Present paper improves the dynamic properties of materials like mode shape natural frequency, fiber reinforced polymer compounds by which the material moist is studied with macro mechanical study by same micro mechanical study. For support of an engine, motor, pump or any other mechanical device must be used Structural elements. Here high damping and stiffness is not so easy for mechanical components over vibrated moist that depend on visco elastic nature of material for obtaining all categories of material combinations like damping rubber polymers. Present paper takes 2 compound plates that have a dimension of 140 X 170 mm. one which has a rubber sheet which has inserted in between two carbon fiber sheet layers and others who have only layers of carbon fiber. Modal analysis of two compound plates has performed in ANSYS 19 software to obtain mode shapes and respective natural frequencies of the structure.


EGYPT Rule of Experts: Egypt, Techno-Politics, Modernity, by Timothy Mitchell. Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA and London, UK: University of California Press, 1990. xiii + 303 pages. Notes to p. 380. Sel. bibl. to p. 401. Index to p. 413. $49.95 cloth; $14.95 paper. Rule of Experts is the most significant collection of essays by a single author to be produced in contemporary Middle East social science in a generation. There is no one writing today in the field more important than Mitchell. As was the case with his first book, Colonizing Egypt, this new one is apt to be the one book on Egypt that will be widely read and cited by scholars across area studies fields, disciplines, and places, from Paris to Delhi.1 Why will it? Because Mitchell uses his studies of Egypt to challenge us all to think harder, deeper, and more politically than we might want to about what we do when we do social science. It is "a book of political theory," he says, "but it sets forth a kind of theory that...avoids the method of abstraction from the particular that usually characterizes a work of theory. The theory lies in the complexity of the cases" (p. 8). Good, a reader of The Middle East Journal might think. Abstract academic theorizing seems increasingly divorced from "real world" concerns. Yet Mitchell's carefully crafted essays on Egyptian agriculture, irrigation, peasant studies, and development reform are aimed at uncovering the shaky foundations of this very object, the so-called real world. Taking off on the arguments and method first used in Colonizing Egypt, Mitchell shows Egypt's and by extension colonialism's centrality to the new, emerging disciplines of the social sciences. Each of these disciplines, in its own way, insists that an unseen logic underpins "social life" or the "historical process" akin to that unseen world to which we gain entry when we open the pages of a biology or physics text. Mitchell argues that the practices that become what we call the social sciences (from map-making, calculating, counting, and enumerating to econometrics), together with the putative founding fathers of fields like economics (men such as John Stuart Mill, Thomas Malthus, and John Maynard Keynes) are bound up with nineteenth and twentieth century colonialism in direct ways. Yet, the genealogical connection has been forgotten, as the social sciences have come to fix our understanding of "the logic of the market" or of "modernity" or other names given to "large patterns of social and political change" that supposedly "move" outwards from "the West. …


Most often, association rules are parameterized by lower bounds on their support and confidence, even though many other measures exist that evaluate the intensity of implication of a single association rule. We remain within the support-and-confidence framework in an attempt at studying a complementary notion, to be employed jointly with the standard bounds, which has the goal of measuring a relative form of objective novelty or surprisingness of each individual rule with respect to other rules that hold in the same dataset. To do this, we propose to measure the extent to which the confidence value is robust, taken relative to the confidences of logically stronger rules, as opposed to the absolute consideration of the single rule at hand. Consider a statement such as: "any dataset in which this first rule holds must obey also that second rule"; if the confidences are the same, the second rule becomes redundant. It may still be nonredundant, though, if its confidence is considerably higher than the confidence of the first rule, whereas, if these quantities are very similar, the second rule is not really contributing novel knowledge. We formalize and characterize this intuition, show how it can be computed reasonably efficiently, and study some of the properties of this parameter on two public datasets.


: Purpose: The main aim of this article is to present the development of innovation cooperation in the biopharmaceutical industry in the Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) region. Design/Methodology/Approach: The authors present the role of R&D Innovation Ecosystem in the biopharmaceutical industry in the improvement of patient care in Poland. The article presents the results of qualitative research – focus group interview with representatives of the "ECMO for Greater Poland" program within the research grant of the National Science Centre (Poland) entitled "Analysis of Open Innovation Alliances and Strategic Partnerships in the Biopharmaceutical Industry in Poland and CEE countries". Findings: The authors present their own observations, contributions to the creation process and successful "ECMO for Greater Poland" program development. Practical implications: It should be considered that nowadays due to pandemic COVID-19 the cooperation of all entities in the whole biopharmaceutical R&D innovation ecosystem is even more challenging and with high level of complexity. Originality/value: R&D cooperation between academia, institutions and business can significantly increase the likelihood of creating better medical therapy for patients.


Novelty Categorization Theory (NCT) attempts to predict when people perceive events as novel and how they process novel events across different domains. It is predicted that broad mental categories reduce the perception of an event being novel via inclusion processes, whereas narrow categories increase it via exclusion processes. Furthermore, based on a 'motive to know', when preparing for novel events, people broaden both perception and mental categories, because to understand novel information, it is essential to integrate it into pre-existing knowledge structures that are sufficiently broad. Over time, a 'when-novel-then-process-globally' routine develops that is automatically elicited when novelty is encountered. Self-protective motives can, however, counteract such processing styles so that threatening novelty leads to local processing. Relations to construal level theory and action identification theory and implications for future research are discussed.


The initial isomeric branching in the addition of hydroxyl radical to isoprene controls the distribution of first generation oxidative end products. Two of the four OH-isoprene radical isomers, formed from OH addition to the inner carbons, can undergo a cyclic isomerization pathway to produce α-hydroxy isoprene radicals. This chemical pathway, while well studied for analogous systems, has not been considered previously in the oxidation of isoprene. The hydrogen abstraction reaction is the exclusive pathway in the presence of molecular oxygen for α-hydroxy radicals and results in the formation of C5 aldehydes or ketones. In this paper the energetics of the isomerization reaction are studied using quantum chemical calculations, and the branching ratios among the isomers are determined using RRKM theory coupled with the master equation formalism.


Derived schema components are an important aspect of traditional semantic data modeling. In this paper, we address the issue of defining such schema constructs in the context of object-oriented database (OODB) part hierarchies. In particular, we present the concept of derived attribute defined with respect to value propagation across a part relationship between two object classes. Three different types of value propagation, namely, invariant, transformational, and cumulative, allow for a high degree of expressiveness in the definition of such derived attributes. We also present the notion of a generalized derived attribute, which may be defined in terms of simultaneous value propagations across many part relationships. The ambiguity problem of multiple value propagation in part hierarchies is solved by this latter construct, an analogue of which is not applicable in ordinary 00DB IS-A hierarchies. It allows for the representation of such common expressions as the weight of the whole is the sum of the weights of the parts. To complement the form al definitions, we present a graphical schema notation for the value propagation mechanisms and the accompanying derived attributes. Such notation provides a convenient means for the specification and communication of OODB part schemata.


[Name removed], a hospital dietary aide who suffered an occupational needlestick, may add a claim of "AIDS phobia" in a workers' compensation suit against her employer. The New York Supreme Court's Appellate Division ruled against the employer's contention that the 2-year statute of limitations in the Workers' Compensation Law should apply to psychiatric claims that result from occupational injuries. However, the original injury claim must be filed on time. [Name removed] previously had been awarded workers' compensation benefits because she lost use of her left hand. The ruling could be costly to employers, as psychological injuries are more difficult to verify with the passage of time.


This essay assesses W.E.B. Du Bois's response to Booker T. Washington based on the economic principles structuring public-intellectual intervention in social crisis. Arguing that public-intellectual work relies on ethos-driven rhetorical engagement that conflates the public intellectual and his conceptual intervention as a single product to be marketed, I recontextualize the debate between the two thinkers in order to account for the intersection of their discursive activities in terms of competing public-intellectual models. While Washington relied on a closed-market model that situated him as the spokesperson for an otherwise silent black community, Du Bois worked to create opportunity for deliberation among a number of black publics, and Du Bois's more democratically minded rhetorical modeling offers a version of public-intellectual work that resonates with the needs of the current moment.


Berries are highly valued crops due to their unique flavour, texture, colour and phytochemicals. They are rich in phenolic compounds which have been recognized as having beneficial health effects in humans. Phenolic compounds are present in the free, soluble ester and insoluble-bound forms; these were extracted using four different solvents {methanol–acetone–water (7:7:6, v/v/v), acetone-water (80: 20, v/v), methanol-water (70: 30, v/v), and water}. The insoluble-bound phenolics were procured after alkaline hydrolysis and subsequent extraction into diethyl ether-ethyl acetate. Phenolic extracts of each fraction were separately assayed for their antioxidant activity using several methods, namely oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), the reducing power capacity, as well as iron (II) chelation capacity, among others. There were significant differences in the total content of phenolics, flavonoids, and anthocyanins between blackberry, black raspberry, and blueberry seed meals. The bound phenolics contributed the highest proportion to the total contents of different classes of phenolics. Furthermore, blackberry seed meals had higher total antioxidant activity compared with black raspberry and blueberry seed meals in all assays employed. High-performance liquid chromatography−diode array detection−electrospray ionization multistage mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn) was used to identify and quantify the phenolic compounds. Hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids, anthocyanins, flavonols, flavan-3-ols, and proanthocyanidins were identified and quantified in the aforementioned fractions. Extracts were found to contain various levels of phenolic compounds that were specific to each berry seed meal type.


