Participation of young people in agriculture is not only needed towards addressing food security and youth unemployment challenges, but also critical in tackling issues of ageing farmers, technological and digital revolution in the agrifood sector, changing trends in food needs and consumption demands, and environmental changes and natural resource degradation. This paper argues for inclusive approach to involving youth in the expansive agrifood system, stressing the importance of young graduates (highly educated youth) participating in the agrifood sector, hence the need for steps to attract, support and retain them in the agrifood sector. Thus, this study sought to identify the factors that influence agripreneurship, and how these factors influence agripreneurship performance of young graduate agripreneurs. The study results and agripreneurship framework, emphasizes the need for a holistic (multilevel) examination and approach to agripreneurship; gender-sensitive, integrated and applied approach towards promoting and developing agripreneurship competencies among young graduates, which must include enhancing both enterprising traits and skills, and strong technical/professional business management competencies.


The complex network of regulatory factors and interactions involved in transcriptional regulation within the seed is not well understood. To evaluate gene expression regulation in the immature seed, we utilized a genetical genomics approach on a soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] recombinant inbred line (RIL) population and produced a genome-wide expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) dataset. The validity of the dataset was confirmed by mapping the eQTL hotspot for flavonoid biosynthesis-related genes to a region containing repeats of chalcone synthase (CHS) genes known to correspond to the soybean inhibitor locus that regulates seed color. We then identified eQTL for genes with seed-specific expression and discovered striking eQTL hotspots at distinct genomic intervals on chromosomes (Chr) 20, 7, and 13. The main eQTL hotspot for transcriptional regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis genes also coincided with regulation of oleosin genes. Transcriptional upregulation of genesets from eQTL with opposite allelic effects were also found. Gene-eQTL networks were constructed and candidate regulatory genes were identified from these three key loci specific to seed expression and enriched in genes involved in seed oil accumulation. Our data provides new insight into the complex nature of gene networks in the immature soybean seed and the genetic architecture that contributes to seed development. further investigation of molecular mechanisms. Previous studies have shown the utility of combined eQTL and QTL mapping to gain insight into regulatory pathways involved


Vertical-axis wind turbines have been confined to small-scale generation in urban environments where their omnidirectional capability offers them an advantage over the more ubiquitous horizontal-axis wind turbine. With a drive towards renewable energy, more opportunities exist for the implementation of wind turbines in a multitude of environments. Based on its inherent operational drawbacks, the vertical-axis wind turbine has not undergone extensive investigation. Recently, there has been a resurgence of interest in the technology. This article addresses the torque ripple, a variation in torque produced by the turbine, present during operation. The variation in torque generated by a vertical-axis wind turbine increases the likelihood of failure due to fatigue. Current treatment is symptomatic and addresses the result of the torque fluctuation and not the cause. A novel blade design, capable of altering the lift and drag response through shape alteration, is presented as a solution. The blade design and operation is achieved through genetic algorithm optimization and computational fluid dynamic simulations. Comparisons with previous work show the novel blade presented here surpasses the reduction seen with pitching solutions. A 25% reduction in torque ripple was demonstrated for a 17% reduction in performance coefficient using the surface distortion approach. This surpasses the foil pitching approach which achieved a 15% torque ripple reduction for the same loss in performance coefficient.


A fuzzy-controlled active state-of-charge controller (FC-ASCC) for improving the charging behavior of a lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery is proposed. The proposed FC-ASCC is designed to replace the general constant-voltage charging mode by two kinds of modes: sense and charge. A fuzzy-controlled algorithm is built with the predicted charger performance to program the charging trajectory faster and to keep the charge operation in a proposed safe-charge area (SCA). A modeling work is conducted for analyzing and describing the Li-ion battery in charging process. A three-dimensional Y-mesh diagram for describing the charging trajectories of the proposed FC charger is simulated. A prototype of a Li-ion battery charger with FC-ASCC is simulated and realized to assess the predicted charging performance. Experiment shows that the charging speed of the proposed FC charger compared with the general one increases about 23% and the charger can safely work in the SCA.


Phosphorus is a finite resource essential for global food production. However, excessive loss to river systems from diffuse sources (typically agricultural) and point sources (e.g. waste water treatment works and industrial effluent) can lead to negative environmental impacts, including changes to diatom and invertebrate community structure. Current environmental quality standards for phosphorus in the UK have been based on reactive phosphorus, which is poorly defined and comprises an unknown proportion of soluble reactive phosphorus and chemically extractable particulate phosphorus. This research assesses the influencing factors that may control soluble reactive phosphorus concentrations in rivers, including dissolved iron, as well as partitioning processes associated with the presence of total suspended solids, and questions the reliability of the assumptions used when setting environmental quality standards. The extensive phosphorus speciation monitoring carried out across a wide geographic area of England and Wales shows that not all phosphorus as measured by the molybdenum blue method is either soluble or necessarily bioavailable, particularly at concentrations in the range in which the Environmental Quality Standard for 'Good' status (typically less than 100 μg P L-1) has been set. Phosphorus speciation can change due to physico-chemical processes which vary spatially and/or temporally, including precipitation with iron and partitioning with suspended solids.


Mobility analysis, or understanding and modeling of people's mobility patterns in terms of when, where, and how people move from one place to another, is fundamentally important as such information is the basis for large-scale investment decisions on the nation's multi-modal transportation infrastructure. Recent rise of using passively generated mobile data from mobile devices have raised questions on using such data for capturing the mobility patterns of a population because: 1) there is a great variety of different kinds of mobile data and their respective properties are unknown; and 2) data pre-processing and analysis methods are often not explicitly reported. The high stakes involved with mobility analysis and issues associated with the passively generated mobile data call for mobility analysis (including data, methods and results) to be accessible to all, interoperable across different computing systems, reproducible and reusable by others. In this study, a container system named Mobility Analysis Workflow (MAW) that integrates data, methods and results, is developed. Built upon the containerization technology, MAW allows its users to easily create, configure, modify, execute and share their methods and results in the form of Docker containers. Tools for operationalizing MAW are also developed and made publicly available on GitHub. One use case of MAW is the comparative analysis for the impacts of different pre-processing and mobility analysis methods on inferred mobility patterns. This study finds that different pre-processing and analysis methods do have impacts on the resulting mobility patterns. The creation of MAW and a better understanding of the relationship between data, methods and resulting mobility patterns as facilitated by MAW represent an important first step toward promoting reproducibility and reusability in mobility analysis with passively-generated data.


Neonates with premature rupture of the membrane and oligohydramnios have an increased risk of acute respiratory morbidity. The aims of this study are to investigate the effects of experimental oligohydramnios on transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expressions and collagen level in fetal rat lungs. On day 16 of gestation, we anesthetized timed pregnant Sprague-Dawley dams, punctured the uterine wall and fetal membranes of each amniotic sac which resulted in oligohydramnios. Fetuses in the opposite uterine horn served as controls. On days 19 and 21 of gestation, fetuses were delivered by cesarean section. Rats exposed to oligohydramnios exhibited significantly lower lung weight/body weight ratios on days 19 and 21 of gestation than did the control rats. Lung type I collagen and TGF-β1 mRNA expressions and lung collagen levels were significantly decreased in rats exposed to oligohydramnios on days 19 and 21 of gestation. Type I collagen and inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) proteins were decreased and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) was increased in oligohydramnios-exposed rats on days 19 and 21 of gestation. CTGF mRNA expressions were comparable between control and oligohydramnios-exposed rats on days 19 and 21 of gestation. These data suggest that downregulation of collagen might be involved in the pathogenesis of oligohydramnios-induced respiratory morbidity.


This paper presents the effect of varying operating conditions on pollutants emission (carbon monoxide [CO], unburned hydrocarbon [UHC], and Soot) from constant pressure burner. In this research a liquid fuel used are gas oil and kerosene .The operating conditions which taken in account are atomization pressure, inlet air temperature, equivalence ratio, as well as type of fuel. It is found that the Carbon monoxide and Unburned hydrocarbon are inversely proportional to inlet air temperature with maximum decrease of (95%, 43%) respectively. In contrast, soot is directly proportional to inlet air temperature as the maximum increase in soot emission is 170%. Carbon monoxide , Unburned hydrocarbon , and Soot are inversely proportional to Atomization pressure as t he maximum decrease in Carbon monoxide , Unburned hydrocarbon, and soot emissions are (56.5%, 37.4%, 76%) respectively. The relation between Carbon monoxide, Unburned hydrocarbon, and soot with equivalence ratio is directly proportional as maximum increase in Carbon monoxide, and Unburned hydrocarbon emissions are (130%, 81 %,) respectively, while soot emissions is 190 %. Emissions from a constant pressure burner depend on the physical and chemical properties of fuel used, such as (viscosity, surface tension, volatility, the ratio of hydrogen atoms number to carbon atoms number (H/C), and lower heating value). it is found that the maximum increase in Carbon monoxide, Unburned hydrocarbon, soot emissions from gas oil are generally higher than those from kerosene fuel by (72%,17.5%,38%) respectively`. Key word: Pollution, Emissions, Continuous Combustion Chamber.


