The goal of the present study was to determine whether chronic post-stroke patients with motor aphasia have impaired inner speech abilities and whether they use inner speech in everyday life. To answer these questions, we recruited eight chronic post-stroke aphasic patients and 13 cognitively healthy adults, who underwent testing on a range of evaluative tests and four experiments specifically designed for the purposes of this study. The experimental results suggest that post-stroke patients with motor aphasia have impaired inner speech. However, patients' subjective reports indicate that they use various types of inner speech, despite the observed deficit. Taken together, our data suggest that impairment of certain aspects of inner speech may still allow a degree of use of other aspects of inner speech, emphasizing a need to extend research on inner speech in aphasia to the variety of its forms.


Physiology
Males and females show differences in susceptibility to many diseases, particularly those with inflammatory components. Duma et al. therefore investigated whether differential responses to glucocorticoid hormones may contribute to this disparity because of their known anti-inflammatory properties. When rats were treated with a synthetic glucocorticoid, sex-specific differences in gene expression in the rat liver, as measured by microarray analysis, were elevated. Nearly 2000 more hormone-responsive genes were detected in females than in males. Moreover, about 70 genes showed opposite changes in expression, going up in females and down in males, or vice versa. When genes implicated in inflammatory disorders were specifically analyzed, gene expression was more affected in males, and generally glucocorticoid treatment suppressed the expression of these genes.

The authors then tested the physiological significance of their results by measuring the protective effects of glucocorticoid treatment in a deadly inflammatory response in rats. The hormone was more effective in promoting survival of the male rats. Thus, differences in response to anti-inflammatory hormones may explain, at least in part, the differential susceptibility of men and women to diseases associated with inflammation.

Sci. Signal. 3 , ra74 (2010).


Abstract A new anthraquinone compound was isolated from the stem and leaves of Thipterygium wilfordii. The structure was elucidated to be 1,8-dihydroxy-4-hydroxymethylanthraquinone on the basis of UV-VIS,IR,HNMR and MS analysis.


It is increasingly evident that micronutrient environment experienced before birth and in infancy is important for achieving optimal bone mass by adolescence and maintaining bone health. This study determined whether maternal supplementation with ω3-polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3FA) improved offspring bone growth and adult bone mass. Female rats were fed a diet containing 0.1% (control, n = 10) or 1% (n3FA, n = 11) docosahexanoic acid (DHA) during pregnancy and lactation. Offspring were weaned onto a control rat chow diet. Tibial growth plate and metaphysis structure, osteoblast/osteoclast density and differentiation, and gene expression were assessed in offspring at 3 wk (weaning), 6 wk (adolescent), and 3 months (adult). Maternal n3FA supplementation elevated offspring plasma n3FA levels at 3 and 6 wk. Although total growth plate heights were unaffected at any age, the resting zone thickness was increased in both male and female offspring at 3 wk. In n3FA males, but not females, bone trabecular number and thickness were increased at 3 wk but not other ages. The wk 3 n3FA males also exhibited an increased bone volume, an increased osteoblast but decreased osteoclast density, and lower expression of osteoclastogenic cytokines receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand, TNF-α, and IL-6. No effects were seen at 6 wk or 3 months in either sex. Thus, perinatal n3FA supplementation is associated with increased bone formation, decreased resorption, and a higher bone mass in males, but not in females, at weaning; these effects do not persist into adolescence and adulthood and are unlikely to produce lasting improvements in bone health.


The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM, 55.8 Ma, Aubry et al., 2007) is regarded as one of the most rapid global warming of the Cenozoic era, with temperature increase of 4-8°C in about 10-20 ka. Thus, it is often proposed as a potential analogue of future climatic conditions expected in the screenplays provided by the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The PETM is recorded in both marine and terrestrial deposits by an abrupt negative Carbon Isotope Excursion (CIE) associated with other sedimentary and biological anomalies. The consequences of the PETM in terrestrial environments are less documented than in marine ones. This limits our regional- and global-scale understanding of the impact of such a drastic climate change on continents and the ecosystems response. This study focuses on the Cap d'Ailly core (Seine-Maritime, France) drilled by the BRGM in 2008 in the southern part of the Dieppe-Hampshire Basin, an area where the PETM has already been attested in a few sections by the presence of the CIE and the Apectodinium acme (Magioncalda et al, 2001; Dupuis et al, 2006; Storme et al, 2012). These sections consist of terrestrial and lagoonal organic matter-rich deposits that are typical of the Sparnacian facies (latest Paleocene - earliest Eocene; Aubry et al., 2005). The lower part of the "Sparnacian" is dominated by fluvial, lacustrine and swamp deposits such as marls and lignites. It is overlain by two units of lagoonal deposits rich in shell debris separated by terrestrial deposits. The uppermost part of the section is constituted by a 1 m-thick marine clay rich in glauconite (Dupuis & Steurbaut, 1987). Global organic geochemical, palynofacies and isotopic analyses reveal that the onset of the CIE is located in the lowermost swamp deposits. The total organic carbon ranges from 0.02 % for paleosols to 43 % for lignite beds. The organic matter is mainly of Type III (terrestrial higher plants) and immature. These interpretations are reinforced by palynofacies observations that show a large amount of ligno-cellulosic phytoclasts in many samples. In marine and lagoonal deposits, the presence of many Apectodinium specimens would suggest the continuation of the PETM up to the top of the Sparnacian deposits, although this has to be confirmed by carbon isotopes analyses. Palynofacies, distribution of specific lipid biomarkers as well as their hydrogen and carbon isotopic compositions show important changes coincident with the CIE onset. This is consistent with important environmental and hydrological changes in the Cap d'Ailly area during the earliest Eocene that could be linked to the PETM climatic change.


JENKINS II, THOMAS BURTON. Efficacy of Immersion and Intraperitoneal Vaccination Against Yersinia ruckeri and the Effects on Immune Response in Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Under the direction of Dr. Jeffrey M. Hinshaw). In this study, the effectiveness of vaccination against Yersinia ruckeri, using an autogenous bacterin, in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was assessed. In addition, the immune response detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was evaluated. Rainbow trout were vaccinated at 25 grams mean body weight by standard bath immersion and intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection (saline-based injection or oil-based adjuvant injection). Bath-challenges occurred on days 42, 101, 181, 286, and 381 postvaccination. Plasma samples were collected pre-challenge and fourteen days postchallenge for antibody titer analysis. Antibody kinetics were followed prior to first challenge. Relative percent survival (RPS) ranged from 98.96% to 96.85% and did not statistically differ among vaccinated groups. Increased antibody titer was identified in the oil-based adjuvant injection vaccinated group however, statistical significance among vaccinated groups was not determined. EFFICACY OF IMMERSION AND INTRAPERITONEAL VACCINATION AGAINST YERSINIA RUCKERI AND THE EFFECTS ON IMMUNE RESPONSE IN RAINBOW TROUT, ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS


Purpose. Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) are common bacterial causes of sexually transmitted infections. Self‐taken meatal swabs are a possible alternative to urine samples in testing for infection; however, the data surrounding their use are limited. Methodology. We carried out a prospective service review in a large sexual health clinic comparing urine samples and self‐taken meatal swabs in men presenting for sexual transmissible infection screening for CT and GC with the BD Viper XTR system. Results. We found an overall prevalence of 10.5 % for CT infections and 4.2 % for GC infections in our patient population. Meatal swab testing had a sensitivity and specificity of 91 and 99 % with an negative predictive value (NPV) of 99 % and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 96 % for CT testing compared to a sensitivity and specificity of 100 and 99 % with an NPV of 100 % and a PPV of 98 % for urine samples. The sensitivity and specificity of meatal swabs was 100 and 99 %, respectively, for GC detection with an NPV of 100 % and PPV of 89 % compared to urine which had 93 % sensitivity and 99 % specificity with an NPV and PPV of 99 and 93 %, respectively. Conclusions. Meatal samples were not inferior to urine samples for the detection of CT and GC. Male urethral meatal self‐sampling offers an alternative sample type when compared to male urine specimens.


Causality is an important notion that appears at the foundations of many scientific disciplines, in the practice of technology, and also in our everyday life. Causality is crucial to understand and manage uncertainty in data, information, knowledge, and theories. In data management in particular, there is a need to represent, characterize and compute the causes that explain why certain query results are obtained or not, or why natural semantic conditions, such as integrity constraints, are not satisfied. The notion of query-answer causality in database was introduced in [86]. This notion is shown to be general enough to be applied to a broad class of database-related applications, such as explaining unexpected answers to a query result, diagnosing network malfunctions, data cleaning, hypothetical reasoning [86, 87, 84, 88]. In this thesis, we establish and investigate connections between query-answer causality and other important forms of reasoning that appear in data management and knowledge representation, e.g. consistency-based diagnoses [103], database repairs and consistent query answering [3], abductive diagnosis [35, 43], and the view-update problem [20, 77, 78]. These problems are classified in [83] as reverse data management problems. The unveiled relationships allow us to obtain new results for query-answer causality and also for the above mentioned related areas. Furthermore, we argue that causality in data management can be seen as a very fundamental concept, to which many other data management problems and notions are connected. In fact, we suggest causality as a unifying framework for reverse data management problems.


