We present a new method of shape from shading by using radial basis functions to parameterize the object depth. The radial basis functions are deformed by adjusting their centers, widths, and weights such that the intensity errors are minimized. The initial centers and widths are arranged hierarchically to speed up convergence and to stabilize the solution. Although the smoothness constraint is used, it can be eventually dropped out without causing instabilities in the solution. An important feature of our parametric shape-from-shading method is that it offers a unified framework for integration of multiple sensory information. We show that knowledge about surface depth and/or surface normals anywhere in the image can be easily incorporated into the shape from shading process. It is further demonstrated that even qualitative knowledge can be used in shape from shading to improve 3D reconstruction. Experimental comparisons of our method with several existing ones are made by using both synthetic and real images. Results show that our solution is more accurate than the others.


This paper concerns the correction of refracted propagation effects for airborne radar tracking. An algorithm based on the Kalman filter (KF) is developed that compensates for range and elevation refraction errors, which were analytically derived using a simplified tropospheric model. In particular, the refraction error model applies to a spherically stratified troposphere and does not include the effects of azimuthal refraction errors, small-scale fluctuations, or ducting. The effectiveness of the proposed tracking algorithm is assessed in the presence of tropospheric parameter mismatch and measurement noise. Both theoretical and numerical results are described for a medium range scenario, and a quasi-ellipsoidal racetrack is chosen for the air platform that carries the radar.


This paper presents a stochastical frequency list generation for inter-intermodulation free allocation of Professional Wireless Microphone Systems (PWMS). Commonly, a PWMS frequency arrangement within a fixed frontend bandwidth is generated from precalculated frequency lists with or without respect to the presently measurable frequency occupancy. The stochastical frequency list generation presented here is less time-consuming than traditional algorithms for precalculated frequency lists which are not suitable for a portable usage.


Will healthcare solutions be treated as content providers and treated differently under a new regulatory landscape for Internet Service Providers (ISPs)? Will changes to net neutrality layer additional costs on an already overburdened global healthcare system? These are important questions to consider as rule changes and policy continue to shape how individuals, consumers, and even healthcare providers interact with our increasingly digital ecosystem.


The national park system contains many small units which were originally created for reasons other than outstanding water resources. One such unit, Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park (ICE.M0) receives only minimum funding levels for water resources management activities despite supporting stable aquatic ecosystems and impressive natural assemblages which differ drastically from developed areas just outside of the unit boundaries. In recognition of the important aquatic resources at KEMO the, Southeast Regional Office of the National Park Service supports a high school student-assisted water resources monitoring program there and at four other parks in the region. The program aids in developing baseline aquatic biological and water quality information for a holistic treatment of threats to these resources. Reports are generated on a semi-annual basis which suggest possible problems and discuss what "normal" conditions and seasonal variations at the park appear to be. Thus far, the work of high school students has proved to be an invaluable resource for the investigation of threats and the implementation of corrective actions.


The double cantilever beam has been widely used in the past and has proved one of the most popular designs for measuring the growth rate of stress corrosion cracks in materials. In this study, the double cantilever beam specimens were used to study the effect of tensile loading on stress corrosion cracking behaviour in aluminium alloy 7075(W). Cracks initiated readily in 3.5%NaCl solution with tensile loading conditions. Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) development was found to follow an intergranular path, which strongly depended on microstructure of material. Tests also were carried out to measure the threshold stress intensity, KISCC, which SCC would not occur. The SCC test was explained by an active path mechanism due to the galvanic interaction between grain boundary precipitates and adjacent precipitate-free zones. Crack lengths were measured with an eddy current bore probe and confirmed by optical metallography. The data from the eddy current tests on real stress corrosion cracks were used to construct an eddy current calibration curve for predicting stress corrosion crack lengths of aluminium alloy 7075(W).


Level of erythrocytes in 30 patients with Liver-Fire Exuberance Syndrome (LFES) was observed, and that of 30 healthy persons was determined in the meantime as control by high-performance liquid chromatography. It was found that the adenosine triphosphate in erythrocytes of LFES patients was lower and level of adenosine monophosphate was higher than that of healthy persons. While, the levels of adenylate pool and energy load ratio were lower than that of control. These results showed the metabolism was exuberant, the energy consumption increased and the energy storage reduced in patients of LFES.


The paper experimentally studies the effects of periodic unsteady wake flow on boundary layer development, separation and re-attachment along the suction surface of a low pressure turbine blade. The experimental investigations were performed on a large scale, subsonic unsteady turbine cascade research facility at Turbomachinery Performance and Flow Research Laboratory (TPFL), Texas A&M University. The experiments were carried out at a Reynolds number of 110,000 (based on suction surface length and exit velocity) with a free-stream turbulence intensity of 1.9%. One steady and two different unsteady inlet flow conditions with the corresponding passing frequencies, wake velocities, and turbulence intensities were investigated. The reduced frequencies cover the entire operating range of LP turbines. In addition to the unsteady boundary layer measurements, blade surface measurements were performed at the same Reynolds number. The surface pressure measurements were also carried out at one steady and two periodic unsteady inlet flow conditions. The results presented in ensemble-averaged, and the contour plot forms help to understand the physics of the separation phenomenon under periodic unsteady wake flow. It was found that the suction surface displayed a strong separation bubble for these three different reduced frequencies. For each condition, the locations and the heights defining the separation bubble were determined by carefully analyzing and examining the pressure and the mean velocity profile data. The location of boundary layer separation was independent of the reduced frequency level. However, the extent of the separation was strongly dependent on the reduced frequency level. Once the unsteady wake started to penetrate into the separation bubble, the turbulent spot produced in the wake paths caused a reduction of the separation bubble height.Copyright © 2004 by ASME


How can we classify multi-way data such as network traffic logs with multi-way relations between source IPs, destination IPs, and ports? Multi-way data can be represented as a tensor, and there have been several studies on classification of tensors to date. One critical issue in the classification of multi-way relations is how to extract important features for classification when objects in different multi-way data, i.e., in different tensors, are not necessarily in correspondence. In such situations, we aim to extract features that do not depend on how we allocate indices to an object such as a specific source IP; we are interested in only the structures of the multi-way relations. However, this issue has not been considered in previous studies on classification of multi-way data. We propose a novel method which can learn and classify multi-way data using neural networks. Our method leverages a novel type of tensor decomposition that utilizes a target core tensor expressing the important features whose indices are independent of those of the multi-way data. The target core tensor guides the tensor decomposition into more effective results and is optimized in a supervised manner. Our experiments on three different domains show that our method is highly accurate, especially on higher order data. It also enables us to interpret the classification results along with the matrices calculated with the novel tensor decomposition.


We investigate the transverse spatial profile of downconverted light produced by noncollinear, degenerate, type-I spontaneous parametric downconversion in two types of nonlinear crystals. We find that the pattern produced by one crystal, beta barium borate (BBO), produces a circular downconversion pattern while the other crystal, bismuth triborate (BiBO), produces an elliptical pattern. We show this difference is due to the angle-independent refractive index experienced by the daughter photons in BBO, while they experience an angle-dependent refractive index in BiBO. We image the transverse spatial profile of the generated light to determine the eccentricity produced by each crystal and develop a model to explain our observation. Among other things, this model predicts that there is a wavelength for which the eccentricity from BiBO is nearly zero. Finally, we discuss how the elliptical ring pattern produced in BiBO potentially affects polarization entanglement for experimental setups that collect biphotons around the entire downconversion ring. We show that the quality of polarization entanglement as measured by the overlap integral of the spectrum of the two rings can remain high (>99.4%) around the entire ring at the expense of decreased biphoton rate.


The study determined the respondents' profile, the level assessment of social anxiety disorder of the respondents and if there are significant differences in the level assessment of social anxiety disorder when grouped according to their profile. The respondents of the study were 306 college freshmen out of 1290 total population. Majority of the respondents were taking Bachelor of Industrial Technology, went to public schools for their secondary education and were living with their parents. As a whole, they have marked social anxiety disorder (SAD), males have moderate SAD while females showed a marked social anxiety disorder. Bachelor of Science in Architecture and Engineering and Bachelor of Industrial Technology courses have moderate social anxiety disorder while Education and Business courses have marked social anxiety disorder. Respondents from public secondary schools exhibited marked social anxiety disorder while those from private schools have moderate social anxiety disorder. Respondents regardless of their living conditions have marked social anxiety disorder.


As a self-supervised learning paradigm, contrastive learning has been widely used to pre-train a powerful encoder as an effective feature extractor for various downstream tasks. This process requires numerous unlabeled training data and computational resources, which makes the pre-trained encoder become the valuable intellectual property of the owner. However, the lack of a priori knowledge of downstream tasks makes it non-trivial to protect the intellectual property of the pre-trained encoder by applying conventional watermarking methods. To deal with this problem, in this paper, we introduce AWEncoder, an adversarial method for watermarking the pre-trained encoder in contrastive learning. First, as an adversarial perturbation, the watermark is generated by enforcing the training samples to be marked to deviate respective location and surround a randomly selected key image in the embedding space. Then, the watermark is embedded into the pre-trained encoder by further optimizing a joint loss function. As a result, the watermarked encoder not only performs very well for downstream tasks, but also enables us to verify its ownership by analyzing the discrepancy of output provided using the encoder as the backbone under both white-box and black-box conditions. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed work enjoys quite good effectiveness and robustness on different contrastive learning algorithms and downstream tasks, which has verified the superiority and applicability of the proposed work.


