocene carbonate (0.12%), and Castle Hayne (0.08%). The heavy-mineral assemblage is fairly consistent throughout the different units. Significantly smaller percentages of heavy minerals correlate with increased amounts of CaCO 3 in the sediment. The sediments analyzed in this study hate significantly lower overall heavy-mineral content, as well as lower EHM content than sediments that are known to host commercially important heavy-mineral deposits in the southeastern United States. The potential for economic deposits of heavy minerals in the area of this study, therefore, appears to be limited.


Sound propagation in an air‐filled, high porosity fibrous material involves the elastic response of the fiber skeleton as well as thermal and viscous effects at the fiber–fluid boundaries. A theoretical model of wave propagation in such a medium has been constructed based on the idea of an equivalent fluid, which occupies the entire space and whose properties approximate the locally averaged properties of the actual fluid. Once the elastic properties of the skeleton are known—e.g., from in vacuo experiments—the model yields phase speeds, attenuation rates, and complex characteristic impedances for both fast and slow waves in the composite medium. Typical results are presented for fiberglass blankets of the type used as thermal insulation in aircraft fuselages. [BRAIN project supported by the European Commission.]


Preeclampsia (PE) is a hypertensive disease that affects pregnant women after 20 weeks of gestation. This disease is associated with an important risk of maternal and fetal mortality. PE is described as a placental pathology because, after delivery, most women recover normal arterial pressure. Poor invasion of the spiral arteries is a phenomenon well described in PE; this leads to a hypoxic uterine bed and imbalance of antiangiogenic and proangiogenic factors in the uteroplacental region, which in turn triggers the disease phenotype. The causes of the pathology are unclear; nevertheless, numerous approaches, including next-generation sequencing, association, and case control and miRNA studies, have shed light on the genetic/molecular basis of PE. These studies help us better understand the disease to advance new treatment strategies.


On direct questioning by a Black staff nurse, 23% of 348 consecutive unselected adult outpatients attending the Johannesburg Non-European Hospital said that they regularly are earth or ash. The prevalence was higher in the women (33%) than in the men (11 %), and in 50 women with minor gynaecological complaints who were interviewed by a Black psychologist, it was 72%. The quantity eaten varied from an occasional tablespoonful to several handfuls a day. In an attempt to define the reasons for the habit a thematic apperception test was used. A strong association with pregnancy was identified, but the explanation for this was not established. Some subjects claimed that the material was eaten for medicinal purposes, while others merely liked the taste. The effect on iron nutrition appeared to be variable, depending on the ironbinding capacity of the soluble iron content of the material consumed. S. Afr. Med. J ., 48. 1655 (1974)


Since the end of apartheid, South Africa has embarked on extensive reforms aimed at promoting social cohesion, including progressive educational finance policy (e.g., the no-fee school policy) intended to redress historical inequalities. Because improving equality in and through education is vital to social cohesion, this case study examines whether the no-fee school policy has equalized—or is perceived to have equalized—school resources and educational opportunities in basic education. Using a mixed-methods approach that draws on household and school survey data and in-depth interviews, we find that the no-fee school policy has reduced the financial burden on black South Africans but that wide gaps in school resources remain. Moreover, we find that the concentration of black students in schools in the poorest areas and of white students in schools in the wealthiest areas rose between 2003 and 2013, and that some black South Africans are dissatisfied with their poor access to elite schools and the superior educational opportunities they offer. Our study argues that South Africa's current school finance policies may be better characterized as pro-poor than redistributive, and points to implications for social cohesion.


We report a case of a patent venous graft for the left anterior descending branch 25 years after surgery. In 1986 at the age of 59 years, the patient underwent coronary artery bypass grafting( CABG) to the left anterior descending(LAD)artery using a saphenous vein graft (SVG). In 2011, twenty-five years after the surgery, the patient experienced a chest pain and was hospitalized. Due to a strong chest pain and pulmonary edema, emergency coronary angiography was performed under tracheal intubation. The SVG was patent, but severe stenosis was found proximal to the middle of the graft. Although percutaneous coronary intervention with a bare-metal stent was performed, the patient died of ventricular fibrillation on the 38th postoperative day. The use of arterial grafts for CABG is currently predominant, but SVG should still be considered a reliable alternative.


Academic freedom is increasingly under assault from authoritarian governments worldwide, supported by right-wing student groups who act as provocateurs within. In India, recent assaults on academic freedom have ranged from curbs on academic and extracurricular events to brutal assaults on students. However, the concept of academic freedom is complex and needs to be placed in a wider institutional context. While academic freedom was critical to earlier visions of the Indian university, as shown by various commissions on higher education, it is now increasingly devalued in favour of administrative centralisation and standardisation. Privatisation and the increase in precarious employment also contribute to the shrinking of academic freedom.


Ongoing tax reform processes, competitive pressures and the consequences of the financial and sovereign debt crisis have considerably shaped the tax systems of the Member States of the European Union in the last two decades. Our paper combines a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the development of European tax structures based on a unique and comprehensive dataset for the EU-25 Member States between 1998 and 2015. Especially among the EU-15
Member States, we still find evidence for the often-cited trend of tax rate cut cum tax base broadening. In this context, we identify interest deduction limitation rules and loss provisions as main drivers of tax base broadening. Furthermore, the quantitative analysis of effective tax burden scenarios shows that Member States seem to additionally rely on an increased taxation of dividends to balance possible revenue losses associated with reduced corporate income tax rates.


PURPOSE
The clinical success and patency of central and peripheral venous stents in patients with symptomatic venous obstruction (SVO) were assessed.

METHODS
The records of patients with SVO treated with venous stents from 1992 to 1999 were reviewed. Demographic and procedural variables were analyzed to determine their effect on clinical success, primary patency, and secondary patency. Patency was determined by means of a follow-up duplex scan or venogram.

RESULTS
Forty central venous (CV) and 14 peripheral venous (PV) obstructions were treated in 49 patients. Sixty-five stents were placed (50 CV and 15 PV), 54 in previously unstented lesions and 11 in previously stented lesions. Causes of CV lesions included catheter placement (82%), tumor compression (6%), arteriovenous fistula (AVF) and no prior catheter (2%), and other (10%). All PV lesions resulted from complications of dialysis. Indications for CV stents included limb edema (46%), AVF malfunction (30%), both limb edema and AVF malfunction (14%), and other (10%). PV stent indications were AVF malfunction (86%) and limb edema (14%). Thirteen CV stents indicated to treat tumor compression (three cases), May-Thurner syndrome (one case), deep venous thrombosis (three cases), superior vena cava syndrome (one case), and lower-extremity catheter-related lesions (five cases) were excluded from the analysis of clinical outcome. Fifty-two stents (37 CV and 15 PV) were included in the analysis of clinical outcome. All CV lesions included in the analysis were complications of prolonged catheterization. Eighty-nine percent of patients had end-stage renal disease and an AVF. Complications developed in 26% of patients with PV stents and in no patients with CV stents (P <.002). The mean follow-up period was 16 months. Sixty-two percent of patients required a reintervention for recurrent SVO. Only 32% of the interventions resulted in sustained symptomatic improvement. For CV stents, the primary patency rate was 85%, 27%, and 9% at 3, 12, and 24 months, respectively; the secondary patency rate was 91%, 71%, and 39% at 3, 12, and 24 months, respectively; and the clinical success rate was 94%, 94%, and 79%, at 3, 12, and 24 months, respectively. For PV stents, the primary patency rate was 73%, 17% and 17% at 3, 12, and 24 months, respectively; the secondary patency rate was 80%, 56%, and 35% at 3, 12, and 24 months, respectively; and the clinical success rate was 92%, 75%, and 42% at 3, 12 and 24 months, respectively.

