The Guadalupian Series (with Roadian, Wordian and Capitanian stages in ascending order) is very suitable for world-wide application as the Middle Permian standard. The conodont faunas of the Delaware Basin and its slope are dominated by pelagic forms represented by ribbed Mesogondolella restricted to the Middle Permian of intraplatform basins and to near-shore slopes of tropical open seas. The first appearance of the serrated Mesogondolella nankingensis (CHING) is important for the definition of the base of the Middle Permian (base of the Guadalupian Series = base of the Roadian Stage). Mesogondolella nankingensis evolved in a phylomorphogenetic cline from the unserrated M. idahoensis (YOUNGQUIST, HAWLEY & MILLER) through transition forms closely related to M. phosphoriensis (YOUNGQUIST, HAWLEY & MILLER). The appearance of serrated Mesogondolella is a very characteristic event in Permian conodont evolution, which can be traced in southwestern and western North America, Arctic Canada and in China. This event is very suitable for the world-wide correlation of the base of the Middle Permian Guadalupian Series. At the upper boundary of the Guadalupian, the serrated Mesogondolella shannoni WARDLAW changed in a phylomorphogenetic cline into the smooth Clarkina altudaensis KOZUR. This cline was also found in intraplatform basins of the eastern Tethys (China). For this reason, the top of the Guadalupian can be well correlated with the Tethyan scale, in which the Late Permian Lopingian Series is defined. The first appearance of Clarkina crofti KOZUR & LUCAS in the uppermost Lamar Limestone and in the uppermost Altuda Formation is very important as it is penecontemporaneously with the first appearance of C. altudaensis. This species is restricted to greater water depths. Two new conodont species, Hindeodus gulloides n. sp., and H. altudaensis n.sp. are described. Additionally, Clarkina crofti KOZUR & LUCAS n.sp. is described to avoid the use of nomina nuda, because the paper of KOZUR & LUCAS (in press) has not yet been printed.


If modernization means mass longevity, it raises hopes that everyone may enjoy a full span of years. It also brings the fear that many will not be able to take care of themselves and will rely upon society to provide special care. Modernization in this sense also means the rise of the welfare state: let the government take care of the frail and the old. Mass ageing has proven to be a financial crisis for welfare states in the advanced economies of the West; it also raises questions about the future of family-based care in the East while professionals and academicians in the advanced economies of the West continue to debate about whose responsibility it is to take care of the elders (the state or the individual?), governments in East Asia hold firmly to the position that it is the family that has the primary responsibility to take care of old members, and that the government's role is to assist families in discharging elder care responsibilities. This publication examines some of the often-raised questions identified in the research literature in the last 25 years - for example, the nature and scope of caregiving, the issue of care burden, and the claim that family-based care is really women care that is sex-biased. The author marshals evidence to show from studies conducted in China that care burden is a complex form of social relations that is shaped by the culture. Furthermore, the gender and type of relations may largely determine in what type of kin relations are the subjective feelings the greatest and where objective indications of burden may remain constant. In conclusion, the author suggests that the best common resolution for both the East and the West is to establish a workable partnership betwen the state and the family in facing the forthcoming crisis of elder care in a fully-aged society.


The argument from species overlap has been widely used in the literature on animal ethics and speciesism. However, there has been much confusion regarding what the argument proves and what it does not prove, and regarding the views it challenges. This article intends to clarify these confusions, and to show that the name most often used for this argument ('the argument from marginal cases') reflects and reinforces these misunderstandings. The article claims that the argument questions not only those defences of anthropocentrism that appeal to capacities believed to be typically human, but also those that appeal to special relations between humans. This means the scope of the argument is far wider than has been thought thus far. Finally, the article claims that, even if the argument cannot prove by itself that we should not disregard the interests of nonhuman animals, it provides us with strong reasons to do so, since the argument does prove that no defence of anthropocentrism appealing to non-definitional and testable criteria succeeds. © Society for Applied Philosophy, 2014.


Triazole 1.1 is a G protein–biased agonist of the κ-opioid receptor in striatal neurons. Biasing pain treatment against side effects Stimulating opioid receptors with targeted agonists can treat pain, but such drugs often cause unwanted and even dangerous side effects because they induce multiple intracellular pathways downstream of the receptor. Studies in cell lines and mouse models have proposed that so-called "biased" agonists, those that activate only antinociceptive G protein signaling, may lessen pain and itch without causing side effects. Ho et al. confirm this potential for targeting the κ-opioid receptor (KOR) by showing the biochemical and physiological effects of biased KOR agonists specifically on striatal neurons in mice. These findings indicate that cell culture–based predictions of biased KOR agonists may hold true in vivo and therefore may be a better way to treat pain in patients. Biased agonists of G protein–coupled receptors may present a means to refine receptor signaling in a way that separates side effects from therapeutic properties. Several studies have shown that agonists that activate the κ-opioid receptor (KOR) in a manner that favors G protein coupling over β-arrestin2 recruitment in cell culture may represent a means to treat pain and itch while avoiding sedation and dysphoria. Although it is attractive to speculate that the bias between G protein signaling and β-arrestin2 recruitment is the reason for these divergent behaviors, little evidence has emerged to show that these signaling pathways diverge in the neuronal environment. We further explored the influence of cellular context on biased agonism at KOR ligand–directed signaling toward G protein pathways over β-arrestin–dependent pathways and found that this bias persists in striatal neurons. These findings advance our understanding of how a G protein–biased agonist signal differs between cell lines and primary neurons, demonstrate that measuring [35S]GTPγS binding and the regulation of adenylyl cyclase activity are not necessarily orthogonal assays in cell lines, and emphasize the contributions of the environment to assessing biased agonism.


This study had an exploratory character. The aim was to gain more insight into the complex behaviour of children with mild mental retardation and externalizing behavioural disorders. This study is one of the first to focus on such a complex target-group. The goals were: making recommendations for future research, discovering tendencies central to behaviour and improving the treatment that such children receive. The children in this study are institutionalized and have a long history of care prior to their admission. Outpatient care proved to be inadequate because of their severe complex behavioural problems, which are difficult to treat. These children have been diagnosed as mildly mentally retarded (MMR) with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Conduct Disorder (CD). As well as the official diagnoses, the children have many comorbid problems. They are limited in their cognitive skills, have attentional deficits and memory problems, are impaired in their social functioning, are aggressive and impulsive, come from stressful family backgrounds and are often abused. There are few studies concerning dual-diagnosis children. The number of MMR children with comorbid problems is increasing and there is a lack of scientific knowledge about this (target-) group. This study will focus on attentional abilities and impulsiveness, which are related to the disorders mentioned above. The many comorbid problems made it difficult to create an ideal design, because it was impossible to deal with all the variables present in the target group. The children in this target group will play a central role in this study and, depending on the research question, will be compared to control groups. Therefore it has been decided to take a broad approach and carry out seven experiments. About half of the children in the target group were receiving medication during the experiments. This was a low dosage of pipamperon, usually not the first choice of drug used to treat ADHD and CD; it is an anti-psychotic drug. In the Netherlands and Belgium it is also prescribed for mentally retarded patients with integration disabilities. It is unusual to combine medicated and non-medicated subjects in the same group. However, a number of statistical analyses revealed that medication had no effect on the experimental tasks, and in addition the nonmedicated group did not perform any differently from the medicated group when compared to the normal control group.


Abstract In this study, we carried out Pb/Pb dating of tranquillityite in high-Ti mare basalts 10044, 75055, and 74255, using a Cameca NanoSIMS 50 at a spatial resolution of ~3 μm. The analyses yielded 207Pb/206Pb dates of 3722 ± 11 Ma for sample 10044, 3772 ± 9 Ma for sample 75055, and 3739 ± 10 Ma for sample 74255, at 95% confidence level. These dates are consistent with previously determined crystallization and emplacement ages of these samples using different radiogenic systems. These high-precision ages allow refinement of the timing of some of the high-Ti basaltic volcanism on the Moon. Crystallization ages of three different high-Ti basalt units, integrating these new Pb/Pb ages with previous Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd age determinations, are consistent with previous estimates but associated with uncertainties 3 to 5 times lower. In addition, the data obtained in this study confirm that tranquillityite contains very low amounts of initial common Pb and has a high-Pb ionization efficiency, making it an excellent candidate for Pb/Pb dating by ion microprobe. The higher spatial resolution afforded by NanoSIMS 50 and the recent discovery of tranquillityite in several terrestrial mafic rocks opens up a new area of research allowing an independent and rapid age dating of basaltic rocks in polished sections.


The technological revolutions that underlie the new information age will tax considerably the abilities of existing international institutions to bring order to international relations. Rapid rates of change may lead to chaos if international institutions cannot evolve to accommodate those changes. In some cases, new organisations will be required. The role given international organisations in establishing order in the latter half of the 20th century is reviewed. The new challenges presented by the information age are outlined. Whether the existing international organisations will be sufficiently flexible to accommodate the changes brought by the information age is assessed.


What role do school and church condominium conversions play in processes of
neighbourhood change? This paper examines 40 residential condominium conversions of
former neighbourhood institutions in Ontario's three largest urban municipalities to
determine their role within local gentrification processes. The research analyzes indicator
data over time in each conversion neighbourhood to identify gentrification trends and the
points at which the conversions are proposed within or outside them. The research finds
that post-institutional conversions can fall at any point before, during, after or outside
neighbourhood gentrification. This paper concludes that such conversions do not play a
universal driving or reactive role, however they have the power to foster further
gentrification where they occur early in the process. Planners are thus encouraged to
consider facilitating alternatives to private conversion in particular neighbourhood
contexts. Further research is recommended on the intersection of heritage conservation,
adaptive reuse and neighbourhood gentrification.


