In the contrast between seeing and hearing at the centre of the myth of Orpheus, the duality of memory and recollection, in Aristotelian terms, emerges, allowing us to reconsider the role of Eurydice in Monteverdi's L'Orfeo . When Orpheus, in a moment of frenzy and forgetfulness, turns back towards Eurydice he chooses the visibility of the eye over the audibility of the ear. The process of active recollection of the past, which he had initiated with the canzonetta Vi ricorda o boschi ombrosi , ends with the failure of music and the inability to retain the object of his love. Conversely, Eurydice's words – Ahi, vista troppo dolce – after Orpheus looks at her, reveals a musical connection to past moments. In this way, her singing is the embodiment of the power of music and it creates a musical memory to which Orpheus does not have access.


Extracted from text ... A
28 Management Today Yearbook 2006
How human resources
can add value
Dave Ulrich, professor of business
administration at the University of
Michigan. He will be in South Africa
shortly for a conference arranged by
Leading Minds. For more details, please
go to www.leading-minds.com/
rksouthafrica.
The co-author of this article is Wayne
Brockbank, director of the Global Programme
for Management Development
and clinical professor at the Michigan
Business School.
Now more than ever, business success comes from HR. The DNA for HR success
is the value proposition. With this value proposition, the HR profession has a
point of view ..


Background: Recently the role of apelin in improvement of dislipidemia has been known. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of regular exercise-induced apelin on dyslipidemia of type 2 diabetic rats. Methods: Twenty eight diabetic male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: Non-diabetic (n=9), control diabetic (n=9) and trained diabetic (n=10). Type 2 diabetes was induced by injection of nicotinamide and streptozotocin. The aerobic training program included 8-week running on treadmill progressively for 45 min at a speed of 24 m/min and a 5% grade. After the period of training, plasma level of apelin and lipids (TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, VLDL-C, TG and FFA) were measured. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for analyzing data and p<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: In trained diabetic compared with control diabetic group, a significant increase in apelin, a significant decrease in plasma level of LDL-C, VLDL-C and TG, an insignificant decrease in TC and FFA, and an insignificant increase in HDL-C were observed. Conclusion: Results of present study showed that increase in plasma level of apelin following regular exercise by inhibition of lipolysis and decrease of blood lipids can improve dyslipidemia of type 2 diabetic rats.


Assessment literacy (AL) empowers teachers (Grabowski & Dakin, 2014) by helping them make better decisions about the development, administration, and use of assessments (Harding & Kremmel, 2016; Popham, 2009). This is crucial because when teachers make erroneous interpretations, which lead to incorrect decisions, students can suffer unintended, negative consequences (Purpura, 2016; Purpura, Brown, & Schoonen, 2015). As essential as AL is to providing quality teaching and learning opportunities, assessment education remains inadequate (Lam, 2015; Mendoza & Arandia, 2009; Vogt & Tsagari, 2014). According to Cheng (2001), teachers spend up to a third of their time in assessment related activities; however, most "do so with little or no professional training" (Bachman, 2000, p. 19-20). In light of the demand for the development of instructor AL, this paper first defines and conceptualizes language assessment literacy (LAL). Then it problematizes LAL through an investigation of empirical studies conducted to explore pre- and in-service teacher education and resources that have been used to develop teachers' LAL. Finally, it examines how teachers' LAL levels are evaluated through assessments such as Cambridge University Press's Teaching Knowledge Test, the edTPA, and state teacher certification Praxis tests.


Modeling analysis technique is one of the most important means in processing spaceflight mission. In this paper, the graph based description is given, and a series of dynamic-measurement system models are built for the attitude motion of a N-bodies spacecraft, which include the states evolvement equation of the main body, the states evolvement equations of the accessories, the inertia based measurement equations and the celestial bodies based measurement equation and the GPS based measurement equations of attitudes of the N-bodies etc.. These models are educed with some typical methods of theoretical analysis and dynamic description and are simplified into linearized discrete equations. At the end of the paper some valuable applications are pointed out.


ABSTRACT Previous work has demonstrated the existence of systemic interaction between tenofovir (TFV) disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and didanosine as well as between TDF and lopinavir-ritonavir (LPV/r). Here we investigated TDF interactions with the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) lamivudine (3TC) and abacavir (ABC), comparing both the concentrations of nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors in plasma and the intracellular concentrations of their triphosphate metabolites (NRTI-TP) for human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients receiving these NRTIs with TDF and after 4 weeks of TDF interruption. We also looked at interactions between TDF-ABC and LPV/r, comparing patients receiving or not receiving LPV/r. Blood samples were taken at baseline and at 1, 2, and 4 h after dosing. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to measure NRTIs and NRTI-TPs. Statistical analyses were performed on pharmacokinetic parameters: the area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 4 h (AUC0-4), the maximum concentration of the drug (Cmax), and the residual concentration of the drug at the end of the dosing interval (Ctrough) for plasma and the AUC0-4 and Ctrough for intracellular data. Among the groups of patient discontinuing TDF, the very long intracellular half-life of elimination (150 h) of TFV-DP (the diphosphorylated metabolite of TFV, corresponding to a triphosphorylated species) was confirmed. Comparison between groups as well as the longitudinal study showed no significant systemic or intracellular interaction between TDF and ABC or 3TC. Significant differences were observed between patients receiving LVP/r and those receiving nevirapine. For ABC, plasma exposure was decreased (40%) under LVP/r, while, in contrast, plasma exposure to TFV was increased by 50% and the intracellular TFV-DP AUC0-4 was increased by 59%. A trend for a gender effect was observed for TFV-DP at the intracellular level, with higher and Ctrough values for women.


This article presents a map of requests and expectations for future "delivery" methods of continuing engineering education (CEE) viewed from the perspective of Scandinavian managing directors and their employed engineers.During the last decades numerous attempts have been made to develop new methods for CEE in order to meet today´s fast changing world. Methods, which at the same time both match the company´s professional competence needs and meet the engineers´ preferences. These attempts contribute to a lot of experience within CEE methods but common to most of these activities the focus is on the subject (content) of the course and less on how the course is organized and taught.This paper brings the results of 26 interviews with Scandinavian managers and engineers asking questions regarding their previous experiences and knowledge on diverse CEE methods and further encourages them to gaze into the crystal ball to identify requests and expectations to future methods of CEE.The significance of the investigation will be a conceptual map, which discloses some future focus areas ahead of CEE providers.


Holographic displays have great potential to realize mixed reality by modulating the wavefront of light in a fundamental manner. As a computational display, holographic displays offer a large degree of freedom, such as focus cue generation and vision correction. However, the limited bandwidth of spatial light modulator imposes an inherent trade-off relationship between the field of view and eye-box size. Thus, we demonstrate the first practical eye-box expansion method for a holographic near-eye display. Instead of providing an intrinsic large exit-pupil, we shift the optical system's exit-pupil to cover the expanded eye-box area with pupil-tracking. For compact implementation, a pupil-shifting holographic optical element (PSHOE) is proposed that can reduce the form factor for exit-pupil shifting. A thorough analysis of the design parameters and display performance are provided. In particular, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the incorporation of the holographic optical element into a holographic display system. The influence of holographic optical elements on the intrinsic exit-pupil and pupil switching is revealed by numerical simulation and Wigner distribution function analysis.


In most multimedia systems the environment is considered a passive background. However, whether an entity is part of the environment or its resident entity is only a matter of viewpoint. The virtual environment is composed of objects and events. In order to simulate the realistic virtual environment, In object modeling, terrain modeling is implemented by contour map which contains height and position information. In addition to this usage, contour map is used to represent environmental values. An event is a coherent sequence of activities or events based on causality. An event is structured in three parts, namely, preconditions, procedure and effects. Each part of an event is formulated in terms of a number of parameter variables, which correspond to its associated factors on existence or states of entities and relations. This paper represents terrain and environmental factor using contour map. Moreover, we define various events and their procedures in terms of causality in virtual environment.


This study examines trend and determinants of unmet need for family planning (FP) among currently married women and sexually active unmarried women of reproductive age 15-49 in Nigeria over a period of 10 years (2003-2013). Data from three consecutive Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys (2003, 2008 and 2013) were analyzed. The results show that the unmet need for FP declined between 2008 and 2013 to a level less comparable with the situation in 2003. The significant determinants of unmet need for FP included age, marital status, education, religion, current work status, decision-making on spending personal earnings, gender of household heads, household wealth status, number of living children (including current pregnancy), rural-urban residence, home visit by FP workers and recent exposure to FP messages via mass media. It is therefore necessary that FP programmers continue to develop specific responses that address the barriers to contraceptive use.


This paper discusses the robust design method for reducing the cogging torque developed in permanent magnet motors and improving the N/S ratio (noise to signal ratio) between the cogging torque and average operational torque. The robust design method used is Taguchi's approach which is applied the first time to determine the optimum design parameters of a brushless DC spindle motor used in data storage systems. The results show that the robust design method is a very efficient and effective approach in designing disk drive spindle motors for high performance.


Parenteral injection into mice of a toxic pentapeptide isolated from the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa induced thrombocytopenia, pulmonary thrombi, and hepatic congestion. The lethality of the toxin was unaffected by several anticoagulants. The acute liver damage that follows injection of the toxin has been attributed to direct action on liver cells but may be due to hypoxemia, heart failure, and shock.


