Juveniles who are rowdy, who commit crime, abuse drugs, have difficulty functioning in school or in the home are the subject of constant attention: from indignant voices in newspaper reports, to demands in parliament for action, all the way to the informal conversations at the lunch table and in the home in front of the television. This dissertation is about society?s attempts to normalize them, in a time when institutional care has gained a bad reputation. All over the western world there are attempts to replace institutions with qualified non-institutional measures. In Sweden a rather broad range of activities has emerged under designations such as home-based solutions, intermediary care or simply alternatives to institutional care. Among these we can find both all-embracing and innovative endeavours and more limited expansions of established patterns of thought. Although there are numerous studies of individual ventures, often in the form of project evaluations, there are no approaches with an overall perspective on the field. This dissertation seeks to remedy this by studying ideas articulated when activities are planned and how daily life between juveniles and employees is formed in a typical home-based solution. These studies are conceptualized through a description of the development of juvenile care during the 20th century. The study is based on the methods of discourse analysis and focuses on how communication is shaped and given a specific function in an institutional order. The first study shows how the social worker as a rescuing subject is linked with the juvenile as an object needing rescue through the technology involved in the home-based solution. Four main forms of home-based care are identified in accordance with the way they relate to the mother organization (integrated ? free-standing), and the way they handle problems that arise (ad hoc ? a priori). The study of the special school ?Pilen? analyses in detail how everyday life is shaped and maintained. Therapeutic work is perceived in the dissertation as actions accompanied by power with the intention of achieving dominance within a social space. In the special school it becomes evident how the employees? claims for power encounter the juveniles? counter-power, and how this is expressed in a reciprocal positioning game. The juveniles often have great potential to neutralize the employees? direct interventions. At the same time, they have little opportunity to change the social and cultural framework which dictates why they are there ? and hence also little opportunity to avoid being captured in the category of ?problem children?. In this way the special school was simultaneously a sanctuary from the excessive pressures of ordinary school and a place of banishment from it, and from what is perceived as the reference of normality.


Purpose The Idaho State University Physician Assistant (PA) program was one of the first PA programs in the country to incorporate medication-assisted treatment (MAT) into its curriculum. This manuscript documents the impact of the course. Methods In the spring and summer of 2018, 61 students and 12 local providers enrolled in an elective MAT course developed by Idaho State University. All completed the training. At the end of the course, only the students submitted reflective essays. Results A review and coding of the essays indicated that MAT education increased knowledge about addiction and resulted in self-reported decreases in negative attitudes towards people with addictions. Conclusion PA programs can support communities' increased capacity to offer MAT. A widely available course appears to result in important gains in both knowledge and attitude.


Climate changes are altering the chemistry of the oceans, and knowing their effects on the biology of animals is urgent. Since the physiological responses of crustaceans may be different given the seasons of the year, this work evaluated the synergistic effect of ocean acidification and seasonality on the physiology of the sea-bob shrimp, Xiphopenaeus kroyeri . Experimental groups were exposed for 5 days to two levels of pH, representing present-day mean ambient conditions (pH 8.0) and distant-future conditions (pH 7.3) during the summer and winter. Metabolism, nitrogen excretion, energy type and storage were determined, respectively, by oxygen consumption, ammonia excretion, atomic ratio O/N and hepatosomatic index. The reduction of pH resulted in a decrease of about 30% in the X. kroyeri metabolism during the summer and winter. Nitrogen excretion (reduction of 40%) and hepatosomatic index (increase of 120%) showed to be altered in animals exposed to reduced pH only throughout summer. Regardless of pH and seasons of the year, animals use mainly proteins as energy substrate and they do not show mortality. The increase of the hepatosomatic index, indicator of the accumulation of energy reserves, associated with metabolism reduction, suggests the suppression of activities that demand energy expenditure. The consequences of the physiological alterations observed may include decreases in growth and reproduction rate and displacement of populations to more appropriate conditions. The results might be associated with a set of factors resulting from the exposure to reduced pH, the synergy between pH and temperature, but also with a pattern of different physiological responses that may occur according to seasonality.


5G is the next generation mobile network that enables
innovation and supports progressive change across all
vertical industries and across our society. Through its
Radio Access Network (RAN) design and its orchestrated
end-to-end architecture, it has the potential to boost innovation and generate economic growth in the European economy. The 5G service models support agility and dynamicity, thereby impacting the granularity, duration and trustworthiness of business relationships. The ability to combine private and public networks and data centres across multiple domains in a secure and controlled way facilitates collaborative business processes. It reshapes the digital business ecosystem with new value chains linking stakeholders from the telecommunications world and the vertical industries in win-win situations. New stakeholders emerge in this evolved ecosystem, for example cloud companies and software houses that profit from the cloudification and virtualization of the infrastructure, and brokers that facilitate sharing of spectrum and trading of connectivity and processing resources. Small and medium-sized enterprises and start-ups are able to embed 5G in their innovative products and services for existing and new customers and markets, leveraging on the Anything as a Service (XaaS) model.


This paper addresses the measurement of partial discharges (PD) for a range of low frequencies of applied voltage and explores the frequency dependence of PD patterns for a few objects. The aim is to determine the existence of frequency-dependent trends in PD patterns and how these trends can be expressed through use of statistical parameters calculated from the PD patterns. An experimental setup was developed to measure phase-resolved PD patterns for a range of low frequencies, from 1 mHz to 100 Hz. Tests were performed on a few PD-infested objects, including a corona gap, a needle-film object, and a generator stator bar, to demonstrate the measuring system and analysis methods. Statistical operators were used to quantify the PD patterns, and the resulting parameters were then considered as functions of frequency.


Several methods (light optic, electron microscope and electrophysiological) were used to study the optic nerve and the tectum opticum of water turtles (two species) and of land tortoises (two species). As the result of study of the two levels of the visual analyser in four species of Chelonia three groups of signs of the morpho-functional organization were distinguished: signs common for the Chelonia under study; ecologically specific signs--common for water turtles and species-specific traits which are--different in species of the same ecological group. Specific features of structural-functional organization of the visually directed behaviour in Chelonia at the neuronal populations level were shown to correlate with the ecological features to a greater degree than with the systematic position of the species.


Dyskeratosis congenita (DC) is an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome that is characterized by lacey reticular hyperpigmentation of the skin, dystrophic nails, mucous membrane leukoplakia and pancytopenia. Diagnosis may be delayed until clinical signs are apparent. Severe pancytopenia frequently causes early mortality of DC patients, who have an increased risk of developing oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Several case reports have described oral changes in DC, which include oral leukoplakia, increased dental caries, hypodontia, thin enamel structure, aggressive periodontitis, intraoral brown pigmentation, tooth loss, taurodontism and blunted roots. We determined the prevalence of these previously reported findings in a cohort of 17 patients with DC and 23 family members. The most common oral changes in DC patients were oral leukoplakia (65% of the entire DC population), decreased root/crown ratio (75% with sufficient tooth development) and mild taurodontism (57% with sufficient tooth development). From the clinical perspective, a diagnosis of DC or other inherited bone marrow failure syndrome should be considered in young persons with oral leukoplakia, particularly those with no history of smoking. Multiple permanent teeth with decreased root/crown ratios further suggest DC.


The Aurizon (formerly QR National) Workshops in Rockhampton is a large rail heavy maintenance facility where the primary function is to repair and modify rollingstock. As the workshops are in close proximity to the Central Queensland coal fields most of the rollingstock presented are coal wagons and locomotives. Due to the fact that most of the rollingstock in the workshop yard is unpowered an external power source in the form of a rail mounted shunt vehicle is used to place the rollingstock in the desired location. The site has two shunt vehicles, a DN 300 and a DN 100. Both vehicles are designed for on road and on track operation. The on track operation is facilitated by the rubber road tyres contacting the track to provide traction with the on track guidance provided by hi-rail wheels front and rear.

Both machines have derailed during normal operations heightening the risk of possible injury as well as causing major disruptions to production as the machine is quarantined for investigation following a derailment. Management are therefore very keen to try and establish a root cause of these derailments. The focus of this preliminary report is to provide an update on the investigations into the root causes of these derailments.


Blue-light (BL)-dependent H+ pumping in guard-cell protoplasts (GCPs) from Vicia faba was inhibited by 65% in the presence of abscisic acid (ABA). The inhibition increased with the time after application of ABA and was concentration dependent with a saturating concentration of 1 [mu]M at pH 6.2. The inhibition was nearly independent of the pH of the medium in the range 5.4 to 7.2 when ABA was applied at 10 [mu]M, whereas it was dependent on pH when the ABA concentration was decreased. The protonated form of ABA was saturating at 40 nM in inhibiting BL-dependent H+ pumping under various experimental conditions, whereas the dissociated form at 500 nM had no inhibitory effect on the pumping, suggesting that the protonated form of ABA is the form active in inhibiting the pumping. Fusicoccin (10 [mu]M), an activator of plasma membrane H+-ATPase, induced H+ pumping from GCPs, and the rate of H+ pumping was decreased to 70% by ABA. In contrast, ABA did not inhibit H+ pumping in isolated microsome vesicles from GCPs. These results suggest that the inhibition of BL-dependent H+ pumping by ABA in GCPs may be due to indirect inactivation of plasma membrane H+-ATPase and/or inhibition of the BL-signaling pathway. The pump inhibition by ABA causes membrane depolarization and can be an initial step to induce stomatal closure and reduces the transpirational water loss under drought stress in the daytime.


Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of polymorphisms affecting the clopidogrel metabolism (CYP3A4 IVS10+12G/A and CYP2C19*2) and the P2Y12 receptor (P2Y12 T744C) on modulating platelet function in acute coronary syndrome patients on dual antiplatelet treatment. Background Residual platelet reactivity (RPR) phenomenon on antiplatelet therapy requires clarification. P2Y12 T744C, CYP3A4 IVS10+12G/A and, in healthy individuals only, CYP2C19*2 polymorphisms have been investigated; however, the influence on platelet reactivity in a large population of high-risk vascular patients on dual antiplatelet treatment has not yet been elucidated. Methods A total of 1419 acute coronary syndrome patients on dual antiplatelet treatment were studied. Platelet function was evaluated by platelet-rich plasma aggregation. Electronic nanochips and restriction-fragment length polymorphism were used for analysis of polymorphisms. Results Only CYP2C19*2, out of the three investigated polymorphisms, is associated with higher platelet reactivity. Carriers of the *2 allele had significantly higher platelet aggregation values after arachidonic acid (AA; P=0.043), 2 μmol/l adenosine 5′ diphosphate (ADP; P<0.0001) and 10 μmol/l ADP (P=0.001) stimuli. The genotype distribution of CYP2C19*2 polymorphism significantly differed between patients with and without RPR, as evaluated by 10-μmol/l ADP-induced platelet aggregation (P=0.002) and by AA-induced platelet aggregation (P=0.045). At the multivariate linear regression analysis, the CYP2C19*2 polymorphism remained a significant and independent risk factor for dual antiplatelet treatment variability. Conclusions This study demonstrates, for the first time, that the *2 CYP2C19 allele is associated with higher platelet aggregability and RPR in high-risk vascular patients on dual antiplatelet treatment. These findings can have a significant impact on the future design of pharmacogenetic antiaggregant strategies for high-risk vascular patients on dual antiplatelet treatment.


In meiosis, DNA double-strand break (DSB) formation by Spo11 initiates recombination and enables chromosome segregation. Numerous factors are required for Spo11 activity, and couple the DSB machinery to the development of a meiosis-specific 'axis-tethered loop' chromosome organisation. Through in vitro reconstitution and budding yeast genetics, we here provide architectural insight into the DSB machinery by focussing on a foundational DSB factor, Mer2. We characterise the interaction of Mer2 with the histone reader Spp1, and show that Mer2 directly associates with nucleosomes, likely highlighting a contribution of Mer2 to tethering DSB factors to chromatin. We reveal the biochemical basis of Mer2 association with Hop1, a HORMA domain-containing chromosomal axis factor. Finally, we identify a conserved region within Mer2 crucial for DSB activity, and show that this region of Mer2 interacts with the DSB factor Mre11. In combination with previous work, we establish Mer2 as a keystone of the DSB machinery by bridging key protein complexes involved in the initiation of meiotic recombination.


This study examines the indexing of open access journals in the engineering disciplines. The sample used in this study was generated from a title listing pulled from the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) in late 2013. Indexing data from four prominent commercial databases in the discipline, Compendex, Web of Science, Inspec, and Scopus, were gathered in late 2017. The four-year interval was a critical component to the methodology, in that it provided sufficient time for these open journals to establish themselves in the research marketplace and earn the attention of leading indexers. The study found that while no single database provided excellent coverage of the open access content, in aggregate, the four databases indexed journals currently listed by the DOAJ reasonably well. The study also found that the four commercial databases indexed current DOAJ content at a much higher rate than content that was no longer listed in the DOAJ.


This essay pays particular attention to Iran's role in the Anglo-American strategy in the Gulf and in the foreign policy plans of Washington and London. This role changed with the construction of a new equilibrium, made necessary by the London government's decision to pull its own troops out of that area by 1971. The text makes a distinction between the interests which were common to the countries of the " special relationship " (which responded to a Cold War logic and which made it necessary to protect the area from possible Soviet penetration) and the specific interests (which reflected the peculiarity of the American and British economies, and which obliged Great Britain to have a global vision which was indissolubly linked to relations with the Commonwealth ). The author intends to demonstrate how Iran played a key role in the parallel paths of both collective interest and specific United States and British interest: not only did the application of the Nixon doctrine in the Gulf elevate Iran to the role of "Police State", favouring the maintaining of the regional status quo , but it also guaranteed the pursuit of Washington and London's specific objectives, including the strengthening of the recently created British system. The functioning of the new strategy found fertile grounds in the Shah's objectives of power and in the availability of petrodollars which he had at his disposal at the start of the 1970s. The final objective is that of identifying (through the citing of American and British diplomatic sources) the aspects which favoured the meeting of interests between the United States, Great Britain and Iran, and, therefore determined the efficacy of the " Twin Pillars policy ".


Budget constraints and difficulty raising taxes limit school districts from expanding education programming even when research shows that additional expenditures would generate economic benefits that are greater than costs. Recently, coalitions of private investors, philanthropists, education practitioners, and government finance analysts have emerged to create opportunities to expand education services that promise high rates of social net benefits without raising taxes or reducing other expenditures. These collaborators have a strong interest in obtaining careful estimates of educational program effectiveness. We describe the use of social-impact borrowing to increase access to the Child-Parent Center preschool-through-third-grade intervention for at-risk students in the Chicago Public School District. The partners include the city, school district, investors, nonprofit organizations, and a university. The key to the feasibility of social-impact borrowing is the ability to document that early intervention can reduce the need for later special-education services. With the help of private investors and nonprofit organizations, it is possible for public school districts to finance services with funds from private sources and use future cost savings to repay this debt. We discuss how social-impact borrowing is being used in Chicago and in Salt Lake County as the nation's first two instances of using pay-for-performance social-impact borrowing to support early education.


Microglial cells have a double life as the immune cells of the brain in times of stress but have also specific physiological functions in homeostatic conditions. In pathological contexts, microglia undergo a phenotypic switch called "reaction" that promotes the initiation and the propagation of neuro‐inflammation. Reaction is complex, molecularly heterogeneous and still poorly characterized, leading to the concept that microglial reactivity might be too diverse to be molecularly defined. However, it remains unknown whether reactive microglia from different pathological contexts share a common molecular signature. Using improved flow cytometry and RNAseq approaches we studied, with higher statistical power, the remodeling of microglia transcriptome in a mouse model of sepsis. Through bioinformatic comparison of our results with published datasets, we defined the microglial reactome as a set of genes discriminating reactive from homeostatic microglia. Ultimately, we identified a subset of 86 genes deregulated in both acute and neurodegenerative conditions. Our data provide a new comprehensive resource that includes functional analysis and specific molecular markers of microglial reaction which represent new tools for its unambiguous characterization.


A new method of solid phase extraction (SPE), using crosslinked carboxymethyl starch as adsorbent, combined with direct slurry sampling graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (ss-GFAAS) has been developed for the high sensitive determination of lead in water samples. The SPE adsorbent loaded with the analyte was made in to slurry with the assistance of Triton X-100. The slurry was directly injected into the graphite furnace for the determination of lead. Variables such as the pH, sample volume, and amount of Crosslinked Carboxymethyl Starch (CCMS) were investigated. The detection limit (3σ) was 0.082 μg L-1 and the RSD was 4.9% (n = 11, c = 1.0 mg L-1) for Pb(II). The enrichment factor was 100 at a sample volume of 100 mL. The proposed method has been applied to the determination of lead in environmental water reference materials and two water samples with satisfied results.


While long term erosion rates of bedrock material may be estimated by dating methods, current day erosion rates are – if at all available – based on rough estimates or on point measurements. Precise quantification of short term erosion rates are required to improve our understanding of short term processes, for input in landscape evolution models, as well as for studying the mechanics and efficiency of different erosion processes in varying geomorphological settings. Typical current day erosion rates in the European Alps range from sub-millimetre to several millimetres per year depending on the dominant erosion processes. The level of surveying accuracy required for recurring sub-millimetre to millimetre measurements in the field is demanding. A novel surveying setup for in-situ measurement of bedrock erosion was tested recently in three different locations in Switzerland. Natural bedrock was investigated in the Gornera gorge close to Zermatt. Further on, bedrock samples were installed in exposed locations in the Erlenbach research watershed close to Einsiedeln, and in the Illgraben debris flow channel, located in the Canton Schwyz and Valais, respectively. A twofold measurement approach was chosen for all locations. For the first setup control points providing an absolute reference frame for recurrent measurements were embedded close to the area of interest. Close range photogrammetry was applied to measure surface changes on the bedrock samples. The precision for surface measurements in the field was 0.1 mm (1 σ) and thus suitable for the application. The equipment needed for the surveys can easily be carried to the field. At one field site a structured light scanner was used along with the photogrammetric setup. Although the current generation of structured light scanners appeared less suitable for field application, data acquisition was much faster and checking the data for completeness in the field was straight forward. The latest generation of compact structured light scanners will probably be most suitable for similar applications.


Borrowers realize statistically significant, positive abnormal returns around the announcement date of line-of-credit agreements with banks, and several explanations have been proposed. Little evidence exists, however, on the influence of these agreements on the counterparty, the lending institution, and still less has examined borrower and lender returns jointly. Our paper fills that void. Our evidence suggests that lenders suffer statistically significant losses during the two-day announcement period around such agreements. These losses tend to be concentrated on infrequent lenders. These firms make relatively few deals during the sample period, and relatively few per unit of time. Returns for lenders that execute many agreements are not statistically different from zero. Our evidence suggests that lenders that keep in constant touch with the market for these line-of-credit agreements either have or develop a comparative advantage in engineering them. Future research might well focus on understanding the determinants of this advantage.