The Information Technology Controls (ITC) have a great influence on the reliability of financial reporting. They are part of Internal Controls over Financial Reporting (ICFR) but the area of Information Technology is often not well integrated and coordinated with the traditional Internal Controls, in absence of a compulsory Framework. A survey was conducted on a sample of companies listed on the Italian Stock Exchange. The results of this research offer an improvement of the Internal Control over Financial Reporting framework that consider the Information Technology peculiarities and specifies some conditions for their utility in relation to the main phases the audit cycle (scoping, planning, risk assessment, documentation, evaluation, reporting).


Biphenotypic sinonasal sarcoma (BSNS) is a newly classified tumor that is characterized by neural and myogenic differentiation. The authors herein report a rare patient of the recurrence of BSNS with intracranial hemorrhaging and a review of the literature. A 70-year-old man presented with disturbance of consciousness and vomiting blood. He had undergone resection of a sinonasal tumor 11 years earlier and shown no recurrence at his last follow-up 4 years ago. Computed tomography showed cerebral hemorrhaging around a low-density mass that occupied the left frontal base and left ethmoid sinus. Total resection was performed. A histological examination of tumor specimens obtained from the first and the second resections revealed almost the same characteristic morphological features and the patient was diagnosed with BSNS. The lesion was negative for any fusion genes, as previously reported. The long-term progression of BSNS is not clear. This case appears to be the first reported recurrence of BSNS with cerebral hemorrhaging. Biphenotypic sinonasal sarcoma should be considered to need long-term follow-up.


The simple and safe method for the deep body temperature measurement is worked out. The temperature is measured by means of the heat point-sensor and fully corresponds to the deep body temperature. The maximal temperature of the voided urine was measured. The rectal temperature completely coincides with the measured by the stated method in healthy men exposed to high, low and contrast temperatures of air and water.


Increasing diversity in schools in the United States over the last few decades, combined with an emphasis on high-stakes testing, has heightened concerns about the academic performance of students of color, in particular African American students. There are concerns about the appropriateness of a Eurocentric curriculum taught by White teachers, which often limits the use of a multicultural curriculum—one that values the culture and lifestyles of diverse students. This study focused on elements within teaching practices that improved achievement among students of color. An enhanced application of the Multiple Meanings of Multicultural Teacher Education Framework (MTEF), along with assessments of teacher training instruments (Gay, 1994; Love, 2001; Ladson-Billings, 1994), helped to create the Model for Modified Multicultural Teacher Education Framework on Teacher Perception of Student Achievement that served as a guide for the investigation. The overall findings confirmed the utility of the model and the enhancements made to the multicultural assessment instruments. Depending upon what elements were chosen, between 18% and 23% of the variance explained in teacher's beliefs, attitudes and perceptions could be explained by their training, their community involvement, awareness of self, knowledge of subject and a positive approach to the institutional culture. The findings support the existing literature and adds to it a new dimension by directly focusing on teacher's perceptions, attitudes and beliefs that promote or constrain teaching and learning about urban African American students in the urban classroom. TEACHER BELIEFS AND PRACTICES: THEIR EFFECTS ON STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT IN THE URBAN SCHOOL SETTING


Fredrik Sjholm and Nannan Lundin (this issue) have found that China's science and technology (S&T) activities had no effect on employment growth. I disagree with their conclusion and attribute it to the neglect of important factors like the S&T upgrading by small firms, the spillover effects from S&T activities, differences across industries, and differences in the stage of economic development. I used macroeconomic and cross-regional data in China to estimate the effect of technology development on job creation and found that technology innovation did have a positive impact on employment in the eastern region of China. This suggests that a positive relationship between technological improvement and employment creation is reliably seen only after the economy has reached a middle-level of economic development.


BACKGROUND
A small proportion of cystic fibrosis patients develop severe localised bronchiectasis. When this persists despite maximal medical therapy it presents a difficult management problem. Lung transplantation cannot be justified. We report encouraging results in six patients with severe localised bronchiectasis and cystic fibrosis who underwent pulmonary resection.

METHODS
Each child had severe localised bronchiectasis despite maximal medical therapy. Intensive preoperative toilet was instituted and pulmonary resection undertaken when lung function was optimal.

RESULTS
There was a marked improvement in symptoms in every case. No significant long-standing morbidity was associated with the resection. There was no significant decrease in pulmonary function following resection.

CONCLUSION
Pulmonary resection should be considered in the management of severe localised bronchiectasis unresponsive to maximal medical therapy in cystic fibrosis patients.


PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE
Flourishing, a primary outcome of rehabilitation psychology, is understudied among adults with disabilities. Gratitude has emerged as an individual strength that is both malleable and robust in predicting flourishing and adaptation to disability. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of gratitude on flourishing over time and to analyze the potential mediating role of adaptation to disability on this relationship for a group of adults with disabilities.

RESEARCH METHOD/DESIGN
Data were collected at 3 time points over 21 months (N = 429). A single mediator model with external demographic variables was tested to determine the relationship of gratitude (Time 1) with adaptation to disability (Time 2) and flourishing (Time 3). Approximately 40% of the initial sample was retained across all time points.

RESULTS
Gratitude predicted later flourishing and adaptation to disability accounted for a significant portion of this relationship, accounting for 27% of the total effect.

CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS
Results of this single mediator model indicate that adaptation to disability serves as a partial mediator of the relationship between gratitude and flourishing, with both gratitude and adaptation to disability having a significantly positive influence on flourishing. Understanding gratitude's influence on later adaptation and flourishing provides data to inform rehabilitation psychology interventions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).


Determinants of export-led cassava production intensification among small-holder farmers were investigated. Primary data collected with structured questionnaire from randomly selected 60 respondents, were analysed using appropriate statistics. The result showed a slow increasing trend in response to export opportunities. Farm size, credit availability, cassava product domestic prices, labour and frequency of extension contact had positive effect on cassava output while existence of efficient marketing system has negative effect on cassava output. Inadequate finance and high cost of labour were the problems facing cassava production intensification. Policy instrument on cassava production intensification should capture the significant determinants identified in the study.


The paper examines if and to what to extent unanticipated terrorist attacks affect Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) net inflow in Israel and Turkey between 1975 and 2014. The paper utilises two new conceptualisations and operationalisations to determine what makes a year contain unanticipated terrorist attacks and applies them using linear regression on the change in FDI between given years. Using this new operationalisation 10 out of 40 years in Israel and 13 out of 40 years in Turkey were deemed to have experienced unanticipated terrorist attacks. Two models, one controlling for changes in GDP growth, market size, exchange rates and inflation, and one without control variables are used to examine the effect of unanticipated attacks on FDI. The results indicate that unanticipated terrorist attacks had a statistically significant negative effect on FDI into Israel but no discernible effect in Turkey. The reason for this discrepancy between the two countries is likely because of the geographic location of terrorist activity in each country, global political pressures, and the type of terrorist activity.


Calendar aging of lithium metal batteries, in which cells' components degrade internally due to chemical reactions while no current is being applied, is a relatively unstudied field. In this work, a model to predict calendar aging of lithium metal cells is developed using two sets of readily obtainable data: solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer composition (measured via X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy) and SEI stability (measured as a degradation rate using a simple constant current–constant voltage charging protocol). Electrolyte properties such as volume and salt concentration are varied in order to determine their effect on SEI stability and composition, with subsequent impacts to calendar aging. Lower salt concentrations produce a solvent‐based, more soluble SEI, while the highest concentration produces a salt‐based, less soluble SEI. Higher electrolyte volumes promote dissolution of the SEI and thus decrease its stability. The model predicts that lithium metal would be the limiting factor in calendar aging, depleting long before the electrolyte does. Additionally, the relative composition of the electrolyte during aging is modeled and found to eventually converge to the same value independent of initial salt concentration.


There have been many empirical studies about the importance of the informal sector as an alternative source of employment opportunities, often dubbed as the last resort for many people in Indonesia. That is, expectations or the last option for the poor or the unemployed to earn a living, although often mediocre is the informal sector. These workers scale, venture capital, working capital and sales turnover is generally small, and can be done in stages. Problems found in the informal sector employment in the amount of which stout has a greater risk for loss of
income and vulnerable to the possibility of working under minimum wage. But in conditions like this job much infomal sector workers who can meet our existence, to keep their jobs and do not often we see the happiness that glows on their faces. For the purpose of this study is to find a
picture psychological well being in the informal sector workers.
This study uses qualitative research methods, descriptive design, with the research subjects are a two-person informal sector workers, and as an informant is a member of the family of the subject\'s wife. Data was collected through interviews and observation of free guided
participatory.
Results of research on informal sector workers about the psychological well being, it can be concluded that the subjects understood psychological well being on him so that they can feel the joy in life is manifested in several dimensions such as the dimensions of self-acceptance, a sense of pride in their skill , have the ability to establish relationships with others, environmental mastery, have the ability to personal growth that perform development tasks in the stage of life in
middle adulthood, and have the autonomy, has a positive purpose in life and make every effort possible to achieve that purpose.
Factors that affect the psychological well being on the subject of social support that the self-acceptance, religiosity factors that have a purpose in life and thank God for living conditions.
Besides the factor of personality and life experience factors in causing a positive evaluation of the subjects are able to establish positive relation with other, personal growth and environmental mastery


Although Police Officers are not understood manner with stated cases concerned in the enforcement of The in detail. Trade Descriptions Acts it is useful Useful for the Traffic Division to have some knowledge, especially in Officer dealing with vehicle examinaconnection with the offence of "sale tions and in the Traffic Area Office. of unroadworthy motor vehicles". The law is stated as at June 1, 1977. This reasonably priced book offers the law on this subject in clear, easily R.H.H.