Cell motility entails the reorganization of the cytoskeleton and membrane trafficking for effective protrusion. GIT1/p95-APP1 is a member of a family of GTPase-activating proteins for ARF GTPases that affect endocytosis, adhesion and migration. GIT1 associates with paxillin and a complex including the Rac/Cdc42 exchanging factors PIX/Cool and the kinase PAK. In this study, we show that overexpression of βPIX induces the accumulation of endogenous and overexpressed GIT1 at large structures similar to those induced by an ArfGAP-defective mutant of GIT1 (p95-C2). Immunohistochemical analysis and immunoelectron microscopy reveal that these structures include the endogenous transferrin receptor. Time-lapse analysis during motogenic stimuli shows that the formation and perinuclear accumulation of the p95-C2-positive structures is paralleled by inhibition of lamellipodium formation and cell retraction. Both dimerization and a functional SH3 domain of βPIX are required for the accumulation of GIT1 in fibroblasts, which is prevented by the monomeric PIX-PG-ΔLZ. This mutant also prevents the formation of endocytic aggregates and inhibition of neurite outgrowth in retinal neurons expressing p95-C2. Our results indicate that βPIX is an important regulator of the subcellular distribution of GIT1, and suggest that alteration in the level of expression of the complex affects the endocytic compartment and cell motility.


Nepal has 123 languages within six families of spoken languages and a sign language. She has federal administrative structure and three levels of government. There is no majority language at national level. Nepali is the only majority language at province level with majority in 4 among the 7 provinces, and 21 majority languages at local level. The distribution of languages in terms of mother tongue speakers varies considerably among the different levels – national, province and local – as well as among the different units of the same level – among the provinces and among the local levels. According to the provision in the prevalent constitution, one or more majority language(s) spoken as mother tongue in a province can be additional official language of the province provided by the particular province through province law. This paper looks at the language data at different levels and concludes that the province is not the appropriate unit for use of additional official language in terms of cost effectiveness and inclusiveness, instead local level is the appropriate unit. Thus it suggests to consider local level as the unit of implementation and include the languages above 25% mother tongue speakers in the local level for the additional official language.


Unborn Victims of Violence Act of 2001 - Provides that: (1) whoever engages in conduct that violates specified provisions of the Federal criminal code, the Controlled Substances Act of 1970, or the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, or specified articles the Uniform Code of Military Justice (conduct constituting certain Federal violent crimes) and thereby causes the death of, or bodily injury to, a child who is in utero, shall be guilty of a separate offense; and (2) the punishment for that separate offense shall be the same as that provided under Federal law for that conduct had that injury or death occurred to the unborn child's mother.Specifies that a violation of such provisions does not require proof that: (1) the person engaging in the conduct had knowledge or should have had knowledge that the victim of the underlying offense was pregnant; or (2) the defendant (or accused) intended to cause the death of, or bodily injury to, the unborn child. Directs that if the person engaging in the conduct thereby intentionally kills or attempts to kill the unborn child, that person shall be punished as provided under the Federal criminal code for intentionally killing or attempting to kill a human being. Prohibits imposition of the death penalty for an offense under this Act.Bars prosecution under this Act: (1) of any person for conduct relating to an abortion for which the consent of the pregnant woman, or a person authorized by law to act on her behalf, has been obtained or for which such consent is implied by law; (2) for conduct relating to any medical treatment of the pregnant woman or her unborn child; or (3) of any woman with respect to her unborn child.


We provide nationally representative evidence on American people's beliefs about racial discrimination and explore whether these beliefs causally affect support for affirmative action programs. In an online experiment on a large, representative sample of Americans, we elicited incentivized beliefs about the extent of racial labor market discrimination against blacks. We document large heterogeneity in beliefs and find particularly pronounced political differences: Republicans are about 15 percentage points less likely than Democrats to overestimate racial discrimination in the labor market. To introduce exogenous variation in beliefs, we provided a random subset of our respondents with research evidence from a correspondence study that tested for discrimination against blacks in the labor market. Respondents strongly and persistently updated their beliefs about racial discrimination in response to the information. Treated respondents who underestimated racial discrimination also increased their donations to a pro-black civil rights organization by 18 percent of a standard deviation. However, the treatment did not reduce political polarization in donations as Republicans who underestimated racial discrimination did not increase their donations. This finding suggests that the political disagreement on affirmative action programs is not mainly determined by differences in beliefs about racial discrimination. (JEL C91, D83, F22, J15)


Objective: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most commonly prescribed pain control medications following periodontal surgery. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of three drug regimens namely celecoxib, celecoxib + caffeine and ibuprofen for pain relief following crown lengthening surgery. Methods: This randomized, double blind clinical trial was performed on 45 patients aged 20-60 years requiring crown lengthening of maxillary teeth. The subjects were randomly divided into three groups (n=15) receiving ibuprofen (400mg), celecoxib (200mg) and celecoxib (200mg) + caffeine (30mg). Each patient took one dose of the respective medications 30 minutes prior to surgery. Other doses were prescribed 1, 8, 16 and 24 hours after surgery. Pain scores were recorded using visual analog scale (VAS) at 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 and 48 hours post operation. Results: The mean VAS scores were significantly lower in celecoxib + caffeine group than in celecoxib group at 1 and 2 hours after surgery (H1: 2.33 (1.95) vs. 4.47 (2.56), p=0.026) (H2: 2.47 (1.60) vs. 4.80 (2.40), p=0.009). The pain scores were significantly lower in celecoxib + caffeine group than ibuprofen group at 8, 16 and 24 hours after the procedure (H8: 1.80 (1.21) vs. 3.73 (1.94), p=0.012) (H16: 1.07 (1.03) vs. 2.73 (1.87), p=0.012) (H24: 0.47 (0.64) vs. 1.87 (1.25), p=0.004). No significant difference was found in analgesic efficacy of celecoxib and ibuprofen. Conclusion: The combination of celecoxib + caffeine showed higher efficacy than other medications for pain control following crown lengthening surgery. Caffeine may enhance the analgesic effect of


Solvent-suppression NMR techniques are combined with a pulsed magnetic field gradient and surface coil detection method of spatial localization. The result is a technique that enables observation of metabolites in the hydrogen (1H) NMR chemical-shift spectra from preselected disk-shaped volumes of biological tissue in vivo. Localized spectra are recorded from the normal human brain and forearm and from a dog in acquisition periods of 2 s using a 1.5-T imaging/spectroscopy system. This is several hundred-fold faster than acquiring similar state-of-the-art 31P NMR spectra of brain metabolites in vivo. Spectroscopy experiments are followed by conventional surface coil imaging sequences to precisely define the selected volume. Contamination of spectra by lipid resonances is a problem.


This teaching case provides a practical illustration of the challenges in executing large-scale ITbased change. It describes how the Commonwealth Bank of Australia replaced its service and sales systems between 2003 and 2006 with the goal of collating a "single view of client". The case is an exemplar of staged incremental development. The sponsor set up multiple work streams and ran them as independently as possible. Regular releases delivered incremental change to the business, incorporated lessons learned, and added further functionality. This had implications for architecture, software development, training, testing, and risk management. There were significant change management challenges. The case provides students with insights into program management in IT transformations, architecture, project management, software delivery lifecycles, risk management, logistics and IT infrastructure.


Purpose: The use of port catheters is well accepted in the management of patients with malignancy. In this study, we compare the technical success and the complication rates of ultrasound guided Port-A-Cath implantation with doing this procedure by using the anatomical landmark method. Methods: In a retrospective study, from 2006 to 2009, medical files of 104 patients who had undergone Port-A-Cath implantation were reviewed. The indication for port catheter implantation was malignancy in all cases. Among our patients, Port-A-Cath implantation was done in 63 patients by using landmark method and in 41 patients by guidance of ultrasound. All patients had been observed for complications including pain, port infection, and port thrombus, thrombus of central veins, skin necrosis, and success in using of Port-A-Cath for at least one month following the procedure, in the vascular clinic. Results: in landmark method group, 2 catheters were nonfunctional just after placement (3.2%) while all Port-A-Caths in ultrasound-guided group were functional. Ten patients (15.9%) in land mark group and 1 patient (2.4%) in ultrasound-guided group were complicated. The difference between complication rate in anatomic landmarks method and ultrasound-guided method was statistically significant (p < 0.04). There was no significant difference in two groups in duration of port placement (p < 0.345), age (p < 0.444), site of port placement (p < 0.244) or type of malignancy (p < 0.18). Conclusion: Considering high rate of success and low complications in placement of Port-A-Cath with ultrasound guidance, this method is superior to the land mark method in patients with malignancy.


Vascular smooth muscle of the frog was skinned by 0.2 mg/ml saponin for 20 mm. The skinned preparations activated by Ca2+, at 2 mmol/l Mg2+ and MgATP2-, gave half maximal force at Ca2+ = (1.32 +/- 0.07) x 10(-6) mol/l and maximal force at Ca2+ = 3.16 x 10(-5) mol/l (35 +/- 4% of the maximal contraction induced by KCl in living smooth muscles). The Hill coefficient was 1.51 +/- 0.11. Thus, the skinned vascular smooth muscle of the frog has Ca2+ sensitivity similar to that of various preparations from a variety of muscle types; the slope of the tension-pCa curve obtained was similar to that typical of mammalian smooth muscles.