The thermal oxidation of aluminum nitride was developed as a means to study defects in bulk aluminum nitride crystals. The oxidation kinetics was established for the dry oxidation of highly textured AlN polycrystals produced by sublimation-recombination crystal growth in a tungsten furnace. Despite seeding on polycrystalline tungsten, the grains were predominantly [0001] oriented as verified by electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD). The oxidation rate is dependent on the crystal's orientation, polarity, stress, and surface condition, thus oxidation decorates grain boundaries, polishing scratches, and inversion domains by producing oxide layers of different thicknesses. Low temperature (800 °C) dry oxidation produced an amorphous oxide layer and generated a high density of defects (vacancies, stacking faults, and dislocations) in the nitride near the oxide/nitride interface, as observed by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy. In contrast, high temperature oxidation (1000 °C) produced a crystalline oxide layer, and left the nitride free of observable defects.


Small-diameter protacaval H-grafts, 10, 12, or 14 mm, were constructed in 29 cirrhotic patients with previous or active variceal hemorrhage. When 10 mm grafts were used in combination with portal collateral outflow ligation, varying degrees of prograde portal flow were maintained in 50% of the patients. When shunt size was greater, prograde flow was lost in more than 90%. The incidence of spontaneous postoperative encephalopathy was 11% in patients with prograde flow, compared with 50% in those with retrograde flow (p = 0.05). It is concluded that maintaining prograde portal flow after portacaval shunt is essential in minimizing postoperative encephalopathy. Prograde portal flow may be achieved in 50% of patients using 10 mm PTFE portacaval H-grafts combined with portal collateral ligation.


We discuss the total collision singularities of the gravitational N-body problem on shape space. Shape space is the relational configuration space of the system obtained by quotienting ordinary configuration space with respect to the similarity group of total translations, rotations, and scalings. For the zero-energy gravitating N-body system, the dynamics on shape space can be constructed explicitly and the points of total collision, which are the points of central configuration and zero shape momenta, can be analyzed in detail. It turns out that, even on shape space where scale is not part of the description, the equations of motion diverge at (and only at) the points of total collision. We construct and study the stratified total-collision manifold and show that, at the points of total collision on shape space, the singularity is essential. There is, thus, no way to evolve solutions through these points. This mirrors closely the big bang singularity of general relativity, where the homogeneous-but-not-isotropic cosmological model of Bianchi IX shows an essential singularity at the big bang. A simple modification of the general-relativistic model (the addition of a stiff matter field) changes the system into one whose shape-dynamical description allows for a deterministic evolution through the singularity. We suspect that, similarly, some modification of the dynamics would be required in order to regularize the total collision singularity of the N-body model.


Providing the best management for patients with bladder cancer relies on close cooperation among uro-oncologists and pathologists. The pathologist is involved in the diagnosis and assessment of prognostic and therapeutic factors in bladder biopsies, transurethral resection (TUR) and cystectomy specimens. The pathologist must report accurately the key features using terms that are well understood by clinicians. Adequate clinical information is important to pathologists in deciding the best approach in handling and processing the surgical specimens. A CONTEMPORARY UPDATE ON PATHOLOGY REPORTING FOR URINARY BLADDER CANCER


Twelve males with fragile-X syndrome between the ages of three and 28 years underwent assessment of thyroid function. All 12 subjects demonstrated normal baseline values for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxine, thyroid binding globulin (TBG), and estimated free thyroxine (EFT). Relative to a control group reported in the literature, however, the fragile-X subjects exhibited a blunted TSH response to thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH). This finding suggests the presence of subtle dysfunction within the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. Elevated baseline prolactin levels were also observed among the fragile-X subjects. These results support previous reports of hypothalamic-pituitary abnormalities among fragile-X syndrome males.


Myzus persicae Sulzer (Homoptera: Aphididae) is one of a major pest that attack red chili plants (Capsicum annuum L.). Farmers usually use a synthetic insecticides to controll Myzus persicae, which has many negative effects. One of the alternative controll that can be used to minimize the effect of synthetic insecticides is Piper aduncum L. which is formulated in powder. The research was conducted in Plant Pest Laboratory and Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Riau. Research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments are betel leaf powder 75 g/l of water with variation S0 (without storage), S1 (1 month storage), S2 (2 months storage), S3 (3 months storage). The results showed that the betel leaf powder without storage (S0) had better results than other treatments. This treatment has a fastest time of initial death 9.80 hours, LT 50 reach in 29.20 hours and total mortality 89%. Keywords: Capsicum annuum L., Myzus persicae Sulzer, Piper aduncum L.


This work examines how to train fair classifiers in settings where training labels are corrupted with random noise, and where the error rates of corruption depend both on the label class and on the membership function for a protected subgroup. Heterogeneous label noise models systematic biases towards particular groups when generating annotations. We begin by presenting analytical results which show that naively imposing parity constraints on demographic disparity measures, without accounting for heterogeneous and group-dependent error rates, can decrease both the accuracy and the fairness of the resulting classifier. Our experiments demonstrate these issues arise in practice as well. We address these problems by performing empirical risk minimization with carefully defined surrogate loss functions and surrogate constraints that help avoid the pitfalls introduced by heterogeneous label noise. We provide both theoretical and empirical justifications for the efficacy of our methods. We view our results as an important example of how imposing fairness on biased data sets without proper care can do at least as much harm as it does good.


The objective of this study was to estimate variance components and genetic parameters for accumulated 305-day milk yield (MY305) over multiple ages, from 24 to 120 months of age, applying random regression (RRM), repeatability (REP) and multi-trait (MT) models. A total of 4472 lactation records from 1882 buffaloes of the Murrah breed were utilized. The contemporary group (herd-year-calving season) and number of milkings (two levels) were considered as fixed effects in all models. For REP and RRM, additive genetic, permanent environmental and residual effects were included as random effects. MT considered the same random effects as did REP and RRM with the exception of permanent environmental effect. Residual variances were modeled by a step function with 1, 4, and 6 classes. The heritabilities estimated with RRM increased with age, ranging from 0.19 to 0.34, and were slightly higher than that obtained with the REP model. For the MT model, heritability estimates ranged from 0.20 (37 months of age) to 0.32 (94 months of age). The genetic correlation estimates for MY305 obtained by RRM (L23.res4) and MT models were very similar, and varied from 0.77 to 0.99 and from 0.77 to 0.99, respectively. The rank correlation between breeding values for MY305 at different ages predicted by REP, MT, and RRM were high. It seems that a linear and quadratic Legendre polynomial to model the additive genetic and animal permanent environmental effects, respectively, may be sufficient to explain more parsimoniously the changes in MY305 genetic variation with age.


Aukema, B. H., Carroll, A. L., Zhu, J., Raffa, K. F., Sickley, T. A. and Taylor, S. W. 2006. Landscape level analysis of mountain pine beetle in British Columbia, Canada: spatiotemporal developments and spatial synchrony within the present outbreak. � Ecography 29: 427 � 441. Eruptive herbivores can exert profound landscape level influences. For example, the ongoing mountain pine beetle outbreak in British Columbia, Canada, has resulted in mortality of mature lodgepole pine over � /7 million ha. Analysis of the spatiotemporal pattern of spread can lend insights into the processes initiating and/or sustaining such phenomena. We present a landscape level analysis of the development of the current outbreak. Aerial survey assessments of tree mortality, projected onto discrete 12� /12 km cells, were used as a proxy for insect population density. We examined whether the outbreak potentially originated from an epicenter and spread, or whether multiple localized populations erupted simultaneously at spatially disjunct locations. An aspatial cluster analysis of time series from 1990 to 2003 revealed four distinct time series patterns. Each time series demonstrated a general progression of increasing mountain pine beetle populations. Plotting the geographical locations of each temporal pattern revealed that the outbreak occurred first in an area of westcentral British Columbia, and then in an area to the east. The plot further revealed many localized infestations erupted in geographically disjunct areas, especially in the southern portion of the province. Autologistic regression analyses indicated a significant, positive association between areas where the outbreak first occurred and conservation lands. For example, the delineated area of west-central British Columbia is comprised of three conservation parks and adjacent working forest. We further examined how population synchrony declines with distance at different population levels. Examination of the spatial dependence of temporal synchrony in population fluctuations during early, incipient years (i.e. 1990 � 1996) suggested that outbreaking mountain pine beetle populations are largely independent at scales � /200 km during non-epidemic periods. However, during epidemic years (i.e. 1999 � 2003), populations were clearly synchronous across the entire province, even at distances of up to 900 km. The epicentral pattern of population development can be used to identify and prioritize adjacent landscape units for both reactive and proactive management strategies intended to minimize mountain pine beetle impacts.


By invoking Debye potentials, we formulate exact eigenvalue equations and the corresponding field distributions for general, three-layered, radially stratified, dielectric, and nonferromagnetic metal, optical fibers. By using cross products of Bessel functions, which may be regarded as the basic functional elements of the eigenvalue equations, a comparison is made between the properties of a three-layer structure and a simple step-index profile, and a simple graphical solution is obtained. The technique is applied to several practical structures, including two-layer fibers having a central index depression in the core, ring-core fibers, W fibers, and progressively stepped three-layered structures. The mathematical procedure is simple, and the results are of interest to optical fiber designers.


