DOI: 10.7764/RDLC.16.1.66 The present study aims to provide an exact solution for thermal buckling of bimorph functionally graded circular plates under uniform thermal loading with regard to von Karman's classic theory and non-linear assumptions in clamped-clamped, simple-simple, clamped-simple and simple-clamped support conditions. Martials properties will change in association to the middle surface of symmetric plate and according to the power law in direction of thickness. So that, the middle surface of the annular plate was pure metal and the sides of plate were pure ceramic. Using non-linear equations energy, the equilibrium was determined and the stability equations were employed by the method of equilibrium in vicinity in order to specify the critical temperature of buckling. Finally, a closed solution was obtained. We also measured the impact of varying factors like the rate of thickness to plate radius changes, volume fraction percentile changes of materials, and the ratio of the inner radius to the outer radius over the critical buckling temperature. Then, the results were compared together and with former studies. The findings indicated that for bimorph functionally graded materials, thermal moment does not occur, while buckling critical temperature in bimorph functionally graded materials of annular plates increases as the ratio of thickness to radius increases. Moreover, by increasing the ratio of inner to outer radius in clamped-clamped and clamped-simple support conditions we have an increase in thermal buckling free parameter.


While pharmacogenomics has been evolving over the past 30 years, there has been a rapid acceleration of the translation of research findings over the past decade. While genomically informed strategies to provide a more rationale approach to medication management has influenced every medical subspecialty, pharmacogenomic testing has the potential to have the greatest impact on psychiatry as a consequence of the large variety of available psychotropic medications and the central role that psychopharmacology plays in current psychiatric practice. While individual laboratories initiated psychiatric pharmacogenomic testing prior to 2004, the approval of the Amplichip by the Federal Department of Administration (FDA) in the USA provided high profile recognition of the importance of identifying psychiatric patients who had atypical metabolic capacity. While the initial two genes included in this initial product were the cytochrome P450 2D6 gene (CYP2D6) and the cytochrome P450 2C19 gene (CYP2C19), several other cytochrome P450 genes have subsequently been added to laboratory profiles providing greater sophistication in identifying patients with a problematic metabolic capacity. The second major class of pharmacogenomically relevant genes has been broadly described as "target genes." These include the neurotransmitter transporter receptor genes. With the ability to create a more comprehensive pharmacogenomic profile for a given patient, there has been increased precision in establishing both the probability of side effects and the likelihood of a clinical response. Gene variations providing information about a specific medication have also been identified. A good example is the *1502 variant of the HLA-B gene. After an FDA warning about the risk of Asian patients developing Stevens Johnson Syndrome, it quickly became standard practice to screen patients of Asian ancestry for the *1502 allele prior to prescribing carbamazepine. We are currently in the early adoption state of pharmacogenomic testing in the USA. A number of academic medical centres, including the Mayo Clinic and the Cincinnati Children's Hospital, have been genotyping drug metabolising enzyme genes and selected target genes for almost a decade. However, the adoption of pharmacogenomic testing has been less rapid in community practice because of problems with the reimbursement for testing. However, with increasing appreciation of the benefits of testing, it is widely anticipated that psychiatric pharmacogenomic testing will become the standard of clinical practice in the US within the next 5 years. Possible barriers to adoption will be reviewed and discussed, as well as the imperative need for the translation of new research findings.


A discussion is given of the ongoing research related to laminar flow airfoils, nacelles, and wings where the laminar flow is maintained by a favorable pressure gradient, surface suction or a combination of the two. Design methologies for natural laminar flow airfoil sections and wings for both low and high speed applications are outlined. Tests of a 7-foot chord, 23-deg sweep laminar flow-control airfoil at high subsonic Mach numbers are described, along with the associated stability theory used to design the suction system. The state-of-the-art of stability theory is simply stated and a typical calculation illustrated. In addition, recent computer simulations of transition using the time dependent Navier-Stokes equations are briefly described. Advances in wind tunnel capabilities and instrumentation will be reviewed, followed by the presentation of a few results from both wind tunnels and flight. Finally, some suggestions for future work will complete the paper.


In this research, elemental powder mixture of pure tungsten and copper powders was prepared after 1 hr of mixing, and pressed under a load of 500 MPa. Samples from the pressed mixture were liquid phase sintered in a furnace under pure hydrogen atmosphere at different temperatures (1150-1200-1300-1400 C) for 2 hrs. Structure, grain size, density, hardness and strength of produced samples after sintering were studied in different temperatures. Results showed that increasing in temperature up to 1300 C results in increasing in density, hardness and strength. However, at 1400 C due to extensive number of voids among tungsten particles, these properties were found to decrease. The microstructure was associated with wide and deep holes.


'Is Antony or we in fault for this?' Cleopatra asks Enobarbus, who is responsible for the loss at the Battle of Actium. Critics who find Cleopatra guilty take her supposed involvement in decision-making about the battlefield and escape from Actium as evidence of her culpability. Taking into consideration Antony's strong belief in Fate, this article proposes that Antony tacitly exculpates Cleopatra for his vanquishment in Actium and that Cleopatra's 'flight' is actually a tactical retreat rather than an action performed out of fear. This article also focuses on Cleopatra's relationship with her servants, which has received almost no critical attention. Drawing on the politeness and the speech act theories, I demonstrate how democratic, humble and grateful Cleopatra is in her treatment of her attendants.


»Beet und Treibhaus. Botanik, Gärten und die Zirkulation von Dingwissen«. The development and management of planted spaces in Northwestern Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries depended on the possibilities for circulation in the republic of letters of the Dutch golden age. Circulation was accompanied by questions of managing space, information and "epistemic things" (Rheinberger) for botanists. Against the conceptual backdrop of "circulation" (Raj), "circulatory regimes" (Saunier) and "ensembles of things" (Hahn), this paper analyses, first, flowerbeds as a script for managing information that shaped botanical gardens across Europe in Leiden, Uppsala, Coimbra, and as far as Batavia according to Linnaean principles. Second, it investigates hothouses as spaces for managing things, and with it the role of knowledge in things handled by professional and amateur gardeners, not least the stove for pineapple cultivation. The paper concludes with reflections on the community of the material and the social around epistemic things, and the differing influences of description and narration in garden spaces.


Blunt thoracic trauma followed by aortic rupture (BTAR), is a unique injury to the aorta (which is the main output of blood from the heart). BTAR could be explained as a compression of the rib cage, (produced by a trauma to the chest), which affects the internal organs and injure the aorta in a specific spot. This thesis work will analyze the mechanism of this injury.

A hypothesis has been developed to explain the mechanism of BTAR, if the mechanism is known an external device could be designed to prevent it. In this thesis, numerical simulations will be performed as a way to recreate BTAR and prove that the mechanism is not due to only one assumption, instead of being a complex trauma, it triggers different mechanisms.

The study starts with an explanation of the trauma and a rough rationale for the mechanisms proposed in this work. Literature has been reviewed marking the starting point for this research. This first chapter concludes with the methodology that will take place and how will be studied throughout the chapters.

A validation of the mechanical properties and material model is performed on the first simulation of the second chapter. Once the mechanical properties and material model have been validated, a simulation to prove the first mechanism proposed is performed.

A scar at the inner aspect of the aortic isthmus will generate a concentration of stress, if the tissue is subjected to an increment of pressure. A simulation of a bubble inflation test with the insertion of a patch, which varies in diameter and stiffness is performed on this second chapter, finding an intensity factor of 1.53, 1.43 and 1.66 in diameters of 1 mm, 2 mm and 3 mm respectively, these values represents a concentration of stress and strain at the border of the patch and the aorta. This is shown in the second chapter which validates the mechanism that a scar at the aortic isthmus, due to the closure of the Ductus Arteriosus, will weaken the aortic wall.