A new tiny-grinding wheel cluster polishing method based on the Magnetorheological (MR) effect is presented to polish optical glass in this paper and some process experiments were conducted to reveal the influence of magnetic field strength, the content of carbonyl iron in the MR fluid and the speed of polishing disc on the material removal rate and the surface roughness of the glass workpiece. The results indicate that when the external magnetic field is applied, the material removal rate of the workpiece improves rapidly but the surface roughness increases slightly. When the Magnetic field strength is 100 Gs and the content of carbonyl iron is 3.5%, the material removal rate improves by a factor of 16.8% compared with that of the conventional polishing methods with dissociative abrasive particles, while the surface roughness of the workpiece increases unobviously.


This paper analyses the growth and development of productivity in Supreme Court Judgments Worldwide during the period 2000-2016, data extracted from Scopus database. The focus of the study is on highest producing countries and institutions engaged in research and their impact on the society. The study shows that the World output in Supreme Court judgments has grown continuously during the period of study but in an inconsistent way. USA contributed highest 49.64% papers to the total World's output followed by UK and Canada. Only a small proportion (35.99%) remains uncited during the period of study.


IPTV service is one of the topics where industry and academia are providing more efforts with the purpose of enhancing the systems in existence. One of the potentially biggest advantages of IPTV is the existence of a return channel from the customer to the IPTV service provider, which makes this technology the upcoming TV distribution system. The next big step is to serve stereoscopic video over IP networks. In this paper, we evaluate the stereoscopic video transmission over IP by taking measurements of the bandwidth, delay and jitter. These measurements are useful to test the QoS and QoE of the ITPV service and to demonstrate the need for high‐performance stereoscopic compression codecs. Then, we study the performance of four free codecs in order to propose an algorithm to perform the appropriate decisions to transmit stereoscopic video in the IPTV network properly. The algorithm is based on the empirical data obtained from our test and on some analytical considerations. Finally, we show the impact on the network given by the algorithm, and we compare the QoS parameters when each codec is chosen. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


ABSTRACTReal-time measurements of ozone, NOx, aerosols and radiation were performed very close to the launch area of high intensity pyrotechnic spectacles, the so-called Mascletas, typical of celebrations in eastern Spain. During these events, a considerable number of spectators are potentially exposed to high concentrations of pollutants directly or indirectly produced by the ignition of thousands of firecrackers at ground-level. This work is focused on the mechanism of ozone formation throughout the Mascletas. After the initial decrease in O3 levels (minimum concentration < 10 µg m–3) due to the reaction with NO emitted by fireworks explosions, peak concentrations of up to ~150 µg m–3 were recorded, clearly indicating that ozone was generated during these events. The results suggest that UV light produced by fireworks displays photolyzes O2 releasing O to form O3 as in the stratosphere.


At the end of each school year, starting in third grade, students are administered standardized assessments of reading achievement. In most contexts, these assessments have become benchmarks for student success. In this article, I argue that while these tests are commonplace, they are unfair assessments for students, teachers, and schools. An alternative approach involving curriculum-based assessment has been introduced to address the inadequacies of current high-stakes testing of reading. I highlight this approach to reading assessment and conclude that it is more appropriate and equitable for students, teachers, and schools.


Tissue engineering offers a promising alternative to the use of autografts in the treatment of ligament injuries. However, current approaches using only biodegradable materials have insufficient mechanical strength for load bearing applications. In this research, hybrid bio-artificial ligaments were fabricated using a combination of a titanium alloy spring and a fibrin gel/fibroblast construct. The ends of the ligament prosthesis were incorporated into brushite cement anchors to allow fu-sion with the host bone. Cell attachment to the titanium spring was examined using scanning electron microscopy and fluorescent staining of cells. The unreinforced constructs were observed to fail at the anchor-ligament junction, while the titanium spring reinforcement was found to assist in even transmission of the load to the ligament, and hence to provide a means of load sharing between the biological construct and the spring. As a result, the reinforced construct failed primarily in the soft tissue region. The good load distribution features from the mechanical data was attributed to the good cellular level adhesion to, and alignment along the coiling of, the length of the spring reinforcement. Incorporation of a biocompatible reinforcement in conjunction with a tissue engineered construct gave improved load distribution, reducing stress concentrations, and signif-icantly increased the ultimate strength at failure. The results suggest that the hybrid approach used here shows promise in developing improved therapies for connective tissue injuries.


Cortical electroencephalograms (EEG) may help understanding of neuropsychiatric illness and new treatment mechanisms. The aperiodic component (1/f) of EEG power spectra is often treated as noise, but recent studies suggest that changes to the aperiodic exponent of power spectra may reflect changes in excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance, a concept linked to antidepressant effects, epilepsy, autism, and other clinical conditions. One confound of previous studies is behavioral state, because factors associated with behavioral state other than E/I ratio may alter EEG parameters. Thus, to test the robustness of the aperiodic exponent as a predictor of E/I ratio, we analyzed active exploration in mice using video EEG following various pharmacological manipulations with the Fitting Oscillations & One Over F (FOOOF) algorithm. We found that GABAA receptor (GABAAR) positive allosteric modulators increased the aperiodic exponent, consistent with the hypothesis that an increased exponent signals enhanced cortical inhibition, but other drugs (ketamine and GABAAR antagonists at sub-convulsive doses) did not follow the prediction. To tilt E/I ratio more selectively toward excitation, we suppressed the activity of parvalbumin (PV) interneurons with Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs). Contrary to our expectations and studies demonstrating increased cortical activity following PV suppression, circuit disinhibition with the DREADD increased the aperiodic exponent. We conclude that the aperiodic exponent of EEG power spectra does not yield a universally reliable marker of E/I ratio. Alternatively, the concept of E/I state may be sufficiently oversimplified that it cannot be mapped readily onto an EEG parameter. Significance StateBment Neuropsychiatric illness is widely prevalent and debilitating. Causes are not well understood, but some hypotheses point toward altered excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance. Here, we use cortical electroencephalograms (EEG) in mice, given applicability of cortical EEG across species, and evaluate the impact of validated drugs, including anxiolytics (pentobarbital and diazepam), along with novel rapid-acting antidepressants (ketamine and allopregnanolone). We focus on analyzing the aperiodic component of EEG power spectra, which may be associated with changes in E/I ratio. We show that aperiodic exponent of EEG power spectra is not a reliable marker of E/I ratio. Moreover, the concept of E/I ratio may be too broad and complex to be defined by an EEG parameter.


Commenting on Goldberg's (1995) 'construction grammar', Tomasello (1998) proposes a model of language acquisition in which children move from highly specific utterance–event pairings to abstract, verb-general structures. Despite their many strengths, models of this kind predict considerably more overgeneralization of the argument structures of verbs than seems to occur. In recognition of this, the paper explains (and supports with data from a previously unpublished study of 44 children aged 2;0 to 4;4) how processes which are side effects of the emergence of the verb form class could counter the overgeneralizing tendencies. It is argued that these processes are consistent not just with the model proposed by Tomasello but also (in large part) with the grammatical theory developed by Goldberg.


Game preservation has risen the research agenda in recent years (e.g. Lowood 2009; Guttenbruner et al 2010; McDonough et al 2011) with much emphasis centring on emulation and the original experience (Serbicki 2016; Swalwell 2017) and the importance of documentation (Lowood 2013; Newman 2012). However, comparatively little work has been conducted on the theory and practice of game sound archiving (though note the commentary in McDonough et al 2010 on the limitations of videogame sound emulation). This paper reports on one recently-founded project that seeks to tackle this issue. The National Videogame Foundation 'Game Sound Archive' (GSA) operates in partnership with The British Library and centres on the creation and curation of archival-quality recordings of the distinctive sounds of digital games and gameplay.
Importantly, the GSA is not a collection of abstracted music files or sound effects and does not focus only on capturing the raw output of hardware systems and sound chips. Rather, the scope of the project extends to actuality recordings of games being played. This decision has two immediate consequences. In the first instance, it means that the recordings account for the totality of game audio emanating from systems and games at play. As such, music and effects intermingle, sometimes complementing one another and sometimes competing for sonic space depending on the design of the audio engine. However, more than this, the interest in documenting the actuality of gameplay brings the sounds of player interactions and the operation of the physical interface within the scope of the project.
Giving examples of some of the recordings, the paper explores the rationale and development of the GSA in the context of extant formal and informal game preservation projects and (game) sound collections such as the HVSC (High Voltage SID Collection) and VGMRips. The paper continues by considering the implications of these various projects' approaches, the (patchy) state of current game sound emulation and its role in preservation, and use-cases for archival recordings of game sound and actuality recordings such as those in the GSA. The paper concludes with an outline of the curatorial development plan for the GSA and an invitation to collaborate in the recording process.


Administration of the noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist phencyclidine (PCP) to rodents is widely used as preclinical model for schizophrenia. Most studies on this model employ methods investigating behavior and brain abnormalities. However, little is known about the corresponding peripheral effects. In this study, we analyzed changes in brain and serum molecular profiles, together with alterations in behavior after acute PCP treatment of rats. Furthermore, abnormalities in peripheral protein expression of first and recent onset antipsychotic free schizophrenia patients were assessed for comparison with the preclinical model. PCP treatment induced hyperlocomotion and stereotypic behavior, which have been related to positive symptoms of schizophrenia. Multiplex immunoassay profiling of serum revealed molecular abnormalities similar to those seen in first and recent onset, antipsychotic free schizophrenia patients. Also, increased insulin levels were detected after administration of a glucose tolerance test (GTT), consistent with previous studies showing changes in insulin signaling in patients with schizophrenia. Finally, schizophrenia-relevant alterations in brain molecules were found in the hippocampus and to a lesser extent in the frontal cortex using liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry and (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In conclusion, this study identified behavioral and molecular alterations in the acute PCP rat model, which are also observed in human schizophrenia. We propose that the corresponding changes in serum in both animals and patients may have utility as surrogate markers in this model to facilitate discovery and development of novel drugs for treatment of certain pathological features of schizophrenia.


