Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) is a critically endangered salamander species and a model organism for regenerative and developmental biology. Despite life-long neoteny in nature and in captive-bred colonies, metamorphosis of these animals can be experimentally induced by administering Thyroid hormones (THs). However, biological consequences of this experimental procedure, such as host microbiota response and implications for regenerative capacity, remain largely unknown. Here, we systematically compared host bacterial microbiota associated with skin, stomach, gut tissues and fecal samples based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, along with limb regenerative capacity, between neotenic and metamorphic Axolotls. Our results show that distinct bacterial communities inhabit individual organs of Axolotl and undergo substantial restructuring through metamorphosis. Drastic restructuring was observed for skin microbiota, highlighted by a major transition from Firmicutes-enriched to Proteobacteria-enriched relative abundance and precipitously decreased diversity. Remarkably, shifts in microbiota was accompanied by a steep reduction in limb regenerative capacity. Fecal microbiota of neotenic and metamorphic Axolotl shared relatively higher similarity, suggesting that diet continues to shape microbiota despite fundamental transformations in the host digestive organs. The results provide novel insights into microbiological and regenerative aspects of Axolotl metamorphosis and will establish a baseline for future in-depth studies.


The present study is concerned with the distributional patterns of the so-called "irrelevance particles" immer 'ever' and 'auch' in German universal concessive conditionals and free relatives (e.g. was immer wir auch versuchen 'whatever we try'). In contrast to languages such as English, where irrelevance is conveyed by a single element in a fixed position (-ever), German has multiple positions for and combinations of immer and auch, whose distribution is mostly simplified in reference works on German syntax and grammar. Following the example of a previous study by Leuschner (2000), the present study aims at a more adequate description of the particle distribution, based on a significantly larger sample of 8734 clauses with the WH-word was 'what' from the DeReKo-corpus. The distributional patterns in subordinate clauses ('primary constructions') and their elliptically reduced forms ('secondary constructions') are analyzed using statistical methods, and the functional motivation of the patterns is analysed. It is concluded that need for disambiguation and ease of reanalysis play an important role in the rise of the respective patterns and of secondary constructions from primary ones.


The growing recognition that place matters has led to numerous foundation- and government-sponsored
initiatives that address the needs of disadvantaged neighborhoods and families in tandem. Fundamental
to these people-based and place-based strategies is the assumption that residents are both the beneficiaries
and the cocreators of improvements in their neighborhoods and the systems that serve them. However,
despite the centrality of place in these community initiatives, defining neighborhoods as they are
experienced by residents has proven challenging. This paper demonstrates how a household survey can
be used to ascertain residents' views of the place they refer to as their neighborhood. The study uses data
from the Making Connections (MC) target areas in 10 cities. A representative sample of households were
asked the name of their neighborhoods and instructed on how to draw maps of their neighborhoods as
they viewed them. GIS tools were used to uncover spaces within the MC target areas that residents
included in their definitions of neighborhood as well as spaces that seemed to fall outside their collective
definitions. The study revealed several overlapping areas that constituted resident-defined neighborhoods
within most Making Connections target areas. The paper discusses the implications of this diversity of
resident neighborhood perceptions for community change initiatives.


Purpose: A simple method was proposed to incorporate heterogeneous fluence distribution due to time‐dependent leaf motion of IMRT delivery into Monte Carlo based static dose calculation to predict the dose distribution inside a patient and the transmission dose distribution at the EPID.Method and Materials: Weighting factors stored in an efficiency map was incorporated into an open photon field of the Monte Carlo simulation (BEAMnrc, 2005) to mimic the heterogeneous fluence distribution of an IMRT field. The efficiency map was obtained by dividing the measured in‐air IMRT absolute dose distribution to that of the same open field using an aS500 EPID (Varian, Palo Alto, CA) which was carefully calibrated for absolute dose measurement. The EPID was setup at 140 cm SDD and 3.84 mm polystyrene phantom was used for the 6 MV photon beam to ensure full electronic buildup. Absolute dose calibration of Monte Carlo simulation was performed under a standard setup where absolute dose at a reference point was verified by ion chambermeasurement. Transmission dose comparison at the EPID for two dynamic wedge fields and two IMRT fields as well as absolute dose distributions at the midplane (SAD=100cm) of a 24.8 cm polystyrene phantom among film dosimetry,EPIDmeasurement and Monte Carlo simulation will be presented. Results: Max discrepancy of 3.3% was observed along the central axis for F1 IMRT field. In addition, penumbra along the field edge of the Monte Carlo simulation appeared to be 1–3 mm wider than EPID and film dosimetry.Conclusion: A simplified method to incoporate heterogeneous fluence distribution of IMRT fields into static Monte Carlo simulation for absolute dose verification was proven feasible. The system can also serve as an independent absolute dose check system to commercial TPS calculation.


In order to investigate microstructure evolution of Mn18Cr18N retaining ring during the multi-fire forging, a series of constitutive equations for dynamic recrystallization, static recrystallization, meta-dynamic recrystallization and grain growth were developed and implemented into a Deform FE simulator. The single-axial hot upsetting test has been performed to investigate the process of microstructure evolution and to show validity and effectiveness of the developed program. Then based on the modified boundary condition, hot forging process for 300MW retaining ring was put into effect. The results have displayed that the microstructure prediction tool was validated by comparing the simulated grain structure with that of the experiment and it could provide a reference to optimize forging processes in the production of retaining ring.


The purpose of this study was to evaluate utilization of the stainless steel crown by both the general and pediatric dentists in Indiana. Although reports indicate that there has been a dramatic reduction in dental caries in the US, almost 20 percent of children have dental decay by age four, with almost 80 percent having a cavity by 17 years of age. After reviewing the literature, Seale has recommended that the stainless steel crown is the most successful restoration for children with a rate of high caries. All dental schools in North America teach the value of using stainless steel crowns and the method of tooth preparation. We hypothesized that greater use of the stainless steel crowns would be made by specialists than by general dentists. In this study, of the 200 questionnaires distributed, 62.5 percent were returned and analyzed. The results imply that stainless steel crowns are being significantly underutilized in general dental practice. It is interesting, and perhaps of concern, that the general dentists are not interested in continuing education courses about this subject. Over the next few years, with the aging of the pediatric dental community in Indiana, general (not specialty) dentists will treat most of the children. Because of this, pre-doctoral education needs to place more emphasis on preparation and utilization of the stainless steel crown.


This work intend to broach structural elements that motivate institutions and health professionals to know and develop studies about hospital costs, emphasize the subject importance for the nursing professional.


Abstract This paper is concerned with the stability analysis of networked control systems with communication constraints, variable delays and variable sampling intervals. The scheduling of sensor communication is defined by a stochastic protocol. The activation probability of each sensor node is a given constant, whereas it is assumed that collisions occur with a certain probability. The resulting closed-loop system is a stochastic impulsive system with delays in the continuous dynamics and in the reset equations. The system matrices have stochastic parameters with Bernoulli distributions. Sufficient conditions for the exponential mean-square stability are derived via a Lyapunov-Krasovskii-based method. The efficiency of the method is illustrated on the example of a batch reactor. It is demonstrated how our time-delay approach allows treating network-induced delays larger than the sampling intervals.


Green issues in industrial and supply chain business processes have been receiving exponentially growing attention over the past decade. Consumers are demanding green products and services more and more, and on the other side of the marketplace, businesses and industries are now much more responsive to green issues. Furthermore, businesses and industrial systems are, in present conditions, positively reacting to green issues. From an academic perspective, there are considerable numbers of research on this topic in various disciplines. Thus, for the green strategies with respect to the sustainable development, this paper delves into the literature of the significance of sustainability concept with an emphasis on the ecological dimension and then brings a range of essential perspectives along with the applied framework of environmental reporting of industrial and supply chain business processes.


The density of the three ultramafic melts, PHN1611, IT8720, and MA at high pressure was determined by the sink-float method using olivine and diamond as density markers. Using these data, we obtain K and K' of the Birch-Murnaghan equation of state for the compression curves of the silicate melts. The density relation between the mantle minerals and the partial melt provides a possible fractionation mode in the deep mantle; accumulation of olivine and pyroxene could occur in the region just above the transition zone, and separation of the partial melt and garnet could provide a potential mechanism for enrichment of the basaltic component in the transition zone. The density relation between diamond, the mantle minerals, and the melt suggests a possibility for accumulation of diamond in the transition zone. Recent discovery of the high-pressure minerals as inclusions in diamond may be consistent with the present model of accumulation of diamond in the deep niantle. The compositional features of the high-pressure mineral inclusions in diamond are discussed on the basis of the mineral-melt partition coefficients determined in the laboratory. The present analysis implies that the compositions of the high-pressure phases in diamond, especially a high concentration of REE in Ca-perovskite cannot be explained by a simple chemical equilibrium at high temperature above 2000°C, but can be explained by (1) chemical equilibrium at low temperature around 1000-1200°C perhaps in the hydrous slab conditions, or (2) multiple events of partial melting and fractional crystallization, that preclude chemical equilibrium among mineral inclusions.