CONCLUSION
Stents provide a temporary benefit in most patients with central or peripheral upper-extremity SVO. Regular follow-up and reinterventions are required to maintain patency and achieve long-term clinical success. Stents used for CV lesions have higher clinical success rates than stents used for PV lesions. Patients with a reasonable life expectancy or who are unable to return for subsequent procedures should be considered for undergoing alternative therapy.


This article posits that lack of discussion is a principal reason why the parameters of the forum selection clause remain ill-defined, and that the struggle to construct a standard for enforcement has proven difficult. Part I briefly explains the two contexts in which a forum selection clause can arise. Parts II - VI examine the Court's consideration of a standard for enforcement using the Supreme Court's three pronouncements on the topic in the Bremen v. Zapata Off-shore Co., Stewart v. Ricoh Corp., and Carnival Cruise Lines v. Shute decisions. Part VII discusses the narrow conceptual view reflected in the approach of Stewart; the forum selection clause should be treated as just one factor in determining where venue should lie. Part VII also briefly discusses the calls for legislative reform, by arguing that the preferred mechanism for reform is to recognize the standard for enforcement of Stewart. Moreover, if legislative reform is necessary, adhering to the principle that less is more, this article proposes legislative reform in terms of a minor revision to 28 U.S.C. § 1391, the federal venue statute and to 28 U.S.C. § 1404(a), the transfer of venue statute.


In recent years, as part of its neoliberal development paradigm, the Government of the Philippines has engaged in efforts to encourage extraction of the nation's mineral resources. The Philippines is also a country where decentralization has devolved substantial powers to local governments. Concern over potentially adverse environmental effects has led to opposition to mining by some local governments in the Philippines. This opposition has led to the withholding of consent to mining projects by local governments and, in some cases, the implementation of moratoriums banning mining. Central to this opposition have been the activities of civil society groups, and their collaboration with local governments. This collaboration has involved the drafting of legislation prohibiting mining and support of candidates for office who are opposed to mining. Collectively, Filipino local governments and civil society groups are examples of the concept of governance, a dispersed process wherein society manages itself for the betterment of all its members. For mining companies seeking to implement projects, it is no longer sufficient to have the consent of the national Government — that of local governance forces must also be considered.


Restless leg syndrome, is a neurological disorder. RLS is also known as Willis Ekbom disease. RLS causes painful sensations in the legs, along with a powerful urge to move them. For most people, that urge is more intense when you'r e relaxed or trying to sleep. The most serious concern for people with RLS is that it interferes with sleep, causing daytime sleepiness and fatigue. RLS and sleep deprivation can put you at risk for other health problems, including depression if not treate d. It can occur at any age, though it's usually more severe in middle age or later. Women are twice as likely as men to have RLS. At least 80 percent of people with RLS have a related condition called periodic limb movement of sleep (PLMS). PLMS causes the legs to twitch or jerk during sleep. It can happen as often as every 15 to 40 seconds and can continue all night long. PLMS can also lead to sleep deprivation.


The reading practices of women, mediated by a prison library in Portugal, constituted an interesting case study. In Santa Cruz do Bispo prison, female prisoners were increasingly aged and excluded from social groups, less literate, and educated. Many were first-time library users and some were beginning readers.
This research aimed to understand their reading practices and preferences, their self-assigned meanings, and the roles of reading in prison. Having become aware that industrial literature romance novels were the most requested items, a critical comparative analysis of the three most requested titles was contrasted with readers' favorite passages to foster a deeper understanding of their preferences and sustain an integrated analysis. Furthermore, a consensualized definition of a "good read" is presented. The results from ethnography and interviews to readers and staff are analyzed taking into account class, gender, ethnicity,
age, occupation, and education of the detainees.
Conclusions address the fact that although the prison's educational service and imprisonment conditions
propitiated an increase in reading generally, the library was oriented by educational targets and irresponsive to certain demands expressed by readers. Secondly, women readers were using the available top-selling romance novels to sustain their introspective and prospective work, while reckoning with their past and planning for their future. In addition to this reflexive stance, escapist entertainment and knowledge building were important reading purposes.


In recent years, interest in digital watermarking has grown significantly. Indeed, the use of digital watermarking techniques is seen as a promising mean to protect intellectual property rights of digital data and to ensure the authentication of digital data. Thus, a significant research effort has been devoted to the study of practical watermarking systems, in particular for digital images. In this thesis, a practical and principled approach to the problem is adopted. Several aspects of practical watermarking schemes are investigated. First, a power constaint formulation of the problem is presented. Then, a new analysis of quantisation effects on the information rate of digital watermarking scheme is proposed and compared to other approaches suggested in the literature. Subsequently, a new information embedding technique, based on quantisation, is put forward and its performance evaluated. Finally, the influence of image data representation on the performance of practical scheme is studied along with a new representation based on independent component analysis.


A central tenet of international economics is that trade liberalization provides welfare gains. This paper contributes to the literature on gains from trade by estimating how trade agreements impact the consumer price index, and by quantifying the sources of their impact on welfare. We infer quality of imported products by estimating demand-side elasticities for the European Union (EU) between 1993 and 2013. Having inferred quality, we estimate the contribution of lower prices, better quality and greater variety to welfare gains from trade agreements. Joining a trade agreement increases welfare through access to higher quality imports. Quality rises by 7% on average, which translates into a cumulative reduction in the consumer price index of 0.18% during the period. Ignoring the quality channel under-estimates the gains from trade agreements because unit values were not significantly impacted by the new agreements.


Recent progress on the structure and dynamics of bulges is reviewed. Those aspects that link galaxy bulges either to oblate spheroids akin to elliptical galaxies or to rapidly-rotating, flattened systems more nearly resembling the products of disk internal transformations, are highlighted. The analysis of surface brightness profiles derived from HST data is reviewed to show that unresolved nuclear components detected by HST have biased the determination of surface brightness profiles obtained from the ground; r 1/4 profiles are virtually nonexistent in galaxy bulges. Predictions from accretion N -body models on the shape of surface brightness profiles are discussed. The position of bulges on the Fundamental Plane (FP) of elliptical galaxies is examined to infer clues on bulge population ages and bulge dynamical structure. Kinematic diagnostics on the internal dynamics of bulges are examined. Finally, a new approach to the kinematic analysis of galaxies, based on the use of synthetic spectra of single stellar population models instead of the standard stellar templates, is presented.


The design of a system with many locations, each with many items which may fail while in use, is considered. When items fail, they require repair; the particular type of repair being governed by a probability distribution. As repairs may be lengthy, spares are kept on hand to replace failed items. System ineffectiveness is measured by expected weighted shortages over all items and locations, in steady state. This can be reduced by either having more spares or shorter expected repair times. Design consists of a provisioning of the number of spares for each item, by location; and specifying the expected repair times for each type of repair, by item and location. The optimal design minimizes expected shortages within a budget constraint, which covers both (i) procurement of spares and (ii) procurement of equipment and manning levels for the repair facilities. All costs are assumed to be separable so that a Lagrangian approach is fruitful, yielding an implementable algorithm with outputs useful for sensitivity analysis. A numerical example is presented.