The development of social networks such as Twitter, Facebook and Google+ allow users to share their beliefs, feelings, or observations with their circles of friends. Based on these
data, a range of applications and techniques has been developed, targeting to provide a better quality of life to the users. Nevertheless, the quality of results of the geolocationaware applications is signicantly restricted due to the tiny percentage of the social media data that is geotagged ( 2% for Twitter). Hence, increasing this percentage is an important and challenging problem. Moreover, information extracted from social media data can be complemented by the analysis of mobile phone usage data, in order to provide further insights on human activity patterns. In this thesis, we present a novel method for analyzing and geolocalizing non-geotagged Twitter posts. The proposed method is the rst to do so at the ne-grain of city neighborhoods, while being both eective and time ecient. Our method is based on the extraction of representative keywords for each candidate location,as well as the analysis of the tweet volume time series. We also describe a system built on top of our method, which geolocalizes tweets and allows users to visually examine the results and their evolution over time. Our system allows the user to get a better idea of how the activity of a particular location changes, which the most important keywords are, as well as to geolocalize individual tweets of interest. Moreover, we study the activity and mobility characteristics of the users that
post geotagged tweets and compared the mobility of users who attended the event with a random set of users. Interestingly, the results of this analysis indicate that a very small number of users (i.e., less than 35 users in this study) is able to represent the mobility patterns present in the entire dataset. Finally, we study the call activity and mobility patterns, clustering the observed behaviors
that exhibited similar characteristics, and characterizing the anomalous behaviors. We analyzed a Call Detail Record (CDR) dataset, containing (aggregated) information on
the calls among mobile phones. Employing density-based algorithms and statistical analysis, we developed a framework that identies abnormal locations, as well abnormal time intervals. The results of this work can be used for early identication of exceptional situations, monitoring the eects of important events in urban and transportation planning, and others.


Based on the scattering theory of elastic waves, employing the wave function expansion method, the scattering and the dynamic stresses concentration of SH wave by circular tunnel with lining are investigated. The analytical solution of the problem is derived, and the numerical solution of the dynamic stress concentration factors around the lining is presented. The effects of the shear elasticity of the surrounding rock and the lining, the wave number on the dynamic stress concentration factors are analyzed. Analysis has shown that the shear elasticity of the surrounding rock and the wave number are factors that influence dynamic stress concentration factor, and provide important theoretical foundation for the earthquake evaluation of lining.


This article aims to help the governance of peri-urban land conflicts from an approach focused on the control of urban sprawl, which is the paramount characteristic of Yamoussoukro, the political Capital City of Cote d'Ivoire. The study starts with a prospective approach to this phenomenon to identify prospects for a sustainable conflict resolution. It therefore comes within the framework of the quest for a spatial cohesion to lead to social cohesion that is today undermined by a rampant urbanization. Our proactive approach is based on the principles of participatory governance to analyze the issue of urban sprawl and the conflicts it generates on the urban periphery. The results have revealed that the city expanded from 1,083 ha in 1970 to 30,452 ha today. This strong spatial growth to the detriment of rural lands accounts for the recurrence of land conflicts in the villages.


Managing rice crop stubble is one of the major challenges witnessed in the agricultural sector. This work attempts to investigate the physical, mechanical, and liquid absorption properties of rice straw (RS)-reinforced polymer composite for assessing its suitability to use as an ayurvedic treatment table. This material is expected to be an alternative for wooden-based ayurvedic treatment tables. The results showed that the addition of rice straw particles (RSp) up to 60% volume in epoxy reduced the density of the composite material by 46.20% and the hardness by 15.69%. The maximum tensile and flexural strength of the RSp composite was 17.53 MPa and 43.23 MPa, respectively. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed deposits of silica in the form of phytoliths in various size and shapes on the outer surface of RS. The study also revealed that the water absorption rate (WA) was less than 7.8% for the test samples with 45% volume of RSp. Interestingly the test samples showed greater resistance to the absorption of Kottakal Dhanvantaram Thailam (<2%). In addition, the developed samples showed resistance towards bacterial and fungal growth under the exposure of treatment oils and water.


The study aims to compare the effects of fiscal policy shocks in three Baltic countries – Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania - within SVAR framework, using the identification scheme proposed by Blanchard and Perotti (2002). The time sample covers quarterly data over the period of 2002q1-2019q4. The main idea of the study is to identify the effects of fiscal policy shocks in three euro area member states under a single monetary policy of the European Central Bank, but with country-specific fiscal policy shaped by the European fiscal framework. The results show that, generally, in the short term (up to four quarters), output reacts consistently with the Keynesian view, emphasizing the importance of using discretionary fiscal policy tools in stimulating economic activity in the Baltic region. However, in Estonia and Latvia, the calculated impact multipliers for net taxes are larger than spending multipliers. Although each country reacts differently to its country-specific fiscal shock, the response to the euro area money market interest rate innovation is quite similar with respect to the direction of the effect, which may indicate the robustness of the Baltic region in terms of the euro area shocks. Thus, the results emphasize the importance of conducting domestic fiscal policy adapted to the conditions of each of the analysed economies. Based on the assumptions and the methodology used in this study, the obtained findings show the limited effects of spending on Baltic economies in comparison with the effects caused by the shocks in net taxes. Moreover, due to the lack of large-scale analysis regarding the effectiveness of fiscal policy in Baltic states, the obtained results are a valuable contribution to the debate about the 'appropriate' size of the fiscal multipliers for the Baltic region.


Coupling of haloarenes to arenes has been facilitated by a diverse range of organic additives in the presence of KO(t)Bu or NaO(t)Bu since the first report in 2008. Very recently, we showed that the reactivity of some of these additives (e.g., compounds 6 and 7) could be explained by the formation of organic electron donors in situ, but the role of other additives was not addressed. The simplest of these, alcohols, including 1,2-diols, 1,2-diamines, and amino acids are the most intriguing, and we now report experiments that support their roles as precursors of organic electron donors, underlining the importance of this mode of initiation in these coupling reactions.


Seismic reflection tomography is a method for determining a subsurface velocity model from the traveltimes of seismic waves reflecting on geological interfaces. From an optimization viewpoint, the problem consists in minimizing a nonlinear least-squares function measuring the mismatch between observed traveltimes and those calculated by ray tracing in this model. The introduction of a priori information on the model is crucial to reduce the under-determination. The contribution of this paper is to introduce a technique able to take into account geological a priori information in the reflection tomography problem expressed as constraints in the optimization problem. This technique is based on a Gauss-Newton sequential quadratic programming approach. At each Gauss-Newton step, a solution to a convex quadratic optimization problem subject to linear constraints is computed thanks to an augmented Lagrangian algorithm. Our choice for this optimization method is motivated and its original aspects are described. The efficiency of the method is demonstrated on a 2D OBC real data set and on a 3D real data set: the introduction of constraints coming both from well logs and from geological knowledge allows us to reduce the under-determination of both inverse problems.


Abstract The ways in which the author, the sculptor Peter Randall-Page, has made use of the ideas of D'Arcy Thompson are described. How Thompson showed that commonalities of form and pattern exist across the biological and abiotic realms is described, and the implications that physical constraints limit and sometimes dominate the capabilities of evolutionary natural selection are explored. Since we evolved in a world shaped in this manner, the likelihood that this palette of forms is one that carries strong psychological meanings and associations is examined, and the ways in which these forms are a rich source of inspiration and allusion for visual artists are discussed, hinting at the play of opposing tendencies, the dance between order and randomness, and the ways in which nature can derive variations on a theme.


Abstract : Attitude determination of satellites is normally the job of inertial instruments, such as gyroscopes, or through sensing instruments, such as star trackers or Global Positioning Satellites (GPS). Satellite health monitoring systems watch and determine if the satellite deviates from its normal operating attitude orientation. Knowing the orientation of a satellite is essential in being able to control it in order to complete the satellite's designated mission. While there are a multitude of ways to determine a satellite's orientation, very little research has been done on determining if the attitude of a satellite can be determined directly from telemetry data of the attitude control systems and an accurate spacecraft model. The fidelity of a satellite attitude determination model required to get reasonable predictions from using only telemetry data of the attitude controllers, such as thruster on/off indicators and reaction wheel rotor speeds, is investigated. Experimental tests using telemetry data received from the Air Force Institute of Technology's (AFIT) Simulated Satellite, SimSat, is used in verifying a Matlab model which outputs SimSat's orientation from SimSat's reaction wheel and thruster telemetry data. Software modeling results showed that it is possible to determine a satellite's attitude from only the attitude controllers' telemetry data when the satellite's dynamic model is known. Testing involving SimSat showed that attitude determination from the Matlab model is possible but not perfect. Additional information needs to be known about the satellite's systems and characteristics and about the environment in which the satellite operates, in order to increase the fidelity of the model for more accurate predictions of the satellite's attitude. Even though more research is needed, there is promise for using satellite attitude controllers fields such as health monitoring


OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the possible role of an hemostatic matrix on hemostasis, perioperative outcomes and complications in patients who underwent laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN).