The third chapter compares two ways of geometry generation. With an increment of internal pressure first in a high pressure range having the highest error before 150 kPa, hence a normal physiological pressure range was simulated and a dramatic increase of errors started at 18.7 kPa, the outermost layer of the aorta shows the highest values. To achieve these a 10 mm specimen from the descending aorta was generated by two methods; a geometric approximated model designed with a Computational Assisted Design software, and a segmented model, which was designed by segmenting 3D medical images.

The simulation of the third chapter demonstrates that the aorta changes its cross section when it is subjected to hypertension values, therefore the fourth chapter tests the architecture of the thoracic aorta when is subjected to a pressure range which includes the different levels of hypertension.

For this analysis the aorta is divided into four different sections, ascending aorta, descending aorta, external aortic isthmus and internal aortic isthmus. The internal part of the aortic isthmus, at the innermost layer, shows higher stress values with less displacement. On the displacement analysis, the descending aorta shows a value at 18.7 kPa of 0.6 x 10^-3 m and the internal part of the aortic isthmus of 0.2 x 10^-3 m, for the stress values the descending aorta shows a value of 0.4 MPa and the internal part of the aortic isthmus of 0.35 MPa.

The last chapter employs the finite element method with a fluid solid interaction, and a smooth particle hydrodynamics formulation for the blood. This simulation uses a geometric approximation of the chest including the sternum and spine, heart and a three layered aorta. This model is subjected to different values of speed, introduced at the sternum, which will compress the heart recreating a blunt thoracic trauma. For this analysis, the aorta is also divided into the same zones as in the fourth chapter.

It is shown that at a velocity of 20 m x s^-1 values of pressure higher than 270 kPa (rupture pressure validated on the second chapter) and stress values higher than 1819.2 kPa experimental minimum ultimate stress [Pearson et. al., 2008] (tested and validated on the second chapter) are located at the inner aspect of the aortic isthmus of the intima layer.

When the four results chapters are analysed together, it can be seen that the architecture of the aorta changes during hypertension values, and the concentration of stress and strain changes from the adventitia layer to the Intima layer, due to the change of the cross section geometry.

This thesis concludes that a mechanism of a BTAR is too complex to explain only by one mechanism, therefore a conjunction of numerical simulations test and validate a multivariate hypothesis proposed. The limitations of this thesis are also explored in the final chapter, with a proposal of a future work, to keep track with the research, and could design an external device to prevent people from dying in car crashes due to BTAR.


Where does the welfare state come from? On the long history of a modern key conceptThisarticle charts the history of the term the welfare state in Germany and the United States, the two countries where it was formed. It starts from the premise that political key concepts, such as the welfare state, have multiple meanings and are open to contestation. This means that the objective is to study the different and changing usages and meanings of the term from the 1860s to the 1940s.In the oldest of the four usages, der Wohlfahrtsstaat referred to pre-1789 authoritarian regimes where the welfare of the people constituted the objective and rationale of the state. Gradually during the latter half of the nineteenth century, an alternative understanding emerged in Germany where the culture and welfare state connoted a responsible state, which regulated the modernizing economy. In the early twentieth century, many texts mentioned this new Kultur- und Wohlfahrtsstaat as a fitting label for contemporary Germany. At the same time, this new regulating welfare state became a topic in the United States as well.In the Weimar Republic 1919–33, the idea of the social welfare state was highly contested from the start. This understanding centred on social policy, on the state as the driving force in social reform. Fourthly, the democratic welfare state, a state that catered for the common good and respected civil liberties, was contrasted to authoritarian power states. These four usages should not be seen as separate stages in an orderly historical sequence of conceptual development, but as co-existing layers of meaning that could be mixed in multiple and changing ways. Depending on ideological and political point of view, the modern welfare state, which emerged after 1945, could incorporate one or several of the historical layers (the authoritarian-paternalistic, the regulating, the social and the democratic welfare state). This new idea of the welfare state was a product of the Depression and the War with expanding state activity and ideological mobilization. The United States' acquired position as global military and moral superpower constituted one prerequisite. The welfare state was in this sense part of the democratic restart after 1945. Two considerations were important for this conception: the state's responsibility for promoting economic growth and combating unemployment and the emergence of human rights that include social security.


Selective rationalization has become a common mechanism to ensure that predictive models reveal how they use any available features. The selection may be soft or hard, and identifies a subset of input features relevant for prediction. The setup can be viewed as a co-operate game between the selector (aka rationale generator) and the predictor making use of only the selected features. The co-operative setting may, however, be compromised for two reasons. First, the generator typically has no direct access to the outcome it aims to justify, resulting in poor performance. Second, there's typically no control exerted on the information left outside the selection. We revise the overall co-operative framework to address these challenges. We introduce an introspective model which explicitly predicts and incorporates the outcome into the selection process. Moreover, we explicitly control the rationale complement via an adversary so as not to leave any useful information out of the selection. We show that the two complementary mechanisms maintain both high predictive accuracy and lead to comprehensive rationales.


The current study is a research on use of EtherPad platform for online collaborative writing tasks. There are lots of reports and research dealing with these platforms, the integration of technology and its use for online educational purposes. Many of them showed that online education is very new for the learners and there is little contribution to their learning process in terms of changing their traditional educational behaviors. Furthermore, the teachers are still focusing on using technology for their own sake but there is very little attention on in-class or out-class activities since most of the time, their in-service training including appropriate technological tools, syllabus integration and consultation are disregarded. It seems that there's very little interest on synchronous collaborative online writing by the language learners with different language learning strategies. Therefore, this study investigates how the learners with different language learning strategies behave in online platforms while they are using online materials and particularly writing over EtherPad . Voluntary participants could easily integrate into online platforms and spent remarkable effort and time to cooperate and complete all given tasks and especially synchronous online collaborated writing tasks. As a result of the research, it was observed that performance of two groups of participants with different language learning strategies have significantly differentiated, which suggested that such online writing activities can be implemented to diagnose such differences among the learners and be useful to manipulate their learning process in order to assist them to improve their certain learning skills and motivate them according to their needs.


We determine layer selectively the magnetic moments, spin orientations and thicknessess oP an epitaxial double spin valve structure, Si(00l)/Cn/FeNi/Cu/Co/Cu/FeNi/Cu, using Polarised Neutron Reflectivity (PNR). At saturation, the layer-averaged magnetic moment per CO atom was Pound to be 1.71 ± 0.08 μ<sub<B, while the top (bottom) FeNi layer moment was 1.08 ± 0.06 μB (0.95 ± 0.08 μB). For an applied field strength Ha smaller than the c0 layer coercive field of ~100 Oe, the CO and FeNi layer magnetisation vectors are Pound to lie in-plane but canted with respect to each other in contrast to the fully antiparallel state predicted by simple energy minimisation. The observed canting is discussed with regard to the role of magnetic domains in the CO layer.


Silver colloids prepared by laser ablation in water have been linked using sp-hybridized carbon chains thus obtaining a plasmonic transfer between the metallic nanoparticles. It has been found that the state of the metallic surface is of fundamental importance for the plasmonic transfer. The role of the carbon �- electron system has been considered in order to justify the electromagnetic field amplification and the observed surface enhanced Raman signals. These findings open the possibility to control the electronic transfer between different metallic nanostructures for the application in future plasmonic devices.