Abstract Knowledge of the healing properties of some groundwater sources has been passed down through the generations. A complex array of hydrogeological environments yields a rich and diverse range of chemical compositions, and cures for a variety of ailments were available from some spring waters. Many were sourced with associated religious overtones. It is likely that exposure to clean cold water alleviates the symptoms of leprosy and probable also that it relieves rheumatic pain. However, the only demonstrable medicinal properties of groundwater are its purging effects wherever MgSO4 or Epsom salts prevailed. Clean and potable groundwater is certainly a key to human health and some of the minerals dissolved within it are essential to the human body, although many of these minerals become toxic if present in excess. The modern fashion for bottled groundwater, often perceived to be associated with health-giving and medicinal properties, for the most part, merely offer a safe form of drinking water.


Objectives: We investigated risk factors associated with unilateral iatrogenic vocal fold paralysis (IVFP) in the context of ligation of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and compared the rates of paralysis between vascular clip and suture ligation procedures. Methods: We performed a prospective examination of infants with isolated PDA treated surgically during 1995 to 2005. Statistical significance was determined with a 2-tailed t-test. Results: Of 68 PDA ligations, 13 cases of left-sided IVFP were diagnosed, for an overall incidence of 19%. All cases of IVFP occurred in 55 infants who weighed less than 1 kg at birth. Suture ligature was used in 60% of all PDA ligation patients, and vascular clips in 40%. The incidence of IVFP in patients with vascular clips (19%) was similar to the incidence in those with suture ligature (20%). Hoarseness or stridor was present in 69% of patients with IVFP, compared to 17% of normal controls (p < 0.001). The rate of aspiration was not increased in the IVFP group; however, 15% of the patients with IVFP had episodes of decreased oxygen saturation, versus 7% of infants with normal vocal fold mobility. Conclusions: A hoarse infant with a birth weight of less than 1 kg who has undergone PDA ligation should be examined for unilateral IVFP. Vascular clips and suture ligature are associated with similar rates of IVFP.


Aquatic weed biomass was amended to field plots of a Freehold sandy loam (Typic Hapludults) either as a mulch or incorporated into the surface soil with the objective of determining the potential for using soil as a repository for excess weed biomass and for using this biomass to augment soil organic matter levels and associated biological processes. Potential and actual dehydrogenase activities, soil organic C, total Kjeldahl N, and the C/N ratio of the soil were measured. Tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were grown in the plots. Amendment of the soil with aquatic weeds annually for up to 3 yr resulted in two- to threefold increases in actual and potential dehydrogenase and total Kjeldahl N. No consistent effect of inclusion of nitrogenous fertilizer with the aquatic weed amendments was detected. Analysis of the data with multiple linear regression techniques indicated that total Kjeldahl N and soil moisture were major controllers of both potential and actual dehydrogenase activities. This study suggests that aquatic weeds, whether added as a mulch or incorporated into the surface of the soil profile, have little effect on soil C, at least in the short run, but have a positive impact on the ecosystem through augmentation of the soil organic N pools and increased microbial activity. New Jersey Agric. Exp. Stn. pub. D-15288-1-86.


How does the use of social media platforms like Twitter impact the network role of an emergency management agency (EMA) like the Berlin police and its relationships with other network roles in an extreme event such as the 1 st of May Labour Day? How do properties of the social media communication network determine EMA and other network role relations and the overall network configuration? We argue that trust (-worthiness) is a central non-relational attribute of an EMA role which is based on perceptions of EMA integrity and which influences role relationships within the social network. As EMAs are also responsible for taking action to protect the community in times of such an extreme event, we also argue that "swift trust" is built within EMA roles. EMA roles are also reinforced by the non-relational role attribute of communication quality that reflects message authenticity, in this case "transparent and understandable" communications that are expected of an EMA.


There are many risks and benefits of giving birth at a birthing center versus a hospital. Determining the location of birth is an important decision, as women in the world today have many options of where to have their child. Hospitals and birthing centers are two places where medical professionals provide prenatal, labor and delivery, and post-partum care for the mother and fetus during this memorable time. While hospital nurses and physicians provide advanced medical care, birthing centers focus on holistic care of the family unit emphasizing mental, spiritual, and physical health. Doctors often perform cesarean sections (C-sections) for nonmedical reasons, causing an increase in preterm births and health complications in both mother and baby. The rate of C-sections in the United States has increased astronomically since 1996 from a rate of 21% to 32.7% of births. Birthing centers have a decreased rate of C-sections in relation to hospital births and therefore have fewer health complications. This differences between hospitalized deliveries and birthing center deliveries are evident in relation to maternal and fetal health, and global, economical, and political implications. Overall, birthing centers provide healthcare to low risk pregnant women achieving better health outcomes than a hospital. 2 CrissCross, Vol. 4 [2016], Iss. 1, Art. 4 https://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/crisscross/vol4/iss1/4


We demonstrate InGaAsP-InP nanoscale waveguide-coupled microring lasers fabricated with inductively coupled plasma (ICP) using Cl/sub 2/--N/sub 2/-based gas mixtures. To fabricate optical waveguides, the requirement of anisotropic profiles and sidewall smoothness is stringent. In particular, for strongly lateral confined nanoscale waveguides used for microring resonators, the degree of anisotropy and sidewall smoothness is critical in determining the device performance. For optoelectronic devices such as microcylinder and microring lasers, the requirement of low active-layer damage further adds to the stringency. We show that the excellent etching property of high-density plasma using Cl/sub 2/--N/sub 2/-based gas mixtures satisfies the requirements. The good etching results are demonstrated by using the etching method to realize room-temperature operations of the InGaAsP-InP waveguide-coupled microring lasers. For the waveguide-coupled microring lasers with a diameter of 10 /spl mu/m, we obtained submilliampere threshold current.


We present findings from the Measurements of Urban, Marine and Biogenic Air (MUMBA) campaign, which took place in the coastal city of Wollongong in New South Wales, Australia. We focus on a few key air quality indicators, along with a comparison to regional scale chemical transport model predictions at a spatial resolution of 1 km by 1 km. We find that the CSIRO chemical transport model provides accurate simulations of ozone concentrations at most times, but underestimates the ozone enhancements that occur during extreme temperature events. The model also meets previously published performance standards for fine particulate matter less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5), and the larger aerosol fraction (PM10). We explore the observed composition of the atmosphere within this urban air-shed during the MUMBA campaign and discuss the different influences on air quality in the city. Our findings suggest that further improvements to our ability to simulate air quality in this coastal city can be made through more accurate anthropogenic and biogenic emissions inventories and better understanding of the impact of extreme temperatures on air quality. The challenges in modelling air quality within the urban air-shed of Wollongong, including difficulties in accurate simulation of the local meteorology, are likely to be replicated in many other coastal cities in the Southern Hemisphere.