Abstract Aim of the Study A history of esophageal atresia (EA) may result in chronic morbidity. The transition of patients from pediatric to adult care has been recognized as an important factor to maintain disease-specific follow-up and prevent exacerbation of chronic disease. Patient education is recognized as a necessary part of transition programs for children with chronic diseases. Structured education programs for patients with EA have not yet been developed. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a transition-specific educational program in adolescents with a history of EA. Methods An ethical approval was obtained. Patients with a history of EA (age 14–21 years) and their parents were invited to participate in a 2-day transition-specific educational program. Overall, 29 patients and 25 parents were recruited out of whom 10/7 were allocated to the intervention group (program) and 19/18 to the control group (no program). Subjective satisfaction (ZUF-8) and expected effects of the program on the future course of the disease, transition-specific knowledge (standardized questionnaire addressing organizational and health-related aspects of transition), health-related quality of life (DISABKIDS), and confidence for self-management (Patient Activation Measure-13) were measured with appropriate psychological instruments. Nonparametric tests were used for statistical analysis. Main Results Subjects participating were highly satisfied with the program (patients 26/32 points, parents 25/32; ZUF-8). Overall, 90% of the patients and 67% of the parents anticipated a positive effect on the future course of the disease. Patient's transition-specific knowledge was low before the program (36% correct answers). It improved by 18% after the intervention (56% correct answers; p = 0.004). It did not change in the control group (54 vs. 52%; n.s.). Parent's transition-specific knowledge did not change after the intervention (66 vs. 67% correct answers; ns). In patients, there were no detectable effects on health-related quality of life (79.7 intervention vs. 81.5 controls; DISABKIDS general score) or self-management (44.4 intervention vs. 41.4 controls; PAM-13). Conclusions We identified a deficit of transition-specific knowledge in adolescents with a history of EA. These patients benefit from a transition-specific education program. Thus, the transition to adult care may be facilitated resulting in an improved long-term care of patients with EA.


Kokanee were the centerpiece of a productive commercial and recreational fishery in Lake Pend Oreille, Idaho for decades, before declining substantially in the late 1960s. The decline has been attributed to poor recruitment caused by a reduction in quality shoreline spawning habitat, which was linked to a hydropower-related shift to a lower minimum water level. This thesis evaluated the effects of habitat characteristics and water level on shorespawning kokanee incubation success using a laboratory experiment, two in situ incubation studies, and a stock assessment model. All three incubation studies found that substrate size composition was a poor predictor of survival. The in situ studies found that kokanee eggs deposited at depths >10 m were viable and intragravel survival appeared to be enhanced by downwelling in habitat that was ostensibly poor. The egg box investigations and stock assessment model together suggested that water-level management is not an effective strategy for increasing the recruitment of shore-spawning kokanee.


In this study, the concept of fractional wavelet packet transform is explored with its application in digital watermarking. The core idea of the proposed watermarking scheme is to decompose an image via fractional wavelet packet transform and then a reference image is created by changing the positions of all frequency sub-bands at each level with respect to some rule which is secret and only known to the owner/creator. For embedding, the reference image is segmented into non-overlapping blocks and modify its singular values with the watermark singular values. Finally, a reliable watermark extraction algorithm is developed for the extraction of watermark from the distorted image. The feasibility of this method and its robustness against different kind of attacks are verified by computer simulations.


Author(s): McVay, Derek Joseph | Advisor(s): Brouwer, Jack | Abstract: Renewable power generation is intermittent and non-dispatchable, but is steadily increasing in penetration due to lower costs associated with installation and demand for clean power generation. Without significant energy storage available to a grid with high renewable penetration, a mismatch between the load and the power available can. Furthermore, advanced high temperature nuclear reactors offer clean power generation, but only at a baseload operation scenario due to the significant thermal inertia associated with the reactor. Also, natural gas is expected to continue to play a major role during and after the transition from modest renewable use to a majority of renewable penetration, but will need to have a reduced carbon footprint. In this study, the storage of otherwise curtailed renewable power through hydrogen via high temperature electrolysis and the dispatch of shifted renewable power through hydrogen via reversible high temperature fuel cells is studied on a system level utilizing spatially resolved dynamic physical system models built upon fundamental principles. Reversible solid oxide fuel cell (RSOFC) systems are considered for the bulk of the analysis for standalone, thermally self-sufficient systems using a combustor and resistive heaters. RSOFC systems are also considered for integration with renewable power for storage and dispatch of renewable power at various scales including grid-scale energy storage. Additionally, a nuclear reactor is coupled with a solid oxide electrolyzer system in order to study the ability of dispatching a nuclear power plant by shifting the heat from the turbine generators to the electrolyzer during periods of high renewable generation. Molten carbonate electrolysis used in a reformer-electrolyzer-purifier (REP) concept is considered for the generation of hydrogen from steam and natural gas where the power input is renewable resulting in a portion of renewable hydrogen from natural gas feedstock. The results of the work provide valuable insights into the steady-state and dynamic operation of RSOFC systems under various loads and system configurations. Integration with renewables, nuclear, and grid energy storage were studied and the benefits and challenges discussed. The REP integration with renewable power and natural gas feedstock was verified with experimental data and dynamic simulations were conducted.


For the cooling system of plastic injection mold affects significantly the productivity and quality of the finial products, the cooling system design is of great importance. In this paper, considering the location, size, number of cooling channels and mold material properties, the optimization design of heterogeneous injection mold cooling system is discussed to achieve simultaneously fast and uniform cooling. A mathematical model is constructed in which the part temperature distribution uniformity and production efficiency are taken as the objective function for cooling system design of heterogeneous injection mold. For the reason of the non-linearity of design problem and the coupling of geometric with material variable, the design problem is divided into two sub-problems and the combining algorithm is used in such way that, the geometric optimization sub-problem is solved by Hooke-Jeeves method and the material optimization sub-problem is solved by particle swarm optimization (PSO) method. The effectiveness of the approach is illustrated by a design example of injection mold cooling system.


This article aims to study contents and reasons that sustain an ethno-centric-State view about migration, based on the combination between State thought and a colonial cultural and political attitude, that reproduces the hierarchization of global population. The article proposes an epistemological and methodological critics, widely based on Abdelmalek Sayad's writings, that questions the hegemonic way to observe and know migration. At the same time, these critics, normatively, allows to highlight the need to free migration from State words, which are dominant in the understanding oh human mobility, beginning by the recognition of migration's historicity, power relations in which migration are made and relative autonomy of migration.


A major environmental concern due to dispersal of industrial and urban
wastes generated by human activities is the contamination of soil. The release
of heavy metals into the terrestrial ecosystem is a major problem. Accumulation
of heavy metals in environment and particularly in soil is a serious
environmental concern, as the accumulated heavy metal ions can find their way
into living organisms via contamination of ground water or food chain. This
praxis urgently requires and demands governmental regulations in India. Two
samples of sludge were collected from Banthar Industrial Pollution Control
Company (BIPCC), UP State Industrial Development Corporation (UPSIDC), Leather
Technology Park, Banthar, Unnao, India. In the present study, the phytoremediation
potential of Catharanthus roseus, a
valued medicinal plant, with respect to chromium has been analyzed. C.
roseus was shown to absorb up to about 38% of the amount of Cr present in
primary and secondary sludge amended soil through roots and accumulate it to
about 22% in leaves. Effect of chromium concentration on the status of
antioxidant enzyme peroxidase (POD) and detoxification enzyme
glutathione-S-transferase (GST) from C.
roseus leaves was also observed and determined. Increased expressions of
POD and GST were observed on native PAGE under stress conditions as compared to
control. C. roseus can well tolerate low amounts of chromium (and accumulate
it to about 22% in leaves) and can, thus, prove useful in the reclamation and
remediation of chromium contaminated soil and land.


To evaluate the lactation curve of Khuzestani buffaloes in the south west of Iran and to determine its describing function, 89140 test day records of buffaloes, collected in 1991 to 2015, were used. In order to draw the real and predicted curves by Wood, Wilmink, Parabolic, Mixed Logarithmic and Inverse Polynomial models, the average of test-day records in 10 lactations and 4 seasons, with 14 days intervals, were used. All the functions were fitted using NLIN procedure of SAS 9.1 software. The results showed that, based on real data, the lactation curve of Khuzestani buffaloes became more typical from 4th and 6th lactation, as it was completed with three steps of increasing production, peak yield and decreasing phase after peak time in the 7th and 8th parities. Based on the criteria, studied functions did not have the same performance for lactation curve so that the Wood function was the best model. According to Wood function, peak of milk production increased from the first lactation and its maximum value was obtained for the 8th lactation. The time of peak yield for the studied curves were highly variable (between 79 and 90 days). In terms of estimated amount for persistency, there was not much difference among curves of different lactation, so that obtained values were very close together. In fact, we can say that lactation curves of studied buffaloes were flat, as the difference between the beginning and the end of production was very low. The results also showed that among different seasons, parabolic function had the best fitting for calving in the seasons of spring, autumn and winter and Mixed Logarithmic function was the best for calving season of summer.