Increased demand for customized products and reduced manufacturing times are key drivers towards modern, automated manufacturing systems. Manufacturing companies increasingly rely on simulation models of their manufacturing systems, with the goal to optimize critical production parameters and programming of their industrial assets. Simulation driven optimization concepts like digital twin and virtual commissioning are gaining popularity among manufacturing units to drive production rates higher. Manufacturing systems in the aerospace domain are highly complex, due to component size, tight tolerance requirements, and multi-tier manufacturing processes. Accurate simulations of robots and other programmable assets are needed, in order to lower the risk of collisions and manufacturing down times.In practice, this leads to inhomogeneous and even proprietary simulation environments, with different software interfaces. In this paper we introduce an accurate robotic arm simulation for industrial manufacturing robots that is based on open standards. This simulation environment is based on two open access standards, namely the Functional Mock-up Interface (FMI) and the Distributed Co-Simulation Protocol (DCP). In such a virtualized manufacturing process, the number of involved stakeholders is significantly higher. It includes software and simulation tool vendors, as well as robotic system providers. In such an environment, a modular software architecture based on open access standards is considered beneficial. The high number of aircraft customizations leads to continuous reprogramming of the involved systems. The challenge is to keep up with constant-quality manufacturing processes for aircraft components, requiring high levels of accuracy and reliability.


(Riedl, Saretto, & Young 2003) describes narrative mediation, a plan-based technique for addressing human user actions that conflict with the story structure maintained by computer-controlled agents within interactive narrative environments. This technique is used to generate real-time system responses to unanticipated user actions while balancing user freedom with story coherence. Narrative mediation has previously only been used for a single plan representing an entire story. A high amount of computation is required to monitor user actions and, in response, replan as appropriate to avoid a threat to the story's consistency. Toward the goal of maintaining plan consistency, use of a single planner is limited in that it can process only a single user's actions. To handle multiple users, distributing the planning burden across several planners requires collaborative communication to maintain global consistency. We propose a method that extends Riedl, Saretto and Young's mediation techniques to allow for mediation of exceptional user actions within a narrative environment consisting


The fast-growing production and utilization of nanomaterials in diverse applications will undoubtedly lead to the release of these materials into the environment. As nanomaterials enter the environment, determining their interaction with biological systems is a key aspect to understanding their impact on environmental health and safety. It has been shown that engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) can interact with cell membranes by adhering onto their surface and compromising their integrity, permeability, and function. The interfacial and biophysical forces that drive these processes can be examined using lipid monolayers or bilayers as model cell membranes. Interfacial interactions between NPs and cell membranes have been proven to be affected by various parameters such as the physicochemical properties of the NPs, cell membrane composition, and the extent of exposure. This study focuses on the effects of NP charge, surface functional groups and interfacial activity on the response of lipid monolayers. Dynamic surface pressure measurements were used to examine the kinetics of nanoparticle adsorption and the monolayer response. Fluorescence and real-time in situ Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) imaging were employed to characterize the morphology and structure of the monolayers. Bulk concentrations of NP and phosphorus were examined to determine the extent of NP binding and lipid extraction. The results of this study will contribute to further understanding of the membrane's role in ENP cytotoxicity and cellular uptake and aid the design of biocompatible nanomaterials with minimal or controlled membrane activity.


"Blue Ice" relates the tale of the University of Michigan's hockey program--from its fight to become a varsity sport in the 1920s to its 1996 and 1998 NCAA national championships.This history of the hockey program profiles the personalities who shaped the program--athletic directors, coaches, and players. From Fielding Yost, who made the decision to build the team a rink with artificial ice before the Depression (which ensured hockey would be played during those lean years), to coaches Joseph Barss, who survived World War I and the ghastly Halifax explosion before becoming the program's first coach, to Red Berenson, who struggled to return his alma mater's hockey team to prominence in the 1980s and 1990s. Players from Eddie Kahn, who scored Michigan's first goal in 1923, to Brendan Morrison, who upon winning the 1996 national championship with his goal said, "This is for all the [Michigan] guys who never had a chance to win it.""Blue Ice" also explores the players' exotic backgrounds, from Calumet in the Upper Peninsula to Minnesota's Iron Range to Regina, Saskatchewan; how coach Vic Heygliger launched the NCAA tournament at the glamorous Broadmoor Hotel; and how commissioner Bill Beagan transformed the country's premier hockey conference.In "Blue Ice," fans of hockey will learn the stories behind the curse of the Boston University Terriers, the hockey team's use of the winged helmet, and the unlikely success of Ann Arbor's home-grown talent.Unlike other sports at the collegiate level, the hockey players at Michigan haven't been motivated by fame or fortune; rather, they came to Michigan get an education and to play the game they loved.John U. Bacon has won numerous national writing awards and now freelances for "Sports Illustrated, " "Time, " "ESPN Magazine, "and the "New York Times," among others.


Late planting of wheat in rice-wheat cropping system is perhaps one of the major factors responsible for low crop yield. The main cause of reduction in yield is due to supra-optimal conditions during the reproductive growth. High temperature during reproductive phase induces changes in water relations, decreases photosynthetic rate, and transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and antioxidative defence system. Silicon (Si), being a beneficial nutrient not only provides significant benefits to plants growth and development but may also mitigate the adversities of high temperature. A field study was conducted at Agronomic Research Area of University of Agriculture; Faisalabad, Pakistan to assess the performance of late sown wheat with the soil applied Si. Experiment was comprised of three sowing dates; 10th Nov (normal), 10th Dec (late), 10th Jan (very late) with two wheat varieties (Sehar-2006 and Faisalabad-2008), and an optimized dose of Si (100 mg per kg soil), applied at different growth stages (control, crown root, booting and heading). Results indicated that 100 mg Si per kg soil at heading stage offset the negative impact of high temperature and induced heat tolerance in late sown wheat. Silicon application improved 34% relative water contents (RWC), 30% water potential, 26% osmotic potential, 23% turgor potential and 21% photosynthetic rate, and 32% transpiration rate and 20% stomatal conductance in wheat flag leaf than control treatment. Further it was observed that Si application preventing the oxidative membrane damage due to enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes, i.e. 35% superoxide dismutase (SOD) and 38% catalase (CAT). In conclusion results of this field study demonstrated that soil applied Si (100 mg per kg soil) at heading stage enhanced all physiological attributes of wheat flag leaf. Which in turn ameliorated the adverse effects of high temperature in late sown wheat. Study depicted that Si can be used as a potential nutrient in order to mitigate the losses induced by high temperature stress.


Important advances in the diagnosis and treatment of congenital heart disease (CHD) have been made in the past 50 years. Nowadays echocardiogram plays an important role in the diagnosis. This procedure is able to identify a wide range of malformations. Cardiac catheterization is mainly a therapeutic tool, surgery is now performed much earlier because CHDS are diagnosed sometimes before birth or very early in life. All this advances in the diagnosis and treatment of this group of patients, allows them not only a better quality of life but also the possibility of reaching adulthood and having children. The study of the etiology of CHD is a field that has not evolved as fast as the assessment and treatment. Nowadays we have a larger population of adults with CHD. The discovery of a microdeletion of chromosome 22 q11.2 associated with conotruncal cardiac defects, proves a common etiology for clinical phenotypes and conotruncal malformations. In order to identify, which of these patients share the same etiology and presented with this syndrome, we collected a group that shared not only heart defects of the conotruncal type but also specific phenotypic alterations such as broad nasal bridge, nasal dimple, high palate, and digitalization of the first finger among others. The first two patients studied with FISH technique were positive to monosomy of a locus on chromosome 22. Those patients with CHD of conotruncal type should undergo microdeletion testing so genetic counseling can be offered as well as appropriate treatment in areas such as cardiology and developmental psychology.


The present work has attempted to analyze sexual crimes and especially the crime of male rape. The international jurisprudence of international criminal Tribunals and the International Criminal Court has tried to qualify rape either as a crime of genocide in the form of serious bodily and physical injuries, even if not necessarily permanent (lett. b) art. 6 of the Rome Statute; or as a crime against humanity where there are elements of context and above all material elements that emerge from the definitions given by the ad hoc Tribunals and the elements of crimes; or even as a war crime in case it is implemented as a part of a political plan or design, or as part of series of similar crimes committed on a large scale. This behavior is rebuilt in a residual way compared to that of sexual violence, according to a gender specific relationship to speciem . The indication of the level of gravity of the crime is necessary for the relevance of sexual violence and rape as crimes against humanity that we will see in the next years from the panorama of international criminal law.


Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to analyse the level of financial literacy in Africa based on previous studies and evidence from financial literacy surveys, with the aim of establishing how financial literacy impacts entrepreneurship development in Africa. The study specifically looks at how financial literacy affects the household behaviour regarding financial decision making, as well as the gender gap in financial literacy. As financial literacy is gaining momentum both in developed economies with sophisticated financial systems and developing countries with low levels of financial services, this research seeks to establish a formal relationship between financial literacy and access to finance and what impact both have for developing an entrepreneurship society in Africa. It also focuses on the relationship between financial decision making and gender as well as access to finance with the aim of carefully examining the implications on entrepreneurship development.

Design/methodology/approach

– To attain the above objective, the study employed a mixed methodology research design where both quantitative and qualitative methods were used. A survey method on financial literacy, conducted by: (Finscope, OECD) was thoroughly analysed in addition to previous work on entrepreneurship development, financial literacy, access to finance and poverty reduction in Africa.

Findings

– The results show that the difficulties in access to finance, access to market, policy support and entrepreneurship culture are the main problems and constraints on entrepreneurship development in Africa which has a very strong implication for financial literacy on the continent particularly on micro, small and medium enterprises. Other important problems include unfavorable investment climate, absence of entrepreneurship training programmes, unfriendly investment business environment, gender gap and lack of value chain in the entrepreneurship ecosystem.