The purpose of this research is to present a multimedia application for doing simulation in Physics. The application is a web based simulator that implementing HTML5, WebGL, and JavaScript. The objects and the environment will be in three dimensional views. This application is hoped will become the substitute for practicum activity. The current development is the application only covers Newtonian mechanics. Questionnaire and literature study is used as the data collecting method. While Waterfall Method used as the design method. The result is Three-DimensionalPhysics Simulator as online web application. Three-Dimensionaldesign and mentor-mentee relationship is the key features of this application. The conclusion made is Three-DimensionalPhysics Simulator already fulfilled in both design and functionality according to user. This application also helps them to understand Newtonian mechanics by simulation. Improvements are needed, because this application only covers Newtonian Mechanics. There is a lot possibility in the future that this simulation can also covers other Physics topic, such as optic, energy, or electricity.


The Balanced Curriculum is a web-based tool that school districts use to create, align, assess, and manage their curriculum development and implementation. The courses are divided into time-bound units with significant tasks (or assured activities) that local district teachers develop and promise to teach. The significant tasks are aligned to standards and assessment specifications. District curriculum authors also develop assessments for all to use when implementing the curriculum. Results of more than 15 years of implementation show that all districts that have developed curriculum using this model, and ensured implementation, have had significant improvement on their test scores. Implications for teachers, principals, and central office staff are given at the end of the article.


Nurse leaders continue to seek support programs essential for advancement to senior roles. Providing such support presents a challenge for the future of nursing in the state of New Jersey and on a national level. This articlediscusses the creationofamentorship program by the Organization of Nurse Executives of New Jersey (ONE NJ). In recognition of the program, which has contributed to the advancement of New Jersey nursing leadership, the ONE NJ received the 2014 American Organization of Nurse Executives Chapter Achievement Award.


The present research strives to improve safety cultures to reduce work-related injuries in the hazardous environment of the construction industry for foreign workers using a training course. It focuses on developing a framework for needs of information delivery used by foreign workers based on misunderstanding problem in, Health, Safety and Environment Induction Training (HSEIT). The aim of
this study is to discover the needs and redevelop a framework for information delivery for foreign workers in the course. This study has been carried out using quantitative approach with convenient sampling. The respondents are foreign workers who are involved in construction works in a natural environment. They are trained how to protect themselves against hazardous environmental and ecological events. Research findings revealed that among the needs for information delivery by the foreign workers in training course include
printed text in their own language for the notes, books, booklets; oral delivery is also expected to be in their own language, which includes face-to-face delivery, slides, film, and video. This is found to be very beneficial when they confront dangerous environmental risks. Also, they need printed visual materials like notes as well as video. In overall, the needs framework is able to greatly impact and contribute in construction
industry, in which it could be the guidelines and alternative reference for various parties like the course instructors, safety officer, and the Construction Industry and Development Board (CIDB). In fact, the environmental framework is able to increase the gained information and understanding in satisfying the needs of the foreign workers in the natural site besides advancing the instructors' delivery of the contents in training course and eliminating the language barrier in HSEIT. It is also potential to help the CIDB achieving the course objective and increase the safety performance in open environments as well as the safety awareness
among foreign workers. The findings of the study indicate that the training has played a role in decreased work-related injuries and changing attitudes to safety training.


In this paper, we consider the problem of stabilizing sufficiently smooth nonlinear time-invariant plants over a network whereby feedback is closed through a limited-bandwidth digital channel. Reliable packet switching networks are explicitly considered, for which both the time between consecutive accesses to each node (MATI) and the delay by which each data packet is received, processed, and fed back to the plant are unknown but bounded. For what concerns networked feedback control, the main difference between a packet-switching and a circuit-switching network with the same bandwidth is that packets can convey larger amounts of feedback data (measurements and control inputs) with much higher latency and jitter than a conventional communication channel. To compensate the unpredictably varying delays in packet switching networked control systems, we propose a model-based strategy that exploits the relatively high payload which can be associated to each packet. A bound on the tolerable delays and access frequency is explicitly provided.


The Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV) is a human gamma herpes virus that infects more than 90% of the human population worldwide. It is commonly known in the US as the cause of Infectious Mononucleosis, and around the world as the cause of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and malignant lymphomas such as non-Hodgkin lymphoma, endemic Burkett's lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma. Additionally, the EBV is used to immortalize cells to create cell lines for in-vitro studies. To what extent the EBV changes the cell machinery through gene regulation is poorly understood to date. There has been no study that examined the whole transcriptome perturbations between primary lymphocytes (nonImmortalized) compared to the EBV immortalized lymphoblastoid cells. To address this oversight, this study re-examined the whole transcriptome from two independent studies on different Affymetrix platforms. Our analyses identified 4,366 probe-sets corresponding to 1,598 genes that are have significantly different expression patterns between immortalized and primary B-cells. We further show significant enrichment of these genes into 168 different pathways. Analysis of these expression profiles and pathway enrichment helps to give insight into the mechanisms used by the EBV to maintain immortalization of infected B cells.


Crucible REX M4 is a special-purpose high-speed tool steel that is designed to provide high wear resistance in tools. Its high vanadium and carbon content provides superior resistance to cratering and wear in cold work punches, die inserts, and cutting applications involving high speed and light cuts. It is designed to give maximum performance while working with abrasive materials, exhibiting better wear resistance than Types M2 or M3. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and elasticity. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: TS-812. Producer or source: Crucible Industries LLC.


Manning difficulties and retention of skilled personnel is a timely issue in the British armed forces, and especially in the all‐volunteer Royal Navy. Allied with difficulties of matching personnel numbers and posts, significant skill mismatches can take a long time to eradicate, with obvious financial and operational penalties. In the light of these factors, a holistic understanding of the exit behaviour of naval personnel is vital for naval manpower planners. This paper analyses ratings' voluntary (quits) and involuntary (separation) exit patterns from the Royal Navy using an independent competing risks hazard regression analysis framework. The results show that both voluntary and involuntary exits are pro cyclical with respect to macroeconomic and labour market conditions for both male and female ratings. Male ratings are more likely to quit or separate due to a lack of promotion to higher ranks as compared with females. Male ratings are also more likely to quit as a result of a hectic operational tempo when compared with their female counterparts. Frequency of sea/shore deployments also seems to exert a significant effect with respect to quits and separation outcomes of both genders. In terms of marital status married males are less likely to quit compared with their unmarried male counterparts, whereas the opposite is the case for female ratings.


An optimum PI controller using harmony search optimization algorithm (HS) is utilized in this research for the single-phase bipolar SPWM inverter. The aim of this algorithm is to avoid the conventional trial and error procedure which is usually applied in finding the PI coefficients in order to obtain the desired performance. Then, the control algorithm of the inverter prototype is experimentally implemented using the eZdsp F28355 board along with the bipolar sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) to control the output voltage drop under different load conditions. The proposed overall inverter design and the control algorithm are modelled using MATLAB environment (Simulink/m-file Code). The mean absolute error (MAE) formula is used as an objective function with the HS algorithm in finding the adaptive values of  and parameters to minimize the error of the inverter output voltage. Based on the output results, the proposed voltage controller using HS algorithm based PI (HS-PI) showed that the inverter output performance is improved in terms of voltage amplitude, robustness, and convergence rate speed as compared to PSO algorithm based PI (PSO-PI). This is to say that the proposed controller provides a good dynamic responses in both cases; transient and steady-state. Finally, the experimental setup result of the inverter controller is verified to validate the simulation results.