The role of physical education in promoting health and producing a 'healthy nation' has been
increasingly recognised in recent years (Stratton, Fairclough and Ridgers, 2008; Cale and
Harris, 2005; Shephard and Trudeau, 2000). Indeed, physical education has been viewed as the
most suitable vehicle for the promotion of healthy, active lifestyles among young people
(Shephard and Trudeau; 2000) and contributing to public health via promoting healthenhancing
lifestyles and increasing physical activity has been seen to be one, if not the most
important, objectives of the subject (e.g. Fairclough and Stratton, 2005; Fox, Cooper and
McKenna, 2004; Cardon and Bourdeaudhuij, 2002; Green, 2002; Shephard and Trudeau 2000).
Furthermore, a number of Government policies and initiatives in England over the past decade
have identified physical education to be instrumental in providing opportunities for young
people to improve their health. A few notable examples include 'Game Plan' (Department for
Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS, 2002), 'Every Child Matters' (Department for Education
and Skills (DfES, 2004), 'Healthy Weight, Healthy Lives' (Department of Health and
Department for Children, Schools and Families (DoH/DCSF, 2008), and 'Healthy Lives,
Healthy People' (DoH, 2010).
This chapter focuses on physical education and health and highlights some of the key
considerations and commonly debated issues associated with the area of health within the
physical education curriculum. Firstly, physical education's contribution to health and
addressing obesity are considered and then issues including the place, expression, organisation,
content and delivery of health within the curriculum are explored.


For the first time, we find kyanite-topazite which is similar to the white schist from abroad, in aiangsu, Anhui, Henan of China. Because of intercontinental obduction and collision, the kyanite-topazite is formed from the superhigh-pressure metamorphism of sedimentary rock in continental crust, at the depth of mantle. Kyanite-topazite runs parallel to blue schist, eclogite and constitutes the high-pressure metamorphic belt in Central China. Its original rocks are a set of sedimentary rock series which is mainly composed of marginal shallow marine facies to continental facies pelitic to magnesium carbonatite, both rocks exist in Precambrian Middle-Upper Proterozoic metamorphic strata.


Many prototype projects aspire to develop a sustainable model of immersive radiological volume visualization for virtual anatomic education. Some have focused on distributed or parallel architectures. However, very few, if any others, have combined multi-location, multi-directional, multi-stream sharing of video, audio, desktop applications, and parallel stereo volume rendering, to converge on an open, globally scalable, and inexpensive collaborative architecture and implementation method for anatomic teaching using radiological volumes. We have focused our efforts on bringing this all together for several years. We outline here the technology we're making available to the open source community and a system implementation suggestion for how to create global immersive virtual anatomy classrooms. With the releases of Access Grid 3.1 and our parallel stereo volume rendering code, inexpensive globally scalable technology is available to enable collaborative volume visualization upon an award-winning framework. Based upon these technologies, immersive virtual anatomy classrooms that share educational or clinical principles can be constructed with the setup described with moderate technological expertise and global scalability.


Behaviour can be conceptualized as the product of interaction between attitudinal and contextual factors. While there are studies focusing on either one of these determinants, research into the interaction between them is still scarce. This article aims to address this gap by exploring the interplay between consumers' attitudes and the context of apparel shopping. The theoretical framework of the study is based on goal-framing theory. Interviews with young consumers about their shopping experiences as well as their views on fashion stores' sustainability initiatives and communication are combined with observations in fashion stores. As a result, three patterns of the interplay between attitudes and context have been identified. The first pattern, extreme and sceptical, includes those who either strongly dislike or greatly enjoy shopping and tend to view sustainability communication in fashion stores negatively. People who are more ambivalent about apparel shopping and may respond positively to in-store sustainability communication make up the second pattern, ambivalent and favourably disposed. The third pattern, susceptible and concerned, comprises individuals who strive to reduce their apparel consumption and therefore are more prone to associate shopping with guilt and regret. They may welcome more sustainability communication in fashion stores but can be suspicious of the brands' motives behind it. The findings indicate that some customers may construe the presence of sustainability communication in the store as an attempt to shift responsibility for environmental issues to consumers. Hence, apparel brands should try to communicate more clearly how they see their role in tackling environmental issues.


The objective of this research was to investigate experimentally the removal the dyestuff from dyeing textile industrial wastewater by photosensitization process, for reusing it in the same industry or for domestic purpose and/ or irrigation. In this study, the photocatalytic decolorization of two collected samples of real and one prepared simulated textile industrial wastewater using titanium dioxide and zinc oxide were examined under natural weathering conditions. The effect of various operational parameters such as catalyst mass, type of catalyst, type of reactor, type of dye, dye concentration, and temperature were investigated. Photolysis and photocatalytic treatments were carried out over a suspension of titanium dioxide or zinc oxide under solar irradiation. The progress of treatment stages was followed spectrophoto- metrically at different wavelength. Under optimal conditions, the extent of decolorization was 100% after different periods of time ranging from 10 to 100 minutes. The decolorization percentages differ with the difference in type of dye used in textile industry. The results indicate clearly that titanium dioxide and zinc oxide could be used efficiently in photocatalytic treatments of textile industrial wastewater. However, the activity fell in the sequence: ZnO > TiO2 (Anatase) > TiO2 (Rutile) Decolorization of real and simulated textile industrial wastewater without light and without catalyst was performed to demonstrate that decolorization of the dye depends on the presence of light and catalyst, both.


Abstract Households, communities, and society exist in a mutually constituting relationship, shaping and being shaped by one another. Daily life within households can have political dimensions and affect societal organization. Research at the Maya farming community of Chan in Belize demonstrates how households shaped their lives, history, and politics for 2,000 years (800 b.c.–a.d. 1200). We examine the households of Chan's leaders and the social, economic, political, and religious relationships between leading households and other households across the community to show how novel forms of political practice arose through household interaction. Community leaders and households across the community developed community-focused ritual practices and group-oriented social, economic, ideological, and political strategies that were critical in the development of their community, were distinctive from normative individual-focused political practices of the Classic Maya kings, and may have influenced the later development of more diverse political strategies in the Maya area in the Postclassic period.


PURPOSE
To analyze the characteristics of publications of Shanghai Journal of Stomatology (SJS) between 2001 and 2005.

METHODS
By use of literature metrology, a comprehensive analysis of the publications of Shanghai Journal of Stomatology from 2001 to 2005 was made.

RESULTS
The number of articles published from 2001 to 2005 in Shanghai Journal of Stomatology was 208, the authors were from 4 countries and 23 states or provinces. The cooperative articles accounted for 90.40%, and the average paper author cooperating degree was 3.46. Authors with middle and high professional positions accounted for 90.93%. Authors with doctorate degree and master degree accounted for 72.59%, the average cited references were 8.11, with references from English literatures accounting for 65.28%.

CONCLUSIONS
Shanghai Journal of Stomatology is one of the most important information sources on stomatology.


FormerFormer general practitioner Kensington (b 1925; q St Thomas' Hospital, London, 1952; MA), d 1 April 2004.

Figure 1

Robert was an unusual but successful general practitioner. He studied history at Cambridge and left to join the army in 1943, serving in Europe in the Welsh Guards. Demobbed in 1945, he completed his degree and started further study in music. But times being hard, he took parental advice and qualified at St Thomas' in 1952. After residencies he settled in Kensington for the next 30 years, developing a special interest in mothers and children. He also established a wide range of outside interests, including writing two published novels and medical works, one on depression. In the 1960s he joined the Institute of Directors' medical screening unit. He leaves a wife, Elizabeth.


We used 'selfies', self-portraits taken with a hand-held smartphone camera, to test three known principles of photographic composition: The rule of thirds, the golden ratio rule, and the eye centering principle. Although they are often taught and discussed, the origin of these principles remains unclear. It is possible that they stem from constraints on human perceptual processes. Alternatively, these principles might serve more practical purposes, such as forcing photographers to explore all quadrants of the image. Selfies provide an ideal test bed for these questions due to the control they give self-photographers when they compose the photograph. We used a database of images created by non-professional photographers (N = 388). After analysis, we conclude that there little support for any of the three principles, suggesting that none is strongly rooted in spontaneous perceptual


Research and Travel Abroad are considered two important high impact practices for undergraduate students, but are seen as separate learning opportunities. However, we know that these experiences are connected: faculty often study and collaborate internationally, and employers are seeking students who can apply knowledge to real-world problems and have cultural competency (Hart Research Associates, 2015).  In this conversation with faculty, I build on five years of Students as Scholars experience to promote a more nuanced and integrated view of "global" research. Students work on projects that usually fall into one of three categories: locally/regionally-focused, internationally-focused, and site-independent (with implicit global value). The location of the research can be at Mason, or in an international location. By framing the scholarly projects using this intersection of topic and location, we can create projects in and beyond the classroom in ways that intentionally teach about global issues through inquiry and research.  During this session, after presenting the model, participants will brainstorm ways to integrate global perspectives in research courses, study abroad experiences, and scholarly projects that involve students. Hart Research Associates (2015) Falling Short? College Learning and Career Success . Washington, DC: Association of American Colleges and Universities. Retrieved from https://www.aacu.org/leap/public-opinion-research/2015-survey-falling-short


ABSTRACT Background: To evaluate diurnal variations in macular schisis cavities in patients with X-linked juvenile retinoschisis (XLRS) with pathogenic variants in the RS1 gene using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods: Three consecutive patients with a clinical diagnosis of XLRS and pathogenic variants in the RS1, treated with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs). Observational procedures: SD-OCT scans of the macula were acquired at 9 a.m., 1 p.m., and 4 p.m. within 24 h. Results: All patients demonstrated increased measures of central foveal thickness in the morning with gradual decrease through the day (9–43%). Major changes were observed between 9 a.m. and 1 p.m. in the central foveal thickness. Conclusion: The central foveal thickness varies during daytime hours in patients with XLRS. This finding may explain the inconsistent and heterogeneous responses to treatment with CAIs and necessitate standardization of measurement times in treatment trials for XLRS as well as in the routine ophthalmic evaluation of these patients.