Traditional STEM academic programs have a large discrepancy in participation and engagement between low-income and minority students as compared to their peers from other demographics. This underrepresentation is visible beginning in the classroom and carrying through to higher education and the STEM workforce. The Ware Research Group previously studied the STEM learning environments of low-income communities in Lafayette, IN. Study results suggested that traditionally structured classroom environments were not effective in achieving high levels of participation and engagement in STEM material. To address this deficit, the research group is observing how community-centered STEM programs affect participation and engagement from low-income and minority students. The research group is using FIRST LEGO League (FLL), an internationally recognized STEM program for students in grades 4-8, as the vehicle for STEM education. Two FLL teams have been established in community centers serving the same communities previously studied by the research group. These teams focus on the STEM curriculum developed for the FLL program, focusing on action-based projects and the development of STEM and soft skills. The participating students on the teams range in age from 9-14 and offer a snapshot of the community demographic. This study is collecting qualitative data on student growth based on STEM engagement and overall educational outcomes. The team hypothesized students will see measurable improvements in skills such as programming, critical thinking, and communication. Thus far, qualitative observations have supported the hypothesis; however, the study will need to continue before making final conclusions. Community-based STEM programs may improve student representation in STEM programs and fields. If this study is proven to be successful, it could provide a resource for developing similar community-based stem programming.


water temperature (both horizontal and vertical) profile to analyze some oceanographic phenomena
such as up-welling process and its relationship to its seasonal variability and spatial distribution was
inevitable. Especially to avoid the misleading interpretation of using only sea surface temperature data
for deep water fish biomass distribution analysis, etc. Field SST data of July – August 1997 was
measured by CTD (Conductivity-Temperature-Depth) sensors on board of RV. BARUNA JAYA IV with
accuracy of 0.01 °C. Field SST data of 2002 and 2007 was derived from TRITON Buoy data base with
permission of Jamstec-Japan. All field and TRITON buoy SST data were processed into a spatial SST
layer using Kriging method with Er_Mapper (Licensed user) software, and overlaid on the bathymetric
layer. Average daily SST east monsoon 1997 (El Nino event) was 28.46°C, where as presumably La
Nina event 2002 : the average daily SST was 29.75°C and for 2007 was : 29.83°C indicates a higher
SST than both 1997 and 2002. Average daily SST of west monsoon 2007 was 29.69°C. Daily SST of
2007 east monsoon was about 0.08 - 0.5°C higher than the same season of 2002 (TRITON Buoy data).
The paper analyze and revealed the fate / occurrence of up welling zone in adjacent of Halmahera
islands as well as the Hot Event (HE) phenomena through the analysis based on multi-layer and subsurface
horizontal of both horizontal and vertical temperature of the field measurement 1997 and 2002
and 2007 TRITON data. Spatial multi-depth-layer approach had been developed in the paper is
important for the analysis of deep water large pelagic fishery such as tuna fishery and its spatial
distribution pattern.


Biodegradation of phenol using bacteria is recognized as an efficient, environmentally friendly and cost-effective approach for reducing phenol pollutants compared to the current conventional physicochemical processes adopted. A potential phenol degrading bacterial strain Glutamicibacter nicotianae MSSRFPD35 was isolated and identified from Canna indica rhizosphere grown in distillery effluent contaminated sites. It showed high phenol degrading efficiency up to 1117 mg L–1 within 60 h by the secretion of catechol 1,2-dioxygenase via ortho intradial pathway. The strain MSSRFPD35 possess both the catechol 1,2 dioxygenase and catechol 2,3 dioxygenase coding genes that drive the ortho and meta pathways, but the enzymatic assay revealed that the strain cleaves catechol via ortho pathway. Haldane's kinetic method was well fit to exponential growth data and the following kinetic parameter was obtained: μ∗ = 0.574 h–1, Ki = 268.1, Ks = 20.29 mg L–1. The true μmax and Sm were calculated as 0.37 h–1 and 73.76 mg L–1, respectively. The Haldane's constant values were similar to earlier studies and healthy fitness depicted in correlation coefficient value R2 of 0.98. Phenol degrading kinetic's was predicted using Haldane's model as qmax 0.983, Ki′ 517.5 and Ks′ 9.152. Further, MSSRFPD35 was capable of utilizing different monocyclic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and to degrade phenol in the presence of different heavy metals. This study for the first time reports high phenol degrading efficiency of G. nicotianae MSSRFPD35 in the presence of toxic heavy metals. Thus, the strain G. nicotianae MSSRFPD35 can be exploited for the bioremediation of phenol and its derivatives polluted environments, co-contaminated with heavy metals.


A key question in categorisation is to what extent people categorise in the same way, or differently. This paper examines categorisation of the body in Punjabi, an Indo-European language spoken in Pakistan and India. First, an inventory of body part terms is presented, illustrating how Punjabi speakers segment and categorise the body. There are some noteworthy terms in the inventory, which illustrate categories in Punjabi that are unusual when compared to other languages presented in this volume. Second, Punjabi speakers' conceptualisation of the relationship between body parts is explored. While some body part terms are viewed as being partonomically related, others are viewed as being in a locative relationship. It is suggested that there may be key ways in which languages differ in both the categorisation of the body into parts, and in how these parts are related to one another. 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


A method for predicting the elastic properties of textile-reinforced composites is presented with applications. The method is a modification of a Fabric Geometry Model (FGM) [1–3] that relates fiber architecture and material properties of textile-reinforced composites to its global stiffness matrix through micromechanics and stiffness averaging technique. The FGM, although proven to be a quick and successful method [4], suffers two major drawbacks: 1. incompatibility of the basic transverse isotropy assumption with the theoretical mathematical derivation, (i.e., the mathematical derivation produces elastic constants that do not exhibit transverse isotropy) and 2. inconsistency of the transformation matrices associated with the stiffness calculations (i.e., the technique is not sufficiently robust to handle all cases). In this paper, these problems are discussed and solutions are presented. Comparison between stiffness and compliance averaging approaches is investigated. Moreover, predictions using the Self-Consistent FGM are compared with experimental data available in literature.


Vector space model allows computing a continuous degree of similarity between queries and retrieved documents and then ranks the documents in increasing order of cosine (similarity) value. It computes cosine or similarity value using their cosine function. The cosine function computes the similarity value by computing the weight of each term in the documents using a weighting scheme but it is a complex process to compute the weight of each term in the documents. It is also found that sometimes it fails to compute a similarity score, Firstly if there is only one document in the corpus and query terms match with the document and secondly, if the number of documents containing query terms and total number of documents retrieved are equal. To address this problem in order to improve the performance, we proposed an enhanced approach for computation of cosine or similarity value by enhancing the vector space model. Our work intends to analyze and implement our proposed method in performance evaluation of three search engines Google, Yahoo and MSN. To verify our method, we compared our proposed method with a manually computed relevance score and found that our evaluations match with manual method.


Hindeodus parvus and Hindeodus typicalis occur in a deep‐water chert and claystone section in the Mino Terrane, Japan, which has been identified as a Jurassic accretionary complex. Conodont fossils are preserved as natural assemblages of impression fossils on bedding planes in claystone. In this study, 13 assemblages of Hindeodus species were recognized, comprising at most 13 elements which generally maintain the original composition and structure of an apparatus. We discriminated pairs of carminiscaphate P1, angulate P2 and makellate M elements, as well as a single alate S0 element and two digyrate and four bipennate elements constituting the S array. Although the digyrate and bipennate elements are preserved in the S2 and S3–4 positions, respectively, a pair of S1 elements was not found due to incompleteness in the natural assemblages. The conodont biostratigraphy indicates that the lithological boundary between chert and claystone units in the study section corresponds exactly to the Permian–Triassic boundary.


Summary This report reviews organic production and consumption with particular focus on organic dairy farming in Denmark (DK) and New Zealand (NZ). A brief introduction describes the current world wide status of organic production and consumption. This is followed by a literature review of the Danish and NZ market situations within organic – and in particular dairy - farming. Organic dairy farming is very developed within DK, whereas it is only just beginning in NZ. The Danish experiences are used to define scenarios for future development within NZ. These scenarios are modelled in the Lincoln Trade and Environment Model (LTEM), resulting in estimates of NZ dairy producer returns derived from a shift towards organic production. Assumptions on development within NZ's main trade partner countries – United States (US), European Union (EU) and Japan (JP) – are included in the modelling. The LTEM modelling shows how the NZ dairy sector could benefit overall from some conversion to organics. Even very conservative estimates of organic consumption and consumers' preference for organic dairy products result in increases in NZ organic and total producer returns. We argue, therefore, that it is important for the NZ dairy sector to commit itself towards organic production and signal this to the NZ dairy farmers.