Democracy and communication are inextricably linked, so much so that the existence or otherwise of certain forms of communications can be a measure of the limits to which democracy itself has developed or is held back. This article takes a brief world tour to examine the development of radio as a popular communications tool. It then compares different forms of media construction against a typology of democracy and it sets out the challenges which popular communications media face to survive in the context of globalization and digitalization. Radio worldwide remains the most pervasive of the electronic communications media, but a reflexive and communicative democracy needs to underpin this with supportive policy measures grounded in human rights and linked to further development of the freedom of information and expression.


Recent studies show increasing evidence for perseveration of soil organic matter (SOM) controlled by interactions with the soil matrix (i.e. mineral surfaces and aggregates) rather than chemical recalcitrance of the SOM. However, a consensus is still absent for potential controls of SOM chemical composition on SOM stabilization and persistence. Soil fatty acids (FAs), which form an important SOM component, can be used to investigate the effects of chemical properties on SOM stabilization because they are easily degraded by microorganisms but can be stabilized by the soil matrix against decomposition. Here we investigated whether inherent molecular properties of FAs control their stability in soils and their interactions with the soil matrix. Soil samples were collected from alpine grasslands of the Peruvian Andes (Andosols, Umbrisols and Phaeozems), as they are characterized by high carbon stocks, abundant aliphatic compounds. We applied pyrolysis - gas chromatography / mass spectrometry analyses assisted by tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH-pyrolysis-GC/MS) to determine the chemical composition of bulk SOM and FAs before and after a 76-day incubation experiment, comparing a situation with intact versus crushed soil aggregates. The results showed that the TMAH-pyrolysis-GC/MS yielded more than 60% FA-derived compounds in detected compounds, with a major contribution of free FAs. FA stability was controlled by the presence of double bonds (unsaturated vs. saturated FAs) and carbon chain length. Unsaturated FAs significantly (P<0.05) predicted soil organic carbon mineralization rates and were more depleted after the incubation compared to saturated FAs. The depletion of unsaturated FAs is likely explained by their easier degradation compared to saturated FAs. The easier degradation might be explained by the less extent of stabilization through association with mineral surfaces and/or chemical properties rather than stabilization through occlusion in aggregates. In terms of carbon chain length, FA stability decreased from short-chain to long-chain FAs. A possible explanation for this is that short-chain FAs received more protection by occlusion in aggregates compared to long-chain FAs. We also observed the microbial transformation of FAs during the incubation. Such microbial transformation has limited effects on the prediction of FA stability using double bonds and carbon chain length. However, we observed that soil types and horizons did influence the controls of double bonds and carbon chain length on FA stability . This suggests more studies are needed before generalizing the findings to other soils. Our results corroborate the hypothesis that the inherent properties of soil FAs control their interactions with the soil matrix and indirectly govern their stabilization and persistence in the Peruvian Andean soils under study.


With the coming into force of the Lisbon Treaty in 2009, the Early Warning System (EWS) of the subsidiarity reprimand was officially introduced. From then onwards national parliaments/chambers are allowed to issue Reasoned Opinions towards the European Commission when they suspect a subsidiarity breach within one of the legislative drafts of the European Union.
Ever since, it has to be noticed that first of all, the amount of Reasoned Opinions issued by Member States' national parliaments/chambers differed/s enormously among each other and even within the chambers of one single state. Second, the literature review indicates that structural factors may be a cause of this phenomenon. Thus the research question arose/arises: To which extend do different structural factors trigger the usage of Reasoned Opinions (ROs) within the Early Warning System?
The diverse behavioural patterns of the parliaments/chambers are tried to be explained by using the theory of Rational Choice Institutionalism, out of which, several hypotheses regarding the importance and responsibility of structural factors could be driven.
To test these hypotheses/structural factors, non-experimental quantitative research had to be conducted, applying bivariate analyses in order to be able to analyse the behavioural patterns of the 27 EU-Member Sates (40 chambers) regarding the 275 Reasoned Opinions issued so far.
The results will show that nearly all hypotheses can be relatively stable approved. Therefore the answer of the main research question is that structural factors do matter when it comes to the issuance of Reasoned Opinions. Nevertheless, they do so to a different extend. All in all, taking every structural factor into account, they matter from a weak to a medium size.
At the end, it has to be suggested to further examine the already established hypotheses using multivarative analyses, in order to be able to find out their correlation among each other and also to exclude spurious relationships.


the developmental quotient were found when various subgroups of infants were studied, such as those receiving more or less than half of their intake as maternal milk; but there remains the paradox that the mean developmental quotient of those infants who received banked human milk with a lesser contribution of maternal milk was lower than that of those fed banked human milk alone. Perhaps, therefore, the message about banked human milk and neurodevelopmental attainment is more complex than many acknowledge. I agree that the value of banked human milk in neonatal care warrants re-examination; the pendulum has swung too far in favour of low birthweight formulas. Comparative studies examining the relative incidence of infection34 and necrotising enterocolitis' in babies fed human milk or artificial formula suggest that differences in mortality may be apparent between the two feeding regimens. Unfortunately, the haphazard organisation ofmilk banks in the United Kingdom continues to prove an obstacle both to the national study of this issue and to the sophistication of processing techniques capable of controlling or changing the nutritional composition of human milk.6 A F WILLIAMS Department of Child Health, St George's Hospital Medical School, London SW17 ORE


surgery: the unusual form is not a detraction, although some readers will, no doubt, conclude that the degrees of magnitude of their own individual surgical problems are not so specific. Fifty contributors provide 38 articles: there are four articles on duodenal ulcer and its complications, three on polyps of the colon, three on repair of oesophageal hiatal hernia, two on the choice of operation for carcinoma of the head of the pancreas, two on the detection of common duct stones, two on the management of the common duct wound, two on the repair of common duct stricture, two on the management of the normal gall-bladder at sphincterotomy, two on the pathogenesis and management of pilonidal sinus, one on carcinoma of the breast, two on the management of small bowel obstruction, four on the management of arterial insufficiency of the lower extremities, two on thrombo-embolism, three on acute renal failure, two on pre-operative preparation of the colon, and two on prolapse of the rectum. It would be invidious to single out for praise any particular article: all are good, clearly written, and well edited. There should be a large demand for this book; though the inexperienced may find it causes some degree of mental indigestion, the well-trained critical surgeon should take this surgical banquet in his stride and ask for more. R. SHACKMAN.


AbstractTracheosephageal puncture is the one of the most favorable methods, and widely used by physicians for voice reconstruction after total laryngectomy. Intractable leakages from the tracheosephageal punctures are the most common complication, and management of these fistulas is still troublesome for the patients and physicians. Local surgical sutures, rotational flaps, injections are reported previously, but in this report the authors aimed to mention on a very simple method with silicone septal button. Insertion of a temporary silicone septal button may be well tolerated by patients and can help to manage this complication easily on exact indications. The authors discussed indications and long-term results of this method with different patients.


Purpose: Analysis of the shift from Employee Engagement to Employee Experience, its effect on Organization Efficiency, and impact on Employee Advocacy. It aims to reframe human resource practices that fit better in the modern workplace. Design/Methodology: Conduct Survey with early adopters or in the stage of adopting Employee Experience concept across different sectors and Systematic & A critical review of Literature on Evolution, Global trends & Impact of Employee Experience. Findings: Employee Experience leads to great customer experience, which creates loyal customers and stronger financial results, resulting in Employee Advocacy and Employer Branding. Practical Applications: Employee Experience is considered the most trending HR practice and has implications on the workplace's physical, technological & cultural environment. Originality Value: To retain the multigenerational workforce, we need to bring personalization in experiences across different stages of the employment cycle & employee-first approach rather than the traditional customer-first approach.