In the past decades, many policy sectors within European countries have encountered political reforms of neoliberal character. One of the key shifts has been the reorientation of public employment services that has been enforced, for example, through the establishment of what have been denoted as quasi-markets. Simultaneously with the rise of quasi-markets, welfare policy as a whole, including integration policy, has beenincreasingly oriented toward "activation", with its focus on the individual's obligationsand duties in relation to welfare services. These circumstances pose particular challenges to those charged with the governance of welfare services due to increasingly complex requirements for collaboration and control involving a multitude of actors. The reform is an example of a hybrid system where for- and non-profit actors compete for the"customer", in this case, the newly arrived immigrant. This article focuses on the changes in Swedish integration reform as an archetype of these changes and studies a clearly defined case study. Empirically, this study draws from both documents and interviews. The article illustrates an unregulated and ill-monitored policy containing a model that comprises mixed modes of steering. The governance of the reform bears traits from both centralist and cooperative forms of governance and, thereby, involves competing philosophies of steering.


Estimated responses of real oil prices and US gross domestic product (GDP) to oil supply disruptions vary widely. We show that most variation is attributable to differences in identification assumptions and in the model specification. Models that allow for a large short‐run price elasticity of oil supply imply a larger response of oil prices and a larger, longer lived contraction in US real GDP. We find that, if we condition on a range of supply elasticity values supported by microeconomic estimates, the differences in the oil price responses diminishes. We also examine the role of lag length, of using pre‐1973 data, alternative measures of real economic activity and using the median response function instead of the modal structural model.


Each individual is unique, with genetic factors that interact with a particular environment. Therefore, the daily energy requirements should be calculated individually and have to consider the several factors which influence them: basal metabolic rate, diet-induced thermogenesis, physical activity, specific diseases, among other factors. Food provides macronutrients: carbohydrates, proteins and lipids, as well as micronutrients: vitamins, minerals and oligoelements, which should be eaten daily in the recommended amounts during the life cycle, e.g. pregnancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood and aging. Health professionals can use the "Roda dos Alimentos Portuguesa" to teach and guide the population on how to eat, whether they are healthy or ill individuals, in order to meet their nutritional needs. Through this tool it is possible for everyone to understand and to practice a diet that is: 1) complete (eating foods from all groups), 2) balanced (to respect the proportions of each food group, adjusting the recommended portions/amounts for each individual), and 3) diversified (to choose different foods within each group). Some studies show that food marketing and advertising influence the consumers' choices since childhood. There is already some Regulation in this field, especially about nutrition and health claims. However, a permanent supervision of food marketing is necessary, to ensure compliance with the European Regulation from EFSA. It is crucial to teach and to encourage people to carefully read the food labels before purchasing. Health professionals should also be aware, academically and professionally, about the basics principles of Food and Health Promotion. The unique and essential role of the Professionals of Nutrition needs to be valued and recognized, and these professionals have to be integrated in sufficient number, in the multidisciplinary teams of the National Health Service, whether in Hospitals or Health Care Centers for the ambulatory population. These are the interventions and attitudes that make a difference and that are actually effective in preventing and/or treating many chronic diseases. Hence it is possible to improve health and quality of health services provided to the population (public health scope) and that of patients (clinical practice scope) as well as to optimize costs in health.


We present an analysis of the 2021 Althingi election in Iceland based on several key indicators obtained from the post-election voter survey of the Icelandic National Election Study (ICENES). The overall question we seek to address concerns the degree to which Icelandic politics have continued to move towards either recovery or transformation after the political and economic upheavals of 2008. The 2021 campaign and election were conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, when the government enjoyed high support across the political spectrum for its handling of the outbreak and its economic consequences. The election resulted in the coalition parties increasing their vote share by 1.5 percentage points. Based on the ICENES data, we find that 45% of voters switched parties in 2021, compared with 2017, which is slightly lower than in previous elections. On the issue dimensions of state–market and integration–isolation, we observe a sharp return towards more pro-market and pro-integration attitudes, respectively. Trust in politicians and satisfaction with how democracy works continued to increase from an all-time low in 2009. We also observe that the youngest age groups continued to be least likely to vote, spent less time following the campaign and were more inclined to follow news on social media. We conclude that Icelandic politics seem to have reached a balance after the crisis, albeit a new balance that is characterised by a more fragmented party system than before.


Almost two years have passed since the strongest typhoon (Haiyan) ever to make landfall ripped through the Philippines. The typhoon left no one untouched, and many people are still struggling to recover. To pinpoint the specific mechanisms affecting a person's ability to recover is not an easy task as all individual experiences are different. Previous studies have eloquently introduced variables that may affect the speed of post-disaster recovery, but some are still unknown or underexplored. With this thesis, I strive to contribute in filling this gap by suggesting that land tenure could be added as a variable of importance.Based on a field study, constituted by 441 surveys answered by people affected by the typhoon, as well as interviews conducted with relevant stakeholders of the recovery process, this thesis will propose to argue that even though there is no statistical evidence connecting tenure security with a speedy recovery, the lack of land delimits and delays recovery projects. The results do also indicate that the current buzzword of post-disaster recovery, social capital, yet again confirms its alleged role among the already established variables affecting the speed of recovery.


While the scholarship of teaching and learning is yet to become a mainstream activity across Ireland, it and the attendant three approaches for integrating research, teaching and learning are becoming more evident across the third level sector. As described by Jenkins and Healey (2005), the integration of research, teaching and learning takes four main forms: Research-led teaching and learning, whereby research findings are used to inform the curriculum; Researchoriented teaching and learning whereby the curriculum emphasises the processes by which knowledge is produced in the field; Research-based teaching and learning whereby students are engaged in authentic research; and Research-informed teaching and learning whereby the curriculum is informed by a systematic inquiry into the teaching and learning process itself. The Irish National Academy for Integration of Research, Teaching and Learning (NAIRTL) has encouraged, supported and rewarded efforts by Higher Education staff to engage with this continuum of inquiry into teaching and learning within their academic research, and has achieved this primarily through its Grants Initiative. A key challenge for NAIRTL is supporting the nascent communities of practice arising from projects supported by the Grants Initiative, and encouraging the dissemination of the resulting tools and new knowledge. NAIRTL has disbursed more than €1.2 million over four years to support 161 projects, two thirds of which are collaborative. The outputs of these projects include the development of innovative teaching tools, the creation of new academic learning communities, and the sharing of new thinking and research on teaching and learning approaches through journal articles, presentations, handbooks and online publications amongst many other examples. Using three NAIRTL funded projects as case studies, this paper will explore methods to support local good practices to become more mainstream, embedded activities. The paper will include reflections on the particular contexts, institutional and national, for supporting communities ofpractice and encouraging the dissemination and repurposing of outputs, and will also identify the challenges encountered and lessons learned along the way. Preliminary analysis suggests that growing from local good practice to a national activity requires three elements: (1) small, enthusiastic inter-institutional working groups comprised of key actors/decision makers, (2) well designed work plans with clear deliverables and deadlines, (3) a common purpose/focus, thus encouraging collegiality and the sharing of resources and experiences.


realignment procedures about the knee for symptomatic collateral ligament instability. The valgus knee with medial collateral instability and the varus knee with lateral instability are very difficult if not impossible to correct with surgery to the ligament structure alone. Realignment of the knee to defunction the lax ligaments will reduce or eliminate the symptoms due to the laxity. Twenty-seven cases of symptomatic collateral laxity were reviewed. Eight cases of medial collateral instability with valgus alignment underwent varus distal femoral osteotomy and 19 cases of lateral collateral laxity underwent valgus high tibial osteotomy. Many of these were complex instabilities, having had multiple previous operative procedures as well as having associated cruciate instability, but their major symptoms were the result of collateral instability. Preoperative alignment was documented with 3 foot


Leading meetings represent a typically and frequently performed leadership task. This study investigated the relationship between the leadership style of supervisors and employees' perception of meeting outcomes. Results showed that participants reported greater meeting satisfaction when their meeting leader was assessed as a considerate supervisor, with the relationship between considerate leadership style and meeting satisfaction being mediated by both relational- and task-oriented meeting procedures. The results, however, provide no support for initiating structure being associated with meeting effectiveness measures. More generally, the findings imply that leadership behavior is a crucial factor in explaining important meeting outcomes.


The key objective of this Workshop was to gather a 'steering group' of government departments, non-government organizations (NGOs) and research institutions in Southeast Asia to raise awareness of the magnitude of the pangolin trade and discuss how to combat the illegal trade. The outputs included a list of recommendations and follow-up actions to be circulated among relevant organizations, which would assist enforcement agencies in prioritizing and focusing their efforts to halt this illegal trade.


Sections of leaf lamina, leaf sheath and branches of adult Guadua paniculata collected in Costa Rica, were studied ultrastructurally. Diagnostic ultrastructural characteristics include the cellular pattern of the adaxial zone in the leaf blade; the large unicellular trichomes of the abaxial area, the more numerous auricular trichomes, grouped in number of 17, the pattern of cuticular wax and the bands of stomata surrounded by ceric papillae. Rev. Biol. Trop. 54(Suppl. 2): 29-34. Epub 2006 Dec. 01.


OBJECTIVE
To provide comparative evidence for a valid and practical measure of mental-status functioning that could be used in dementia clinics.

DESIGN
Five mental-status neuropsychological tools for dementia screening were administered to patients in a memory disorder clinic. These included the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Dementia Rating Scale, the 6-item derivative of the Orientation-Memory-Concentration Test, a short Mental Status Questionnaire, and a composite tool we labeled the Ottawa Mental Status Examination, which assessed orientation, memory, attention, language, and visual-constructive functioning. The tools were compared using various criteria, including the statistical factors of sensitivity and reliability; effects of gender, native language, and language of testing; the utility of these tests for the differential diagnosis of Alzheimer-type and vascular dementia; and sensitivity to cognitive decline in the entire sample and among patients with severe dementia.

