The pseudo-cyclic electron transport in isolated pea chloroplasts in a medium without exogenous cofactors but containing methylviologen and ferredoxin was studied. In order to establish the steps limiting the electron transport, the rates of electron transport a different pH values and under phosphorylating and non-phosphorylating conditions in the presence of the uncoupler--gramicidin D--were determined. It was shown that in the absence of exogenous cofactors the total electron transport is limited by a stage of electron transfer from the acceptor site of photosystem I to oxygen. An addition of ferredoxin or methylviologen stimulates oxygen consumption. It was shown that the plot of the dependence of the rate of oxygen consumption on ferredoxin concentration is two-phase in contrast to that of methylviologen concentration, which is indicative of the existence of two competitive reactions of oxygen reduction involving ferredoxin (with different Km values for the protein).


The last thirty years of the nineteenth century saw an enormous expansion in the supply of schools for the children of the working classes. This occurred as a result of the Elementary education Act of 1870. Which create school boards in each district to supply public elementary schools to fill the large gaps exiting in the voluntary system. To study in detail the progress of this period one small region of the country was selected, I.E an area of one hundred square miles or so of country Durham, with the city of Durham at its centre. The development of the provision of public elementary schools in this area, together with the associated problems, has been traced in each district, throughout the thirty seven districts involved, with the help of local records and the files of the Ministry of education. Apart from the city, where there was adequate educational provision, it was essentially a region of small communities each dependent upon local pit for existence. The provision of efficient schools in these mining villages in 1870 was very poor, there being only 2,500 places for over 10,000 children. The religious bodies and the colliery owners made strenuous efforts to remedy this situation. By 1875, when the first compulsorily formed board was elected, the number of places outside the city had been more than tripled, but a deficiency still existed. The position was aggravated by the increasing population (the number of children in the area increased by 6,000 between 1871 and 1901), and the migratory character of the inhabitants. Building of new schools and enlargement of existing ones continued steadily until 1902, by which time a total of 25,000 places was available. This great increase in quantity was accompanied by a corresponding improvement in quality. Standards of construction and staffing were raised, the range of subjects constantly enlarged, and the schools made altogether happier and more efficient places.


The theory of media events developed by Dayan and Katz is extended in an analysis of Franklin Roosevelt's first eight fireside chats. Roosevelt's fireside chats were structured in both form and content by the new mode of publicness initiated by the culture industries in the 20th century. Roosevelt employed the idioms of mass culture to close the perceptual gap between him and his mass audience. As media events, the chats were useful in dramatizing a new symbolic geography of the American imagined community for the mass public, and thus in introducing to this public a set of new identities and practices appropriate to 20th-century mass politics.


In this paper the organization of the first Workshop on Reading Music Systems (WoRMS) is motivated. The event is intended to become a forum for discussion and collaborative projects for all people interested in the optical music recognition and related applications. This first edition is held as a satellite event of the 19th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference. It is our hope that WoRMS helps to set the basis towards building a stable community around the field of music reading systems.


Life skills, sometimes referred to as noncognitive skills or personality traits (e.g. conscientiousness or locus of control—the belief to influence events and their outcomes), affect labor market productivity. Policy makers and academics are thus exploring whether such skills should be taught at the high school or college level. A small portfolio of recent studies shows encouraging evidence that education could strengthen life skills in adolescence. However, as no uniform approach exists on which life skills are most important and how to best measure them, many important questions must be answered before life skill development can become an integral part of school curricula.


This study examines crisis management techniques in the catering industry. The survey was conducted in the municipality of Piran, the most developed Slovenian municipality in terms of tourism and an important tourist center in the northern Mediterra nean. This paper investigates the response of the catering industry to the economic crisis by analyzing the use of different micro-level crisis practices in the catering in dustry. The study uses a questionnaire to evaluate the importance and usage of different crisis management techniques in the catering industry. The findings indicate a high level of inconsistency between the importance and usage of crisis management techniques. Government assistance is by far the most important and most used technique in times of crisis. Suggestions for future research and useful information for managers of catering facilities are provided.


Crayfish utilization is a long-standing Scandinavian tradition, which unfortunately has suffered a major drawback with the introduction of crayfish plague disease about a hundred years ago. In spite of intensive research many problems in management and diagnosis of this disease are not yet solved. To evaluate ongoing research and diagnostic methodology in different countries, representatives of diagnostic laboratories involved in crayfish disease diagnostics were invited to a workshop in Kuopio to discuss the problems with crayfish diseases. The workshop was held at the Kuopio unit of the Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira. Participants from Finland, Sweden, Norway, Estonia and Latvia were present, as well as the OIE expert from the reference laboratory for crayfish plague. In the programme of the first day the state of crayfish stocks, crayfish diseases and diagnostic methods used in each country were presented and discussed. During the second day diagnostic methods were discussed in detail, as well as research projects concerning crayfish diseases. The workshop has been made possible by way of a grant from the Nordic Council of Ministers.


ABSTRACT In this article, scheduling and rescheduling problems with increasing processing time and new job insertion are studied for reprocessing problems in the remanufacturing process. To handle the unpredictability of reprocessing time, an experience-based strategy is used. Rescheduling strategies are applied for considering the effect of increasing reprocessing time and the new subassembly insertion. To optimize the scheduling and rescheduling objective, a discrete harmony search (DHS) algorithm is proposed. To speed up the convergence rate, a local search method is designed. The DHS is applied to two real-life cases for minimizing the maximum completion time and the mean of earliness and tardiness (E/T). These two objectives are also considered together as a bi-objective problem. Computational optimization results and comparisons show that the proposed DHS is able to solve the scheduling and rescheduling problems effectively and productively. Using the proposed approach, satisfactory optimization results can be achieved for scheduling and rescheduling on a real-life shop floor.


Advances in biopolymer textile processing have produced sophisticated niche fibres with culturally and ecologically beneficial characteristics. However, limited knowledge of the positive environmental and wellbeing properties of biopolymer fibres has previously inhibited their creative appeal and design application. The linear structure of large scale textile production phases alienates designers from production decisions and materials selection, which are considered essential in achieving more ecologically sustainable textile production. This practice led research investigation considers opportunities that arise from the relationship between craft and industry via the integration of materials and process and makes a case for adoption of a craft model of practice.

The study recognises how independent designer-makers use craft practice as a strategy for sustainability. It identifies that by extending integrated design and make processes to include materials has a positive influence on practical outcomes that simultaneously address environmental and social issues arising from textile production. The study recognises that adoption of a holistic approach, common to craft practice, enables designer-makers to retain control of ecological and sustainable principles. The study confirms that placing the designer at the centre of phased production presents creative opportunities for strategic experimental practice. This challenges current linear phases of production in industry and informs creativity. Embodied knowledge gained through tacit handling, to exploit beneficial properties and characteristics of newly emergent fibres, creates design value and initiates innovative textile products.

The findings make a significant contribution to knowledge through prototype glove products emerging from the study. The findings establish how emergent fibres and digital seamless knit technology can create high quality niche accessories, with simultaneous ecological and wellbeing benefits in the context of an ageing demographic. A value-in-use survey conducted specifically with arthritis sufferers at Arthritis Care UK was used to inform iterative developments to the design and manufacture of prototype glove products. The practical outcomes demonstrate ways to harness biopolymers' inherent properties and characteristics to promote health and wellbeing by eliminating problems arising from long- term wear of palliative care textile items. The findings demonstrate that adoption of craft practice into large scale industrial textile production has ecological and social benefits. This holds relevance for independent designer-makers, environmentally principled textile manufacturers, textile design educators, manufacturers of arthritis palliative care accessory markets and product end users.


Results from any existing clustering algorithm that are used for segmentation are highly sensitive to features that limit their generalization. Shape is one important attribute of an object. The detection and separation of an object using fuzzy ring-shaped clustering (FKR) and elliptic ring-shaped clustering (FKE) already exists in the literature. Not all real objects however, are ring or elliptical in shape, so to address these issues, this paper introduces a new shape-based algorithm, called fuzzy image segmentation combining ring and elliptic shaped clustering algorithms (FCRE) by merging the initial segmented results produced by FKR and FKE. The distribution of unclassified pixels is performed by connectedness and fuzzy c-means (FCM) using a combination of pixel intensity and normalized pixel location. Both qualitative and quantitative analysis of the results for different varieties of images proves the superiority of the proposed FCRE algorithm compared with both FKR and FKE.


Combining with the advantages of ant colony algorithm to solve optimization problem, this paper designs a grid resource allocation model and task scheduling system based on ant colony algorithm. The algorithm can not only locally update for the pheromone in the allocation of grid computing resources, but also can entirely update for the pheromone after the completion of grid computing resources. Experimental results show that the ant colony algorithm can effectively achieve a reasonable task scheduling and load balancing, its application in the task scheduling in grid environment is very successful.