OBJECTIVE
To estimate the effect of care-delivery delays on survival among women with breast cancer.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A retrospective analysis of 854 women attending 11 hospitals from 2007-2009 was carried out. Kaplan-Meier estimators and a Cox proportional-risk model were employed.

RESULTS
A total of 10.5% of cases were diagnosed in stage I. 82% of sampled women delayed care for more than 67 days between noticing a symptom and initiating treatment. The median time from receipt of results of the mammography to biopsy was 31 days (IQR 14-56). Compared with those who were in quartile I (Q1), survival was lower among those in Q3 and Q4 (HR=1.68, 95%CI 0.94-3.00; HR=1.76, 95% CI 1.04-2.98, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS
To increase survival, it is suggested that the time between receipt of the mammography results and diagnostic biopsy be reduced.


We present a model where endogenous liquidity generates a feedback loop between secondary market liquidity and firms' financing decisions in primary markets. The model features two key frictions: a costly state verification problem in primary markets, and search frictions in over-the-counter secondary markets. Our concept of liquidity depends endogenously on illiquid assets put up for sale relative to the resources available for buying those assets in the secondary market. Liquidity determines the liquidity premium, which affects issuance in the primary market, and this effect feeds back into secondary market liquidity by changing the composition of investors' portfolios. We show that the privately optimal allocations are inefficient because investors and firms fail to internalize how their behavior affects secondary market liquidity. These inefficiencies are established analytically through a set of wedge expressions for key efficiency margins. Our analysis provides a rationale for the effect of quantitative easing on secondary and primary capital markets and the real economy.


Structural phase transitions in natrolite have been investigated as a function of pressure and different hydrostatic media using micro-Raman scattering and synchrotron infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Natrolite undergoes two reversible phase transitions at 0.86 and 1.53 GPa under pure water pressure medium. These phase transitions are characterized by the changes in the vibrational frequencies of four- and eight-membered rings related to the variations in the bridging T-O-T angles and the geometry of the elliptical eight-ring channels under pressure. Concomitant to the changes in the framework vibrational modes, the number of the O-H stretching vibrational modes of natrolite changes as a result of the rearrangements of the hydrogen bonds in the channels caused by a successive increase in the hydration level under hydrostatic pressure. Similar phase transitions were also observed at relatively higher pressures (1.13 and 1.59 GPa) under alcohol-water pressure medium. Furthermore, no phase transition was found up to 2.52 GPa if a lower volume ratio of the alcohol-water to natrolite was employed. This indicates that the water content in the pressure media plays a crucial role in triggering the pressure-induced phase transitions in natrolite. In addition, the average of the mode Grueneisen parameters is calculated to be about 0.6, whilemore » the thermodynamic Grueneisen parameter is found to be 1.33. This might be attributed to the contrast in the rigidity between the TO{sub 4} tetrahedral primary building units and other flexible secondary building units in the natrolite framework upon compression and subsequent water insertion.« less


After the Orange Revolution, political analysts linked the stagnation of democratisation processes in many parts of the world to non-democratic regional powers, first among them Russia and China. But so far, no attempt has been made either to theorise the causal mechanisms gearing such non-democratic exogenous regime influences, or to compare Russian and Chinese policies. We develop the concept of autocracy promotion in which we distinguish external policies that directly seek to restrict democratic rights in another country from policies that indirectly support authoritarian stability by enhancing the socio-economic performance of non-democratic leadership. Based on this distinction, we conduct an empirical review of Russian and Chinese policies respectively. We find that Russian policymakers tend more towards a direct approach to autocracy promotion, while the Chinese approach is more indirect.


The study is concerned with the emotional intelligence in the surveyed organizations and its impact on them as well as on its employees. The researcher collected data and information from primary and secondary sources through preparing a questionnaire and determining its four axes: self-awareness, self-control, emotional balance and adopting the democratic style at work and distributing it to managers and their assistants in the banks mentioned in the study population. The study reached to the following results: 1. The study found that there is a relationship between self-awareness (self-realization) and the effectiveness of leadership in decision-making, where leaders exceed all their problems in the past, be able to determine the feelings of others toward them, show enthusiasm in dealing with employees, enjoy making friends with them, and deal objectively with all the issues in the organization. 2. The study found that there is a relationship between self-control and the effectiveness of leadership in decision-making, where leaders are open to employees in a codified method to keep calm, feel scared of talking in meetings, do not feel a sense of anger at criticizing any of the employees, involve their emotions and feelings when discussing with any employee, show their anger during discussing with any employee, make others feel they are liked during discussion and finally listen well and not interrupting others. 3 - The study found that there is a relationship between the emotional balance and the effectiveness of leadership in decision-making, where leaders held themselves accountable after each discussion, sit in quiet and contemplative sessions after work, are able to solve problems quietly, and are characterized with flexibility in dealing with their problems. 4. The study found that there is a relationship between adopting the democratic style and the effectiveness of leadership in decision-making, where leaders do not allow others to participate in the traditional decisions, consult some employees when making decisions, involve employees in taking vital decisions, collect data and information before making decisions, delegate some employees with decision making, hold employees responsible for the wrong decision, and employ emotions when trying to convince others with a certain decision. The study recommended that there should be programs to develop the leadership ability to strengthen the sense of the self-awareness of managers and other employees in the field of decision-making. Furthermore, Leaders should exceed all their previous events that may adversely affect the work of the organization not allowing them to affect them negatively when making decisions or dealing with employees. The study also calls for leaders and managers to control themselves while dealing with employees and not allowing anger at work to control them leading to hasty decisions resulting from the impact of anger or instability. They also should choose the proper and convenient time to study the alternatives and select the appropriate alternative to achieve the goals and objectives of both the organization and employees far from all the negative attractions. The study called for employees in management and decision-making in the surveyed organizations to hold quiet sessions after work to review their work and relationships arising from working with employees; self-accountability is one of the best means that verifies and activates the emotional intelligence among employees in the organization, especially the decisions issued and the problems they face as well as their review for the proposed solutions. The study recommended organizations to prepare training programs to develop the emotional intelligence of all employees either managers or subordinates of the surveyed organizations and make the emotional intelligence a part of the culture of the organization to reach to its dimensions so as managers can be role models for other employees. It also recommended to adopt the democratic style in management to remove the physical and moral barriers between managers and other employees, involve employees in decision-making and achieve their needs and desires and finally increase the social gatherings among all employees outside work, such as holding concerts, seminars and trips so as employees can get closer to each other in an environment of love and contentment. The study also calls for researchers to pay greater attention to the emotional intelligence due to its significant role in raising the morale of employees and achieve satisfaction and goals of the organization.


In this paper, the experimental results on the structural behaviors of the pultruded fiber reinforced plastic (PFRP) cantilevered channel beams under tip point load are presented. The dimensions of the beam specimens are 76 22 6, 102 29 6 and 152 43 10 mm. The span-to-depth ratios of the specimens are in the range of 10 to 46. A total of 36 specimens were tested to investigate the effect of unbraced length of the beam on the behavior of lateral-torsional buckling and buckling load. Then, the obtained buckling loads were compared to the critical buckling loads calculated by using the modified classical beam theory. From the tests, it was found that the beams have linear elastic responses up to 90-95% of their buckling loads. The mode of failure of the specimens is in the form of lateral-torsional buckling. The modified Timoshenko and Gere's equation unsatisfactorily predicts the critical buckling loads of the beams. Finally, by using a curve fitting, a modification factor was proposed, and the obtained test results and those calculated by the proposed modified equation are in good agreement.