Despite almost 100 years of research, the fundamentals of fire spalling of concrete are not yet fully understood. Many different theories exist, each trying to describe the coupling between different phenomenon leading to fire spalling. Some of these phenomenon have been investigated and are presented in this thesis. The thermal properties at high temperature have been investigated using the Transient Plane Source (TPS) technique. Measurements of temperature in the cross-section of selfcompacting concrete with the addition of polypropylene fibres (PP-fibres) during fire exposure are presented. A verification calculation, based on the measured values of temperature in the cross-section of the fire exposed concrete, was compared with results from a full-scale fire test with the same concrete. Good correlation was obtained. Using a measurement system consisting of oil filled steel pipes, the pressure inside the concrete during fire exposure, was measured. Results from pressure measurement tests on self compacting concrete show relatively low internal pressure before spalling. In fact, the pressure was highest in a specimen that did not spall during fire exposure. Conclusions from the tests were that pore pressure only played a secondary role in the spalling process of the concrete investigated. Thermal stresses were believed to be the primary reason for spalling. With a small addition of polypropylene fibres (PP) in concrete the fire spalling can be limited or totally avoided. Comparative studies of concrete with and without PP- fibres were performed, and the function of PP-fibres was illustrated in small and large scale fire tests. When determining the free thermal expansion as a function of temperature a strain plateau was found in specimens containing PP-fibres. The plateau corresponds fairly well with the temperature where accelerated drying behaviour was shown. This is an indication that an accelerated drying creep phenomenon might be present. Further experimental work is needed to verify this postulate. (Less)


The bone marrow is a complex microenvironment made up of multiple cell types which appears to play an important role in the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal and proliferation. We used murine long-term marrow cultures and a defective recombinant retrovirus vector containing the simian virus 40 large T antigen to immortalize marrow stromal cells which can support hematopoiesis in vitro for up to 5 weeks. Such cloned cell lines differentially supported stem cells which, when transplanted, allowed survival of lethally irradiated mice, formed hematopoietic spleen colonies in vivo, and stimulated lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. Molecular and functional analyses of these cell lines did not demonstrate the production of any growth factors known to support the proliferation of primitive hematopoietic stem cells. All cell lines examined produced macrophage colony-stimulating factor. The use of immortalizing retrovirus vectors may allow determination of unique cellular proteins important in hematopoietic stem cell proliferation by the systematic comparison of stromal cells derived from a variety of murine tissues.


An automatic system aimed at producing a compact tridimensional description of indoor environments using a mobile 3D laser scanner is described in this paper. The resulting description is made up of a Multi-Level Map (ML map) and a series of planar patches extracted from the map. We propose a novel plane detection algorithm, based on the efficient RANSAC algorithm, that operates directly over the data structures of an ML map and does not need to rely on the low level laser data cloud. The mobile 3D scanner is built from a Hokuyo laser range sensor attached to a 2DOF pan-tilt, which is installed on top of a 3DX Pioneer mobile robot. The 3D spatial information acquired by the laser sensor from different poses is used to build a large single map of the environment using the SLAM 6D library. Experimental results demonstrate that the system described is capable of efficiently building compact and accurate 3D representations of complex large indoor environments at multiple semantic levels.


We report here a facile method to obtain folic acid (FA)-protected gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) by heating an aqueous solution of HAuCl(4)/FA in which FA acts as both the reducing and stabilizing agent. The successful formation of FA-protected Au NPs is demonstrated by UV/Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected-area electron diffraction (SAED), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The intracellular uptake of these nanoparticles is facilitated by HeLa cells overexpressing the folate reporter, which itself is significantly inhibited by free FA in a competitive assay as quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). This simple one-step approach affords a new perspective for creating functional nanomaterials, and the resulting biocompatible, functional Au NPs may find some prospective applications in various biomedical fields.


The complications in anisotropic multi-parameter inversion lie in the trade-off between the different anisotropy parameters. We compute the tomographic waveform sensitivity kernels for a VTI acoustic medium perturbation as a tool to investigate this ambiguity between the different parameters. We use dynamic ray tracing to efficiently handle the expensive computational cost for 3-D anisotropic models. Ray tracing provides also the ray direction information necessary for conditioning the sensitivity kernels to handle anisotropy. The NMO velocity and η parameter kernels showed a maximum sensitivity for diving waves which results in a relevant choice of those parameters in wave equation tomography. The δ parameter kernel showed zero sensitivity; therefore it can serve as a secondary parameter to fit the amplitude in the acoustic anisotropic inversion. Considering the limited penetration depth of diving waves, migration velocity analysis based kernels are introduced to fix the depth ambiguity with reflections and compute sensitivity maps in the deeper parts of the model.


Abstract—Cloud computing is an Internet-based computing pattern through which shared resources are provided to devices on-demand. It is an emerging but promising paradigm to integrating mobile devices into cloud computing, and the integration performs in the cloud based hierarchical multi-user data-shared environment. With integrating into cloud computing, security issues such as data confidentiality and user authority may arise in the mobile cloud computing system, and it is concerned as the main constraints to the developments of mobile cloud computing. In order to provide safe and secure operation, a hierarchical access control method using modified hierarchical attribute-based encryption (M-HABE) and a modified three-layer structure is proposed in this paper. In a specific mobile cloud computing model, enormous data which may be from all kinds of mobile devices, such as smart phones, functioned phones and PDAs and so on can be controlled and monitored by the system, and the data can be sensitive to unauthorized third party and constraint to legal users as well. The novel scheme mainly focuses on the data processing, storing and accessing, which is designed to ensure the users with legal authorities to get corresponding classified data and to restrict illegal users and unauthorized legal users get access to the data, which makes it extremely suitable for the mobile cloud computing paradigms.


This study examined individual differences in children's regulation of emotional expression after re- ceiving desirable and undesirable gifts. Effortful control, the ability to suppress a dominant response in favor of a subdominant one, was measured using a battery of be- havioral tasks. Reactions to the gifts were videotaped, and emotional expression was coded. Age predicted effortful control, but not emotional displays. Effortful control predicted similarity of children's displays of positive affect after receiving the two gifts. Specifically, children high in effortful control showed similar amounts of posi- tive affect after receiving the desirable and undesirable gifts, whereas children low in effortful control showed less positive affect after receiving the undesirable gift than after receiving the desirable gift. Results are discussed in terms of temperament and the development of socially appropriate expressive behavior.


The Inzie Head gneisses of the NE Dalradian are syntectonic metapelitic migmatites containing numerous sill-like bodies of granite. Leucosomes preserve evidence for efficient deformation-controlled segregation and interconnection of melt, from intergranular pockets to sheets of leucogranite hundreds of metres thick. Although the physico-chemical system is complex, the geochemistry of in situ decimetre-scale leucosomes and discrete metre- to decametre-scale leucogranite sheets within the migmatites suggests derivation from a common metapelitic source. A comparison with spatially and temporally related Grampian Granite plutons and garnet-bearing aplites that occur at shallower crustal levels supports a genetic granite–migmatite link. The compositions of the granitic rocks are interpreted to be linked via fractional crystallization of a parental magma and escape of the fugitive melt from a cumulate residue. Leucogranite sheets within the migmatites have compositions that are similar to experimentally determined first-formed melts at the appropriate P–T conditions, and are interpreted to approximate parental liquids. Smaller-scale leucosomes contain the accumulated products of fractional crystallization and variable quantities of entrained solids, principally biotite. The Grampian Granites and aplites represent evolved liquids that segregated from source. The evolution of Grampian Granite melts involved varying degrees of K-feldspar-dominated fractional crystallization that is consistent with magma ascent; removal of a maximum of 15–20% cumulate material is implied. The composition of the aplites suggests a multistage evolution that involved plagioclase-dominated fractionation of a fugitive melt batch.


A fundamental question for companies with large amount of logged data is: How to use such logged data together with incoming streaming data to make good decisions? Many companies currently make decisions via online A/B tests, but wrong decisions during testing hurt users' experiences and cause irreversible damage. A typical alternative is offline causal inference, which analyzes logged data alone to make decisions. However, these decisions are not adaptive to the new incoming data, and so a wrong decision will continuously hurt users' experiences. To overcome the aforementioned limitations, we propose a framework to unify offline causal inference algorithms (e.g., weighting, matching) and online learning algorithms (e.g., UCB, LinUCB). We propose novel algorithms and derive bounds on the decision accuracy via the notion of "regret". We derive the first upper regret bound for forest-based online bandit algorithms. Experiments on two real datasets show that our algorithms outperform other algorithms that use only logged data or online feedbacks, or algorithms that do not use the data properly.


Traffic safety is an important part of the roadway in sustainable development. Freeway traffic crashes typically cause serious casualties and property losses, being a serious threat to public safety. Figuring out the potential correlation between various risk factors and revealing their coupling mechanisms are of effective ways to explore and identity freeway crash causes. However, the existing association rule mining algorithms still have some limitations in both efficiency and accuracy. Based on this consideration, using the freeway traffic crash data obtained from WDOT (Washington Department of Transportation), this research constructed a multi-dimensional multilevel system for traffic crash analysis. Considering the load balancing, the FP-Growth (Frequent Pattern- Growth) algorithm was optimized parallelly based on Hadoop platform, to achieve an efficient and accurate association rule mining calculation for massive amounts of traffic crash data; then, according to the results of the coupling mechanism among the crash precursors, the causes of freeway traffic crashes were identified and revealed. The results show that the parallel FPgrowth algorithm with load balancing constraints has a better operating speed than both the conventional FP-growth algorithm and parallel FP-growth algorithm towards processing big data. This improved algorithm makes full use of Hadoop cluster resources and is more suitable for large traffic crash data sets mining while retaining the original advantages of conventional association rule mining algorithm. In addition, the mining association rules model with the improvement of multi-dimensional interaction proposed in this research can catch the occurrence mechanism of freeway traffic crash with serious consequences (lower support degree probably) accurately and efficiently.