Introduction UNIMINUTO Bello is an institution that offers university educational services; The maintenance and cleaning can expose personnel to chemical handling risks, exposure to electrical and mechanical risks, lifting of loads, strenuous working hours, climatic conditions and other damages to their health, it is sought to identify and analyse these risks in the light of the Occupational Safety and Health Management System (SGSST) (Spanish acronym) in order to identify the improvement actions that emerge from these tasks and propose the corrective measures. Methodology It is considered important to analyse the management of SST, using approach of qualitative, descriptive research, which analysed information by employees of general services, a description of their activities in function cleaning, maintenance, gardening, cleaning and working in the cafeteria in contrast to the design of the Risk Matrix. Results In the measurement of risk perception, low and medium levels were found, it was not identified risk associated with age, sex or educational level; it was identified that the SGSST is in the design and beginning of its implementation, in accordance with the Colombian requirements and regulations in this matter, having a recent policy and advancing in the design of processes, procedures and manuals; There are no tangible results of the evaluation of the system and specific improvement actions. Discussion There is a need to refine the planning and implementation of strategies that contribute to the proper implementation of the SGSST; To train a greater number of the brigade, minimising the impact by the rotation of the staff. Disseminate in greater degree the politics, strategies and activities in the university community. It is necessary to design workshops according to their functions that allow them to make use of the protection elements available to them, since their perception shows that the main cause of accidents is caused by human errors.


INTRODUCTION
Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) pharyngitis has rarely been described in the literature. Studies in the last decade have shown a prevalence of less than 5%, with more women than men infected in the pharynx. Among homosexual men, only one study, conducted more than 5 years ago, detected the presence of CT in the throat (in one patient out of 13 tested).

OBSERVATION
A 33 year-old homosexual man consulted for cutaneous lesions on the palms and the chest. Infected by HIV, he was taking antiretroviral therapy but no antibiotic prophylaxis. He admitted practising unprotected (insertive and receptive) fellatio with unknown partners. The lesions were those of secondary syphilis but the location of the chancre remained unknown. An enlarged screening for sexually transmitted infections detected the presence, through molecular amplification, of CT in the throat without further localisation (urethra, anus). After intramuscular injection of Extencillin and an 8-day-regimen of cycline, CT was no longer detected in the throat. The course of HIV infection did not appear modified by this infectious episode.

COMMENTS
According to a review of the literature, the 4 most recent studies have not revealed CT in the throat of homosexuals although the bacteria was detected in the urethra of 3 to 4% of them. Chlamydia trachomatis is more frequently detected in the genital tract rather than the pharynx of women also screened in various localisations. These results must be tempered by the participant recruitment methods, diagnostic methods used, sample size and history of recent antibiotherapy. The pharyngeal mucosa might be less receptive to CT than the urethral mucosa. Association of CT pharyngitis with syphilis or its occurrence during HIV infection are not documented. The molecular amplification technique detects CT in the throat with sensitivity and specificity. A one-week regimen of cycline can cure this pharyngitis. Cost-effectiveness of screening for pharyngeal CT has not yet been assessed in persons 'at risk'.


Though 35 parents had had their children vaccinated and 27 had seen whooping cough, most were poorly informed about the disease. Thus, 12 could not name any symptoms or signs of whooping cough, 21 thought its duration was less than four weeks or did not know, 31 could not name a long term complication, and 12 believed it was never fatal. Knowledge about the vaccine was comparatively good, with 43 stating that it gave protection against whooping cough, 35 knowing of its link with brain damage, and 28 naming "contraindications" to its use. Whereas 38 of respondents perceived their general practitioner as supportive of the vaccine, only 17 felt the same of newspapers. Most people sought advice from their GP but 23 mentioned the media as a source of information. The reasons for non-vaccination offered by 10 parents who declined its use were: children have epilepsy (2), family history of epilepsy (1), asthma (1), allergy (1), brain damage scare (2), and non-specific (3). Only the first two categories are in line with current DHSS guidelines.' We analysed 19 articles on whooping cough in six newspapers in 1979-82 (a period when the controversy had abated and objective reporting might have been expected). The duration, symptoms, and complications of whooping cough were noted in two, four, and five articles respectively. By contrast, "brain damage" as a consequence of vaccination was a feature of 12 articles and occupied the first line in eight. Protection against whooping cough by the vaccine was noted only twice. Our conclusion, in line with those of Dr Johnston and colleagues and of Harding and Bolden,2 is that knowledge of whooping cough, even among parents who have recently considered the subject, is inadequate to allow an informed decision in the face of unbalanced media publicity. Clearly the public continues to underestimate the impact of whooping cough. Health education endeavours should perhaps be directed at the disease and the absolute contraindications to vaccination and not to the vaccine per se. In Glasgow, despite continuing controversy fuelled by the press,3 whooping cough vaccination rates exceed 70% and are rising. Support by health professionals seems to be the key to this success. Clearly it is imperative to ensure concise and up to date information on the merits or otherwise of the whooping cough vaccine to health professionals, on whom the public rely heavily for unbiased and accurate information. DAVID BIRNIE STUART BENHAM R S BHOPAL Department of Community Medicine, Ruchill Hospital, Glasgow G20 9NB


When an amplitude-stabilized He–Ne laser beam is scattered by a rotating ground glass with small surface inhomogeneities, the probability density of the instantaneous scattered-wave amplitude is gaussian. This has been verified experimentally in the past few years by several independent groups. In this paper, we suggest the use of the joint photon-count probability distribution p (n = 0, m = 0, τ) to measure the absolute value of the electric-field amplitude-correlation function for random gaussian light fields, and report the results of an experiment in which the gaussian field is produced by scattering a light beam through a rotating ground glass. This procedure offers an alternative to other conventional methods, such as self-beating spectroscopy and irradiance-correlation techniques. The correlation time of the scattered-field amplitude in the present experiment has been measured with an accuracy of approximately 0.8%.


The results of secondary nasal tip elongation in bilateral cleft lip were analyzed. Brown and Mc Dowell's, Cronin and Millard's techniques, were used in thirty-five patients, who were seen at the Cleft Lip and Palate Clinic at the Hospital Infantil de Mexico for a five year period (1970-1975). Such correction was performed in 16 patients following Brown and Mc Dowell's technique, 10 by Millard, 8 by Cronin's and just one by Abbe Stlander's technique. 60% of the patients were males and 40% were females. The follow-up control (5 years) was made in 30 patients; the results are shown.


A total of 739 taiga ticks of ixodes persulcatus species, obtained in the recreational zone of St. Petersburg, were studied for the presence of Babesia sp. with polymerase chain reaction. All these ticks underwent the preliminary examination for the presence of Borrelia (3 species), Ehrlichia (2 species) and tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus. In 7 cases Babesia were detected among 413 ticks containing other pathogens. Among 326 ticks no Babesia were detected, as well as no other pathogens. All ticks having Babesia were also found to contain Borrelia species: B. afzelii, B. garinii, or both (1 case). In one female tick, in addition to Babesia, also B. garinii and TBE virus were determined. The data thus obtained should draw special attention not only of parasitologists, epidemiologists and microbiologists studying ticks obtained from natural sources, but also of clinicists who should consider the possibility of mixed infection, when one infection may mask the presence of some other infection, in particular babesiosis. Due to rare occurrence of Babesia in ticks and the presence of mixed infection difficulties may arise in the detection of Babesia.


The fear of want is one of the great protagonists of human history. Grain riots are its most spectacular illustration. Indigence, however, always combines with a sense of deprivation before leading to upheavals. The relations between biological and cultural definitions of need form the subject matter of this article. It offers a reflection on the ways in which historians have construed the rapports between individual metabolism and collective representation. It argues that accounting for foodways requires their inscription in pertinent contexts before they are measured in calories and cents. Comprehension of the meaning of alimentary practices constitutes an indispensable step for assuring a chance of success to attempts at inflecting behavior—whether in consumer societies where profusion brings about a great many life-style related afflictions (obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, etc.) or developing countries where malnutrition continues to undermine health and hunger remains responsible for a majority of deaths.


1. The uptake of glycine-N15 by components of cell nuclei was studied. The nuclear components were derived both from tissues with high metabolic rates-mammalian liver, kidney, and pancreas-and from cells with relatively low rates of metabolism-avian erythrocytes and echinoderm sperm. N15 uptake by nuclear components of liver, kidney, and pancreas was far more rapid than by those of erythrocytes and sperm. 2. The nuclear components of liver, kidney, and pancreas for which measurements were made were DNA, histone, and residual protein of chromatin. Uptake into DNA was low, into histone higher, and into residual protein much higher still, being comparable with that into mixed cytoplasmic protein. 3. A comparison of the uptake of N15 by the chromosomal components, histone and DNA of liver, pancreas, and kidney showed that chromosomal "activity" varies in different cells and also in the same cell depending upon its over-all activity.


In this thesis the intricacies of service user and staff perceptions of psychological interventions for mental health difficulties were explored. Expanding upon this theme, mothers and staff on a Mother and Baby Unit (MBU) were asked about their views regarding the acceptability and feasibility of the implementation of a parenting intervention, Baby Triple P Positive Parenting Programme (Baby TP). This investigation is presented as four papers: a literature review, two empirical papers (a & b) and, a critical review and personal reflection of the research process.The literature review, a meta-synthesis of qualitative studies, explores service user and staff perceptions of psychological interventions for mental health difficulties. Twenty-eight studies were synthesised to develop comprehensive understanding of subtle, specific and overlapping elements involved in the implementation of psychological intervention. Guided by Noblit and Hare?s (1988) approach, 11 over-arching themes and 25 sub-ordinate themes emerged from the synthesis. Findings provide a detailed description of the concepts pertinent to both service users and staff. Implications are identified for service managers and clinicians in obtaining optimum efficiency and outcomes of psychological intervention. The empirical study is a Q-methodological investigation into service user and staff perceptions of the acceptability and feasibility of a parenting intervention, Baby TP, on a MBU. This study is split into two population-specific papers. Overall five main factors were identified (service users: three; staff: two), which provides new insights into the acceptable and feasible elements of a parenting intervention within this specialist setting. The findings highlight a positive consensus as to the acceptability and feasibility of Baby TP in a MBU setting alongside a number of identified needs pertinent to service users, staff and the setting. Clinical implications and recommendations are provided to address identified areas of need for both populations within this setting. The third paper is a critical review of the thesis illustrated through personal reflections of the research process.