Abstract Objective: Maternal obesity is associated with obesity and metabolic disorders in offspring. However, there remains a paucity of data on strategies to reverse the effects of maternal obesity on maternal and offspring health. With maternal undernutrition, taurine supplementation improves outcomes in offspring mediated in part via improved glucose–insulin homeostasis. The efficacy of taurine supplementation in the setting of maternal obesity on health and well-being of offspring is unknown. We examined the effects of taurine supplementation on outcomes related to growth and metabolism in offspring in a rat model of maternal obesity. Design: Wistar rats were randomised to: 1) control diet during pregnancy and lactation (CON); 2) CON with 1.5% taurine in drinking water (CT); 3) maternal obesogenic diet (MO); or 4) MO with taurine (MOT). Offspring were weaned onto the control diet for the remainder of the study. Results: At day 150, offspring body weights and adipose tissue weights were increased in MO groups compared to CON. Adipose tissue weights were reduced in MOT versus MO males but not females. Plasma fasting leptin and insulin were increased in MO offspring groups but were not altered by maternal taurine supplementation. Plasma homocysteine concentrations were reduced in all maternal taurine-supplemented offspring groups. There were significant interactions across maternal diet, taurine supplementation and sex for response to an oral glucose tolerance test , a high-fat dietary preference test and pubertal onset in offspring. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that maternal taurine supplementation can partially ameliorate adverse developmental programming effects in offspring in a sex-specific manner.


The porous ceramic support was prepared from cordierite by adjusting the phase composition, grain size of aggregate, additions of pore-forming material and binder. The porous ceramic support had excellent chemical stability and relative high strength with a porosity of 48%and pore size of 128μm. Factors that affected the properties of the support material were analyzed. The pore size of the porous ceramic support was directly proportional to the grain size of the aggregate around firing temperature. The strength of the support material increases with a rise in amount of the binder and firing temperature. The porosity of the support material increases while the strength decreases with a rise in amount of the pore-forming agent.


Willingness to communicate in a second language (L2 WTC) has become an important focus of inquiry in applied linguistics over the last decade or so. However, little is currently understood about the practical tasks of producing communicatively competent L2 users in Chinese higher education, an aim which has been fully recognized by the English language teaching (ELT) sector in China. In order to fill this gap, this research study was conducted in one of the universities in mid-east China over a period of one academic term with the aim to produce an empirically-supported fine-grained portrait of Chinese EFL learners' L2 WTC in actual communication actions. Informed by complexity theory and adopting a qualitative multi-case study research design, this research focused on five first-year postgraduate student participants and investigated their L2 WTC experiences in communicative actions through multiple sources of data, including individual life story interviews, ethnographic classroom observations followed by stimulated recall interviews, and photo-based interviews. The findings confirm L2 WTC as a multidimensional and complex construct, and further demonstrated that the features and trajectories of individuals' L2 WTC are interrelated, dynamic and largely unpredictable. This study has also identified a construct that seems central to understand L2 WTC: socially constructed future self-guides. The study has shown that our understanding of students' actual L2 engagement offers critical pointers for practical interventions for encouraging and supporting language learners' development of a healthy sense of self with regards to L2 learning and, consequently, of their L2 WTC.


This paper makes the case for the systematic appraisal of public sector projects using shadow prices as the signals of social scarcities. In so doing, it attempts to redress the balance between estimating inputs and outputs, central though that task is, and valuing them correctly. The account of how to estimate shadow prices for this purpose pays particular attention to the social discount rate and how to treat uncertainty at both the project and economy-wide levels. There follows an illustration of the ideas and apparatus in practice using an evaluation of India's large rural roads programme (PMGSY) in connection with a World Bank loan. A discussion of the more general uses of shadow prices in evaluating decisions in the public sector is complemented by a series of proposals for the implementation of systematic procedures for project appraisal in government and international donors.


When the venipuncture is difficult, should the blood routine tests be performed on capillary blood? Are there any differences in blood routine tests between capillary blood and venous blood? Many studies have been made of infants before our study, but there are few studies of adults. For the purposes of this study, we compared blood routine tests in capillary blood with those of venous blood in adults. Capillary blood and venous blood were drawn at the same time from 50 adults to estimate the values of blood routine tests. Specifically, blood specimens were drawn to estimate RBC, WBC, Hb, Hct, MCV, MCH and MCHC values by coulter counter model S7, while platelet value was estimated by ULTRA FLO 100. The results are presented follows: (1) The differences are non-significant in RBC, WBC, Hb and MCH between the venous blood [453.74 +/- 85.4) x 10(4)/cmm, 8290 +/- 4074/cmm 13.53 +/- 2.42 (gm%), 30.23 +/- 2.55 (pg] and the capillary blood [463.14 +/- 94.57) x 10(4)/cm 8182 +/- 4268/cm, 13.82 +/- 2.61 (gm%), 30.12 +/- 2.21 (pg]. p greater than 0.05. (2) The values of the Hct and MCV in capillary blood (44.02 +/- 7.78 (%), 95.34 +/- 7.33 (fl] are significantly higher than those of venous blood (40.64 +/- 6.83 (%), 89.94 +/- 6.94 (fl]. p less than 0.05. (3) The values of the platelet and MCHC in venous blood (29.29 +/- 10.5) x 10(4)/cmm, 33.17 +/- 1.09 (%] are significantly higher than those of capillary blood (18.44 +/- 8.1) x 10(4)/cmm, 31.38 +/- 1.01 (%]. p less than 0.05.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)


OBJECTIVES
To describe the types and causes of medication discrepancies in the electronic medical record identified by pharmacist medication reconciliation during outpatient medical visits and to identify patient characteristics associated with the presence of discrepancies.

DESIGN
Observational case series study.

SETTING
Indigent primary care clinic in Pittsburgh, PA, from April 2009 to May 2010.

PATIENTS
219 adults presenting for follow-up medical visits and self-reporting medication use.

INTERVENTION
Medication reconciliation as part of patient interview and concurrent chart review.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Frequency, types, and reasons for medication discrepancies and demographic variables, patient knowledge, and adherence.

RESULTS
Of 219 patients interviewed, 162 (74%) had at least one discrepancy. The most common type of discrepancy was an incorrect medication documented on the chart. The most common reasons included over-the-counter (OTC) use of medications and patients not reporting use of medications. The presence of one or more medication discrepancies was associated with the use of three or more medications. Patient factors such as gender, age, and race were not associated with discrepancies. Patients able to recall the strength for more than 75% of their medications had fewer discrepancies, while knowledge of the medication name, indication, or regimen had no association with discrepancies.

CONCLUSION
Pharmacists play a critical role in identifying discrepancies between charted medication lists and self-reported medication use, independent of adherence. Inaccuracies in charted medications are frequent and often are related to use of OTC therapies and lack of communication and documentation during physician office visits. Knowledge of patient-related variables and other reasons for discrepancies may be useful in identifying patients at greatest risk for discrepancies and interventions to prevent and resolve them.


ALHAJI is a religious title used throughout Nigeria and elsewhere to describe persons who have completed the pilgrimage to Mecca.' According to Islamic theology both the pilgrimage and the title of alhaji are purely religious phenomena. The hajj, as the Fifth pillar of Islam, is the religious duty of every adult Muslim and its fulfillment results in a higher moral standing within the Islamic community. Despite Islamic interpretations of the hajj, a number of authors have suggested that the pilgrimage is motivated by a variety of religious, social, economic and political factors (Hickey 1979). Further, they note that throughout the world there are numerous, even contradictory, understandings about the alhaji role. Interestingly, in the literature on Sub-Saharan African societies, the religious explanations for the hajj are de-emphasized. The majority of authors suggest that among African societies pilgrimages are made


With the wave of digitalisation, institutions across countries are pushing for the creation of open data and their governance. FAIR Data Principles have initiated the publishing of open research data to the key stakeholders and practitioners in the lowand middle-income countries to meet their developmental goals through practical usage in problem-solving. Open Data, which is part of the Open Science movement, has transformed the regime structure at a transnational level for the governance of critical issues surrounding water and energy. This paper provides a baseline survey to look into the various open data initiatives in the areas of water and clean energy across countries in general and India in particular. Given the multifaceted challenges around the water-energy nexus existing in India, it is critical to identifying the open data initiatives and studying their governance at the country level. Since governance requires the participation of various institutions and multiple stakeholders, the research aims at highlighting the various initiatives such as participation of institutions and the application of Creative Commons (CC) licensing terms in the open data governance for clean energy and water sectors in India.