RESULTS
All of the tests were highly intercorrelated, suggesting that they are interchangeable.

CONCLUSION
The comparisons along the various criteria indicate that if the objective is to have a general index of dementia of the Alzheimer type, short tests are at least as good and sometimes better than the longer tests.


The limit of the direct effects of the Charlevoix astrobleme in the upper part of the Earth's crust outlines approximately a revolution paraboloid about a vertical axis. It reaches 14 km in depth below the center of the astrobleme and exhibits a 27 km radius at the present-day ground surface. The microearthquakes, which reflect the regional crustal stresses in eastern North America, occur on the normal faults characteristic of the St. Lawrence Lowland tectonic terrain mainly near the astrobleme paraboloid or near a second paraboloid located 7.9 km outside the first one. This second one could result from some yet undefined interference between the crust–mantle boundary and the shock wave responsible for the formation of the astrobleme 350 Ma ago. The very low seismic activity in the vicinity of Petite-Riviere–Saint-Francois may imply that energy is now building up in that area.


To tackle the onset of big data, visual analytics seeks to marry the human intuition of visualization with mathematical models' analytical horsepower. A critical question is, how will humans interact with and steer these complex models? Initially, users applied direct manipulation to such models the same way they applied it to simpler visualizations in the premodel era--using control panels to directly manipulate model parameters. However, opportunities are arising for direct manipulation of the model outputs, where the users' thought processes take place, rather than the inputs. This article presents this new agenda for direct manipulation for visual analytics.


This paper presents the limitations of classical Shewhart control charts and some possibilities of statistical process control that can be used when the basic assumptions about data have not been fulfilled. These basic assumptions that must be met include mainly a requirement on the normality of the data, the requirement for constant mean and variance, and last but not least the requirement for mutual independence of data. In practice, those assumptions about the data are not necessarily always met. The aim of this article is to introduce the problems (such as normality failure, data dependence) that can occur when applying the classic Shewhart control charts. Additional aim of this article is to describe some non-parametric control charts and concretely introduce one of the non-parametric control charts, namely Shewhart sign control chart, including a practical example from a metallurgical process. During preparation of this article accessible pieces of knowledge on the issue were compared. Comparing the parametric and nonparametric methods it was found that nonparametric methods have many advantages and for cases where some of the basic assumptions about the data are not met they are appropriate.


The morphostratigraphyof two macrotidal, low energy, sandy barrier systems on the central Queensland coastlme (Australia) were investigated. The barriers contain transgressive and regressive sequences and are underlain by a continuous layer of basal transgressive mud, which is exposed at approximately 10 m water depth. The thickness of the macrotidal barrier sequences is 8-12 m, and the limited vertical extent of the barriers is ascribed to the low wave energy level (wave height < 0.6 m) and the gentle gradient of the continental shelf (1/1,000) off the central Queensland coastline. Offshore sediment and seismic data indicate an inner shelf depleted of Holocene sediments, with a pre-Holocene substratum outcropping in many places. The stratigraphy of both barrier systems suggests that (a) sea level was about 2 m higher than present at the maximum postglacial marine transgression (PMT) and (b) a tidal window may have occurred close to PMT.


A comprehensive model of laser propagation in the atmosphere with a complete adaptive optics (AO) system for phase compensation is presented, and a corresponding computer program is compiled. A direct wave-front gradient control method is used to reconstruct the wave-front phase. With the long-exposure Strehl ratio as the evaluation parameter, a numerical simulation of an AO system in a stationary state with the atmospheric propagation of a laser beam was conducted. It was found that for certain conditions the phase screen that describes turbulence in the atmosphere might not be isotropic. Numerical experiments show that the computational results in imaging of lenses by means of the fast Fourier transform (FFT) method agree well with those computed by means of an integration method. However, the computer time required for the FFT method is 1 order of magnitude less than that of the integration method. Phase tailoring of the calculated phase is presented as a means to solve the problem that variance of the calculated residual phase does not correspond to the correction effectiveness of an AO system. It is found for the first time to our knowledge that for a constant delay time of an AO system, when the lateral wind speed exceeds a threshold, the compensation effectiveness of an AO system is better than that of complete phase conjugation. This finding indicates that the better compensation capability of an AO system does not mean better correction effectiveness.


The active appearance model (AAM) algorithm matches statistical models of shape and texture to images rapidly by assuming a linear relationship between the texture residual and changes in the model parameters. When the texture is represented as raw intensity values, this has been shown to be a reasonable approximation in many cases. However, models built on them are sensitive to changes in illumination conditions. This paper examines the effect of using different representations of image texture to improve the accuracy and robustness of the AAM search. We show that normalising the gradient images by non-linear techniques can give much improved matching with higher accuracy and a wider effective range of convergence


Reed Sternberg (RS) cells in the setting of small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) can complicate the histopathological diagnosis. We report a case of a man aged 54 years who presented with cervical lymphadenopathy. Resection of the lymph node was performed and sent for histopathological evaluation to a local laboratory. A diagnosis of SLL with Classic Hodgkin's lymphoma (CHL) was made. The medical oncologist who encountered this diagnosis for the first time sent the biopsy blocks to our laboratory for a second opinion. On review of the biopsy and immunohistochemical stains, it showed typical SLL morphology and immunophenotype. Focally, it showed large mononuclear RS type cells; however, no typical background of CHL was seen. The diagnosis was revised to 'SLL with RS like cells with no convincing evidence of CHL'. The patient was subsequently treated as a case of SLL and no progression was observed on a follow-up of 5 years.


The UID approach (User Involved Development) is suggested to improve software development process. Its aim is to admit users as its subject. The UID approach shows an attempt to combine features of hard and soft methodologies. The user focus leads to users' involvement in the process. An initial questionnaire survey of all potential users is recommended. There are suggested specified forms of developers-users cooperation to provide a continual feedback between both sides. Business process modeling, software product assessment by all its users, competency-based selection to play various roles, construction of questionnaires --are examples of methods in use.


Lifestyle interventions involving exercise and diet can reduce the progression of type 2 diabetes, yet these interventions are often short-lived due to expenses and difficulty with sustainability. Progressing toward self-management and behaviour change maintenance is also challenging after intervention completion. If ongoing supports are in place to support individuals with the long-term behaviour change process beyond the immediate intervention, individuals are more likely to be successful on their journey. Small Steps for Big Changes is a 3-week counselling program housed within a community setting that aims to help people make exercise and diet lifestyle changes. Therefore, to understand how to best support participants beyond the duration of the program, a knowledge sharing event was held for 14 women who completed the intervention 1 year previously. The women engaged in one focus group (audio-recorded, lasting 85 min) to discuss challenges experienced throughout their behaviour change journey and recommendations for continued support. A thematic analysis was conducted and three recommendation areas were identified: (a) establishing support networks with peers (mentorship pairing, social media groups, walking groups, monthly meetings); (b) continuing support from trainers (drop-in hours, advisory groups); and (c) creating platforms to communicate prediabetes-related information (newsletter, pamphlets). Recommendations have been implemented into the community to support these women, and other individuals, throughout and beyond the 3-week program throughout and their behaviour change journeys. This research provides insight as to supports that can be utilized to improve the effectiveness of a community-housed intervention beyond immediate delivery.Acknowledgments: Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research


A wide range of patients with symptomatic heart failure seek treatment in the emergency department. While there is no single approach to the diversity of patients with acutely decompensated heart failure, certain overarching principles apply. For patients with acute pulmonary edema or cardiogenic shock, the first priority must be rapid stabilization and treatment of reversible problems. For patients with less dramatic presentations, a more systematic search for precipitating factors may be required. Therapy, in general, is directed at reversing dyspnea and/or hypoxemia caused by pulmonary edema, improving systemic perfusion, and reducing myocardial oxygen demand. While morphine and diuretics still have their traditional roles, vasodilators and inotropic agents play an increasingly important part in the modern pharmacologic approach to decompensated heart failure in the emergency department. After evaluation and stabilization in the emergency department, most patients will require hospital admission, although a subset of low-risk patients may be appropriate for discharge to home following a period of observation. Strategies to optimize emergency department care are likely to have an impact upon patient outcomes and upon resource utilization.


Deciding what mix of engine and battery power to use is critical to hybrid vehicles' fuel efficiency. Current solutions consider several factors such as the charge of the battery and how efficient the engine operates at a given speed. Previous research has shown that by taking into account the future power requirements of the vehicle, a more efficient balance of engine vs. battery power can be attained. In this paper, we utilize a probabilistic driving route prediction system, trained using Inverse Reinforcement Learning, to optimize the hybrid control policy. Our approach considers routes that the driver is likely to be taking, computing an optimal mix of engine and battery power. This approach has the potential to increase vehicle power efficiency while not requiring any hardware modification or change in driver behavior. Our method outperforms a standard hybrid control policy, yielding an average of 1.22% fuel savings.


This paper describes that in high-speed flight of the projectile, temperature of fuze changes due to aerodynamic heating caused by the projectile surface layer, thus likely to impact fuze mechanical structure and internal circuit performance, even worse it can affect work of the fuze. So this paper studies the projectile surface aero-dynamic with the Supersonic flight of projectile based on Fluent software, then it can get the displacement of fuze component which caused by thermal stress using transient thermal analysis based on Ansys software. Therefore it can provide effective technical support for the design of fuze.