Avian pox was determined to be the cause of death of a spectacled Amazon parrot (Amazona albifrons). Intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies were visualized by light microscopy in esophageal and bronchial epithelial lesions. Electron microscopy revealed pox-virus virions in the inclusions.


Abstract.  We used in situ nutrient-enrichment experiments at sites in 4 Texas streams spanning a steep nutrient gradient to test the hypothesis that periphyton photoautotrophs and heterotrophs are differentially limited by N and P, respectively. We contrasted the responses of total periphyton biomass (ash-free dry mass [AFDM]), photoautotrophic biomass (chlorophyll a [CHLA]), % CHLA of AFDM [% CHLA]), alkaline phosphatase activity (APA), and nitrogenase activity (NA) to ambient N and P concentrations among sites and among nutrient-diffusing substrata (NDS) (control, N, P, and N+P) within sites. Periphyton biomass (AFDM and CHLA) increased steadily with increasing ambient N and P among sites. Both APA and NA were relatively high on the control treatments at the lowest nutrient site and decreased with increasing ambient N and P until falling to negligible levels at the highest nutrient site. Within sites, P enrichment decreased APA but did not increase % CHLA or CHLA/cm2. P enrichment did increase AFDM/cm2 at one of the low nutrient sites. N enrichment reduced NA and increased % CHLA and CHLA/cm2 without increasing AFDM/cm2. N+P enrichment resulted in the highest % CHLA and CHLA/cm2 at the 3 lowest nutrient sites but did not increase AFDM/cm2. Combined, these findings suggest that photoautotrophs in periphyton communities may be more limited than heterotrophs by N or become more competitive for P under elevated N. The high levels of APA and NA on the controls coupled with minimal difference in AFDM among nutrient treatments at most sites despite increases in % CHLA on N and N+P treatments provide experimental evidence that differential nutrient limitation probably occurs in periphyton communities. Our results support the view that the single-limiting-nutrient paradigm may lead to overly simplistic interpretations of periphyton responses to nutrient enrichment.


The "Winning Ways '99" conference, organised by the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, was aimed at "exploring the issues that surround manufacturing industry as it prepares to enter the new millennium". In the plenary sessions, a number of case studies were presented from companies that had made major changes to improve performance. The article describes one of these, from TRW Aeronautics (formerly Lucas Varity Aerospace). The method of "one piece at a time material flow" is outlined and the benefits and results achieved by TRW are listed. In the following conference workshops a variety of techniques for advancement were discussed. Two of these are selected for attention, "Lean and agile manufacturing" and "Totally integrated automation – from shopfloor to boardroom".


Reflection is increasingly recognised as integral to effective learning. Journal writing is advocated in facilitating reflection, and several frameworks are propounded for categorizing reflective proficiency, mostly in the professional domains, but rarely in second language education. The paper discusses the results of an ongoing study where a two-dimensional four-level framework was developed for monitoring and determining reflective second language learning skills by analyzing Chinese university students' written journal entries. Four raters were recruited to evaluate sixteen written journals independently for evidence of reflection on specified areas of second language learning using the proposed framework. The raters provided input from three perspectives: that of teacher, researcher and student. Analysis of the results suggest that the framework can be a valuable tool in measuring reflective second language learning capacities with appropriate support and further systematic research.


Maya Stanfield-Mazzi's Clothing the New World Church: Liturgical Textiles of Spanish America, 1520-1820 (2021) is the first broad survey that highlights some essential threads in the social and material history of textile production and usage within the context of the Catholic Church in Spanish America. This review highlights the publication's contribution in interdisciplinary research in the field.


PURPOSE
Block matching is a well-known strategy for estimating corresponding voxel locations between a pair of images according to an image similarity metric. Though robust to issues such as image noise and large magnitude voxel displacements, the estimated point matches are not guaranteed to be spatially accurate. However, the underlying optimization problem solved by the block matching procedure is similar in structure to the class of optimization problem associated with B-spline based registration methods. By exploiting this relationship, the authors derive a numerical method for computing a global minimizer to a constrained B-spline registration problem that incorporates the robustness of block matching with the global smoothness properties inherent to B-spline parameterization.

METHODS
The method reformulates the traditional B-spline registration problem as a basis pursuit problem describing the minimall1-perturbation to block match pairs required to produce a B-spline fitting error within a given tolerance. The sparsity pattern of the optimal perturbation then defines a voxel point cloud subset on which the B-spline fit is a global minimizer to a constrained variant of the B-spline registration problem. As opposed to traditional B-spline algorithms, the optimization step involving the actual image data is addressed by block matching.

RESULTS
The performance of the method is measured in terms of spatial accuracy using ten inhale/exhale thoracic CT image pairs (available for download atwww.dir-lab.com) obtained from the COPDgene dataset and corresponding sets of expert-determined landmark point pairs. The results of the validation procedure demonstrate that the method can achieve a high spatial accuracy on a significantly complex image set.

CONCLUSIONS
The proposed methodology is demonstrated to achieve a high spatial accuracy and is generalizable in that in can employ any displacement field parameterization described as a least squares fit to block match generated estimates. Thus, the framework allows for a wide range of image similarity block match metric and physical modeling combinations.


Between the 26th August and 9th September 2008 OA East conducted an archaeological evaluation on land off Stirling Way, near Witchford, Ely in advance of a proposed recycling centre.
Thirty-seven test pits and 10 trenches were excavated. The trenches were targeted over features identified by geophysical survey and away from services (Masters 2008). All the Roman features, comprising post holes, ditches and pits, were found within three trenches on the extreme southern side of the development. The settlement was on a plateau at the top of a small knoll at 15.90m AOD within an area c.60m by 50m. There were three phases of activity recovered dating from the 1st century AD to the early/middle 2nd century.
Although only a small part of the Late Iron Age and Roman settlement was within the development area, these remains should be considered of regional importance. This is due in part to the unusual nature of the remains. Of interest was a very large boundary ditch, 2.8m wide and 1.15m deep, which followed the contours of the top of the knoll. Other ditches of this size from nearby Iron Age settlements have been classed by Chris Evans et al of Cambridge University as possibly defendable. All the Roman features survived in good condition with very little truncation. A large amount of the LPRIA and Early Roman artefacts recovered (pottery especially) were primary assemblages and came from only three features. These assemblages are unusual and have been classified by Alice Lyons (pers. comm.), as being potentially regionally important. This collection of artefacts indicates that domestic occupation was partly within and/or adjacent to the proposed development area.
No Roman remains were found on the north facing land which sloped down to 11.81m AOD. Post-medieval furrows, quarry pits and 18th/19th century field boundary ditches were found in this area.


According to the international agency for research on cancer (IARC), the mortality rate due to brain tumors is 76%. It is required to detect the brain tumors as early as possible and to provide the patient with the required treatment to avoid any fatal situation. With the recent advancement in technology, it is possible to automatically detect the tumor from images such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography scans using a computer-aided design. Machine learning and deep learning techniques have gained significance among researchers in medical fields, especially convolutional neural networks (CNN), due to their ability to analyze large amounts of complex image data and perform classification. The objective of this review article is to present an exhaustive study of techniques such as preprocessing, machine learning, and deep learning that have been adopted in the last 15 years and based on it to present a detailed comparative analysis. The challenges encountered by researchers in the past for tumor detection have been discussed along with the future scopes that can be taken by the researchers as the future work. Clinical challenges that are encountered have also been discussed, which are missing in existing review articles.


Companies in the tourism sector need to achieve competitive advantages for their survival in the market. In this way, the models based on association, cooperation, complementarity, distribution, exchange and mutual assistance arise as a possibility of organizational development, taking as reference the concept of networks. Many companies seek to partner in local networks as clusters to act together and associate. The main objective of the present research is to identify the specificities of management and the practices of cooperation in the tourist destination of São Paulo Brazil, and to propose a new management model with possible cluster of tourism. The empirical analysis was carried out in three phases. As a first phase, a research was made by the companies, associations and tourism organizations existing in São Paulo, analyzing the characteristics of their business. In the second phase, the management specificities and cooperation practice used in the tourist destination. And in the third phase, identifying the possible strengths and weaknesses that potential or potential tourist cluster could have, proposing the development of the management model of the same adapted to the needs of the companies, associations and organizations. As a main result, it has been identified that companies, associations and organizations could be looking for synergies with each other and collaborate through a Hiperred organizational structure, in which they share their knowledge, try to make the most of the collaboration and to benefit from three concepts: flexibility, learning and collaboration. Finally, it is concluded that, the proposed tourism cluster management model is viable for the development of tourism destinations because it makes it possible to strategically address agents which are responsible for public policies, as well as public and private companies and organizations in their strategies competitiveness and cooperation. Keywords—Cluster, management model, networks, tourism sector.