A bstrAct Aim: To review the updated literature to find out the biochemical and hematological changes that occur in the SARS CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection that is causing the ongoing global pandemic. Background: The outbreak of COVID-19 infection began in December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei province, and within a few months, by March 2019, it had taken the shape of a pandemic. Six months down the road, knowledge about the pathogenesis of this infection has grown rapidly. Although it is predominantly a respiratory infection, COVID-19 is now known to affect almost every organ of the body. The unpredictable clinical course has been attributed to multiple biochemical and hematological changes that are caused by the COVID-19 virus. Review results: An in-depth analysis of recently published data has highlighted that various biochemical and hematological alterations can be attributed to COVID-19 infection. These include hypoalbuminemia, reduced number of lymphocytes, elevated levels of aspartate transaminase (AST), homocysteine, and biomarkers such as ferritin. Other parameters such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6, Procalcitonin (PCT), D-Dimer, neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and angiotensin II correlate with the extent of viral load and predicted the course of the disease. Conclusion: Knowledge about the alteration biochemical and hematological markers in the COVID-19 infection is helpful in the estimation of the extent of viral load and in the prediction of the clinical course of the infection. Clinical significance: Monitoring the biochemical and hematological biomarkers, especially, CRP, ferritin, LDH, D-Dimer, and NLR, is useful for triaging patients infected with COVID-19 early in the course of disease and thus may prevent disease progression by the institution of early interventions.


ABSTRACT An ethnographic study examined and compared schooled and non-schooled uses of literacy and literature in a small, rural, all white, Adirondack Mountain community in upstate New York to explicate the way in which low social class and economic status constrain school achievement. More than 75 interviews were conducted over a 3-year period with students, teachers, school administrators, former students, parents, community members, and local employers. Observations were also conducted at graduations, holiday celebrations, faculty meetings, and the non-school classroom of hunters' safety training and snowmobile safety training. Results indicated that most of the families in the town are literate and are often involved with literacy during the course of their daily lives. Literacy is seen to exist within a social and cultural context, and its definitions are varied and changeable. People in the town understand what is required for academic achievement, but often choose not to pursue it. In both school and non-school settings, literacy is used for particular purposes, and there are specific demands placed by the community upon its members regarding specific texts. Although the school is arguably the best school in its section of the Adirondacks, family and peer influences, along with community norms, orchestrate a disengagement from schoolwork and from the pursuit of academic achievement as an avenue of social and economic mobility. (Contains 30 references. Appendixes present a chart representing student involvement in an "Animal Farm" unit, an Adirondack version of "The Marvelous Hunt," and 3 "amusement" texts.)


There's a systemic exoteric analysis and experiment study about the distribution of Ultra-speed grinding airflow field and influence factors in this paper and lots of experiments has been done in different conditions by the method of PIV (particle image velocity). A great deal of data has been gathered and the method dealing with it by using the software such as FlowMap, Tecplot and Matlab has been brought forward. Experiment and measure have been done under different conditions and lots of experiment data and results have been obtained. Many kinds of general rules influenced by factors on Ultra-speed grinding airflow field by the analysis of the experiment results, for the purpose of supporting the base of study for the effective supply of cooling and lubrication liquid.


The objective of the present work is to study the effectiveness of the application of scCO2 as the processing medium to tune the fracture behavior of polypropylene/poly(ethylene-co-octene) (PP/POE) blends. Three types of POE were selected to blend with PP to test the feasibility of this approach. A tandem extrusion system was employed for the thermal blending of PP/POE blends, and an integrated slit die rheometer was used to measure the viscosity of pure PP and POE without or with scCO2 for viscosity ratio calculation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was applied to investigate the phase dispersion and also the fractured morphologies after impact tests. The notched Izod impact tests were carried out at different temperatures to confirm the effectiveness of application of scCO2 on the alteration of the fracture behavior of PP/POE blends. It was found that PP has a higher affinity for scCO2 than POE does, and that consequently, for POE originally with a lower apparent viscosity than PP, the phase dispersion of the PP/POE blends was improved upon injection of scCO2, and thus the fracture behavior alteration from brittle to tough was observed at suitable temperatures. In comparison, for POE originally with a higher apparent viscosity than PP, the phase domains of the PP/POE blends were increased in size upon injection of scCO2, and resultantly, the fracture mode transition from tough to brittle was observed at suitable temperatures. Hence, this study confirmed the effectiveness of application of scCO2 to tune the fracture behavior of PP/POE blends, which is of great significance from both fundamental and industrial perspectives.


Executive Summary This report describes the conceptual design and detailed architecture of an experimental platform developed to support investigations of novel decision and collaboration technologies for complex, time-critical mission control operations, such as military command and control and emergency response. In particular, the experimental platform is designed to enable exploration of novel interface and interaction mechanisms to support both human-human collaboration and human-machine collaboration for mission control operations involving teams of human operators engaged in supervisory control of intelligent systems, such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Further, the experimental platform is designed to enable both co-located and distributed collaboration among operations team members, as well as between team members and relevant mission stakeholders. To enable initial investigations of new information visualization, data fusion, and data sharing methods, the experimental platform provides a synthetic task environment for a representative collaborative time-critical mission control task scenario. This task scenario involves a UAV operations team engaged in intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) activities. In the experimental task scenario, the UAV team consists of one mission commander and three operators controlling multiple, homogeneous, semi-autonomous UAVs. In order to complete its assigned missions, the UAV team must coordinate with a ground convoy, an external strike team, and a local joint surveillance and target attack radar system (JSTARS). This report details this task scenario, including the possible simulation events that can occur and the logic governing the simulation dynamics. In order to perform human-in-the-loop experimentation within the synthetic task environment, the experimental platform also consists of a physical laboratory designed to emulate a miniature command center. The Command Center Laboratory comprises a number of large-screen displays, multi-screen operator stations, and mobile, tablet-style devices. This report details the physical configuration and hardware components of this Command Center Laboratory. Details are also provided of the software architecture used to implement the synthetic task environment and experimental interface technologies to facilitate user experiments in this laboratory. The report also summarizes the process of conducting an experiment in the experimental platform, including details of scenario design, hardware and software instrumentation, and participant training. Finally, the report suggests several improvements that could be made to the experimental platform based on insights gained from initial user experiments that have been conducted in this environment.


Abstract Due to similar routes of viral transmission, many individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are also infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Each virus can cause cognitive compromise among mono-infected individuals; evidence is accumulating that HIV/HCV co-infection may have a particularly deleterious impact on cognition. We present neuropsychological data obtained from 118 HIV+ adults with advanced HIV disease, 35 of whom were co-infected with HCV, who completed a comprehensive neurocognitive evaluation. Rates of global cognitive impairment were higher among co-infected patients than among those with HIV alone (63% vs. 43%). Within the specific domains of learning and memory, co-infected individuals were significantly more likely to be impaired than were the HIV mono-infected participants. Finally, we discuss implications of these findings and potential future directions for research in this area.


A new copper(II) complex [CuL(NCS)] with a naphthalene based Schiff base, HL = (1-(2-(diethylamino)ethylimino)ethyl)naphthalene-2-ol, has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis as well as single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The complex crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/a. The complex shows C–H⋯π interactions to form a supramolecular chain structure. The electrical conductivity of the complex has been recorded under dark and irradiated conditions and the measured I–V characteristics of the complex under dark and light conditions indicate highly non-linear rectifying behavior, thus signifying a Schottky diode nature. The material is also photosensitive as the values of the electrical parameters are enhanced after exposure to illumination of incident radiation. The optical band gap of the complex in the solid state (2.92 eV) has been determined by experimental measurements and compared with the theoretical value obtained from DFT calculations (2.99 eV).


Homopolymerization of ethene and copolymerization of ethene /1-hexene with methyl substituted zirconocene dichloride / methylaluminoxane catalysts ((MenC5H5-n)2ZrCl2 / MAO) have been performed at 80°C and 2 bar ethene pressure. The comonomer incorporation varied between 0.5 and 5.5 mol%, and the general trend is that with an increasing number of methyl substituents on the Cp ligand, there is a tendency towards a lower 1-hexene incorporation in the copolymer. For the di- and trimethyl substituted catalysts, the "split" catalysts ( Rn=1,3-Me2 and Rn=1,2,4-Me3 ) showed a higher comonomer content than the "unsplit" catalysts (Rn=1,2-Me2 and Rn=1,2,3- Me3), and even higher than Rn=Me. These observations are qualitatively in agreement with density functional calculations performed on the same system. The homopolymers contain mainly vinyl end groups except from Rn =Me5, which showed a high concentration of trans-vinylene unsaturations, probably resulting from chain end isomerization. Based on energy barriers calculated by DFT we suggest that isomerization becomes more important for this catalyst because the barrier against isomerization is lower than any of the termination barriers. For the copolymers, termination after an ethene insertion was unaffected by the presence of the comonomer, although vinylidene unsaturation was dominating. With increasing number of methyl substituents on the Cp ligand there was a decrease in the comonomer induced termination as a whole as well as in the termination probability per 1-hexene incorporated. From a mechanistic point of view, this suggests a more hindered rotation from a γ- to a β-agostic conformation and also a higher termination barrier with increased methyl substitution. For the two catalysts containing split methyl substitutions termination after 1,2 insertion of 1-hexene was more difficult than with Rn=1,2- Me2 and Rn=1,2,3-Me3.Homopolymerization of ethene was performed with different monoalkyl substituted zirconocenes, (RC5H4)2ZrCl2/MAO (R= CnH2n+1, n= 0-5,8,12), and the monoalkylated Cp ligands show a slight increase in trans-vinylene unsaturation with increasing length of the alkyl group, with a particularly high value for R = n -propyl. It was also found that an increase in the alkyl length from R = H to R = n -propyl shifts the distribution from vinyl towards trans- vinylene. Based on density functional theory, we propose that an agostic interaction between the metal and the alkyl substituent on the Cp ligand may be important when the alkyl is ethyl or longer. This additional agostic interaction is strongest for n -propyl as alkyl substituent, with the cation in a β-agostic metal growing chain conformation.Copolymerization of ethene and 1-hexene was performed with three different tetramethyldisilylene-bridged zirconocene catalysts. This resulted in substantial comonomer incorporation for the 2-Indenyl and 2-H4-Indenyl ligands, whereas the tetramethyl-cyclopentadienyl ligand produced a polymer with low 1-hexene content. All three catalysts showed a high amount of trans-vinylene unsaturation in the ethene homopolymers, suggesting a high degree of chainend isomerization. There was a high relative amount of vinylidene in all the copolymers, indicating frequent chain termination after 1-hexene insertion. An attempt was made to qualitatively correlate the catalyst structure derived from density functional calculations with the experimental observations. The analysis showed that, in contrast to the simple Rn-Cp substituted zirconocenes, the Cp- Cp opening angle between the 5-rings of the ligand system correlates well with the observed comonomer incorporation, i.e., a larger opening angle allows for easier incorporation of the comonomer.Homopolymerization of 1-hexene was performed in a heat balance reaction calorimeter with different substituted cyclopentadienyl zirconium dichlorides. For the methyl substituted catalytic systems (RnC5H5-n)2ZrCl2/MAO the activity was in the order: Rn = Me > H > 1,2,4-Me3 ≅ 1,3-Me2 ≅ 1,2-Me2 > Me4 > Me5 ≅ 1,2,3-Me3. For these catalysts the observed trend correlates reasonably well with the comonomer incorporation in ethene/1-hexene copolymerizations. With the alkyl substituted catalysts the general trend was that the activity is decreasing with increasing length of the alkyl substituent, although the highest activity was obtained with Rn = Me.