Research limitations/implications

– The paper is limited to the established survey and mainly concentrates on Africa.

Practical implications

– African governments and other development partners should re-evaluate their intervention programmes to strengthen financial literacy skills while simultaneously supporting entrepreneurship development by promoting an entrepreneurship culture through the right policy that will actively stimulate the development of entrepreneurs that will contribute to entrepreneurship ecosystems and ultimately enhance Africa's economic development.

Originality/value

– This paper aims at enhancing understanding of entrepreneurship development and financial literacy in Africa and will help policy makers and researcher fill the missing gap between financial literacy and entrepreneurship education. The recommendations made could significantly boost entrepreneurship activities as well as enhance financial literacy skills in the region, which can as well help increase access to finance on the continent.


examination showed no further anomalies, especially no craniofacial, urogenital, heart or lung malformations. Therefore, our case concerned a Tetra-amelia, and not a tetra-Amelia syndrome. Tetra-Amelia syndrome is described to be caused by a homozygous WNT3-gene mutation in only one consanguineous family. DNAanalysis of this gene was therefore not performed. The autosomal recessive Roberts syndrome is characterized by tetraphocomelia and is clinically variable. DNA-analysis of the ESCO2-gene was performed. No pathological mutations were found in this gene. In this case the couple was counselled for a low recurrence rate. Meanwhile, a new pregnancy occurred and the prenatal scan at 16 weeks showed normal limbs.


The objective of the present study was to analyze the professional profile of the nursing graduate students of Federal University of Bahia, more specifically of the nursing management area. This descriptive, exploratory study was performed using documental research. The data was collected from the graduates' curriculum on the Lattes Platform and from the graduate program documents, using a form. The study population consisted of graduates enrolled under the line of research The Organization and Evaluation of Health Care Systems, who developed dissertations/theses addressing Nursing/Health Management. The data were stored using Microsoft Excel, and then transferred to the STATA 9.0 statistical software. Results showed that most graduates are women, originally from the State of Bahia, and had completed the course between 2000 and 2011; faculty of public institutions who continued involved in academic work after completing the course. These results point at the program as an academic environment committed to preparing researchers.


Abstract Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the assessment of the application for renewal of authorisation of potassium diformate as a feed additive for sows (brand name Formi™ LHS). The additive was re‐evaluated by the Panel in 2009. In its assessment on the renewal of the additive adopted by the FEEDAP Panel in 2020, the Panel concluded that the information provided by the applicant did not fulfil the minimum requirements to support that Formi™ LHS remained safe under the approved conditions for target species, consumers and users. In the same opinion, the Panel concluded that the use of Formi™ LHS under the approved conditions remained safe for the environment. In the present assessment, the applicant conducted a literature search to fulfil the data requirements for the renewal application and no relevant information regarding adverse effects in target animals (pigs, piglets and sows), consumers and users were identified. Based on this, and the fact that the manufacturing and composition of the additive have not been modified, the FEEDAP Panel considers that there is no evidence to reconsider the conclusions reached in the previous re‐evaluation opinion adopted by the FEEDAP Panel in 2009. Therefore, the Panel concludes that the additive remains safe for sows and the consumer under the authorised conditions of use. Regarding user safety, the Panel reiterates that for the additive, 'except for ocular irritation potential, no effects requiring specific user protection measures were found'.


This study presents the design and simulation based comparison of two chattering-free SMC approaches for the position control of MEM microactuators The obtained results are benchmarked against a previously published chattering free SMC study, also for the control of micromirrors. Although crucial for increased reliability in MEM actuators, chattering free SM based controllers are rare in this area. The proposed chattering free SMCs proposed and tested in this study .provide a faster settling time as well as increased reliability, which are both critical performance criteria for the control of micromirrors.


The algorithm proposed by Smith-Waterman is an exact method that obtains optimal local alignments in quadratic space and time. For long sequences, quadratic complexity makes the use of this algorithm impractical. In this scenario, parallel computing is a very attractive alternative. In this paper, we propose and evaluate z-align, a parallel exact strategy based on the divergence concept to locally align long biological sequences using an affine gap function. Z-align runs in limited memory space, where the amount of memory used can be defined by the user. The results collected in a cluster with 16 processors presented very good speedups for long real DNA sequences. By comparing the results obtained with z-align and BLAST, it is clear that z-align is able to produce longer and more significant alignments


Social discrimination against certain sensitive groups within society (e.g., females, blacks, minorities) is prohibited by law in many countries. To prevent discrimination arising from the use of discriminatory data, recent data mining research has focused on methods for making classifiers learned over discriminatory data discrimination-aware. Most of these methods have been tested on standard classification datasets that have been tweaked for discrimination analysis rather than over actual discriminatory data. In this paper, we study discrimination-aware classification when applied to a real world dataset of Statistics Netherlands, which is a census body in the Netherlands. Specifically, we consider the use of classifiers for predicting whether an individual is a crime suspect, or not, to support law enforcement and security agencies' decision making. Our results show that discrimination does exist in real world datasets and blind use of classifiers learned over such datasets can exacerbate the discrimination problem. We demonstrate that discrimination-aware classification methods can mitigate the discriminatory effects and that they lead to rational and legally acceptable decisions.


The extraordinary wave at the second harmonic of the electron cyclotron frequency produces and heats the plasma in the helically symmetric experiment. Ray-tracing calculations predict 40% first pass absorption at a plasma density of 1.5 × 1018 m−3 and an electron temperature of 400 eV. To measure the wave absorption, a set of absolutely calibrated microwave detectors is installed along the machine. It was found that the absorption efficiency is very high (about 0.9) in the quasi-helically symmetric (QHS) and mirror configurations, and it drops to 0.6 in the anti-mirror mode. The confinement of particles in the different configurations is studied in the neutral gas breakdown experiments. With the same gas pressure and heating power, the density for the QHS configuration has a larger growth rate (104 s−1) compared with the mirror (5 × 103 s−1) and anti-mirror modes (2 × 103 s−1). A study of the stored energy versus launched power and plasma density shows that it increases linearly (up to 50 J) with power and has a maximum at a low plasma density (at about 0.4 × 1018 m−3). The central electron temperature measured by Thomson scattering also rises linearly with heating power and reaches 600 eV at 100 kW of launched power.


With sports development, table tennis has already become a favorite event among broad masses, no matter in school, or in mass stadium, there are table tennis enthusiasts. Chinese table tennis level is always in the lead of the world, however to remain leading level without changing, it should make research and reform on table tennis training all the time. Based on this, the paper researches on table tennis air movement, with an aim to better reveal table tennis sports rules. The paper firstlymakes decomposition on table tennis movement each phase, then successively makes force analysis of each phase, combines with mechanical knowledge and differential equation modeling relative knowledge to find out each phase mechanical relationsÂ' differential equations, and finally combines themand gets differential equation researches on table tennis air sports rules, which provides theoretical basis for Chinese table tennis training so that propel to Chinese table tennis development


It is by now a commonplace that the number of people under criminal justice supervision in this country has reached a record high. As a result, the sentencing policies driving that number, and the field of corrections, where the consequences are felt, have acquired an unprecedented salience. It is a salience defined more by issues of magnitude, complexity, and expense than by any consensus about future directions.


Fractal structures of living beings are discussed in the aspect of the directionality, i.e., programmed nature, of the evolutionary process. These theses are substantiated by analyzing the alternative views of Darwinism and Nomogenesis on the nature of biological evolution, in the context of the interdisciplinary approach, using the fractal concept, as well as based on the nature of the chaotic (fractal) attractors bearing non-random order-generating sequences. Apparently, along with the influence of natural selection representing the adaptive stage of evolution, the non-random order-generating sequences are the governing factor of the directionality and the programmed nature of biological evolution, thus representing its progressive form. A number of questionable and complicated problems and phenomena of the evolution of organic world that are difficult to explain by Darwinism, Nomogenetic theory, or by the Synthetic Theory of Evolution are discussed from this viewpoint. These are, in particluar, the nature of polymorphic series in plants and animals, M. Eigen's hypercycles, and Vavilov's homologous series in hereditary variation.


The early age cracking of concrete is concerned with its thermal expansion properties, which is mainly reflected by the thermal expansion coefficient. Reasonably controlling the coefficient is an effective way of reducing cracks in the early age of concrete. While thermal expansion properties are related to the micro-pore texture characteristics of the concrete. Micro-pore textures of concretes of different mixing ratios and curing time were measured via mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), and the thermal expansion coefficient was determined by the comparator. The analysis of test results indicates the correlation between the parameters of micro-pore texture and thermal expansion properties, and also shows a highly positive correlation between the pore area and the thermal expansion coefficient. The results provide a solution for reducing the thermal expansion coefficient, thus controlling the early age cracking.