Factors such as urbanization, population growth, and localization have increased the demand for services of municipalities. With the increasing demand for services, the role of municipal economic enterprises established within the municipality has become important in the realization of service delivery. While the expenditures of the municipalities increased with the services provided by the municipality, there was no increase in the revenues of the municipality in the same direction. This situation brought up the problem of financing in municipalities. The main issue in solving the financing problem is the efficient use of resources. One of the important ways that municipalities, which have become an important buyer in the private market, will use in the efficient use of resources is to make public procurements transparent and competitive. The purpose of this study, which examines the shares of municipal economic enterprises in local public procurements through Bursa Metropolitan Municipality sample, is to reveal whether competition and equal treatment has been carried out in municipal tenders. In this context, the public procurements made by the Bursa Metropolitan Municipality between the years 2010-2020 from the electronic public procurement platform were examined and the competition conditions were analyzed in the tenders participated by the municipal economic enterprises. Results achieved in the study show that Bursa Metropolitan Municipality has an important share in municipal economic enterprises in public procurements and does not comply with the principles of competition and equal treatment of the municipality.


Ultra-low emittance (tens of nm) beams can be generated in a plasma accelerator using ionization injection of electrons into a wakefield. An all-optical method of beam generation uses two laser pulses of different colors. A long-wavelength drive laser pulse (with a large ponderomotive force and small peak electric field) is used to excite a large wakefield without fully ionizing a gas, and a short-wavelength injection laser pulse (with a small ponderomotive force and large peak electric field), co-propagating and delayed with respect to the pump laser, to ionize a fraction of the remaining bound electrons at a trapped wake phase, generating an electron beam that is accelerated in the wake. The trapping condition, the ionized electron distribution, and the trapped bunch dynamics are discussed. Expressions for the beam transverse emittance, parallel and orthogonal to the ionization laser polarization, are presented. An example is shown using a 10-μm CO2 laser to drive the wake and a frequency-doubled Ti:Al2O3 laser for ionization injection.


Although the nonfermentative, asaccharolytic, putative anaerobes Wolinella curva, Wolinella recta, Bacteroides ureolyticus, and Bacteroides gracilis are phylogenetically related to the true campylobacters, the type strains of these species exhibited O2-dependent microaerophilic growth in brucella broth and on brucella agar. The optimum O2 levels for growth of these strains ranged from 4 to 14% in brucella broth and from 2 to 8% on brucella agar, when H2 was provided as the electron donor. No growth occurred under 21% O2, and scant or no growth occurred under anaerobic conditions unless fumarate or nitrate was provided as a terminal electron acceptor. Aspartate, asparagine, and malate also served as apparent electron acceptors. The organisms were catalase negative and, except for B. gracilis, oxidase positive. Catalase added to brucella broth enhanced growth. O2 uptake by all species was inhibited by cyanide and 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide. We concluded that these organisms are not anaerobes but instead are microaerophiles, like their campylobacter relatives.


Objective: To determine the frequency, age distribution and clinical presentation of carotid sinus hypersensitivity (CSH) among 373 patients (age range 15–92 years) referred to two autonomic referral centres during a 10-year period. Methods: Carotid sinus massage (CSM) was performed both supine and during 60° head-up tilt. Beat-to-beat blood pressure, heart rate and a three-lead electrocardiography were recorded continuously. CSH was classified as cardioinhibitory (asystole ⩾3 s), vasodepressor (systolic blood pressure fall ⩾50 mm Hg) or mixed. All patients additionally underwent autonomic screening tests for orthostatic hypotension and autonomic failure. Results: CSH was observed in 13.7% of all patients. The diagnostic yield of CSM was nil in patients aged <50 years (n = 65), 2.4% in those aged 50–59 years (n = 82), 9.1% in those aged 60–69 years (n = 77), 20.7% in those aged 70–79 years (n = 92) and reached 40.4% in those >80 years (n = 57). Syncope was the leading clinical symptom in 62.8%. In 27.4% of patients falls without definite loss of consciousness was the main clinical symptom. Mild and mainly systolic orthostatic hypotension was recorded in 17.6%; evidence of sympathetic or parasympathetic dysfunction was found in none. Conclusions: CSH was confirmed in patients >50 years, the incidence steeply increasing with age. The current European Society of Cardiology guidelines that recommend testing for CSH in all patients >40 years with syncope of unknown aetiology may need reconsideration. Orthostatic hypotension was noted in some patients with CSH, but evidence of sympathetic or parasympathetic failure was not found in any of them.


As part of a study of the areal properties of the phonetic structures of the Mackenzie Basin Dene (Athabaskan) languages and dialects, this talk examines the realization of tone in several of these language communities which constitute an important group for which, until recently, little phonetic documentation has been available. Despite their impressive geographic spread, these languages are known to be phonetically and morphologically conservative (Sapir 1945): they share a surprisingly consistent phonemic inventory, phonetic realization patterns, and a morphological structure well known for its complexity.

There are several reasons why areal properties of tone in this group are of interest. First, these are consonantal languages, the inventories are obstruent heavy, with several laryngeal consonants, including ejectives and glottal stops. The sonorant inventory is quite small. The pitch contour is broken constrained to the often reduced vowels, contrary to what we find in other tone language groups. Second, the distinction between paradigmatic (grammatical) and lexical tone is not transparent. Third, tonogenesis, arguably resulting from the incorporation of glottal suffixes into the word-final stem, in a random way produced both H and L tone, even between neighboring daughter languages. This tonal reversal cannot be linked to a single historical change. Thus the documentation of this type tone reversal within a closely related group with near identical tonongenesis patterns is important to theories of tone and language change. Fourth, plausibly the contrast between constricted and non-constricted stem vowels resulted from the incorporation of glottal suffixes, preceding the development of stem tonal contrasts; constriction may have effected the development of tone contrasts in the pre-stem domain, may be related to the reversals via a role in enhancing stem distinctions.

In this talk, we examine tone from 4 communities in the Mackenzie Basin group, with examples of both H and L tone-marked languages (tone reversal), in an instrumental analysis of fieldwork data, in a preliminary analysis of the tone data. The broad goal is to provide a documentation of the pitch typology and variation in this area and its relationship to the theories of Athabaskan tonogenesis, with an instrumental analysis of pitch patterns including pitch range, tone bearing units, peak/valley alignment, tone distribution, and patterns in tone realization between the morphological categories (pre-stem (inflectional) versus stem (content) domains)


The Palaeozoic to recent evolution of the Tethys system gave way to the largest mountain chain of the world extending from the Atlantic to Pacific oceans – the Alpine– Himalayan Mountain chain, which is still developing as a result of collision and northwards convergence of continental blocks including Apulia in the west, the Afro-Arabian Plate in the middle and the Indian Plate in the east. This Special Publication addresses the main problems of the middle part of this system incorporating the Balkans, Black Sea and Greater Caucasus in the north and the Afro-Arabian Plate in the south. Since the Early Mesozoic a number of small to large scale oceanic basins opened and closed as the intervening continental fragments drifted northwards and diachronously collided with and accreted to the southern margin of the Eurasian Plate. Despite the remarkable consequences of this, in terms of subduction, obduction and orogenic processes, little is known about the timing and palaeogeographic evolution of the region. This includes the amounts of shortening and interplay between synconvergent extension and compression, development of magmatic arc and arc-related basins and the timing and mechanism of their deformation. The chapters presented in this Special Publication present new information that help to fill some of the gaps of


Renewable energy market growth is imperative to reach a sustainable society. This necessity demands improving existing methodologies to exploit green energy sources and explore new technologies. Wave energy is one of the sources with the larger offer in power available in the oceans to be harvested; however, the remoteness and extreme conditions of the best locations to harvest wave energy have made the development of wave energy converters expensive and less attractive than other green energy sources that operate on land. Overtopping wave energy converters (OWEC) operate on the shore, facilitating their construction and maintenance. They can be integrated into coastal defences, sharing the cost of construction and their environmental impact and creating new benefits from the coastal defence. The effectiveness of an OWEC relies strongly on their ability to capture wave-overtopping volumes. The geometry of the run-up ramp (slope and shape) plays an important role in the efficiency of an OWEC. An optimum geometry for each location and wave condition needs to be found to maximise the operation of any OWEC. The efficiency of these devices, quantified by the hydraulic efficiency, must be improved to make them an attractive solution for energy conversion. Three distinguishable processes occurred on the ramp of an OWEC; the wave collapse, run-up and run-down (backwash). The first two have attracted more attention from researchers, specially oriented to the design of coastal defences, but fewer studies have analysed the impact of the backwash on the energy losses during the collapse of the waves. When an incoming wave approaches the run-up ramp, it crashes against the backwash, composed of the water volume that didn't overtop the structure in the previous wave. These interactions increase turbulences and, therefore, energy dissipation, affecting the performance of an OWEC. This study analyses the hydrodynamics during the backwash flows' and incoming waves' interaction on sloped structures. A numerical code Hydro3D, based on Large Eddy Simulations, is used to conduct the present study. As a reference condition, a structure with a freeboard high enough to not allow wave overtopping is tested; in this case, all the water that run-up the slope runs down after the water tongue reaches its highest elevation. Structures with lower freeboards are tested to allow different wave overtopping levels and backwash flows. The impact of different backwash flow conditions on energy dissipation is then evaluated. The founding of this study allows us to verify if a reduction in the backwash flows can improve the efficiency of a OWEC.


We have experimentally and theoretically studied the scheme of all-optical switching based on stored light pulses. In the scheme, a probe pulse is stored in the medium by the effect of electromagnetically induced transparency and a switching pulse is applied during the storage in order to turn off the probe transmission in the retrieval process. Our study takes into account the attenuation of the switching pulse induced by the stored probe pulse. The consistency between the experimental data and the theoretical predictions from the numerical calculation is satisfactory. We further derive the analytical expressions of energy losses of the probe and switching pulses. The results from the analytical expressions are in good agreement with those from the numerical calculation. Using the analytical expressions, we investigated the switching efficiency with the consideration of the Gaussian beam profile of the photon pulses and explored the feasibility of switching a single photon by another.