The Central Surgical Association was organized 35 years ago in Michigan. The list of founding members is composed of men who had the education of the surgeon as their chief concern. One cannot help but be impressed with names such as Roy McClure, Frederick Coller, Dallas Phemister, Fraser Gurd, and Henry Ransom, to name just a few. These men were leaders in surgical education in 1940 and they helped form the backbone of the central North American residency training programs. Their leadership was instrumental in setting up standards and methods of education by which many of us were trained. In view of our Association's heritage and the turmoil of our time, it seems appropriate to review the problems and goals of surgical education today. There are at least 340 approved general surgery training programs in the United States today. These 430 programs graduated 1,580 trainees last year. They had the


Four halogen-bonded arrangements of (1,2,2-triiodovinyl)benzene involving geminal and/or vicinal iodine atoms were studied both by X-ray diffraction and density functional theory (DFT). Crystallographic data show weaker XB-type interactions for the iodine atom geminal to the phenyl ring, which is corroborated by DFT-optimized structures of 1 : 1, 1 : 2 and 1 : 3 (1,2,2-triiodovinyl)benzene/pyridine complexes. In addition, a theoretical model reflects an interplay existing between these conjugated and multi-connected sites, highlighting the weakening of the halogen bonds when the number of partners is increased.


X iv :m at h/ 00 07 18 1v 1 [ m at h. A G ] 2 8 Ju l 2 00 0 Abstract. We construct a birational invariant for certain algebraic group actions. We use this invariant to classify linear representations of finite abelian groups up to birational equivalence, thus answering, in a special case, a question of E. B. Vinberg and giving a family of counterexamples to a related conjecture of P. I. Katsylo. We also give a new proof of a theorem of M. Lorenz on birational equivalence of quantum tori (in a slightly expanded form) by applying our invariant in the setting of PGLn-varieties.


An experiment is performed aiming at the realization of a two component quantum gas with ytterbium and rubidium atoms. The combination of a diamagnetic rare earth (Yb) and a paramagnetic alkali metal (Rb) will enable us to manipulate the two species independently. Furthermore, studies of several boson/boson mixtures as well as fermion/boson mixtures are possible, since seven stable isotopes of ytterbium exist. So far, trapping of the six most abundant ytterbium isotopes (4 different bosons and 2 fermions) in a magneto-optical trap loaded from an increasing-field Zeeman slower has achieved. The loading rate of the ytterbium slower was on the order of 107 atoms per second and the number of atoms in the trap was on the order of 107 atoms. The lifetime of the MOT is on the order of several hundred milliseconds limited by losses into metastable states. First results on a double-species magneto-optical trap of /sup 87/Rb and /sup 174/Yb are obtained.


The first catalytic asymmetric total synthesis of mycocerosic acid was achieved via the application of iterative enantioselective 1,4-addition reactions and allows for the efficient construction of 1,3-polymethyl arrays with full stereocontrol; further exemplified by the synthesis of tetramethyl-decanoic acid, a component of the preen-gland wax of the graylag goose, Anser anser.


Objective The study aim was to assess the cumulative burden of polymorphisms located within four genetic loci previously associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among outpatients at risk for PTSD. Methods Diagnostic interviews were completed and DNA samples collected among 412 pain patients to determine if FKBP5 (rs9470080), COMT (rs4680), CHRNA5 (rs16969968), and CRHR1 (rs110402) single nucleotide polymorphisms were cumulatively associated with increased risk for PTSD. Results In bivariate analyses, it was found that a count of specific PTSD risk alleles located within FKBP5, COMT, CHRNA5, and CRHR1 genetic loci (allele range = 0–6, mean count = 2.92, standard deviation = 1.36) was associated with lifetime (t [409] = 3.430, P = 0.001) and early onset PTSD (t [409] = 4.239, P = 0.000028). In logistic regression, controlling for demographic factors, personality traits, and trauma exposures, this risk allele count remained associated with both lifetime (odds ratio = 1.49, P = 0.00158) and early onset PTSD (odds ratio = 2.36, P = 0.000093). Interaction effects were also detected, whereby individuals with higher risk allele counts and higher trauma exposures had an increased risk of lifetime PTSD (allele count × high trauma, P = 0.026) and early onset PTSD (allele count × high trauma, P = 0.016) in these logistic regressions. Those with no or few risk alleles appeared resilient to PTSD, regardless of exposure history. Conclusion A cumulative risk allele count involving four single nucleotide polymorphisms located within the FKBP5, COMT, CHRNA5, and CRHR1 genes are associated with PTSD. Level of trauma exposure interacts with risk allele count, such that PTSD is increased in those with higher risk allele counts and higher trauma exposures. Since the single nucleotide polymorphisms studied encompass stress circuitry and addiction biology, these findings may have implications for neuropsychiatric research and treatment.


The uncertain future of the Conservation Reserve Program has created substantial interest for agricultural producers, rural businesses, community leaders, sportsmen, and wildlife organizations. Many regions of the upper Great Plains have participated heavily in the CRP as evidenced by program acreage reaching land enrollment limits; however, current enrollment and re-enrollment criterion are expected to substantially reduce CRP acreage in many parts of the Great Plains. The divergence of interests between pursing post-CRP lands for agricultural production versus retaining the wildlife habitat and wildlife populations supported on CRP lands presents land owners and agricultural producers with important land management decisions over the next several years. This research examines the regional economic implications of post-CRP land use among traditional agricultural uses, wildlife production, and multiple-use practices. Of particular interest is whether multiple-use management on post-CRP lands can produce similar returns to landowners and producers as traditional land uses, and determine the effects of multiple-use management on post-CRP lands on regional economic output. A multiple-use system implemented on post-CRP lands based primarily on beef grazing while producing corn and barley for forage and retaining a portion of acreage in dedicated wildlife habitat would not compete economically with other conventional land uses. The net change in gross receipts within the regional economy from agricultural uses of post-CRP lands exceeded lost recreational expenditures in all scenarios evaluated.


PURPOSE
Calculation of the average glandular dose for mammography on a full-field digital mammography system using a selenium flat-panel detector.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Mammographic examinations were carried out using the Selenia digital mammographic system from Lorad/Hologic. 1992 mammographies of 500 patients in cranio-caudal and medio-lateral projections were evaluated. Based on the recorded exposure conditions (tube voltage, tube loading, filtration, compressed breast thickness), the entrance surface air kerma was calculated by multiplying the tube loading by the measured tube output and was corrected according to the inverse square law. The average glandular dose was determined for each exposure by multiplying the entrance surface air kerma value by the relevant conversion factor for a breast composition of 50 % adipose tissue and 50 % glandular tissue by weight.

RESULTS
The mean values for patient age and compressed breast thickness were 61 years and 58 mm, respectively. The average glandular dose was 1.57 mGy for a single view (1.46 mGy for cranio-caudal view images and 1.68 mGy for medio-lateral view images).