Suspended‐sediment concentration data are a missing link in reconstructions of the River Waal in the early 1800s. These reconstructions serve as a basis for assessing the long‐term effects of major interventions carried out between 1850 AD and the early 20th century. We used a 2D physics‐based morphodynamic model accounting for the influence of floodplain vegetation to fill in this gap. Historical discharge hydrographs were derived from a correlation between flow discharge records at Cologne and water level measurements of the Rhine branches in the Netherlands, taking into account the discharge distribution between the branches. Historical floodplain sedimentation rates were estimated using old cartographic information and recent geomorphologic field work. The computed historical sedimentation rates are found to be within the range of measured data, which suggests that fine suspended sediment concentrations in the early 1800s were comparable to contemporary ones. The computations show also how vegetation enhances the formation of natural levees close to the main channel and at the same time decreases the sedimentation rates in farther areas of the floodplain. A sensitivity analysis shows suspended sediment composition to have a strong influence on the resulting quantities and patterns of floodplain deposition. The reconstruction has also provided validation of the modelling tools to reproduce the effects of vegetation on sediment dynamics, enabling their implementation to study other cases. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Oscillations are ubiquitous phenomena in the animal and human brain. Among them, the alpha rhythm in human EEG is one of the most prominent examples. However, its precise mechanisms of generation are still poorly understood. It was mainly this lack of knowledge that motivated a number of simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) – functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies. This approach revealed how oscillatory neuronal signatures such as the alpha rhythm are paralleled by changes of the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal. Several such studies revealed a negative correlation between the alpha rhythm and the hemodynamic BOLD signal in visual cortex and a positive correlation in the thalamus. In this study we explore the potential generative mechanisms that lead to those observations. We use a bursting capable Stefanescu-Jirsa 3D (SJ3D) neural-mass model that reproduces a wide repertoire of prominent features of local neuronal-population dynamics. We construct a thalamo-cortical network of coupled SJ3D nodes considering excitatory and inhibitory directed connections. The model suggests that an inverse correlation between cortical multi-unit activity, i.e. the firing of neuronal populations, and narrow band local field potential oscillations in the alpha band underlies the empirically observed negative correlation between alpha-rhythm power and fMRI signal in visual cortex. Furthermore the model suggests that the interplay between tonic and bursting mode in thalamus and cortex is critical for this relation. This demonstrates how biophysically meaningful modelling can generate precise and testable hypotheses about the underpinnings of large-scale neuroimaging signals.


: Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) is a peripheral membrane protein belongs to the family of zona occludens proteins and plays an important role as a scaffold protein which cross-links and anchors tight junction (TJ) strand proteins, within the lipid bilayer, to the actin cytoskeleton [1-2] . Stent implantation is the most effective method in the treatment of cardiovascular disease which always destroy junctions of endothelial cells, the functions of the tight junction were also affected. However, the role of ZO-1 before and after stent implantation has not been fully understood. In this study, the expression of ZO-1 were analyzed by qPCR, western blot and immunofluorescence in vivo and in vitro . In vivo experiments were developed in two animal modes, carotid ligation of ApoE -/- mice for 48 h and abdominal aorta poly (L-lactic acid) stents implantation of male SD rats for indicated time (1 week, 1 month, 3 month and 1 year). In vitro, HUVECs were exposed to fluid shear stress and static pressure respectively. Namely, shear stress at 5 dyn/cm 2 (low shear stress, LSS) and 12 dyn/cm 2 (high shear stress) for 6 h, and 40 kPa static pressure for 6 h and 12 h. In vivo , expression of ZO-1 showed interestingly lower, compared to control in ApoE -/-mice and SD rats, except stents implantation at 3 month. In vitro , the expression level of ZO-1 showed higher at indicated shear stress, no statistical difference under static pressure at 6 h but significantly higher at 12 h, compared to control. Fluorescent staining showed more loose connection between cells and surrounding edges of the cells presented a gear shape with many small forks. In conclusion, we tried to indicate the role of ZO-1 before and after stent implantation by applying different mechanical stimulations respectively to imitate the mechanical environment endothelial cells might confront in vivo . Interestingly, we found that expression of ZO-1 was diametrically opposed in vitro and in vivo except stents implantation for 3 month in rats. Overall, our research revealed that ZO-1 response to multiple-mechanical stimulations, and ZO-1 might be inhibited or degraded in RNA level for multiplex mechanical stimulations in vivo , which shall pave the way for further research.


Low-volume phosphite application 2 days after stem inoculation significantly (P < 0.05) reduced colonisation of Banksia brownii by Phytophthora cinnamomi in a glasshouse trial at all phosphite application rates when compared with the control. There was a greater reduction in colonisation at rates of 24 and 96 kg/ha of phosphite, compared with the lowest rate of 12 kg/ha. The relationship between application rate and disease control was non-linear and suggested an optimum dose-response relationship. Foliar phytotoxicity at harvest, 9 days post-inoculation, was minimal at all application rates, although in planta phosphite concentrations were high. Growth of P. cinnamomi was not halted at any application rate at the time of harvest, but this may be due to the very high susceptibility of B. brownii to P. cinnamomi, the high virulence of the isolate used and the ideal temperature for growth of P. cinnamomi. The study suggests that low volume phosphite application to Phytophthora-infested plant communities may control the disease in individuals of plant species in the early stages of infection as well as protecting individuals that have avoided infection. Further studies on a range of native species are necessary to verify whether phosphite, applied post-infection, is effective in increasing plant survival.


Introduction: The objectives of the present investigation were to develop an optimized formulation of ifosfamide (IF) nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) to sustain the release, to overcome the instability of the drug in an acidic environment during oral administration, drug leakage during storage, drug expulsion, and low drug loading (DL). Materials and Methods: The IF NLC was prepared by solvent diffusion technique. Response surface methodology was applied to optimize the formulation. Drug/lipid ratio, organic/aqueous phase ratio, and concentration of surfactant were considered as the formulation variables that mainly affects the particle size (PS), entrapment efficiency (EE) and DL of the NLC. A total of 20 sets of formulations were performed with different ratios of drug/lipid, organic/aqueous phase volume and various concentration of the surfactant. The formulation was evaluated for PS, EE, and DL, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared and in vitro dissolution. Results: Increasing the aqueous phase volume results in an increase of EE and a decrease in loading capacity. PS also decreases to extent. Increasing the lipid concentration, EE increases and as well the PS. An increase in the concentration of the surfactant resulted in a decrease in PS and a slight increase in encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity. Conclusion: The positive impact on the response variables (PS, EE and DL capacity) of the formulation of IF NLC would be obtained only if the processing conditions could be followed.


In kinetic energy projectiles, the buttress groove is conventionally used to transmit load between the long rod penetrator and the sabot during gun launch. The buttress groove geometry traditionally features a 7° driving flank angle but this angle can be varied to reduce the peak effective stress while increasing the peak hydrostatic or "pressure" stress along the groove root. Through modeling and simulation, it is shown that the increased pressure stress can be advantageously employed in combination with a sabot material that exhibits pressure dependent yield strength to survive gun launch.


The myotoxicity and neurotoxicity of common tiger snake (Notechis scutatus) venom are major factors in the pathogenesis of envenomation in the dog. Histological examination of the tissues of experimentally envenomed dogs has demonstrated the importance of muscle damage in affecting the clinical syndrome of tiger snake envenomation. Within one hour of injection of the venom into dogs, there was selective involvement of some muscles. Cardiac and smooth muscles were not significantly affected. The severity of myofibre damage was influenced by the amount of venom injected. Immobilisation under general anaesthesia resulted in significant protection against the myotoxic effects of high doses of venom. Lesions in the kidneys of experimentally envenomed dogs were acute tubular necrosis and the variable presence of a small amount of proteinaceous material in tubules. These lesions, which were similar to those in cases of natural snake bite, were indicative of a direct nephrotoxic effect, which could be complicated by the effects of myoglobinuria. These findings emphasise the need for supportive treatment aimed at maintenance of renal function in the treatment of dogs suffering from tiger snake envenomation.


IMPORTANCE
Responsive communication is critical to ensuring family-centered care in early intervention (EI). The Intentional Relationship Model (IRM) offers a framework for examining therapist-parent communication and offers strategies for supporting therapist responsiveness.

OBJECTIVE
To explore family-centered care and therapists' communication in EI using the IRM.

DESIGN
Prospective descriptive study.

SETTING
Illinois EI program.

PARTICIPANTS
Convenience sample of 101 therapists and 19 parents enrolled in an EI program. Therapist disciplines included developmental (n = 24), occupational (n = 32), physical (n = 17), and speech (n = 28) therapy.

OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Demographic questionnaire, Early Interventionist Self-Efficacy Scale, Early Intervention Parenting Self-Efficacy Scale, Measure of Processes of Care (MPOC)-Short Form, MPOC-Service Provider, Clinical Assessment of Modes (CAM), and Clinical Assessment of Suboptimal Interaction-Short Form (CASI-SF).

RESULTS
Therapists used family-centered practices specific to relationship building more frequently than information sharing (especially sharing of general information). Therapists used the empathizing, encouraging, and instructing modes most frequently in their interactions with families. Participants' scores on the MPOC, CAM, and CASI-SF were significantly correlated.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
Therapist-parent interactions were aligned with family-centered care. Opportunities for practitioners were identified in (1) sharing specific and general information and (2) expanding the use of collaborating, problem-solving, and advocating modes. What This Article Adds: In this study, we explored how the IRM can inform family-centered practices in EI through examination of therapists' interpersonal competency and therapeutic mode use.


The propagation of electromagnetic radiation in free-space is described by the source-free Maxwells equations. In contrast to conventional solutions such as infinite-energy plane waves and Gaus- sian pulses, there exists a family of exact solutions which represent localised transmission of finite electromagnetic energy [1]. One such solution is known as the Focused Doughnut (FD) pulse a peculiar single-cycle electromagnetic perturbation with a unique toroidal field topology and 3-dimensional, polynomial energy localisation [2]. Here, for the first time we present a com- prehensive study of the FD pulse: we investigate the propagation dynamics and interactions of these complex electromagnetic pulses with homogeneous and structured media. The FD pulse exhibits a number of intriguing properties. Its purely single-cycle nature results in an ultra-broadband frequency spectrum and a well defined spatial-chirp. In fact, the spatial dependence of the pulse is inseparable from its temporal dependence. In addition, the toroidal topology of the pulse gives rise to significant longitudinal field components at the pulse that hold potential for particle acceleration applications [2]. Although the FD pulse has remained a theoretical curiosity since its first prediction, successful experimental realisation could lead to its use in a variety of settings, such as microscopy, communications, directed energy transfer, spectroscopy, and particle trapping and acceleration. Further interest in the FD pulse stems from the burgeoning field of toroidal electrodynamics, owing to the topological similarities between the FD pulse and the near-field configuration of the toroidal dipole excitation [3]. The intriguing light-matter interactions of the FD pulse are examined from several perspectives. We present a full evaluation of the transformations the FD pulse undergoes due to interactions with dielectric and metallic interfaces. This has revealed the unusual behaviour of both the TE and TM pulses under reflection, with respect to the reversal of the azimuthal and radial field components. Furthermore, the interactions of FDs with small dielectric and plasmonic particles are considered, where the broadband nature and complex field topology of the pulses is expected to play a significant role in mode excitation. Recent work has demonstrated broad modal excitation within the nanostructures and distinct differences between the interaction with TE and TM pulses. Possible experimental realisations of these complex electromagnetic perturbations resulting from the theoretical/computational treatment presented here will be discussed.