Hegarty conjectured for $n\neq 2, 3, 5, 7$ that  $\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}$ has a permutation which destroys all arithmetic progressions mod $n$. For $n\ge n_0$, Hegarty and Martinsson demonstrated that $\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}$ has a permutation destroying arithmetic progressions. However $n_0\approx 1.4\times 10^{14}$ and thus resolving the conjecture in full remained out of reach of any computational techniques. Using constructions modeled after those used by Elkies and Swaminathan for the case of $\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}$ with $p$ being prime, this paper establishes the conjecture in full. Furthermore, our results are completely independent of the proof given by Hegarty and Martinsson.


The main results obtained when studying a temperature dependence of the uniaxial anisotropy of oblique-incidence magnetic films of cobalt are given. It has been stated that when depositing the films onto a substratum heated to 350°C, the easy magnetization axis (EA) is perpendicular to the incidence plane of a molecular beam (a positive anisotropy). EA is in the incidence plane (a negative anisotropy) when the temperature of a substratum is 60 to 80°C. At intermediate temperatures of a substratum a positive anisotropy arises at small angles of deposition and a negative one is at great angles of deposition. Temperature dependences of the constant of the uniaxial anisotropy for samples with a positive or negative anisotropy distinguish between each other. In samples with a positive anisotropy this constant changes with the temperature as a square of magnetization; in samples with a negative anisotropy at less than room temperatures, this constant is approximately proportional to the anisotropy constant of a massive-cobalt single crystal. The obtained results have been considered from the theoretical point of view, and it has been concluded that a negative anisotropy in oblique-incidence films arises as a result of formation of very small grains stretching in the direction of the incidence plane and having a significant anisotropy of the magnetic energy in layers adjoining the boundaries (the Neel anisotropy). Observation of the typical temperature dependence of the anisotropy constant of these samples is a very convincing proof of existence of the Neel anisotropy.


T in this article we review developments in the NZD/USD market between January 2001 and march 2006 using new and detailed dataset from Reuters, given the traditionally opaque nature of the global FX market, the dataset provides some insight into the NZD/USD market that have previously been unavailable. We show that trading volumes and other measures of market activity, like the depth of the limit order book, have increased significantly since 2001. We also show that market activity changes at different times of the trading day, with considerably more trading volumes taking place in London and New York


Abstract. The problem of spatial tracking for Hermite–Gaussian free-space optical (HG-FSO) links is addressed. Since HG waveforms allow for the simultaneous presence of orthogonal spatial channels, FSO-HG has the potential of offering a considerable increase in system capacity as compared with the standard FSO systems. To harness this capacity gain, the problem of spatial tracking becomes of paramount importance as the presence of spatial error significantly impacts the orthogonality of the HG waveforms. We, then, consider spatial tracking using a standard quad-detector arrangement and assume that the background noise and/or receiver thermal noise are large enough to warrant a Gaussian detection statistics. The performance is assessed in terms of the probability density function of the spatial tracking error for HG order of up to 3. In assessing performance, it is assumed that the impact of the cross-talk among the spatial modes is negligible under the steady-state condition. Numerical results are presented to assess the viability of the tracking loop. Numerical results show that among the HG waveforms with orders ranging from 1 to 3, the second-order HG waveform offers the best tracking performance and, hence, must be selected for the purpose of tracking in HG-FSO systems.


The impact of the 1929 economic depression affected on the debate on corporatism at its peak, when the corporatist framework was still under construction and Giuseppe Bottai was Minister of the Corporations. By tracing the discussions stimulated by some key figures in the economic culture of the time – Gino Arias, Agostino Lanzillo, Francesco Vito – this contribution aims to to outline how the dispute about the new corporative economy might disclose some interesting features: namely, through the asserted primacy of ethics over liberal individualism, it would acknowledge the need for an active intervention of the State in the economic life, virtually capable of outliving the Fascist period.


The aim of this paper is to show the role of anthropological inquiry in the development of a new, interdisciplinary approach to food in culture - namely: food studies. Early anthropologists, for example, Bronislaw Malinowski and Edward Evans-Pritchard, stressed the social meaning of food while analyzing the outcome of their fieldwork. When the functional approach had been replaced by structuralism, the symbolic meaning of food was given priority. Therefore, Claude Levi-Strauss constructed his famous culinary triangle to show the connection between culture and nature in human thought; however, the triangle was not based on his own fieldwork, but rather many examples from other works were used to support this theoretical approach. This paper shows that without the theoretical and practical contribution of these three anthropologists, the flourishing of food studies as a new discipline would have been seriously delayed.


This study finds that Massachusetts has much to gain and little to lose from a casino being proposed for southeastern Massachusetts by the government of the Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah). The proposed Wampanoag facility would not only retain the bulk of the very large number of Massachusetts' casino customers who currently spend heavily in Connecticut's casinos, but would also attract New Hampshire and Maine residents who currently pass through the Commonwealth on their way to casinos in Connecticut. It also notes that, because the Wampanoag facility is proposed for Bristol and Plymouth Counties—two counties with below-average incomes—the facility could bring greater balance to the Massachusetts economy. The study also examines two areas of potential concern to Massachusetts policymakers: competition with the Commonwealth's lottery and social change. It notes that the Massachusetts State Lottery's growth continued upward through the introduction and expansion in Connecticut of the largest casino in the world—Foxwoods—and its neighbor, Mohegan Sun. With regard to possible social problems that might be thought to be associated with gaming, the study finds that problems such as pathological gambling are not likely to be materially increased: Massachusetts residents already have had (and made use of) ready and extensive access to gambling opportunities through the Connecticut casinos, the State Lottery, and other venues. The study also addresses additional concerns of state policymakers, in particular, traffic, police, and other public infrastructure concerns. It finds that these issues do not loom so large as to necessitate the rejection of the Wampanoag proposal, and Federal law provides for negotiations between tribal and state governments over funding of incremental demands on local and state systems.


We present high‐resolution imaging results of crustal and upper mantle velocity discontinuities across the Illinois Basin area using both common conversion point stacking and plane wave migration methods applied to P wave receiver functions from the EarthScope Ozark, Illinois, Indiana, and Kentucky experiment. The images reveal unusually thick crust (up to 62 km) throughout the central and southeastern Illinois Basin area. A significant Moho gradient underlies the NW trending Ste. Genevieve Fault Zone, which delineates the boundary between the Illinois Basin and Ozark Dome. Relatively thinner crust (<45 km) underlies most of the Precambrian highlands surrounding the Illinois Basin and beneath the rift‐related structures of the Reelfoot Rift and the Rough Creek Graben. We consider four hypotheses to explain the presence of thick crust under the central and southeastern Illinois Basin. Crustal thickening may have been produced (1) prior to its accretion to North America around 1.55 Ga and is an inherited characteristic of this crustal province; (2) by underthrusting or shortening during Proterozoic convergent margin tectonics around 1.55–1.35 Ga; (3) by Late Precambrian magmatic underplating at the base of older crust, associated with the creation of the Eastern Granite‐Rhyolite Province around 1.3 Ga; and (4) through crustal "relamination" during an episode of Proterozoic flat‐slab subduction beneath the Illinois Basin, possibly associated with the Grenville Orogeny.


We propose a simple adaptive procedure for playing strategic games: average testing. In this procedure each player sticks to her current strategy if it yields a payoff that exceeds her average payoff by at least some fixed \epsilon > 0; otherwise she chooses a strategy at random. We consider generic two-person games where both players play according to the average testing procedure on blocks of k-periods. We demonstrate that for all k large enough, the pair of time-average payoffs converges (almost surely) to the 3\epsilon-Pareto efficient boundary.


The article illustrates the impact of basalt filler in the form of flakes and fibres on the toxicity of gaseous products that formed during the thermal decomposition of silicone rubber composites. The values of specific emissions of gases were determined with the help of the IR spectroscopy and further applied to calculate the toxicometric index. The presented method of measuring the concentrations of gaseous products resulting from thermal decomposition consists in the application of a fluidised bed reactor, which makes it possible to conduct the decomposition of a sample at a precisely assumed temperature value and imitate the conditions of a real fire. At a temperature lower than 700 °C, the gases resulting from the thermal decomposition of composites are particularly toxic due to the presence of significant concentrations of formaldehyde that does not undergo oxidation to more stable inorganic products. At a temperature of 600 °C the toxicity of gases for the samples with ceramizable additives and without them was similar. In the first case, there appeared to be a positive synergistic effect of mineral and basalt additives, and the basalt additives themselves increased the toxicity of gases. At higher temperatures of decomposition, the exponentially increasing rate of the oxidation reaction in the gaseous phase results in the lack of significant differences between the toxicity of gases for the samples with and without basalt additives. The toxicometric index value at temperatures of 700 °C and 800 °C was by one or two orders of magnitude higher, respectively, than the one that was observed in the temperature range of 500–600 °C, as inorganic components appear in the place of formaldehyde.