A discrete element numerical model simulating the process of gas pressurization in coalbed methane wells is built based on UDEC software. The model considers the unique vertical fracture system of the coal. Simulates the distribution of effective stress, pore pressure and the node displacement vector around the wellbore in the process of pressurization under different terrestrial stress conditions. The analysis shows that, reservoir fluid flow and matrix deformation in the pressurization of cavity completion can be better represented by taking coal's unique fracture system into consideration. Coal reservoir with anisotropic stress is more prone to rupture and collapse than that under isotropic condition. In the vertical fracture system, the discrepancy of the fluid velocity will lead to differences in formation stress gradient and help generate shearing fracture. Tensile fractures' formation and growing trend can be reflected by nodal displacement vector distribution.


Background: Bypass graft surgery remains to be an important treatment option for left main and multivessel coronary artery disease. Approximately 2% of saphenous vein grafts are lost immediately after the coronary artery bypass graft operations and 12% in the first month due to thrombosis. Aims: To administer one anticoagulant and two antiplatelet agents in a way that locally affects the vein graft before the bypass operation and to thereby analyse their effects on early graft thrombosis. Study Design: Animal experimentation. Methods: Since ticagrelor was used locally for the first time in this study, its efficacy in combination with other drugs (acetylsalicylic acid, acetylsalicylic acid and ticagrelor, and acetylsalicylic acid + ticagrelor + unfractionated heparin) was examined on rats including control (untreated) and sham (pluronic gel) group (n=14 for each group). Before the tunica adventitia layer of the femoral veins was bypassed to the femoral artery, it was coated with the drug-eluting pluronic F-127 gel. The presence or absence of thrombus in the vein graft samples was recorded under light microscopy. In vein graft preparations where thrombus was detected, the thrombus area (μm2) was calculated using the Axiovision software. Immunohistochemical staining was performed with the anti-rat von Willebrand factor polyclonal antibody kit. Results: The number of preparations containing thrombus was significantly lower in the acetylsalicylic acid + ticagrelor + unfractionated heparin group than in the acetylsalicylic acid, control, and sham groups, according to the comparisons made on the 1st and 3rd days (p=0.001 and 0.02, respectively). von Willebrand factor staining was significantly lower in the acetylsalicylic acid + ticagrelor + unfractionated heparin group than in the other groups on the 3rd day (p=0.005). Conclusion: Locally effective acetylsalicylic acid-ticagrelor-unfractionated heparin complex has been shown to significantly reduce thrombus formation in vein grafts in this experimental model. Local administration of these drugs, which are routinely administered orally just before stent implantations, on the vein graft before the bypass is performed can prevent the loss of vein grafts due to thrombus, thereby reducing the mortality and morbidity of these patients.


Because student engagement is believed to be a predictor of academic achievement, there is significant interest in discovering methods that will improve and increase student engagement at all levels of education. This study investigated the relationship between digital and social media usage and student engagement. In particular, this study sought to investigate how adding (1) a learning management system (LMS) and (2) a dedicated marketing Twitter feed influenced the self-reported engagement levels of undergraduate marketing students. The results show that students were more engaged when the LMS and Twitter feed were used. Specifically, Twitter usage had a positive impact on engagement with a marketing course while LMS usage had a positive impact on engagement with the School of Business. Seniors significantly used the LMS more than underclassmen but there were no differences in Twitter usage between these groups. The results also showed that students were most engaged with their marketing course, followed by the College, and the School of Business respectively.


An emigrant from Russia Alexandre Bennigsen gathered a team of scholars and initiated the edition of documents from the Topkapi Palace Archives regarding the Crimean Khanate. Forty-six documents were issued by the Crimean side: three of them can be classified as donation yarliqs, nine as donation yarliqs cum sartnames, six as sartnames, nineteen as ahdnames, three as oathyarliqs, and six as others. Most of these documents were issued by the khans, but four were issued by the qalgas (1527, 1637, 1640, and 1667, the latter issued collectively by the qalga and other Crimean notables), one by the nureddin (1640), one by the khans son and heir apparent who yet was not a qalga (1517), and two by the Crimean envoys sent to Poland (1541 and 1599). This chapter presents Document 16 dealing with the Şartname (lectra patente) regarding Poland sent by Khan Mengli Giray to King Sigismund.Keywords: sartnames; ahdnames; Khan Mengli Giray; King Sigismund; lectra patente; Topkapi Palace Archives; yarliqs


Despite their high prevalence, lack of understanding of the exact pathophysiology of the functional gastrointestinal disorders has restricted us to symptomatic diagnostic tools and therapies. Complex mechanisms underlying the disturbances in the bidirectional communication between the gastrointestinal tract and the brain have a vital role in the pathogenesis and are key to our understanding of the disease phenomenon. Although we have come a long way in our understanding of these complex disorders with the help of studies on animals especially rodents, there need to be more studies in humans, especially to identify the therapeutic targets. This review study looks at the anatomical features of the gut-brain axis in order to discuss the different factors and underlying molecular mechanisms that may have a role in the pathogenesis of functional gastrointestinal disorders. These molecules and their receptors can be targeted in future for further studies and possible therapeutic interventions. The article also discusses the potential role of artificial intelligence and machine learning and its possible role in our understanding of these scientifically challenging disorders.


This article introduces a three-axis framework indicating how AI can be informed by biological examples of social learning mechanisms. We argue that the complex human cognitive architecture owes a large portion of its expressive power to its ability to engage in social and cultural learning. However, the field of AI has mostly embraced a solipsistic perspective on intelligence. We thus argue that social interactions not only are largely unexplored in this field but also are an essential element of advanced cognitive ability, and therefore constitute metaphorically the "dark matter" of AI. In the first section, we discuss how social learning plays a key role in the development of intelligence. We do so by discussing social and cultural learning theories and empirical findings from social neuroscience. Then, we discuss three lines of research that fall under the umbrella of Social NeuroAI and can contribute to developing socially intelligent embodied agents in complex environments. First, neuroscientific theories of cognitive architecture, such as the global workspace theory and the attention schema theory, can enhance biological plausibility and help us understand how we could bridge individual and social theories of intelligence. Second, intelligence occurs in time as opposed to over time, and this is naturally incorporated by dynamical systems. Third, embodiment has been demonstrated to provide more sophisticated array of communicative signals. To conclude, we discuss the example of active inference, which offers powerful insights for developing agents that possess biological realism, can self-organize in time, and are socially embodied.


In this study, circulation types, their long‐term mean occurrence frequencies and relationships with precipitation are investigated for the region Marmara, which is the most populated, agriculturally developed and industrialized area in Turkey. Automated Lamb Weather Types classification method is applied on NCEP/NCAR daily mean sea level pressure data to determine the circulation types. Northeasterly (NE) and easterly (E) types are found to be the most frequent both on the annual basis and during winter (DJF, the wettest season in the region). Circulation types with the highest rainfall potential, namely the cyclonic (C) and the northerly (N), are among the least frequent; therefore they are not the dominant 'rainfall modes'. Instead, NE and E have the greatest contribution to the regionally averaged rainfall amount, although they do not have the highest potential to create precipitation. This shows that Marmara Region receives a substantial amount of precipitation from northerly and easterly maritime trajectories, implying a profound influence of the Black Sea on the rainfall regime in this area. However, rainfall at the stations that are far away or less affected by the Black Sea (especially at the ones in the west) occurs during types with a southerly component (S, SW and SE). Our results reveal that, in Marmara Region, the response of precipitation to atmospheric circulation is rather complex and spatially inhomogeneous; in line with the complex topography of the area. Therefore, water management policies should be adopted accordingly, taking all local characteristics into account.


Abstract. To retrieve the physical properties of aerosols from multi-channel
ground-based and satellite measurements, we developed a shape model of coated
soot particles and created a dataset of their optical properties. Bare soot
particles were assumed to have an aggregate shape, and two types of
aggregates with different size–shape dependences were modeled using a
polyhedral Voronoi structure. To simulate the detailed shape properties of
mixtures of soot aggregates and adhered water-soluble substances, we propose
a simple model of surface tension derived from the artificial surface
potential. The light-scattering properties of the modeled particles with
different volume fractions of water-soluble material were calculated using
the finite-difference time-domain method and discrete-dipole approximation.
The results of the single-scattering albedo and asymmetry factors were
compared to those of conventional internally mixed spheres (i.e., effective
medium spheres based on the Maxwell-Garnett approximation and simple
core-shell spheres). In addition, the lidar backscattering properties (i.e.,
lidar ratios and linear depolarization ratios) of the modeled soot particles
were investigated. For internally mixed soot particles, the lidar
backscattering properties were sensitive to the shape of the soot particles
and the volume mixing ratio of the assumed water-soluble components. However,
the average optical properties of biomass smoke, which have been reported
from in situ field and laboratory measurements, were difficult to explain
based on the individually modeled particle. Nonetheless, our shape model and
its calculated optical properties are expected to be useful as an alternative
model for biomass smoke particles in advanced remote sensing via
multi-channel radiometer and lidar measurements.