This study examines the impact of racial isolation on high school student performance in North Carolina, a state in the southeast United States. Our research goal is to investigate if increased isolation negatively impacts Black students' academic performance. Employing the North Carolina State Department of Public Instruction (NCDPI) dataset, we test for this using Algebra I and English I scores on End-of-Course exams for ninth graders (N = 134,646) during the 2007-2008 school year. We control for student-level characteristics, such as race and ethnicity, economic disadvantage (eligibility for free and reduced-price lunch), and designation as gifted. We also analyze the effect of school-level characteristics, such as teacher experience, teacher training (advanced degree), teacher accreditation (fully licensed), and the percentage of students who were Black or Latino. Our results suggest racial isolation adversely impacts student performance on Algebra I by as much as three points. With our restricted hierarchical dataset and multi-level modeling, we (a) contribute to the growing body of literature, which finds a negative association between racial isolation/segregation and student performance, and (b) find teacher attributes can moderate some of the adverse student outcomes.


The current article presents and justifies the wise use of natural analogies in teaching Firm culture at the Universities and in consulting activities in organizations, associated with necessary study of an existing firm culture, before undertaking change management initiatives that are intended to ensure lasting effects. The meanings and structures of widely used cultural metaphors such as an iceberg, a tree, an onion, a water-lily, an apple and an egg are described and analyzed here.


ABSTRACT The author compares the original story of Cinderella with the modern fairy tale created by the news media in covering the Apollo Program. This comparison builds the basis for the design of Cinderella Lunar Mission, a pseudo-lunar mission consisting, variously, of an installation, fake news reports, a lunar mission network game and real-world action www.cinderellalunarmission.com. Inspired by Cinderella's glass slipper, the exclusive sign of her identity, Cinderella Lunar Mission examines the idea of shifting identity and ways of fabricating new fairy tales using such digital technologies as programmatic text, network games and barcode identification.


MC decompositions during thermal exposure have been investigated in three conventional cast Ni-base superalloys, GTD111, IN738LC, and CM247LC. MC decomposition in GTD111 and IN738LC depends on exposure temperature. While MC decomposed into M23C6 at 982°C, η formed from MC after exposure at 927°C and 871°C. Ta and Ti separated from MC during thermal exposure made η phase to form instead of γ'. The decomposition of the MC in CM247LC depends on their morphology and position. Segregation during casting process affected the morphology and composition of MC type carbide in this alloy. Acicular M6C was found near scriptal MC in the dendrite. Blocky MC near γ-γ' eutectic decomposed into M23C6. Both M23C6 and M6C can be found on grain boundary after thermal exposure in CM247LC.


This report is based on a joint study between the Citizens Information Board (formerly Comhairle) and
Disability Federation of Ireland (DFI). The focus of the report is on the housing and accommodation1
needs of people with disabilities as experienced by people with disabilities and their families as well as
by voluntary and community organisations working with them.
A three-pronged methodological approach was used in the study to gain insight into the social realities
and experiences of people with disabilities and their families – a survey of voluntary/community
organisations, focus groups (involving people with disabilities and voluntary/community organisation
representatives) and identification of case examples.
There was wide consultation with people with disabilities and with a diverse group of organisations
working in the disability field. Some of the organisations consulted are housing service providers, others
provide complementary support services and for some the main focus is on advocacy on behalf of their
members. Feedback based on the experience of users of Citizens Information Services (CIS) throughout
the country was an integral part of the study.
The report highlights key factors which impact on the ability of people with disabilities to access
accommodation appropriate to their needs. It points to a need for new thinking which would address
the accommodation and related support needs of people with disabilities in the context of social
inclusiveness, equality of access and the provision of accessible and integrated living environments.
This approach would be significantly different to the approach which sees the accommodation needs of
people with disabilities being met primarily in the context of 'special needs housing'.
The study findings confirm and expand on many issues relating to the accommodation needs of people
with disabilities that have been identified in recent years by both the voluntary/community disability
sector and by Government. Areas where existing policies have fallen short are highlighted in the report.
The main challenges for the emerging housing policy agenda in respect of people with disabilities are
outlined and key pointers for policy-makers seeking to address these challenges are provided.


The multiple traveling salesmen problem with moving targets (MTSPMT) is a generalization of the classical traveling salesmen problem (TSP), where the targets (cities or objects) are moving over time. Additionally, for each target a visibility time window is given. The task is to find routes for several salesmen so that each target is reached exactly once within its visibility time window and the sum of all traveled distances of all salesmen is minimal. Applications of the described problem class can be found, e.g., in supply logistics and in the defense sector. Such instances can be very large in the number of variables and therefore time consuming to solve numerically. In handling the time aspect in different ways we present four distinct modeling approaches for the MTSPMT. First we present a time-discrete formulation embedded in a time-expanded network. The second model uses big-M constraints to arrange the time in a continuous way, which leads to a quadratic programming problem. The other two models comprise a time-relaxation approach where time-feasibility is ensured by solving a number of subprograms. For modeling of the subprograms to reintegrate time, again two possibilities are available: time discretization and applying big-M constraints. The solution procedure to solve the time-relaxed variants is proposed and computational results for randomly generated test instances to compare all different modeling approaches are presented. For problem instances with a fine discretization the time-relaxed variant with continuous times is the most promising one with respect to computational running times. A. Stieber∗ Tel.: +49-40-6541-2755 E-mail: email@example.com A. Fügenschuh∗ Tel.: +49-40-6541-3540 E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com ∗Helmut Schmidt University / University of the Federal Armed Forces Hamburg Holstenhofweg 85, 22043 Hamburg, Germany 2 Stieber, Fügenschuh


Abstract Coal is a natural energy resource which is mainly used for energy production via combustion. Coal has nanocrystals embedded in it, formed during the coalification process, and is an ideal precursor for nano-carbon dots and diamonds. Herein, we report a facile top-down method to synthesise nanodots and diamonds of the size of 5 nm to 10 nm from three different types of coal by simple chemical leaching. TEM analysis revealed the formation of a mixture of carbon dots, graphene layers, and quantum dots in bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal. Raman analysis confirmed the existence of synthesized nanodiamond and nano-carbon mixed phase with defects associated with it. It is concluded that graphene quantum dots, nanodiamonds, graphene sheets and carbon dots present in coal can be extracted by simple chemical treatment. These structures can be tuned to photoluminescent material for various optoelectronic applications or energy harvesting devices like super capacitors.


Aimed at problems lying in the exiting methods for calculation of laterally loaded piles installed in layered soils, the elasto-plasticity solution of cast-in-place concrete pipe pile with large diameter (PCC pile) in layered soil under lateral load based two-parameter foundation model and unity limiting force profile, deduced the finite difference solution based unity limiting force profile(LFP), established the calculation program of the displacement and internal force of pile. It was shown that the calculated pile moment and pile displacement coincided very well by computation and comparison of model test and FEM, verified the method's correction. Meanwhile, the method was more precise and efficient than the existing conversion methods of subgrade modulus. Therefore, it could be useful for the design and analysis of PCC pile under lateral load.


A microprocessor-based unit to aid the teaching of digital systems design is described. The unit comprises a patchboard interfaced to a microcomputer which simulates logic blocks of any desired complexity; these may be physically interconnected on the patchboard to assemble a digital system. The configuration of logic blocks on the patchboard is specified by data in the microcomputer's memory; this may easily be changed to provide a range of systems experiments using the same equipment. The patchboard configuration may be described by a sequence of statements written in a special-purpose language, in order to provide a specification suitable for experimental procedure. The statements are processed by a translation program which generates the appropriate simulation code and data for the controlling microprocessor's memory.


In 1996 a side channel was excavated on 629 hectares of former agricultural land at Upper Hamburg Bend on the Missouri River in Otoe County, NE. This was the first side channel constructed on the Missouri River in an attempt to restore lost aquatic habitat. The initial design was for an approximately 4,200 m long side channel to be constructed with a 3 m bottom width. Development ofthe site was to be dependent on flows diverted from the main channel of the river with a final projected top width of 61 m. The side channel was completed in the spring, and shortly thereafter the site was subjected to a series of flood events. The side channel has been subjected to periods of both high and low water since opening. We documented physical changes at the site with the aid of aerial photography, acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) surveys, and topographic surveys. By 2010 the side channel was 4,342 m long with a mean top width of89.5 m. Channel development has occurred during periods of high and low water. ADCP surveys established that mean depths and velocities have increased since 2001. An increase in the amount of discharge through the side channel since 2001 has resulted in the loss of some of the shallower and lower velocity habitats. Modifications to the site may be necessary to reverse this loss of shallow, slow water habitat that the side channel was designed to provide. Although new off-channel aquatic habitat has been created, channel development has been impacted by the presence of rock control structures throughout the site. Reducing the number of control structures to the minimum necessary to prohibit the side channel from impacting adjacent properties may allow the continued restoration of lost alluvial processes through the ongoing process of bend development and migration.