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Patients charts were analyzed retrospectively and their demographic characteristics, operative parameters and follow-up results were recorded. Patients were divided into two groups, according to those who used an hemostatic matrix as Group 1 (n = 41) and those who did not used as Group 2 (n = 44). Demographic characteristics of patients, tumor features, operation time, clamping of the renal vessels, ischemia time, suturing of the collecting system, perioperative hemorrhage and complications were evaluated. Histopathological results, surgical margin status, creatinine level and recurrence at the 3rd month of follow up were analyzed. Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS 17.0 and significance was set at p value of < 0.05.

RESULTS
The mean RENAL nephrometry score was 5.9 ± 2.0 and the mean tumor size was 35 ± 12 mm. All patients had a single tumor and 44 of them had a tumor in the right kidney. The renal artery was clamped in 79 cases and the mean ischemia time was 20.1 ± 7 minutes. The mean tumor size and the mean RENAL nephrometry score was statistically higher in Group 1 (p: 0.016 and p < 0.001, respectively). Pelvicaliceal repair was more common in Group 1 due to deeper extension of tumors in this group (p: 0.038). In Group 1, less hemorrhage and blood transfusion requirement, with shorter ischemia and operation time was detected.

CONCLUSION
The outcomes of the recent study showed that adjunctive use of an hemostatic matrix improves hemostasis and decreases hemorrhagic complications during LPN. Further prospective studies are required to assess the potential role of an hemostatic matrix in LPN.


The current and future power systems foresee very deep penetration of renewable power plants into the generation mix, which will make the provision of ancillary services by renewables an ultimate necessity. This would be further emphasised when green power stations replace conventional power plants that rely on fossil fuels. In this context, many control methodologies could be applied to the controllers of the green generators to enable the provision of these services, mainly frequency support and voltage regulation. Most of the available models (i.e. in power system simulators) do not include such supplementary controls to provide ancillary services. Hence, this chapter exploits key examples of these controllers that proved to be efficient and widely accepted. In addition, this chapter considers their integration into the conventional controls of green generators, where the focus is on wind energy.


Since the mid-2000s, there has been an increase of schools and programs in the Swedish education system profiled on sports and health. This has meant that the supply of physical activities in school has increased in size and changed to be much more than the subject Physical Education (PE). A large part of this new supply is that pupils are offered training in different sports during the school day, something that could be resembled to the international concept of School Sport. This study is part of a larger project on how primary schools organize their sport profiles, the content offered and who the pupils and teachers are. The study is based on a data from 854 schools' websites and interviews with 50 principals from schools that offer a sport profile. Preliminary result show that almost 25% of the schools offer some kind of sport profile and that there are mainly two kinds. One where schools offer a broad sport and health profile usually with a PE teacher in charge, and one in which schools offer training in a specific sport during the school day usually with a sports coach. When the schools offer a specific sport, the team sports dominate the supply with soccer as most common. The results also show that there are more boys than girls participating in the activities, especially when the schools have selected a specific sport. Furthermore, the result show that the schools' purpose and reason for offering a sport profile is of a diverse nature. In conclusion, this study shows that the Swedish model with compulsory PE in schools and voluntary sport in voluntary sport clubs appear to be changing and that the voluntary sport clubs now has its own space within the school system.


In this work we present a refractive index sensor based on the leaky radiation of a microfiber. The 5.3um diameter microfiber is fabricated by drawing a commercial optical fiber. When the microfiber is immersed into a liquid with larger refractive index than the effective index of fiber mode, the light will leak out through the leaky radiation process. The variation of refractive index of liquid can be monitored by measuring radiation angle of light. The refractive index sensitivity can be over 400 degree/RIU in theory. In the experiment, the variation value 0.001 of refractive index of liquid around this microfiber can be detected through this technique. This work provides a simple and sensitive method for refractive index sensing application.


RIS is a New Delhi-based autonomous policy think-tank supported by the Government of India and devoted to trade and development issues. Its work programme focuses on policy research and capacity building on multilateral trade and financial negotiations, regional economic cooperation in Asia, South-South cooperation, new technologies and development, and strategic policy responses of developing countries to globalization, among other issues. The work of RIS is published in the form of research reports, books, discussion papers, policy briefs and journals.


Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract that affects approximately 15,000 people in Ireland. 10% of these patients will develop fibrostenosing disease, usually requiring surgery. There are currently no antifibrotic medications in use for the treatment of fibrostenosing CD.
 Bile acids (BAs), produced in the liver and classically known for their roles in facilitating fat absorption from the diet, have previously been shown to have the capacity to regulate fibroblast activation and to exert protective effects against both hepatic fibrosis and intestinal inflammation. Therefore, altered mucosal fibroblast function in response to luminal BAs may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of fibrostenosing Crohn's disease.
 Our aim is to determine if treatment of fibroblasts under pro-fibrotic conditions with naturally occurring BAs decreases markers associated with fibrosis.

 NIH/3T3, a murine fibroblast cell line, were treated with TGF-ß (5 ng/ml) to induce their activation and transition to myofibroblasts in the absence or presence of varying concentrations of the naturally-occurring BAs, deoxycholic acid (DCA) and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) over 24 hours. qPCR was employed to determine expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (aSMA), an important marker for ECM deposition and fibrosis.

 Treatment of fibroblasts with DCA within the range of normal physiological concentrations (50 to 200 µM) induced a significant inhibition of TGF-ß-induced aSMA expression. At a concentration of 100 µM, DCA reduced TGF-ß-induced responses by 50%, compared to cells treated with TGF-ß-alone (RQ=2.17; RQ=4.58, respectively) (n=6) (p=0.0031) (Figure 1). Similarly, treatment with UDCA at supraphysiological concentrations (500 µM) decreased aSMA expression following TGF-ß stimulation (RQ=1.75; RQ=3.69, respectively) (n=5) (Figure 2). Treatment with conjugated BAs TDCA and TUDCA suggest an intracellular mechanism of action by DCA and UDCA. INT-777, the specific agonist of the TGR5 bile acid receptor, also reduced TGF-ß-induced aSMA expression, suggesting this receptor may be involved in mediating the effects of naturally-occurring BAs.
 Figure 1:

 Figure 2:

 We have shown that treatment of fibroblasts under pro-fibrotic conditions with the BAs, DCA and UDCA, results in a significant decrease in aSMA expression. These data suggest that BAs represent a promising target for the development of new anti-fibrotic agents to treat/prevent fibrostenosing CD.


B The article describes a hierarchically distributed way of storing and processing mobile subscribers location information. Proposed a method to determine the time of information search about the mobile subscriber location of a upon a call. The analysis is presented of time dependence of the location information search to the number of subscribers of the communication network changes.


Genetically or pharmacologically disrupting the activity of an E3 ubiquitin ligase promotes the antitumor activity of natural killer cells. A promising avenue for cancer treatment is leveraging the body's own immune system to target the cancer cells. Paolino et al. showed that in multiple cancer models, tumor growth and metastasis was reduced in mice lacking Cbl-b, an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets surface receptors, or in Cbl-b–deficient mice reconstituted with a catalytically inactive mutant. This antitumor activity was abolished if the mice were depleted of natural killer (NK) cells, a cytotoxic cell type of the innate immune system. In vitro ubiquitylation reactions with more than 9000 human proteins identified TYRO3, a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase TAM (Tyro, Axl, Mer) family, as the top candidate substrate of CBL-B. In response to the TAM ligand Gas6, activated mouse NK cells, but not those lacking Cbl-b activity, exhibited decreased proliferation and interferon-γ production and reduced amounts of all three TAM family receptors from the cell surface. The authors developed LDC1267 to selectively inhibit the kinase activity of TAMs and showed that LDC1267 prevented the Gas6-mediated inhibition of activated NK cells without affecting NK cells deficient in Cbl-b function. The antitumor response was increased by adoptive transfer of LDC1267-treated NK cells to a similar extent as that of adoptively transferred Cbl-b–deficient NK cells, indicating that NK cells were the relevant target of the drug. LCD1267 promoted an NK cell–dependent antitumor response when delivered intraperitoneally or orally into mice with different types of cancer. Finally, the anticoagulant warfarin has a tumor-reducing effect in rodent cancer models and inhibits TAM activity. Treatment of mice with a dose of warfarin too low to affect coagulation enhanced NK cell cytotoxicity and reduced melanoma metastasis in a manner dependent on NK cells. Thus, this strategy of inhibiting TAMs may be an effective therapeutic option in cancer, and warfarin may potentially be repurposed for this clinical application. M. Paolino, A. Choidas, S. Wallner, B. Pranjic, I. Uribesalgo, S. Loeser, A. M. Jamieson, W. Y. Langdon, F. Ikeda, J. P. Fededa, S. J. Cronin, R. Nitsch, C. Schultz-Fademrecht, J. Eickhoff, S. Menninger, A. Unger, R. Torka, T. Gruber, R. Hinterleitner, G. Baier, D. Wolf, A. Ullrich, B. M. Klebl, J. M. Penninger, The E3 ligase Cbl-b and TAM receptors regulate cancer metastasis via natural killer cells. Nature 507, 508–512 (2014). [PubMed]


Self-control underlies goal-directed behaviour in humans and other animals. Delayed gratification - a measure of self-control - requires the ability to tolerate a delay and/or invest more effort to obtain a reward of higher value over one of lower value, such as food or mates. Social context, in particular, the presence of competitors, may influence delayed gratification. We adapted the 'rotating-tray' paradigm, where subjects need to forgo an immediate, lower-quality (i.e. less preferred) reward for a delayed, higher-quality (i.e. more preferred) one, to test social influences on delayed gratification in two corvid species: New Caledonian crows and Eurasian jays. We compared choices for immediate vs. delayed rewards while alone, in the presence of a competitive conspecific and in the presence of a non-competitive conspecific. We found that species differed: jays were more likely to select the immediate, less preferred reward than the crows. We also found that jays were more likely to select the immediate, less preferred reward when a competitor or non-competitor was present than when alone, or when a competitor was present compared to a non- competitor, while the crows selected the delayed, highly preferred reward irrespective of social presence. We discuss our findings in relation to species differences in socio-ecological factors (adult sociality and food caching) and wider implications of social influences on self-control.