In this paper, I read Myriam Ben's Leila, poeme scenique en deux actes et un prologue as a reinterpretation of Sophocles' Antigone. I contend that this blend of Algerian theatre, history and Greek tragedy yields a variety of 'minor theatre' that sets out to undermine established dramaturgical structures and prevailing historical narratives about the Algerian Revolution (1954-1962). Working in the outline of a canonical work, the playwright decentres the classic tragedy by way of a thought-provoking technical adaptation while, at the same time, refuting the fictions shrouding the events of the liberation struggle, the Front de Liberation Nationale (FLN) and, especially, the military overthrow of President Ahmed Ben Bella by his Defence Minister Houari Boumediene in 1965. Despite the specificity of its context, however, the allegorical nature of the play allows for a sense of universality. While its milieu is undoubtedly post-revolution Algeria, the story it communicates might take place in any country past or present –dictatorships not being limited to North Africa.


The purpose of this paper is to analyze the concept of tourist holiday satisfaction. Various definitions of satisfaction are presented. Reference is made to interpersonal tourist-host interaction. The cultural influences on tourist-host interaction difficulties are discussed. The paper argues that it is a necessity to analyze cultural differences between international tourists and hosts of the visited destination. The cultural differences between Thai tourists and Australian hosts were summarized in six dimensions by a principal components analysis. These were: Courtesy, Idealism, Understanding the Tourist, Display of Feelings, Greetings, and Satisfaction. These dimensions were interpreted and the key cultural differences between Thai tourists and Australian hosts, which could influence the Thai tourist satisfaction, presented. The paper concludes that utilizing cultural differences is an important requirement in the tourism industry to develop appropriate marketing strategies. Keywords: cultural differences, Thai tourists, Australian hosts.


In an experiment, the authors tried to find out how professional readers deal with unnatural narrators (such as a
 narrating parrot and a speaking coin). The hypotheses and research questions were mostly derived from Jan Alber's proposed reading
 strategies and operationalized to be measured with the help of a close-ended questionnaire. Thirty-two students of English from
 RWTH Aachen University took part in the study and were presented with four text passages that featured two natural and two
 unnatural first-person narrators. These excerpts represented a gliding scale of defamiliarization or estrangement in the sense of
 Shklovsky that ranges from (1) a realist backpacking tourist in India to (2) a narrator who suffers from hallucinations (both
 natural), and from there to (3) a narrating parrot and, finally, (4) a speaking coin (both unnatural).
 The results indicate that the participants perceived the narratives that featured unnatural narrators as being
 more estranging than the ones that contained natural narrators, and that unnaturalness was regarded as an indicator of
 fictionality. Furthermore, it was easier for the participants to emotionally engage with the natural (compared to the unnatural)
 narrators. The study also shows that blending was used as a strategy to make sense of the unnatural narrators, and that the
 participants thought that fictional worlds were relevant for their own world experiences – regardless of whether the narrators
 were unnatural or not. Furthermore, most of the participants were reminded of familiar genres (fantasy stories or fairy tales)
 when they dealt with the unnatural narrators.


Accurate neurotransmission between motor nerve and muscle fibres at the vertebrate cholinergic neuromuscular junction (NMJ) depends on the differentiation of highly specialised structures both pre- and postsynaptically. The accumulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) and voltage-gated sodium channels represents the hallmark of postsynaptic membrane differentiation. Several synaptic organising proteins are required for the aggregation of postsynaptic AChRs. The muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK) provides a structural scaffold necessary to initiate aggregates of postsynaptic molecules. Agrin – a nerve-derived extracellular matrix glycoprotein – is required for AChR clustering probably by activating MuSK activity. Rapsyn – the AChR-associated peripheral protein acting downstream of agrin–MuSK signalling – is essential for AChR clustering. These proteins, together with a wealth of other components of the synapse, cooperate in multiple ways to play both structural and signalling roles in synaptic differentiation. Synaptopathies of the NMJ result from mutations in several key players of synaptic differentiation.

Key Concepts:

Efficient communication between neurons or between neurons and their targets requires the enrichment of synaptic proteins, in particular, ligand-gated ion channels at postsynaptic sites.

The NMJ represents a particularly striking example of accumulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the postsynaptic membrane and is an ideal model to study receptor clustering.

Formation and maintenance of the postsynaptic membrane is a complex mechanism involving synaptic organising molecules derived both from nerve and muscle.

The muscle tyrosine kinase, MuSK, is the master organiser of the NMJ capable to initiate clustering of postsynaptic components, even in the absence of neuronal cues.

Mutations in several components of the postsynaptic membrane (not only in AChR subunits genes but also in agrin, ColQ, DOK-7, laminin, MuSK, rapsyn, etc.) result in severe dysfunction of the NMJ: the congenital myasthenic syndromes.

Keywords:

acetylcholinesterase;
agrin;
congenital myasthenic syndromes;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor;
voltage-sensitive sodium channel;
rapsyn;
synapse


NHE8, the newest member of the sodium/hydrogen exchanger family, is expressed in the epithelial cells of the intestine and the kidney. Intestinal expression of NHE8 is significantly higher than that of NHE2 and NHE3 at a young age, suggesting that NHE8 is an important player for intestinal sodium absorption during early development. The current study was designed to explore if NHE8 plays a compensatory role for the loss of NHE2 and NHE3 function in NHE2X3 double-knockout (NHE2X3 DKO) mice. We further explored the regulatory mechanism(s) responsible for the change in NHE8 expression in NHE2X3 DKO mice. We found that >95% of NHE2X3 DKO mice survived through weanling. However, only 60% of male NHE2X3 DKO mice and 88% of female NHE2X3 DKO mice survived to 6 wk of life. We also found that the expression of NHE8 in wild-type female mice was higher compared with wild-type male mice after puberty. In NHE2X3 KDO mice, NHE8 expression was increased in females but not in males. Using Caco-2 cells as a model of the small intestine, we showed that testosterone inhibited endogenous NHE8 expression by reducing NHE8 mRNA synthesis, whereas estrogen had no effect on NHE8 expression. Thus our data show for the first time that intestinal NHE8 has a compensatory role in NHE2X3 DKO mice and this regulation is gender-dependent.


Mecklenburg-Westpommerania is among the new Federal States in Germany with the most problems. Unemployment is chronically high, the economic dynamics very weak, and many people are no happier now than they were before the transition. One of the main aims of this study was to find out why things are not going as well in this region as elsewhere and how this outcome has been influenced by the development of the area prior to the transition. The first part discribes developments in the GDR and the Eastblock, and its influence on the Northern part of the GDR. The GDR expanded the preexisting industrial base in the south and transformed it in accordance with the Soviet tradition into an area with large-scale heavy industry. As the other parts of the GDR had numerous firms of secondary importance, we may call this a developing region. This terminology also applied to the Rostock region. The rest of the research area remained in its peripheral position.

The second part begins with the revolution and the re-unification. The introduction of Economic, Monetary, and Social Union on 1 July 1990 dealt a mortal blow to the economy of the GDR. The rapid introduction of the D-mark at parity, an unrealistic rate of exchange, made the majority of the companies unprofitable at one fell swoop. The destruction of capital was enormous, due to the course of reform and the way public corporations were privatized. The destruction affected not only physical capital (the manufacturing plant) but also social capital: large segments of the East-German workforce were made redundant. Many West Germans had an inaccurate image of the knowledge base, professional skills, motivation, and capacity to improvise of many East Germans.

One of the main problems of the East-German economy is the gap between productivity and wages. Though reunification was rapid, it did not prevent a massive migration (of about a million East Germans) to West Germany. The migrants were mainly young people with initiative. It is an ominous sign that migration to West Germany picked up again after 1998.
The differences between the western and eastern parts of Mecklenburg-Westpommerania have become quite large. Basically, the regional policy pursued by the State government comes down to the spatial distribution of subsidy flows, and there is too little room for differentiation within that policy. There are considerable problems in the rural interior of Mecklenburg-Westpommerania due to the massive out-migration of young people.