A prospective epidemiological study with respect to pyrethroid exposure was carried out combining clinical examination, indoor monitoring and biological monitoring. The results of the biological monitoring are presented. Biological monitoring was performed in 57 persons before (T1) as well as 1 day (T2), 3 days (T3), 4-6 months (T4), and 10-12 months (T5) following a pest control operation (PCO) with pyrethroid containing products such as cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin or permethrin. Pyrethroids in blood were measured by GC-ECD. The respective metabolities cis- and trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (DCCA), cis-3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (DBCA), 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) and fluorophenoxybenzoic acid (FPBA) were measured in urine using GC/MS. For all cases the concentrations of pyrethroids in blood were found to be below the detection limit of 5 micrograms/l before and after the PCO. With a detection limit of 0.2 microgram/l of the investigated metabolites, the percentage of positive samples were 7% for cis-DCCA, 3.5% for trans-DCCA and 5.3% for 3-PBA before PCO. One day after PCO (T2) the percentage of positive samples increased remarkably for cis-DCCA (21.5%), trans-DCCA (32.1%) and 3-PBA (25%) showing significantly increased internal doses as compared to pre-existing values. This holds also true for T3, whereas at T4 and T5 the significant increase was no more present. FPBA and DBCA concentrations were below the respective detection limit before PCO and also in most cases after PCO. In 72% of the subjects the route of pyrethroid uptake (measured by determining the DCCA isomeric ratio) was oral/inhalative and in 28% it was dermal. Based on the biological monitoring data it could be shown that appropriately performed pest control operations lead to a significant increase of pyrethroid metabolite concentration in the early phase (1 and 3 days) after pyrethroid application as compared to the pre-exposure values. However, evaluated metabolite concentrations 4-6 months after PCO did not exceed values of published background levels.


We describe a rearing protocol that allowed us to raise the threatened butterfly, Argynnis diana (Nymphalidae), while bypassing the first instar overwintering diapause. We compared the survival of offspring reared under this protocol from field-collected A. diana females from North Carolina, Georgia, and Tennessee. Larvae were reared in the lab on three phylogenetically distinct species of Southern Appalachian violets (Viola sororia, V. pubescens, and V. pedata). We assessed larval survival in A. diana to the last instar, pupation, and adulthood. Males reared in captivity emerged significantly earlier than females. An ANOVA revealed no evidence of host plant preference by A. diana toward three native violet species. We suggest that restoration of A. diana habitat which promotes a wide array of larval and adult host plants, is urgently needed to conserve this imperiled species into the future.


Through exquisite photography and drawings, this book presents romantic and dramatic cottages in a range of styles from the contemporary to the traditional.Placing particular emphasis on interior design, it displays beautiful decoration as well as focusing on the design of such very cottage-like elements as fireplaces, porches, and kitchens. The cottages presented have been selected for their excellence in design, innovative use of materials and methods of construction. Each case study includes interior and exterior photography by some of the finest architectural photographers working today; drawings include site plans, details, and floor plans.


: A method of construction of isobologram and its approximation is proposed for a quantitative assessment of the relationship between a change in LD50 of one substance (poison) and increasing doses of other (antidote). It is recommended to determine the coefficient of the action of the substances on each other. Its value in cases of antagonism is in the range of from 0 to - infinity and in cases of synergism from 0 to + infinity. A formula for the calculation of the coefficient and a geometrical method for the determination of its value are given. The method assumes the identification of a mean error of the coefficient and its confidence limits.


In elastic-plastic fracture toughness of the three-point bend specimens (3P-SENB) test, fracture toughness is obtained as a function of the energy put into the specimen, and it is measured from the area under the load versus load-line displacement record. A fraction of this energy is not developed as a work in the crack tip, but it is expended in plastic deformation near the loading points. There also exists an overestimation of this energy because of spurious displacements involved between measurement points when a remote transducer is used to measure the load-line displacement. Actual standards provide some techniques to discriminate this spurious energy from the total measured energy. By checking the experimental setup performance, some differences are evident between the proposed corrections and the real phenomenon during the test. In this paper a simple method for measuring the load-line displacement is proposed, which is able to avoid automatically the spurious energy. The energy developed by the load components on the outer loading points and its contribution on J is also discussed, and equations to take into account this energy are proposed.


Methylation of bacterial DNA can regulate microbial growth and virulence. Expression of hpyIM, a conserved methyltransferase of the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori, was quantitated in gastric biopsy specimens from 41 H. pylori-infected patients and during growth in vitro, by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and/or RNA slot-blot analysis, to determine whether levels of transcription were associated with pathologic outcome, as based on both severity of gastritis and inflammatory cytokine levels, or were regulated by bacterial growth phase. The effects that hpyIM inactivation has on bacterial morphology were determined by electron microscopy. Expression of hpyIM varied dramatically within colonized gastric tissue, and levels were not related to either colonization density, severity of inflammation, mucosal IL-8 concentrations, or clinical disease. In vitro, hpyIM expression was higher during log-phase growth and was required for normal bacterial morphology, suggesting that hpyIM expression may be growth-phase regulated within the gastric niche.


ABSTRACT Three new species of Lygistorrhina (Probolaeus) Williston, 1896 are described, Lygistorrhina maculipennis n. sp., Lygistorrhina conica n. sp. and Lygistorrhina mitarakensis n. sp. The material was collected mainly by Malaise and SLAM traps in Mitaraka, southwestern French Guiana, during the "Our Planet Revisited" expedition in 2015. Lygistorrhina cerqueirai Lane, 1958 and Lygistorrhina urichi Edwards, 1912 are illustrated and their descriptions emended. A key to all known species of the subgenus Lygistorrhina (Probolaeus) is provided.


Abstract:Weber's journalistic activity is considered in its own right and common themes are brought out from his involvement in the mass media. The role of the mass media in 'Politics as a Vocation' and in Weber's proposed sociology of the press is analysed. There is a dialectic specific to the media and modernity and its key feature is anonymisation. Capitalist newspapers tend to depoliticisation and journalists are no allowed to use their own names, leading to a failure of journalist judgement detrimental to democratic discussion. Weber in outlining his press enquiry highlighted the interaction between the press as an objective component of culture and its influence on the subjective personality of modern man. Weber's enquiry anticipates the later sociology of the press in America.


Numerous wartime meteorological researches have contributed greatly to our understanding of the mechanism of atmospheric processes, but any resultant improvement in weather forecast accuracy to date has been highly questionable. Wartime experiences have emphasized that the usual complement of personnel in a weather station is wholly inadequate and incapable of analyzing and digesting the abundant data in the form of surface observations, rasonde-rawin soundings, pilot reports and weather reconnaissance reports now available to the meteorologists. Although meteorologists are not agreed as to its operational feasibility, the concept of divorcing analysis from forecasting was demonstrated to be, in all major operational efforts during the War, the only practicable solution to the problem of making maximum use of available data. The establishment of key analysis centers manned by expert analysts who devote their entire energies to the analysis of weather data in chart form which are transmitted by facsimile to the field forecaster has proved to be the best and only method for handling the wealth of available weather information and has resulted in a maximum efficiency in the prepara- tion of forecasts. A principle was established that forecasting responsibility must be decentralized and given to those meteorologists immediately associated with the particular forecasting problem. The recognition and application of the principle of separation of analysis from forecasting will result in an immediate increase in forecast efficiency and accuracy and will create the only firm basis upon which private meteorology can be established.


As the Victorians excavated the earth to create canals and railways in the early part of the nineteenth century, geological discoveries brought to light new narratives of the prehistoric, ideas that resounded in British society, art, and literature of the period. This engaging and generously illustrated book explores the Victorian fascination with all things prehistoric. Michael Freeman shows how men and women were both energized and unsettled by the realization that the formation of the earth over hundreds of millions of years and Darwin's theories about the origins of life contradicted what they had read in the Bible. He describes the rock and fossil collecting craze that emerged, the sources of inspiration and imagery discovered by writers and artists, and the new importance of geologists and paleontologists. He also discusses the cathedral-like museums that sprang up in cities and towns, shrines to all that was progressive in the age but still clothed in the trappings of traditional ideas.


The adaptive potential of invasive species is thought to decrease during founding events due to reduced genetic diversity, limiting the new population's ability to colonize novel habitats. Barbary ground squirrels (Atlantoxerus getulus) were purportedly introduced as a single breeding pair to the island of Fuerteventura but have expanded to over a million individuals spread across the island in just over 50 years. We estimated the number of founders and measured the level of genetic diversity in this population using the mitochondrial displacement loop and microsatellite markers. Island samples (n = 19) showed no variation in the d-loop, suggesting a single founding female, while Moroccan samples (n = 6) each had unique mitochondrial haplotypes. The microsatellite data of the island population (n = 256 individuals) revealed a small effective population size, low levels of heterozygosity, and high levels of inbreeding, supporting a founding population size of two to three individuals. Our results suggest that A. getulus has undergone an intense genetic bottleneck during their colonization of the island. They are one of the few species where introduction effort does not explain invasion success, although further investigation may explain how they have avoided the worst expected effects following an extreme genetic bottleneck.