Owing to strong influence on economic and social issues, environmental impact attributed by SMEs activities is significant, not only for their magnitude but also in diversity. However SMEs are often unaware of their environmental impact and lack the resources to implement environmental initiatives and since their environmental footprints are small and localized they easily go unnoticed. Nevertheless the cumulative environmental impacts of countless SMEs constitute major environmental challenges to both regulators and stakeholders. Environmental issues is now considered strategic and there has been debate all over the world concerning environmental issues (Green procurement).Many SMEs are reluctant to adopt green procurement strategies until they find financial benefit for themselves. Thus the general objective of the study was to determine if green procurement strategies had an effect on SMEs financial performance. The specific objectives were to determine the extent to which recycling of waste, use of non pollutants, waste management and use of energy saving products determined SMEs financial performance in Eldoret town, Kenya. The study area was Eldoret town, Kenya and the research design adopted was explanatory research design (bivariate analysis) because it compares two variables, the dependent variable being financial performance and independent variable is green procurement strategy. The research used stratified and simple random sampling and Hotels, restaurants, bars and supermarkets were the study units. There are more than 8175 SMEs in Eldoret town and the researcher used stratified sampling and targeted 80 respondents in supermarkets and 197 respondents in hotels/restaurant/bars. Data collection instruments used was five point likert scale questionnaire and structured interview. Data analysis used was descriptive statistics, explanatory factor analysis, Pearson Moment correlation and regression model analysis. Data was presented using tables, figures and in prose form. The study showed that there is a relationship between green procurement strategies adopted by SMEs on their financial performance and it found that most SME's in Eldoret have an understanding of what green products are, recycling of wastes, what pollution is and what needs to be done to curb pollution and lastly about waste management and the need to use energy saving products to reduce on the cost of energy. From multiple regression tests the study findings; r=0.509 and r 2 =0.740, which shows that 74% of the growth of financial performance can be explained by the adoption of green


New advances in geomatics and communications technologies are enabling the development of Automated Auscultation System for structure monitoring. In particular, Differential GPS (DGPS) technique allows real-time monitoring of structures with millimetre accuracy after an appropriate mathematical treatment. The results of real-time DGPS monitoring of a pilot dam over 15 months are presented and compared with the results of pendulums and angular collimation. DGPS monitoring was established to control two points at the top of the dam with reference to an external and stable station. Communications were critical, evolving from initial GPRS connections to more reliable ASDL line in the last months. Real-time DGPS positions were filtered to reach millimetric accuracy through Kalman filter. Two configurations of the filter were tested, one more adapted to predictable and uniform velocity deformations (low frequency) and another more suitable for sudden and large movements (high frequency). Root mean square errors were calculated taking pendulums as a reference. Results show that both DGPS and angular collimation allow monitoring with millimetric accuracy. In the last period, where communications with processing server were stable, a global accuracy of 1.44 and 1.86 mm was reached for real-time DGPS monitoring. RINEX post-processing yielded millimetric results, validating real-time observations. We can affirm that the DGPS system is very useful for dam auscultation and safety as it detects adequately absolute deformations, being a complement to existing methods which should be considered in new safety plans.


In mountain rivers, bed forms, large relatively immobile grains, and bed texture and topographic variability can significantly alter local and reach‐averaged flow characteristics. The low relative submergence of large immobile grains causes highly three‐dimensional flow fields that may not be represented by traditional shear stress, flow velocity, and turbulence intensity equations. To explore the influence of large protruding grains and bed forms on flow properties, we conducted a set of experiments in which we varied the relative submergence while holding the sediment transport capacity and upstream sediment supply constant. Flow and bed measurements were conducted at the beginning and end of each experiment to account for the absence or presence of bed forms, respectively. Detailed information on the flow was obtained by combining our measurements with a 3‐D numerical model. Commonly used velocity profile equations only performed well at the reach scale when shallow flow effects and the roughness length of the relatively mobile sediment were considered. However, at the local scale large deviations from these profiles were observed and simple methods to estimate the spatial distribution of near‐bed shear stresses are likely to be inaccurate. Zones of high turbulent kinetic energy occurred near the water surface and were largely controlled by the immobile grains and plunging flow. The reach‐averaged shear stress did not correlate to depth or slope, as commonly assumed, but instead was controlled by the relative boulder submergence and degree of plunging flow. For accurate flow predictions in mountain rivers, the effects of bed forms and large boulders must be considered.


We report a two-chambered, differentially pumped system that permits rapid collection of trapped atoms with a vapor cell magneto-optical trap (MOT) and efficient transfer of these atoms to a second MOT in a lowerpressure chamber. During the transfer the atoms are guided down a long, thin tube by a magnetic potential, with 90(15%) transfer efficiency. By multiply loading, we accumulate and hold as many as 30 times the number collected by the vapor cell MOT. By thus separating the collection and holding functions of a MOT, we can collect as many as 1.5(0.6) x 10(10) rubidium atoms and hold them for longer than 100 s, using inexpensive low-power diode lasers.


Differential count of leukocytes plays a consequential role in the determination of diagnostic details of a patient. Conventionally, leukocyte identification is performed manually by skilled medical personnel. But the involvement of humans slows down the task and also affects the process outcome. Designing a computer-aided system to automate this task can reduce the load on the medical personnel and help in attaining precise results in minimal time. This research presents an image-processing technique to segment the Leukocyte Nucleus from the blood smear image and categorize them into their constituent classes based on the features drawn from the segmented region. Mathematical Operations are performed on the color channels of RGB and LAB color spaces to obtain Nucleus-enhanced grayscale Image. Leukocyte Nucleus is segmented using Fuzzy C-Means Clustering. Geometrical, Color and Texture features are extracted from the segmented nucleus. Feed-Forward Neural Network and Support Vector Machine classifiers are employed to classify the leukocytes into its constituent classes. The proposed segmentation technique rendered better segmentation performance compared to the methods reviewed in the literature with an overall segmentation accuracy of 88.1%. The Feed Forward Neural Network classifier yielded an accuracy of 92.8% for Leukocyte classification.


My objective in this research was to find a usable definition for dandyism and to understand why the performance has been culturally important and adopted in different eras. I looked to performance theory and to real -life performances of dandyism by Beau Brummell, George Walker, and the zoot suiters, as well as to the literary productions and historical research of dandyism by such writers as Ellen Moers, Ian Kelly, and Barbara Webb. I was able to locate, within the life performances of these three historical subjects, three aspects of the dandy's performance that are the most salient and translatable : the dandy shocks his community with a performance of superiority, delimiting his otherwise marginal status in that community; he alienates that society by putting himself on a pedestal of self; and he entertains, maintaining a seamless mask of truth and fiction that pleases his alienated society while he, always the stoic, appears not to notice. Performance takes place and is passed on in the liminal space, or the topsy-turvy space in the margins of society, which often results from social and political ruptures. The dandyism that is born here is always revolutionary, pushing back against oppression and creating a new space of performance that opens doors to the possibility of future dandies. This holds true for the performance of the three dandyisms explored in the dissertation: Beau Brummell, George Walker, and the zoot suiters' cultural moments suffered epistemic ruptures from which the dandy performance was spawned: late eighteenth- century England was shifting as the aristocracy fell, late nineteenth-century America shifted with the rise of a newly freed black population, and the mid-twentieth century saw great changes in the United States with the Second World War and the influx of migrant workers to the cities. I found that all of my subjects were indeed performing against erasure in their societies, whether the oppression was set upon their class, race, or, in the case of the zoot suiters, age, family hierarchy, and ethnicity


OBJECTIVES To evaluate the gender differences in the needs of the people with schizophrenia who live in the community. METHOD We randomly selected 231 patients with schizophrenia who were receiving treatment in one of the five mental health care centres that participated in the study. Patients were evaluated with a socio-demographic questionnaire, the Positive and Negative Syndromes Scale (PANSS) and Camberwell Assessment of Need (CAN) questionnaire. The CAN evaluate 22 needs, that we could be grouped into five subscales: service needs, basic needs, functioning need, health needs and social needs. All needs were evaluated by the professional and the user independently. RESULTS Professionals detected more needs in men than in women, but users did not report such difference. Both professionals and users detected more service needs for women (p< 0.005) and more basic needs for men (p< 0,01-0.005). Only professionals detected more functioning needs in men (p< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Professionals detect more needs than users and detect more needs for men than for women. Women have less needs in food, personal care, home care, and daily activities. These gender differences should be taken into account when designing treatment programs for schizophrenia.