The hydrogenation of ketones over cinchona modified transition metal surfaces is an important step in many applications in heterogeneous catalysis, such as the production of unsaturated alcohols from a-0 unsaturated ketones. In the gas-phase simple ketones, such as acetone, do not have a significant population of the enol isomer. Even so deuterium exchange studies clearly point to the involvement of the enol form in hydrogenation catalysis over some group 10 metals. Two different aspects of the nature of the intermediates involved in the model enantioselective hydrogenation reaction are investigated in this work. In Chapter 5, a combined semi-empirical and ab initio conformational analysis of cinchonidine reveals four stable structures of the alkaloid, two Open and two Closed forms. The reaction energies for the formation of the diastereomeric complex between protonated cinchonidine conformers and the s-cis and s-trans isomers of ethyl pyruvate and butane-2,3-dione are used to predict the relative concentrations of these intermediates. For both reactants, the complex involving the Open(3)H+ structure with the s-cis conformation of the reactant, favouring the pro (R) lactate and hydroxybutanone are optimised to be the dominant intermediates formed in the hydrogenation reaction, providing theoretical enantiomeric excesses of 33% and 98%, respectively. In Chapters 6 and 7, periodic density functional theory calculations are used to examine the chemisorption of formaldehyde and acetone as model keto groups for the pyruvate on (111) surfaces of Pd and Pt. To test computational methods the adsorption of ethene on Pt(III) is investigated. The CASTEP program is found to overbind the ethene molecule to the surface. The corresponding adsorption energies are overestimated by between 10 and 20% when compared to analogous data generated with the VASP code. The overestimation is caused by the use of ultrasoft pseudopotentials generated at the local density approximation level. Reliable adsorption data for the chemisorption of formaldehyde and acetone is obtained with the VASP program, which uses pseudopotentials based on the projector augmented-wave model. The relative energies suggest that the Pt surface is more reactive than the Pd, and that the adsorption of the enol isomer of acetone is thermodynamically stable compared to the keto form. Small activation barriers for the favourable modes of chemisorption are calculated


Opitz and Kaveggia [Opitz and Kaveggia (1974); Z Kinderheilkd 117:1–18] reported on a family of five affected males with distinctive facial appearance, mental retardation, macrocephaly, imperforate anus, and hypotonia. Risheg et al. [Risheg et al. (2007); Nature Genetics 39:451–453] identified an identical mutation (p.R961W) in MED12 in six families with Opitz–Kaveggia syndrome, including a surviving affected man from the original family reported in 1974. The previously described behavior phenotype of hyperactivity, affability, and excessive talkativeness is very frequent in young boys with FG syndrome, along with socially oriented, attention‐seeking behaviors. We present case studies of five adult males who were previously published with the clinical diagnosis of FG syndrome and then subsequently proven by Risheg et al. [Risheg et al. (2007); Nature Genetics 39:451–453] to have the recurrent p.R961W mutation. These individuals had episodic and longstanding behavior patterns, sometimes aggressive or self‐abusing, that occurred more frequently in puberty and early adulthood. We try to describe the triggers for these behaviors, indicate how these behaviors change with advancing age, and suggest specific recommendations and interventional strategies based on the clinical histories of affected adolescent males with FG syndrome [Graham et al., 2008 ; Clark et al., 2009 ]. Young men who exhibit these behaviors may benefit from a careful examination to detect medical problems, use of mood stabilizers if needed, and/or behavioral intervention. The transition to a community living situation can be challenging without careful planning and timely behavioral intervention. They remain impulsive and can have aggressive outbursts when making the transition to adult life, but these challenges can be managed, as demonstrated by these clinical histories. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


We illustrate how a domain scientist can perform a complex scientific task by interleaving data access, querying, and manipulation, as well as analytical steps and computations in complex, problem specific ways. We show how our system is used by a geneticist for solving the problem of discovering the so-called "co-regulated" genes by interlinking data and computation from several Web sites, local computations, as well as local and remote databases. The main distinctive features of our system (compared, e.g., to the ZOO environment (Ioannidis et al., 1996)) include: (i) executable workflows run as Web services; (ii) abstract workflows employ concept names and semantic types that are higher-level (and thus more "scientist friendly") than executable workflows; and (iii) our system supports automatic translation of the latter into the former.


In this study, we accessed and estimated morphological characteristics of Vietnamese native wild boars ( Sus scrofa ) in Central Higlands. The Vietnamese native wild boars had compact body shape, compact abdorminal, long tail. The height of mature male wild boar was about 65-75 cm. The Vietnamese native wild boars had small head, long snout, small forearms and agility. The weight of mature male wild boar was about 80-100 kg. In nature, the wild boars were clustered in one group which contained 5-20 wild boars including immature wild boars, mature wild boars and aging wild boars. The mature age of The Vietnamese native wild boars was lower than other wild boars and domestic pigs that were breeding in Central Higlands. The native wild boar male were matured and able to mating at 8-10 months old. The mating season of native female wild boar was about from April to August. The mating season of wild boars in Central Highlands was at end of dry season and early rainy season. This explained for the reason why we could collect wild boars in nature at rainy season.


Every three years the generally quiet town of Charleville-Mezieres in the Ardennes region of France, gives itself over to an exciting festival of world puppetry. (1) Home of the Institut International de la Marionnette (International Institute of Puppetry), as well as France's own national school of puppetry, L'Ecole Nationale Superieure des Arts de la Marionnette (ESNAM), Charleville holds a special place in the hearts of puppeteers and puppet lovers across the globe, who have attended festivals there as far back as 1961, taken or offered workshops at the school, or pursued scholarly studies at the Institute's Centre de Recherches, which holds more than 6,000 books and 1,200 videos. The three-year hiatus between festivals, which some would like to shorten to two, helps build anticipation for what is perhaps the largest puppetry festival in the world. In September 2006, the festival offered more than 250 shows from more than forty countries as part of both its main program ("Programme In") and fringe ("Programme Off"), along with twelve exhibits on puppetry and an endless stream of street performers occupying every inch of open air space or perambulating around the city in striking costumes. With food stalls and puppet vendors set up along the main streets, stores and buildings throughout the town decorated with puppet figures, and nightly gatherings for beer, tartiflette (a local favorite dish), and free music at the festival's central locale, for ten days the town of Charleville fully immerses itself in its celebration of puppetry. A festival such as this gives Asian companies a chance to connect with European audiences outside of Europe's capital cities, as well as with accomplished puppeteers from around the world, contributing to the global dissemination and appreciation of puppetry techniques and traditions. While the festival was a success in many of these respects, Asian puppetry maintained a relatively low profile throughout the event. There were fairly few Asian offerings in Charleville, with most of the companies not surprisingly coming from France. However, the Asian companies that did come were mostly major troupes including both puppeteers and musicians. These performances were predominantly traditional forms, labeled "spectacle traditionnel" in the program. The Parc d'Exposition, located a ten-minute ride from the center of town, hosted consecutively the Theatre National des Marionnettes sur L'Eau (National Water Puppet Theatre) from Vietnam as well as the Joe Louis Theater from Thailand. The Vietnamese water puppets performed their usual fare, a series of vignettes about mythical animals and peasant life, to the accompaniment of live music and singing. Puppeteers hidden behind a screen, standing thigh-high in the pool of water that serves as the puppets' stage, operate the figures by means of long, submerged poles. Sliding through their watery setting, farmers plant rice, children swim, fishermen row their boats, and phoenixes and sea serpents dive and play, the latter spewing water and fire. This colorful performance was more or less identical to one at the Lincoln Center Festival in New York in 1996, and to those given regularly for tourists in Vietnam. In the large, overwhelming indoor space, with an audience of restless schoolchildren, who were given no introduction or explanation of the Vietnamese scenes, the event lacked some of the magic of the outdoor, moonlit version in New York's Damrosch Park, although the audience still oohed, aahed, and laughed at the puppets' sometimes surprising, sometimes comic feats. Since the Vietnamese water puppets were making a return visit to Charleville, many local and nearby residents, who make up the vast majority of the festival audience, had already seen the company per form. Posted far from the town's bustling center, this exquisite traditional art, so recently saved from extinction, sadly seemed submerged within the torrent of festival events. …


The aim of this study was to investigate the perception of women in the Southern Nations, Nationalities and People's Region (SNNPR), Ethiopia on using modern technology to enhance their productivity. To achieve this goal, survey design with quantitative method was employed. The primary source of the data was household women. They were selected by using stratified sampling. The data gathering tools were questionnaires, focus group discussions, and interviews. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that 73.2% of the study participants have been using modern technology in their day-to-day life. Additionally, over half of the women indicated that using modern technology has saved their time, increased their income from agriculture, and helped them to live a better life. However, 80% of respondents in Gamo Gofa and 76% in Bench Maji believed that modern technology had no effect in reducing environmental impact. 47.6% of the respondents believed that modern technology reduced cost. In Sidama and Silte zones, 74.5 and 74.88% respectively, of the study participants recognized as modern technology have brought change in their life. 61.83% believed that leading a better life as a result of using modern technology. On the other hand, in Basketo and Semenomo, 68 and 70% of women respectively had negative attitudes towards modern technology in saving their time. In Bench Maji zone, 77% of the respondents believed that modern technology never increased their income. Finally, to improve the existing negative perception of women towards modern technology in some areas of the region, feasible recommendations are made by showing directions to different stakeholders on how to solve the identified shortcomings.

 Key words: Women, agriculture, perception, modern technology.


The paper is concerned with the design of a class of bandwidth scheduling policies that are suitable for public, wide-area asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks. The authors specify design goals for such strategies including ease of implementation and the ability to guarantee minimum bandwidths to individual buffers. Packetized generalized processor sharing is briefly discussed and a minimum bandwidth result for self-clocked fair queueing is given. The authors revisit an approach originally proposed by Zhang (1991) and prove that it is appropriate for ATM. Some novel, related approaches are described and analyzed.


This article examines the characteristics and price dynamics of fallen angels during a three-year period around their downgrade date. Consistent with the implications of forced selling, we find that after their downgrade, fallen angels initially underperform high-yield bonds with similar characteristics but then experience a subsequent reversal lasting up to two years after the rating change. Moreover, the magnitude of price recovery by individual issuers tends to increase with the size of their initial underperformance. We attribute the results to the increased capital charges for holding high-yield bonds imposed on insurance companies and the formulation of current investment mandates that often require investors to dispose of their holdings immediately after the downgrade. We discuss the implications of our findings for traditional credit investors as well as for absolute return investors.