In order to get East Germany off the ground, simply introducing a market economy and a new institutional environment was not enough. Insufficient attention was given to the specific conditions and characteristics of East Germany. It will be necessary to find a way to get the endogenous development of East Germany moving. But judging from how Germany s political scene looked at the end of 2002, things have got off track.


Indigenous peoples throughout the world have strong connections to the flowing freshwater of rivers. For instance, Maori - the Indigenous peoples of Aotearoa New Zealand - view many rivers as tupuna (ancestors) and invoke the name of a river to assert their identity. There is a deep belief that humans and water are intertwined as is encapsulated in common tribal sayings such as 'I am the river and the river is me' and 'the river belongs to us just as we belong to the river.' Indigenous peoples, including Maori, wish to achieve particular cultural aspirations in regard to the management of water as a consequence of these relationships. While many state and federal governments throughout the world are increasingly willing to engage with their respective Indigenous Peoples in developing aspirations for comanagement, we argue that the English common law derived legal system continues to restrict Indigenous peoples from achieving their full aspirations. The central question we explore is whether affording rivers legal personality would be a useful tool for governments to employ in order to seek reciprocal relationships with Indigenous peoples. The United States Law Professor Christopher Stone first explored the idea of giving legal personality to natural resources. We argue that it is timely to consider the application of this concept in the specific context of New Zealand's rivers.


Beta-rhythm parameters during cognitive set to emotional facial expression were investigate in 35 healthy adults. Formation of the set was supplemented long-time interval (8 c) between a warning and a target stimulus. Rhythmical component of EEG were revealed using wavelet functions. Maximum and mean levels of wavelet coefficient (WLC) in the beta-rhythm were analyzed. We obtained 3 groups of subjects depend on mistakes of recognition facial expression. Group with correct recognition had high WLC mean level during the experiment, WLC maxima during first second of inter-stimulus interval, large latency of WLC maxima during the stage forming and predominance level WLC maxima in the left hemisphere. Two groups of subjects with mistakes in recognition had low WLC mean, maxima and their latency during set forming. Right hemisphere (WLC maxima) dominated in these groups.


The high competitive environment has forced higher education authorities to set their strategies to improve university ranking. Citations of published papers are among the most widely used inputs to measure national and global university ranking (which accounts for 20% of QS, 30% of THE, and etc.). Therefore, from one hand, improving the citation impact of a search is one of the university manager's strategies. On the other hand, the researchers are also looking for some helpful techniques to increase their citation record. This chapter by reviewing the relevant articles covers 48 different strategies for maximizing research impact and visibility. The results show that some features of article can help predict the number of article views and citation counts. The findings presented in this chapter could be used by university authorities, authors, reviewers, and editors to maximize the impact of articles in the scientific community.


Many techniques have been devised these last ten years to add an appropriate directionality concept in decompositions of images from the specific transformations of a small set of atomic functions. Let us mention, for instance, works on directional wavelets, steerable filters, dual-tree wavelet transform, curvelets, wave atoms, ridgelet packets, etc. In general, features that are best represented are straight lines or smooth curves as those de. ning contours of objects ( e. g. in curvelets processing) or oriented textures ( e. g. wave atoms, ridgelet packets). However, real images present also a set of details less oriented and more isotropic, like corners, spots, texture components, etc. This paper develops an adaptive representation for all these image elements, ranging from highly directional ones to fully isotropic ones. This new tool can indeed be tuned relatively to these image features by decomposing them into a Littlewood-Paley frame of directional wavelets with variable angular selectivity. Within such a decomposition, 2D wavelets inherit some particularities of the biorthogonal circular multiresolution framework in their angular behavior. Our method can therefore be seen as an angular multiselectivity analysis of images. Two applications of the proposed method are given at the end of the paper, namely, in the fields of image denoising and N-term nonlinear approximation.


Social media has become very popular and mainstream, leading to an abundance of content. This wealth of content contains many interactions and conversations that can be analyzed for a variety of information. One such type of information is analyzing the roles people take in a conversation. Detecting influencers, one such role, can be useful for political campaigning, successful advertisement strategies, and detecting terrorist leaders. We explore influence in discussion forums, weblogs, and micro-blogs through the development of learned language analysis components to recognize known indicators of influence. Our components are author traits, agreement, claims, argumentation, persuasion, credibility, and certain dialog patterns. Each of these components is motivated by social science through Robert Cialdini's "Weapons of Influence" [Cialdini 2007]. We classify influencers across five online genres and analyze which features are most indicative of influencers in each genre. First, we describe a rich suite of features that were generated using each of the system components. Then, we describe our experiments and results, including using domain adaptation to exploit the data from multiple online genres.


Little is known about the intracellular changes in Escherichia coli infected with bacteriophage ∅X 174 (a tail-less phage with large capsomeres containing single-stranded DNA). Markert & Zillig (1965) found no detectable alteration in the structure of the cell wall in thin sections of lysing cells, the phage progeny being released by local ruptures in the cell envelope (cell wall/plasma membrane complex). The present communication describes a preliminary electron microscopic study of the lysis of E. coli
c 2 by phage α 3 (Bradley, 1963), which is similar to ∅X 174 but has a wider host range. The results obtained show a completely different mechanism of lysis. Phage α 3 was grown to a high titre by the confluent lysis of host cells in nine double-agar-layer plates (diameter 15 cm.), which were then extracted with nutrient broth. The resulting suspension was used to infect a broth culture of E. coli
c 2 (concentration 1 × 108 bacteria/ml.) at a multiplicity of 20 p.f.u. per bacterium.


Abstract. Flood maps are needed for emergency response, research, and planning. The Height Above Nearest Drainage (HAND) technique is a low-complexity, terrain-based approach for inundation mapping using elevation data, discharge–height relationships, and streamflow inputs. The recent operational capacities of the NOAA National Water Model (NWM) and
preprocessed HAND products from the University of Texas offer an operational framework for real-time and forecast flood guidance across the US. In this study, we evaluate the integrated National Water
Model –Height Above Nearest Drainage (NWM–HAND) flood mapping approach
using 28 remotely sensed inundation maps and 54 reach-level catchments. The
results show the NWM–HAND method tends to underpredict inundated cells in
4th-order and lower-order reaches but does better with a slight tendency to overpredict in high-order reaches. An evaluation of the roughness coefficient used in the production of synthetic rating curves suggests it is the most important parameter for correcting these errors. Persistent inaccuracies do occur when NWM streamflow predictions are substantially biased (>60 % mean absolute error between NWM and observed streamflow) and in regions of low relief. Overall, the NWM–HAND method does not accurately capture inundated cells but is quite capable of highlighting regions likely to be at risk in 4th-order streams and higher. While NWM–HAND should be used with caution when identifying flood boundaries or making decisions of whether a cell is dry or wet, its applicability as a high-level guidance tool along larger rivers is
noteworthy.


Security keys can be used as a second factor when users aim at securing their online accounts or devices in addition to passwords. In this vision paper, we made the first step to identify common issues when registering a YubiKey as second factor on Google, Facebook, Windows 10 and Ubuntu 18.04.4 accounts by a cognitive walkthrough. We found the websites to be too phone-centered and the instructions for operating systems too complex and incomplete at the same time. We therefore plan to analyze further websites to identify the most usable implementation for each step of the registration process, in order to combine those into an improved overall solution.


To provide for an efficient elevator system, a variety of diverse and sometimes conflicting constraints have to be solved. This paper focuses on using discrete event simulation as a means to model and explore elevator dispatching strategies. Arena simulation software has been used as a test-bed for model building, simulation and some experimentation. Model building using Arena building blocks are described in detail followed by four different elevator call strategies. The mains steps in the methodology are described with reference to a single elevator servicing a four floor office building. The elevator call strategies are simulated and results compared. It has been found that the data set significantly skews the results and overshadows any efficiency gains that might be possible from the different dispatching strategies. The paper concludes with the need to carefully selecting the data set as the basis for simulation comparisons and outlines future work required.


Bladder cancer is one of the deadly cancer with 16,390 deaths in 2015-16 alone and 76,960 new cases. The matter of concern is more severe with very limited options of treatment and lack of new drugs, cisplatin and doxorubicin are the only two drugs mostly used in therapy. This situation along with the epidemiological data calls for development of newer better and safer agents. Herein, we report nine novel benzothiazole derivatives based on structure based drug discovery and molecular modelling approach. Newly designed compounds were synthesised following four step reaction and were characterized for structural confirmation. These novel compounds were evaluated on the MTT assay for there in vitro efficiency using the TCP1020 cell lines. These were further analysed for their mechanism of action based on in silico studies.Two compounds of the series exhibits promising results which are in agreement with the in silico studies. It was found that the methyl group at seventh position to the nitrogen decreases the electron affinity of the series and is thus responsible for the activity in 4e. The fluorosubstituted compound 4i shows the highest activity with an IC50 of 7.8 in activity of the halogen substituted derivatives.


A new type of corrugated tube based on sine function is proposed by introducing a parameter of sine camber. The heat transfer and flow around sinusoidal corrugated tubes with different sine camber e are investigated in this paper. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was used to analysis flow state and sine camber of tube influence on the heat transfer and flow, a correlation equations of Nu (Nusselt) =f(Re) is given. At last, the theoretical comparative analysis with field synergy principle is carried out for the heat transfer and flow resistance in smooth tube and sinusoidal corrugated tube. The results show that the experiment basically tallies with the value of numerical calculation of laminar flow. In the range of 500 < Re < 1000, flow resistance coefficient has great decrease extent, while low resistance coefficient has small decrease extent of 1500 < Re < 2300. The effect of field synergy is poor in the smooth tube, which is opposite to that in sinusoidal corrugated tube, and it can improve the efficiency of around 2.7 times.