An 18-month study of consumer participation and influence in a Health Systems Agency (HSA) found consumer board members to be less influential than provider board members in agency decision-making. In an effort to investigate causes of the influence deficit experienced by consumer HSA board members three issues were studied: staff attitudes toward consumer participation; board member degree of representative accountability; and board member attitudes concerning commitment to consumer participation, commitment to health planning, health services attitude, and feelings of social powerlessness. Results indicated that staff members were favorable toward the concept of consumer participation. They recognized a lack of low-income minority participation, but they did not provide support or allocate resources to enhance consumers' ability to participate. Providers were less committed to consumer participation, felt more socially powerful, and had greater representative accountability than did consumers. Several strategies for increasing consumer influence in HSA decision-making processes are proposed.


We report the first detection of isotopic methanol (13CH3OH) maser emission in interstellar space. The emission was detected toward the high-mass young stellar object G358.93-0.03 during monitoring of a flare in the 6.7 GHz methanol (CH3OH) maser emission in this source. We find that the spectral and spatial distribution of the 13CH3OH masers differs from the CH3OH masers imaged at the same epoch, contrary to expectations from similarity of their pumping. This conclusively demonstrates that isotopic methanol masers are bright under different physical conditions and suggests that they can provide additional, complementary information to the CH3OH masers from the same source. We detect a rapid decay of the 13CH3OH maser lines suggesting that they are transient phenomena (masing for only a few months), likely associated with rapid changes in radiation field due to an accretion burst induced by massive disk fragmentation. Changes in the line flux density are faster than required to achieve equilibrium in the energy level populations, indicating that the pumping of these masers is likely variable.


Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSC) play a pivotal role in initiating and propagating action potentials in excitable cells. The family of VGSC consists of 9 known, human α-subunits (NaV1.1 – 9) that exhibit a high degree of sequence homology. Similar biophysical and pharmacological properties among the different subtypes are a result of this homology (Yu & Catterall, 2003). VGSC have long been in the focus of drug development as their activity was linked to neuronal disorders including epilepsy and chronic pain. The relevance of these channels was further boosted by recent studies that have revealed further roles of VGSC in health and disease such as autism, migraine, multiple sclerosis, cancer as well as muscle and immune system dysfunctions (Eijkelkamp et al., 2012).


A Gm-C third-order Chebyshev low-pass filter with a novel switched capacitor frequency tuning technique for a zero-IF Bluetooth receiver has been designed. The frequency tuning scheme is simpler and has more relaxed specifications than conventional ones. Furthermore, a highly linear pseudo-differential transconductor with a compact feedback loop able to operate with low supply voltage has been used. This control loop holds the input transistors in triode region and provides high output resistance, keeping high linearity in a wide range of transconductance. The filter bandwidth is 0.5 MHz and the overall scheme consumes 1.1 mA from a 1.8-V supply. The measured third-order intermodulation (IM3) distortion of the filter for a 1 Vpp two-tone signal centered at 300 kHz is -65 dB.


—Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is a key concept in building trustworthy machine learning models. Local explainability methods seek to provide explanations for individual predictions. Usually, humans must check these explanations manually. When large numbers of predictions are being made, this approach does not scale. We address this deficiency for a rooftop classification problem specifically with ExplainabilityAu-dit , a method that automatically evaluates explanations generated by a local explainability toolkit and identifies rooftop images that require further auditing by a human expert. The proposed method utilizes explanations generated by the Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations (LIME) framework as the most important superpixels of each validation rooftop image during the prediction. Then a bag of image patches is extracted from the superpixels to determine their texture and evaluate the local explanations. Our results show that 95.7% of the cases to be audited are detected by the proposed system.


We previously reported that gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid), a naturally occurring plant phenol, can induce apoptosis in four kinds of human lung cancer cell lines in vitro. The present study further investigated the in vivo anti-tumor effects of orally administered gallic acid. Gallic acid reduced cell viability of LL-2 mouse lung cancer cells in vitro dose dependently, with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of around 200 μM. C57Black mice were transplanted with LL-2 cells, and administered gallic acid (1 mg/ml in drinking water, ad libitum) and/or cisplatin (4 mg/kg i.p. injection, once a week). The average weight of the transplanted tumors, obtained at 29 days after transplantation, in the mice of control, gallic acid-treated cisplatin-treated and cisplatin plus gallic acid-treated groups was 4.02, 3.65, 3.19 and 1.72 g, respectively. The average tumor weight of the mice treated with cisplatin combined with gallic acid was significantly smaller than that of the control group (p<0.05). The amount of apoptotic cells in the tumor tissues of mice treated with gallic acid and/or cisplatin was significantly higher than those of the control mice. Combination of gallic acid and cisplatin increased the tumor cell apoptosis compared with the treatment with cisplatin alone. The present findings suggest that the combination of gallic acid with an anti-cancer drug, including cisplatin, may be an effective protocol for lung cancer therapy.


Breast cancer is the second largest killer disease among women globally. Annually approximately 48,000 women die of breast cancer. Breast cancer patients are at high risk of developing malnutrition from the underlying disease as well as from various drug regimen, chemotherapy and or radiotherapy interventions. As we work for personalized medicine for breast cancer, a personalized nutrition for breast cancer patients is much needed for their wellbeing both physiologically and psychologically. Most rather than all, of the treatment regimens possesses a concourse of side effects. An effective personalized nutritional therapy during and after cancer treatment leads to better quality of life for the breast cancer patients. Clinical trials are pivotal for any recommendations to be used at the commercial level upon approval of Food & Drug Administration. Several clinical trials have been carried out and many are now undertaken to come up with a significant upshot conclusion based on primary and secondary outcomes to show the after effects of particular nutrient supplements by increasing the overall survival or any other physiological upregulated / downregulated manifestation leading for a disease free survival. Docosahexaenoic acid and glutamine nutritional supplement has been reported to have beneficial effect for breast cancer patients in different clinical trials.


Senile cardiac amyloidosis, also known as senile systemic amyloidosis, is a sporadic disease of late onset but with increasing incidence with age. Recently it has been shown in one case that amyloid deposits contained a transthyretin variant with an isoleucine for valine substitution at position 122. A second case with the transthyretin isoleucine 122 variant is reported here. This individual, who died with restrictive cardiomyopathy, was found to be homozygous for this transthyretin variant and his son heterozygous for the variant. A brother of the propositus was also homozygous for the variant but died of a cerebral vascular accident without being evaluated for amyloidosis. These studies show genetic transmission of the isoleucine-122 transthyretin variant associated with this form of cardiac amyloidosis.


The femme fatale has long been constructed and understood in popular culture and cinema as a beautiful heterosexual Caucasian woman that belongs to film noir and neo-noir. Here, Da Silva shows the need to incorporate diverse ethnic groups and male homosexuals into the range of "femmes" fatales. He examines how the Brazilian representations cross genre, gender, race, and class and offer alternative instances (black, slave, homosexual, married, and teenage) to the dominant Hollywood Caucasian model. As with gender performativity, the danger the femme fatale represents to society is constructed rather than being an innate feature. This figure represents areas of cultural anxiety, particularly around issues of sexuality and gender, but Da Silva seeks to reframe these issues in the context of Brazilian film.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) with features of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and abnormalities of megakaryocytopoiesis is often characterized by cytogenetic aberrations of the 3q21 and 3q26 bands involving inv(3)(q21q26) and (3;3)(q21;q26). These aberrations have been described in all FAB subtypes with the exception of M3, and in MDS and in megakaryoblastic crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia. We reviewed the biological and clinical features of 10 cases of AML with inv(3)(q21q26) and t(3;3)(q21;q26).

DESIGN AND METHODS
Four hundred and sixteen patients with AML were studied in our Institute by cytogenetic analysis and 10 (2.4%) showed inv(3)(q21q26) (7 patients) or t(3;3)(q21;q26) (3 patients): 7 males, 3 females; median age, 43.5 yrs. We also used RT-PCR to investigate the pattern of expression of the EVI-1 gene in 5 patients.

RESULTS
Additional chromosomal changes were demonstrated in 6 patients. In 5/10 cases a preceding MDS had been observed. A possible occupational exposure was established in 2 patients (a farmer and an histologist employing organic solvents) and another patient had a therapy-related leukemia. AML subtype was M1 in 9 patients and M2 in 1. A variable excess of micromegakaryocytes was observed in all the patients. In 5 patients the platelet count was normal or increased (median number: 172. 5x10(9)/L; range 55-440). Expression of EVI-1 gene was present in all the 5 patients studied. The clinical course and outcome was extremely poor: 9/10 patients were resistant and 1 patient showed a partial remission after induction therapy. Of the 9 patients resistant to the first line chemotherapy, 7 were also resistant to the second line chemotherapy. Three patients obtained a morphologic complete remission after third line chemotherapy (duration 1, 3 and 6 months); 2 of them were submitted to autologous bone marrow transplantation, but relapsed after 1 and 3 months. The median overall survival was 5.5 months.

INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS
Our findings evidence a strong correlation between 3q21q26 chromosomal aberrations, abnormalities of megakaryocytopoiesis and lack of response to conventional chemotherapy and support the diagnostic and prognostic relevance of chromosome characterization in the classification of AML.