The increase of renewable energy sources (RES) typically operating as converter-interfaced generation (CIG) is progressively causing a significant change of power systems operation paradigm. The reduction of the overall available kinetic energy and the consequent impact on the dynamic response of the system is a relevant issue currently under investigation in academic and industrial scopes. The work analyzes the impact of different CIG penetration in the three areas of the 500 kV Vietnamese power system, North, Center and South. The system is modified substituting conventional synchronous generation with converter-interfaced generation. The models of power converters and corresponding controls follow typical representation for stability studies, they are modeled as controlled current sources with active and reactive power loops, and they are implemented as user-written equations components within the overall mathematical model of the system. The dynamic response of the system is then analyzed with extensive dynamic simulations.


The high-lying triply excited 3p3p3p 2Po state of the double hollow lithium atom is studied by using the saddle-point complex-rotation method. The energy and Auger widths of this resonance are calculated. The relativistic corrections and mass polarization are included. The total Auger width is obtained by coupling the important open channels and summing over the other channels. The oscillator strength is also calculated. The results are compared with other theoretical and experimental data in the literature.


The present thesis considers two different subjects in the research area of electromagnetics. The first part is concerned with antenna design and the second with radar absorbers and rasorber.In the first part, a novel excitation technique for cylindrical dielectric resonator antennas is introduced to produce circular polarization. The exciter is a tape helix that is wound around the dielectric resonator and is fed by a coaxial probe. The helix excites the HE11σ modes in phase quadrature in the cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna. The height of the helix is determined using the Hansen-Woodyard condition for an end-fire array based on the phase velocity of the surface wave traveling along the dielectric resonator side wall. This phase velocity is estimated from the phase velocity in an infinitely long dielectric rod with the same permittivity and radius as the dielectric resonator antenna. The helical exciter is required to operate in the helix axial mode. The height of the helix is usually taller than the height of the dielectric resonator core. Using this type of excitation, a 3 dB axial-ratio bandwidth of 6.4% was achieved for a sample design with dielectric constant er ~ 11. The achieved 3 dB axial-ratio bandwidth is greater than that typical of other reported single feed cylindrical dielectric resonator antennas. A prototype of the sample design is fabricated and measured and a good agreement between simulation and measurement is observed. Furthermore, two approaches for the enhancement of the 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth are proposed: removing the central portion of the cylindrical dielectric resonator and using stacked cylinders. The advantages and limitations of each approach are discussed. Another perspective on the proposed design is to consider the antenna as a helix with a dielectric resonator core. In this perspective, the effects of the dielectric core on the helix antenna are discussed.The second part of the thesis is concerned with the design of thin wideband electromagnetic planar absorber for X- and KKu-band which also has a polarization sensitive transparent window at frequencies lower than L-band. The design is based on a two layer capacitive circuit absorber with the backmetal layer replaced with a polarization sensitive frequency selective surface. The structure is studied for normally incident waves with two orthogonal linear polarizations. The structure is optimized to have high transparency at low frequencies for one of the polarizations and at the same time good absorption efficiency for both polarizations at the high-frequency band. For one of the polarizations a -1.9 dB transmission with a transmission loss of less than 10% at 1 GHz as well as a 2.25:1 (75%) bandwidth of -20 dB reflection reduction are achieved. For the other polarization we obtained more than 3:1 (100%) bandwidth of -19 dB absorption. Compared with our earlier design based on a Jaumann absorber, we succeed in significantly reducing the transmission loss at the transparent window. Furthermore, the module of absorption quality is extensively improved. The improvements are based on using periodic arrangements of resistive patches in the structure design. The investigation of the structure for oblique angles of incidence and non-ideal materials is also accomplished.


. The cracks caused by desiccation induce rapid failures as rapid shallow landslides in stiff and fragile clayey soils. Several environmental structures such as landfill liners and road embankments are often constructed by compaction of a series of soil layers. These works suffered in many cases of disorders due to desiccation. One of the potential valuable techniques to reduce these disorders is the short fibers reinforcement. Fibers reduce the cracks propagation and the geometric cracks characteristics such as the length, depth and opening. The paper presents an experimental characterization of the crack pattern observed in compacted samples at optimum water content (OMC) with and without fibers reinforcement. 2D Image Analysis has been used to investigate the characteristics of the geometric cracks. Alfa natural short fibers used to assure the reinforcement, reduced the carks' propagation by stopping the propagation and reducing their 3D opening (surface opening and depth growth). The role of fibers to improve the tensile strength and reduce the growth of the crack has been well-highlighted. At this stage, a simple model was calibrated to predict the tensile strength for reinforced soil specimens with short fibers considering various fibers contents and fiber's geometrical characteristics.


There are available several methods, which can be used for crystal structure determination (X-ray structure analysis, neutron structure analysis and others). The most common one is single-crystal X-ray diffraction. This method is often inapplicable because it is impossible to prepare single crystal of appropriate size or quality. In these situations we are forced to solve structure from powder diffraction data. However structure determination from powder diffraction data brings a lot of problems (loss of information, peak overlapping, preferred orientation, phase in-purity etc.). In spite of all these problems it is possible to use this method for structure solving. This work aims to highlight all problems presented in structure determination process from powder diffraction data. We describe all steps of the powder-structure determination procedure and we highlights the non-standard experimental and data processing methods used for this task (synchrotron radiation usage, multi PC data processing, utilizing of information obtained form non-diffraction sources ?).The results of structure determinations from powder data are demonstrated on several selected examples from recent time.


Figure 1: Eight Year Old Female Child with Progressive Dyspnoea for Last Couple of Days. On Echocardiography there is Pulmonary Trunk Prominence. Patient was sent for Ct Angiography which Revealed Persistant Left Superior Vena Cava with Horizontal Inter Communication with Right Side Superior Vena Cava. Axial CECT Image Reveal Two Superior Vena Cava (Marked Red Arrow) and the Intercommunicating Vein (Marked Black Arrow).
Figure 2: 3D Ct Angiographic Image Reveal Double Superior Vena Cava (Marked Horizontal Arrow) with the Venous Inter Communication (Marked Vertical Arrow).
*Corresponding author: Suvendu Mohapatra, Senior resident,Department of
Radiology, S.C.B Medical College & Hospital, Cuttack, Odisha, India, Tel: +09861412800; Fax: +916742390674; E-Mail: email@example.com


Abstract. The salt mining industrial exploitation located in Vauvert (France) has been injecting water at high pressure into wells to dissolve salt layers at depth.
The extracted brine has been used in the chemical industry for more than 30 years, inducing a subsidence of the surface.
Yearly leveling surveys have monitored the deformation since 1996.
This dataset is supplemented by synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images, and since 2015, global navigation satellite system (GNSS) data have also continuously measured the deformation.
New wells are regularly drilled to carry on with the exploitation of the salt layer, maintaining the subsidence.
We make use of this careful monitoring by inverting the geodetic data to constrain a model of deformation.
As InSAR and leveling are characterized by different strengths (spatial and temporal coverage for InSAR, accuracy for leveling) and weaknesses (various biases for InSAR, notably atmospheric, very limited spatial and temporal coverage for leveling), we choose to combine SAR images with leveling data, to produce a 3-D velocity field of the deformation.
To do so, we develop a two-step methodology which consists first of estimating the 3-D velocity from images in ascending and descending acquisition of Sentinel 1 between 2015 and 2017 and second of applying a weighted regression kriging to improve the vertical component of the velocity in the areas where leveling data are available.
GNSS data are used to control the resulting velocity field.
We design four analytical models of increasing complexity.
We invert the combined geodetic dataset to estimate the parameters of each model.
The optimal model is made of 21 planes of dislocation with fixed position and geometry.
The results of the inversion highlight two behaviors of the salt layer: a major collapse of the salt layer beneath the extracting wells and a salt flow from the deepest and most external zones towards the center of the exploitation.