Over the past decades, obesity has become a rising health problem as the accessibility to high calorie, low nutritional value food has increased. Research shows that some bioactive components in fruits and vegetables, such as carotenoids, could contribute to the prevention and treatment of obesity. Some of these carotenoids are responsible for vitamin A production, a hormone-like vitamin with pleiotropic effects in mammals. Among these effects, vitamin A is a potent regulator of adipose tissue development, and is therefore important for obesity. This review focuses on the role of the provitamin A carotenoid β-carotene in human health, emphasizing the mechanisms by which this compound and its derivatives regulate adipocyte biology. It also discusses the physiological relevance of carotenoid accumulation, the implication of the carotenoid-cleaving enzymes, and the technical difficulties and considerations researchers must take when working with these bioactive molecules. Thanks to the broad spectrum of functions carotenoids have in modern nutrition and health, it is necessary to understand their benefits regarding to metabolic diseases such as obesity in order to evaluate their applicability to the medical and pharmaceutical fields.


INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Shared decision making (SDM) is a collaborative process between a patient and physician to arrive at a treatment decision. Decision aids (DA) are educational interventions to facilitate efficient SDM, but DAs must address patients' key concerns for effectiveness. Qualitative research helps to identify information required for high quality decisions, but such research is lacking in the study of nephrolithiasis. We therefore sought to perform a qualitative analysis of SDM in kidney stone patients. METHODS: Patients at an academic medical center who completed an existing decisional aid, WiserCare, participated in a 30-minute structured interview following their consult with a urologist. The interview consisted of 11 items that examined the patients' decision process. Interviews were transcribed and parsed into individual quotes. We then identified themes and assigned quotes to them utilizing the content analysis framework. Patients' final treatment decisions were compared to results from a decision analysis generated by the WiserCare DA, and differences in themes were identified between patients who made concordant and discordant treatment choices. RESULTS: 11 patients completed the decision aid and structured interview. The most important decision making factors highlighted by patients were the risk of complications (9), ability of treatment to make a patient stone free (9), recovery time (8), and deferring to physician recommendation (6). Patients' sources of information included physicians (9), prior experiences with stone disease (8), and family/friends (5). 7 patients identified prevention of future stone recurrence as a long-term goal. 5 patients chose treatments that were concordant with their preferences as identified by the DA and 6 chose treatment options that were discordant. Patients with concordant choices were more likely to identify relief of symptoms as a factor (5) and family and friends as a source of information (4). Patients with discordant choices were more likely to value stone free rates (5). CONCLUSIONS: Important elements in SDM for kidney stone management include the risk of treatment complications and receiving definitive treatment. Patients tend to rely on prior experiences and provider recommendation. These data can be used to improve our SDM program for kidney stone formers. Source of Funding: None


The cylinder-piston ring pair is one of the most important rubbing pairs of the internal combustion engine. The current studies showed that the micro geometry of friction surface morphology has a great effect on the performance. In this study, the terminological system of cylinder liner - piston ring was regarded as the object. The surface of each cylinder was treated with some pits and grooves. Then, the cylinder-piston ring experiments were implemented using a tester. The comparison analysis of vibration signals from diesel engine condition body surface and tribiological properties between conventional cylinder and a variety of surface treatment of cylinder was conducted. The effects of cylinder surface on diesel engine performance were investigated and some conclusions were obtained and presented in the paper.


Arterial injury is a rare complication of knee replacement. We present a delayed presentation which was proven with arteriography and successfully treated with embolisation rather than open surgery. In atypical clinical pictures of swelling and equivocal inflammatory markers, clinicians should consider the differential diagnosis of persistent arterial bleeding.


Abstract: The reef ecosystems of Morro de São Paulo are located in the Tinharé-Boipeba Environmental Preservation Area which was established in 1992 in the state of Bahia, Brazil. Despite this area has been created more than two decades ago, no study has provided knowledge on the invertebrate biodiversity associated with such reef ecosystems. The present investigation provides the first inventory of benthic mollusks associated with the reef ecosystems of Morro de São Paulo based on the collection of living specimens and fresh empty as well as some worn shells. Mollusks were sampled in January 2015 and August 2016 through intensive searches from the intertidal to shallow subtidal habitats of the reefs on three beaches of Morro de São Paulo. Taxonomic richness and biodiversity indices were analyzed. This rapid assessment of the malacofauna resulted in the determination of 84 species belonging to 44 families of gastropods as well as 13 species belonging to eight families of bivalves and one chiton (total: 98 species). Species richness was numerically dominated by members of the subclass Caenogastropoda. The families with the largest number of species were Ranellidae (5), Muricidae (6) and Marginellidae (7). Conus regius, Cypraecassis testiculus, Lobatus goliath, Strombus pugilis, Tonna galea, Turbinella laevigata and Vasum cassiforme are extremely vulnerable macrospecies in the region due to their commercial importance. Comparisons of the malacofauna composition between the study site and Abrolhos Bank were made from data published for this region. ACE and CHAO 1 estimated 133 mollusk species for the region. Despite the rapid assessment, the number of species discovered in the study area approached 73.6% of the estimated total number. The considerable number of mollusk species found in a relatively small area with insufficient sampling underscores the importance of the reef ecosystems of Morro de São Paulo as a one priority area for conservation on the coast of the state of Bahia, Brazil, for which the species richness of other invertebrate groups is virtually unknown.


The zero voltage and zero current switching dc-dc converter with active clamping technique is proposed. By adding a secondary active clamp and controlling the clamp switch moderately, ZVS (for leading leg switches) and ZCS (for lagging leg switches) are achieved without any lossy components, the reverse avalanche break down of leading-leg IGHTs or the saturable reactor in the primary. Many advantages including simple circuit topology, high efficiency, and low cost make the new converter attractive for high voltage and high power (> 10 kW) applications. The principle of operation is explained and analyzed. The features and design considerations of the new converter are also illustrated and verified on an 1.8 kW, 100 kHz IGBT based simulation circuit.


In 1952, a joint Indo-Australian team undertook one of the first genetic studies of the Chenchu people of southern India. Long thought of as one of the oldest populations on the subcontinent and a potential link between South Asian and Aboriginal Australian populations, the study hoped to illuminate the deeper demographic histories of both India and Australia. Coming as it did immediately on the heels of decolonization, it also signaled a new era of scientific collaborations after empire. But what exactly does "collaboration" entail? How far do agendas and imaginations actually cohere in such a "collaboration"? The various collaborating actors in the Chenchu project held very distinctive ideas and agendas. Keeping blood at the center, this article explores those distinctive "bloodworlds" that were mobilized in the course of the Chenchu study. The published text of the study was a potpourri of these different bloodworlds; equally important, however, was the bloodworld this potpourri could not accommodate: the bloodworlds of Chenchu wizards. Not a world engendered in some pure or isolated "tribal culture," but a magical bloodworld created through historical interactions with Shaivism and Shi'ism. This was a bloodworld eminently recognizable by the Chenchu themselves, but incapable of accommodation in the published study on them.
 This essay is part of a special issue entitled Pacific Biologies: How Humans Become Genetic, edited by Warwick Anderson and M. Susan Lindee.


The reliable reproducibility of nano patterns or other nano structures is one of many issues in the nano-imprint lithography process. An important prerequisite for reproducibility is suitable adhesion properties of adhesion promoters or anti-sticking layer. In this study, rhombus shaped symmetrical probe with a flat tip was developed and fabricated using MEMS fabrication technique. For the experimental setup of the adhesion test using a UV curable PAK01 resin coated AFM tip with several adhesion promoters, the flat tip is covered by PAK01 resist using micromanipulator. Anti-sticking layers of silane agents were prepared on the tip by vapor deposition method. Adhesion force between various adhesion promoters (GPTS, APMDS, APTS, DUV30J, O2 planairzation) and PAK01 resist and the force between anti-sticking layer (FOTS, DDMS) and PAK01 resist were evaluated using the force-distance mode of AFM. Adhesion force of GPTS and FOTS are about 7180 nN and 1660 nN, respectively.


This paper proposes a generic method for action recognition in uncontrolled videos. The idea is to use images collected from the Web to learn representations of actions and use this knowledge to automatically annotate actions in videos. Our approach is unsupervised in the sense that it requires no human intervention other than the text querying. Its benefits are two-fold: 1) we can improve retrieval of action images, and 2) we can collect a large generic database of action poses, which can then be used in tagging videos. We present experimental evidence that using action images collected from the Web, annotating actions is possible.


Using a magnetohydrodynamic simulation of magnetotail reconnection, flow bursts, and dipolarization, we further investigate the current diversion and energy flow and conversion associated with the substorm current wedge (SCW) or smaller‐scale wedgelets. Current diversion into both Region 1 (R1) and Region 2 (R2) sense systems is found to happen inside (that is, closer to the center of the flow burst) and equatorward of the R1 and R2 type field‐aligned currents. In contrast to earlier investigations the current diversion takes place in dipolarized fields extending all the way toward the equatorial plane. An additional FAC system with the signature of Region 0 (R0) (same sense as R2) is found at higher latitudes in taillike fields. The diversion into this system takes place in layers equatorward of the R0 currents but outside the equatorial plane. Whereas the diversion into R1 and R2 systems is pressure gradient dominated, the diversion into the R0 system is inertia dominated and may persist only during flow burst activity. While azimuthally diverging flows near the dipole contribute to the buildup of R1 and R2 systems, converging flows at larger distance contribute to the buildup of R0 and R1 systems. In contrast to the current diversion regions inside the current wedge, generator regions are found on the outside of the wedge, similar to earlier results. Within the tail domain covered, these regions are overpowered by load regions, such that additional generator regions must be expected closer to Earth, not covered by the present simulation.