Long‐term potentiation (LTP), a form of synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, is a cellular model for the neural basis of learning and memory, but few studies have investigated the contribution of long‐term depression (LTD), a counterpart of LTP. To address the possible relationship between hippocampal LTD and spatial performance, the spatial cognitive ability of a rat was assessed in a spontaneous alternation test and, thereafter, LTD in response to low‐frequency burst stimulation (LFBS) was monitored in the dentate gyrus of the same rat under anaesthesia. To enhance a divergence in the ability for spatial performance, some of the animals received fimbria–fornix (FF) transection 14 days before the experiments. LTD was reliably induced by application of LFBS to the medial perforant path of intact rats, while no apparent LTD was elicited in rats with FF lesions. The behavioural parameters of spatial memory showed a significant correlation with the magnitude of LTD. We found no evidence that the cognitive ability correlated with other electrophysiological parameters, e.g. basal synaptic responses, stimulus intensity to produce half‐maximal responses, paired‐pulse facilitation or paired‐pulse depression. These results suggest that the magnitude of LTD in the dentate gyrus serves as a reliable index of spatial cognitive ability, providing insights into the functional significance of hippocampal LTD.


The drug metyrapone in the presence of glucocorticoid has been shown to induce the expression of rat hepatic cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 1A1 mRNA in vivo and in vitro through disruption of endogenous CYP1A1 regulator homeostasis and without either compound's binding to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Addition of metyrapone to human liver cancer cell cultures, with or without dexamethasone, did not induce CYP1A1 mRNA, in contrast to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligand b-naphthoflavone. Addition of metyrapone to primary cultures of human hepatocytes also failed to induce detectable levels of CYP1A1 mRNA or CYP1A protein in two separate preparations, whereas the treatment with 2,3,7,8tetrachlorodibenzo-r-dioxin or omeprazole induced detectable levels of CYP1A1 mRNA in one preparation and CYP1A protein in both preparations. Addition of metyrapone to human hepatocyte cultures resulted in the induction of CYP3A4 expression. The pregnane X receptor (PXR), which has recently been shown to mediate the transcriptional induction of CYP3A4 expression in response to rifampicin, was activated by metyrapone in CV-1 cells transiently cotransfected with an expression vector encoding the human PXR and a reporter construct containing the everted repeat sequence that confers CYP3A4 induction responsiveness to inducers within its promoter. Metyrapone activated the human PXR at concentrations that also resulted in the induction of CYP3A4 in human cultured hepatocytes. Metyrapone treatment is therefore unlikely to result in the induction of CYP1A1 but may induce the expression of


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We have completed a clinical trial evaluating the safety of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) infusion in adult patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) at disease baseline ([NCT01800526][2]). This trial was inspired by the hypothesis that von Willebrand factor (VWF) has an important role in the pathophysiology of vaso-occlusion and hemolysis in SCD and that NAC can reduce signs and symptoms of the disease by reducing the activity of VWF. A secondary hypothesis was that NAC could also act by reversing or preventing some of the oxidative changes associated with SCD.

VWF is stored in the Weibel-Palade bodies of endothelial cells and α-granules of platelets and released from endothelial cells upon activation and mediates the attachment of platelets to the vessel wall, and secondarily, of erythrocytes and leukocytes. We previously showed that VWF levels and adhesive activity in SCD plasma were elevated and that total active VWF correlated with the extent of hemolysis (determined by plasma LDH levels), suggesting that VWF participates in the pathophysiology of SCD (Chen et al, Blood. 2011; 117:3680‐3). In another study, we showed that NAC was able to reduce VWF multimer size and platelet-binding activity ex vivo in human plasma and in vivo in mice (Chen et al, JCI, 2011, 121:522).

In this clinical trial, we enrolled 5 subjects at disease baseline, 4 with SCD and 1 with sickle trait. All subjects received two high-dose NAC infusions: initially 150 mg/kg and 4 weeks later 300 mg/kg. NAC infusion was administered in subjects 1 and 2 as a bolus infusion of half of the dose in the 1sthour and the remaining half in 7 hr. Subjects 3-5 received NAC as constant infusion for 8 hr. Blood was collected immediately before infusion, during infusion (at 1 and 4 hr), immediately after infusion (8 hr), and 24 and 72 hr after infusion. We examined blood for red blood cell (RBC) fragments, dense cells, platelet activation status, platelet-monocyte complexes and the concentrations of reduced and oxidized glutathione. We also examined plasma for VWF concentration and multimer distribution, ADAMTS13 antigen and activity, and evaluated plasma redox status by measuring the concentrations of NAC and cysteine in their reduced, oxidized, and mixed disulfide forms, as well as the concentration of protein-bound cysteine. The small molecule thiols were measured by mass spectrometry.

Results: 1) All subjects tolerated NAC infusion well, except that subjects 1 and 2 experienced pruritus during the bolus infusion at the 300 mg/kg dose. We therefore changed the protocol to deliver the drug over 8 hr by continuous infusion for subjects 3 through 5. 2) During NAC infusion, the percentage of dense cells and concentration of RBC fragments decreased rapidly (average decrease: low dose 44%; high dose 31%) and the change persisted up to 72 hr. 3) Platelet activation also decreased, as determined by reduced P-selectin expression (low dose, 7.7 ± 0.7% to 5.0 ± 1.9%; high dose, 17.8 ± 0.07% to 7.3% ± 0.4), PAC-1 binding (evaluates activated αΙΙbβ3), and formation of platelet-monocyte complexes (monocytes with attached platelets: low dose, 52 ± 16% to 27 ± 12%; high dose, 77 ± 12% to 50 ± 17%). 4) The highest molecular weight VWF multimers transiently disappeared during the NAC infusion and recovered by 24 hr. There were no appreciable changes in VWF antigen or ADAMTS13 antigen or activity with NAC infusion. 5) With NAC infusion, the concentrations of Cys and NAC increased in plasma, both total and reduced forms, with a concomitant decrease in protein-bound Cys in the one patient studied (free thiol Cys increased 23 fold with the high dose infusion at 8 hr; protein-bound Cys decreased 87%). Similarly, the concentrations of reduced and oxidized glutathione increased in whole blood.

Summary: NAC infusion in SCD patients at disease baseline appears safe and is well tolerated. NAC infusion decreases RBC fragments, dense cells, and the size of large VWF multimers, and inhibits platelet activation and formation of platelet-monocyte complexes. In addition, NAC infusion increases the total and free-thiol concentrations of cysteine and glutathione in blood, relieving oxidative stress in SCD. Our data suggest that NAC may be of benefit for SCD patients during vaso-occlusive crisis through a variety of mechanisms, which include improvements in red cell parameters, decreased platelet adhesion, reduced adhesive activity of VWF, and protection against oxidative damage.

Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Purpose: The aim of the present paper is to examine high skilled Generation Y employee retention in knowledge-intensive services by focusing on various effects of high-performance work systems (HPWS), change management practices and employee engagement. Design/Methodology/Approach: A research model is proposed which investigates the causal effects between the above factors. Data were collected from 499 employees in six European countries who are between 21 and 40 years old with at least a higher education degree. Findings: Empirical findings revealed that high-performance work systems and change management practices have a direct positive impact on the engagement of highly skilled employees that belong to Generation Y, which in turn influences their intention to stay in the same company. Moreover, the impact of HRM on turnover intention is both direct and indirect (mediated through employee engagement). The negative impact of high-performance work systems on turnover intention was also highlighted by the empirical results. Finally, the significant mediating role of employee engagement is underlined, since it mediates the impact of high-performance work systems and change management practices on turnover intention. Practical Implications: HR professionals in knowledge-intensive services should take into consideration that they can effectively retain their high skilled 'Generation Y' employees by enhancing their abilities, increasing their motivation, and providing them with opportunities to participate in the decision-making process while at the same time support them with managing change. Originality/value: : A central issue in this line of research refers to the limited empirical examination regarding talented employees in knowledge-intensive services, mainly in European countries.


In the mammalian brain, four neurotrophins have been identified: nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) and neurotrophin-4/5 (NT-4/5). NGF exerts an important role in the development and functions of the central and peripheral nervous system. However, it has recently been documented that several types of immune cells, such as mast cells, lymphocytes, basophils and eosinophils, produce, store and release NGF. Accumulating preclinical and clinical data indicate that dysfunctions of NGF and the other neurotrophins may contribute to impaired immune responses and concentration of NGF frequently correlates with disease severity. Thus, the aim of this study was to elucidate the potential signaling mechanisms of cytokineneurotrophins interactions contributing to increased NGF levels. Our data show that the transcription factor NF-κB plays a pivotal role in regulating B-cell-derived NGF expression. Cellular & Molecular Immunology. 2006;3(1):63-66.


The article deals with the process of updating the content and methods of technological training. The latter aims to form pupils' skills of independent creativity and educational and handicraft activities, which act as the means of improving education quality. The international relevance of the article lies in the objectification of Ukraine's experience, which can be used in the post-Soviet countries, given that these countries follow conservative principles in planning and implementing educational content. The article proves that the effectiveness of developing pupils' experience of independent creativity during handicraft and technology lessons is determined by the following organizational and methodological conditions: comprehending the need for independent creativity; developing pupils' positive motivation towards independent creative handicraft and technology activities; improving educational and methodological support; using innovative pedagogical technologies and information and communication technologies. The article summarizes research findings of certain Ukrainian and foreign researchers, which adds up to the generalized contribution of its authors.