The traditional focus in adminstrative law on agency discretion prevents us from appreciating the extent of private participation in governance. Although legal scholars have long acknowledged some forms of private engagement with public agencies, such as lobbying and litigation, non-government actors remain marginal in a field dominated by agency action. Private actors are involved in myriad ways in every dimension of the regulatory and administrative process. Their role in governance has taken on even greater importance in the face of widespread privatization and contracting out, as they increasingly perform what are thought to be "public functions." The article provides illustrations of the private role in governance, arguing that the regulatory and adminstrative process is characterized by public-private interdependence. It offers a conceptualization of governance as a product of regulatory regimes in which responsibility is shared, rather than distinctly separate "public" and "private" actors. While administrative law must now orient itself to respond to private activity, scholars ought to resist the impulse to simply constrain private actors as if they were agencies, either by considering them to be "public" actors for constitutional purposes or by incorporating public law norms into private law. A deeper understanding of the private role in governance will help clarify the dangers posed by different regulatory regimes and the mechanisms -- traditional and non-traditional, formal and informal -- with which administrative law might respond. Viewing governance as a shared enterprise allows us to separate the mechanisms that produce public law values (accountability, rationality, neutrality) from the public or private nature of the decision maker. This in turn helps to cast private parties in a more realistic and balanced light. Private actors are not just rational, self-interested rent-seekers that exacerbate the traditional accountability problem in administrative law; they are also regulatory resources capable of contributing to the efficacy and legitimacy of administration.


MEKK3 is a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase that participates in various signaling pathways. One of its functions is to activate the ERK5 signal pathway by phosphorylating and activating MEK5. MEKK3 and MEK5 each harbors a PB1 domain in the N-terminus, and they form a heterodimer via PB1-PB1 domain interaction that was reported to be indispensable to the activation of MEK5. Using NMR spectroscopy, we show here that a prolyl isomerization of the Gln38-Pro39 bond is present in MEKK3 PB1, which is the first case of structural heterogeneity within PB1 domains. We have solved the solution structures of both isomers and found a major difference between them in the Pro39 region. Residues Gly37-Leu40 form a type VIb beta-turn in the cis conformation, whereas no obvious character of beta-turn was observed in the trans conformation. Backbone dynamics studies have unraveled internal motions in the beta3/beta4-turn on a microsecond-millisecond time scale. Further investigation of its binding properties with MEK5 PB1 has demonstrated that MEKK3 PB1 binds MEK5 PB1 tightly with a Kd of about 10(-8) M. Mutagenesis analysis revealed that residues in the basic cluster of MEKK3 PB1 contributes differently to the PB1-PB1 interaction. Residues Lys 7 and Arg 5 play important roles in the interaction with MEK5 PB1. Taken together, this study provides new insights into structural details of MEKK3 PB1 and its binding properties with MEK5 PB1.


Directional adpositions such as to the left of describe where a Figure is in relation to a Ground. English and Swedish directional adpositions refer to the location of a Figure in relation to a Ground, whether both are static or in motion. In contrast, the Finnish directional adpositions edella (in front of) and jaljessa (behind) solely describe the location of a moving Figure in relation to a moving Ground (Nikanne, 2003).
When using directional adpositions, a frame of reference must be assumed for interpreting the meaning of directional adpositions. For example, the meaning of to the left of in English can be based on a relative (speaker or listener based) reference frame or an intrinsic (object based) reference frame (Levinson, 1996). When a Figure and a Ground are both in motion, it is possible for a Figure to be described as being behind or in front of the Ground, even if neither have intrinsic features. As shown by Walker (in preparation), there are good reasons to assume that in the latter case a motion based reference frame is involved. This means that if Finnish speakers would use edella (in front of) and jaljessa (behind) more frequently in situations where both the Figure and Ground are in motion, a difference in reference frame use between Finnish on one hand and English and Swedish on the other could be expected.
We asked native English, Swedish and Finnish speakers' to select adpositions from a language specific list to describe the location of a Figure relative to a Ground when both were shown to be moving on a computer screen. We were interested in any differences between Finnish, English and Swedish speakers.
All languages showed a predominant use of directional spatial adpositions referring to the lexical concepts TO THE LEFT OF, TO THE RIGHT OF, ABOVE and BELOW. There were no differences between the languages in directional adpositions use or reference frame use, including reference frame use based on motion.
We conclude that despite differences in the grammars of the languages involved, and potential differences in reference frame system use, the three languages investigated encode Figure location in relation to Ground location in a similar way when both are in motion.

Levinson, S. C. (1996). Frames of reference and Molyneux's question: Crosslingiuistic evidence. In P. Bloom, M.A. Peterson, L. Nadel & M.F. Garrett (Eds.) Language and Space (pp.109-170). Massachusetts: MIT Press.
Nikanne, U. (2003). How Finnish postpositions see the axis system. In E. van der Zee & J. Slack (Eds.), Representing direction in language and space. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Walker, C. (in preparation). Motion encoding in language, the use of spatial locatives in a motion context. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Lincoln, Lincoln. United Kingdom


Objectives: Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) are a significant consideration in Anticoagulation management. The objective of this study was to identify DDIs with Vitamin K Antagonists (VKAs) and to assess the effect of DDIs on Time in Therapeutic range (TTR) (percentage of time a patient's INR is within the desired treatment range). Methods: An Observational study carried over a period of 6 months. Patients taking VKAs are included in this study. Patient data were collected from patient records and hospital information system. TTR calculation was done using the Rosendaal method. Drug interaction was checked using the Drug interaction checker (Micromedex) and online Lexi Interact. Criticality index was calculated using "Failure Modes, Effects and Criticality Analysis" (FMECA) method. Association between DDIs and TTR were assessed. Results: Fifty four DDIs were identified in a total of 150 patients (mean age 55.47 years, 56.66% women). Twenty one drugs were potentially interacting with VKAs. Four drugs have a criticality index of ≥10 are considered as high risk for interacting with VKAs. The mean TTR was 33.12±26.06%, 20 patients (13.33%) were under good control and 130 patients (86.67%) were under poor control. Out of fifty four DDIs, Fifty one DDIs (94%) are in poor control population. Drug interaction and clinical events such as bleeding and thromboembolism were significantly associated (p=0.01). Drug interaction (p=0.02) was a significant predictor of poor control of TTR. Conclusion: DDI is one of the major factors that alter the percentage number of days the patients were in the desired INR range (TTR).


Recent years have witnessed an increasing amount of research efforts and applications on keyword bid in search engine advertising, giving rise to a focal point of research for the question of how to generate more relevant and novel keywords in targeting users' intents. This paper introduces the notion of keywords with indirect relevance based on query logs, and then proposes a new semantic transfer keyword suggestion method (namely, STK) to generate the candidate keywords with links to the seed keyword in light of semantic transfer paths that are formulated with multi-step relevance. To reduce computational consumption in generating the links, a pruning strategy is developed based upon certain properties of semantic transfer paths, so that those unnecessary links are cut in the algorithmic process. Furthermore, the STK method is tested via data experiments and illustrative examples, demonstrating the overall superiority of STK in comparison with other major keyword suggestion methods of concern for effectiveness measures.


The color code is a topological quantum error-correcting code supporting a variety of valuable fault-tolerant logical gates. Its two-dimensional version, the triangular color code, may soon be realized with currently available superconducting hardware despite constrained qubit connectivity. To guide this experimental effort, we study the storage threshold of the triangular color code against circuit-level depolarizing noise. First, we adapt the Restriction Decoder to the setting of the triangular color code and to phenomenological noise. Then, we propose a fault-tolerant implementation of the stabilizer measurement circuits, which incorporates flag qubits. We show how information from flag qubits can be used in an efficient and scalable way with the Restriction Decoder to maintain the effective distance of the code. We numerically estimate the threshold of the triangular color code to be 0.2%, which is competitive with the thresholds of other topological quantum codes. We also prove that 1-flag stabilizer measurement circuits are sufficient to preserve the full code distance, which may be used to find simpler syndrome extraction circuits of the color code.


PAOPA, a potent analog of prolyl-leucyl-glycinamide, has shown therapeutic potential at the preclinical stage for dopaminergic related illnesses, including animal models of schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease and haloperidol-induced extrapyramidal movement disorders. PAOPA's unique allosteric mechanism and dopamine D2 receptor specificity provide a unique composition of properties for the development of potential therapeutics for neuropsychiatric illnesses. We sought to investigate PAOPA's therapeutic prospects across the spectrum of schizophrenia-like symptoms represented in the established phencyclidine-induced rat model of schizophrenia, (5 mg/kg PCP twice daily for 7 days, followed by 7 days of drug withdrawal). PAOPA was assessed for its effect on brain metabolic activity and across a battery of behavioral tests including, hyperlocomotion, social withdrawal, sensorimotor gating, and novel object recognition. PAOPA showed therapeutic efficacy in behavioral paradigms representing the negative (social withdrawal) and cognitive-like (novel object recognition) symptoms of schizophrenia. Interestingly, some behavioral indices associated with the positive symptoms of schizophrenia that were ameliorated in PAOPA's prior examination in the amphetamine-sensitized model of schizophrenia were not ameliorated in the PCP model; suggesting that the deficits induced by amphetamine and PCP—while phenotypically similar—are mechanistically different and that PAOPA's effects are restricted to certain mechanisms and systems. These studies provide insight on the potential use of PAOPA for the safe and effective treatment of schizophrenia.