The availability of information about the quantity and quality of forest resources is a crucial point in forest management and policy planning. The ownership of statistical investigations on forests have belonged for a long time to ISTAT, which is part of the National Statistical System. In time, other surveyors have been added to the system and, as a consequence, some investigations have been suspended or merged. The investigation concerning the logged area and the quantity of wood was one of the most important forestry statistics. It was made on a regional basis but, being based on administrative data, its accuracy has decreased because of different problems such as the undervaluation of logging and the decline of the response rate. This work is a contribution to this aspect and a further clarification of the role of forestry statistics in the next National Statistical Programme 2017-2019.


Through a series of Piezocone Penetration Test (CPTU) model tests with saturated clay soil, by CPTU probe penetrating soil stress measured by soil pressure mini-cells embedded into soil has been acquired, the variation rules of soil stress by penetrating has been analyzed, the results show that with probe close to the second cell layer, the stress measured by the cells has been increased rapidly; when probe has arrived at the position of the second cell layer, the maximum stress value has been attained; and with probe away from the second cell layer, the stress value has been decreased rapidly. Based on the achieved soil stress value, the axial and radial subsidiary stress field causing by penetrating has been acquired, the conclusions can be obtained that the main stress style of the axial subsidiary stress is compression stress, around the probe the highest stress field has been occurred; the stress style of the radial subsidiary stress is compression stress, this phenomenon shows that by penetrating the compaction effect of the soil around the probe has been created; during the course of penetrating, the radial subsidiary stress is less than the axial subsidiary stress obviously. The achieved result can provide a foundation for further study for CPTU mechanism.


This paper focuses on heterogeneous-register architectures with multiple data-memory banks. An evolutionary hybrid is introduced that combines evolutionary optimization strategies with tree techniques and list scheduling. It minimizes the execution time of the final code by jointly optimizing the schedule, selected instructions, allocated registers and data memory banks. The core of the proposed technique is a linear-time algorithm translating expression trees into optimal straight-line code segments. Topically, the proposed technique executes an order of magnitude faster than pure genetic implementations and achieves better results than with successively applied greedy techniques for the individual code generation steps. The proposed technique is well-suited to applications with stringent timing constraints.


The paper deals with global trends in energy consumption and renewable energy generation. Worldwide practices in financing of renewable energy production are analysed according to the following dimensions: sources of financing, types of used policy instruments, types of recipients (public or private) and types of financed technologies. The key factors that influence the investment attractiveness of renewable energy sources in the world are presented. Main obstacles impeding the utilisation of potential of renewable energy generation in Ukraine are pointed out from the standpoint of the global development trends, as the experience of economically developed countries are advised to be used for Ukraine. Conditions for investment activity in this field should be created (involving both domestic and foreign investments), stimulating state policy should be implemented, and an energy management based on the international experience should be developed. The problems of renewable energy sources in Ukraine are described, in particular, the presence of investment risk in terms of its components as general economic, legal and financial. In the most developed countries in terms of RES consumption direct public investment is a small proportion of total renewable energy financing, whereas private investment has the major share. A significant obstacle to the possibility of realizing such experience in Ukraine is the presence of investment risk, mainly caused by unstable political conditions (both internal and external). Energy management and monitoring activities of enterprises of various forms of ownership and branch affiliation should be introduced along with the necessity of attracting investments in renewable energy. It is expected that the results presented in this article may be useful for improving the renewable energy development policy both at the country level and at the level of a particular economic entity.


Introduction A significant number of adolescents suffer extensive and enduring difficulties such as social anxiety, body image dissatisfaction, low self-esteem and bullying as a result of conditions or injuries that affect their appearance (eg, craniofacial and skin conditions, treatment side effects and scarring). Evidence-based psychosocial interventions to meet their specific needs are currently lacking. YP Face IT, developed by the UK's Centre for Appearance Research in collaboration with clinical experts and young people, is an innovative online psychosocial intervention designed to offer this group immediate support, advice and coping strategies. It has been endorsed by young people, their parents/carers, GPs, clinical psychologists and health professionals working with those affected by appearance-related conditions. Methods and analysis Young people aged 12–17 with an appearance-altering condition/injury that self-identify as experiencing appearance-related distress, teasing or bullying will be invited to participate via GP practices and UK charities. Consenting participants will be randomised to the intervention (YP Face IT) or the treatment as usual (TAU) control group. Outcome measures will be completed by young people and their parents/carers at baseline, 13, 26 and 52 weeks. Primary outcome measures will be the Body Esteem Scale and the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents. Participants will complete other health-related outcome measures and resource use questionnaires for health economic analysis. We will assess recruitment rates, acceptability of the YP Face IT programme, adherence and retention to treatment, questionnaire completion rates, variation of TAU in Primary Care and the feasibility of GP practice staff supervising young people's use of YP Face IT. Ethics and dissemination This feasibility trial protocol (V.1, 3 March 2014), received a favourable ethical opinion from the NRES Committee South West-Frenchay (reference number 14/SW/0058). Findings will be disseminated through academic peer-reviewed publications, conferences and to participating GP practices and charities supporting those with conditions affecting appearance. Trial registration number ISRCTN40650639; Pre-results.


Purpose: To present the outcomes of prophylaxis of postoperative endophthalmitis following cataract surgery with intracameral Cefuroxime. Method: A retrospective study was done on 4281 eyes that underwent cataract surgery from October 2003 to September 2008. All patients underwent phacoemulsification cataract surgery. All cases received an injection of 0.1 ml intracameral Cefuroxime (1 mg) at the end of surgery except those patients allergic to penicillin and cephalosporin until September 2007 and thereafter only those with demonstrated allergy to cefuroxime. Results: The rate of postoperative endophthalmitis was 0.11% (5 cases). Four of them had a positive culture. We found no evidence of clinical ocular toxicity. Conclusions: Intracameral cefuroxime works very well for reducing the incidence of postoperative endophthalmitis. It appears safe to use and is easy to prepare (Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol 2009; 84: 85-90).


Objective. Assessment of the level of functional activity and concentration of neutrophil elastase (NE) in patients with bronchial asthma (BA). Methods. The study involved 58 children 5-16 years old with allergic (n=35) and mixed (n=23) forms of BA, 31 children 7-17 years old of the control group (without allergic pathology). During the study, the functional activity (using human granulocyte elastase substrate Glp-Pro-Val-pNA) and the concentration (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) of neutrophil elastase in the oral fluid were assessed. Results. In patients with mixed BA on admission to the hospital, no statistically significant correlation was found between functional activity and concentration of NE (r=-0,015, p>0,05). After the treatment, the ratio in the BA group (both forms of BA) approached that in the control group (BA: r=0,475, allergic BA r=0,502, mixed BA r=0,459; control group: r=0,507; p<0,05). Conclusion. Determination of the functional activity and quantitative level of NE with the subsequent assessment of the «proteolysis-antiproteolysis» system can be considered as a marker of the mixed form of BA and the effectiveness of various basic therapy of the disease.


With the growth of data-oriented research in humanities, a large number of research datasets have been created and published through web services. However, how to discover, integrate and reuse these distributed heterogeneous research datasets is a challenging task. Ontology is the soul between series digital humanities resources, which provides a good way for people to discover and understand these datasets. With the release of more and more linked open data and knowledge bases, a large number of ontologies have been produced at the same time. These ontologies have different publishing formats, consumption patterns, and interactions ways, which are not conductive to the user's understanding of the datasets and the reuse of the ontologies. The Ontology Service Center platform consists of Ontology Query Center and Ontology Validation Center, mainly using linked data and ontology-based technologies. The Ontology Query Center realizes the functions of ontology publishing, querying, data interaction and online browsing, while the Ontology Validation Center can verify the status of using certain ontologies in the linked datasets. The empirical part of the paper uses the Confucius portrait as an example of how OSC can be used in the semantic annotation of images. In a word, the purpose of this paper is to construct the applied ecology of ontology to promote the development of knowledge graphs and the spread of ontology.


When a disordered packed bed, or any heterogeneous media is studied using computational fluid dynamics, the tortuous task of generating a domain and creating a workable mesh presents a challenging issue to Engineers and Scientists. In this Thesis these challenges are addressed in the form of three studies in which both traditional and novel techniques are used to generate packed beds of spheres and cylinders for analysis using computational fluid dynamics, more specifically, the finite volume method. The first study uses a Monte-Carlo method to generate random particle locations for use with a traditional CADbased meshing approach. Computational studies are performed and compared in detail with experimental equivalent beds. In the second study, where there is a need for actual, physical beds to be studied, magnetic-resonance-imaging is used coupled with a novel approach known as image based meshing. In parallel experimental studies are performed on the experimental bed and compared with computational data. In the third study, to overcome fidelity issues with the previous approaches, a physical packed bed is manufactured which is 100% geometrically faithful to its computational counterpart to provide a direct comparison. All three computational studies have shown promising results in comparison with the experimental data described in this Thesis, with the data of Reichelt (1972) and the semi-empirical correlation of Eisfeld & Schnitzlein (2001). All experiments and computational models were carried out by the author unless otherwise stated.