Land use/land cover (LULC) and climate changes could affect water quantity and quality and thus hydrologic ecosystem services (ES). However, studies of these impacts on hydrologic ES are limited by the current methods and techniques. We attempted to find out how the LULC and climate changes impact hydrologic ES at different temporal scales so that decision-makers can easily understand hydrologic ES variations for guiding management plans. In this study, we analyzed the impacts of LULC and climate changes on hydrologic ES in the Milwaukee River basin, USA with a conceptual modeling framework for hydrologic ES. The model framework was applied to a series of climate and urban expansion scenarios. Two hydrologic responses (streamflow and sediment) and three hydrologic ES (water provision index (WPI), flood regulation index (FRI), and sediment regulation index (SRI)) were calculated. Major findings include: (1) Climate change has much larger impacts than LULC at the monthly scale. For example, the impacts of climate change on streamflow were −6 to 9 m3/s whereas those of LULC change were −0.4 to 0.2 m3/s. Also, WPI (ranging from 0 to 1) changed between −0.16 and 0.07 with climate change but between −0.02 and −0.001 with LULC changes. (2) Compared to changes at the annual scale, the results show much larger variabilities as monthly time-series and mean monthly numbers. These findings suggest that the climate change weighs more than the realistic LULC change in term of impacts on hydrologic ES and those impacts can be identified with results at the monthly temporal scale. This approach with the framework and scenarios can better support management planning for decision-makers with detailed results and temporal precision.


Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is the most common genetic form of intellectual disability caused by a CGG repeat expansion in the 5'-UTR of the Fragile X mental retardation gene FMR1, triggering epigenetic silencing and the subsequent absence of the protein, FMRP. Reactivation of FMR1 represents an attractive therapeutic strategy targeting the genetic root cause of FXS. However, largely missing in the FXS field is an understanding of how much FMR1 reactivation is required to rescue FMRP-dependent mutant phenotypes. Here, we utilize FXS patient derived excitatory neurons to model FXS in vitro and confirm that the absence of FMRP leads to neuronal hyperactivity. We further determined the levels of FMRP and the percentage of FMRP positive cells necessary to correct this phenotype utilizing a mixed and mosaic neuronal culture system and a combination of CRISPR, antisense and expression technologies to titrate FMRP in FXS and WT neurons. Our data demonstrate that restoration of greater than 5% of overall FMRP expression levels or greater than 20% FMRP expressing neurons in a mosaic pattern is sufficient to normalize a FMRP-dependent, hyperactive phenotype in FXS iPSC-derived neurons. Highlights CRISPR gene editing to generate FMRP KO and CGG-deleted isogenic iPSCs MEA as an approach to identify FMR1 dependent phenotype in NGN2 neurons derived from FXS and FMRP KO iPSCs Cell mixing paradigm as mosaicism in a dish to rescue phenotype Minimal level of FMRP determined by FMR1 mRNA and targeted demethylation of CGG repeats to correct the hyperactive phenotype in FXS neurons ASO titration-validated partial expression of FMRP is sufficient to normalize increased neuronal activity


Gas-sparged microfiltration experiments with baker's yeast suspensions were performed using a 0.15 µm PCI multi-tubular membrane module. The permeate flux and the enhancement from gas sparging were measured over the following operational parameter ranges: yeast suspension concentration 0.01–10% (wt), transmembrane pressure 0.5–4.0 bar, liquid crossflow velocity 0.36–1.8 ms−1, gas superficial velocity 0.18–1.02 ms−1. It was demonstrated that injecting air to create a gas–liquid two-phase crossflow operation can significantly increase the permeate flux. The observed enhancement, resulting from injecting a relatively small amount of gas with a superficial velocity of 0.18 ms−1, ranges from 10% when fouling is insignificant to 135% when fouling tendency is severe. Controlled pulse injection leads to further increase in permeate flux. Examining the dependence of permeate flux on transmembrane pressure, it is clearly demonstrated that the injection of gas will elevate the value of the limiting flux. There is also evidence to show that the value of critical flux is increased when gas injection is applied. Further quantitative analysis will be performed in our future work.

© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry


This paper presents a framework for analyzing time complexity of rare events estimators for queueing models. In particular it deals with polynomial and exponential time switching regenerative (SR) estimators for the steady-state probabilities of excessive backlog in the GI=GI=1 queue, and some of its extensions. The SR estimators are based on large deviation theory and exponential change of measure, which is parametrized by a scalar t. We show how to find the optimal value w of the parameter t, which leads to the optimal exponential change of measure (OECM), and we find conditions under which the OECM generates polynomial time estimators. We, finally, investigate the "robustness" of the proposed SR estimators, in the sense that we find how much one can perturb the optimal value w in the OECM such that the SR estimator still leads to dramatic variance reduction and still is useful in practice. Our extensive numerical results suggest that if the optimal parameter value w is perturbed up to 20%, we only lose 2--3 orders of magnitude of variance reduction compared to the orders of tenth under the optimal value w.


Nae Pasaran. Documentary directed by Felipe Bustos Sierra. BBC Scotland/Conejo Nacional de la Cultura y las Artes/Creative Scotland. 2018. 96 minutes.IN 1973, the Chilean military, with the encouragement of US President Richard Nixon and Secretary of State Henry Kissinger and the collusion of the CIA, overthrew the democratically elected socialist government of Salvador Allende.In the years that followed, tens of thousands of people were murdered, detained and tortured by the regime, which became increasingly brutal in its repression of opposition. Hundreds of Chileans fled broad, aided and abetted by foreign governments, trades union and church organisations.


Arguments against the hypothesis of cytokinin action via competitive binding of cytokinin and cytokinin-containing tRNA to specific receptor proteins [Romanov (1990) Plant, Cell and Environment 13, 751–754] are presented. The hypothesis states that cereal genes containing a large number (4–8%) of the Leu codons TTG and TTA should be regulated by cytokinin at the translational level. In this paper, it is shown that the only genes that fulfil these hypothetical requirements are the ones encoding the heavy chain of zein. It is further shown that this is a consequence of the high Leu content of the encoded proteins and the lack of GC bias of the genes.


2 Abstract: This paper deals with the control of level in a conical tank which has nonlinear behaviour and the real time system design are analysed. The implementation in SIMULINK is explained. In many industries, control of non linear process is a challenging task and hence controlling the level in a Conical tank is a complex issue. For each stable operating point, a First Order Process model has been identified using process reaction curve method and the Control is done. The appropriate method is identified by comparing various controllers.


This article considers the race to sequence the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome virus ('the SARS virus') in light of the debate over patent law and access to essential medicines. Part II evaluates the claims of public research institutions in Canada, the United States, and Hong Kong, and commercial companies, to patent rights in respect of the SARS virus. It highlights the dilemma of 'defensive patenting' - the tension between securing private patent rights and facilitating public disclosure of information and research. Part III considers the race to patent the SARS virus in light of wider policy debates over gene patents. It examines the application of such patent criteria as novelty, inventive step, utility, and secret use. It contends that there is a need to reform the patent system to accommodate the global nature of scientific inquiry, the unique nature of genetics, and the pace of technological change. Part IV examines the role played by the World Trade Organization and the World Health Organization in dealing with patent law and access to essential medicines. The article contends that there is a need to ensure that the patent system is sufficiently flexible and adaptable to accommodate international research efforts on infectious diseases.


We study how short-selling pressure affects tax aggressiveness using the pilot program on short sales in Regulation SHO. Using a difference-in-differences approach, we find that higher short-selling pressure significantly reduces tax aggressiveness. To explain the reduction, we offer a simple agency-theoretic model and provide evidence that when short-selling pressure increases, the likelihood of detecting questionable tax shelters increases, discouraging tax aggressiveness. Corroborating this evidence, we also find stronger (weaker) effects of short-selling pressure on firms subject to fewer (more) audits by the IRS before the pilot program. These findings suggest that short-sellers help reduce aggressive tax avoidance schemes.


IMPORTANCE
Much of the enthusiasm for accountable care organizations is fueled by evidence that integrated delivery systems (IDSs) perform better on measures of quality and cost in the ambulatory care setting; however, the benefits of this model are less clear for complex hospital-based care.

OBJECTIVE
To assess whether existing IDSs are associated with improved quality and lower costs for episodes of inpatient surgery.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS
We used national Medicare data (January 1, 2005, through November 30, 2007) to compare the quality and cost of inpatient surgery among patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting, hip replacement, back surgery, or colectomy in IDS-affiliated hospitals compared with those treated in a matched group of non-IDS-affiliated centers.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Operative mortality, postoperative complications, readmissions, and total and component surgical episode costs.

RESULTS
Patients treated in IDS hospitals differed according to several characteristics, including race, admission acuity, and comorbidity. For each of the 4 procedures, adjusted rates for operative mortality, complications, and readmissions were similar for patients treated in IDS-affiliated compared with non-IDS-affiliated hospitals, with the exception that those treated in IDS-affiliated hospitals had fewer readmissions after colectomy (12.6% vs 13.5%, P = .03). Adjusted total episode payments for hip replacement were 4% lower in IDS-affiliated hospitals (P < .001), with this difference explained mainly by lower expenditures for postdischarge care. Episode payments differed by 1% or less for the remaining procedures.

CONCLUSIONS
The benefits of the IDSs observed for ambulatory care may not extend to inpatient surgery. Thus, improvements in the quality and cost-efficiency of hospital-based care may require adjuncts to current ACO programs.