The purpose of this study was to explore how the therapist-provided conditions of congruence, unconditional positive regard, and empathic understanding were experienced and conveyed in child-centered play therapy (CCPT). Although the therapist-provided conditions are considered essential to the therapeutic process in CCPT, a gap exists between child-centered theory and empirical exploration of the process and dynamics of these relational variables in CCPT. Due to the limited research in this area, a grounded theory approach was utilized to explore how the three variables emerge in CCPT. Participants included four advanced doctoral students, all Caucasian females with extensive training in CCPT, and 12 children ranging from 4 to 8 years of age receiving weekly, individual CCPT. One individual CCPT session was observed and video-recorded for each therapist-child dyad (n = 12). Following each observation, play therapists were interviewed regarding the observed play session (n = 12). During each interview, the researcher and therapist watched the recorded play session in its entirety and discussed noteworthy interactions between the child and therapist. The video-recorded play therapy sessions and therapist interviews were analyzed using a multiphasic, constant comparative method. Results of the analysis included a process-model of the therapist-provided conditions in CCPT, examples of play therapists' internal experiences and external behaviors associated with the presence and absence of the therapist-provided conditions, and a model of the process play therapists utilize to respond to breaks and barriers to congruence, unconditional positive regard, empathic understanding, and unconditional positive self-regard in CCPT. Implications for clinical practice, training, supervision, and research are discussed.


Localization is an essential module that supports many intelligent functions of a mobile robot such as transportation or inspection. However, justifying that a localization module is sufficiently accurate for supporting all downstream tasks is one of the most difficult questions to answer in practice. To overcome this problem, we move away from the traditional calculation of pose errors and propose a new approach that instead evaluates the potential map inconsistency introduced by those pose errors.For this purpose, we propose a new metric, which we call Overlap Displacement Error (ODE). This metric measures the relative displacements between multiple overlapping sensor frustums with respect to the ground truth. All you need to compute this metric are a query trajectory, a ground truth trajectory and the sensor frustum used for mapping. Having the sensor frustum and the map representation as part of the metric, the ODE is customized to the hardware configuration and the mapping strategy. This design allows the analysis of pose accuracy in a space that matters to map creation, and also allows the identification of problems sitting in the interplay between localization and mapping. We demonstrate the potential of this new analysis tool on synthetic and the real-world sequences.


ABSTRACT Twelve ruminally cannulated cattle, adapted to forage or grain diet with or without monensin, were used to investigate the effects of diet and monensin on concentration and duration of ruminal persistence and fecal shedding of E. coli O157:H7. Cattle were ruminally inoculated with a strain of E. coli O157:H7 (1010 CFU/animal) made resistant to nalidixic acid (Nalr). Ruminal and fecal samples were collected for 11 weeks, and then cattle were euthanized and necropsied and digesta from different gut locations were collected. Samples were cultured for detection and enumeration of NalrE. coli O157:H7. Cattle fed forage diets were culture positive for E. coli O157:H7 in the feces for longer duration (P < 0.05) than cattle fed a grain diet. In forage-fed cattle, the duration they remained culture positive for E. coli O157:H7 was shorter (P < 0.05) when the diet included monensin. Generally, ruminal persistence of NalrE. coli O157:H7 was not affected by diet or monensin. At necropsy, E. coli O157:H7 was detected in cecal and colonic digesta but not from the rumen. Our study showed that cattle fed a forage diet were culture positive longer and with higher numbers than cattle on a grain diet. Monensin supplementation decreased the duration of shedding with forage diet, and the cecum and colon were culture positive for E. coli O157:H7 more often than the rumen of cattle.


Writing can be a powerful tool for thinking and learning. Journaling is one form of writing that is a commonly used learning tool in many classrooms. Children use journals to record personal experiences, explore reactions and interpretations to reading and videos, or record, analyze, or enhance information about literature or other subject areas. This article examines how to scaffold journal writing instruction for students with learning disabilities within a diagnostic teaching cycle by establishing learning outcomes, planning assessment, planning instruction, implementing instruction, and analyzing individual student learning. Example lessons, differentiation strategies, scoring guides, and student samples are provided.


Some of the approaches have been developed to retrieve data automatically from one or multiple remote biological data sources. However, most of them require researchers to remain online and wait for returned results. The latter not only requires highly available network connection, but also may cause the network overload. Moreover, so far none of the existing approaches has been designed to address the following problems when retrieving the remote data in a mobile network environment: (1) the resources of mobile devices are limited; (2) network connection is relatively of low quality; and (3) mobile users are not always online. To address the aforementioned problems, we integrate an agent migration approach with a multi-agent system to overcome the high latency or limited bandwidth problem by moving their computations to the required resources or services. More importantly, the approach is fit for the mobile computing environments. Presented in this paper are also the system architecture, the migration strategy, as well as the security authentication of agent migration. As a demonstration, the remote data retrieval from GenBank was used to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed approach.


Plastics have become an important environmental concern due to their durability and resistance to degradation. Out of all plastic materials, polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) are amenable to biological degradation due to the action of microbial polyester hydrolases. The hydrolysis products obtained from PET can thereby be used for the synthesis of novel PET as well as become a potential carbon source for microorganisms. In addition, microorganisms and biomass can be used for the synthesis of the constituent monomers of PET from renewable sources. The combination of both biodegradation and biosynthesis would enable a completely circular bio-PET economy beyond the conventional recycling processes. Circular strategies like this could contribute to significantly decreasing the environmental impact of our dependence on this polymer. Here we review the efforts made towards turning PET into a viable feedstock for microbial transformations. We highlight current bottlenecks in degradation of the polymer and metabolism of the monomers, and we showcase fully biological or semisynthetic processes leading to the synthesis of PET from sustainable substrates.


This retrospective study has identified both the prevalence of complications during hemodialitic treatment in patients carrying acute renal failure (ARF) in an intensive care unit of a university hospital and the nursing conduct performed during those episodes. We have assessed sixty-five (282 sessions) records of ARF patients who underwent renal replacement therapy and presented complications during hemodialysis sessions. We have noticed that the most prevalent intradialitic complications were: arterial hypotension (35%), hypothermia (29%), and lack of flow in the vascular access (24.1%). The nursing interventions prioritized during episodes of clinical complications involved clinical assessment (66.8%) and evaluation of patients' consciousness level (59.9%). The search for nursing procedures that are suitable to different situations experienced by patients during hemodialysis, as well as the continuing education of the nursing team are actions that may minimize the intercurrence rate.


During the early 1960s American avant-garde jazz and cinema gained ascendancy in many of the same urban centres but their coterminous development has been under-recognized by jazz and film scholars alike. Despite the fact that numerous filmmakers have represented or incorporated elements of improvised jazz in their work, leaving enduring traces of influence and fruitful collaboration, a gap remains in the comparative literature. Reasons for this lack of interdisciplinary crossover may include a difference of signification between image and sound, and the perceived opposition between the open, performative spontaneity of jazz and the closed, mediated film. Inter-cutting cultural history with formal, stylistic, textual and comparative analysis, I attempt to resolve these issues by opening a "dialogue" between two leading architects of the postwar avantgarde: jazz saxophonist John Coltrane (1927-1967) and filmmaker Stan Brakhage (1933-2003), focusing on work they produced between 1957 and 1967. Some of the questions to be addressed are: How do social and cultural forces shape artistic forms? How does the improvising artist navigate between harmony and chaos? What is the relationship between improvisation and composition? How are Brakhage's films and Coltrane's music similar, and what do these similarities tell us about their social, political and cultural contexts?


The information ratio (IR) and the batting average are two commonly quoted measures of investment success, but these measures have shortcomings: The IR contains no information about higher moments, and the batting average contains only directional information. This article demonstrates how the IR and batting average interact and how they can be usefully combined to allow investors to construct a comprehensive picture of the choices they face. The intriguing result is that large batting averages can result in low IRs and, conversely, impressive IRs can be obtained with low batting averages. Furthermore, in choosing between two managers with equivalent IRs, an investor who is averse to blowups should choose the manager with the lower batting average.


The analysis in this paper uncovers a heretofore unrecognized connection between the degree of competitive behavior in the product market and the preferred patent licensing mechanism. Using conjectural variations as a shorthand for several different supergame outcomes of a duopoly industry, we show that both the degree of competitive behavior and the extent of the asymmetries in the behavior of the firms in the market have a non-trivial effect on the patent licensing mechanism preferred by an external patentee. The relationship between the degree of competition in product markets and the preferred patent licensing mechanism, to the best of our knowledge, has not been addressed in the literature previously and represents a useful source of new empirical implications.


Physicochemical surface processes have great importance in the different fields of everyday life and science. Computational characterization of collisional energy transfer at a gasliquid interface is a helpful tool to interpret recent experimental studies and to yield insight into the energy feedback mechanism of multiphase combustion problems. As a first step, a simple Lennard-Jones system was used to investigate the dependence of the collisional energy transfer and the gas atom trapping probabilities on the temperature of the bulk liquid, on the gas/liquid particle mass ratios, on the incident angle of the impinging projectile, and on the gas-liquid interaction strength. We find in accord with the experimental results that the kinematic effects dominate the energy transfer dynamics, but the importance of the role of surface roughening as the temperature of the liquid increases is also seen. The second system, nitromethane was chosen to extend the range of simulations. It is a molecular model system, representing nitramine-type energetic materials. Having had a good potential description for the nitromethane molecule including all internal degrees of freedom, we generated simplified molecular systems based on the original nitromethane model to isolate particular features of the dynamics. We have investigated the effect of the initial incident energy, of the inclusion of the internal degrees of freedom, of the initial incident kinetic energy and of the gas–surface interaction strength. The incorporation of internal degrees of freedom enhanced the collisional energy transfer. These calculations also point to the importance of simple kinematics as it predicts the increase of the ratio of energy transferred with increased initial incident energy of the gas particle.