We investigate how long wavelength inflationary fluctuations can cause the background field to deviate from classical dynamics. For generic potentials, we show that, in the Hartree approximation, the long wavelength dynamics can be encapsulated by a two-field model operating in an effective potential. The latter is given by a simple Gaussian integral transformation of the original inflationary potential. We use this new expression to study backreaction effects in quadratic, hilltop, flattened, and axion monodromy potentials. We find that the net result of the altered dynamics is to slightly modify the spectral tilt, drastically decrease the tensor-to-scalar ratio, and to effectively smooth over any features of the potential, with the size of these deviations set by the initial value of power in large scale modes and the shape of the potential during the entire evolution.


The tendency to eat in response to stress known as emotional eating (EmE). Individuals with EmE usually has been change their dietary pattern towards more unhealthy snacking which contribute to overweight. This study aims to examine the interrelationship between EmE, snacking behavior and nutritional status among adolescents. This was an analytic observational with a cross sectional design study. It was conducted in Surakarta, on August 2019. Total 140 adolescents aged 14-17 years was selected. The data of EmE were measured by Emotional Eater Questionnaire (EEQ), data of snacking behaviour measured by food frequencies questionnaire (FFQ), and BMI were measured using weight scale and microtoice. Data were analyzed by descriptive, bivariate and binary logistic using SPSS v.23. There was significantly difference of EmE and snacking behavior in underweight, normal, and overweight adolescents. We found that underweight ( 4.17±3.16) and normal individuals (4.97±4,19) were not an emotional eater, and less sweet snacks and sweet drinks consumption while overweight individuals were an emotional eater (14.26±6.04) and eat more sweet snacks, and sweet drinks (p<0,001) during negative emotional states. It was shown that emotional eating and snacking behavior were found higher in overweight than underweight and normal individuals.


Radar backscatter at 50 MHz, rocket, and VHF/GHz scintillation measurements of spread F irregularities at the magnetic equator in Peru were made during the Project Condor campaign in March 1983. The paper discusses the coordinated set of observations on two evenings, March 1 and March 14, 1983, when the altitude of the F region peak differed by more than 150 km. The full complement of equatorial spread F phenomena, namely, the occurrence of 3-m plume structures and VHF/GHz scintillations, were recorded on both these evenings. It was found that the radar backscatter with extended plumes occurs in association with maximum 1.7-GHz scintillations. This established that the height-integrated rms electron density deviation of ∼200-m scale irregularities causing 1.7-GHz scintillations maximizes in extended 3-m plume structures. The magnitude of 1.7-GHz scintillations recorded at high elevation angles (∼76°) near the magnetic equator did not exceed a value of S4 = 0.2 (4 dB) in contrast to the near saturated 1.5-GHz scintillations routinely observed at Ascension Island near the crests of the equatorial anomaly of F2 ionization. The observed scintillation magnitudes at 1.7 GHz have, however, been found to be compatible with the ambient F region and the irregularity parameters measured by the rocket. The spectral index n of scintillations has been found to be relatively less steep (n ∼ −3) on March 1, 1983, when the F region was high, and the index is steep (n ∼ −5) on March 14, 1983, when the F region was at a lower altitude. The F region rocket, however, measured nearly identical one-dimensional spectral indices of intermediate-scale irregularities on both evenings, compatible with the less steep spectral index of scintillations. The irregularity drift velocities measured by the spaced receiver scintillation measurements were in general agreement with the radar interferometer results except that the spaced receiver drifts were 20% higher. The zonal drift was observed to be ∼100 m/s on the night of March 1 and ∼200 m/s on the night of March 14. This result may be a consequence of the day-to-day variability of the measured zonal neutral winds and field line integrated Pedersen conductivities.


The aim of the present study was to analyze the differences regarding psychopathic traits and related constructs in female youths of diverse ethnic backgrounds. Using a sample of 88 young females from the Juvenile Detention Centers of the Portuguese Ministry of Justice (white Europeans group: n = 44, ethnic minorities group: n = 44), and a sample of 130 young females from the schools of the Lisbon region (white Europeans group: n = 65, ethnic minorities group: n = 65) results showed that almost no differences were found within the forensic group and the school group. Independently of ethnic group membership, psychopathic traits scores were significantly associated with behavioral problems, conduct disorder, self-reported delinquency, crime seriousness, age of crime onset, and age at first trouble with the law.


Background: Diabetes mellitus patients may have a different response to similar medication. Therefore, individualized treatment and monitoring of the therapy is needed to ensure the patients' response. Alternative medication or dose adjustment should be considered in order to achieve the therapeutic goal. Objective: The aim of this study was to find out patients' response to medication variation or dose adjustment. Methods: This study used descriptive design in PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital and Panti Rapih hospital period October-December 2014. Participants are all patients who got pharmacological therapy for treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2, including oral antidiabetics and/ insulin and met the inclusion criteria. The response of therapy was checked 2 times, during check-in and check-out. Results: Analysis of response variation showed that individualized response existed, in which positive response occurred in 10 patients and the other had a negative response. The changes were dose adjustment and medication alteration or medication addition. From 6 patients who needed medication adjusment, 5 patients had a positive response, and others had a negative response. Whereas from 6 patients whose dosage or medication was not changed, 5 of them had a positive response while one had a negative response. Conclusion: Individualized treatment is needed to achieve a therapeutic goal. Individualized treatment can be done through dose adjustment and medication alteration, or medications addition.


: Bacterial culture and cytology of semen, bacterial culture and cytology of prostatic fluid washings, urinalysis, bacterial culture of urine, and blood leukocyte counts were performed on specimens from dogs with prostatic hyperplasia, chronic prostatitis, or prostatic neoplasia. Hemorrhage was the most frequent abnormal finding in semen from dogs with prostatic hyperplasia. Inflammation was the most frequent abnormal finding in dogs with chronic prostatitis. Bacterial culture of semen was sensitive but not specific for chronic bacterial prostatitis, due to false-positive results from urethral contamination. Hemorrhage was the most frequent abnormal finding in prostatic fluid washings from dogs with prostatic hyperplasia. Inflammation was the most frequent abnormal finding in dogs with chronic prostatitis. Abnormal epithelial cells were found after prostatic massage in 4 dogs with neoplasia, although these cells were difficult to identify as neoplastic. Prostatic fluid washings were not useful for detecting chronic bacterial prostatitis, due to an inability to detect increases in bacterial counts in the fluid when urine bacterial counts were high. Hematuria was the predominant abnormal finding in urinalysis from dogs with hyperplasia and neoplasia. Pyuria was the most frequent abnormal finding in dogs with chronic prostatitis. Urine was usually culture-positive when there was prostatic infection. Blood leukocyte counts were normal in dogs with prostatic hyperplasia and usually normal in dogs with neoplasia. Leukocytosis, a left shift, and toxic white blood cells were predictive of abscessation, although the blood leukocyte count was not a very sensitive indicator for infection without abscessation.


The year that this Festscrift was published is now seen as a time of great sea change, from a library world based firmly on the book to a world of almost infinite resource variety. Librarians were caught right in the middle. The signs of this change had been coming for some time, engendered by technology's genius for new forms of information storage and retrieval. The change did not make the book outmoded, despite the many fears expressed at the time in the form of Gutenberg elegies. Rather, the sea change brought new formats, rich and strange, and with them the challenge to find our own imaginative responses. Belonging to an association of like minds, albeit not all of them digitally native, was a blessing as we progressed from our card-carrying card catalogue days into a time of diversification and information overload. From its inception, the Australian and New Zealand Theological Library Association thrived, based on meeting the professional needs of its members. Sensitivity to presenting issues has always happened in an environment where the value and meaning of our collective inheritances have been upheld. The necessarily ecumenical nature of the Association has been a main cause of its success. The sharing of different traditions, with their varying purposes and styles, has been educational for all librarians who have encountered it; they have joined in with the possibilities. A creative exchange has been established and maintained. The consequent creation of quality products with the ANZTLA brand has been one practical and fruitful outcome. The Association was never going to fit into the special interest group categories of a national library association: our numbers were always too large, our needs multiple and complex. Nor would it fit in as an adjunct to any theological association, something satisfactorily explained in the existing histories: theologians were never going to fully understand or appreciate the expectations of their librarians, or give them the indefinite time and attention required adequately to address those expectations. The Association came into being by launching itself free of any parental body, making its own way and developing its own character. Browsing through the Festschrift today one is sensitive to the great achievements made by the Association in that short space of time since the landmark consultation of 1983. Raised consciousness about collection development, special collections, specialist religious issues in acquisition, cataloguing, reference and so forth had been reached quickly by close collaboration and a growing trust in our mutual endeavours. The Association has always had the knack of identifying the main issues at stake in our work, then acting to solve them within its limited means. This talent emerged early. One also notices more work to be done. Trevor Zweck's admirable history of ANZTLA describes how several people seemed to have the idea for ANZTLA, or at least saw the need, at about the same time. However, subsequent research has revealed that different cities of mainland Australia now lay claim to the genesis moment, with agreement nowhere in sight. Cards may see this as a typical symptom of Australian life, an opportunity for argument deep into the night in defence of local claims. More than likely though, as with most things, it was a New Zealander who actually first had the idea. The Festschrift contains useful histories of theological libraries. It reminds us there is still much work to be done too on the history of the book in the Antipodes and its relation both to religious learning and theological education. There is still much work to be done on the history of religious publishing in this part of the world and how it expresses the life of nations with sometimes ambivalent attitudes about religion in public life. Patterns of educational reform across church traditions and their meaning in regard to faith life is another subject for our consideration. One is amazed all over again at the work of researchers like Coralie Jenkin, who put together directories of theological and religious libraries with meticulous attention to detail. Detail, indeed, that one sometimes wonders is there online, now that library directories rely on the individual input of the institutions themselves. Her lists include records of private collections of scholars, clergy and enthusiasts that were a decisive subject guide for individual researchers. The concrete nature of the Book made such lists possible, they were locatable in time and space. One wonders if the same can be said for the mercurial nature of online directories and repositories. The Association thrives today because of the willingness of its members to ask the hard questions about their work needs and demands in the reality of a changing resource environment. Also, their ready willingness to work together and serve each other in the interests of common objectives, which continues due to the enabling existence of an energetic and committed Association. The friendly annual conference is where so much of this is recognised and the tasks addressed. The lively sharing of information on the e-list ANZTLA-Forum and at chapters meetings is essential to our forward purpose. This Festschrift is one basic resource for anyone wanting to know about ANZTLA. It is good news, and we are grateful indeed, that the American Theological Library Association sees fit to make it available here as well. --- Philip Harvey