A panel at ICIS 2005 in Las Vegas, NV questioned how social representations (SR) theory could illuminate central questions related to the research and practice of Knowledge Management (KM). The panel included IS researchers who examined different aspects of SR theory and their implications for the understanding of knowledge and knowledge management dynamics. The topics covered in the panel and this report include: the representations of knowledge in the history of KM systems, the role of discursive processes in the emergence of new representations and knowledge, the non-consensual nature of knowledge of various communities, and the potential contributions of a structural approach to SR for situated learning research. This paper elaborates on the presentations of the panel and summarizes the issues raised during its discussion session.


Purpose:IMRToptimization solutions are influenced by the computation algorithms used in the estimation of the radiation field incident upon the patient as well as the dose calculation algorithm. This work describes a technique for evaluating the dose prediction errors (DPEs) and optimization convergence errors (OCEs) due to inaccuracies in the heterogeneity correction of the optimization dose calculation algorithm. Method and Materials: The heterogeneity‐induced DPE and OCE of convolution‐based optimization are studied by utilizing a sequential deliverable‐based IMRToptimization. Initially, a method (MxOpt) utilizing a Monte Carlo (MC)‐based algorithm to estimate the incident upon a patient fluence (derived from the MLC leaf sequences), coupled to a conventional (convolution) dose calculation algorithm, is used for the optimization. Following the MxOptoptimization convergence, a second method which utilizes MC for both fluence prediction and dose deposition in a patient is performed. DPEs due to patient heterogeneities and incident fluence prediction are evaluated by re‐computing MxOpt converged solution with a full MC (MxOpt+MC) method, while OCEs are evaluated by comparing the MxOpt+MC computed dose with the converged MCOptoptimization result. The technique is evaluated by performing the optimization sequences on two Head‐and‐Neck IMRT patient plans. Dose‐volume indices were evaluated to compare the plans. Results: For the plans assessed, the GTV D98 and CTV D95 indices agree within ±2% for both DPE and OCE estimations. The Nodal‐CTV D90 DPEs and OCEs are within 3%. The DPEs and OCEs in the critical structures (Cord D02, Brainstem D02, and Parotid D50.) are less than 3.5%. When MCOpt follows MxOpt, only 3–4 iterations were required for convergence. Conclusion: A technique for evaluation of the DPEs and the OCEs in the deliverable IMRToptimization has been developed. The feasibility of the proposed technique was demonstrated on two Head‐and‐Neck deliverable IMRT plans. (Supported by NIH‐1R01CA98524).


In this communication the author gave descriptions of all the fossils hitherto undescribed from the Menevian rocks of Wales. The additions made to the fauna of the Lower Cambrian rocks (Longmynd and Menevian groups) by the author's researches in Wales during the last few years now number about fifty species, belonging to twenty-two genera, as follows:— Trilobites, 10 genera and 30 species. Bivalved and other Crustaceans, 3 genera and 4 species. Brachiopods, 4 genera and 6 species. Pteropods, 3 genera and 6 species. Sponges, 1 genus and 4 species. Cystideans, 1 genus and 1 species. By adding to these the Annelids, which are plentiful also in these rocks, we get seven great groups represented in this fauna, the earliest known at present in this country. By referring to the Tables published in M. Barrande's excellent new work on Trilobites, it will be seen that this country also has produced a greater variety, or, rather, representatives of a greater number of groups from these early rocks, than any other country. The species described included Agnostus, 5 species; Arionellus, 1 species; Erinnys, 1 species; Holocephalina, 1 species; Conocoryphe, 2 species; Anopolenus, 2 species; Cyrtotheca, 1 species; Stenotheca, 1 species; Theca, 2 species; Protocystites, 1 species, &c. The author also entered into a consideration of the range of the genera and species in these early rocks, and showed that, with the exception of the Brachiopods, Sponges, and the smaller Crustacea, the range was very limited.


The differential cross-section as a function of rapidity has been measured for the exclusive production of $J/\psi$ and $\psi(2S)$ mesons in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV, using data collected by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 930 pb$^{-1}$. The cross-sections times branching fractions to two muons having pseudorapidities between 2.0 and 4.5 are measured to be $$\begin{array}{rl} \sigma_{pp\rightarrow J/\psi\rightarrow{\mu^+}{\mu^-}}(2.0<\eta_{\mu^\pm }<4.5)=&291\pm 7\pm19 {\rm \ pb},\\ \sigma_{pp\rightarrow\psi(2S)\rightarrow{\mu^+}{\mu^-}}(2.0<\eta_{\mu^\pm}<4.5)=&6.5\pm 0.9\pm 0.4 {\rm \ pb},\end{array}$$ where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. The measurements agree with next-to-leading order QCD predictions as well as with models that include saturation effects.


Forecasting the electric load demand in advance is very important in deregulated market conditions to give proper production, purchase, maintenance and investment decisions. Correct price forecasts also depend on accurate load prediction. In this study, effects of calendar, historical price and load data on short-term load forecast for Turkish Deregulated Electricity market are tested using feed forward neural networks. The impact of each data on forecast performance is evaluated and best performance is obtained using a combination of historical and predicted load, calendar information and historical price information.


Staphylococci were isolated from rural and urban populations in Iraq, which were not known to be exposed to either heavy metals or antibiotics. The antibiotic and heavy metal resistance patterns of these strains were analyzed in both mannitol-fermenting and nonfermenting strains. Over 90% of the strains were resistant to at least one of the following antibiotics: penicillin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, tetracycline, cephalothin, lincomycin, or methicillin. In general, mannitol-fermenting strains were resistant to penicillin and cupric ions. Mannitol-negative strains were more frequently associated with mercuric ion and tetracycline resistance. Although resistance to penicillin and tetracycline can coexist, the combination of penicillin resistance and tetracycline resistance usually occurred in mannitol-negative strains. The possibility of selection of heavy metal-resistant strains due to exposure to toxic levels of methylmercury was examined. No significant increase in mercuric ion-resistant strains of staphylococci or Escherichia coli were detected in exposed populations as compared to control groups. The possible reasons for this result are discussed.


Weld solidification cracking is an important issue in fusion welding. If undetected, the cracking defects can act as stress concentration sites which lead to premature failure via fatigue, as well as offer favourable sites for hydrogen assisted cracking and stress corrosion cracking. For welded steel products such as deep sea oil and gas transportation pipes, such defects heighten the risk of catastrophic in-service failures. Such failures can lead to devastating environmental, economic, and social damage. In this thesis, a comprehensive review of literature associated with steel linepipe and solidification cracking defects is first presented. Fluid flow prior to solidification is then observed and quantified in situ using a novel synchrotron X-ray radiography approach. The flow is dynamic at velocities up to 0.52 m/s and primarily driven via Marangoni flow. The relationship between the microstructure and mechanical properties of the welded linepipe are extensively characterised, with a new equation derived to assess fracture toughness based on the size and distribution of carbonitride precipitates. Weld residual stresses are measured both before and after linepipe expansion in the U-forming, Oforming and expansion process for the first time using a neutron diffraction technique. To further understand the fundamental mechanisms of solidification cracking during welding of high strength steels for subsea linepipe, a novel small-scale Varestraint test rig was developed for use in synchrotron X-ray imaging experiments and a Transvarestriant test rig utilised for industrial scale weldability tests. Solidification cracking during the welding of steel is observed in situ for the first time using a microradiography approach and the 3D crack network is rebuilt using a micro-tomography technique. It is proposed that solidification cracks nucleate from sub-surface cavities associated with: i) residual liquid high in solute and impurity concentration (hot cracks), ii) Ti (C,N) precipitated during solidification (that induce ductile microvoids). Solidification cracks then propagate via inter-dendritic hot tearing.


Abstract A detailed NMR study is carried out in acetonitrile/water solutions on three novel cyclic bradykinin antagonist analogues, BKM-824, BKM-870, and BKM-872, to examine their solution structures, and to correlate the structures with bradykinin antagonist and anti-cancer activities. The solution structures of the cyclic peptides are correlated with the structural data for known linear bradykinin antagonists. The sequences are: BKM-824 c[Ava-Igl-Ser-DF5F-Oic- Arg] where Ava is 5-aminovaleric acid, Igl is α-(2-indanyl)glycine, F5F is pentafluorophenylalanine, and Oic is (2S,3aS,7aS)-octahydroindole-2-carboxylic acid; BKM-870; c[DArg-Arg-Add-DF5F-Oic-Arg] where Add is 12-aminododecanoic acid; and BKM-872; c[DArg-Arg-Eac-Ser-DF5F-Oic-Arg] where Eac is 6-aminocaproic acid. BKM-824 was the only peptide within this series that possessed a discernable solution structure. The NMR data indicate the presence of a type I β-turn between residues F5F4 and Ava1, a C-terminal-like end. Molecular dynamics calculations show that a type I β-turn from DF5F4 to Ava1 does exist although the turn was somewhat distorted. This result differs from the structures seen in linear bradykinin antagonists, which usually possess a type II II′β-turn at the C-terminal end and the presence of a defined turn is correlated with bradykinin antagonist activity. There is no solution structure for BKM-870 and BKM-872 but a correlation between the primary sequence Argterminal-DArg1-Arg2-long chain aliphatic amino acid and anti-cancer activity is evident.