A large amount of research has been done on toxoplasmosis in the last 30 years, and the world-wide incidence of the infection, and its clinical manifestations, are recognized and documented in an extensive literature. New discoveries concerning the life-cycle of the organism (Frenkel, I970; Hutchison, Dunachie, Siim, and Work, I970) promise to solve many of the problems of the transmission of infection and will give added stimulus to epidemiological studies. In the field of ophthalmology the importance of toxoplasmosis is now established, but some problems still remain. The ocular lesions in infants with congenital toxoplasmosis are well recognized as pathogenic, but whether similar chorioretinal lesions in adults, although now acknowledged to be due to toxoplasmosis, result from recurrences of congenital infection or follow a postnatally acquired infection is still controversial. Other types of uveitis have been attributed to toxoplasmosis, and if this is correct it is important to recognize such cases. The present study attempts to clarify these problems by a review of the relevant literature supported by clinical studies in patients with uveitis. A further problem which will be discussed is whether congenital toxoplasmosis results from a chronic maternal infection or from one acquired during pregnancy: although this is not strictly an ophthalmological problem, ophthalmologists are often asked to advise on the prognosis for future pregnancies.


Social broadcasting networks facilitate the public exchange of information and contain a large amount of stock-related information. This data is increasingly analyzed by research and practice to predict stock market developments. Insights from social broadcasting networks are used to support the decision-making process of investors and are integrated into automatic trading algorithms to react quickly to broadcasted information. However, a comprehensive understanding about the influence of social broadcasting networks on stock markets is missing. In this study, we address this gap by conceptualizing and empirically testing a model incorporating three dimensions of social broadcasting networks: users, messages, and discussion. We analyze 1.84 million stock-related Twitter messages concerning the S&P 100 companies between January and April 2014 and corresponding intraday stock market data from NYSE and NASDAQ. Our research model is constructed applying factor analyses and tested using a fixed effects panel analysis. The results show that the influence of social broadcasting on stock markets is driven by the message and discussion dimensions whereas the user dimension has no significant influence. Specifically, the influence of user mentions, financial sentiment, discussion reach, and discussion volume has the largest impact and should carefully be considered by investors making trading decisions.


Bronislawa Ostrowska (1881-1928) was a Polish poet, novelist and translator. She was associated with the Young Poland movement at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20 th century. The poets of Young Poland (Boleslaw Leśmian, Jan Kasprowicz, Leopold Staff, Kazimiera Zawistowska, Maryla Wolska and others) were interested in the world of plants, especially fascinated them "the speech of flowers". Ostrowska describes the flowers of life and the flowers of death. In her poetry flowers sign, but their meaning is sometimes quite unexpected. For example, a rose becomes a symbol of death! The lily, a symbol of innocence, purity and virginity, in the lyric cycle Fragrance in flowers (Won kwiatow) manifests eroticism! I tried to decode this mystical universe and explain some secrets.


95% of all human problems stem from a negative mind. This figure includes such traits as timidity, domestic discord, business failure, bad memory, tenseness, unhappiness, worry, etc. You can do something about it... while you sleep! You are a mind with a body attached, not a body with a mind attached! Realize this and you are on your way to self-mastery. This is the new approach to the Conscious Mind through the other level that never sleeps, the Creative Mind. What you will discover is priceless! This book shows how to use the deepest thinking part of you, while you sleep, to get whatever you want out of life . . . money, personal influence, love, respect and admiration. At will, you can direct your Creative Mind to assist you in solving problems . . . making the right decisions ... in creating ways and means of great achievement . . . over night! With this technique you can sleep on it and awake in the morning with answers so clear-cut you will be amazed!


Inorganic/organic hybrid radial heterojunction solar cells that combine vertically-aligned n-type silicon nanowires (SiNWs) with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene-sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) have great potential for replacing commercial Si solar cells. The chief advantage of such solar cells is that they exhibit higher absorbance for a given thickness than commercial Si solar cells, due to incident light-trapping within the NW arrays, thus enabling lower-cost solar cell production. We report herein on the effects of NW length, annealing and surface electrode on the device performance of SiNW/PEDOT:PSS hybrid radial heterojunction solar cells. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the obtained SiNW/PEDOT:PSS hybrid solar cells can be optimized by tuning the thickness of the surface electrode, and the etching conditions during NW formation and post-annealing. The PCE of 9.3% is obtained by forming efficient transport pathways for photogenerated charge carriers to electrodes. Our approach is a significant contribution to design of high-performance and low-cost inorganic/organic hybrid heterojunction solar cells.


Anxiety symptoms are observed with quite frequency associated to allergic diseases. It's also detected in a certain number of defined psychiatric pathology. In the allergic service of a General Hospital a programme of Psychiatry liaison that develops activities focused on the clinical team and on the allergic patients was done. The performance with the clinical unit are focused in the integration of them based on the characteristics peculiarities of the allergic patient. There are a variety of activities with the patient they can go from an information plan to psychotherapy. The results observed after a year show a higher efficiency in the clinical unit, a decrease of stress and modification of some neurotic attitudes of the patients.


We have extended earlier studies on coronary vascular permeability-surface area (PS) for [14C]sucrose to include observations of the transcoronary flow resistance before and after partial occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Multiple-tracer (MT) studies were conducted on 13 anesthetized dogs by inserting an isotope mixture (125I-albumin, 51Cr-red blood cells, [14C]sucrose, 3HOH) into a cannula connecting the carotid and the left anterior descending coronary artery. Analysis of blood sampled from the coronary sinus allowed calculation of PS, extravascular 3HOH volume (VT), and extravascular [14C]sucrose volume (VS). Flow reduction significantly reduced VT and VS and increased PS/VT relative to base line. Coronary resistance distal to the obstruction (R) decreased significantly immediately after flow reduction but then, over the low-flow period, increased significantly above this initial low-flow value. The mean R during reduced flow normalized to R immediately after flow reduction (Ri) correlated significantly with PS/VT during ischemia. Because R/Ri is not correlated with VT alone, we speculate that capillary permeability alterations may play a role in the deterioration of myocardial perfusion during ischemia.


Among the current philosophical accounts of causation two are the most prominent. The first is James Woodward's interventionist counterfactual approach; the second is the mechanistic approach advocated by Peter Machamer, Lindley Darden, Carl Craver, Jim Bogen and Stuart Glennan. The counterfactual approach takes it that causes make a difference to their effects, where this difference-making is cashed out in terms of actual and counterfactual interventions. The mechanistic approach takes it that two events are causally related if and only if there is a mechanism that connects them. In this paper I examine them both in some detail. After pointing out some important problems that both approaches face, I argue that there is a sense in which the counterfactual approach is more basic than the mechanistic one in that a proper account of mechanisms depends on counterfactuals while counterfactuals need not be supported (or depend on) mechanisms. Nonetheless, I also argue that if both approaches work in tandem in practice, they can offer us a better understanding of aspects of Hume's secret connexion and hence a glimpse of it.


It is complex to simulate the system with continue controlled object and discrete controller, in order to avoid the complexity, a new method to describe the continue controlled object of internal combustion engine with discrete model was given, which is based on the principle of the total energy of an isolated system is constant and the theory of heat transfer in the cylinder, for the internal combustion engine has the special cycle of operation. In the paper, an example of ethanol-gasoline internal combustion engine was given to prove the modeling way is feasible. The digital fuzzy PID controller is design and the simulation results show that the controller is workable. The discrete model will be used in digital controller design and simulation for the fuel supplying control.


Research has demonstrated that participation in an interlock program significantly reduces the likelihood of subsequent driving while intoxicated (DWI) convictions at least so long as the interlock device is installed in the vehicle. Despite the growing number of jurisdictions that allow interlock programs and the demonstrated success of these programs, the proportion of DWI offenders who actually have the device installed is minimal. In an effort to increase the proportion of offenders using interlocks, some jurisdictions require offenders to install an interlock as a condition of license reinstatement whereas others merely offer offenders a reduction in the period of hard suspension if they voluntarily participate in an interlock program. The objective of the present study was to determine the extent to which voluntary interlock participants are more or less successful in terms of subsequent recidivism than those for whom interlock program participation has been mandated. The issue was addressed using data from the interlock program in Alberta, Canada, which provides for both mandatory and voluntary participation. The recidivism experience of voluntary and mandatory interlock participants was examined both during and after the period of interlock installation. Cox regression revealed that, after controlling for (or equating) the number of prior DWI offenses, the survival rates of DWI offenders who were ordered to participate in the interlock program did not differ from those of voluntary participants. These results suggest that further use of mandatory interlock programs should be just as successful as voluntary programs when offenders share characteristics with those studied in Alberta.


MITCHELL, J. PAUL, ed. Race Riots in Black and White. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1970, 179 pp., $5.95, L.C. 77-104847. The editor has selected short pieces, many of journalistic origin, indicative of the plight and temper of the American Negro from early slave days to the present. Parallels are drawn between reconstruction and the urban crisis of the present day. The theme and focus of the volume is the historical pattern of interracial violence as the result of a caste system which favors the white and subjugates the black.