Abstract. In this study we evaluated CO2 emissions during composting of green wastes with clay and/or biochar in the presence and absence of worms (species of the genus Eisenia), as well as the effect of those amendments on carbon mineralization after application to soil. We added two different doses of clay, biochar or their mixture to pre-composted green wastes and monitored carbon mineralization over 21 days in the absence or presence of worms. The resulting co-composts and vermicomposts were then added to a loamy Cambisol and the CO2 emissions were monitored over 30 days in a laboratory incubation. Our results indicated that the addition of clay or clay/biochar mixture reduced carbon mineralization during co-composting without worms by up to 44 %. In the presence of worms, CO2 emissions during composting increased for all treatments except for the low clay dose. The effect of the amendments on carbon mineralization after addition to soil was small in the short term. Overall, composts increased OM mineralization, whereas vermicomposts had no effect. The presence of biochar reduced OM mineralization in soil with respect to compost and vermicompost without additives, whereas clay reduced mineralization only in the composts. Our study indicates a significant role of the conditions of composting on mineralization in soil. Therefore, the production of a low CO2 emission amendment requires optimization of feedstocks, co-composting agents and worm species.


Gamma-ray absorption due to -pair creation on cosmological scales depends on the line-of-sight integral of the evolving density of low-energy photons in the Universe, i.e. on the history of the diuse, isotropic radiation eld. Here we present and discuss a semi-empirical model for this metagalactic radiation eld based on stellar light produced and reprocessed in evolving galaxies. With a minimum of parameters and assumptions, the present-day background intensity is obtained from the far-IR to the ultraviolet band. Predicted model intensities are independent of cosmological parameters, since we require that the comoving emissivity, as a function of redshift, agrees with observed values obtained from deep galaxy surveys. The far-infrared background at present predicted from optical galaxy surveys falls short in explaining the observed one, and we show that this decit can be removed by taking into account (ultra)luminous infrared galaxies with a seperate star formation rate. The accuracy and reliability of the model, out to redshifts of z 5, allow a realistic estimate of the attenuation length of GeV-to-TeV gamma-rays and its uncertainty, which will be the focus of a subsequent paper.


SiC materials have excellent high temperature strength, low coefficient of thermal expansion, good resistance to oxidation and good thermal and chemical stability etc. In this study, monolithic liquid phase sintered SiC (LPS-SiC) was made by hot pressing method with nano-SiC powder an average particle size is 30nm and less. Alumina (Al2O3), yttria (Y2O3) and silica (SiO2) particles were used for sintering additives. To investigate effects of SiO2, Al2O3/Y2O3 composition was fixed and then ratios of SiO2 were changed as seven kinds. Materials have been sintered for 1 hour at 1760, 1780 and 1800 under the pressure of 20MPa. The system of sintering additives which affects a property of sintering as well as the influence depending on compositions of sintering additives were investigated by measurement of density, mechanical properties such as Vickers hardness and sliding wear resistance were investigated to make sure of the optimum condition which is about matrix of SiCf/SiC composites. The abrasion test condition applies to load of 20N at 100rpm for 20min. Sintered density, abrasion property of fabricated LPS-SiC increased with increasing the sintering temperature. In case of LPS-SiC with low SiO2 content, has very excellent wear resistance.


This article reports an experiment using the C3Fire microworld—a functional simulation of command and control in a complex and dynamic environment—in which 24 three-person teams were organized according to either a functional or multifunctional allocation of roles. We proposed a quantitative approach for estimating teamwork requirements and comparing them across team structures. Two multiple linear regression models were derived from the experimental data, one for each team structure. Both models provided excellent fits to the data. The regression coefficients revealed key similarities and some major differences across team structures. The two most important predictors were monitoring effectiveness and coordination effectiveness regardless of team structure. Communication frequency was a positive predictor of performance in the functional structure but a negative predictor in the multifunctional structure. In regard to communication content, the proportion of goal-oriented communications was found to be a positive predictor of team performance in functional teams and a weak negative predictor of team performance in multifunctional teams. Mental load was a useful predictor in functional teams but not in multifunctional teams. Results show that this method is useful for estimating teamwork requirements and support the claim that teamwork requirements can vary as a function of team structure.


This thesis consists of four studies reflecting information and education on food and meals at different levels of society. The educational efforts are directed towards everyday family practices. The overall aim of this thesis, therefore, was to obtain a grasp of the way children and families think of food and meals in a cultural perspective, in order to understand the areas where food information and education appears to take root. Further, the thesis aims to study the potential of tasting lessons as an educational tool in compulsory school. The methods used were qualitative:repeated focus groups with immigrant women from Bosnia-Herzegovina and Somalia, focus groups with pupils and school staaf, and telephone interviews with school heads. Further it were semi-structured life world interviews and groupinterviews with Swedish children and their families. The analytical methods were based on grounded theory, and systematic and reflexive analysis. The results generated a model showing immigrant women struggling for their cultural identity, oscillating between remining Somalian and becoming part of Swedish society in their food and meal choices. The Swedish families described coping with the past and the present, and their children the different food and taste worlds at school and at home. The study of an educational tool for educationused in the fifth class at compulsory school showed both pupils and staff were prepared to be exposed to new tastes and new educational work and co-operation at school. In conclusion, the studies showed the imortance of culture for family identity, aswell as ideas and practices whithin family meal experiences in both immigrant and Swedish families. Further, an educational tool using children's senses might be a valuable practical contribution in food education. Neither food and meal information nor education and learning should, therefore, be separated from their practical and cultural components. Such factors should be taken into account in official guidelines for applied learning.


In this thesis, Women and Tradition in Turkish Television culture-The modern day representation of rape and pre-marital sexuality looks into how rape and pre-marital sexuality is represented under traditional gender roles. This is a cultural study that tries to understand the sexual identity of women trying to be represented on television series in Turkey. Two television serials "Fatmagulun Sucu Ne?" and "Hayat Devam Ediyor" are selected as case studies. The two main characters "Fatmagul" and "Hayat" are analyzed in both television serials. The main research question presented in the thesis, "With a particular focus on gender representation, how are the issues of rape and extra-marital sex addressed in the Turkish television serials "Hayat Devam diyor" and "Fatmagul'un sucu ne?" The particular of representation of gender sexuality is in the traditional and social sphere. The theoretical framework is mainly based on theories based on "Feminism" with a focus on "Radical Feminism" and "Patriarchy". The main methodological framework used is "critical discourse analysis". The findings in the thesis through the analysis of episodes dealing with rape and pre-marital sexuality the representations of the main female characters are more negatively in their social spheres. They are excluded from society and represented as the second-class citizen. With this study my aim is to look into the relationship of representations of gender, which will bring more attention to the sensitive topics of oppression of gender sexuality and the representation through gendered realities in the television serials.


Background: Trauma contributes significantly to the global burden of disease. We analysed published trauma registries to assess the demographics of those most affected in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods: We performed a systematic review of published trauma registry studies according to PRISMA guidelines. We included published full-text articles from trauma registries in low and middle-income countries describing the demographics of trauma registry patients. Articles from military trauma registries, articles using data not principally derived from trauma registry data, articles describing patients of only one demographic (e.g. only paediatric patients), or only one mechanism of injury, trauma registry implementation papers without demographic data, review papers and conference proceedings were excluded. Results: The initial search retrieved 1868 abstracts of which 1324 remained after duplicate removal. After screening the abstracts, 78 full-text articles were scrutinised for their suitability for inclusion. Twenty three papers from 14 countries, including 103,327 patients, were deemed eligible and included for analysis. The median age of trauma victims in these articles was 27 years (IQR 25–29). The median percentage of trauma victims who were male was 75 (IQR 66–84). The median percentage of road traffic injuries (RTIs) as a percentage of total injuries caused by trauma was 46 (IQR 21–71). Conclusions: Young, male, road traffic victims represent a large proportion of the LMIC trauma burden. This information can inform and be used by local and national governments to implement road safety measures and other strategies aimed at reducing the injury rate in young males.


How do we connect the processes of collective public decision-making with complex biophysical systems? In Australia, the answer seems to be 'not very well'. The full magnitude of human impact in post-colonial Australia is only just now beginning to be properly understood. In key areas such as land, water, energy and air we have embraced a pattern of development that is increasingly being recognised as 'unsustainable' (Low 2010). We have built our cities on flood plains, yet have cleared many water catchments of vegetation, so that in times of heavy rain there are few barriers stopping down-stream flooding (see chapter 7). We also consume vast amounts of water, yet we inhabit one of the driest continents on Earth. We have developed suburbs on prime agricultural land, but wonder why food security has become an issue. We mine for coal seam gas through fracking ancient rocks near precious aquifers with little understanding of the cumulative environmental risks involved. In short, we do not seem to have learned from the lessons offered by history or the experiences of other countries. Is there something wrong with our decision-making systems?