The wide implantation of strategies of sifted or prenatal selection close to laws
that protect the destruction of the human life before the childbirth in the whole
world, they are giving place to an increasing number of eugenic abortions. In Spain,
the law 2/2010 of the sexual and reproductive health and voluntary interruption of
pregnancy there has supposed the liberalization of the eugenic abortion without
term limit. In we make concrete, the sanitary national and international policies of
prenatal selection of Down�s Syndrome, which they chase to facilitate the total or
partial destruction before the childbirth of this human group, submitting it to a few
particular conditions of existence during his prenatal life in those who will be an object
of a series of technologies of selection, they might be qualified of genocidal policies if
we consider the definition of genocide given by United Nations. In consequence, the
sanitary agent who takes part without objection in the above mentioned programs
promoted by the principal agents, meets turned into a necessary cooperator of the
abortion who justifies itself in the supposition of « foetal risk «. We can conclude that
we are present at an eugenic drift of the prenatal diagnosis that is opposite to the
ethical beginning of the medical profession.


A manganese(II) complex of 2,2'-bipyridine (bipy) was synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction, IR, and UV-vis spectroscopy. The activity of the complex was tested for oxidation of benzyl alcohols using t -BuOOH as an oxidant in organic solvents and in an organic/water biphasic system (hexane/H2O, toluene/H2O). The effect of solvent, temperature, oxidant, and some additives (KBr, N(C 4H9)Br, and N-bromosuccinimide) on the oxidation of benzyl alcohol is reported. The results show that benzyl alcohol was selectively converted to benzaldehyde in 71.9% yield within 4 h in acetonitrile. Control experiments performed without catalyst and the corresponding metal salt as catalyst produced no benzaldehyde in the reaction mixture. Mild reaction conditions, high yields of the products, short reaction time, no further oxidation to the corresponding carboxylic acids, high selectivity, and inexpensive reagents make this catalytic system a useful oxidation method for benzyl alcohol.


The metallurgical observations of microstructure characteristics of the adiabatic shear bands(ASB) within the primary shear zones of the serrated chips produced during high speed machining high strength steel have been performed by using optical microscope, SEM and TEM. The observations showed that the microstructure between the matrix and the center of the ASB gradually was changed, the fine equiaxed grains appeared with size of about 0.4~0.6μm in the center of the adiabatic shear band. The serrated chip formation was likely due to material softening that occurred in the primary shear zones. The microstructural development of dynamic recovery and rotational dynamic recrystallization is the dominant metallurgical process leading to material softening in primary shear zone during high speed machining. A model of microstructural development in primary shear zone during serrated chip formation in high speed machining was suggested by analyzing material softening mechanism.


We present a novel, incompressible fluid simulation method based on the Lagrangian Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) model. In our method, incompressibility is enforced by using a prediction-correction scheme to determine the particle pressures. For this, the information about density fluctuations is actively propagated through the fluid and pressure values are updated until the targeted density is satisfied. With this approach, we avoid the computational expenses of solving a pressure Poisson equation, while still being able to use large time steps in the simulation. The achieved results show that our predictive-corrective incompressible SPH (PCISPH) method clearly outperforms the commonly used weakly compressible SPH (WCSPH) model by more than an order of magnitude while the computations are in good agreement with the WCSPH results.


Anaerobic methane oxidation exerts a key control on greenhouse gas emissions 1, yet factors that modulate the activity of microorganisms performing this function remain little explored. In studying groundwater, sediments, and wetland soil where methane production and oxidation occur, we discovered extraordinarily large, diverse DNA sequences that primarily encode hypothetical proteins. Four curated, complete genomes are linear, up to ~1 Mbp in length and share genome organization, including replicore structure, long inverted terminal repeats, and genome-wide unique perfect tandem direct repeats that are intergenic or generate amino acid repeats. We infer that these are a new type of archaeal extrachromosomal element with a distinct evolutionary origin. Gene sequence similarity, phylogeny, and local divergence of sequence composition indicate that many of their genes were assimilated from methane-oxidizing Methanoperedens archaea. We refer to these elements as "Borgs". We identified at least 19 different Borg types coexisting with Methanoperedens in four distinct ecosystems. Borg genes expand redox and respiratory capacity (e.g., clusters of multiheme cytochromes), ability to respond to changing environmental conditions, and likely augment Methanoperedens capacity for methane oxidation (e.g., methyl coenzyme M reductase). By this process, Borgs could play a previously unrecognized role in controlling greenhouse gas emissions.


Uranium-lead (U-Pb) geochronology of individual shocked zircon grains has unique potential for dating bolide impact events. Neoblasts in granular-textured zircon have been recognized as the shock-related feature most effective at recording the impact age. Here we report the discovery of large neoblasts (5-100 mu m in dimension) in shocked zircon at the Sudbury impact structure, Canada-the first report of in situ coarsely granular zircon from a terrestrial impact site other than the Vredefort structure, South Africa. The neoblast-bearing sample was taken from a heterogeneous, lithic clast-rich igneous unit associated with the roof rocks of the impact melt sheet, making this the first time a crater has been dated using neoblastic zircon from the upper part of its stratigraphy. Previous in situ discoveries of coarsely granular zircon at Vredefort were all in impact-generated mafic melt emplaced beneath the impact melt sheet. Electron backscatter diffraction analysis of the impact-aged neoblasts indicates that the high-pressure conditions inferred in the formation of many small neoblasts were not necessarily involved in the formation of these large ones. Their large size, internal zonation, and occurrence in a slowly cooling environment collectively suggest that large neoblasts at Sudbury formed by relatively protracted, post-impact growth in shocked zircon incorporated into impact-related melt. Based on insight from large neoblast growth in terrestrial settings, we suggest that the ca. 4.33 Ga neoblasts recently reported in lunar zircon may imply a major basin-forming event on the Moon at that time. New knowledge of the cratering environments in which large neoblasts form also raises the prospect of possibly linking ex situ granular zircon in lunar breccias with specific impact structures-and thus better calibrating the lunar cratering record with radiometric ages.


Flashbulb memory (FBM) has been defined as a vivid and detailed memory for the circumstances under which one first learned of a consequential and emotionally involving event. The present study aimed to assess a FBM for expected events, i.e., the death of Pope John Paul II, across four different religious groups (i.e., Catholic, Orthodox, No Religion, and Other Religion). Furthermore, the study addressed to test the extent to which the FBM features and the emotional and social FBM determinants vary as a function of the importance given to the event within each religious group. Results showed that all participants, regardless of their religious affiliation, exhibited a consistent memory of the details related to the reception context of the expected news. Additionally, the results emphasized the effect of the religious affiliation on the FBM features, and on the variables traditionally associated with FBM. Compared to the other religious groups, Catholic participants exhibited the highest FBM Consistency for the Pope's death, and they were the most emotionally and socially involved in the event. Implications for the FBM debate are discussed.