─Abstract ─ The article presents findings of two surveys pursued among Czech small and medium-sized enterprises focused on various supporting programmes in the field of research and development (R&D). The programmes are aimed mainly at commercial application of R&D, and hence are expected to be one of the main tools helping raise competitiveness of Czech enterprises. Recently, many public policies rely heavily on their positive effect. However, few research concerning effectiveness of the programmes has been pursued. The article intents to fill the research gap by surveying motivation of SMEs to participate, as well as benefits they obtain as a result of a funded activity. The article also discovers interesting insights regarding innovation activities of Czech enterprises.


Aims. We aim at investigating the morphology as well as kinematic and helicity evolution of a loop-like prominence during its eruption. Methods. We used multi-instrument observations from AIA/SDO, EUVI/STEREO and LASCO/SoHO. The kinematic, morphological, geometrical, and helicity evolution of a loop-like eruptive prominence were studied in the context of the magnetic flux rope model of solar prominences. Results. The prominence eruption evolved as a height-expanding twisted loop with both legs anchored in the chromosphere of a plage area. The eruption process consisted of a prominence activation, acceleration, and a phase of constant velocity. The prominence body was composed of counter-clockwise twisted threads around the main prominence axis. The twist during the eruption was estimated at 6π (3 turns). The prominence reached a maximum height of 526 Mm before contracting to its primary location and was partially reformed in the same place two days after the eruption. This ejection, however, triggered a coronal mass ejection (CME) observed in LASCO C2. The prominence was located in the northern periphery of the CME magnetic field configuration and, therefore, the background magnetic field was asymmetric with respect to the filament position. The physical conditions of the falling plasma blobs were analysed with respect to the prominence kinematics. Conclusions. The same sign of the prominence body twist and writhe, as well as the amount of twisting above the critical value of 2π after the activation phase indicate that possibly conditions for kink instability were present. No signature of magnetic reconnection was observed anywhere in the prominence body and its surroundings. The filament/prominence descent following the eruption and its partial reformation at the same place two days later suggest a confined type of eruption. The asymmetric background magnetic field possibly played an important role in the failed eruption.


For literally hundreds of years, political leaders and thinkers have deemed public safety the first duty of government. But they have defined public safety largely in terms of the "protection" function – protecting individuals from violent harm to person or property, from third parties, but also from natural elements. As the first duty, the protection function is privileged. Witness today how we valorize police and other first responders, defer to their decisions without sufficient scrutiny, and even immunize their mistakes.

Yet, is protection really all there is to public safety? For most people, being safe depends on much more: food, clean water and air, housing, a basic income and the means to obtain it, meaning education and a job. It might include health care, health insurance to obtain it, or the freedom from discrimination.

This Article argues that if individual safety includes some or all of these additional elements, then public safety—the government's obligation to ensure people are safe—should be understood far more capaciously than the protection function. At its analytic core, it shows that there is nothing particularly different about the protection function that justifies treating it as government's first job, while the other vital functions of government are relegated to second-class status. And it explores the many reasons that despite the fact that protection is not special, we nonetheless neglect all the other elements of individual safety.

Today, many argue that funding needs to be reallocated from policing to the other needs that challenged communities face. This Article provides a theoretical basis for those claims, establishing that we over-privilege the protection function, and under-support much else government should be doing. It demonstrates the very tangible harms people face because we definite public safety narrowly. On the one hand, people starve, go without shelter, die from air and water that is not clean, from the travails of living in poverty, and from the lack of health care. On the other hand, people are harmed at the hands of the police, because we do not scrutinize the protection function sufficiently to change this, we need to think more broadly about what safety—and public safety—means.


Gold nanoparticle (AuNP)/hexaammineruthenium(III) ([Ru(NH3)6]3+)/Nafion® modified glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs) were fabricated and used as working electrodes in the determination of lead and cadmium in commercial hair dyes. The reversibility and stability of the modified electrodes were examined using cyclic voltammetry in which the voltammograms showed reversible peaks. Lead (Pb2+), and cadmium (Cd2+) were detected through anodic stripping voltammetry. The AuNP–[Ru(NH3)6]3+ amount chosen to detect lead and cadmium in hair dyes was 3 mg and 1 mg, respectively, since it was able to simultaneously detect the said metal ions. Furthermore, the peak current and metal concentration displayed a linear relationship with strong correlation values from 0.30 part per million (ppm) to 0.75 ppm for Pb2+ and Cd2+. The limits of detection are 0.0450 ppm and 0.20 ppm for lead and cadmium, respectively. Atomic absorption spectrometry was used to verify the concentrations in each solution.


Many recent studies addressed morphological and molecular characterization, distribution, genetic diversity and evolutionary relationships of avian haemosporidian parasites (Haemosporida). However, the information about relationships between bird haemosporidians and their vectors remains fragmentary and scarce. Experimental studies on this subject are few. Recent advances in vector research of avian haemosporidians (Haemosporida) have been briefly reviewed in regard to the experimental studies, which have been carried out at the Nature Research Centre, Vilnius, during the last five years, with particular attention to widespread species of Plasmodium and Haemoproteus parasites. New information about vectors of avian malaria parasites and haemoproteids is provided and discussed. We point out high virulence of widespread Haemoproteus species for bloodsucking insects of the Culicidae and Ceratopogonidae, and call for additional studies on this subject. Due to widespread abortive sporogonic development in bloodsucking insects, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-based diagnostics should be carefully used in vector research of haemosporidians because it detects parasites in blood-sucking insects for several weeks after initial infection, but does not distinguish abortive parasite development. That questions vector studies, which are based solely on PCR-based tools. Demonstration of infective sporozoites in insects is essential for definitively demonstrating the insects are vectors. Because of the complicated life cycles of haemosporidians, microscopic approaches and experimental research remain essential and should be applied in parallel with PCRbased detection tools in vector studies, particularly in wildlife.


The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 is a public-health emergency of international concern and thus calling for the development of safe and effective therapeutics and prophylactics particularly a vaccine to protect against the infection. SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein is an attractive candidate for vaccine, antibodies and inhibitor development because of many roles it plays in attachment, fusion and entry into the host cell. In this study, we characterized the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein by immune-informatics techniques to put forward potential B and T cell epitopes, followed by the use of epitopes in construction of a multi-epitope peptide vaccine construct (MEPVC). The MEPVC revealed robust host immune system simulation with high production of immunoglobulins, cytokines and interleukins. Stable conformation of the MEPVC with a representative innate immune TLR3 receptor was observed involving strong hydrophobic and hydrophilic chemical interactions, along with enhanced contribution from salt-bridges towards inter-molecular stability. Molecular dynamics simulation in solution aided further in interpreting strong affinity of the MEPVC for TLR3. This stability is the attribute of several vital residues from both TLR3 and MEPVC as shown by radial distribution function (RDF) and a novel analytical tool axial frequency distribution (AFD). Comprehensive binding free energies estimation was provided at the end that concluded major domination by electrostatic and minor from van der Waals. Summing all, the designed MEPVC has tremendous potential of providing protective immunity against COVID-19 and thus has the potential to be considered in experimental studies.


In search of guaranteeing global energy requirements, waste from different agricultural, forestry and industrial sources is presented as a renewable and sustainable energy source. The manufacture of solid fuels from biomass based on the densification of this to improve its mechanical and energy properties is one of the mechanisms of viable energy production from the technical-economic point of view. The biomass mixture is one of the topics currently researched, in which various factors can affect the final behavior of the briquettes. In this research the influence on the mechanical properties of briquettes obtained from the mixture between two biomasses is studied: rice husk and pine sawdust. A mixed factorial experimental factorial design is used, in which the process temperature, the proportion of the rice husk biomass over the total mass, and the compaction time are defined as experimental factors. Experimental statistical models are obtained that partially explain the behavior of several responses that characterize the mechanical properties of the briquettes based on the selected independent parameters. It was found that the mechanical durability of the briquettes is higher than 97.5%, meets the existing standards, like German Institute for Standardization (DIN) 51731, Theological Institute Batista Ebenézer (ITEBE) SS187120 or International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 17225-2, for a compaction temperature of 110 °C and a proportion of rice husk that does not exceed 60% of the total biomass mixture in the briquette. The compaction time was also statistically significant to achieve a briquettes density and an appropriate elasticity modulus in the briquettes. The results of this research are of interest and can serve as a starting point for the design of the industrial process of densification of these two mixed biomasses.


Web-based development is a relatively immature area of Software Engineering, producing often complex applications to many different types of end user and stakeholders. Web Engineering as a research area, was created to introduce
processes that enable web based development to be repeatable and to avoid potential failure in the fast changing landscape that is the current ubiquitous
Internet. A survey of existing perspectives from the literature highlights a number of points. Firstly, that web development has a number of subtle differences to
Software Engineering and that many web development methods are not used. Further, that there has been little work done on what should be in a web development method. A full survey of 50 web development methods finds that they do not give enough detail to be used in their entirety; they are difficult for a non-computer scientist to understand in the techniques they use and most do not cover the lifecycle, particularly in the area of requirements, implementation and
testing. This thesis introduces a requirements framework for novice web developers. It is created following an in-depth case study carried out over two years that
investigates the use of web development methods by novice developers. The study finds that web development methods are not easy to understand, there is a lack of explanation as to how to use the techniques within the method and the language used is too complex. A high level method is derived with an iterative process and with the requirements phase in the form of a framework; it addresses the problems
that are discussed and provides excellent support for a novice web developer in the requirements phase of the lifecycle. An evaluation of the method using a group of
novice developers who reflect on the method and a group who use it for development finds that the method is both easy to understand and use.