The study of expert performance has become a popular area for sport psychologists. Knowledge of factors that differentiate those with varying levels of skill is helpful in determining the limits on human performance and in designing suitable training interventions and support mechanisms to facilitate the acquisition of expertise. The expert performance approach may be employed as a systematic framework for studying expertise across domains. The first step is to capture the essence of expert performance in the laboratory under controlled and reproducible conditions. Process-tracing methods and representative task manipulations are then employed to identify the mechanisms mediating expert performance. Finally, the deliberate practice activities in which experts engage, and changes in the nature of mediating processes leading to improvement with practice, are identified using retrospective and longitudinal methods. The approach is recommended to those working in the military to encourage evidence-based practice in developing elite service personnel.


In this paper, we have explored the response of bipolar junction transistors (BJT) to the controlled application of mechanical stress. Mechanical strains and stresses are developed during the fabrication, assembly and packaging of the integrated circuit (IC) chips. Due to these stresses and strains, it has been observed by many researchers that changes can occur in the electrical performance of both analog and digital devices. Stress-induced device parametric shifts affect the performance of analog circuits that depend upon precise matching of bipolar and/or MOS devices, and can cause them to operate out of specifications. In the past the authors have extensively investigated the stress effects on resistors embedded on integrated chips and were successful in characterizing die stresses for various packaging architectures. We have also observed stress effects on diodes, field effect transistors (FETs), van der Pauw structures and CMOS sensor arrays. In this present work, the stress dependence of the electrical behavior of bipolar transistors has been investigated. Test structures have been utilized to characterize the stress sensitivity of vertical bipolar devices fabricated on (100) silicon wafers. In the experiments, uniaxial normal stresses were applied to silicon wafer strips using a four-point-bending fixture. An approximate theory has also been developed for stress-induced changes in the current gain of bipolar junction transistors. Both the theoretical and experimental results show similar trend for DC current gain vs. stress plots. Multi-Physics based finite element simulations (coupled electro-mechanical-thermal) have been performed to understand the device level mechanisms that cause the stress induced changes in the BJTs and also to characterize and model stress dependence of fundamental silicon material parameters such as bandgap, intrinsic carrier concentration, and electron/hole mobilities. In the future, the developed formulations can be applied to theoretically optimize transistor design, placement, orientation, and processing to minimize the impact of fabrication and packaging induced die stresses.© 2013 ASME


The purpose of the present paper is to seek to elucidate the effects of recent and future population development upon the economic welfare of the Danish population as a whole but especially of the elderly. It is shown that the proportion of the elderly in the total population has increased from 10 percent in 1900 to 20 percent in 1984 and is likely to increase to 21 percent in 2000 and 30 percent in 2025. The consequent increase in the dependency burden on those of working age is examined. The need for greater economic efficiency higher fertility and increased labor force participation by the elderly in order for the country to respond to this challenge is noted. (summary in FRE ITA) (EXCERPT)


Government departments play an important role in the country's economic development and building, along with the continuous deepening of network application, some important contents such as the government services have gradually started on the Internet. Based on information security model, we designed and implemented a security system of e-government information. And introduced the various components of the system and detailed described the overall design and concrete realization of these components.


DIGOXIN USE AND INCREASED MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH AF Digoxin is associated with a significant increase in all-cause mortality in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), according to a study published in the European Heart Journal. Researchers analysed data from patients enrolled in the AF Follow-up Investigation of Rhythm Management (AFFIRM) trial. The AFFIRM trial had enrolled 4060 patients with AF considered at high risk for stroke. The researchers used multivariate Cox proportional hazards models to assess the impact of digoxin as a time-dependent covariate on all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality and arrhythmic cardiovascular mortality. Analyses were conducted in all patients and in subsets according to the presence or absence of heart failure (HF). The findings showed that digoxin was associated with an increase in all-cause mortality (estimated HR (EHR) 1.41, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.67, p<0.001), cardiovascular mortality (EHR 1.35, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.71, p=0.016) and arrhythmic mortality (EHR 1.61, 95% CI 1.12 to 2.30, p=0.009). 'The all-cause mortality was increased with digoxin in patients without or with HF. There was also no significant digoxin-gender interaction for all-cause (p=0.70) or cardiovascular (p=0.95) mortality', say the researchers. 'Our findings suggest that, in patients with AF, digoxin is associated with increased all-cause mortality after controlling for comorbidities and propensity scores, regardless of gender and the presence or absence of underlying HF'. All-cause mortality was 41% higher in patients on digoxin. The researchers stress that their findings underscore the importance of reassessing the role of digoxin in the management of AF in patients with or without HF. Eur Heart J doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ ehs348


The Rapti River in the Central Nepal drains fold-thrust belts of the Lesser and the Sub-Himalayas as demarcated by four major thrusts, and is located in humid sub-tropical climatic zone. Within the Sub-Himalaya (Siwalik Group), a wide Dun Valley gives way the long low-gradient Rapti River in the northeast region, therefore, forming a characteristic piggy-back basin within the foldthrust belts. Sands from the Rapti River were obtained and analysed to characterise composition and texture, to verify its provenance, and to compare with modern and ancient sands/sandstones from different basins having similar tectonic setting. The Rapti River sand is quarto-lithic in composition. It plots on recycled orogeny provenance field in the QFL and QmFLt triangle diagrams showing no major difference in provenance with other sands/ sandstones from different climates. However, the Rapti River sand is remarkably poorer in feldspar but richer in lithic fragments and quartz compared to the other sands/sandstones .


Guided biopsy of hepatocellular carcinoma has been recently discussed again due to the progress of imaging techniques and the risk of malignant seeding after the procedure. Ultrasound is probably still the most accurate imaging modality for early detection of nodules arising on cirrhosis, even when compared with more advanced imaging techniques. It can be easily employed in the surveillance of high‐risk cirrhotic patients. Ultrasound‐guided biopsy has very high sensitivity and almost absolute specificity, which allows the appropriate treatment to start after a positive diagnosis. It also allows correct diagnosis of lymphomatous nodules, the incidence of which is increased in hepatitis C virus‐related cirrhosis. The risk of seeding appears limited according to the currently available epidemiological data; this should be considered against the risk of false‐positive diagnosis of malignancy based on imaging studies alone. Ultrasound‐guided biopsy is a valuable tool also for the diagnosis of small nodules (less than 10 mm in diameter). The best accuracy in the sampling of hepatocellular carcinoma nodules is obtained by combining smear cytology and microhistology. This can be achieved by a single biopsy with a fine cutting needle that furnishes pathologic material suitable for both examinations, reducing risks and costs. (Liver Transpl 2004;10:S26–S29.)


Entrepreneurs are surprisingly unlikely to have partners. One possible explanation for this is that entrepreneurs have distinctive preferences for working alone rather than in teams. However, a number of alternative explanations exist, such as an inability to locate suitable partners or low profitability from having a partner. Utilizing a diverse subject population with a high proportion of active entrepreneurs, we use a team production experiment to directly examine whether entrepreneurs prefer to work alone or in a team. The experiment also measures an important determinant of entrepreneurs' performances within teams, and their relative tendency to free-ride. The data indicate that entrepreneurs, while no more likely to free-ride on their teammates, are substantially more interested in working alone than similar non-entrepreneurs.


The DNA of a nucleosome core particle is wrapped tightly around a histone octamer with approximately 80 base pairs per superhelical turn. Studies of both naturally occurring and reconstituted systems have shown that DNA sequences very often adopt well-defined locations with respect to the octamer. Recent work in this laboratory has provided a structural explanation for this sequence-dependent positioning in terms of the differential flexibility of different sequences and of departures from smooth bending. The 'rules' that are emerging for DNA bendability and, from the results of other workers, on intrinsically bent DNA, are likely to be useful in considering looping and bending of DNA in other processes in which it is thought to be wrapped around a protein core.