The travel industry is one of the few industries where there is an increased interest among consumers for on-line reservations. The purpose of this study is to explore and describe consumers' attitudes towards travel reservations and purchases on the Internet. A questionnaire was distributed to 400 consumers in Gothenburg. The study indicates that consumers generally have a positive attitude towards travel reservations and purchases on the Internet, although the perceived risks are high. Certain consumers consider the payments insecure. A reservation confirmation is of crucial importance to consumers' willingness to make their travel reservations on the Internet.


Varistors obtained by sintering zinc oxide with additives were investigated. In this work the crystalline microstructure of ZnO varistor body is studied by X-ray diffraction method, before and after additional annealing. The crystalline microstructure is characterised by the prevalent crystallite shape, the volume-weighted crystallite size distribution, the second-order crystalline lattice strain distribution and the derivative quantities. The evolution of these characteristics, particularly of bimodal size distribution, elucidate some details of the formation of crystalline zinc oxide and provide additional arguments for explaining the change of the electric characteristics of varistors induced by annealing.


Born and educated in Germany, Ruth Hughes emigrated to England in 1939, just prior to the outbreak of World War II. Having been denied access to university training in medicine because she was Jewish, she had decided to study nursing and was hired as a student nurse in Birmingham, England, where she spent the war years. In her three-session interview in 1998-1999, she recalls her decision to leave England for the US (1946) and her chance meeting with Barbara Low, a crystallographer and student at Oxford under Dorothy Hodgkin; and through Low her introduction to Edward Wesley Hughes, a Caltech research associate in chemistry and a crystallographer. Ruth Hughes works in the US as a nurse in New York and Boston; she marries Edward ("Eddie") in England during his sabbatical at Leeds (1951); his interest in car tours and motion picture photography helps in the formation of a social group. Recalls her husband's assignment to represent Linus Pauling at the Royal Society in London, early 1952; her meeting then with Pauling's colleague Robert Corey and his wife. The Hugheses return to Pasadena by way of South Africa and South America. Account of Caltech in the early 1950s: her early involvement with the Women's Club and introduction to Doris DuBridge (wife of Caltech president Lee A. DuBridge); the Hugheses' close connection with the Paulings; Mrs. Pauling (Ava Helen) and her political and social ambitions; social expectations on Caltech wives at that time; her husband's loyalty to Pauling and the various tasks imposed on both of them as a result, especially the entertaining of visitors; the nature of the Pauling circle. Her involvement with Pauling's petition to the UN on a nuclear test ban; her husband's and other's opposition to Pauling's political work. Her interest in meeting and assisting Chinese and Japanese visitors; the Caltech Service League and Chem Wives. Circumstances of the Paulings' departure from Caltech. Current recognition of Caltech widows by Alice Huang.


Merger is combination of two or more companies to establish a new company. Merger happens when a company takes over all the operations of other business entities and the entities which taken over is dissolved. This research aims to analyze profitability of company before and after merger in companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange. Profitability is measured by using ratios: Net Profit Margin (NPM), Return on Equity (ROE), Return on Investment (ROI). This research takes population from all of the company that done merger in period of 2009-2014. The samples of this research consists of 3 firms from non-banking category are listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange. The ratios of data obtained from company's financial statements are published. The analysis used to test the hypothesis of this research is descriptive and comparative analysis with a statistical test Paired Sample T Test. The results from Paired Sample T Test shows that there was difference for Net Profit Margin, Return on Equity and Return On Investment ratios before and after merger in period of observation and testing.


Introduction: Well type ionization chamber is a measuring device which is used to determine the activity of brachytherapy sources. The chamber has a cylindrical volume in which a cylindrical tube is mounted in the middle of the chamber. For the measurements, the brachytherapy sources are transferred to the middle of the tube. Materials and Methods: For designing the well type chamber, the measurement principals of well type chambers were considered and MCNP-4C code as a calculation tool was used. The designed chamber was simulated and the response of the chamber was evaluated. In this investigation, the chamber operational parameters such as operating voltage, leakage current, reproducibility, reference measuring point, recombination and polarization factors as well as response stability for 137Cs, 57Co and 241Am sources were studied. Results: The chamber leakage currents at the operating voltage in comparison to the chamber response for the measurement of the above mentioned sources were negligible. The responses of the fabricated chamber for these sources are reproducible and its reference measurement position for these sources was obtained at 6 cm from the bottom of the chamber. The recombination factor for the well type chamber was negligible and the polarization factor is close to 1. Therefore, these two factors were not considered in the measurements. The reproducibility of the measurements in different intervals shows the stability of the chamber response for each source. Also the results of the chamber current measurement in term of source strength were compared to the response of the simulated chamber for different source positions and energy ranges of the used sources. Discussion and Conclusion: The results show that the measurement of the reference positions for each source in the simulated and fabricated chamber is quite in a good agreement. Regarding the reliable operational properties of the fabricated chamber, this chamber can be used to determine the activities of brachytherapy sources in which the energy ranges are greater than 50 KeV.


Much recent work suggests that incorporating syntax information from dependency trees can improve task-specific transformer models. However, the effect of incorporating dependency tree information into pre-trained transformer models (e.g., BERT) remains unclear, especially given recent studies highlighting how these models implicitly encode syntax. In this work, we systematically study the utility of incorporating dependency trees into pre-trained transformers on three representative information extraction tasks: semantic role labeling (SRL), named entity recognition, and relation extraction. We propose and investigate two distinct strategies for incorporating dependency structure: a late fusion approach, which applies a graph neural network on the output of a transformer, and a joint fusion approach, which infuses syntax structure into the transformer attention layers. These strategies are representative of prior work, but we introduce additional model design elements that are necessary for obtaining improved performance. Our empirical analysis demonstrates that these syntax-infused transformers obtain state-of-the-art results on SRL and relation extraction tasks. However, our analysis also reveals a critical shortcoming of these models: we find that their performance gains are highly contingent on the availability of human-annotated dependency parses, which raises important questions regarding the viability of syntax-augmented transformers in real-world applications.


Savings optimization will become one of the principal worries in the wireless sensor community (WSN) routing protocol layout, because of the reality that maximum sensor nodes are geared up with the restrained nonrechargeable battery strength community lifetime for statistics relay. Following the principle of opportunistic routing idea, multi hop relay choice to optimize the network energy performance is made based totally at the differences amongst sensor nodes, in phrases of both their distance to sink and the residual strength of each different. In this paper, we propose a technique, which improves the Opportunistic routing algorithm on the basis of Energy, Network Lifetime, Delay and Delivery Ratio.


The amount of information present in HRTFs and the required processing capabilities for real-time and inter-active binaural rendering have long been a challenge for many applications for binaural rendering. More recently, parametric methods to capture the perceptually-relevant information from HRTFs have been developed. By means of extracting perceptually-relevant attributes from HRTF pairs, binaural rendering can be performed at lower complexity compared to the employment of HRTF convolution. Furthermore, parameter-based binaural rendering can be effiently integrated with parametric audio coders. Last but not least, parametric spatial processing can be used to provide a more convincing spatial reproduction for conventional stereo signals. This paper provides an overview of the perceptual consequences and limitations of HRTF parameterization, its applications, and relevant standardization efforts.


In this study, tomato plant, which is among the most grown vegetables in our country, was chosen as the subject of the research. In the production of tomato, Çukurova region has an increasing production potential in recent years. Therefore, Çukurova region was chosen as the study area. In this study, the long-term temperature and rainfall values of the provinces in the research area constituted the material of the study. Growing Degree-Day (GDD) method was used in the study. The base temperatures were selected for the developmental stages of the tomato plant. GDD values were calculated according to the base temperature values of tomato plant in the developmental periods. The calculated values were examined and the suitability of the provinces in the research area was determined. In line with this information, it was concluded that the province of Mersin stands out. Predetermination of crop production areas and production according to these areas will affect the yield positively. Therefore, the increase of the producer's income will also contribute to the national economy in a positive way. In addition, multiple nonlinear regression equations were developed according to the basic temperature values selected for the growth stages of tomato plant. As a result, by using these equations, it was concluded that the variables that affect GDD values of tomato plant will be informed about the development of tomato in advance.


This paper describes a viewpoint-robust object-based change detection network (OBJ-CDNet). Mobile cameras such as drive recorders capture images from different viewpoints each time due to differences in camera trajectory and shutter timing. However, previous methods for pixel-wise change detection are vulnerable to the viewpoint differences because they assume aligned image pairs as inputs. To cope with the difficulty, we introduce a deep graph matching network that establishes object correspondence between an image pair. The introduction enables us to detect object-wise scene changes without precise image alignment. For more accurate object matching, we propose an epipolar-guided deep graph matching network (EGMNet), which incorporates the epipolar constraint into the deep graph matching layer used in OBJCDNet. To evaluate our network's robustness against viewpoint differences, we created synthetic and real datasets for scene change detection from an image pair. The experimental results verified the effectiveness of our network.