Test meals in Europeans and Bantu in Johannesburg show that the stomachs of normal Europeans in the main secrete more acid and pepsin. Gastric studies in Bantu on a European diet compared with those on a more non-European type of diet reveal no difference in secretory behaviour. This, it is suggested, rules out current dietary habits as being responsible for the difference in gastric secretory behaviour found between European and Bantu. The Bantu on a European diet had a slower rate of gastric emptying than those on a non-European diet.


This case study focuses on and analyses the formation of four co-operatives in the Evangeline region, a small Acadian community in the southwest part of Prince Edward Island. Defined by the authors as an 'integrated community-controlled economy,' the Evangeline community demonstrates the potential that a network of interrelated co-operatives has for community economic development. More specifically, the authors discuss why some co-operatives succeed while others fail, and propose a model that outlines the element necessary for any comprehensive community economic-development process.Wilkinson and Quarter look at the Evangeline experiment in the context of two seemingly contradictory trends today: globalization and decentralization. They argue that the initiatives undertaken by the Evangeline community fit within the trend toward decentralization and community control. The citizens of the Evangeline region have formed a community-controlled economy, refusing to accept the conventional wisdom that a small community is not viable in a modern economy. The authors suggest that the Evangeline experiment shows that communities which are being marginalized in the modern world can take matters into their own hands and succeed where externally driven development has failed.


This research proposes that because rounded numbers are more fluently processed, rounded prices (e.g., $200.00) encourage reliance on feelings. In contrast, because nonrounded numbers are disfluently processed, nonrounded prices (e.g., $198.76) encourage reliance on cognition. Thus, rounded (nonrounded) prices lead to a subjective experience of "feeling right" when the purchase decision is driven by feelings (cognition). Further, this sense of feeling right resulting from the fit between the roundedness of the price number and the nature of decision context can make positive reactions toward the target product more positive and negative reactions more negative, a phenomenon referred to as the rounded price effect in the current research. Results from five studies provide converging evidence for the rounded price effect. Findings from the current research further show that merely priming participants with rounded (nonrounded) numbers in an unrelated context could also lead to the rounded price effect. Finally, this research provides process support by showing that the rounded price effect is mediated by a sense of feeling right. This is the first research examining the differential impact of roundedness of prices on product purchase decisions, based on whether the purchase decision is driven by feelings versus cognition.


Background and aims SLE patients often suffer from both specific, non specific skin lesions and infections. This study was aimed to observe frequency of lupus specific and non-specific skin lesions, skin infections and factors related to infections. Methods This observational study was conducted in SLE clinic of BSMMU, Bangladesh. A total 148 patients were enrolled and followed for 1 year. Patients were evaluated at baseline, special and final visits. Clinical definitions and dermatologist opinion were used for diagnosis of skin lesions. Patient's demographics, SLE lesions, infection as well as relevant laboratory tests were recorded. Multivariate analysis was done for risk factors. Ethical clearance was obtained from IRB of BSMMU. Results A total 131patients (126 women and 5 men) completed the study period; their mean age was 28.75±8.17 years. Frequency of skin lesions and infections were 71.76% (94) and 26.7% (35) respectively. Specific lupus lesions were malar rash 75.44% followed by DLE, 15.78%. Photosensitivity (72.6%), non-scaring alopecia (67.9%), mucosal ulcer (47.6%), raynaud's phenomenon (23.8%) and hyper-pigmentation (23.8%) were notable non-specific skin lesions. Common skin infections were tineasis (42.85%), herpes infections (34.26%), paronychia (20%) and scabies (17%). High SLEDAI score, low complements, prednisolone (>10 mg/day) and use of immunosuppressive agents at present or in past were found risk factors for skin infections. Conclusions Skin infections were high in this study. Tineasis, herpes infections, paronychia and scabies were common. Active disease, use of prednisolone >10 mg/day and immunosuppressive therapy were observed risk factors. Vaccinations and judicious use of drugs might reduce the rate of skin infection.


Mitochondrial dysfunction in muscle has been implicated to play a causative role or being an indirect consequence of insulin resistance in type-2 diabetes. In order to investigate potential diabetes-related alterations in the mitochondrial proteome of muscle, we have carried out a mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis of the gastrocnemius muscle from normal versus diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats. A generally perturbed protein expression pattern was observed in the mitochondria-enriched fraction from diabetic muscle. Various mitochondrial markers, including NADH dehydrogenase, cytochrome b-c1 complex and isocitrate dehydrogenase were reduced in diabetic preparations. Isoforms of pyruvate dehydrogenase and ATP synthase exhibited differential changes in their abundance. The altered protein expression levels of these key metabolic enzymes might trigger a diabetes-dependent decrease in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation levels. The proteomic findings presented here support the idea that mitochondrial abnormalities are involved in the molecular pathogenesis of type-2 diabetes and may be crucial for the development of insulin resistance.


Strategic information planning is an important topic in practice as well as in research. Work so far has focused mainly on the planning process itself rather than on the actual information strategy as its output. The paper points out different approaches to substantiating the concept of information strategy with perhaps the most advanced approach being the system of plans approach. However, existing approaches are not satisfactory regarding their structure, completeness and rationales. We propose a more comprehensive model of information strategy that is argued to overcome the deficiencies of the existing approaches. Our model introduces the concepts of information infrastructure and information function. It helps to clarify ongoing discussions devoted to information strategy as a functional departmental strategy, to strategic alignment as well as to the role of the CIO and allows the integration of separate views on information strategy from different disciplines.


A 2-day conference on Advances in Inhalation Therapy drew together 16 speakers, experts in their respective fields, to summarize recent developments in delivery device design, drug formulation, in vitro and in vivo assessment, and to provide a clinical overview of the future of drug aerosol therapy. Concurrent advances are being made in the design of aerosol delivery devices in all areas. Reformulation of non-CFC pressurized metered dose inhalers (pMDIs) is overcoming technical, legal and engineering obstacles, although whether the new hydrofluorocarbon (HFA) products will already be limited and dated is a distinct possibility. New 'soft mist inhalers' offer a viable alternative for drug aerosol delivery that has potential advantages in efficiency in design and aerosol delivery compared to conventional pMDIs and DPIs. The reproducible generation and delivery of micronized macromolecules to the peripheral lung offers an efficient and novel means for the effective and safe delivery of peptides and proteins, with notable successes in delivery of analgesics and insulin. Novel means of designing 'smart drugs' through supercritical fluid engineering promises to further enhance the advantages of inhalation for routine drug administration.


Since the activities of market participants can be influenced by financial outcomes, providing accurate forecasts of these financial outcomes can help participants to reduce the risk of adjusting to any market change in the future. Predictions of financial outcomes have usually been obtained by conventional statistical models based on researchers' knowledge. With the development of data collection and storage, an extensive set of explanatory variables will be extracted from big data capturing more economic theories and then applied to predictive methods, which can increase the difficulty of model interpretation and produce biased estimation. This may further reduce predictive ability. To overcome these problems, variable selection techniques are frequently employed to simplify model selection and produce more accurate forecasts. In this PhD thesis, we aim to combine variable selection approaches with traditional reduced-form models to define and forecast the financial outcomes in question (market implied ratings, Initial Public Offering (IPO) decisions and the failure of companies). This provides benefits for market participants in detecting potential investment opportunities and reducing credit risk.
Making accurate predictions of corporate credit ratings is a crucial issue for both investors and rating agencies, since firms' credit ratings are associated with financial flexibility and debt or equity issuance. In Chapter 2, we attempt to determine market-implied credit ratings in relation to financial ratios, market-driven factors and macroeconomic indicators. We conclude that applying variable selection techniques, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and its extension (Elastic net) can improve predictive power. Moreover, the predictive ability of LASSO-selected models is clearly better than that of the benchmark ordered probit model in all out-of-sample predictions. Finally, fewer predictors can be selected into LASSO models controlled by BIC-type tuning parameter to produce more accurate out-of-sample prediction than its counterpart AIC-type selector.
Next, the LASSO technique is further applied to binary event prediction. A bank's decision to go public by issuing an Initial Public Offering (IPO) is the binary object in Chapter 3, which transforms the operations and capital structure of a bank. Much of the empirical investigation in this area focuses on the determinants of the IPO decision, applying accounting ratios and other publicly available information in non-linear models. We mark a break with this literature by offering methodological extensions as well as an extensive and updated US dataset to predict bank IPOs. Combining the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) with a Cox proportional hazard, we uncover value in several financial factors as well as market-driven and macroeconomic variables, in predicting a bank's decision to go public. Importantly, we document a significant improvement in the model's predictive ability compared to standard frameworks used in the literature. Finally, we show that the sensitivity of a bank's IPO to financial characteristics is higher during periods of global financial crisis than in calmer times.
Moving to another line of variable selection techniques, Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) is combined with reduced-form models in Chapter 4. The failure of companies is closely related to the health of the whole economy, since the beginning of the most recent global crisis was the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers. In this chapter, we forecast the failure of UK private firms incorporating with financial ratios and macroeconomic variables. Since two important financial crises and firm heterogeneities are covered in our dataset, the predictive powers of candidate models in different periods and cross-sections are validated. We first detect that applying BMA to the discrete hazard models can improve the predictive performance in different sub-periods. However, comparing the results with classified models, it should be noted that the Naive Bayes (NB) classifier provides slightly higher predictive accuracy than BMA models of discrete hazard models. Moreover, the predictive performance of the discrete hazard model and its BMA version are more sensitive to adding time or industry dummy variables than other competing models. Considering financial crisis or firm heterogeneity can influence the predictive power of each candidate model in the out-of-sample prediction of failure.