Background: The nature of perceptual-cognitive expertise in interactive sports has gained more and more scientific interest over the last two decades. Research to understand how this expertise can be developed has not been addressed profoundly yet. In approaches to study this with interventional designs, only few studies have scrutinized several levels of transfer such as to the field. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of a generic off-court perceptual-cognitive training in elite volleyball players on three different levels: task-specific, near-transfer, and far-transfer effects. Based on overlapping cognitive processes between training and testing, we hypothesized task-specific improvements as well as positive near- and far-transfer effects after a multiple-object tracking training intervention. Methods: Twenty-two volleyball experts completed a 8-week three-dimensional (3D) multiple-object tracking (3D-MOT) training intervention. A control group (n = 21; volleyball experts also) participated in regular ball practice only. Before and after training, both groups performed tests on the 3D-MOT, four near-transfer tests in cognitive domains, and a far-transfer, lab-based, and volleyball-specific blocking test. Results: The results of the 2 × 2 analysis of variance (ANOVA) (group, time) showed significant interaction effects in the 3D-MOT task [F(1,40) = 93.10; p < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.70] and in two near-transfer tests [sustained attention: F(1,40) = 15.45; p < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.28; processing speed: F(1,40) = 12.15; p = 0.001; ηp2 = 0.23]. No significant interaction effects were found in the far-transfer volleyball test. Conclusions: Our study suggests positive effects in task-specific and two near-transfer tests of a perceptual-cognitive intervention in elite volleyball athletes. This supports a partial overlap in cognitive processing between practice and tests with the result of positive near-transfer. However, there are no significant effects in far-transfer testing. Although these current results are promising, it is still unclear how far-transfer effects of a generic perceptual-cognitive training intervention can be assured.


To address implementation challenges faced by some evidence-based youth psychotherapies, we developed an efficient transdiagnostic approach—a potential "first course" in evidence-based treatment (EBP)—guided by five empirically supported principles of therapeutic change. An open trial of the resulting FIRST protocol was conducted in community clinics. Following a 2-day training, staff practitioners treated 24 clinically referred youths ages 7–15, 50% male, 87% White and 13% Latino, all with the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.) anxiety, depressive, or conduct-related disorders, and averaging 2.21 disorders. We evaluated the protocol's (a) feasibility for use in everyday clinical practice (examining therapy process, client engagement, and therapist adherence and competence in using the protocol), (b) acceptability (examining therapeutic alliance and treatment satisfaction by youths, caregivers, and therapists), and (c) potential for clinical benefit (examining treatment outcomes across multiple measures and time points). FIRST scored well on measures of feasibility, acceptability to clients and clinicians, and clinical outcomes, matching or exceeding the corresponding scores in most benchmarking comparisons. Observational coding of sessions showed high levels of protocol adherence (86.6%) and good therapist competence in the evidence-based skills. Weekly assessments throughout treatment showed effect sizes for clinical improvement ranging from .41 to 2.66 on weekly total problems and problems deemed "most important" by caregivers and youths. The FIRST protocol showed evidence of feasibility, acceptability, and clinical benefit when used by practitioners with referred youths treated in community clinics. The findings suggest sufficient potential to justify a full randomized controlled trial of FIRST.


This paper deals with the professional partnership between librarian and faculty members in preserving dan publishing the intellectual heritages through the institutional repositories at Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University, Jakarta. As a new model or innovation of preservation and publishing, institutional repositories are regarded as the complex project. The collaboration among stakeholders, therefore, is required to the successful development of institutional repositories within the university. By using descriptive study, this paper explores the initiative program of the institutional repositories development and the roles of the librarian in bridging the self-submission by faculties. Based on the study, it was found that Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University has initiated the development of institutional repositories since 2010, and right now has become one of the biggest repositories among the Islamic universities in Indonesia. The proactive roles of the librarian as the repositories organizer and the willingness of librarians to collaborate with the faculties are the key factors of the successful development of the institutional repositories. Keywords—Institutional Repositories; Intellectual Heritages; Scholarly Communication; DSpace; Professional Partnership; Syarif Hidayatullah Islamic University


Building in silico models to predict chemical properties and activities is a crucial step in drug discovery. However, drug discovery projects are often characterized by limited labeled data, hindering the applications of deep learning in
this setting. Meanwhile advances in meta-learning have enabled state-of-the-art
performances in few-shot learning benchmarks, naturally prompting the question: Can meta-learning improve deep learning performance in low-resource
drug discovery projects? In this work, we assess the efficiency of the Model-Agnostic Meta-Learning (MAML) algorithm – along with its variants FO-MAML
and ANIL – at learning to predict chemical properties and activities. Using the
ChEMBL20 dataset to emulate low-resource settings, our benchmark shows that
meta-initializations perform comparably to or outperform multi-task pre-training
baselines on 16 out of 20 in-distribution tasks and on all out-of-distribution tasks,
providing an average improvement in AUPRC of 7.2% and 14.9% respectively.
Finally, we observe that meta-initializations consistently result in the best performing models across fine-tuning sets with k ∈ {16, 32, 64, 128, 256} instances.


STUDY DESIGN
Case report.

OBJECTIVE
Describe the clinical and radiological outcomes of a patient with a piezo-type mechanosensitive ion channel component 2 (PIEZO2)-deficient arthrogryposis receiving surgery for severe kyphoscoliosis.

SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA
Spinal deformity is a characteristic feature of arthrogryposis due to PIEZO2 gene deficiency, for which surgical correction is indicated when the deformity is progressive to avoid neurological deficits and respiratory impairment. However, there exist few reports on the surgical treatment of spinal deformity in PIEZO2-deficient arthrogryposis, and no therapeutic standards have been established.

METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed a case of proximal junctional kyphosis after posterior spinal fusion for severe kyphoscoliosis in PIEZO2-deficient arthrogryposis.

RESULTS
The patient was a 13-year-old girl with PIEZO2-deficient arthrogryposis who underwent posterior spinal fusion with an all-pedicle screw construct from T2 to L2 for a preoperative main thoracic curve Cobb angle of 78° and thoracic kyphotic angle of 83°. Postoperative Cobb angle of the main thoracic curve and thoracic kyphotic angle were improved at 11° and 34°, respectively. Although revision surgery was required for neurological deficits from proximal junctional kyphosis, she could walk with a crutch and improvements in clinical questionnaire scores were noted at 2 years and 3 months after surgery.

CONCLUSIONS
Based on the present case, posterior spinal fusion represents a good treatment option for severe spinal deformity in PIEZO2-deficient arthrogryposis. Careful consideration of fusion level is needed to prevent proximal junctional kyphosis.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
5.


Abstract A synthesis of the sedimentary evolution of the Upper Jurassic carbonate epeiric ramps that developed in the northern part of the Iberian Basin (NE Spain) is presented. The facies distributions reconstructed from the analysis of a 200 km-long transect, show a transition from shallow to relatively deep sedimentation sites. The studied carbonate ramps record major long-term transgression, from mid-Oxfordian to mid-Kimmeridgian followed by progressive basinwards coastal shift until the major regressive event around the mid-Berriasian. Subsidence was relatively homogeneous across the northern Iberian Basin during most of the studied interval. Major episodes of differential subsidence occurred around the Oxfordian–Kimmeridgian transition and onwards from the mid-Tithonian. The sedimentary evolution and particular facies types of the successive Iberian carbonate ramps is described, considering five depositional sequences that have a long-term transgressive-regressive evolution. The Oxfordian sequence shows a sharp transition from shallow to deep ramp areas: from mixed siliciclastic-carbonate (ooidal, skeletal, peloidal) facies to condensed (i.e. spongiolithic, peloidal, glauconitic) facies in the open platform domain. In the two Kimmeridgian sequences (Kim1 and Kim2), the transition between shallow and deep areas is more gradual and thickness distribution across the ramp is more homogeneous. Coral-microbial reefs and oolitic-peloidal-skeletal shoals characterized the shallow areas. Towards the offshore domain, these facies grade rapidly to a tempestite-dominated lithofacies and then into thick lime mudstone successions (i.e. rhythmic marls-mudstone alternations). Shallow oncolitic-peloidal and skeletal facies covered wide areas of the carbonate ramp during the early Tithonian (Ti1 sequence) and graded basinwards to thick successions of well-bedded micrites. The middle Tithonian to lower Berriasian platform (Ti2 sequence) is only partly exposed and formed during a stage of more heterogeneous subsidence. It is characterized by a thick succession with metre-scale shallowing-upward sequences with local development of peritidal, algal-laminated caps. The factors that controlled the sedimentary evolution and major facies changes across the successive epeiric carbonate ramps are discussed by comparison to other Upper Jurassic platforms developed in the western Tethyan realm.


We present the design and development of the electronic multi-beam radio astronomy concept (EMBRACE), a demonstrator that is part of the European contribution towards the square kilometre array, which is currently being designed by the global radio astronomical community. One of the design goals of EMBRACE is to demonstrate the applicability of phased array technology for use in future radio telescopes. The EMBRACE system will ultimately consist of two stations, the largest of which comprises over 20,000 elements and has a physical area of about 160 m2 . The antenna system, covering the 500-1500 MHz frequency range, is designed as a dual polarized system, however only the signals for one polarization are processed. To obtain a cost effective design, RF analog beam-forming is performed on tile level close to the radiators. The demonstrator is designed to provide two independent beams such that different parts of the sky can be observed simultaneously. First results from part of the array are presented and discussed. The results show that the complete data path is functional. Since the design resembles a large regular contiguous array, all coupling can be taken into account in the embedded element patterns. The array factor therefore suffices to describe the scanning of the array reducing significantly calibration complexity compared to, e.g. sparse, random or more irregular arrays. This is confirmed by the first array factor measurements, that were done using a novel technique that does not require calibration of the array. The first measurements on an astronomical source, the Sun, indicate that the system noise temperature lies between 104 and 118 K, which is reassuringly close to the design target of 100 K.