The study conducted to determine the rice harvest for the 2011-2012 agricultural season, harvest contribution to the food availability of the households until the next harvest, identified the main constraints facing by the farmers during the season, and assess mitigating factors to overcome constraints. The survey revealed that 59% of farmers were land tenants while 20% of farmers indicated they were landowners of the land they cultivated and 21% of farmers were landless. The average production per hectare was 20.71 bags. The main factors that have contributed to very low production were the attack from pests and diseases (84%), inadequate farming technique were farmers still applying traditional farming system (trampling) due to lack of appropriate training, lack of capital to pay for proper plugging and irrigation, crop maintenance and fertilization. Farmers' own produced food lasted only an average of 5.86 months. Another source of food was like the purchase of it on local market or store (71%), rely on food casual labor or daily works (49%), taking debts from relatives (37%), selling of livestock to buy food (15%), relying on the gift (9%) and consume seeds stocks (9%) will be among the strategies to allow farmers to live up to the next harvest.


Abstract Novel surface coatings of percutaneous implants need to be tested in biocompatibility studies. The use of animal models for testing usually involves numerous lethal biopsies for the analysis of the implant-tissue interface. In this study, optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to monitor the reaction of the skin to a percutaneous implant in an animal model of hairless but immunocompetent mice. In vivo optical biopsies with OCT were taken at days 7 and 21 after implantation and post mortem on the day of noticeable inflammation. A Fourier-domain OCT was programmed for spoke pattern scanning schemes centered at the implant midpoint to reduce motion artifacts during in vivo imaging. Image segmentation allowed the automatic detection and morphometric analysis of the skin contour and the subcutaneous implant anchor. On the basis of the segmentation, the overall refractive index of the tissue within one OCT data set was estimated as a free parameter of a fitting algorithm, which corrects for the curved distortion of the planar implant base in the OCT images. OCT in combination with the spoke scanning scheme and image processing provided time-resolved three-dimensional optical biopsies around the implants to assess tissue morphology.


Abstract: Translocation is increasingly used to move animals of conservation concern away from sites where habitat will be destroyed (mitigation translocation), but outcomes have rarely been adequately monitored, particularly for amphibians. We used radiotelemetry monitoring to assess survival and movement of 23 experimentally translocated, adult Gopher Frogs (Lithobates capito) at a recipient site in north-central Florida, USA. Although posttranslocation monitoring was our primary goal, we also compared our results with those of 24 nontranslocated frogs that were monitored in three previous efforts, conducted at different locations and times. For both translocated and nontranslocated frogs, movement was the most important predictor of mortality, with translocated frogs having a significantly higher probability of movement and higher mortality during the first month following release. However, there was no effect of translocation on survival after controlling for probability of movement because movement was dangerous for both translocated and nontranslocated frogs. Movement by translocated frogs was likely a behavioral response to the translocation experience, whereas movement by nontranslocated frogs was associated with breeding pond visitation, which was not observed within the translocated group. Survival was high for both groups once they settled into underground refugia and movement declined. Despite the comparatively high mortality of translocated frogs immediately following release, more than half survived to the end of monitoring and remained in the vicinity of the release site, meeting an early benchmark of translocation success.


Expansion of rotational timber harvesting of mangroves is set to increase, particularly given greater recognition of the economic, societal and environmental benefits. Generic and standardized procedures for monitoring mangroves are, therefore, needed to ensure their long‐term sustainable utilisation. Focusing on the Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve (MMFR), Perak State, Peninsular Malaysia, thematic and continuous environmental descriptors with defined codes or units, including lifeform, forest age (years), canopy cover (%), above‐ground biomass (Mg ha−1) and relative amounts of woody debris (%), were retrieved from time‐series data from spaceborne optical and single/dual polarimetric and interferometric RADAR. These were then combined for multiple points in time to generate land cover and evidence‐based change maps according to the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Land Cover Classification System (LCCS) and using the framework of the Earth Observation Data for Ecosystem Monitoring (EODESM). Change maps were based on a pre‐defined taxonomy, with focus on clear cutting and regrowth. Uncertainties surrounding the land cover and change maps were based on those determined for the environmental descriptors used for their generation and through comparison with independent retrieval from other EO data sources. For the MMFR and also for other mangroves worldwide where harvesting is occurring or being considered, a new approach and opportunity for supporting management of mangroves is presented, which has application for future planning of mangrove resources.


Solid fat is a "staple" in the modern diet in the form of products such as butter, margarine, and shortening. Due to its potentially detrimental effects on health, numerous dietary guidelines recommend its restriction. This opens up opportunities to develop fat replacers via edible oil structuring. In this study, we report the development of a unique, non-thermal method to create oleogels which contain only natural food fibres and liquid vegetable oil. Moreover, they do not oil off on compression. The objective was to understand how the structure of insoluble fibre influenced the physical properties of oleogels, specifically physical robustness and apparent melting point. The fibres studied were citrus fibre of different particle sizes, and nata de coco fibre known for its thinner dimension and finer three-dimensional structure. The melting characteristics of oleogels were studied by differential scanning calorimetry and visual observation. The physical robustness of oleogels was characterised by the spreadability method using a texture analyser. The presence of fibre was found to disrupt fat crystallisation, leading to proportionately more crystal species that were less stable. However, the true melting point of fat was not significantly altered. Despite greater disruption, oleogels made with longer and/or more extensive fibres were mainly firmer and capable of keeping the oil in the solid oleogel form, even under elevated temperatures. Our novel approach for manufacturing oleogels opens up a range of opportunities for their application in various products and systems.


CONTEXT
Helicobacter pylori commonly infects humans; however, its mode of transmission remains unknown.

OBJECTIVE
To determine how humans-the primary host for H pylori-shed the organism into the environment.

DESIGN
Controlled clinical experimental study conducted from February through December 1998.

SETTING
Clinical research unit of a hospital in northern California.

PATIENTS
Sixteen asymptomatic H pylori-infected and 10 uninfected adults.

INTERVENTION
A cathartic (sodium phosphate) and an emetic (ipecac) were given to all infected subjects and an emetic was given to 1 uninfected subject.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
Confirmed H pylori isolates cultured from stool, air, or saliva before and after catharsis and emesis and from vomitus during emesis. Isolates were fingerprinted using repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP) polymerase chain reaction and species identity was confirmed by sequencing the 16s ribosomal RNA gene.

RESULTS
All vomitus samples from infected subjects grew H pylori, often in high quantities. Air sampled during vomiting grew H pylori from 6 (37.5%) of the 16 subjects. Saliva before and after emesis grew low quantities of H pylori in 3 (18.8%) and 9 (56.3%) subjects, respectively. No normal stools and only 22 (21.8%) of 101 induced stools grew the organism, although 7 (50.0%) of 14 subjects had at least 1 positive culture (2 stool culture samples were contaminated by fungus and were not included). Fingerprints of isolates within subjects were identical to one another but differed among subjects. No samples from uninfected subjects yielded H pylori.

CONCLUSIONS
Helicobacter pylori can be cultivated uniformly from vomitus and, occasionally, from saliva and cathartic stools. The organism is potentially transmissible during episodes of gastrointestinal tract illness, particularly with vomiting.


The role of gonadal hormones in the production of five odors that are attractive to the opposite sex was investigated in meadow voles, Microtus pennsylvanicus. Preferences of intact male and female voles for the scents of same- versus opposite-sex conspecifics were examined. The attractiveness of opposite-sex scents from feces, mouth, and the posterolateral region was eliminated by gonadectomy of scent donors and was restored by replacement with testosterone in male donors and estradiol-17 beta in female donors. The attractiveness of the scents of urine and the anogenital area was reduced by gonadectomy of scent donors, but was not eliminated. This suggests that the sexually attractive components of urine and the anogenital area do not depend solely on gonadal hormones. The present data suggest that (1) gonadal hormones have an important role in production of sexually attractive components of all scents that we found to be sexually distinctive, but (2) the sexually attractive components of some scents are in addition influenced by other factors, possibly other hormones. Nongonadal influences on these scents may provide sexually distinctive information outside the breeding season when endogenous gonadal hormone concentrations are low.


The architecture of two-tiered sensor networks, where storage nodes serve as an intermediate tier between sensors and a sink for storing data and processing queries, has been widely adopted because of the benefits of power and storage saving for sensors as well as the efficiency of query processing. However, the importance of storage nodes also makes them attractive to attackers. In this paper, we propose SafeQ, a protocol that prevents attackers from gaining information from both sensor collected data and sink issued queries. SafeQ also allows a sink to detect compromised storage nodes when they misbehave. To preserve privacy, SafeQ uses a novel technique to encode both data and queries such that a storage node can correctly process encoded queries over encoded data without knowing their values. To preserve integrity, we propose a new data structure called neighborhood chains that allows a sink to verify whether the result of a query contains exactly the data items that satisfy the query. In addition, we propose a solution to adapt SafeQ for event-driven sensor networks.