In experiments, people do not always appear to think very strategically or to infer the information of others from their choices. To understand this thinking process further, we use "Mousetracking" to record which game payoffs subjects look at, for how long, in games of private information with three information states, which vary in strategic complexity. Subjects often deviate from Nash equilibrium choices, converge only modestly toward equilibrium across 40 trials, and often fail to look at payoffs which they need to in order to compute an equilibrium response. Theories such as QRE and cursed equilibrium, which can explain non-equilibrium choices, are not well supported by the combination of both choices and lookups. When cluster analysis is used to group subjects according to lookup patterns and choices, the clusters appear to correspond approximately to level-3, level-2 and level-1 thinking in level-k cognitive hierarchy models. The connection between looking and choices is strong enough that the time durations of looking at key payoffs can predict choices, to some extent, at the individual level and at the trial-by-trial level.


Botulinum toxin type A is a high molecular weight protein complex containing active neurotoxin and complexing proteins, the latter of which, it is believed, protect the neurotoxin when in the gastrointestinal tract, and may facilitate its absorption. Comparisons of conventional botulinum toxin type A drugs that include complexing proteins with the complexing protein-free formulation of Xeomin® strongly suggest that complexing proteins do not affect diffusion of the active neurotoxin. Studies of Xeomin have also shown that complexing proteins do not enhance product stability in storage. However, complexing proteins may stimulate antibody development against botulinum toxin type A. Numerous observational studies have been published showing that some patients receiving conventional botulinum toxin may develop neutralizing antibodies, leading to antibody-induced therapy failure. Studies have shown that Xeomin is not associated with the development of neutralizing antibodies in animal models or in patients. In conclusion, complexing proteins do not contribute to the stability of botulinum toxin type A drugs and do not contribute to their therapeutic effects, but may be associated with a secondary nonresponse due to the development of neutralizing antibodies.


The CDF and D0 experiments at the Tevatron $pbar{p}$ Collider were collecting data between 2002 and 2011.
During that time, the extensive search for the standard model Higgs boson was performed.
Every accessible decay mode was investigated.
Results from the searches for the standard model Higgs boson with the final dataset will be presented for individual channels,
as well as combined results from CDF and D0 experiments individually.


Fly-tipping and fly-posting were recently investigated by
a sub-committee of the House of Commons Environmental
Audit Committee.1 They share important features.
Although both occur for a variety of reasons, they are
invariably the result of conscious and deliberate acts.
Unlike, for example, unauthorized discharges of pollution
into rivers or the atmosphere, they cannot occur by
accident. Strict liability is irrelevant. The perpetrators are
usually to blame for their deeds. Perhaps more importantly,
in both cases there are often strong financial incentives
to break the law.2 They therefore provide useful case studies
on the economics of environmental crime and punishment.
An examination of these offences can give valuable insights
as to why businesses choose to operate within, or outside,
the law.


The effective thermal conductivity of water/carbon nanotube (CNT) composite systems is predicted using molecular dynamics simulation. Both empty and water-filled CNTs with diameters ranging from 0.83 nm to 1.26 nm are considered. Using a direct application of the Fourier law, we explore the transition to diffusive phonon transport with increasing CNT length and identify the correlation between CNT diameter and fully-diffusive thermal conductivity. Using Green-Kubo linear response theory, we explore how the thermal conductivity of water inside CNT varies with tube diameter. We predict the effective thermal conductivity of the composite systems and examine how the phonon modes in the CNT are affected by interactions with the water molecules.© 2009 ASME


Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most prevalent pathogens in China. However, little is known about the prevalence of clinical P. aeruginosa isolates causing bloodstream infections (BSIs) in China. Methods: BSI-causing P. aeruginosa (BSI-PA) was collected from six tertiary-care hospitals in Beijing. Genetic relatedness was analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE); Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by agar dilution method, and sequence types (STs) were evaluated by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Results: A total of 80 non-duplicated BSI-PA isolates were collected from December 2013 to December 2014 and categorized into 69 types (strains) using unique PFGE patterns. Among the 69 BSI-PA strains, 41 STs were identified. Overall, the primary STs were ST244, ST274, ST260 and ST1052 (n = 18), followed by ST270, ST235, ST1295 (n = 3), and ST242, ST275, ST316, ST357 (n = 2). There were 25 STs that only contained a single strain. Approximately 31.9% (22/69) of the strains exhibited carbapenem-resistant phenotype, and most of them carried blaVIM. Conclusion: The majority of BSI-PA strains exhibited high genetic diversity and low resistance to commonly used antimicrobials.


The history of women's exclusion and invisibility in cities is well charted, yet young women's experience of sexual harassment and assault has been difficult to quantify. This article discusses the Free to Be project initiated by Plan International in 2018. In partnership with Monash University's XYX Lab and CrowdSpot, the crowdmapping web app enabled young women in Delhi, Kampala, Lima, Madrid, and Sydney to identify and share their experiences of public spaces. It is believed to be the most ambitious global crowdsourced data collection project on street harassment ever undertaken. By using coding and visual data techniques, the data demonstrated the scale of the problem and the urgent need for city-level decision makers, as well as other members of society, to take action. This article outlines the findings from Free to Be, and explores the ways data and activism led by girls and young women are a powerful method for creating change.


Aim of the study was to find out wether there is a common stop of growth of mandibular bone, so that no individual determination of the optimal time for surgery in patients with asymmetric mandibular bone growth is needed. As there are no epiphyseal plates in the mandibular bone, stop of growth cannot be determined on X-ray films. Methods: Bone scans of 731 patients [687 patients (324 male, 363 female) under 39 y for exact determination of end of growth and 44 (21 male, 23 female) patients over 40 y for evaluation of non-growth dependant differences in tracer uptake] were reviewed for the study. All the patients were examined 3 hours after injection of 99mTc-DPD. Tracer uptake was measured by region of interest technique in different points of the mandibular bone and in several epiphyseal plates of extremities. Results: Tracer uptake in different epiphyseal plates of the extremities shows strong variation with age and good correlation with reported data of bone growth and closure of the epiphyseal plates. The relative maximum of bone activity is smaller in mandibular bone than in epiphyseal plates, which show well defined peaks, ending at 15-18 years in females and at 18-21 years in males. In contrast, mandibular bone shows no well defined end of growing but a gradually reduction of bone activity which remains higher than bone activity in epiphyseal plates over several years. Conclusion: No well defined end of growth of mandibular bone exists. The optimal age for surgery of asymmetric mandibular bone growth is not before the middle of the third decade of life, bone scans performed earlier for determination of bone growth can be omitted. Bone scans performed at the middle of the third decade of life help to optimize the time of surgical intervention.


Voltage-gated calcium channels mediate excitationcontraction coupling in the skeletal muscle. Their molecular composition, similar to neuronal channels, includes the pore-forming α1 and auxiliary α2δ, β, and γ subunits. The γ subunits are the least characterized, and their subunit interactions are unclear. The physiological importance of the neuronal γ is emphasized by epileptic stargazer mice that lack γ2. In this study, we examined the molecular basis of interaction between skeletal γ1 and the calcium channel. Our data show that the α11.1, β1a, and α2δ subunits are still associated in γ1 null mice. Reexpression of γ1 and γ2 showed that γ1, but not γ2, incorporates into γ1 null channels. By using chimeric constructs, we demonstrate that the first half of the γ1 subunit, including the first two transmembrane domains, is important for subunit interaction. Interestingly, this chimera also restores calcium conductance in γ1 null myotubes, indicating that the domain mediates both subunit interaction and current modulation. To determine the subunit of the channel that interacts with γ1, we examined the channel in muscular dysgenesis mice. Cosedimentation experiments showed that γ1 and α2δ are not associated. Moreover, α11.1 and γ1 subunits form a complex in transiently transfected cells, indicating direct interaction between the γ1 and α11.1 subunits. Our data demonstrate that the first half of γ1 subunit is required for association with the channel through α11.1. Because subunit interactions are conserved, these studies have broad implications for γ heterogeneity, function and subunit association with voltage-gated calcium channels.


subsequently referred to St George's Hospital for biliary reconstruction. The incidence of bile duct injury at open cholecystectomy is around 1:300 in the United States. Therefore an incidence of 1:5 3 after laparoscopic cholecystectomy, as found in our survey, represents a considerable increase. Interestingly, of the five surgeons reporting injuries, only two had performed fewer than 20 laparoscopic cholecystectomies. If these injuries are to be put down to the learning curve then either this particular learning curve is much longer than is generally recognised (which has immense training implications) or the operation, as performed at present, is inherently more dangerous than open cholecystectomy. Probably it is a combination of these factors. Our telephone survey was small and consequently may not be representative of the experience of the entire country, but our figures are comparable to the American experience. If these figures are representative then whether this operation is inherently more dangerous than open cholecystectomy must be considered. This requires comprehensive audit and honesty in reporting. If, alternatively, this increased incidence is reflecting the learning curve then laparoscopic teaching programmes must take this into account. Minilaparotomy cholecystectomy has recently been proposed as a safer alternative to laparoscopic cholecystectomy.2 At present this variation of cholecystectomy is practised mainly by committed biliary surgeons who are unlikely to damage the bile duct whatever the method used to remove the gall bladder. Whether or not the procedure will be safer than laparoscopic cholecystectomy when practised by general surgeons at large is difficult to predict.