In the past three decades, many theoretical measures of complexity have been proposed to help understand complex systems. In this work, for the first time, we place these measures on a level playing field, to explore the qualitative similarities and differences between them, and their shortcomings. Specifically, using the Boltzmann machine architecture (a fully connected recurrent neural network) with uniformly distributed weights as our model of study, we numerically measure how complexity changes as a function of network dynamics and network parameters. We apply an extension of one such information-theoretic measure of complexity to understand incremental Hebbian learning in Hopfield networks, a fully recurrent architecture model of autoassociative memory. In the course of Hebbian learning, the total information flow reflects a natural upward trend in complexity as the network attempts to learn more and more patterns.


Rekindles can represent a high burden on wildland fire suppression resources, but despite the relevance of this phenomenon in Portugal, related research is still scarce. Seeking to contribute to address this gap, the purpose of this study was to organize and provide an overview of the problem of rekindles in Portugal, and to verify whether evidence exists that the high proportion of rekindles in Portugal is related to the double duty of Portuguese firefighters to perform initial attack and mop-up operations. Our study included informal meetings, formal recorded interviews, dispatch centre visits, actual rekindle observation, and an analysis of the National Forest Authority database. From the study of genealogies of rekindles, we concluded that 17.2% additional forest fires (rekindles in successive generations) had their origin in only 7.4% of primary fires. Through linear regression analysis, we found that their proportions increase in days with more occurrences, preliminarily supporting the hypothesis of premature abandonment of mop-up operations, as a result from the pressure to immediately attack starting fires by the same crews. A more detailed analysis of two representative districts highlighted specific organizational and natural challenges to successful mop-up efforts and provided further evidence of the hazardousness


Three studies compared 98 children with spina bifida myelomeningocele (SBM)—a disorder associated with high rates of math disability and spatial deficits—to 94 typically developing children on multidigit subtraction and cognitive addition tasks. Children with SBM were classified into those with reading decoding and math disability, only math disability, and no reading or math disability. Study 1 showed that visual—spatial errors in multidigit arithmetic were not elevated in children with SBM. In Study 2, deficits in accuracy, speed, and strategy-use in single-digit addition characterized groups with math disability regardless of reading status. Accuracy and speed on single-digit addition was strongly related to performance on multidigit subtraction. A math-level matching design in Study 3 revealed less mastery of math facts by the group with SBM. The results are discussed with reference to cognitive and neuropsychological models of math disability.


This paper presents the experimental results of using a non-invasive time domain reflectometry (TDR) sensor to image and parameterize the moisture content of basecourse materials used in road construction. Imaging, resulting from the amplitude losses of a pulsed signal travelling down TDR transmission lines, is found to produce excellent information on the relative changes in basecourse moisture content to a spatial resolution <;5 mm in the plane of the road surface. A simple model relating the volumetric moisture content to the TDR measured propagation time is shown to provide a consistent transform between the two. The experimental data also indicate that the smallest transform error of ~0.25% in volumetric moisture content is achieved when model coefficients are separately fitted for each of the two basecourse aggregate types tested.


Event data are collected in logistics, manufacturing, finance, health care, customer relationship management, e‐learning, e‐government, and many other domains. The events found in these domains typically refer to activities executed by resources at particular times and for a particular case (i.e., process instances). Process mining techniques are able to exploit such data. In this article, we focus on process discovery. However, process mining also includes conformance checking, performance analysis, decision mining, organizational mining, predictions, recommendations, and so on. These techniques help to diagnose problems and improve processes. All process mining techniques involve both event data and process models. Therefore, a typical first step is to automatically learn a control‐flow model from the event data. This is very challenging, but in recent years, many powerful discovery techniques have been developed. It is not easy to compare these techniques since they use different representations and make different assumptions. Users often need to resort to trying different algorithms in an ad‐hoc manner. Developers of new techniques are often trying to solve specific instances of a more general problem. Therefore, we aim to unify existing approaches by focusing on log and model abstractions. These abstractions link observed and modeled behavior: Concrete behaviors recorded in event logs are related to possible behaviors represented by process models. Hence, such behavioral abstractions provide an "interface" between both of them. We discuss four discovery approaches involving three abstractions and different types of process models (Petri nets, block‐structured models, and declarative models). The goal is to provide a comprehensive understanding of process discovery and show how to develop new techniques. Examples illustrate the different approaches and pointers to software are given. The discussion on abstractions and process representations is also presented to reflect on the gap between process mining literature and commercial process mining tools. This facilitates users to select an appropriate process discovery technique. Moreover, structuring the role of internal abstractions and representations helps broaden the view and facilitates the creation of new discovery approaches.


ABSTRACT The increasing popularity of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and, more recently, the new "heat-not-burn" tobacco products (iQOS) as alternatives to traditional tobacco cigarettes has necessitated further documentation of and research into the composition and potential health risks/benefits of these devices. In a recent study, we compared second-hand exposure to particulate metals and organic compounds from e-cigarettes and traditional cigarettes, by conducting continuous and time-integrated measurements in an indoor environment, followed by computing the emission rates of these species using a single-compartment mass balance model. In this study, we have used a similar approach to further expand our previous analyses by characterizing black carbon, metal particles, organic compounds, and size-segregated particle mass and number concentrations emitted from these devices in addition to the newly marketed iQOS. Analysis of the iQOS side-stream smoke indicated that the particulate emission of organic matter from these devices is significantly different depending on the organic compound. While polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were mostly non-detectable in the iQOS smoke, certain n-alkanes, organic acids (such as suberic acid, azelaic acid, and n-alkanoic acids with carbon numbers between 10 and 19) as well as levoglucosan were still emitted in substantial levels from iQOS (up to 2–6 mg/h during a regular smoking regimen). Metal emissions were reduced in iQOS smoke compared to both electronic cigarettes and conventional cigarettes and were mostly similar to the background levels. Another important finding is the presence of carcinogenic aldehyde compounds, including formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein, in iQOS smoke, although the levels were substantially lower compared to conventional cigarettes. Copyright © 2017 American Association for Aerosol Research


choose to carry on with the pregnancy. Further ultrasound scans and MRI examination showed progressive hydrocephaly. Following MDT meeting, decision was made to deliver the fetus at 35 weeks through Caesarean sections as head circumference was above 95 % centile. A 2,950g male fetus was delivered and transferred to neonatal care baby unit. At two months of age, fetus underwent endoscopic ventriculo cisternostomy. Currently baby is undergoing neurological rehabilitation.


In the paper on Generic rules to evaluate system-failure frequency, (see ibid., vol.49, p.85-7, 2000) the authora did not consider the case of shorter mission times while presenting the rules to evaluate system-failure frequency. Time-specific failure-frequency calculations are required for the systems with shorter mission times. One of the practical uses of time-specific failure-frequency is in finding reasonably accurate estimates of failure-rate and reliability of large systems consisting of repairable components, by using combinatorial methods (without using Markov models). This paper shows that, with some minor modifications, the rules in the original paper for evaluating steady-state failure-frequency can be used to find the time-specific failure-frequency.