Index number is useful when the measurements are in different units, and it can be applied to different sectors of economic activity, as well as having many other applications. A main aim of this study is to construct national index numbers for both the agricultural production and ex-farm prices for agricultural production of the agriculture sector of Iraq and to evaluate these indices during the period of the study. These indices are used instead of the indices that are constructed by Central Statistical Organization of Iraq using the Laspeyres formula, to find direct index number. This index is facing some problems: 1) It cannot be used over a long period of time. 2) The list of items cannot be add or deducted from. Therefore, to avoid these problems the chain index number is used in this study. The Fisher formula is used in calculations to give results which can be maintained to be unbiased because Laspeyres formula has an upward biased result and Paasche result is downward biased. The chain Fisher index number with a moving average is employed to avoid the effects of the undetermined factors on the construction of index number. The effects of the annual temperature as one of the undetermined factors is tested. The moving average on which the construction of index number depends as weight is tested to explain the undetermined factors. The index number of production is used to find the productivity of the cultivated area for annually growing crops. The relation between the productivity, cultivated area indices, production indices and ex-farm prices is tested depending on the test hypothesis for the rank correlation coefficient for all these indicators.


The quality of VoIP communication relies significantly on the network that transports the voice packets because this network does not usually guarantee the available bandwidth, delay, and loss that are critical for real-time voice traffic. The solution proposed here is to manage the voice-over-IP stream dynamically, changing parameters as needed to assure quality. The main objective of this dissertation is to develop an adaptive speech encoding system that can be applied to conventional (telephony-grade) and wideband voice communications. This comprehensive study includes the investigation and development of three key components of the system. First, to manage VoIP quality dynamically, a tool is needed to measure real-time changes in quality. The E-model, which exists for narrowband communication, is extended to a single computational technique that measures speech quality for narrowband and wideband VoIP codecs. This part of the dissertation also develops important theoretical work in the area of wideband telephony. The second system component is a variable speech-encoding algorithm. Although VoIP performance is affected by multiple codecs and network-based factors, only three factors can be managed dynamically: voice payload size, speech compression and jitter buffer management. Using an existing adaptive jitter-buffer algorithm, voice packet-size and compression variation are studied as they affect speech quality under different network conditions. This study explains the relationships among multiple parameters as they affect speech transmission and its resulting quality. Then, based on these two components, the third system component is a novel adaptive-rate control algorithm that establishes the interaction between a VoIP sender and receiver, and manages voice quality in real-time. Simulations demonstrate that the system provides better average voice quality than traditional VoIP.


Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a versatile bacterial species that exists as a commensal organism in the lower gastrointestinal tract of humans as well as a pathogen that causes a variety of diseases. Some pathogenic E. coli strains cause diarrheal illness (intraintestinal pathogenic E. coli), whereas others cause extraintestinal infections [extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC)]. Since the implementation of an intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis program against group B Streptococcus in 1996, its global incidence with respect to newborn sepsis has decreased significantly. However, the overall incidence of E. coli has remained stable over the past few decades, and there has been a significant increase in this species in lateonset sepsis in preterm infants. E. coli is the leading cause of neonatal bacterial sepsis and meningitis. Neonatal meningitis occurs in roughly 0.2 to 1 per 1,000 live births; it is closely associated with sepsis. Even countries with highly developed health care systems encounter high rates of mortality rates (10–30%) due to the disease. Moreover, long-term neurological sequelae are common among more than half of the survivors. The worldwide burden of these extraintestinal infections is staggering. Moreover, E. coli pathogens, particularly those causing extraintestinal infections, have developed resistance to every class of antibiotics introduced to treat human infections. Several surveillance studies during the 2000s across Europe and North and South America have shown that approximately 20–45% of E. coli isolates are resistant to first-line antibiotics including cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. The production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) is the main cause of such antibiotic resistance in E. coli. We have already had surveillance results in clinical isolates in neonates. Overall non-susceptible rates to amoxicillin were 72%, tetracycline was 66%, ceftriaxone were 50%, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were 48%, cefepime were 42%, and ciprofloxacin were 36%, respectively. During the 1980s and 1990s, SHV or TEM types were the major types of ESBLs identified among clinical isolates. However, since the mid2000s, CTX-M β-lactamases have become the most common and widespread type. ST131 is considered the most common ESBL-producing E. coli type that causes urinary tract infections and bloodstream infections worldwide. Since 2012, ST1193 has emerged as a new virulent clone of fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli in several countries. Developing alternative strategies to prevent/eliminate these E. coli infections requires fully understanding the constant epidemiological surveillance of antibiotic-resistance trends of these bacteria, as well as the transmission risks. The transmission of E. coli strains from the mother to the newborn frequently occurs during passage of the neonate through the vaginal canal. Thus, programmes to screen for vaginal and rectal colonization of pregnant women by E. coli, particularly those neonates with sepsis and meningitis, may be effective for infection prevention. Few studies highlighted similarities between newborns and their mothers. It important to know well about E. coli and decrease the morbidity and mortality rates from invasive infection with E. coli among neonates.


Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) complements magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a non-invasive means for the characterization of tissue. While MRI uses the signal from hydrogen protons to form anatomic images, proton MRS uses this information to determine the concentration of brain metabolites such as N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), creatine (Cr) and lactate in the tissue examined. The most widely used clinical application of MRS has been in the evaluation of central nervous system disorders.MRS has its limitations and is not always specific but, with good technique and in combination with clinical information and conventional MRI, can be very helpful in diagnosing certain entities. For example, a specific pattern of metabolites can be seen in disorders such as Canavan's disease, creatine deficiency, and untreated bacterial brain abscess. MRS may also be helpful in the differentiation of high grade from low grade brain tumors, and perhaps in separating recurrent brain neoplasm from radiation injury.


The relationship between antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) and sickle cell disease (SCD) has never been systematically addressed. Our aim was to evaluate potential links between SCD and aPL in all age groups. EMBASE/PubMed was screened from inception to May 2020 and Peto odds ratios for rare events were calculated. The pooled prevalence (PP) of IgG anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) was higher in individuals with SCD than in controls (27.9% vs 8.7%, P < 0.0001), that of IgM aCL was similar in the two groups (2.9% vs 2.7%); only individuals with SCD were positive for lupus anticoagulant (LA) (7.7% vs 0%, P < 0.0001). The PP of leg ulcers was similar between aPL positive and negative individuals (44% vs 53%) and between patients in acute crisis and stable patients (5.6% vs 7.3%). Reporting of aPL as a binary outcome and not as a titer precluded further interpretation. The results indicate that a prospective case-control study with serial measurements of a panel of aPL in SCD patients might be warranted, in order to understand further the possible pathogenic role of aPL in SCD.


Abstract Stemflow, throughfall and bulk precipitation were collected on six creosotebushes ( Larrea tridentata ) during 18 events in the summer rainy season in the northern Chihuahuan Desert. The average stemflow was 16·8 ± 1·9%; throughfall averaged 64·7 ±3·2%. The concentration of all ions measured were significantly higher in stemflow than in the bulk precipitation. Total nitrogen, sulfate, and calcium concentrations were more than an order of magnitude higher in the stemflow than in the bulk precipitation. Concentration of ions in the upper 10 cm of soil were generally higher in soils under shrubs than in soils between shrubs. Measured quantities of ions in dry-fall were of sufficient magnitude to account for the increased concentration in stemflow water of most ions. Increases in nitrogen in stemflow water may be due to biological activity of stem crust micro-organisms in addition to dry-fall. Dry-fall that collects on the leaves and stems of this desert shrub may contribute to the 'fertile island' effect on the soils under the canopies of creosotebushes.


Repositioning patients in bed to promote comfort and prevent impairments caused by continuously lying in a prone position is a task frequently performed by nurses and nursing assistants. Repositioning is a high-risk activity, frequently causing occupational injuries. These occupational injuries are attributed to excessive physical demands on nurses due to patients' weight and awkward nurse postures. During repositioning, risk of injury can be lowered by reducing friction between the patient and the bed. Hence, certain friction-reducing devices have been developed to reduce the manual force required to move patients. Nevertheless, further research is needed to evaluate the potential effectiveness of these devices. Therefore, the aim of this review was to present current research about the risk factors, prevention strategies, and assistive devices that could reduce work-related musculoskeletal disorders caused by repositioning patients in bed.


In Nefertiti's Sun Temple Jacquelyn Williamson reconstructs art and inscriptions from the ancient city at Tell el-Amarna to locate Queen Nefertiti's 'Sunshade of Re' temple and a mortuary site that served the funerary needs of the non-royal courtiers.


We present a technique for automatically verifying atomicity of composed concurrent operations. The main observation behind our approach is that many composed concurrent operations which occur in practice are data-independent. That is, the control-flow of the composed operation does not depend on specific input values. While verifying data-independence is undecidable in the general case, we provide succint sufficient conditions that can be used to establish a composed operation as data-independent. We show that for the common case of concurrent maps, data-independence reduces the hard problem of verifying linearizability to a verification problem that can be solved efficiently with a bounded number of keys and values. We implemented our approach in a tool called VINE and evaluated it on all composed operations from 57 real-world applications (112 composed operations). We show that many composed operations (49 out of 112) are data-independent, and automatically verify 30 of them as linearizable and the rest 19 as having violations of linearizability that could be repaired and then subsequently automatically verified. Moreover, we show that the remaining 63 operations are not linearizable, thus indicating that data independence does not limit the expressiveness of writing realistic linearizable composed operations.