A H2-based, denitrifying and sulfate-reducing membrane-biofilm reactor (MBfR) was shown to be effective for removing selenate (Se(VI)) from water or wastewater by reducing it to insoluble Se(0). When Se(VI) was first added to the MBfR, Se(VI) reduction--first to selenite (Se(IV)) and then mostly to Se(0)--took place immediately and then increased over three weeks, suggesting enrichment for dissimilatory selenium-reducing bacteria. Increasing the H2 pressure improved the Se(VI) reduction rate and total-Se removal, and lowering the influent Se(VI) concentration from 1000 to 260 microg Se/L increased the average Se removal to 94%, which corresponded to an effluent Se concentration of less than 12 microg Se/L, a value well below the standard of 50 microg Se/L. The fact that the effluent suspended solids contained reduced Se suggests that Se(0) was retained in the biofilm, which detached to form the effluent suspended solids. A series of short-term experiments elaborated on how decreased influent selenate loading and increased H2 pressure could systematically improve the reduction of Se(VI) and removal of total Se. Short-term experiments also demonstrated that selenate reduction improved with lower influent nitrate concentration, suggesting that H2 was more available for selenate reduction when the H2 demand for denitrification was smaller. Complete sulfate reduction, which occurred in parallel to nitrate reduction, dominated the electron-equivalent flux. Like selenate reduction, but unlike nitrate reduction, sulfate reduction was sensitive to H2 pressure and appeared to be inhibited by selenate. Finally, selenate reduction was relatively insensitive to pH in the range of 7.0 to 9.0. This research shows that the MBfR can be effective for removing Se(VI) in water or wastewater to below the 50 microg Se/L standard.


CRH/urocortin-receptor-binding protein (CRH/UCN-R-BP) mRNAs are dynamically expressed in the primate ovary during the menstrual cycle. Therefore, studies were designed to localize CRH/UCN-R-BP mRNAs to ovarian cell types, quantitate protein expression during the corpus luteum (CL) lifespan, and investigate the role of this system in the macaque ovary at midcycle. Monkey ovaries were removed during the preovulatory phase and through the luteal phase to localize CRH/UCN-R-BP mRNAs by in situ hybridization and determine their protein levels in CL by Western blotting. Also, vehicle or a CRH receptor antagonist (astressin) was injected into the preovulatory follicle; daily serum samples were analyzed for hormone levels, and ovaries were removed on d 9 of the luteal phase for histological analysis. There was minimal ligand mRNA staining, whereas receptor and CRHBP was detected in the granulosa and theca cells of the preovulatory follicle. However, ligand and receptor mRNA staining was appreciable in luteal cells of the CL during the early luteal phase (ECL) and diminished in the late luteal phase (LCL). CRHBP staining was low in the ECL and increased markedly in the LCL. Ligand and receptor protein expression was also highest during ECL, whereas CRHBP expression was highest at the LCL. Although astressin injection did not prevent follicle rupture, progesterone levels were significantly less by the mid-luteal phase, and estradiol levels never increased above baseline during the CL lifespan. Histological indices of cell degeneration were observed in the astressin-treated CL. Thus, CRH/UCN-R-BP components are expressed in an ovarian cell-specific manner. The expression pattern and results from antagonist injection are consistent with the hypothesis that CRH/UCN-R activation promotes luteal development and/or structure-function in monkeys during the menstrual cycle.


This paper presents a heuristic constructive algorithm (HCA) for optimal capacitor placement on distribution systems. This is a nonlinear mixed integer optimization problem. In the proposed approach, the integer variables are represented using sigmoid function, thus interior point optimal power flow formulation can be applied to obtain sensitivity indexes based on Lagrange multipliers, reactive power, and bus voltage. The methodology is applied to two power distribution systems, and the results are compared with those obtained using a genetic algorithm approach.


Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a low dose of flutamide (125 mg/day) in maintaining the clinical results already obtained using a higher dose (250 mg/day), in women suffering from hirsutism. Method: Forty-three women suffering from hirsutism of varying origin received 250 mg/day of flutamide as an initial treatment for 12 months and, subsequently, 125 mg/day of flutamide for an additional 12 months as a maintenance treatment. Hirsutism was evaluated by the Ferriman-Gallwey score, and hair diameter and hair growth rate were determined by a special image analysis processor. Biochemical, clinical and hormonal parameters were evaluated in basal conditions and every 2–6 months. Results: The significant decrease in the hirsutism score, hair diameter and hair growth rate during the initial treatment period was confirmed at the end of the maintenance treatment period. Androgen levels decreased up to the end of the initial treatment period and partially decreased during the maintenance treatment. During the initial treatment period, 4 subjects showed an increase of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase and dropped out. During the maintenance treatment period, no side effects or complications were observed. Conclusion: Satisfactory management of hirsutism with flutamide seems to be represented by an initial treatment period using 250 mg/day to achieve satisfactory results, followed by a long maintenance treatment period using 125 mg/day.


Larvatus prodeo—I advance masked—wrote the young René Descartes, suggesting that he advanced upon the stage of the world like an actor wearing a mask (larva being the Latin word for mask). A few centuries later, Friedrich Nietzsche observed that 'whatever is profound loves masks' (1966: 50, aphorism 40) and that 'every philosophy also conceals a philosophy; every opinion is also a lurking-place; every word is also a mask' (1966: 228-29, aphorism 289). Indeed, every presentation and/or subject-position is a 'projection' that conceals, disguises and dissimulates ; every persona is a mask atop a mask—a meshwork of masks and of masking. I—any I: myself, yourself or other wise—advance not merely camouflaged, but forever camouflaged (indeed hypercamouflaged): every persona hides another persona, and another and another, ad infinitum. So my first point is to highlight this larval condition of [an] infinitely recurring masking—the darkside or underbelly that accompanies and ultimately ungrounds any and every quote‐unquote 'enlightened' position.


Mobile based collaboration such as image tagging and video annotation has become a research hotspot for both academic groups and the industry. Mobile devices running with Google Android or Apples iOS have almost the same computing and multimedia capabilities as modern computers, which enables conducting regular collaborative activities on them. Moreover their embedded geographic sensors can provide useful auxiliary metadata to help improve the accuracy of several collaboration features such as location annotation and tagging recommendation. In this paper, we firstly analyze recent research on mobile based collaboration and annotation projects, and then we introduce our efforts in expanding a collaborative annotation framework to the mobile platforms, especially the android-enabled devices. A prototype of the mobile extension that supports collaborative annotation on real time data streams especially audiovisual streams is introduced as well as several preliminary performance experiments.


We have used dynamic Monte Carlo(DMC) methods and analytical techniques to analyze single-file systems for which diffusion is infinitely fast. We have simplified the master equation removing the fast reactions, and we have introduced a DMC algorithm for infinitely fast diffusion. The DMC method for fast diffusion give similar results as the standard DMC with high diffusion rates. We have investigated the influence of characteristic parameters, such as pipe length, adsorption, desorption, and conversion rate constants on the steady-state properties of single-file systems with a reaction, looking at cases when all the sites are reactive and when only some of them are reactive. We find that the effect of fast diffusion on single-file properties of the system is absent even when diffusion is infinitely fast. Diffusion is not important in these systems. Smaller systems are less reactive and the occupancy profiles for infinitely long systems show an exponential behavior.


The distribution of acoustic intensity within a surface-wave multistrip coupler on lithium niobate has been observed using a laser probe. The number of metal strips required for complete transfer of energy between coupled tracks has been determined as a function of acoustic frequency. Two stopbands were observed in the frequency range explored. A simple analytic expression is presented which is in good agreement with experiment away from the vicinity of the stopbands. It may be regarded as useful for coupler design; it is used to demonstrate that the 3 dB fractional bandwidth of the coupler may exceed 120%.


A pot study was conducted in the laboratory of Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, India in the year 2007-2008 to investigate the effect of pesticides, on the microbial transformation of sulphur (S) in soil. Insecticide (Endosulfan), fungicide (Dithane M-45), herbicide (2,4-D) were added to the soil at their recommended doses, respectively and their effect on the proliferation and potentiality of thiosulphate oxiding bacteria, aryl sulphatase, available and total sulphur were investigated in soil. The results of the present investigation revealed that insecticide, endosulfan effectuated a significant detrimental effect on some microbiological, biochemical and chemical properties in soil whereas fungicide, dithane M-45 caused a significant detrimental influence during the later stages in spite of stimulating influence at early stages incubation period. However, herbicide, 2,4-D, brought about a beneficial influence on the microbiological, biochemical and chemical properties in soil. Among the pesticides used in the study, the performance of the herbicide was favorable in all respect.