Background Pork quality is an important economic trait in pig industry, and increasing data shows that Chinese indigenous and Western commercial pig breeds have significant differences in pork quality. However, the molecular regulatory mechanism of pork quality formation is still unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the transcriptional regulation mechanism of pork quality formation of Chinese Saba pig (SS) and Western Yorkshire pig (YY) breeds. Results A total of 31 DEmiRNAs, 902 DEmRNAs, 47 DElncRNAs and 198 DEcircRNAs were identified in longissimus dorsi muscles between SSs and YYs. On the basis of differentially expressed RNAs, two ceRNA networks including lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA and circRNA-miRNA-mRNA were established, and two ceRNA networks showed that miR-1343 had the most links in two ceRNA networks, which demonstrated that miR-1343 might play key regulatory roles in longissimus dorsi muscle formation between SS and YY breeds. Conclusions The present study identified miR-1343 as key regulatory factor in pig longissimus dorsi muscle formation by ceRNA networks, which provides novel insights into molecular regulatory mechanism of pork quality formation between fat-type and lean-type pig breeds.


By analyzing the stability factors and deformation characteristics of wall rock of dynamical pressure roadway in coal mine, the basic support form of dynamical pressure roadway was summarized. Combined with the geological conditions and the roadway damaged condition of two tape head chamber in ChengZhuang colliery No.2 area, the reinforcement approach was put forward, which adopting the composite grouting of cement and unsaturated polyester chemical pulp, then strengthened by prestressed grouting anchor. Comparing the supporting effect of prestressed grouted anchor with not grouted, it was obviously found that the effect is great improved. The strong deformation of dynamic pressure roadway can be solved effectively in this way.In recent years, with the development of mining technology and high-gas coal mining, the roadway layout that can meet the requirements of production and ventilation is increasingly complicated. The area of roadway increases as equipment have been expanding. The pressure has been apparently increasing because the thickness of mining and the height of caving face increase. The difficulty level of roadway support is also added since the surrounding rock condition become more and more complex [1-3].


The Laurel Hill Association of Stockbridge, Massachusetts, generally considered the first village improvement society in the country, was founded in 1853 at the urging of a local citizen and native of the town, Mary G. Hopkins. This paper examines the discussions among members of her generation and class that set the stage for Hopkins' promotional campaign and, eventually, the wide acceptance of her ideas as village improvement spread through New England and then across the United States. Specifically, this study delves into a history of social activism, moral reform, and theories about taste occurring in Stockbridge, the Berkshires, and New England between 1800–1853. Life histories of several members of Hopkins' family, friends, and associates are described, helping to shape a picture of the values, philosophical perspectives, and activities that surrounded this pioneer of landscape reform. This essay traces village improvement's origins in the fields of scientific farming, landscape gardening, sermons from the pulpit, and literary arts.


Vacuum flat plate solar thermal collectors offer several advantages over other collectors namely the excellent optical and thermal characteristics they exhibit due to a combination of their wide surface area and high vacuum thermal insulation. These characteristics can offer a variety of applications for industrial process heat as well as for building integration as they are much thinner than conventional collectors making installation possible in limited spaces. However, many technical challenges which need to be addressed to enable wide scale adoption of the technology still remain. This paper will discuss the challenges, expectations and requirements for the flat-plate vacuum solar collector development. In addition, it will provide an overview of work undertaken in Ulster University, Loughborough University, and the University of Warwick on flat-plate vacuum solar thermal collectors. Finally, this paper will present a detailed experimental investigation on the development of a vacuum panel with a novel sealing method which will be used to accommodate a novel slim hydroformed solar absorber.


A crucial aspect of mass-mapping, via weak lensing, is quantification of the uncertainty introduced during the reconstruction process. Properly accounting for these errors has been largely ignored to date. We present a new method to reconstruct maximum a posteriori (MAP) convergence maps by formulating an unconstrained Bayesian inference problem with Laplace-type l1-norm sparsity-promoting priors, which we solve via convex optimization. Approaching mass-mapping in this manner allows us to exploit recent developments in probability concentration theory to infer theoretically conservative uncertainties for our MAP reconstructions, without relying on assumptions of Gaussianity. For the first time these methods allow us to perform hypothesis testing of structure, from which it is possible to distinguish between physical objects and artifacts of the reconstruction. Here we present this new formalism, demonstrate the method on simulations, before applying the developed formalism to two observational datasets of the Abel-520 cluster. Initial reconstructions of the Abel-520 catalogs reported the detection of an anomalous 'dark core' – an over dense region with no optical counterpart – which was taken to be evidence for self-interacting dark-matter. In our Bayesian framework it is found that neither Abel-520 dataset can conclusively determine the physicality of such dark cores at $99\%$ confidence. However, in both cases the recovered MAP estimators are consistent with both sets of data.


HOX genes, encoding homeodomain transcription factors, are dynamically expressed in endometrium, where they are necessary for endometrial growth, differentiation, and implantation. In human endometrium, the expression of HOXA10 and HOXA11 is driven by sex steroids, with peak expression occurring at time of implantation in response to rising progesterone levels. However, the maximal HOXA10 and HOXA11 expression fails to occur in women with endometriosis. In endometriosis, altered progesterone receptor expression or diminished activity may lead to attenuated or dysregulated progesterone response and decreased expression of progesterone-responsive genes including HOX genes in the eutopic endometrium. In turn, other mediators of endometrial receptivity that are regulated by HOX genes, such as pinopodes, alphavbeta3 integrin, and IGFBP-1, are downregulated in endometriosis. HOXA10 hypermethylation has recently been demonstrated to silence HOXA10 gene expression and account for decreased HOXA10 in the endometrium of women with endometriosis. Silencing of progesterone target genes by methylation is an epigenetic mechanism that mediates progesterone resistance. The relatively permanent nature of methylation may explain the widespread failure of treatments for endometriosis-related infertility.


Abstract Objectives: Dysfunctional metabolism of carbohydrates is a fundamental component of many dietary-related disorders. It has been hypothesized that plant extracts containing high levels of antioxidants may have the ability to stabilize carbohydrate regulation. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a polyphenol-rich sugarcane extract on cellular pathways related to carbohydrate metabolism. Methods: We evaluated the antioxidant activity of a polyphenol-rich sugarcane extract obtained by a patented hydrophobic extract process and its therapeutic potential to regulate carbohydrate metabolism and protect against metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes. Results: Quantitative analytical studies support that the polyphenol-rich sugarcane extract has a high concentration of polyphenols and antioxidant compounds. The follow-up cellular studies via Caco-2 cells and dysfunctional β-cell models suggested that the polyphenol-rich sugarcane extract may help deter glucose and fructose uptake in intestinal cells and restore insulin production in dysfunctional β-cells—key functions in managing diabetic conditions. Conclusions: These findings suggest that sugarcane polyphenols may modulate cellular mechanism in a manner that is beneficial to health.


Abstract Fractional-Order Controllers (FOC) extend PID controllers by using non-integer order integral and derivative actions. They have many advantages even if the tuning methods are still at their infancy. Hence we apply Differential Evolution (DE) optimization to tune parameters of FOC in a unitary feedback linear control system of a first order plana with a lag plus an integrator. The FOC combines two differintegrators. Closed-loop specifications are peak value and settling time of the step response. To determine the controller parameters, DE minimizes the sum of the squared real and imaginary parts of the characteristic equation, expressed in terms of the desired pair of closed-loop dominant poles and of the unknown parameters. Then, the Particle Swarm Optimization with constriction factor approximates the irrational operators of the controller with rational transfer functions that are of low order, stable, minimum-phase, with zeros interlacing poles. Frequency and step responses show the efficiency of the proposed method.


This thesis is concerned with the optimisation of multi-modal numerical problems using genetic algorithms. Genetic algorithms are an established technique, inspired by principles of genetics and evolution, and have been successfully utilised in a wide range of applications. However, they are computationally intensive and consequently, addressing problems of increasing size and complexity has led to research into parallelisation. this thesis is concerned with coarse-grained parallelism because of the growing importance of cluster computing. Current parallel genetic algorithm technology offers one coarse-grained approach, usually referred to as the island model. Parallelisation is concerned with the division of a computational system into components which can be executed concurrently on multiple processing nodes. It can be based on a decomposition of either the process or the domain on which it operates. The island model is a process based approach, which divides the genetic algorithm population into a number of co-operating sub-populations. This research examines an alternative approach based on domain decomposition - the search space is divided into a number of regions which are separately optimised. The aims of this research are to determine whether domain decomposition is useful in terms of search performance, and whether it is feasible when there is no a priori knowledge of the search space.

It is established, empirically that domain decomposition offers a more robust sampling of the search space. It is further shown that the approach is beneficial when there is an element of deception in the problem. However, domain decomposition is non-trivial when the domain is irregular. the irregularities of the search space result in a computational load imbalance which would reduce the efficiency of a parallel implementation. To address this, a dynamic load-balancing algorithm is developed which adjusts the decomposition of the search space, at run time according to the fitness distribution. Using this algorithm, it is showm that domain decomposition is feasible, and offers significant search advantages in the field of multi-modal numerical optimisation. The performance is compared with a serial implementation and an island model parallel implementation on a number of non-trivial problems. It is concluded that the domain decomposition approach offers superior performance on these problems in terms of rapid convergence and final solution quality. Approaches to the extension and generalisation of the approach are suggested for further work.


— The use of sewage sludge and effluents from wastewater treatment plants for irrigation of agricultural lands is on the rise particularly in peri-urban areas of developing countries. The reuse of nutrients and organic matter in treated wastewater and sewage sludge via land application is a desirable goal. However, trace or heavy metals present in sludge pose the risk of human or phytotoxicity from land application. Long-term use of sewage sludge, heavy metals can accumulate to phytotoxic levels and results in reduced plants growth and/or enhanced metal concentrations in plants, which consumed by animals then enter the food chain. In this research, the amount of heavy metals was measured in plants irrigated with wastewater and sludge application. For this purpose, three pilots were made in a Shush treatment plant in south of Tehran. Three plants species, spinach, lettuce and radish were selected and planted in the pilots.First pilot was irrigated just with wastewater of treatment plant and second pilot was irrigated with wastewater and sludge application .Third pilot was irrigated with simulated heavy metals solution equal 50 years of irrigation. The results indicate that the average of amount of heavy metals Pb, Cd in three plant species in first pilot were lower than permissible limits .In second pilot, Cadmium accumulations are high in three species plants and more than the standard limits. Concentration of Cd , Pb have exceed their permitted limits in plants in third pilot . It was concluded that the use of wastewater and sludge application in agricultural lands enriched soils with heavy metals to concentrations that may pose potential environmental and health risks in the long-term.