Examples are given for the application o f high power excimer lasers in spectroscopy and processing of biological material. An excimer-laser pumped dye laser serves as light source for a pulsed UV Raman spectrometer which allows resonant Raman studies on nucleic acids. Experiments on the pH induced double helix formation of poly adenylic acid are described. By combining the excimer laser with a distributed feedback dye laser and a streak camera, a picosecond UV fluorescence spectrometer is built up .Tyrosine fluorescence lifetimes of selected tryptophan free peptides with up to 9 amino acids can be explained in a surprisingly simple way: only the directly neighbouring amino acid on the C-terminal side and only a few amino acids on the N-terminal side have an influence on the fluorecscence lifetime of these peptides. Besides spectroscopic applications, the excimer laser serves as light source for processing of biological material. For medical applications , high power UV Laser light has to be transmitted through light guides. A tapered light guide transmitting more than GW/cm2 is described. Microprocessing of biological material with accuracies of a few hundred nanometers can be performed when an excimer pumped dye laser is coupled into a microscope .The resulting UV laser microbeam can be used to introduce foreign genetic material into plant cells, tissues and subcellular organelles such as mitochondria and chioroplasts. Selected pairs of different cells can be fused in the UV laser microbeam under total microscopic control. Finally, one can microdissect human chromosomes and isolate DNA probes for the analysis of human disease.


In many real-world applications, we are often facing the problem of cross domain learning, i.e., to borrow the labeled data or transfer the already learnt knowledge from a source domain to a target domain. However, simply applying existing source data or knowledge may even hurt the performance, especially when the data distribution in the source and target domain is quite different, or there are very few labeled data available in the target domain. This paper proposes a novel domain adaptation framework, named Semi-supervised Domain Adaptation with Subspace Learning (SDASL), which jointly explores invariant low-dimensional structures across domains to correct data distribution mismatch and leverages available unlabeled target examples to exploit the underlying intrinsic information in the target domain. Specifically, SDASL conducts the learning by simultaneously minimizing the classification error, preserving the structure within and across domains, and restricting similarity defined on unlabeled target examples. Encouraging results are reported for two challenging domain transfer tasks (including image-to-image and image-to-video transfers) on several standard datasets in the context of both image object recognition and video concept detection.


Alternative morphotypes have been reported in males of different taxa. In some mammals, highly masculinized and slightly masculinized males represent 2 opposite ends along a gradient of phenotypic variation in males. This phenotypical gradient originates during prenatal development. Laboratory studies have documented how highly and slightly masculinized males differ in several traits, including their reproductive success. However, the extent to which these reported differences materialize in natural populations remains unknown. We quantified the impact of male morphotype on male reproductive success in a natural population of Octodon degus, a highly social rodent. We assessed male morphotype through a continuous gradient of anogenital distance. We also tested the hypothesis that the social environment interacts with male morphotype to influence male reproductive success. We found that individual attributes, including masculinization level and age, impacted male reproductive success. Highly masculinized and younger males had greater reproductive success. Additionally, male body weight had a small magnitude but positive effect on male reproductive success. Male reproductive success was not affected by social attributes such as group composition. Thus, the number of males and females within a group did not affect male reproductive success, nor did the average male anogenital distance within a group. Our results support the hypothesis that the prenatal environment can result in long-term effects on individual life history and cause intrasexual phenotypical variation in natural populations. Our findings suggest that male phenotypical masculinization could be an adaptive trait, regardless of the social environment.


BACKGROUND
This phase III study compared the efficacy of the new potent bisphosphonate, ibandronate, with placebo as intravenous (i.v.) therapy in metastatic bone disease due to breast cancer.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
A total of 466 patients were randomised to receive placebo (n = 158), or 2 mg (n = 154) or 6 mg (n = 154) ibandronate every 3-4 weeks for up to 2 years. The primary efficacy parameter was the number of 12-week periods with new bone complications, expressed as the skeletal morbidity period rate (SMPR). Bone pain, analgesic use and safety were evaluated monthly. Results SMPR was lower in both ibandronate groups compared with the placebo group; the difference was statistically significant for the ibandronate 6 mg group (P = 0.004 versus placebo). Consistent with the SMPR, ibandronate 6 mg significantly reduced the number of new bone events (by 38%) and increased time to first new bone event. Patients on ibandronate 6 mg also experienced decreased bone pain scores and analgesic use. Treatment with ibandronate was well tolerated.

CONCLUSIONS
These results indicate that 6 mg i.v. ibandronate is effective and safe in the treatment of bone metastases from breast cancer.


An on-line system which based on acoustic resonance employed digital signal processer (DSP) as its core device for eggshell crack detection. The system consists of the IR trigger for detecting the egg's coming, the motor drive for driving the DC motor, the signal conditioning circuit for signal amplification and filter and DSP for control and signal processing. Based on the analysis of response signal of eggshell which excited with a light mechanical, four featured descriptors were exacted for discriminating intact and cracked eggs. By using the on-line system for detection of cracked eggs, the identification rates of intact eggs and cracked eggs were 93.75% and 96.25%, respectively. This system can detect 5 eggs within one second, it completely meet the needs of on-line detection.


This study aims to determine the level/grade suitability of land for oil palm plantations and attempt to provide management recommendations. Results of land evaluation, whether the results obtained from the field and the results of laboratory analysis results will provide information and guidance necessary land use and finally value of production expectations increased. The research was conducted in the village of Engkasan Tayan Hulu subdistrict Sanggau district with an area of 100 hectares. Analysis of soil samples carried out in the Laboratory of Chemistry and Soil Fertility Faculty of Agriculture, University Tanjungpura Pontianak. The study started from April 2015 until the end of April 2016. The research was conducted by survey method using a grid system. Implementation of the research include: 1) Preparation, consisting of cartography topography of the site of research, collecting secondary data research sites and tools and materials used, 2) field observations, consisting of drilling and profiling of land, 3) Analysis soil samples in the laboratory, 4) Analysis and compilation of data, which consists of determining ratings soil chemical properties, determining the nomenclature of land, determination of land suitability classes, determination of the limiting factors of land, 5) Interpretation of the data and presenting the results, the data obtained in the field associated with the results of the analysis in the laboratory.The interpretation of field data and analysis in the laboratory showed that among the sites there are 4 Soil Mapping Unit, but it has one type of soil and is classified into the Order Ultisol, Sub-order Udik, Great-group Kandiudults, Sub-order Typic Kandiudults with epipedon ocric and horizon diagnostic kandik. Soil Mapping Unit 1 has a land suitability classes S3-n (nutrient status) actual and potential land suitability classes S1, Soil Mapping Unit 2 has a land suitability classes S3-ns (slope and nutrient status) actual and potential land suitability classes S1, Soil Mapping Unit 3 has the actual land suitability classes N1-s (slope). N1-s (slope) can not do so any improvement potential land suitability classes Soil Mapping Unit remain N1-s (slope) 3 and Soil Mapping Unit 4 has the actual land suitability classes N2-s (slope). N2-s (slope) can not do so any improvement potential land suitability classes Soil Mapping Unit remain N2-s (slope). Recommended management consists of organic materials recommendation, liming, fertilizing and terracing. The results of the lime requirement calculations amounted to 0.5344 ton / mgCa (CO3) 2 / ha, the result of calculation of P and K fertilizer demand respectively 159.8 kg / ha SP36 and 130 kg / ha KCl.