Pilgrimage and religious tourism have become an integrated part of tourism industry. This is linked with the economic development and finding out new destinations. Tourism is deemed as an economic and social activity which benefits the local places and country by generating employment and income, improvement in tourism and allied sector infrastructure etc. Religion has long been an important motive for travel and pilgrimage journeys are often considered as the first form of organized tourism. Religious Tourism can be defined as travel with the core motive of experiencing religious forms, or the products they induce, like art, culture, traditions and architecture. So, modern religious tourism has also become a key driver of socio- economic development of a country.


Human activities often drive landscape degradation and the associated loss of value. This paper describes a method that, by integrating multiple factors, characterize landscape value to establish relevant and effective management practices. The new integrated method for landscape assessment (IMLA) is a four-step model that includes: (i) establishment of a general theoretical basis for sustainability relevant metrics; (ii) characterization of the landscape; (iii) landscape valuation; (iv) recommendations for landscape value management. Each step includes different interactive components of analysis. The new IMLA considers the potential range of values associated with each landscape unit and facilitates sustainable landscape management. The method is systematic and includes both inductive and deductive reasoning. Its articulation is represented in the conjunction and overlapping of all factors and variables considered. IMLA was tested in Santiago de Cuba Bay (Cuba) and used to determine five landscape scopes, eight first-order landscape units and 29 s-order units. It proved to be a useful tool to establish landscape values and sound management strategies. Application of IMLA in Cuba will help local authorities institute land-use plans and to establish decision-making processes that include valuation of cultural landscapes.


Abstract It is often necessary to dissect the subcutaneous tissues to confirm or exclude the presence of cutaneous bruising. We undertook a literature search that demonstrated that there is currently no standardized technique for subcutaneous dissection, and the specific incisions and dissections used probably vary between individual pathologists. It is our experience that dissections wider than the area of cutaneous bruising visible externally often reveal bruises not identified on external inspection. We propose a standardized technique for subcutaneous dissection of the upper limb that allows direct inspection of the subcutaneous tissues of the forearm and dorsum of the hand. We have evaluated this technique by comparing the number of bruises detected on external inspection with the number of bruises verified by subcutaneous dissection. Our study has shown a significant increase in the detection of bruises on subcutaneous dissection when compared with external inspection alone. One hundred sixteen forensic autopsies in which the technique was performed were included in our series. We recorded bruises seen on external examination alone and compared the number with additional bruises that were discovered on dissecting the upper limbs. In 49 cases (42%), the technique uncovered additional bruises that were missed on external examination alone.


To realize the exploration of wireless sensor network (WSN) based on cloud computing, the application service of WSN is taken as the starting point, the resource advantage of the cloud platform is used, and a WSN service framework based on cloud environment is proposed. Based on this framework, the problems of data management and reconstruction, network coverage optimization and monitoring, and edge recognition of holes are solved. In view of the node deployment of WSN and coverage problem of operation and maintenance optimization, the genetic algorithm is used to adjust the dormancy and energy state of nodes, and a parallel genetic algorithm for covering optimization in the cloud environment is proposed. For the operation and maintenance requirements of WSN, a parallel data statistics method for network monitoring is proposed. The experimental results show that the parallel algorithm is greatly improved in terms of the accuracy and time efficiency.


In this paper, fast, accurate, and simple analytic closed-form expressions are presented in order to calculate the quasi-TEM parameters of multilayer elliptical coplanar stripline (CPS), multilayer cylindrical CPS, and multilayer CPS, with finite dielectric dimensions by using conformal mapping techniques. The obtained computer-aided-design-oriented expressions are quite accurate and easy to apply in designing microwave integrated circuits and antenna applications. The results have also been compared with the ones of another conformal mapping method available in the literature and also confirmed analytically.


This research aims to obtain hematological database of healthy Sumatran orangutans (Pongo abelii) at the Sumatran Orangutan Quarantine Centre, in Batu Mbelin, Sibolangit, North Sumatra, Indonesia. This secondary data comes from hematological examination results in 52 healthy Sumatran orangutans in Batu Mbelin, from May 2003 to August 2010. This research used a factorial complete randomized design (CRD) that has two factors namely, gender as the first factor and age as the second factor. Data was analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results of ANOVA show that gender affects (P<0.05) on the value of mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) in Sumatran orangutans. Age influences (P<0.05) on the lymphocytes and monocytes Sumatran orangutans. The results of least significant different (LSD) test of the lymphocyte show that there are significant differences (P<0.05) between the lymphocyte value of infants and that of juveniles. The lymphocyte value of infant is also significantly different (P<0.05) that of adolescent. While the lymphocyte value of adolescent and juveniles are not significant different. The results of LSD test of the value of monocytes show that there is a very significant difference (P<0.01) between the monocyte value of infants and that of juveniles. Furthermore, the value of infant's and adolescent's monocytes is significantly different (P<0.05). However, the value of adolescent's and juvenile's monocytes does not show any influences. Interaction of sex influences on the red blood cell (RBC) of Sumatran orangutans whereas age do not influences on the RBC. The results of Duncan test show that there are significant differences (P<0.05) between the RBC values of adolescent female orangutans and adolescent male orangutans. Other hematological values do not show any effects on both gender and age


BACKGROUND
New vaccines against COVID-19 are being rolled out globally. AstraZeneca's vaccine ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 was not known to cause vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) at the time of this case.

CASE PRESENTATION
The patient was a previously healthy woman in her thirties with headaches that developed one week after vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. Three days later, her condition deteriorated rapidly, and she presented to the emergency department with slurred speech, uncoordinated movements and reduced consciousness. Symptoms progressed to left-sided hemiparesis and her level of consciousness deteriorated. Computed tomography (CT) of the head showed a large right-sided haemorrhage and incipient herniation. She was found to have severe thrombocytopenia 37 x 109/l, (ref 145 - 390 x 109/l). In spite of efforts to reduce intracranial pressure, the patient died the following day. Post mortem examination revealed antibodies to PF4, and fresh small thrombi were found in the transverse sinus, frontal lobe and pulmonary artery.

INTERPRETATION
Severe thrombocytopenia and antibodies to PF4 make a diagnosis of vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) likely.


Context. Since its launch in 2002, INTEGRAL has discovered many new hard X-ray sources. A lot of them still lack sufficient positional accuracy, for finding counterparts at other wavelengths. Their true nature is, therefore, still unknown. Aims. The goal of this study is to give an accurate X-ray position for 12 of these sources so as to further identify their counterpart at optical, infrared, and radio wavelengths, and to unveil their true nature. We also make use of the X-ray spectral parameters to tentatively distinguish between the various possible types. Methods. We made use of X-ray observations with the X-ray telescope on-board the Swift observatory to refine the X-ray position to 3–5 �� accuracy, and performed 0.1–10 keV spectral analysis. We then searched the online catalogues (e.g. NED, SIMBAD, 2MASS, 2MASX, and NVSS) to search for counterparts at other wavelengths. Results. For all sources, we give a refined X-ray position, provide X-ray spectral parameters, identify infrared counterparts, and give magnitudes at optical and ultra violet wavelengths seen with UVOT when observations are available. We confirm the nature of six sources formerly suspected to be AGN (IGR J02343+3229, J13149+4422, J14579−4308, J16385−2057, J18559+1535, J19378−0617). Our analysis first leads us to suggest that IGR J09523−6231 and IGR J10147−6354 are AGN. While the former has recently been confirmed as a Seyfert 1.5 AGN, we suggest the latter is a Seyfert 2. All other sources may be Galactic sources, in which case their spectral shape may suggest that they are X-ray binaries. In one case (IGR J19308+0530), the Galactic nature is confirmed through the identification of an F8 star as the counterpart. We favour a distance to the source not greater than 1 kpc. The source is likely to be a neutron star XRB or a CV. We also report the discovery of six serendipitous sources of unknown nature.