ABSTRACT Epidemic development of brown rot, caused by Monilinia fructigena, was monitored in integrated and organic apple orchards at two locations in eastern Hungary between 2002 and 2005 on three cultivars with early, midseason, and late ripening periods. Disease incidence and severity measures were affected significantly (P < 0.05) by management system (organic versus integrated) and cultivar, but there was no significant management system-cultivar interaction. Epidemics started 2 to 4 weeks earlier in organic orchards and on the early cv. Prima compared with integrated orchards and the late cv. Mutsu. Disease intensity increased markedly in the final 3 to 5 weeks before harvest and was considerably lower in integrated than in organic orchards. Final brown rot incidence on fruit in the tree was correlated with incidence on dropped fruit on the orchard floor (r > 0.75, P < 0.05), whereby the lag period from the appearance of the first symptomatic fruit on the ground to the occurrence of the first symptomatic fruit in the tree ranged from 2 weeks to 2 months, depending on the cultivar. The inflection point of the disease progress curve was attained first by fruit on the ground, followed successively by fruit in the lower, middle, and upper thirds of the tree canopy. This may indicate that dropped fruit that became infected early provided a source of inoculum for subsequent epidemics by serving as a bridge between sporulation from overwintered fruit mummies in the spring and the first fruit with sporulating lesions in the tree in midsummer. Removal of dropped fruit from the orchard floor resulted in a significantly lower disease incidence on fruit in the tree on all cultivars; thus, drop-removal may be useful as a brown rot management practice in apple orchards.


A study is reported in which the relations among normal aging, source amnesia, and frontal lobe functioning were explored. Twenty-four older adults (aged 60-84 years) were tested on their ability to remember where they had acquired new factual information; they were also given the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), a test of verbal fluency, and other psychometric tests. The degree of source amnesia in this normal sample correlated with age, verbal fluency, and some measures from the WCST. Source amnesia was not related to Performance IQ, however, or to a measure of fact recall. The implications for the relations among aging, memory, and frontal lobe functions are discussed.


Summary

Some physicochemical and microstructural characteristics of hard-to-cook (HTC) and easy-to-cook (ETC) pinto beans and small-type lentils were compared. The development of HTC seeds was monitored over 6 months for changes in physicochemical properties. Results indicated that hardness, extent of water absorption and solid loss of HTC legumes were, respectively, 21–97%, 7–72% and 62–236% higher than those of ETC legumes. In addition, darkening of HTC beans and lentils was significantly higher than those of ETC ones. Scanning electron microscope observations indicated deteriorations in cytoplasmic contents of cotyledon cells of hard seeds. Phytic acid and total phenolic contents were, respectively, decreased 36–61% and 43–61% during storage, whereas hardness of seeds was increased 3–6 times. The soaking of hard seeds in sodium solutions resulted in the improvement in legume texture.


Benign esophageal tumors and cysts are rare. Leiomyomas and various cysts account for about 80% of all lesions. Thoracic surgeons must be aware of the clinical, radiologic, and endoscopic features of benign lesions since treatment is usually simple and effective.


A system for obtaining regenerating protoplasts of highly active Bacillus licheniformis 1001 strain was developed. Transformation of protoplasts by pUB110 and pminiKC plasmids (constructed from plasmids pUB110 and pC194) leading to the expression of kanamycine resistance, was demonstrated. It is supposed that in Bac licheniformis, the pminiKC plasmid is integrated into cellular chromosome, in contrast to pUB110 and parental Bac subtilis (pminiKC) strain. Still, the integrated plasmid seems to be not completely under control of the host chromosome. As a result of such integration, the plasmid conversion takes place, resulting in alteration of cytokinesis (filament formation) and sporulation, but not interfering with the ability to produce antibiotic bacitracin.


Abstract Objective: To choose the most cost-effective option for detecting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) among blood transfusion recipients. Design: Cost-effectiveness analysis. Effectiveness was expressed as the number of HIV-1 or HCV infections detected, regardless of whether they were related to transfusion. To estimate costs, we assumed hospital insurance would cover costs related to detection and compensation, when granted. Setting: A 2,890-bed acute care teaching hospital in Bordeaux, France. Methods: Eight options were defined, from the simplest, which would be to do nothing, to a maximal approach, which would be to keep a serum sample in a serum library for a lookback and perform tests for antibody to HIV-1 and to HCV before and 3 months after transfusion. Data on probabilities and costs were taken from the literature and experiences of French hospitals. Results: The most cost-effective option was to perform viral antibody testing before transfusions (option 3), which would detect 27 infections per 1,000 patients, for an expenditure of US $1,260 per detected patient Option 6, obtaining a serum sample before transfusion and performing tests for antibody to HIV-1 and to HCV 3 months after transfusion, had a similar cost-effectiveness ratio but detected only 16 infections per 1,000 patients. Performing tests before and 3 months after transfusion (option 4), compared with option 3, would detect 1 additional infection for an additional cost of US $8,322. Conclusion: The most cost-effective options are not specific to blood transfusion recipients and might be more suited to all hospitalized patients.


The dysfunction of astrocytic inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) 4.1 channels, which mediate the spatial potassium-buffering function of astrocytes, is known to be involved in the development of epilepsy. Here, we analyzed the Kir4.1 expressional changes in Leucine-Rich Glioma-Inactivated 1 (Lgi1) mutant rats, which is a model of autosomal dominant lateral temporal lobe epilepsy in humans, to clarify the role of astrocytic Kir4.1 channels in Lgi1-related epileptogenesis. Priming acoustic stimulation (at postnatal day 16) conferred seizure susceptibility on Lgi1 mutant rats, which evoked audiogenic seizures with test stimulation at eight weeks. In the seizure-susceptible Lgi1 mutant rats (before test stimulation), astrocytic Kir4.1 expression was down-regulated region-specifically in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala. In addition, prophylactic treatments of Lgi1 mutant rats with valproic acid (VPA, 30 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) for two weeks prevented both the development of seizure susceptibility and the down-regulation of Kir4.1 expression in astrocytes. The present study demonstrated for the first time that the astrocytic Kir4.1 expression was reduced in the Lgi1-related seizure model, suggesting that the down-regulation of Kir4.1 channels in astrocytes is involved in audiogenic epileptogenesis caused by Lgi1 mutation. In addition, VPA seemed to have a prophylactic effect on Lgi1-related seizures.


Practice development has been widely used to support change in healthcare for more than 20 years (McCormack et al., 2006), a result there is a growing body of knowledge which, describes the process and context together with the factors that influence the outcomes of such developments. Learning from failure in practice and service development is fundamental if we are to identify and understand what factors can influence success. Too often the analysis of failure has been subjective and has relied upon anecdotal accounts. This article explains the use of the methodology developed by Miles and Huberman (1994) to inductively map how variables and factors interact to produce a particular outcome. Causal Network Analysis (CNA) is useful in exploring the factors, which can influence developments, as well as exploring what triggered the success or failure of a particular development.


Kinesin superfamily proteins are ubiquitous to all eukaryotes and essential for several key cellular processes. With the establishment of genome sequence data for a substantial number of eukaryotes, it is now possible for the first time to analyze the complete kinesin repertoires of a diversity of organisms from most eukaryotic kingdoms. Such a "holistic" approach using 486 kinesin-like sequences from 19 eukaryotes and analyzed by Bayesian techniques, identifies three new kinesin families, two new phylum-specific groups, and unites two previously identified families. The paralogue distribution suggests that the eukaryotic cenancestor possessed nearly all kinesin families. However, multiple losses in individual lineages mean that no family is ubiquitous to all organisms and that the present day distribution reflects common biology more than it does common ancestry. In particular, the distribution of four families--Kinesin-2, -9, and the proposed new families Kinesin-16 and -17--correlates with the possession of cilia/flagella, and this can be used to predict a flagellar function for two new kinesin families. Finally, we present a set of hidden Markov models that can reliably place most new kinesin sequences into families, even when from an organism at a great evolutionary distance from those in the analysis.


Recently, new robot programming approaches have proposed the use of programmed constraints as an executable specification language for the desired behavior of a robot. The constraint-based approaches are intermediate level languages, promising a higher, more declarative level of programming than trajectory-based approaches, while being more tractable computationally than motion planning. This paper considers a numerical algorithm for solution of differential systems subject to algebraic inequality constraints. These are the mathematical structures behind the constraint-based approach. Our approach is based on a principle of 'least constraint', consisting of a dynamic integration of the equations of motion coupled with invocation of a control mechanism to ensure that the robot trajectory avoids all constraint boundaries. This is achieved by minimization of a barrier function defined using buffer zones near the constraint boundaries. Determination of the buffer zones is done dynamically, corresponding to a local planning strategy.


Purpose
Hearing aid management describes the skills and knowledge required for the handling, use, care, and maintenance of the hearing aid. The importance of hearing aid management skills and knowledge is evidenced by their association with hearing aid outcomes. However, the nature of this association and the influence of participant factors on this association are unknown. Accordingly, the aims of the current study were to (a) investigate participant factors that influence hearing aid management skills and knowledge and (b) investigate the impact of hearing aid management skills and knowledge on hearing aid outcomes.