The explosion in Internet usage and huge government funding initiatives in digital libraries have drawn attention to research on digital libraries. Whereas the traditional focus of digital library research has been on the technological development, there is now a call for user-focused research. Although millions of dollars have been spent on building "usable" systems, research on digital libraries has shown that potential users may not use the systems in spite of their availability. There is a need for research to identify the factors that determine users' adoption of digital libraries. Using the technology acceptance model (TAM) as a theoretical framework, this study investigates the effect of a set of individual differences (computer self-efficacy and knowledge of search domain) and system characteristics (relevance, terminology, and screen design) on intention to use digital libraries. Based on a sample of 585 users of a university's award-winning digital library, the results strongly support the utilization of TAM in predicting users' intention to adopt digital libraries, and demonstrate the effects of critical external variables on behavior intention through perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. All of the individual differences and system characteristics have significant effects on perceived ease of use of digital libraries. In addition, relevance has the strongest effect on perceived usefulness of digital libraries.


The performance of the Eulerian gyrokinetic-Maxwell solver code GYRO is analyzed on five high performance computing systems. First, a manual approach is taken, using custom scripts to analyze the output of embedded wallclock timers, floating point operation counts collected using hardware performance counters, and traces of user and communication events collected using the profiling interface to Message Passing Interface (MPI) libraries. Parts of the analysis are then repeated or extended using a number of sophisticated performance analysis tools: IPM, KOJAK, SvPablo, TAU, and the PMaC modeling tool suite. The paper briefly discusses what has been discovered via this manual analysis process, what performance analyses are inconvenient or infeasible to attempt manually, and to what extent the tools show promise in accelerating or significantly extending the manual performance analyses.


The last revision of the Dutch resuscitation guidelines, a translation of the European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2005, is based on the recommendations of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR). The previous Dutch guidelines were issued in 2002. Most changes are based on laboratory studies and retrospective analyses. The most important changes are: recognizing circulatory arrest on unresponsiveness and abnormal breathing; a new ratio of chest compressions to ventilations i.e. 30:2 instead of 15:2; and following the procedure of checking the airway (A), taking over the circulation (C) and breathing (B). Furthermore in the event of ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia with no pulsations then one defibrillator shock only is to be given; this is in contrast with the previous application of cycles of 3 shocks. The work and costs of implementation involved in the revision of resuscitation guidelines are tremendous, especially in view of the huge number of laypersons who need to be retrained. Also, frequent changes of guidelines may cause confusion and have a negative effect on the quality of resuscitation. Therefore, it is not evident that the benefits of this revision justify its costs. It would be good to prospectively evaluate the effectiveness and costs of this revision. In the future, these data might help to decide when altered international recommendations should be translated into new Dutch resuscitation guidelines. Alternative strategies should be considered, for example only changing the guidelines for advanced life support.


Due to the introduction of man-made sediment barriers along a river, the amount of sediment load entering the downstream river reach is different to that leaving the reach, and erosion processes occur downstream of the barrier itself. Designers are often required to take into account the scouring process and to include adequate protective measures against the local scour. This paper addresses the performance of bio-engineering protective measures against the erosion process. In particular, a green carpet, realized with real flexible vegetation, has been used as the protective measure against erosion processes downstream of a rigid bed. Analyses are based on experimental work carried out in a straight channel constructed at the laboratory of the Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, Aereospaziale, dei Materiali, Palermo University (Italy).


We present an original application of fuzzy logic to restoration of phase images from interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR), which are affected by zero-mean uncorrelated noise, whose variance depends on the underlying coherence, thereby yielding a nonstationary random noise process. Spatial filtering of the phase noise is recommended, either before phase unwrapping is accomplished, or simultaneously with it. In fact, phase unwrapping basically relies on a smoothness constraint of the phase field, which is severely hampered by the noise. Space-varying linear MMSE estimation is stated as a problem of matching pursuit, in which the estimator is obtained as an expansion in series of a finite number of prototype estimators, fitting the spatial features of the different statistical classes encountered, for example, fringes and steep slope areas. Such estimators are calculated in a fuzzy fashion through an automatic training procedure. The space-varying coefficients of the expansion are stated as degrees of fuzzy membership of a pixel to each of the estimators. Neither a priori knowledge on the noise variance is required nor particular signal and noise models are assumed. Filtering performances on simulated phase images show a steady SNR improvement over conventional box filtering. Applications of the proposed filter to interferometric phase images demonstrate a superior ability of restoring fringes yet preserving their discontinuities, together with an effective noise smoothing performance, irrespective of locally varying coherence characteristics.


Cooperating with CDC, USA, the Center for AIDS Surveillance, Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, first identified the epidemic of HIV-1 C subtype virus in China in 1994. As part of the Eighth-Five National Scientific Program and to get information about the geographical distribution of C subtype of HIV-1 and its epidemic time span in Yunnan, using specific peptide ELISA, we tested 192 anti HIV-1 positive serums,among intravenous drug users. The results indicated that C subtype of HIV-1 started to appear in Ruili (5.1%)in 1992,and the rates were 12.9% in Ruili and 30.4% in Longchuan in 1993,up to 31.9% in Ruili and 33.3% in Longchuan in 1994. The porpotion of C subtype is increasing among the drug users by year. Whether C subtype would become the main the main epidemic subtype in this areas remains to be under observation.


A recent surge in the usage of instant messaging (IM) applications on mobile devices has brought the energy efficiency of these applications into focus of attention. Although IM applications are changing the message communication landscape, this work illustrates that the current versions of IM applications differ vastly in energy consumption when using the third generation (3G) cellular communication. This paper shows the interdependency between energy consumption and IM data patterns in this context. We analyse the user interaction pattern using a IM dataset, consisting of 1043370 messages collected from 51 mobile users. Based on the usage characteristics, we propose a message bundling technique that aggregates consecutive messages over time, reducing the energy consumption with a trade-off against latency. The results show that message bundling can save up to 43% in energy consumption while still maintaining the conversation function. Finally, the energy cost of a common functionality used in IM applications that informs that the user is currently typing a response, so called typing notification, is evaluated showing an energy increase ranging from 40-104%.


Abstract Focusing on madrassah1 Islamiyat2 textbooks written in Kreol by two local textbook writers for use in Sunni madrassahs in Mauritius, the present study shows how the writers have adopted Kreol, enriching and adapting it with loanwords from Arabic, to communicate religious information to the children attending the madrassah. The corpus for this study being a sample of locally produced Islamiyat textbooks, document analysis constituted the primary method of data collection and analysis. Interviews with the textbook writers were carried out in order to obtain insiders' insights into the strategies they used to convey Islamic ideas in Kreol, a language not lexically equipped for this. The analysis reveals that the textbook writers used 'loanwords by necessity' – cultural borrowings (Haspelmath 2009) that were adapted through transliteration (Hassan 2016) – for proper names and honorifics, as well as for people, objects, practices and beliefs. A search in the Diksioner Morisien (Carpooran 2011) reveals that a majority of these loanwords do not currently appear in the Dictionary, suggesting the emergence of a new register. I thus argue that at the grassroots level, the Sunni Muslim community is in the process of developing a new religious register of Kreol, which is currently being used and which is also being transmitted to younger generations through the madrassahs. This reflects the Mauritian Sunni Muslims' strong sense of attachment to Kreol, a language that tends to be associated with the Creole community in Mauritius.


INTRODUCTION
Poststroke sleep disturbances are common and can affect stroke outcomes, but the clinical studies mainly focus on breathing-related sleep disorders, while the bidirectional impact of circadian rhythm dysfunction in ischemic stroke remains unknown. This study observed the characteristics of melatonin secretion in acute ischemic stroke patients and evaluated whether melatonin rhythm impacts the prognosis after stroke by assessing the neurological function, cognition, emotion, and quality of life 3 months after stroke.

METHODS
Acute ischemic stroke patients were selected from the Department of Neurology Inpatients of the Second Hospital affiliated with Soochow University from October 2019 to July 2021. Healthy control subjects were recruited at the same time. Demographic and clinical data were collected, and relevant scale scores (including neurological function, cognition, emotion, and sleep) were assessed within 2 weeks of onset and followed up 3 months later. All participants collected salivary melatonin samples on the 4th day of hospitalization and dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) was calculated according to melatonin concentration. Stroke patients were then divided into three groups based on their DLMO values.

RESULTS
A total of 74 stroke patients and 33 control subjects were included in this analysis. Compared with healthy controls, stroke patients exhibited a delayed melatonin rhythm during the acute phase of stroke (21:36 vs. 20:38, p = 0.004). Stroke patients were then divided into three groups, namely normal (n = 36), delayed (n = 28), or advanced DLMO (n = 10), based on their DLMO values. A χ2 test showed that there were significant differences in the rate of poor prognosis (p = 0.011) and depression tendency (p = 0.028) among the three groups. A further pairwise comparison revealed that stroke patients with delayed DLMO were more likely to experience poor short-term outcomes than normal DLMO group (p = 0.003). The average melatonin concentration of stroke patients at 5 time points was significantly lower than that of the control group (3.145 vs. 7.065 pg/mL, p < 0.001). Accordingly, we split stroke patients into three groups, namely low melatonin level (n = 14), normal melatonin level (n = 54), or high melatonin level (n = 6). Unfortunately, there were no great differences in the clinical characteristics, cognition, emotion, sleep quality, and short-term outcome among groups.

CONCLUSIONS
This is a preliminary study, and our results indicate that changes in melatonin secretion phase of stroke patients may have effect on their short-term prognosis.