In this work, the properties of a growing frost layer were analyzed for surfaces of varying wettability to determine the effect that the surface energy has on the frost mass, thickness, and density. Both patterned and non-patterned surfaces were explored. To date, three surfaces have been fabricated and tested— an uncoated, untreated aluminum plate (Sample 1), a plate coated with a super-hydrophobic coating (Sample 2), and a plate containing a triangular surface wettability pattern (Sample 3). For these experiments, the frost layer was grown for a three-hour period inside a Plexiglas environmental test chamber where the relative humidity was held constant during the experiment at either 60% or 80%, and the surface temperature of the plate was fixed using a thermoelectric cooler (TEC). The temperature of the ambient air inside the Plexiglas enclosure was also recorded to ensure that it remained constant for the duration of the experiment. The TEC unit was placed on an electronic balance inside the test chamber which permitted the continuous recording of frost mass during both the frosting and defrosting portions of the experiment. Images of the frost layer were also taken using a CCD camera mounted directly overhead and parallel to the face of the plate. Frost thickness was then determined from these images by pixel counting methods. Our data show that the hydrophobic surface coating on Sample 2 resulted in a decrease of the frost density by nearly 100% as compared to the uncoated, baseline surface (Sample 1). This was largely because the baseline surface accumulated 60-90% more frost mass than the hydrophobic surface during the same allotted time period. The thickness of the frost layer was also slightly smaller on the baseline surface than the hydrophobic surface. The overall aim of this work is to study the effects that micro-structural roughness and surface anisotropy have on a growing frost layer and to better understand the defrosting process on functionalized heat transfer surfaces.


In opening this discussion on the Origin of the Trias[*][1] I shall restrict myself, as far as possible, to what we can learn about the physical geography and climate of that period from the petrology of the system, leaving one or two points to be more fully described by others. Once for all let me express my obligations for many necessary facts to the Memoirs published by the Geological Survey, especially that on the Triassic and Permian rocks of the Midland Counties, drawn up by Professor Hull in 1869, to suggestive papers on India and Persia by the late Dr. F. Drew and Dr. W. T. Blandford, and to one or two other writers, whom I shall mention in due course.

The name Trias, I need hardly say, was given because the rocks of this system in the typical districts of North Central Europe fall naturally into three groups, which in Germany were called, in ascending order, the Bunter, the Muschelkalk, and the Keuper. In our own country the second is missing, and the third is sometimes uncomformable with the first. But, though I think these two represent very distinct chapters in the physical history of Britain, I would not like to assert that no part of the Muschelkalk had a time equivalent in our islands.

The Keuper deposits, speaking in general terms, may be followed continuously from the South Devon coast to the Midlands, whence they extend along both sides of the Pennine Range, on the eastern to beyond ...

 [1]: #fn-1


Abstract In this research, the performance of fly ash/GGBS geopolymer mortars made with different quarry waste powder as filler materials by substituted the river sand fine aggregate with different ratios was evaluated based on the mechanical, physical, durability properties and microstructural analysis. Limestone waste, marble waste and basalt waste powder were used as filler materials developing eco-friendly and economical geopolymer from industrial waste as a promising sustainable area of research. A series of tests were conducted such as on strength properties, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), physical properties, abrasion resistance test, splitting tensile strength and microstructure analysis (SEM). The samples were elevated at the high-temperatures of 200 °C, 400 °C, 600 °C and 800 °C. Results conducted that the use of limestone waste powder and marble waste powder up to 50% ratio improved the geopolymer composite's strength. The three filler geopolymer composites positively affected water absorption, strength properties and abrasion ratio results. The current article's finding has indicated a potential solution, presenting another geopolymer class followed by the successful use of fly ash and quarry waste as significant asset materials. The output of this study is commercially expected to be effective intercession for waste recycled and friendly environmental management conclusions.


Experience and research within the field of Information Systems Evaluation (ISE), has traditionally centered on providing tools and techniques for investment justification and appraisal, based upon explicit knowledge which encodes financial and other direct situational factors (such as accounting, costing and risk metrics). However, such approaches tend not to include additional causal interdependencies that are based upon tacit knowledge and are inherent within such a decision-making task. The authors show the results of applying a cognitive mapping approach, in the guise of a Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping (FCM) simulation, i.e. Fuzzy Information Systems Evaluation (F-ISE), in order to highlight the usefulness of applying such a technique. The authors highlight those contingent and necessary knowledge dependencies, in an exploratory sense, which relate to the investment appraisal decision-making task, in terms of the interplay between tacit and explicit knowledge, in this regard.


This research paper was aimed to describe the implementation of magic tricks in ELT and the students' perception towards the method. The writers expected that students' ability can be improved by using this technique. The writers used qualitative method to conduct this research, which created an idea of a model of teaching technique. The suitable learners for this kind of teaching media should be young adult learners of the intermediate level. Magic tricks were used as the teaching media and also to make the class' atmosphere in active and enjoyable learning discussion. The data in the research were indicated based on the students' engagement to do and/or develop the tricks. After the data from the observation were collected, the writers interviewed the students to see their responses to this technique when it was applied in teaching and learning process. The interview was used to support the primary data from the observation of teaching learning activities. The finding of the research described the process of the teaching English using magic tricks were conducted. At the end of the research, it could be concluded that teaching English using magic tricks collaboratively was effective.


Abstract The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has quickly swept through China, and mass internal migration during the Chinese Spring Festival is now widely blamed for this. This statement, we argue, is misleading. Internal migrants should not be held responsible for the initial spread of COVID-19, as those cities first affected are megacities that connect with the epicentre Wuhan more with regard to business and tourism than migration. The scale of the epidemic can only be partially explained by internal migration. Severe outbreaks are not limited to cities that neighbour Hubei Province and that have large migration to Wuhan. They also occurred in provincial capitals that are neither contiguous with Hubei nor connected with Wuhan in terms of migration. Even though a few cities far away from the epicentre were hit severely by COVID-19 due to migration, the major contributor is not the migrant job seekers but business people. The responsibility of spreading COVD-19 so fast, on such a large scale and so far is by no means fully on internal migrants.


Knowledge management has become a vital strategy to conserve company knowledge and to reuse them. Research in this area has always been consenting on domain knowledge, domain ontology, expert systems etc. have been developed to manage professional domain knowledge, but less effort has been done on cooperative knowledge. In this paper, a cooperative knowledge discovery method DKD is proposed, we elaborated this method in design project knowledge management area.


Introduction
Diabetic foot ulcers are a frequent complication of diabetes and the first cause of non-traumatic lower limb amputation. They affect quality of life, restrict social productivity and generate a high economic burden for health care systems. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) therapy is an adjunctive treatment option because it improves wound healing in the short term. However, its ability to modulate the pro- and anti-inflammatory balance and the hypoxic cell response in the clinical setting has not been fully described.

Objective
To determine modifications in HIF-1and#945;, NF-and#954;B, IGFBP-3, and VEGF expression in wounds as well as circulating inflammatory cytokines in patients with diabetic foot ulcers subjected to HBO2.

Materials and methods
We studied 17 ambulatory patients and one hospitalized patient with diabetic foot ulcers classified as Grade 3 or 4 according to the Wagner scale. All underwent HBO2 therapy. Tissue expression of HIF-1and#945;, NF-and#954;B, IGFBP-3, and VEGF was determined by immunohistochemistry. Plasma levels of adiponectin, IL-6, IFN-and#947;, IL-10 and IL-4 were measured by ELISA and chemiluminescence. Fibrosis and angiogenesis were determined by Masson's trichrome staining.

Results
Ulcers in all patients healed after one month of HBO2, and none presented relapses at the one-year follow-up. At the beginning of treatment, HIF-1and#945; and NF-and#954;B expression was observed mainly in the nucleus, whereas these proteins were localized in the cytoplasm at the end of HBO2. There were significant modifications in VEGF expression after therapy, an increase in the plasma level of proinflammatory IL-6, and a decrease in that of IFN-and#947;. IGFBP-3 expression and plasma levels of adiponectin were increased at the end of HBO2. Increases in fibrosis and angiogenesis were also observed.

Conclusion
These results suggest that adjuvant HBO2 modifies the proinflammatory balance related to the cellular response to hypoxia.


Agricultural companies play a key role in enriching the cultural and social life of the rural areas in which they function. Therefore, these companies serve towards preserving a quality of life necessary for rural communities to survive and to develop rural areas. However, the financial, human resource and material expenditures necessary to sustain rural communities are difficult to quantify. These studies, on the basis of internationally focused case studies, attempt to measure, systemize and evaluate the charitable engagement of farmers.


The process of socialization occurs throughout the existence of human life, because the world is in constant motion, everything changes and the person simply need to change for a more comfortable stay in a new environment. Human nature undergoes regular changes and changes over the years, it can not be permanent . Life - is a process of constant adaptation, requiring continuous changes and updates. The purpose of this paper to determine the role of family in socialization of children in modern society. The social environment, education and knowledge can help the child to form in the society as a personality. Consequently, adults develop general human qualities: adaptation to life conditions, cognition, interest to art and knowledge, hobbies, purpose of which is the position, morals, human dignity, the right relationships with others, and the desire to learn, to play games, to train, the development of the internal world and thought, intellect, knowledge and self-evaluation of the status in the society. All these lead us to the correct formation and development of the child in society. Development of the child should be at similar levels as biological, physiological and psychological point of view.


In this paper, highly porous Si3N4 ceramics with high strength, homogeneous microstructure were fabricated by introducing a proper amount of nanometer carbon in the Si3N4 slurry by gel-casting. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Archimedes water-displacement method and three-point bending tests were employed to analyze the microstructures and mechanical properties of the sintered bodies. It was shown by the XRD analysis that SiC particles were formed in the sintered bodies. The pillar β- Si3N4 morphology, homogeneous microstructure and the SiC particles as a reinforcement phase are the contributing factors for high porosity and good mechanical behavior.