Method
Factors associated with hearing aid management skills and knowledge were investigated through an e-mail- and paper-based self-report survey, including the Hearing Aid Skills and Knowledge Inventory (Bennett, Meyer, Eikelboom, & Atlas, 2018b) and the International Outcomes Inventory for Hearing Aids (Cox & Alexander, 2002). The study sample included 518 adult hearing aid owners, ranging in age from 18 to 97 years (M = 71 years, SD = 14 years), 61% male and 39% female, recruited from seven hearing clinics across Australia.

Results
Participant factors found to be associated with hearing aid skills and knowledge included participants' age, gender, style of hearing aid, age of current hearing aid, and total years of hearing aid ownership. Higher levels of hearing aid management skills and knowledge were found to be associated with better hearing aid outcomes, specifically higher self-reported satisfaction with hearing aids, perceived benefit from hearing aids, and overall outcome of the hearing aid fitting as evaluated by the International Outcomes Inventory for Hearing Aids.

Conclusions
Hearing aid management difficulties were greatest for older people, women, and owners of behind-the-ear style of hearing aids, suggesting that clinicians need to be cognizant of the additional needs for these three groups. The positive association between hearing aid outcomes and hearing aid skills and knowledge emphasizes the importance of education and training on hearing aid management for successful aural rehabilitation.


Abstract The fair price of a financial option on an asset that follows a Poisson jump diffusion process satisfies a partial integro-differential equation. When numerical methods are used to solve such equations the integrals are usually evaluated using either quadrature methods or fast Fourier methods. Quadrature methods are expensive since the integrals must be evaluated at every point of the mesh. Though less so, Fourier methods are also computationally intensive since in order to avoid wrap around effects they require enlargement of the computational domain. They are also slow to converge when the parameters of the jump process are not smooth, and for efficiency require uniform meshes. We present a different and more efficient class of methods which are based on the fact that the integrals often satisfy differential equations. Depending on the process the asset follows, the equations are either ordinary differential equations or parabolic partial differential equations. Both types of equations can be accurately solved very rapidly. We discuss the methods and present results of numerical experiments.


Corporate Revenue Information System Plan (CRISP), which represents an important phase in an effort to rebuild the information systems infrastructure at Bell is discussed. This undertaking is expected to have far-reaching effects on the organization today and its ability to compete in the future. Currently, no part of the project has actually been implemented, so a detailed evaluation is not yet possible. However, the process followed is described as a model of how to manage decisions to invest in strategic infrastructure.<<ETX>>


Vehicular adhoc networks allow vehicles to share their information for safety and traffic efficiency. However, sharing information may threaten the driver privacy because it includes spatiotemporal information and is broadcast publicly and periodically. In this paper, we propose a context-adaptive pseudonym changing scheme which lets a vehicle decide autonomously when to change its pseudonym and how long it should remain silent to ensure unlinkability. This scheme adapts dynamically based on the density of the surrounding traffic and the user privacy preferences. We employ a multi-target tracking algorithm to measure privacy in terms of traceability in realistic vehicle traces. We use Monte Carlo analysis to estimate the quality of service (QoS) of a forward collision warning application when vehicles apply this scheme. According to the experimental results, the proposed scheme provides a better compromise between traceability and QoS than a random silent period scheme.


This study explores the issues and challenges to provide a program of parental education via e-Learning to parents of children with autism. It looks at the key issues of technological readiness for such a program, the attitudes on both the student and instructor side to the set up of such a program, and the goals which the parents want to achieve through both home and or class based programs.

The survey does not study or propose specific implementations for use within the parental program. Rather, it focuses attitudes to end results of the training mode, the range of possible outcomes, such as being able to re-cap or review material as requirements demand. The study defines e-Learning in its broadest sense using the understanding of e-Learning as electronically mediated knowledge and transfer of instructional and training materials between experts and peer groups.

The study used four linked surveys to explore the issues. It surveyed attendance at parent education to date. The main goals that parents want to achieve through parental education; current attitudes to aspects of parent education classes; and the technological readiness of the group, in their homes, to use web based research and information material.

The study differentiated between maternal and paternal replies on attendance, goals, and main attitudes. In common with many other studies in the area, the mothers were significantly more involved in the parental education role. In this study mothers and fathers differed most markedly in their enjoyment of current parental education provision, timing of classes, and the use of parental education as a means to promote social interactions for the children. However, there is broad agreement between the parents on need for replay of course materials and for the use of e-mail as a method of feedback and back-up for a home program.

The survey showed that 100% of survey respondents have home computers and internet access and 94% use internet sources for research on autism and related issues.

The study concludes that the parent group is well equipped to partake in e-delivery of course materials and it would be a welcome enhancement to current provision, especially if it provided more modeling and instructional video elements. However, care should be taken to ensure that the support and networking opportunities that face-to-face interactions have afforded in the past will be accommodated in any new instructional modes.

In looking at directions going forward, the study briefly reviews models of e-Leaming implementation in other non-profit organizations and organizations using e-Learning for transfer of educational / instructional elements from professionals the SME's (Subject Matter Experts) to non-professionals carrying out specified tasks.


The report is focused on both permanent and labor migration between the newly independent states, that quite recently were parts of one single country, and migration between them was internal rather than international. Until the late 1980-s migratory flows in the area were affected by the differences between the republics in the rates of population growth and quality of life. Immediately after the breakdown of the USSR, the volume and structure of international migration over its territory changed dramatically. Russia became the main destination for migrants from all over the former Soviet republics: between 1992 and 1999, about 6 million migrants from these countries arrived to the RF. The current migration situation in the CIS countries is characterized by absolute dominance of the inner flows within the region, the remaining position of Russia as the main destination for migrants from the other CIS countries, especially for the states of Central Asia, as well as significant volumes of temporary forms of migration. In 2000-2010 about 92% of permanent-type immigrants in the CIS area and about 75% of emigrants arrived from or moved to the counties of the CIS. Russia was a destination country for over 50% of all emigrants from CIS states on average, and in some cases for more than 80% of the outflow. Despite the ongoing economic crisis scale of labor migration in the CIS is enormous. In 2011 Russian migration authorities issued over 1.2 million work permits and 0.9 million patents for work in private households. Migration regime in the CIS area is characterized by visa-free movements between the countries and implementation of a system of constraints: quotas for work permits, bans for professions for migrant workers, limited duration of stay and so on. Inefficient control over the enforcement of restrictive regulations supports the large scale of illegal employment of foreign workers in the CIS. Obvious differences between countries in the priorities of migration policy are connected with the different demographic trends and economic interests. Some countries try to encourage immigration from other countries, stipulate requirements for permanent residence of aliens and create preferences for naturalization. Other countries endeavor to influence the hosting countries to obtain guarantees for minimal social support and respect the rights of their citizens living abroad as temporary labor migrants. Gradually emerges common understanding for development of the organized forms of recruitment of foreign labor, training of migrant workers, integration programs, etc. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme under grant agreement No. 266864 (Project SEARCH). Russian version is presented in Demoscope-Weekly, 2012, No 533-534: http://demoscope.ru/weekly/2012/0533/analit04.php Migration between CIS countries: trends and policy SEARCH WP03/06


A hybrid gel adsorbent bearing boron-selective functional groups was prepared by the reaction of bis(trimethoxysilylpropyl)amine (TSPA) and a gel precursor in water. The gel precursor was synthesized from (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) and N-methylglucamine (MG). The boron adsorption behavior of the gel and a commercial boron-selective resin D564 was investigated. The gel adsorbent has a suitable mechanical strength and an adsorption capacity of 2.00 mmol g-1, which is higher than that of the resin D564 (1.64 mmol g-1). Boron can be desorbed from both the gel and the resin D564 with a 0.25 mol L-1 HCl solution. The good reusability of both the gel and the resin D564 was confirmed by fourteen consecutive adsorption-desorption-regeneration cycles.


We created permanent complete heart block (CHB) in 11 dogs without atriotomy by means of indirect cauterization of the atrioventricular (A-V) bundle with a partially insulated wire placed through a small puncture in the atrial wall and guided by palpation. In six acute studies and five chronic studies, all dogs exhibited permanent CHB. To test the block, isoproterenol increased both atrial and ventricular rates 200%-400% without affecting the block. Atropine had no effect on ventricular rate or block.


Although, drought stress has been well documented as an effective parameter in decreasing crop production; developing and releasing new varieties which are adaptable to water deficit conditions can be a constructive program to overcome unsuitable environmental conditions. The present study was carried out to study the effect of drought stress under greenhouse conditions in Islamic Azad University of Ardabil Branch, Iran. The agronomic and morphological traits of 25 durum wheat ( Triticum durum Desf.) genotypes were investigated. The present study was done based on randomized complete block design with three replications in drought stress and normal irrigation conditions in a greenhouse. The analysis of variance has indicated that there are significant differences among the genotypes in all the traits, which indicate that there are great variations among genotypes in order to use in improvement plans. Analysis of variance shows that drought stress has a significant effect on all studied traits except harvest index. The comparison of means indicated that the genotypes; poldash, sari boghda and germi in normal condition and sari boghda, omrabi-5, langan, germi and germi under stress condition, are the superior groups. Grain yield has shown a positive and significant correlation with peduncle length, number of grains per spike, 1000 grain weight, biological yield and harvest index. Cluster analysis divides the genotypes into three groups in each condition. The best genotypes were included in a group which confirms the results of the compared means yield. Key words: Agronomic traits, durum wheat, genetic diversity, yield components.