PurposeThe purpose of this study is to create a framework to analyze approaches for coordination, adaptation and safeguarding of exchanges in interorganizational project networks.Design/methodology/approachAn analysis framework to analyze governance in project networks was created based on a systematic review of existing literature. The framework was applied to analyze governance approaches used in a large infrastructure project implemented with an alliance project delivery method to illustrate the practical validity of the framework.FindingsThe analysis framework categorized governance in project networks in six dimensions: goal setting, rewarding, monitoring, roles and decision-making, coordination and capability building. A set of questions for each governance dimension was created and the analysis framework was applied in the context of a project alliance.Research limitations/implicationsThe focus of this research is on governance internal to a project network. The authors identified dimensions of governance in project networks and related governance approaches based on a systematic literature review. The practical applicability of the framework was validated in a single case study setting.Practical implicationsThe paper introduces a concept of governance in project networks, which takes the perspective that all actors that have an influence on project implementation are part of an interorganizational project network. The focal organization may have had a significant role in the design of governance, but governance also emerged from the network structure of companies and the interactions among them. The analysis framework created in this research can be used to design and analyze governance in different type of project context.Originality/valueThe paper introduces a concept of governance in project networks, which takes the perspective that all actors that have an influence on project implementation are part of an interorganizational project network.


This thesis investigates empirically the causal relationship between changes in tariffs, and growth in Gross Domestic Product (GDP), inflows of net foreign direct investment (FDI), exports, and imports among the pioneering ASEAN-5 countries over the period of 1970 to 2013.The objective is to revisit the debate on tariff liberalization and the claims of its positive impact on these variables. The analysis is divided into two periods, i.e. the pre-AFTA (ASEAN Free Trade Zone) period of 1970-1992 and the AFTA period of 1992 to 2013.The ASEAN-5 of Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand have experienced a trend decline in tariffs, and rapid GDP, net FDI inflows, export and import growth over the period 1970-2013. Apart from Singapore, the remaining countries did not show a significant relationship between tariff deregulation and GDP growth in all the periods. The relationship in Singapore was significant in the period 1992-2013. The results suggest that other factors have played a more significant role than tariffs in GDP growth in these economies. In addition, the general argument that the liberalization of tariffs will foster net FDI inflows is not supported by the evidence from Malaysia, the Philippines and Singapore. Indonesia and Thailand showed that tariff liberalization Granger caused net FDI inflows in the long period of 1970-2013. However, there was no evidence to show that changes in tariffs influenced growth in net FDI inflows in the periods before and following the introduction of AFTA in 1992. The evidence shows that the statistical relationship between tariff reduction and export growth is significant for Indonesia and Thailand, and the ASEAN-5 as a whole over the 1992-2013 and 1970-2013 periods. Interestingly, the CEPT mechanism from the AFTA process appears important in driving exports in Indonesia and Thailand. That relationship was only significant for Malaysia over the 1970-2013 periods at the 10 percent level. Also, there was no evidence of a significant relationship between tariffs and exports in the Philippines and Singapore. There is no statistical evidence of a relationship between changes in tariffs and import growth in Indonesia, the Philippines and Thailand among the ASEAN-5. While it may be necessary for policy makers in Indonesia, the Philippines and Thailand to be concerned over the impact of tariff deregulation on import growth, such a sudden surge in imports could be a consequence of deregulation targeted at attracting FDI into the previously protected sector of automobile assembly and automotive components. While the statistical evidence is robust we have not controlled for the counterfactual, which is not possible using data. Overall, the results show a significant impact of tariff deregulation particularly on net FDI inflows, exports and imports in Indonesia and Thailand. However, the results also show that deregulation is not a panacea for stimulating rapid economic growth. In contrast to the claims of mainstream economics, several other factors matter, including government policy and the success they enjoy in stimulating structural change from low to high value added activities.


Newspapers and other media are often used as a source of information on science issues, both by the public and teachers in classrooms. Over six months, we collected discussions of global warming issues from the online forums of a national newspaper. Our analysis of these contributions suggests there is a considerable effort in these forums, especially from certain individual posters, to detract from the arguments in support of global warming by using a variety of strategies. This paper summarizes strategies employed by these frequent posters and discusses how we see many of them emerging from traditional classroom science environments.


Variable displacement lubricant pumps allow oil flow to be matched to engine requirements over the whole operating range, reducing energy losses through excessive pumping work. An experimental investigation has been performed on-engine to understand the effects of such devices. Significant instrumentation was fitted to the production, EURO IV specification, 2.4L Diesel engine to assess the impacts of lubricant flow on thermal state. The reduced oil flow was measured as a reduction in engine oil pressure with the production pump supplying 4–6bar whereas the variable flow device provided pressures as low as 1–2bar.The reduction in oil flow significantly reduced the oil pump energy consumption, measured as a change in indicated work, resulting in a 4% benefit in fuel economy over both hot and cold start NEDC. The reduced oil flow also impacted oil and metal temperatures: during engine warm-up, oil temperatures were approximately 4°C colder with the lower flow as a result of less work input from the oil pump. Conversely, cylinder liner temperatures were 2–6°C hotter both during warm-up and fully warm conditions as a result of reduced piston cooling from piston cooling jets. The changes in thermal state were reflected by changes in emissions with a 3% increase in NOx and a 3–5% reduction in HC and CO.The calibration of the variable flow device follows a fuel consumption/NOx trade-off that is more favourable to fuel economy than conventional control parameters. However, these benefits are strongly linked to engine duty cycle with larger benefits at higher engine speeds.Copyright © 2012 by ASME


The predictability of stock market's behavior is a topic studied by different academic circles for long time. A popular tool to make predictions about the stock market behavior on short term is the technical analysis. Such tool is based on the analysis of quantitative indicators and also chart patterns in order to identify the time to entry (buy) or exit the market (sell). A quantitative approach that is related to charting is the use of the non-parametric approach of nearest neighbor algorithm in order to produce forecasts of the time series on t+1 . The main objective of this paper is to study the forecasting performance of the nearest neighbor method for the Brazilian Equity data in two versions, the univariate and also the multivariate case, which is also called simultaneous nearest neighbor. The main conclusion of the paper is that the ability of the algorithm in forecasting the values of the stock prices is mixed. A comparative analysis with the random walk model showed that this naive approach has more explicative power in numerical accuracy. For the case of directional forecasts, the NN presented better results, resulting in correct directional forecasts moderately higher than 50% for most of the assets and with a maximum of approximately 60% correct market direction forecasts, which indicates that the method may add value in quantitative trading strategies. Comparing the results for both versions of the algorithm, its clear that both presented very similar results, but the univariate case was slightly better.


Over the past three decades, concomitant increases in prison population and the use of parole, coupled with a more punitive parole philosophy and fiscal crises at every level of government, have prompted a renewed interest in intermediate sanctions— especially for technical parole violators. A number of jurisdictions have developed intermediate sanctions that are both custodial and therapeutic—but do not involve a return to prison—for technical violators. Despite their growing popularity, little research has examined these technical violator programs, and as a result, basic questions regarding their impact remain unanswered. This article examines a therapeutic technical violator program in the state of New Jersey called Halfway Back. Using a quasiexperimental, retrospective matched groups design, the study explores the impact of the program through a comparison of recidivism and incarceration costs among random samples of program participants (n = 227) and nonparticipants (n = 392). Results suggest that program participants experienced modest though statistically significant reductions in new arrests over the 18-month follow-up period. An examination of incarceration costs related to program participation shows that Halfway Back sets the stage for measurable cost savings though the degree to which these savings are realized remains unclear. The article concludes with a discussion of implications for parole policy and practice.


A physics-based threshold voltage model is proposed, according to the electrostatics distribution in Si body of FinFET which is obtained by 2-D numerical simulation. Threshold voltage of FinFET calculated from the model is matched with results of numerical simulation. Influences of polysilicon gate doping concentration, Si body doping concentration, the width and height of Si body and the gate oxide thickness on threshold voltage were investigated. As results,Si body doping concentration, gate doping concentration and the width of Si body have been found to be the most important parameters for the design of threshold voltage of FinFET-like devices.


The emergence of various targeted anticancer agents has led us to uncharted territory secondary to their cardiotoxic potential with many burning questions, which in turn has led to the evolution of the cardio-oncology field. These targeted agents differ in their cardiovascular complication (CVC) potential even within the same class and it is very difficult to design screening tests that can predict CVCs. Moreover, there is a need for more research to answer many crucial questions, since these toxicities are unanticipated and can lead to poor overall survival of cancer patients. We still do not clearly understand the mechanism for such toxicity, risk factors, and natural history. A better understanding of the underlying risk factors and identification of biomarkers would help us develop protocols for appropriate monitoring strategies which in turn would help capture these toxicities at early stages. In this succinct review, we try to focus on CVC definition, summarize some published research, and point to areas of unmet need in this new field.


The consensus algorithm is the core component of a blockchain system, which determines the efficiency, security, and scalability of the blockchain network. The representative consensus algorithm is the proof of work (PoW) proposed in Bitcoin, where the consensus process consumes large amount of compute in solving meaningless Hash puzzel. Meanwhile, the deep learning (DL) has brought unprecedented performance gains at heavy computate cost. In this demo, we channels the otherwise wasted computational power to the practical purpose of training neural network models, through the proposed proof of learning (PoL) consensus algorithm. In PoLe, the training/testing data are released to the entire blockchain network (BCN) and the consensus nodes train NN models on the data, which serves as the proof of learning. When the consensus on the BCN considers a NN model to be valid, a new block is appended to the blockchain. Through our system, we investigate the potential of enpowering machine learning with consensus building on blockchains.