Colourimetric sensors and indicators are widely used because of their low cost and simplicity. A significant challenge associated with the design of this type of device is that the sensing mechanism must be simultaneously optimised for the sensitivity of the response and a visually perceptible colour change. Structural colour, derived from coherent scattering rather than molecular absorption, is a promising route to colourimetric sensor design because colour shifts are tied to changes in one of many physical properties of a material, rather than a specific chemical process. This Feature Article presents an overview of the development of low-cost sensors and indicators that exploit structural colour. Building upon recent advances in structurally adaptive materials design, structural colour sensors have been developed for a wide variety of previously inaccessible physical (e.g. temperature, strain, electric fields) and chemical stimuli (e.g. small organic molecules, charged species, biomacromolecules and metabolites). These devices, often exceeding the state of the art in performance, simplicity or both, have bright prospects for market impact in areas such as environmental monitoring, workplace hazard identification, threat detection, and point-of-care diagnostics. Finding the ideal balance between performance (e.g. sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility, etc.) and simplicity (e.g. colourimetric vs. spectroscopic readout) will be one of the most critical elements in the further development of structural colour sensors. This balance should be driven largely by the market demands and competing technologies.


This paper applies a resilience- and assemblage-based methodology to study the socio-ecological dynamics of human responses in the land degradation-affected Messara Valley (Crete, Greece) socio-ecological system, from 1950 to 2010. It posits that thesedynamics aredriven by changes in their effectiveness, called 'socio-ecological fit', to serve place- and time-specific goals. The socio-ecological fit expresses the degree to which the match among all the biophysical and human components of a Response Assemblage emerging in a socio-ecological system, maintains the socio-ecological resilience of this Assemblage. The socio-ecological resilience results is gauged by synthesizing three system-level properties (Resilience, Adaptability, Transformability) shaped by lower level properties that are assessed from available data. The reported application revealed that human responses (traditional land management, agricultural modernization and subsidized agriculture) and their effectiveness were driven by prioritizing economic and technological considerations that shaped the properties, socio-ecological resilience and fit of three main Response Assemblages formed over the study period, rather than combating land degradation. Agricultural modernization did not uniformly and necessarily lead to land degradation; the situated relationships among the components of the Response Assemblages determined its effects. The fit of future options can be assessed also to support rational land use planning. Refinements in the methodology include the development of techniques to: (a) assess and synthesize the properties of different components in order to improve assessments of socio-ecological resilience and fit and (b) study relationships among the properties of Response Assemblages emerging at different levels.


Abstract Scheduling of production soundly affects its capacity especially if system does complex production jobs. In the theoretical part of the article an overview of the scheduling methods proposed in the literature was presented. In this paper it was stated a variant of job shop problem, in which jobs can overlap in some machines and omit others. Authors designed and presented here genetic algorithm to optimize solution of such a problem. The algorithm finds jobs sequence priority and in accordance with it schedules operations and calculates their completion time. An adequate problem was met in an examined plant, where 20 production jobs consisted of 11 to 20 operations assigned to at most 15 machines. Such big parameter numbers are crucial for big formal models and their solution algorithms. The designed algorithm proved to deal with parameters scale, as it found the schedule with 23,8% shorter jobs completion time in comparison with FIFO heuristic, that has been used so far by the plant.


Anthropogenic changes in tropical rainfall are evaluated in a multimodel ensemble of global warming simulations. Major discrepancies on the spatial distribution of these precipitation changes remain in the latest-generation models analyzed here. Despite this uncertainty, we find a number of measures, both global and local, on which reasonable agreement is obtained, notably for the regions of drying trend (negative precipitation anomalies). Models agree on the overall amplitude of the precipitation decreases that occur at the margins of the convective zones, with percent error bars of magnitude similar to those for the tropical warming. Similar agreement is found on a precipitation climate sensitivity defined here and on differential moisture increase inside and outside convection zones, a step in a hypothesized causal path leading to precipitation changes. A measure of local intermodel agreement on significant trends indicates consistent predictions for particular regions. Observed rainfall trends in several data sets show a significant summer drying trend in a main region of intermodel agreement: the Caribbean/Central-American region.


The theoretical and methodological approaches to forecasting political processes are considered. The relevance of forecasting knowledge for contemporary political management and designing is grounded. The methods and implements for forecasting are evaluated not only within the context of the forecast function of political science but also as a means to cognize political reality. The advantages and disadvantages of various methods and approaches are compared the constraints of political forecasting are demonstrated.


Introduction The Beginnings Canada's First Large Influx of Refugees British Immigration Transforms the Colonies Immigration in the MacDonald Era The Sifton Years Forging a New Immigration Policy Immigration Doldrums Immigration's Post-war Boom (1947-1957) Major New Initiatives A New Era in Immigration The Turbulent 1980s and Beyond Developments in the Last Decade Index.


In this article, we describe the challenges encountered in creating a digital archive for Andean textiles.1 Developed at Birkbeck, University of London, within a three-year Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC)-funded project (2009–2012) titled "Weaving Communities of Practice. Textiles, Culture and Identity in the Andes: A Semiotic and Ontological Approach," this archive goes beyond providing a mere repository for digital documents. Our focus has been to improve accessibility by enriching the data related to textiles' production (consisting of texts, images, and videos) with information describing the social, historical, and cultural contexts. This allows researchers in the area of textile studies to gain new insights that go beyond the immediate functional utility of cloth. We have also addressed practical aspects, such as providing a platform for museums to manage and showcase their collections, introducing local weaving repertoires into educational curricula, and offering regional weavers a venue to protect their cultural patrimony from piracy. At the heart of the system is a knowledge base, the core of which is an ontology mapping the knowledge of domain experts into a machine-readable format. The development of the ontology is crucial for the provision of contextual information, which on this scale is new for Andean textiles. Other important components of the system, the editors Sawu-3D and InaSawu, are tools for modeling, visualizing, and capturing the semantics of the complex patterns found in Andean textiles. While traditionally art historians have focused their analysis on the iconography of textiles, this project's emphasis on local weavers' techniques opens up new ways of understanding and classifying textiles. This system is our contribution to preserving the rich cultural heritage of Andean weaving.


Receiver design for impulse radio based ultrawideband (UWB) communication is a challenge. High sampling rate high resolution digital receiver is usually difficult to implement. Some tradeoffs can be made on the digital receiver, such as limiting amplitude resolution to only one bit, which results in a previously considered monobit receiver. In this paper, we consider the design of finite-resolution digital UWB receivers. We derive the optimal post-quantization processing, and analyze the achievable bit-error rate performance using an approximation of the log-likelihood ratio. Optimal thresholds for 4- and 3-level quantization are obtained. Training-based receiver template estimation is presented. Our work discloses the incremental gain that additional quantization levels offer and the results provide useful guidelines for designing impulse radio UWB digital receivers.


Comparative advantage based on resource endowments cannot explain United States (U.S.) leadership in biotechnology. Sources of heterogeneity within the process of research and development (R&D) investment, such as international differences in the maximum per-period rate of investment and regulatory uncertainty, offer a plausible explanation that can be incorporated into a real options approach to investment.


Node classification is an important research topic in graph learning. Graph neural networks (GNNs) have achieved state-of-the-art performance of node classification. However, existing GNNs address the problem where node samples for different classes are balanced; while for many real-world scenarios, some classes may have much fewer instances than others. Directly training a GNN classifier in this case would under-represent samples from those minority classes and result in sub-optimal performance. Therefore, it is very important to develop GNNs for imbalanced node classification. However, the work on this is rather limited. Hence, we seek to extend previous imbalanced learning techniques for i.i.d data to the imbalanced node classification task to facilitate GNN classifiers. In particular, we choose to adopt synthetic minority over-sampling algorithms, as they are found to be the most effective and stable. This task is non-trivial, as previous synthetic minority over-sampling algorithms fail to provide relation information for newly synthesized samples, which is vital for learning on graphs. Moreover, node attributes are high-dimensional. Directly over-sampling in the original input domain could generates out-of-domain samples, which may impair the accuracy of the classifier. We propose a novel framework, \method, in which an embedding space is constructed to encode the similarity among the nodes. New samples are synthesize in this space to assure genuineness. In addition, an edge generator is trained simultaneously to model the relation information, and provide it for those new samples. This framework is general and can be easily extended into different variations. The proposed framework is evaluated using three different datasets, and it outperforms all baselines with a large margin.


BACKGROUND
Cancer of the cervix is preventable. According to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program, invasive cervical cancer incidence is 9.0 and cancer mortality rate is 2.8 per 100,000 persons. Effective prevention includes appropriate use of Papanicolaou smears and adherence to a care plan by the patient. This review will examine the extent of nonadherence, negative outcomes, barriers, and interventions for improved adherence to care.

METHODS
Computer searches in MEDLINE for English language articles were conducted from 1968 to 1999 using the key words "colposcopy," "abnormal Papanicolaou smear," "patient compliance," "adherence to care," and "follow-up."

RESULTS
Although there is 10% to 40% nonadherence in the studies reviewed, the definition of nonadherence is not standard. Considerable morbidity from cervical cancer was described among nonadherent women. The most common barriers to follow-up were lack of understanding of the purpose of colposcopy, fear of cancer, forgetting appointments, and lack of time, money, or childcare. Emotional consequences of abnormal Papanicolaou smears had considerable impact on follow-up visits. Focused intervention strategies targeted to the study population were most effective in improving adherence.