Background
Treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPi) has greatly improved survival for patients with advanced melanoma in recent years. Anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD1 antibodies have been approved following large Phase III trials. Immune-related neurological toxicity of varying severity has been reported in the literature. The cumulative incidence of neurotoxicity among ipilimumab, nivolumab and pembrolizumab is reported as <1% in published clinical trials. We aimed to identify the incidence of neurotoxicity in our institution across anti-CTLA4 and anti-PD-1 antibodies, including the combination of ipilimumab with nivolumab. We also review the existing literature and propose an investigation and management algorithm.

Methods
All patients with advanced melanoma treated with ipilimumab, nivolumab, pembrolizumab or the combination of ipilimumab and nivolumab (ipi + nivo), managed at the Royal Marsden Hospital between September 2010 and December 2015, including patients on (published) clinical trials were included. Medical records for each patient were reviewed and information on neurotoxicity recorded. A systematic search strategy was performed to collate existing reports of neurological toxicity.

Results
In total, 413 immunotherapy treatment episodes in 352 patients were included, with median follow-up of 26.7 months. Ten cases of neurotoxicity were recorded, affecting 2.8% of patients overall, ranging from grade 1 to 4, affecting both central and peripheral nervous systems. A rate of 14% was noted with ipi + nivo. Three of five patients commenced on corticosteroids responded to these. Six patients had made a full recovery at the time of reporting. A favorable radiological response was found in 7 of the 10 cases. Unusual presentations are described in detail.

Conclusions
Neurological toxicity is not uncommon, and may be more frequent in patients treated with combination ipi + nivo. Patterns of presentation and response to treatment are varied. A prompt and considered approach is required to optimize outcomes in this group of patients.


So-called varicosities of the fossa ovalis are rare, venous malformations, which have also been previously labeled angiomas. In four cases encountered as incidental autopsy findings, the microscopic appearance was that of dilated venous channels. Veins larger than 100 micrometer in diameter were found close to the posteroinferior rim of the fossa ovalis in 18 of 21 consecutive, routine autopsy cases. The pathogenesis of the venous dilation is unknown but it may be related to the development of the interatrial septim. The term venous malformation seems preferable to varix for such lesions.


Poor air quality (IAQ) and thermal discomfort in indoor environment have significant influence on people's work efficiency and health in offices, especially in newly built buildings, which have higher concentration of air contaminants. This aim of this study is to evaluate the level of IAQ and thermal comfort in newly built offices and provide some suggestions for future improvement.
Post occupancy evaluation (POE) was conducted in offices in a new building by physical measurement and subjective survey. The measurements were performed for 24 hours in one week in each office. Experiments consisted in measuring the indoor environment parameters such as air temperature, carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration and Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) concentration, particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10). Meanwhile, questionnaires were made to evaluate the occupants' thermal sensation. In this paper, the influence of ventilation by windows and door was investigated as well.
The results revealed the humidity was relative lower than recommended level in these offices. Humidification measures are needed. The questionnaires shown that the occupants feel the room temperature is relative higher. In addition, 21% of occupants presented high dissatisfaction percentage. The result of this study revealed the air quality as the major issue in indoor environment in the newly built case study building. The CO2 level was over 1000ppm during the occupied period. The average value of VOCs and TVOC were exceed the limit level without ventilation in the third and fourth months since occupied, while dramatically reduced to almost zero in May. The PM2.5 and PM10 level were low in these cases. Thus, adequate ventilation is necessary in new building within the first year after construction.


Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are ancient, currently inactive, and non-infectious due to recombination, deletions, and mutations in the host genome. However, HERV-derived elements are involved in physiological phenomena including inflammatory response. In recent studies, HERV-derived elements were involved directly in various inflammatory diseases including autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Sjogren's syndrome. Regarding the involvement of HERV-derived elements in inflammation, two possible mechanisms have been proposed. First, HERV-derived elements cause nonspecific innate immune processes. Second, HERV-derived RNA or proteins might stimulate selective signaling mechanisms. However, it is unknown how silent HERV elements are activated in the inflammatory response and what factors and signaling mechanisms are involved with HERV-derived elements. In this review, we introduce HERV-related autoimmune diseases and propose the possible action mechanisms of HERV-derived elements in the inflammatory response at the molecular level.


The service quality is a dynamic and multidimensional
construct; its study shall include the performance of all actors involved. Therefore,
it has been measured the relationship between the variables of quality,
satisfaction and existence of industrial disputes in the tourist accommodations
of the state of Merida, Venezuela. A stratified probability sampling and the
use of Servqual scale showed a close positive association between the job
satisfaction of customer service employees and the service quality, especially
during the high tourism season. It was also evidenced during this season that
the highest levels of service quality were in those
establishments whose employees presented high levels of satisfaction and
moderate absence of conflicts.


In this study, the effect of pendant pyrene on the optical and electronic properties of poly(2,5-dithienylpyrrole)s was studied. For this purpose a new pyrene coupled 2,5-dithienylpyrrole derivative (SNS-pyrene) was synthesized through click reaction. SNS-pyrene was electrochemically polymerized and its electrochemical and optical properties were investigated by electrochemical and optical techniques. The polymer had a band gap of 3.36 eV and displayed light green to blue color variation upon oxidation in less than 2.48 s. Additionally, electrochemical copolymerization of SNS-pyrene with 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene was achieved whilst a detailed investigation was performed on the effect of electrochemical polymerization conditions on the optoelectronic properties of the copolymers. Studies revealed that the copolymers exhibit multichromic reversible redox behavior with lower band gaps and shorter switching times than their parent polymer, P(SNS-pyrene) © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry.


Combination therapy with increased efficacy and reduced toxicity plays a crucial role in treating complex diseases, such as stroke, but it remains an insurmountable barrier to elucidate the mechanisms of synergistic effects. Here, we present a Driver-induced Modular Screening (DiMS) strategy integrated synergistic module and driver gene identification to elucidate the additive mechanisms of Baicalin (BA) and Jasminoidin (JA) on cerebral ischemia (CI) therapy. Based on anti-ischemia genomic networks BA, JA, and their combination (BJ), we obtained 4, 3, and 9 On-modules of BA, JA, and BJ by modular similarity analysis. Compared with the monotherapy groups, four additive modules (Add-module, BJ_Mod-4, 7, 9, and 13), 15 driver genes of BJ were identified by modular similarity and network control methods, and seven driver proteins (PAQR8, RhoA, EMC10, GGA2, VIPR1, FAM120A, and SEMA3F) were validated by animal experiments. The functional analysis found neuroprotective roles of the Add-modules and driver genes, such as the Neurotrophin signaling pathway and FoxO signaling pathway, which may reflect the additive mechanisms of BJ. Moreover, such a DiMS paradigm provides a new angle to explore the synergistic mechanisms of combination therapy and screen multi-targeted drugs for complex diseases.


Background: Administrative databases do not contain Body Mass Index (BMI) informa- tion. In proportion-based imputation (PBI) technique, a BMI category is assigned to an individual according to the proportions observed in external survey data. Alternatively, BMI can be imputed using Multiple Imputation (MI).
Objectives: To compare MI with PBI to impute BMI variable in osteoarthritis (OA)- cardiovascular disease (CVD) relationship. Research Design: plasmode simulation study. Subjects: used publicly available data from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) cycles 1.1, 2.1, and 3.1. Measures: BMI was set missing for everyone in the 500 simulated data created from CCHS 3.1 data. Dataset compiled from CCHS cycles 1.1 and 2.1 served as the external data (BMI observed). BMI missing in copies of simulated data was imputed using MI and PBI accessing observed BMI information in external data. After imputation, distribution of BMI variable and the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) estimated from multivariable logistic regression model were compared.
Results: Compared to PBI, MI produced proportions of individuals closer to the known proportions across the BMI categories except for the overweight category. Considering the known aOR of 1.59 (1.36, 1.82), BMI imputed using MI introduced less bias in OA- CVD association compared to PBI, the aOR was 1.62 (1.39, 1.86) and 1.66 (1.41, 1.90), respectively. Conclusions: This is the first study to compare MI with PBI in the context of imputing BMI information that is not recorded at the database level. MI was superior to imputation method based on population-level proportions in imputing BMI missing for everyone in the simulated datasets.


At Otero Mesa in Otero County, southern New Mexico, the Otero Mesa Formation of the Lower Permian Yeso Group is ~ 52 m of red-bed siliciclastic mudstone and ripple-laminated sandstone. Fossils from the Otero Mesa Formation documented here are walchian conifers, invertebrate ichnofossils (Augerinoichnus helicoidalis, Dendroidichnites irregulare, Scoyenia gracilis) and tetrapod footprints (Batrachichnus salamandroides, Dromopus lacertoides, Dimetropus ichnosp.). The ichnoassemblage of the Otero Mesa Formation closely resembles those of the Abo and Robledo Mountains Formations to the west, and well represents the Dimetropus ichnocoenosis of the Batrachichnus ichnofacies. It supports correlation of the Otero Mesa Formation to the lithologically similar Lee Ranch Member of the Abo Formation; both units yield ichnoassemblages of the Dromopus biochron. This correlation identifies a diachronous base of the Yeso Group in the Sacramento Mountains-Otero Mesa area. Correlation of the Lee Ranch Tongue of the Abo Formation and Otero Mesa Formation to the Deer Mountain Red Shale Member of the Alacran Mountain Formation in the Hueco Mountains of West Texas identifies a single, red-bed interval during the late Wolfcampian and thus is the most parsimonious event stratigraphic correlation.