Property portfolio management strategies and practices are under constant evaluation. The need for evaluating the efficiency of the selected management strategy is increasing. The need is being emphasised by the increasing number of management options and investment alternatives available for property investors. Objective information on the costs and efficiency of different management functions is needed, for example, in making the decision whether to maintain certain management functions in-house or to outsource them to service providers. However, objective and comparable information on the actual costs of different management functions is relatively difficult to obtain because of differences in management and accounting practices between portfolios. In this paper, the processes and functions of property portfolio management are identified. These consist of three core processes O those of portfolio management, asset management and property management. Identification of the processes and functions forms a framework for measuring the costs of different management activities. Differences between management practices in UK and Finnish portfolios are discussed. Two different investor types are identified: property companies and institutional investors. The actual level of property portfolio management costs is examined by calculating some indicators of management costs in relation to certain measures of the portfolio. Empirical evidence is gathered from annual reports of listed property companies in the UK and in Finland. Management cost information is also gathered from nine Finnish institutional investors. Possibilities for and difficulties related to the measurement and comparison of management costs are discussed.


Cell-based design is a widely adopted design approach in current ASIC and SOC designs. Standard cell libraries are a collection of basic building blocks that can be used in cell-based designs. The use of standard cell libraries offers shorter design time, induces fewer errors in the design process, and is easier to maintain. This paper presents the TSMC 0.25 mum standard CMOS cell library designed and distributed by the Virginia Tech VISI for Telecommunications (VTVT) Group, and its impact on the VISI design community and VLSI education.


Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) in socio development programs faces a number of challenges. First, most M&E approaches schedule M&E activities either as mid-term or end of project activities. Secondly, M&E technologies rely on statistical or spread sheet technologies which are unfamiliar to a large percentage of stakeholders in socio development. Thirdly, most M&E information processing systems run as stand-alone systems. These issues have negative impacts on the contribution of M&E to social development. This paper discusses the effects of these challenges and then describes an M&E model that has been developed to address these challenges. The challenge of scheduling M&E is addressed by embedding M&E at the center of operational system. This approach ensures that some M&E tasks are executed each time stakeholders carry out daily operational tasks. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology was used to simplify user interfaces to M&E systems. The complex tasks of numerical analysis are hidden behind the user friendly visualisation effect of GIS. The challenge of stand-alone M&E system was addressed by mainstreaming M&E systems into the value chain of the application domain. Use of value chain techniques creates knowledge systems within stakeholder communities. Additionally, the M&E systems designed using this approach were carried out in a participatory manner. All stakeholders, including rural poor from communities in place participated in the design of systems that mainstream M&E through knowledge management.


We present a novel hybrid digital holographic camera which shares most of the advantages of image-plane Fourier transform TV holography (TVH) and quasi-Fourier transform digital holography (QFTDH), whilst avoiding many of the drawbacks of both of them. As in TVH, it has a compact head where an objective lens is attached to accommodate objects of different sizes or placed at different distances; it is also free from aliasing artifacts produced by objects out of the field of view. As in QFTDH, the reconstruction of the object field (amplitude and phase) is accomplished by calculating just one fast Fourier transform (FFT) per hologram; light is spread over the sensor rather than being focused to produce an image, thus enabling the measurement in objects with very large radiance ranges. An optical imaging system (typically a zoom lens) selects the field of view and the working distance by projecting a reduced image of the object on the plane of a rectangular aperture. This image becomes the object for a lensless quasi-Fourier transform digital hologram, which is formed by making the light passing through the aperture to interfere with a reference beam diverging from its edge. This hologram is recorded with a video camera, digitized and numerically reconstructed by means of a single FFT. The function of the aperture is to crop the field of view to make the effective object size suitable to be recorded without aliasing on a sensor with a given pixel spacing; therefore, its size is determined by this spacing, the distance between the aperture and the sensor as well as by the wavelength of light.


The Dynamics of Iceberg Grounding and Scouring (DIGS) experiment was conducted in the Labrador Sea during August 1985. The objectives of the experiment were to obtain full-scale data sets documenting iceberg/seabed interactions, and to obtain by direct observation new information regarding the processes of iceberg scour formation and degradation. Utilizing a vessel and a helicopter, measurements were made of icebergs' above and below-water shapes, plus local winds, waves, currents and tides. Special self-contained motion monitoring packages were deployed by helicopter on icebergs thought to be good grounding candidates. Seabed observations were made directly using the submersible Pisces IV , and extensive side-scan sonar data were collected. This paper describes two dynamic iceberg/seabed interaction events documented during DIGS: the roll/pitting behavior of the 1.2-million-ton domed iceberg "Bertha," and the split/grounding behavior of the 7.7-million-ton tabular iceberg "Gladys." This latter event is particularly interesting due to its very energetic nature, and the fact that it represents the only full-scale observation of any iceberg impact with sufficient documentation to yield estimates of the interaction forces. Subsequent to the experiment, the recorded above and below-water shapes were used to obtain hydrostatic stability maps for these icebergs. A time stepping procedure was also developed to re-create these two dynamic events, and comparisons between the observed and simulated motions are provided in this paper.


The rise of Baba Yaga on international television provides an excellent case study for analyzing viewing practices associated with identification and allegiance. In analyzing Baba Yaga's presence on Soviet and American television, we argue that viewing wonder tales leads to deep and lasting identification, attachment, and allegiance. Baba Yaga's presence and popularity on Russian and American television allows us to explore how forming such deep impressions of a traditional character on television can provide trans-cultural viewers with tools to navigate between imagination and reality, thus helping them to better understand the ambiguities of life, including transnational cultural politics.


Implementation of problem lists and their relation to standardized coding systems have been approached and analysed in different ways. Most evaluations concern quantitative aspects such as content coverage in a specific domain. In order to reveal the qualitative aspects of diagnostic coding, medical record texts from primary health care encounters were compared with terms from a coding system that was used for describing them statistically. The records were coded by six general practitioners, and in some cases, an applied diagnostic term was found within the text, while other record text-coding system relationships were categorized as synonyms, alternative terms, and interpretations. Thus, the categories roughly corresponded to a measure of semantic distance between the terms in the record text and the rubrics of the coding system, and there was a correlation between semantic distance and inter-rater agreement. The subcategories of this scheme corresponded fairly well to recently published desiderata for clinical terminology servers, including functionality such as word normalization and spelling correction. However, not all problems could have been automatically coded by means of lexical methods, which can be partly explained by the fact that diagnostic coding also relies on clinical knowledge. In addition, proper automation relies on context representation within the records.


Modalys-ER is a graphical environment for creating physical model instruments and generating musical sounds with them. While Modalys-ER provides users with a relatively simple-to-use interface, it has only limited methods for mapping control data onto model parameters for performance. While these are sufficient for many interesting applications, they do not bridge the gap from high-level specifications such as MIDI files or Standard Western Notation (SWN) down to low-level parameters within the physical model. With this issue in mind, a part of Modalys-ER has now been ported to OpenMusic, providing a platform for developing more sophisticated automation and control systems that can be specified through OpenMusic's visual programming interface. An overview of the MfOM library is presented and illustrated with several musical examples using some early mapping designs. Also, some of the issues relating to building and controlling virtual instruments are discussed and future directions for research in this area are suggested. The first release is now available via the IRCAM Software Forum.


A number of features of today's high-performance computers make it challenging to exploit these machines fully for computational science. These include increasing core counts but stagnant clock frequencies; the high cost of data movement; use of accelerators (GPUs, FPGAs, coprocessors), making architectures increasingly heterogeneous; and multi- ple precisions of floating-point arithmetic, including half-precision. Moreover, as well as maximizing speed and accuracy, minimizing energy consumption is an important criterion. New generations of algorithms are needed to tackle these challenges. We discuss some approaches that we can take to develop numerical algorithms for high-performance computational science, with a view to exploiting the next generation of supercomputers. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Numerical algorithms for high-performance computational science'.


Introduction Venous access is being increasingly used for the endovascular treatment of many cerebrovascular diseases (Intracranial hypertension, dural cavernous fistulas, Arteriovenous malformations). Venous roadmapping through arterial injection can be problematic because of contrast media dilution and slow flow velocity leading to moderate quality of veins visualization or necessity to repeat injections. Live 3D roadmapping is an image-processing technique which allows dynamic vessels roadmapping which immediately adapts to the C-arm movements without the need for any contrast medium injection. This technique involves the coregistration of a previously obtained magnetic resonance angiography with live fluoroscopy in order to create a combined roadmap of the vessels. Objective To report our preliminary experience with Vessel navigator (Philips, Best, the Netherlands) for guidance of endovascular venous procedures at the intracranial level.Results After semi automatic coregistration, live 3D roadmapping of the 3D MR venography overlaid on the live fluoroscopy images was used for cases of Venous pressure measurement, intracranial venous stenting and arteriovenous dural malformations endovascular treatments. Conclusion Our preliminary experience suggests that it is a feasible and safe technique for venous navigation and performance of and for intracranial venous procedures from the jugular vein to the intracranial sinuses. The accuracy of the coregistration is satisfactory. The potential to lower overall radiation dose and contrast medium use needs to be verified with further studies. Abstract E-010 Figure 1 Disclosures R. Blanc: None. R. Fahed: None. S. Smajda: None. H. Redjem: None. J. Desilles: None. P. Roux: None. M. Mazighi: None. G. Ciccio: None. M. Piotin: None.