CONCLUSIONS
Nonadherence results from the interplay of emotional, logistic, cultural, or socioeconomic factors. Among the most effective strategies to improve adherence are personalized reminders to patients by their primary physicians and case management dictated by the size, structure, and style of the practice.


The field of radio network planning and optimization (RNPO) is central for wireless cellular network design, deployment, and enhancement. Wireless cellular operators invest huge sums of capital on deploying, launching, and maintaining their networks in order to ensure competitive performance and high user satisfaction. This work presents a lab course composed of 10 experiments that cover the different phases of RNPO for various state-of-the-art wireless technologies such as GSM, UMTS, and WiMAX. Each experiment constitutes a complete entity including the necessary theoretical background and references, the lab tasks based on real-world scenarios, and a research component consisting of general questions. The proposed lab course represents a novel initiative to increase interactive learning by integrating communications theory fundamental knowledge with state-of-the-art wireless communications software tools and measurement equipment. The experiments are carefully designed to enhance the analytical skills and to advance the academic and practical knowledge of the students.


A review of the literature with corresponding references has been given describing the pollution caused by halogenated compounds and their toxic effects. The different methods of their degradation, photochemical reactions, their types and their applications in photochemical degradation with different routes have been discussed. A literature survey of photosensitized reactions has been given. The methodology for the study of the photochemical degradation has been discussed.


In June 2015, Caitlyn Jenner created waves of excitement with her coming out announcement on the cover of Vanity Fair: "Call me Caitlyn." From the perspective of critical trans politics, however, the heightened visibility of trans people in mainstream media does not call for unequivocal celebration. Though trans women of color, such as Laverne Cox and Janet Mock, are more visible in mainstream media than ever before, mainstream media still largely depicts trans people through white constructs of what it means to be trans, namely medicalized binary transitions. Many trans people who deviate from mainstream media's depiction of trans people are creating their own media on YouTube to voice their lived experiences. I argue that while YouTube is a particularly accessible platform for trans people to challenge transnormativity, the reach of trans YouTubers' messages are highly limited by the medium's design and genre conventions. INDEX WORDS: Internet, Medicalization, Non-binary, Social media, Transgender "I WANNA KNOW WHERE THE RULE BOOK IS": YOUTUBE AS A SITE OF COUNTERNARRATIVES TO TRANSNORMATIVITY


The distribution of CD1a antigen in gingival epithelium of clinically healthy gingiva was examined and compared with the distribution in gingival epithelium of adult periodontitis lesions. Cryostat sections were examined with monoclonal antibodies to CD1a antigen using the ABC immunoperoxidase technique. In healthy gingiva, CD1a was limited to Langerhans cells (LC) which were observed throughout the length of the external epithelium and orosulcular epithelium. The numbers of LC expressed either per unit length of orosulcular epithelium or per mm2 were similar to the numbers in external gingiva. Junctional epithelium contained few if any dendritic LC. The numbers of LC in pocket epithelium of adult periodontitis lesions were significantly lower compared with orosulcular epithelium of healthy tissue and compared with external gingiva of diseased tissue (p less than 0.005). In many sections, no LC were identified in pocket epithelium. In 5 of 8 adult periodontitis sites, CD1a was also observed in association with the membranes of suprabasal keratinocytes in external and pocket epithelium in areas where no LC were identified. These findings provide further evidence that changes in gingival epithelial cells occur in periodontal disease which are analogous to those documented in dermatological diseases and suggest that epithelium may play a role in gingival homeostasis and in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases.


The frequencies of chronic kidney disease are likely to continue to increase worldwide. So people need to take a precaution, which is by maintaining kidney health and early detection of renal impairment by analyzing the composition of the iris is known as iridology. This paper presents a novel approach using a one-dimensional discrete Hidden Markov Model (HMM) classifier and coefficients Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) as a feature for image recognition iris to indicate normal or abnormal kidney. The system has been examined on 200 iris images. The total images of the abnormal kidney condition were 100 images and those for the normal kidney condition were 100 images. The system showed a classification rate up to 100% using total of image for training and testing the system unspecified, resize iris image 56x46 pixels, coefficient values U(1,1), Σ(1,1) and Σ(2,2), quantized values [18 10 7], and classify by 7-state HMM with .pgm format database.


The success of kidney and liver transplantation is hindered by a shortage of organs available for transplantation. Although currently illegal in nearly all parts of the world, a living 'donor' or 'vendor' kidney market has been proposed as a means to reduce or even end this shortage. Physician members of the American Society of Transplantation, the American Society of Transplant Surgeons and the American Association for the Study of Liver Disease were surveyed regarding organ markets for both living kidney and living liver transplantation. The survey queried respondents about their attitudes toward directed living donation, nondirected living donation, the potential legalization of living donor organ markets and the reasons for their support or opposition to organ markets. Partial or completed surveys were returned by 346 of 697 eligible respondents (50%). While virtually all supported or strongly supported directed living donation (98% and 95% for kidney and liver lobes, respectively), the vast majority disagreed or strongly disagreed with the legalization of living donor organ markets (80% for kidneys and 90% for liver lobes). Both those who support and those who oppose a legalized living donor organ market rate risk to the donor among the most important factors to justify their position.


ABSTRACT A microbe and its host are in constant communication. An emerging platform for direct communication is the membrane contact sites that form between several pathogens and host organelles. Here, we review our progress on the molecular mechanisms underlying contact sites between host mitochondria and the human parasite Toxoplasma gondii. We discuss open questions regarding their function during infection as well as those formed between the host endoplasmic reticulum and Toxoplasma.


We analyzed more than 200 OSIRIS NAC images with a pixel scale of 0.9−2.4 m/pixel of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P) that have been acquired from onboard the Rosetta spacecraft in August and September 2014 using stereo-photogrammetric methods (SPG). We derived improved spacecraft position and pointing data for the OSIRIS images and a high-resolution shape model that consists of about 16 million facets (2 m horizontal sampling) and a typical vertical accuracy at the decimeter scale. From this model, we derive a volume for the northern hemisphere of 9.35 km3 ± 0.1 km3. With the assumption of a homogeneous density distribution and taking into account the current uncertainty of the position of the comet's center-of-mass, we extrapolated this value to an overall volume of 18.7 km3 ± 1.2 km3, and, with a current best estimate of 1.0 × 1013 kg for the mass, we derive a bulk density of 535 kg/m3 ± 35 kg/m3. Furthermore, we used SPG methods to analyze the rotational elements of 67P. The rotational period for August and September 2014 was determined to be 12.4041 ± 0.0004 h. For the orientation of the rotational axis (z-axis of the body-fixed reference frame) we derived a precession model with a half-cone angle of 0.14◦, a cone center position at 69.54◦/64.11◦ (RA/Dec J2000 equatorial coordinates), and a precession period of 10.7 days. For the definition of zero longitude (x-axis orientation), we finally selected the boulder-like Cheops feature on the big lobe of 67P and fixed its spherical coordinates to 142.35◦ right-hand-rule eastern longitude and –0.28◦ latitude. This completes the definition of the new Cheops reference frame for 67P. Finally, we defined cartographic mapping standards for common use and combined analyses of scientific results that have been obtained not only within the OSIRIS team, but also within other groups of the Rosetta mission.


A wide spread adoption of 3D videos and technologies is hindered by the lack of high-quality 3D content. One promising solution to address this problem is to use automated 2D-to-3D conversion. However, current conversion methods, while general, produce low-quality results with artifacts that are not acceptable to many viewers. We address this problem by showing how to construct a high-quality, domain-specific conversion method for soccer videos. We propose a novel, data-driven method that generates stereoscopic frames by transferring depth information from similar frames in a database of 3D stereoscopic videos. Creating a database of 3D stereoscopic videos with accurate depth is, however, very difficult. One of the key findings in this paper is showing that computer generated content in current sports computer games can be used to generate high-quality 3D video reference database for 2D-to-3D conversion methods. Once we retrieve similar 3D video frames, our technique transfers depth gradients to the target frame while respecting object boundaries. It then computes depth maps from the gradients, and generates the output stereoscopic video. We implement our method and validate it by conducting user-studies that evaluate depth perception and visual comfort of the converted 3D videos. We show that our method produces high-quality 3D videos that are almost indistinguishable from videos shot by stereo cameras. In addition, our method significantly outperforms the current state-of-the-art method. For example, up to 20% improvement in the perceived depth is achieved by our method, which translates to improving the mean opinion score from Good to Excellent.


Preliminary results from a three-dimensional, finite-element computer model of the dynamics of compressional orogens suggest that the deformation of the brittle crust is the superposition of two modes of deformation: a forced mode dictated by preexisting structures or plate-boundary geometry, and a natural mode resulting from the nonlinear elastoplastic rheology of the crust that may depend on the choice of a particular failure criterion. Natural modes of deformation exist in both the vertical (thrust planes) and horizontal (shear zones) directions, and there is a large degree of coupling between them (thrust planes accommodate vertical and horizontal shear). The obliqueness of convergence affects the geometry of thrusting; therefore, two-dimensional plane-strain models may be inappropriate to model orogens in which the direction of compression is oblique to the strike of the orogenic belt.