Wind tunnel and flight tests were made to determine the performance characteristics of two designs of commercially available venturi tubes used in airplanes to operate air-driven gyroscopic instruments. Data obtained at sea level may be used to make approximate predictions of performance at higher altitudes. There is some indication that this may also be done for single venturi tubes. For a given installation in which an air-driven instrument is connected through tubing with a venturi tube, the volume rate of induced air flow is approximately proportional to the product of indicated air speed and the square root of the ratio of standard to ambient air pressure. The efficiency of such a system at a given altitude is constant. Rather large variations in suction and efficiency were found for individual tubes of the same design. Cylindrical fairings on the external surface resulted in a reduction of both drag and suction but little change in efficiency.


Shortly after the Civil Marriage Act took effect in 1917 and the constitutional right to freedom of religion was implemented by the Freedom of Religion Act in 1922, the number of intermarriages started to rise in the Finnish Jewish congregations, affecting both their customs, and the structure of their membership. Initially, intermarried members and their spouses faced rejection in their congregations; however, during the second half of the twenty-first century, the attitudes towards intermarriages and intermarried congregants have changed significantly. Today, a high number of intermarriages is one of the key defining characteristics of Finnish Jewish communities. This article will concentrate on the vernacular practices of intermarried women in the Jewish Community of Helsinki and Turku. The core material of this article consists of semi-structured ethnographic interviews conducted in 2019 and 2020 with members of the two Finnish Jewish communities. The women presented in this study often combine models from different traditions. Instead of abandoning Judaism altogether, they 'do Judaism in their own way' by creating and (re)-inventing traditions they find meaningful for themselves and for their families.


High-speed cold roll-beating is a near-net shaping technology in which with the characteristic of metal plastic forming used, revolving roller with high speed is applied to roll and beat the blank shaft, then force mental to flow and form a component profile. In the forming process, matching between the process parameters and the part profile is key to implement and apply the technology. In this paper, the FEM model of the lead screw cold roll-beating forming is built, the ABAQUS software is used to simulate the forming process. Based on the simulation results, the orthogonal test is designed, influence of process parameters on groove depth and bulging height of cold roll-beating process are studied; multivariate regression models of maximum bulging height and groove depth relative to the process parameters are established, and the effectiveness of the models are verified, which is of important guiding significances for forming accurate profile of lead screw by controlling process parameters.


This article explores the use of an intersecting methodology termed Te Kupenga as a philosophical approach to gathering, interpreting, and storing mātauranga wahine. The research aimed to understand the ways of being and doing of physically active wāhine Māori and relate them to characteristics of atua wāhine. A kupenga is a type of open weave net used for fishing or gathering food. In this research, it represents the weaving together of three approaches: Whakapapa, Mana Wahine theory, and physical activity. While each offers a unique way to view the world and your position in it, their intersections offer important shared qualities that purposefully shape the research, its philosophy, and its methods. As a type of interfacing methodology, Te Kupenga weaves together philosophies and methods—keeping what is needed and allowing what is not required to pass through the gaps in the weave.


Empirical studies on the impact of women's paid jobs on their empowerment and welfare in the Bangladesh context are rare. The few studies on the issue to date have all been confined to the garment workers only although studies indicate that women's workforce participation in Bangladesh has increased across-the-board. Besides, none of these studies has made an attempt to control for the non-working women and/or applied any statistical technique to control for the effects of other pertinent determinants of women's empowerment and welfare such as education, age, religion and place of living. This study overcomes these drawbacks and presents alternative assessments of the link between women's workforce participation and empowerment on the basis of survey data from the two largest cities in Bangladesh. While the generic assessment indicates that women's paid jobs have positive implications for women's participation in decisions on fertility, children's education and healthcare as well as their possession and control of resources, the econometric assessment negates most of these observations. Women's education, on the other hand, appears to be more important than their participation in the labour force. The study underlines the fact that by omitting other relevant explanatory variables from the analysis, the previous studies might have overestimated the impact of women's paid work on their empowerment. Among other things, the paper also highlights the importance of women's job category, religion and regional differences for women's empowerment.


This research aims to map the potential of Balinese Hindu religious ceremony as an effective and efficient biology learning media. The ceremonial activity referred to in this research is a ceremonial activity that belongs to Panca Yadnya. The research method is done by descriptive research method. Data were collected through observation, interview and document study. The data collected were analyzed by qualitative descriptive technique. Based on data analysis of research results and discussion, it can be concluded that the religious ceremony of Hindu Bali based on Panca Yadnya has huge potential to be a biology learning media in various topics, materials and important concepts. The great potential is supported by several advantages that are able to provide original media through direct experience, contribute to preserve the culture and local wisdom of ancestral heritage and also provide concrete actions in the practice of religious teachings.


Reactive synthesis is an automated procedure to obtain a correct-by-construction reactive system from its temporal logic specification. While the synthesized system is guaranteed to be correct w.r.t. the specification, the specification itself may be incorrect w.r.t. the engineers' intention or w.r.t. the requirements or the environment in which the system should execute in. It thus requires validation. Combinatorial coverage (CC) is a well-known coverage criterion. Its rationale and key for effectiveness is the empirical observation that in many cases, the presence of a defect depends on the interaction between a small number of features of the system at hand. In this work we propose a validation approach for a reactive system specification, based on a systematic combinatorial exploration of the behaviors of a controller that was synthesized from it. Specifically, we present an algorithm to generate and execute a small scenario suite that covers all tuples of given variable value combinations over the reachable states of the controller. We have implemented our work in the Spectra synthesis environment. We evaluated it over benchmarks from the literature using a mutation approach, specifically tailored for evaluating scenario suites of temporal specifications for reactive synthesis. The evaluation shows that for pairwise coverage, our CC algorithms are feasible and provide a 1.7 factor of improvement in mutation score compared to random scenario generation. We further report on a user study with students who have participated in a workshop class at our university and have used our tool to validate their specifications. The user study results demonstrate the potential effectiveness of our work in helping engineers detect real bugs in the specifications they write.


Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease 12 2 journals.sagepub.com/home/tab prednisolone and gradually weaning off. She remains on azathioprine 100 mg BD. Discussion: We conclude that denosumab could be an option for the management of hypercalcaemia of sarcoidosis if bisphosphonates are contraindicated. More data are required to establish safety at variable degrees of renal impairment and to identify an optimal dose for this indication. Abstract ID: 74 Case Report/case series with a learning outcome Subcategory: Case ReportID: 74 Case Report/case series with a learning outcome Subcategory: Case Report A spontaneous case of oro-antral fistula following single zoledronate administration


Should the U.S. Supreme Court overrule Quill Corporation v. North Dakota? In Quill, the Court held that, under the dormant Commerce Clause of the U.S. Constitution, the states cannot impose the obligation to collect sales taxes on out-of-state vendors which lack physical presence in the taxing state. As internet commerce has grown, Quill's physical presence test has severely hampered the states' ability to enforce their sales taxes. Much of the Supreme Court's case law suggests that, under the banner of stare decisis, the Court should not overturn Quill. This case law indicates that it is Congress's job to modify or reject the physical presence test established in Quill. Quill was decided under the dormant Commerce Clause and thus can be overturned by Congress.However, a careful assessment of the federal political process suggests a contrary conclusion, namely, that the Supreme Court itself should overturn Quill in the Court's role as guardian of the states against federal commandeering. A combination of factors underlay this conclusion: the tactical advantage which Quill bestows in the political process upon the internet and mail order industries, the importance of the states in the structure of federalism, the centrality of sales taxes to the financing of state government, the severe impediment which Quill and its physical presence test impose upon the collection of these taxes, and the unique disadvantages of the states in the federal legislative process. In our system of federalism as it exists today, the states are structurally important but politically disadvantaged. Federal legislators receive no political benefits from helping the states. This contrasts with the political support – votes and campaign contributions – private groups bestow for legislative backing. Quill effectively commandeers the states to subsidize internet commerce by not taxing it. Quill also hands great political advantage to the defenders of the status quo, the internet and mail order sales industries which effectively sell their goods sales tax-free because of Quill's physical presence test. In the federal lawmaking process, defenders of current law have the politically easier task of blocking change in a process which affords them many opportunities to obstruct change. Quill gives that advantage to the internet and mail order industries which need merely impede legislation to preserve the status quo – as they have done successfully for over two decades.Hence, in the final analysis, the Court itself should, despite the force of stare decisis, overturn Quill rather than rely on Congress to abolish the physical presence test which severely hampers the states' collection of their sales taxes in the face of the growth of internet commerce.


Abstract In this paper a series of strategic logistics concepts, like transportation axes "attractivity", substitution costs, geo-economic and emergency traffic paths, nodes and gates, are introduced and evaluated in a country case study assessing regional road networks. Based on the above mentioned, risk analyses are performed with regard to the logistics emergencies. Turkey's main road network is being accordingly examined along with the policy implications of the results provided by current political changes in this country. This study exhibits that the R.T. Erdogan's, AKP party-ruled, governments, caused not only high-level geopolitics and geo-economics repercussions but also have severe economic and logistics effects, activating incentives and infrastructure investments, especially in the so called Anatolian areas. The analysis of Turkey's internal geo-economic trends offers notable insight into the mechanism controlling in general the regional socio-economic attractiveness and efficiency. In this context the socioeconomic indicator: "Roads Network Development" on regional basis and for each year of the period 1995-2012, has then been chosen and analyzed statistically as dependent variable in relation to the election results and the consequent political changes between the so called Kemalist and political Islam regimes; the results surprisingly confirm the relevant hypotheses tested.