In the main study, hyperthermia was induced by radio-frequency current to obtain a single, central, corneal lesion in the right eye and 2 separate limbal lesions in the left eye of 13 light horses and 8 ponies. Intracorneal and intralimbal temperature profiles for the procedure were obtained in a separate study from the eyes of a horse and a pony treated in the same manner. After treatment of the principal eyes and 6 sham-treated eyes, clinical observations were conducted for up to 6 months, using indirect ophthalmoscopy, biomicroscopy, and fluorescein staining. Immediately after hyperthermic treatment of the eyes, dense opaque imprints of the electrodes of the localized current field device were present. Ulcerative keratitis persisted variably from day 2 through day 6 after treatment; anterior uveitis was present from day 3 through day 7. A mucopurulent discharge occurred infrequently, and conjunctival hyperemia was variable. Depigmentation resulted from hyperthermic treatment at pigmented limbal sites. Small scars persisted at 1 central site and 6 limbal sites where the electrodes were positioned vertically. Vision was not compromised in any of the horses permitted to live beyond a week. Microscopically, denudation and subsequent repair of the corneal epithelium correlated with the presence and then the absence of fluorescein staining. Stromal inflammation, edema, disorganization of collagenous fibers, and temporary disruption of corneal endothelium contributed to transitory corneal opacity. Time required for repair of corneal tissues varied, but all layers were integral 8 days after exposure to hyperthermia. Later changes included choroidal hydrops, vascular damage in conjunctival vessels, stromal neovascularization, and corneal fibroplasia.


Few studies have been specifically devoted to anxiety disorders in the elderly. Nevertheless, various factors can expose this population to relevant levels of anxiety: development of somatic disorders, bereavements, isolation, changes of life, use of anxiogenic drugs, etc. Prevalence rates weaker than in the general population are usually found, but with high rates, however, for generalized anxiety disorder and agoraphobia. The clinical aspect of these anxious states is often dominated by somatic symptoms and complaints, and some topics seem of special concern: fear of death and disease, displacement phobias related to the fear of falling or being attacked. Some consequences should be particularly watched over (diverse somatic affections, depression, dementia, and even suicidal tendencies), which justify an accurate clinical evaluation. Treatment must often be multidisciplinary involving medical but also psychological, and institutional aspects. The therapeutic strategies are largely identical to what they are in the other groups of age. Anxiolytic drugs and antidepressants, cognitive-behavioral therapies can be proposed, even if some adaptation of drug posology or methods of non pharmacological interventions should be needed. Particular attention should be paid to the risk of benzodiazepine dependence, drugs which are widely used by elderly subjects. As a conclusion, anxiety disorders in the elderly present clinical and therapeutic particularities, which require a special approach and the development of specific epidemiological, physiopathologic and therapeutic researches.


We appreciate your interest in our study and drawing the attention of neuroradiologists to our recent article, hence to the evolving field of neuroimmunology in the context of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody–associated demyelinating diseases. Our goal in the referenced article was to emphasize that children with NMOSD might present with clinical and MR imaging findings of ADEM and that neuroradiologists should be aware of this in the differential diagnosis. We think that as neuroradiologists it is our responsibility to suggest the possibility of NMOSD in our radiology reports so that the neurologists or pediatricians would consider antibody testing if they have not already done so. NMOSD is a relapsing autoimmune demyelinating disease, and the morbidity is high after every attack; therefore, antibody testing at the initial attack is tremendously important for timely diagnosis to avoid vision loss, paraplegia, and so forth. In the same context, neuroradiologists should be aware of the recent findings in the field of MOG antibody–associated demyelinating diseases, in which approximately 57% of children diagnosed with ADEM were tested positive for the MOG antibody in a recent large cohort study. Therefore we believe that MOG antibody disease should also be in the differential diagnosis of ADEM in the neuroradiologists' reports when the imaging findings are suggestive. We have known that ADEM is an umbrella term for immune-mediated acute demyelinating diseases of the CNS. As we have seen in NMOSD with historical progression from "NMO is a variant of MS" to "NMO is a distinct antibody-mediated disease targeting Aquaporin 4," we experience the same trend in MOG antibody–associated demyelinating disease in patients with seropositivity with unique and some overlapping imaging findings in patients diagnosed with ADEM. We believe that as more specific causative antibodies are discovered and as we observe different responses to treatments, there will be more emerging specific disease entities. Thank you for your valuable contribution by highlighting a few recent important studies mainly focusing on impact of MOG antibody seropositivity in the course and treatment response of immune-mediated CNS diseases. We also recommend our recently published articles on detailed imaging analysis of MOGrelated encephalitis/encephalomyelitis, myelitis, and optic neuritis. On the other hand, comparative studies particularly focusing on brain MR imaging findings of immune-mediated CNS diseases in children are limited, and future studies with larger cohorts in which MOG-antibody and aquaporin 4-antibody status is specified are needed.


This paper explores the effect of a product dissection activity on design novelty in engineering design. Novelty is an important aspect of design ideation effectiveness. Therefore, identifying the factors that influence novelty will expand the understanding of the design process, as well as improve design pedagogy. Previous studies have found that participation in product dissection activities positively impacted creativity, but did not study creativity in terms of novelty, making it unclear if product dissection activities will impact the novelty of generated designs. Furthermore, although product dissection has been studied in team environments, individual factors such as the personality traits of the team members was not explored for their effect on the exposure to the dissection activity, and hence the effect on the novelty of generated designs. Our empirical experimentation showed that extraverted participants had a higher level of exposure to the body design dissection activity and developed more novel ideas than those who were not extraverts. These results contribute to our understanding on how team-based dissection activities influence the novelty of generated designs in an engineering design setting.Copyright © 2012 by ASME


BACKGROUND
Mitochondrial (MT) dysfunction is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Amyloid-β protein precursor and amyloid-β peptides localize to MT and lead to MT dysfunction in familial forms of AD. This dysfunction may trigger subsequent types of pathology.

OBJECTIVE
To identify the MT phenotypes that occur early in order to help understand the cascade of AD pathophysiology.

METHODS
The 5xFAD mouse model was used to explore the time course of MT pathologies in both sexes. Protein biomarkers for MT dynamics were measured biochemically and MT function was measured using oxygen consumption and ATP assays.

RESULTS
We discovered progressive alterations in mitochondrial dynamics (biogenesis, fission, fusion, and mitophagy) and function (O2 consumption, ATP generation, and Ca2+ import) in the hippocampus of 5xFAD mice in both sexes as early as 2 months of age. Thus, mitochondrial dynamics and function become altered at young ages, consistent with an early role for mitochondria in the AD pathological cascade.

CONCLUSION
Our study offers the baseline information required to understand the hierarchical relationship between the multiple pathologies that develop in this mouse model and provides early biomarkers for MT dysfunction. This will aid in dissecting the temporal cascade of pathologies, understanding sex-specific differences, and in testing the efficacy of putative mitochondrial therapeutics.


In this paper, we are concerned with random sampling of an n dimensional integral point on an $(n-1)$ dimensional simplex according to a multivariate discrete distribution. We employ sampling via Markov chain and propose two "hit-and-run'' chains, one is for approximate sampling and the other is for perfect sampling. We introduce an idea of alternating inequalities and show that a logarithmic separable concave function satisfies the alternating inequalities. If a probability function satisfies alternating inequalities, then our chain for approximate sampling mixes in $\textit{O}(n^2 \textit{ln}(Kɛ^{-1}))$, namely $(1/2)n(n-1) \textit{ln}(K ɛ^{-1})$, where $K$ is the side length of the simplex and $ɛ (0<ɛ<1)$ is an error rate. On the same condition, we design another chain and a perfect sampler based on monotone CFTP (Coupling from the Past). We discuss a condition that the expected number of total transitions of the chain in the perfect sampler is bounded by $\textit{O}(n^3 \textit{ln}(Kn))$.


Abstract Patients with Turner syndrome (TS) are known to be at risk for excess androgen production and virilization associated with gonadoblastoma and Y chromosome mosaicism, and excess androgens are a risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. However, virilization and hepatocellular carcinoma have not been described in a patient with TS. A 10-year-old with nonmosaic 45,X TS presented with clitoromegaly, accelerated linear growth velocity, advanced bone age, and elevated testosterone levels as well as a second occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma. Gonadectomy was performed, and pathology revealed hilus cell hyperplasia. Immunohistochemical staining of both the original and recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma tissues was diffusely positive for androgen receptors. After gonadectomy, testosterone levels were measurable but normal, with no further virilization; however, the liver mass continued to grow. Ovarian hilus cell hyperplasia should be considered a potential etiology for virilization in the TS population. Excess endogenous testosterone exposure in girls and women with TS may be associated with hepatocellular carcinoma expressing the androgen receptor, though normalizing testosterone levels may not lead to tumor regression in these cases.


I TABLE OF CONTENTS II ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS V LIST OF FIGURES VI LIST OF TABLES VII 1 CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1 1.