The magnetic properties of fcc Fe films grown on fcc Co(100) have been studied by means of spin-resolved Fe $3s$ core-level photoemission and characteristics of the measured spin-resolved $3s$ spectra for fcc Fe films have been investigated. The spin-resolved $3s$ spectra measured on 3.9 and 6.6 monolayer (ML) fcc Fe films are similar in spectral shape. The $3s$ majority-spin spectra for these fcc Fe films show weaker intensity on the high-binding-energy side than the spectrum previously reported for bulk bcc Fe. The spin-resolved $3s$ spectra for the fcc Fe films are analyzed by cluster model calculation consisting of four Fe atoms. In the analysis by the cluster model calculation, effects of the interatomic configuration interaction on the spin-resolved $3s$ spectra for fcc Fe films are discussed. Itinerancy of $3d$ electrons is found to be an important factor in describing the spin-resolved Fe $3s$ spectra. The $z$ spin momentum estimated by the cluster calculation indicates that both the Fe films are in a high-spin ferromagnetic state near the surface. On the other hand, the spin polarization at the background in the spectrum for the 6.6 ML Fe film is much smaller than that for the 3.9 ML film. This variation of the background spin polarization indicates that the magnetic moment averaged up to deeper layers of Fe film is suppressed in the 6.6 ML film.


BACKGROUND
Little is known about the total population prevalence and societal costs of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); this report reviews relevant literature on these topics.

METHOD
A literature search of computerized databases for published reports on trauma and PTSD was conducted. This literature was reviewed to find data on general population exposure to trauma, conditional risk of PTSD among those exposed to trauma both in focused samples of trauma victims and in general population samples, and the adverse consequences of PTSD.

RESULTS
PTSD was found to be a commonly occurring disorder that often has a duration of many years and is frequently associated with exposure to multiple traumas. The impairment associated with PTSD in U.S. samples, where the majority of research on these consequences has been carried out, is comparable to, or greater than, that of other seriously impairing mental disorders. Risk of suicide attempts is particularly high among people with PTSD. Available evidence suggests that the prevalence of PTSD and the adverse emotional and psychological consequences of PTSD are much greater in the many countries around the world that are in the midst of armed conflicts involving political, racial, or ethnic violence.

CONCLUSION
PTSD is a highly prevalent and impairing condition. Only a minority of people with PTSD obtain treatment. Early and aggressive outreach to treat people with PTSD could help reduce the enormous societal costs of this disorder.


It is shown that there are advantages in studying the functional behavior of the fourier transforms of Fabry-Perot interferograms in preference to that of the interferograms themselves. Several experimental interferograms and their transforms are presented, and a number of contributions to the convoluted spectra that are identifiable only in the time domain are pointed out. These include such purely instrumental broadening influences as mirror defects and the spread in the incident angle of the light, as well as the lorentzian and gaussian shapes of the spectral lines under study.


ABSTRACT The 87-kDa antigen derived from the fungal pathogen Paracoccidioides brasiliensis can be detected in the sera of infected patients, and its levels have been shown to correlate well with response to treatment and with clinical cure. Despite its potential importance, the antigen has been poorly characterized. The 87-kDa antigen was purified to homogeneity via preparative gel electrophoresis; N-terminal amino acid sequencing revealed substantial homology with heat shock proteins (hsps) from a variety of organisms. A monoclonal antibody (MAb) raised against a Histoplasma capsulatum 80-kDa hsp showed cross-reactivity to the purified 87-kDa antigen via Western blotting, and the 87-kDa-specific MAb P1B demonstrated that the antigen was expressed at higher levels in yeast than in mycelia by the same technique. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunofluorescence reactivity using P1B confirmed increased expression of the 87-kDa antigen during the temperature-induced transformation of mycelia to yeast. Yeast-to-mycelium transformation was accompanied by a fall in expression, although the 87-kDa antigen was clearly constitutively expressed in both phases. Immunochemical staining of tissues from patients with MAb P1B who were infected with P. brasiliensis confirmed in vivo expression of the 87-kDa antigen by yeasts, and identification of this antigen via this method appears to be a useful adjunct to other methods used to diagnose paracoccidioidomycosis.


A considerable fraction of atoms in nanosize particles is at the grain surface (due to the small size of the crystals). We assume that the surface atoms form a separate structural phase relative to the bulk of the grain (the core). Therefore, one set of the lattice parameters characterizing a nanocrystal may be inadequate for a unique description of its structure. An alternative evaluation of diffraction data of nanocparticles, based on the 'apparent lattice parameter' is proposed. Based on this new methodology it is shown that real nano-crystals constitiute a complex, more than a one-uniform-phase structure.


This chapter proposes the implementation of an environmental noise cancelation system using the least mean squares algorithm with noise amplitude modulation (NAMLMS). The system was implemented in a dsPIC3020F10 digital processor. The results obtained demonstrate that low- and high-frequency signals are attenuated allowing the passage of an audible range between 5 kHz and 18.9 kHz, the above using real-time processing.


Background: AACR GENIE is an international data-sharing project that aggregates clinical-grade cancer genomic data. As a demonstration of utility, we evaluated the landscape of ERBB2 mutations in the first 18,486 patients included in this registry and compared it to the first 100 patients enrolled in an ongoing international Phase 2 SUMMIT 'basket' study of the pan-HER inhibitor neratinib in ERBB2 mutant solid tumors (NCT01953926). Results: ERBB2 mutations were identified in 2.8% (519/18,486) of patients in the GENIE cohort and observed at all participating centers. In total, there were 482 missense, 66 indels, 19 truncating mutations, and 14 structural variants. A total of 263 unique missense mutations were observed including 12 at previously identified hotspots which accounted for 69.2% of all missense mutations. 35 unique cancer types were represented. The tumor types with the highest proportion of ERBB2 mutations were bladder (12.8%, 82/641), breast (3.9%, 87/2230), colorectal (3.3%, 70/2102), and NSCLC (3%, 90/3006). Among patients with copy number data available (91%) 11% had concurrent ERBB2 amplification, most often in breast cancer. The most frequently observed alterations in ERBB2, adjusted for differing exon coverage between panels, was S310F/Y in 0.46% of the GENIE cohort (12.6% of samples with ERBB2 alterations), Y772_A775dup in 0.21% (6.9%), R678Q in 0.17% (4.5%), L755S in 0.16% (5.2%), V777L in 0.12% (3.8%), and V842I in 0.09% (3.1%). The distribution of specific ERBB2 variants differed significantly by tumor type with exon 20 insertions being most common in NSCLC (44.4%, 40/90), L755S (18.9%, 11/92) in breast, S310F/Y (26.9%, 28/104) in bladder, and V842I (13.9%, 10/72) in colorectal cancer. Structural variants included intragenic deletions (n=4) and fusions involving various partners including GRB7 (n=2), and one each of C1orf87, PPIL6, HEXIM2, THRA, ASIC2, BCA3, WIPF2. The frequencies of ERBB2 mutant cancer types observed in the GENIE cohort were generally comparable to those enrolled to the neratinib basket study including NSCLC (17 vs 22%, respectively), breast (16.4 vs 24%), bladder (15.5 vs 14%), colorectal (13.2 vs 17%), and endometrial (4.2 vs 6%). At the variant level, S310F/Y was less prevalent in GENIE compared to the neratinib study (12.6 vs 24%) while all other mutations were generally similar including L755S (5.2 vs 9%), R678Q (4.5 vs 2%), Y772_A775dup (6.9 vs 13%), V777L (3.8 vs 9%), and V842I (3.1 vs 6%). Conclusion: GENIE confirms that a diversity of ERBB2 mutations are prevalent across a variety of tumor types in patients with advanced cancer. The genomic landscape of ERBB2 mutations was largely similar in the population based GENIE cohort and the neratinib SUMMIT study, providing the first direct evidence that basket study enrollment accurately reflects the true landscape of the target alteration. Citation Format: Alison Schram, Helen H. Won, Fabrice Andre, Monica Arnedos, Funda Meric - Bernstam, Philippe L. Bedard, Kenna R. Shaw, Hugo Horlings, Christine Micheel, Ben Ho Park, Grace Mann, Alshad S. Lalani, Lillian Smyth, David B. Solit, Deborah Schrag, Mia A. Levy, Barrett J. Rollins, Mark Routbort, Charles L. Sawyers, Eva Lepisto, Michael F. Berger, David M. Hyman, on behalf of the AACR Project GENIE Consortium. Landscape of somatic ERBB2 Mutations: Findings from AACR GENIE and comparison to ongoing ERBB2 mutant basket study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-103. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-LB-103


which has been of help when using right-sided tubes is to insert .i Macintosh-Leatherdale tube director through the slit for the right upper lobe bronchus from the outside so that its tip just protrudes beyond the end of the endobronchial portion of the tube, as shown in Fig. I . Holding both tube and director together gives improved control over the end of the tube enabling successful intubation.


THE glider presents a simpler problem to the performance calculator than does the engine‐driven aeroplane: a problem free from the variables that are inevitably introduced when propulsion is derived from a complicated system of engine and airscrew. Nevertheless, the process of determining the performance to be expected of any projected glider design is usually quite a lengthy one; and if, in addition, an investigation is to be made into the effects of varying all the factors concerned, with a view to finding their optimum values, the process becomes so lengthy that in practice it is sometimes neglected. Glider development then tends to proceed along what may be described as Darwinian lines, and progress becomes unnecessarily slow: the evolution of gliders to fit new operational requirements as they arise takes longer than it need.


Remote electronic voting is a promising concept. Voters are enabled to cast their votes over the Internet, from arbitrary computers. It offers convenience and does not require geographical proximity on the election day. Thus, it has the potential to allure those groups of voters that regularly abstain from general elections. However, in order to implement free and secret electronic elections, the threats of vote buying and coercion against the voters need to be addressed.In this book, a cryptographic approach that deals with these issues is investigated. Especially, a cryptographic voting protocol is described, evaluated and prototypically implemented that offers mechanisms to protect voters against coercion and thwarts vote buying.Readers of this book would include graduate students and postgraduate researchers in both academia and industry, who wish to gain a deeper knowledge of cryptographic voting protocols, its underlying theoretical concepts and its potential capabilities.