Abstract The history of classification of the tribe Bignonieae and its genera are reviewed as context for a comprehensive new genus-level classification of the tribe Bignonieae (Bignoniaceae, Lamiales). This new classification is based on a well-supported phylogeny based on multiple molecular markers from both chloroplast and nuclear DNA, a morphological survey, and a broad sampling of taxa. Genera are circumscribed here as clades that are well supported as monophyletic by molecular data and also recognizable by one or more morphological synapomorphies. Perianthomega Bureau ex Baill. is here transferred from Bignoniaceae tribe Tecomeae into Bignonieae, and 21 genera and a total of 393 species are recognized in Bignonieae: Adenocalymma Mart. ex Meisn. (82 species), Amphilophium Kunth (47), Anemopaegma Mart. ex Meisn. (45), Bignonia L. (28), Callichlamys Miq. (1), Cuspidaria DC. (19), Dolichandra Cham. (8), Fridericia Mart. (67), Lundia DC. (13), Manaosella J. C. Gomes (1), Mansoa DC. (12), Martinella Baill. (2), Neojobertia Baill. (2), Pachyptera DC. ex Meisn. (4), Perianthomega (1), Pleonotoma Miers (17), Pyrostegia C. Presl (2), Stizophyllum Miers (3), Tanaecium Sw. (17), Tynanthus Miers (15), and Xylophragma Sprague (7). Several genera are here circumscribed differently from previous classifications, in particular Memora Miers and Sampaiella J. C. Gomes are synonymized with Adenocalymma; Distictella Kuntze, Distictis Mart. ex Meisn., Glaziova Bureau, Pithecoctenium Mart. ex DC., and Urbanolophium Melch. are synonymized with Amphilophium; Cydista Miers, Clytostoma Miers ex Bureau, Macranthisiphon Bureau ex K. Schum., Mussatia Bureau ex Baill., Phryganocydia Mart. ex Bureau, Potamoganos Sandwith, Roentgenia Urb., and Saritaea Dugand are synonymized with Bignonia; Macfadyena A. DC., Melloa Bureau, and Parabignonia Bureau ex K. Schum. are synonymized with Dolichandra; Arrabidaea DC. is synonymized with Fridericia; Gardnerodoxa Sandwith is synonymized with Neojobertia; Leucocalantha Barb. Rodr. is synonymized with Pachyptera; and Ceratophytum Pittier, Periarrabidaea A. Samp., Paragonia Bureau, Pseudocatalpa A. H. Gentry, and Spathicalyx J. C. Gomes are synonymized with Tanaecium. The genera Adenocalymma, Amphilophium, Fridericia, Dolichandra, and Tanaecium are formally emended here as to diagnosis and circumscription. A natural key, complete morphological descriptions, and illustrations characterize the accepted genera, and full generic synonymy and a catalogue of their component species summarize their basic nomenclature and geographic range. Three new names are published: B. neouliginosa L. G. Lohmann replaces Phryganocydia uliginosa Dugand; B. neoheterophylla L. G. Lohmann replaces Cydista heterophylla Seibert; and Tanaecium neobrasiliense L. G. Lohmann replaces Sanhilaria brasiliensis Baill. Thirty-two generic names are newly synonymized, and 144 new nomenclatural combinations are made. A lectotype is designated for one genus, Periarrabidaea A. Samp., and 78 species names. One species name is neotypified, Memora campicola Pilg. (≡ Adenocalymma campicola (Pilg.) L. G. Lohmann).


We propose a scheme to remotely prepare a general two-particle entangled state by using a bipartite entangled state and a tripartite entangled W state as the quantum channel.Our scheme consists of one sender and two remote receivers.The sender can help either one of the receivers to remotely reconstruct the original state with the assistance of the other receiver's single-particle orthogonal measurement.We obtain the total success probability and discuss the classical communication cost in our remote state preparation scheme.


Dance has been used historically in museums in both exhibitions and public programmes. These events provide opportunities for museums to collaborate with performing arts institutions. Incorporating contemporary dance in New Zealand museums poses a number of challenges for both the dance company and for the museum; however it can provide a unique and rewarding visitor experience. There has been little research into the use of contemporary dance in the museum environment, or the practicalities of holding such events. The impact of dance performances on the museum visitor has also been neglected. This case study of a contemporary dance company performing in a New Zealand museum investigates the relationship between the two organisations and the impact the performance had on the visitor. Ten interviews were conducted with museum staff, dance company staff and one audience member. This case study provides insight into the relationship between the two institutions as well as the visitor experience. It was found that significant practical and financial barriers could potentially prevent both the dance company and the museum from holding dance events. Key areas of concern in organising this event were safety, communication and measuring the success of the event. A strong relationship between the institutions and open channels of communication between the staff involved allowed for practical solutions to these issues. The connection between the dance work and the museum exhibition space was questioned by visitors, who did not overtly see a link between the two despite the artistic intentions of the dance company. Nonetheless meaning was taken from the piece in less direct ways. Firstly, visitors generated meaning from the social aspects of their visit. Secondly, they found meaning in the physical environment of the museum.


The present study was undertaken to examine the feasibility of using tone pip stimuli rather than conventional clicks in brainstem evoked response (BER) audiometry. Trains of 2000-Hz tone pips, 4000-HZ tone pips or clicks were presented at seven intensity levels to six normal young adults. Results demonstrated that BERs can be readily elicited by tone pips. This latter finding may be attributable to the differences in stimulus rise times. Tone pips appear to introduce greater frequency specificity to BER audiometry without a marked loss in the ability to elicit the response.


Combustion products of burning vegetation can increase seed germination of many species of fire-prone plant communities. We tested the influence of heating sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt.) subcanopy soil, aqueous extracts of artificially burned soil, and sagebrush smoke on the emergence of several range plant species of the sagebrush-steppe. In addition, test seeds were exposed to sagebrush smoke and aqueous slurries of artificially burned sagebrush subcanopy soil to determine their effect on plant growth. As compared to the control, substrates previously heated from 250 to 750 degrees C significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) increased the emergence of Thurber's needlegrass [Achnatherum thurberianum (Piper) Barkworth] and needle-and-thread [Hesperostipa comata (Trin. &Rupr.) Barkworth]. Sagebrush smoke and aqueous slurries of artificially burned soil significantly increased the emergence of Sierra Nevada needlegrass [Achnatherum occidentalis (Thurber) Barkworth], Indian ricegrass [Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer &Schultes)Barkworth], and antelope bitterbrush [Purshia tridentata (Pursh) DC.]. Rates of new leaf production and leaf elongation following treatment of seeds with the smoke of burning sagebrush were significantly greater for cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.), basin wildrye [Leymus cinereus (Sribner &Merr.) A. Love], Idaho fescue (Festuca idahoensis Elmer ), Sierra Nevada needlegrass, and needle-and-thread as compared to the control. After 83 days of growth, smoke-treated seeds of basin wildrye and needle-and-thread produced significantly greater plant mass than their controls. Smoke treatment of certain seeds before sowing is potentially useful for range plant seedings.


GEOLOGY
The evidence for earliest life on Earth comes not from fossils but from shifts in the carbon isotopes of preserved and altered carbonate minerals or rocks. In younger rocks, possible isolated bacterial fossils have been described. The metabolism of these early fossils has been uncertain, and some have suggested that they resemble cyanobacteria, implying at least some oxygenic photosynthesis and a rapid and early evolution of this biochemical pathway. One of the earliest indicators of more widespread life is in 3.4-billion-year-old rocks in Australia that contain abundant layered carbonaceous matter interpreted to be fossil microbial photsynthetic mats.

Tice and Lowe have examined the geochemistry of these early mats in order to decipher their origin and likely metabolism. The reduced oxidation state of iron and trace elements, notably cerium, indicates that the water column was highly anoxic. Tice and Lowe argue that uranium mobility was controlled by carbonate, not by oxygen as has been proposed. Together these data imply that the mats represent anoxygenic photosynthesis and a metabolism based on hydrogen gas as the source of electrons. — BH

Geology 34 , 37 (2006).


This paper studies properties of the logic BV, which is an extension of
multiplicative linear logic (MLL) with a self-dual non-commutative operator. BV
is presented in the calculus of structures, a proof theoretic formalism that
supports deep inference, in which inference rules can be applied anywhere
inside logical expressions. The use of deep inference results in a simple
logical system for MLL extended with the self-dual non-commutative operator,
which has been to date not known to be expressible in sequent calculus. In this
paper, deep inference is shown to be crucial for the logic BV, that is, any
restriction on the ``depth'' of the inference rules of BV would result in a
strictly less expressive logical system.


The background of this research is still the lack of implementation of the utilization of infrastructure and the level of satisfaction of the existing infrastructure to the maximum to increase physical fitness and exercise. This study aims to determine the condition of the infrastructure and the level of satisfaction of learners towards infrastructure. This research is descriptive quantitative survey methods using instruments of observation sheets and questionnaires. Observation sheet distributed to target penjasorkes teachers in each school. The study population for the questionnaire amounted to 2,894 learners, whereas samples taken random cluster sampling of 178 students who constitute one class VIII class representatives from each school.
The results showed that the infrastructure conditions of physical education, sports and health in junior /equal se-Region Cisaat Sukabumi there are 5 junior / equal are included in the category of very ideal that SMPN 1 Cisaat, SMP Islam Al-Hidayah, MTs Yasti 1 Cisaat , Falaah Daarul SMP and SMP Islam Al-Anhar with a percentage of 100%, and there are quite ideal first category ie SMP PGRI Cisaat by percentage 53.12%. For infrastructure such as a playground / sports there are 2 junior / equal included in the category of very less percentage that is less than ideal SMPN 1 Cisaat with the percentage of 20,25% and SMP Daarul Falaah with the percentage 13,72%, for the category of less than ideal there are 2 junior / ie equal SMP Islam Al-Hidayah by 27% and MTs 1 Yasti Cisaat with a percentage of 23,95%, and there are quite ideal for category 2 junior / equal the SMP Islam Al-Anhar with a percentage of 41.6% and SMP PGRI Cisaat with the percentage of 45%.
The research of the level of satisfaction of learners towards infrastructure physical education, sports and health in junior / equal se-Cisaat Sukabumi shows that are in the category of Very Satisfied 16,8%, 38,8% Satisfied category, category Fairly Satisfied 26,3 %, category Dissatisfied 13%, and the category of Very Dissatisfied 5,3% of the total of 178 learners.


Abstract Large fluctuations in an artificial insemination sire's evaluations concern both dairymen and artificial insemination studs. Characteristics of three bulls with high initial values which dropped on later evaluations were compared with those of 17 "normal" bulls. Characteristics included genetic yield, management, genetic trend, environmental trend, and size of herds where daughters freshened, genetic merit of mates, and average age at freshening of daughters in first lactation. Evidence suggests that fluctuations are from preferential treatment of daughters of some sires as well as randomness inherent in methods of sampling and evaluating sires.


Because Newton's third law and Newton's second law proved to be wrong, then according to the new second law of motion and the new third law of motion, the new mechanics principle is produced, the most important and remarkable is, that the momentum is not conserved and the principle of energy is not conserved, it be found.