THE INGESTION of foreign bodies by children is not an uncommon presenting complaint. Diagnosis is usually simple, but removal presents problems. "Esophagoscopy is a dangerous procedure and not to be undertaken lightly,"1yet blind methods of removing foreign bodies are extremely dangerous and widely decried.2 We have recently had success with an independently conceived, simple method confirming a similar approach by Bigler.3 Report of a Case A 2-year-old child was brought to the F. E. Warren Air Force Base emergency room shortly after having swallowed a penny. The child was in no distress and the presence of the coin was confirmed by posteroanterior and lateral roentgenograms (Fig 1 and 2), showing the coin at the level of the first and second thoracic vertebrae. The child had eaten approximately one hour before ingesting the coin. A postingestion bread feeding failed to move the coin into the stomach, as


Today it is more and more preferred to preserve teeth with promising prognosis rather than to extract them. The efficiency and the precision of retreatment files to remove filling material are important factors of successful treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of MaxWire® alloy file in removing root canal filling material after retreatment with endodontic retreatment instruments. Distal roots of twenty human mandibular molars with single and straight canals were selected for this study. All canals were instrumented up to #40/.04 with Bio-race system and apical preparation was finished with Kfile #50/.02. Obturation was performed using lateral condensation technique with ADSEAL sealer. Radiographs were performed in buccolingual and mesiodistal directions with periapical X-ray after obuturation. Teeth were randomly divided into two groups with ten teeth in each. Group 1: removal of root canal filling material was performed using D-race system. Group 2: removal of root canal filling material was performed using D-race system following XP endo Finisher R instrument. Radiographs were performed after retreatment. Residual material was calculated in percentage left in canals. Statistical significance between the two groups were analyzed with t-test. Remnants of root canal filling material was observed in both groups: 38.90% in Group 1 and 13.71% in Group 2, respectively. There was a significant difference between the groups in term of the total root canal filling material (p<0.05). MaxWire® alloy file significantly increased the amount of removed root canal filling material after retreatment with endodontic retreatment instruments.


Motivated both by industrial applications and the challenge of new problems, one observes an increasing interest in the field of image and surface processing over the last years. It has become clear that even though the applications areas differ significantly the methodological overlap is enormous. Even if contributions to the field come from almost any discipline in mathematics, a major role is played by partial differential equations and in particular by geometric and variational modeling and by their numerical counterparts. The aim of the workshop was to gather a group of leading experts coming from mathematics, engineering and computer graphics to cover the main developments. Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): 35Q80, 49Q10, 49Q20, 65D18, 65K10, 65M60, 65M32,


Syringaldehyde is a promising aromatic aldehyde that no longer deserves to remain in obscurity. It possesses worthy bioactive properties and is, therefore, used in pharmaceuticals, food, cosmetics, textiles, pulp and paper industries, and even in biological control applications. Mostly, the synthetic form of syringaldehyde is being used. This review serves as an appraisal of potential research and commercialization of naturally occurring syringaldehyde beyond the scope of the food and cosmetic industries. This article also provides a comprehensive account of the various conventional extraction and chromatographic techniques used in the separation, isolation, and quantification of syringaldehyde. Further, to understand this unique compound, a brief outline on the natural formation of syringaldehyde in lignin is accentuated in this article.


EEG analysis has played a key role in the modeling of the brain's cortical dynamics, but relatively little effort has been devoted to developing EEG as a limited means of communication. If several mental states can be reliably distinguished by recognizing patterns in EEG, then a paralyzed person could communicate to a device like a wheelchair by composing sequences of these mental states. EEG pattern recognition is a difficult problem and hinges on the success of finding representations of the EEG signals in which the patterns can be distinguished. In this article, we report on a study comparing three EEG representations, the raw signals, a reduced-dimensional representation using the K-L transform, and a frequency-based representation. Classification is performed with a two-layer neural network implemented on a CNAPS server (128 processor, SIMD architecture) by Adaptive Solutions, Inc.. The best classification accuracy on untrained samples is 73% using the frequency-based representation.


This exploratory study examined the information-seeking and information-use behaviors of individuals who work with oral histories. Eighteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with scholars and archivists. The study identified a range of interrelated tasks that these users engage in, including: question formulation, discovery of collections, information-seeking within collections, working with tapes, working with transcripts, use of other primary source materials in conjunction with oral histories, the creation of original oral histories, note-taking, and analysis. Finally, this paper discusses the implications of these user behaviors for oral history repositories.


There is now extensive evidence of activation of platelet and the coagulation cascade with coronary thrombosis, and further activation with exogenous thrombolysis. Administration of aspirin and heparin has been shown to improve mortality when combined with thrombolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction, probably by enhancing lysis and reducing subsequent reocclusion of infarct related artery. Most studies have evaluated the effect of aspirin or heparin in combination with streptokinase. These results can probably be extrapolated to rtPA, as it has much shorter, half live, and induces lower systemic lytic state. Although aspirin and heparin have been tested independently, they probably have a synergistic action post fibrinolysis. With current information it is mandatory to include aspirin in the treatment of AMI, with or with out thrombolytic treatment. Intravenous administration of heparin seems justified, specially if rtPA is used as fibrinolytic agent. Potent new drugs capable of inhibiting platelets an the coagulation cascade emerge as a promising future. Until their effect is clinically proven, aspirin and i.v. heparin should remain as adjunctive therapy to fibrinolytic treatment in AMI.


1 The years following the introduction of the daguerreotype in 1839 saw the emergence of two alternative discourses on photography: on the one hand, "photorealism, 11 which equated daguerreotypy with a faithful mimesis of the visible and emphasized its unprecedented capacity for representing surface detail; on the other hand, the lesser-known "photo-fantastic. 11 While the latter did not deny the new medium's great mimetic potential, it redefined that potential as the power of making visible the unseen. One of the most interesting examples is Nathaniel Hawthorne's 1851 romance The House of the Seven Gables. Connecting daguerreotypy with mesmerism another form of arcane knowledge recently imported to the US from France -, Hawthorne ftctionalizes photographic representation as a modern form of magic, able to reveal hidden aspects of reality. The daguerreotypes described in the novel give insight into the secret character of the person photographed, showing the charismatic Judge Pyncheon to be the modern-day equivalent of his ruthless seventeenth-century ancestor Colonel Pyncheon, and thus eventually provide a means to exorcize the ghosts of the past.


AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
This discursive paper provides a call to action from an international collective of Indigenous nurse academics from Australia, Canada, Aotearoa New Zealand and the USA, for nurses to be allies in supporting policies and resources necessary to equitably promote Indigenous health outcomes.

BACKGROUND
Indigenous Peoples with experiences of colonisation have poorer health compared to other groups, as health systems have failed to address their needs and preferences. Achieving health equity will require leadership from Indigenous nurses to develop and implement new systems of care delivery. However, little is known about how Indigenous nurses influence health systems as levers for change.

DESIGN
A Kaupapa Māori case study design.

METHODS
Using a Kaupapa Māori case study methodology, coupled with expert Indigenous nursing knowledge, we developed a consensus on key themes. Themes were derived from three questions posed across the four countries. Themes were collated to illustrate how Indigenous nurses have provided nursing leadership to redress colonial injustices, contribute to models of care and enhance the Indigenous workforce.

RESULTS
These case studies highlight Indigenous nurses provide strong leadership to influence outcomes for Indigenous Peoples. Five strategies were noted across the four countries: (1) Indigenous nationhood and reconciliation as levers for change, (2) Indigenous nursing leadership, (3) Indigenous workforce strategies, (4) Development of culturally safe practice and Indigenous models of care and (5) Indigenous nurse activism.

CONCLUSIONS
In light of 2020 declared International Year of the Nurse and Midwife, we assert Indigenous nurses' work must be visible to support development of strategic approaches for improving health outcomes, including resources for workforce expansion and for implementing new care models.

RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
Curating strategies to promote Indigenous nurse leaders around the world is essential for improving models of healthcare delivery and health outcomes for Indigenous Peoples.


Koeberlinia , comprising a single xerophytic species K. spinosa , had previously been placed in various families, mainly Capparaceae. Current molecular evidence now places it in its own family Koeberliniaceae, thought to be related to the Bataceae/Salvadoraceae among the 17 other families of the Brassicales. We investigated 55 embryological characters of the genus, most of which are not understood yet, and thereby assessed its systematic relationships. Koeberlinia has many embryological features in common with the Capparaceae and seven other core-Brassicalean families (i.e., Brassicaceae, Cleomaceae, Emblingiaceae, Gyrostemonaceae, Pentadiplandraceae, Resedaceae, and Tovariaceae), specifi cally by possessing a campylotropous ovule with a nonmultiplicative (two-cell-layered) outer integument, reniform seeds with a curved embryo, and a fi brous exotegmen in the mature seed coat. However, Koeberlinia is clearly distinguished from them by a tenuinucellate rather than crassinucellate ovule as previously reported, markedly enlarged apical nucellar epidermal cells, and an " exotestal " seed coat. Embryologically, Koeberlinia resembles neither the Bataceae nor the Salvadoraceae, although only limited embryological data are available for these two families. Embryological evidence thus favors its joining the core Brassicales, but additional molecular analyses and embryological studies on the missing data of the Bataceae and Salvadoraceae are needed for fi nal confi rmation of its phylogenetic position.


We present a combinatorial problem which consists in finding irreducible Krajewski diagrams from finite geometries. This problem boils down to placing arrows into a quadratic array with some additional constrains. The Krajewski diagrams play a central role in the description of finite noncommutative geometries. They allow to localise the standard model of particle physics within the set of all Yang-Mills-Higgs models.


Although the development of minimally invasive surgery in children initially lagged behind those in adults, we have now seen massive and significant catch up over the past 10 years. For thoracic diseases, thoracoscopy is the norm for many advanced centres in the world. In this review, we describe the evolution of thoracoscopic lobectomy in children.


We develop combinatorial tools to study the relationship between the Stanley depth of a monomial ideal $I$ and the Stanley depth of its compliment, $S/I$. Using these results we are able to prove that if $S$ is a polynomial ring with at most 5 indeterminates and $I$ is a square-free monomial ideal, then the Stanley depth of $S/I$ is strictly larger than the Stanley depth of $I$. Using a computer search, we are able to extend this strict inequality up to polynomial rings with at most 7 indeterminates. This partially answers questions asked by Propescu and Qureshi as well as Herzog.