CONCLUSION
Full-field digital mammography with a selenium flat-panel detector requires a dose similar to that of units with a flat-panel detector based on amorphous silicon and a dose approximately 20 % lower than that of conventional screen/film mammography.


A set of 98 nanoporous framework material (NFM) structures was investigated by classical Grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations for low-pressure O2 adsorption properties (Henry's constant and isosteric heat of adsorption). The set of materials includes those that have shown high O2 uptake experimentally as well as a subset of more than 2000 structures previously screened for noble-gas uptake. While use of the general force field UFF is fruitful for noble-gas adsorption studies, its use is shown to be limited for the case of O2 adsorption-one distinct limitation is a lack of sufficient O2 -metal interactions to be able to describe O2 interaction with open metal sites. Nonetheless, those structures without open metal sites that have very small pores (<2.5 Å) show increased O2 /N2 selectivity. Additionally, O2 /N2 mixture simulations show that in some cases, H2 O or N2 can hinder O2 uptake for NFMs with small pores due to competitive adsorption.


Cultured osteoblasts with mineralized matrix (regenerative cultured bone; RCB) have been used for patients having osseous defects. The RCB can be fabricated on various ceramic substrata using patient's mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) at our cell processing center (CPC). Since we have to transport the RCB for hospitals outside of our town, the RCB should maintain the cell viability for a long time. To determine a suitable condition for transportation of the RCB, stability of the RCB was analyzed by biochemical assays. Even outside CO2 incubator, the RCB kept high level of viability until 24 hours at 25°C and also showed low level of cytotoxicity for 24 hours at 37°C and 25°C. On the other hand, the RCB incubated for 24 hours at 4°C outside CO2 incubator resulted in extremely low level of viability with obvious cytotoxicity. These data indicated that stability of the RCB can be maintained for 24 hours at 37°C and 25°C, but not at 4°C. Therefore, the RCB derived from patient's MSCs can be transported and utilized for the patients at hospitals far away from the CPC.


The importance of expertise for effective video search is not well understood. To address this problem we investigate the role of expertise in video search. In our evaluation participants were given a number of video search topics and asked to find relevant videos using two different interfaces. The first interface required users to use background knowledge to find relevant videos and the second allowed users to use video search tools to solve the task in hand. Three groups of users with varying search expertise carried out video search tasks, with the intention that the behaviour and success of the different user groups could be examined and compared. It was found that the behaviour of novice users begins to mirror that of the expert users as they gain more background knowledge. However, it was also found that the novice perceptions, even with additional background knowledge, of the tools, collection and performance do not always match that of the expert users. A more complete theory-led understanding of these results would assist workers in a whole range of video-related professions as well as normal users of the Web.


The result of the initiatives of NLM, is based on the creation of a heritage of mankind and for mankind, that through the interaction with information and knowledge, nations can represent their own lessons learned and good practices on issues relating to public health. Its mission is to share this information with the world and also receive rewards, recognition especially in the case of institutions where the level of expertise in a subject, makes reference sources and major producers scientists.
It is important to analyze and disseminate strategic tools that has used this strong institution with the support of more than 40 years behind them and publicly display the progress that has been achieved not so much through these initiatives, but all which has resulted through his leadership and the institutions in Latin America have adopted endorsed these innovative forms of access to information.
In this research, and document and describe how it interacts BIREME over 500 institutions across 23 countries, the process will be highlighted how some countries have successfully legislate for both the Virtual Health Library and SciELO can be considered as equity and provide more political support, budget item and a high level of human commitment to ensure its sustainability.


40Ar/39Ar dating of hornblende, muscovite, and orthoclase from southeastern Quebec provides new constraints on the timing, grade, and regional extent of Taconian and Acadian metamorphism in the Canadian Appalachians. Muscovite ages reveal that the Taconic orogeny occurred at ca. 463 Ma throughout the region. Lack of reset amphibole indicates that the metamorphic grade did not exceed greenschist facies. Acadian metamorphism, with a peak of <350 °C, is recorded by an orthoclase cooling age of 377 ± 4 Ma. This later metamorphism partially reset finer-grained muscovite toward the Vermont border. The calculated 300–340 °C closure temperature of orthoclase indicates that this age currently provides the closest estimate of the timing of peak Acadian metamorphism north of New England. Despite the lower grade of Taconian and Acadian metamorphism in Quebec compared to New England, peak temperatures appear to have been achieved synchronously. In addition, investigation of the timing of pre-Taconic decoupling of the Quebec oceanic fragments suggests a protracted obduction history. Obduction may have displaced slivers of both the subducting and overthrusting oceanic plates.


This paper is an analysis of trajectors (i.e. located entities) in language about fixed durations of TIME. More specifically, trajectors in instances including the English prepositions in or on, or their Swedish equivalents i or pa, are analyzed. On the structure of the inverse Moving Observer/Moving Time metaphors (Lakoff & Johnson 1999) instances such as these should be construed relative to a Moving Observer, and trajectors people that move relative to fixed durations of TIME (as reflected in e.g. when we come to launching the 4th edition in early 1990). My analysis, however, suggests that our understanding of TIME through SPACE is more nuanced than suggested by these metaphors. In this specific context, trajectors are not typically people in motion, but rather events or processes located in, or on, unit of time landmarks. My study emphasizes the need to test the systematicity of the mappings proposed by Conceptual Metaphor Theory.


Combining in-situ tensile tests with detailed observations of fracture surfaces of a two-phase TiAl alloy, the fracture process and fracture mechanisms of TiAl alloys are investigated. The results reveal that Cracks prefer to initiate and propagate along lamellar interfaces, which are the weakest link in the near fully lamellar microstructure. The interlamellar strength calculated is less than the translamellar strength. The tensile stress is the driving force for crack initiation and propagation. In specimens with a slit notch, most cracks are initiated directly from the notch root and extended along lamellar interfaces. The main crack can be stopped or deflected into a delamination mode by a barrier grain with a lamellar interface orientation deviated from the direction of crack propagation. In this case, new cracks are nucleated along lamellar interfaces of grains with favorable orientation ahead the barrier grain. The main crack and a new crack are then linked by the translamellar cleavage fracture of the barrier grain with increasing applied load. In order to extend the main crack, further increases of the applied load are needed to move the high stress region into the ligament until final fracture. The process of a new crack nucleation with a bridging ligament formation decreases the crack propagation resistance rather than increases it.


The important factor to consider for successful ceramics composites development is the need of matching the whiskers and matrix characteristics, taking into account the chemical compatibility of the sintering aids utilized. The purpose of this work was to analyze and compare use of rare earth concentrate (CTR) and yttrium oxide, as sintering aids, and its influence in the densification and physical/mechanical properties of hot pressed and sintered Si3N4-SiC(w). The CTR powder materials present high yttrium oxide percentage and its production is cheaper than the additives usually used in ceramic materials, such as Y2O3. For physical and mechanical properties evaluation, specific mass, crystalline phases, micrographs analysis, microhardness and fracture toughness were measured, showing similar results between the two sintering aids. Therefore, this study shows the possibility of obtaining low processing cost products with the use of rare earth concentrate. Meanwhile, more characterization steps are necessary for analyzing its behavior at elevated temperatures.


The role of scripts as a job design tool, and the functional and dysfunctional impacts of mindlessness that can result from the habitual and repetitive performance of scripts is examined from a service perspective. Five dimensions of scripts are then proposed: script complexity – the degree to which scripts require cognition during their performance; script intensity – the degree to which the script permits variation and adlibbing in its performance; number of scripts – an absolute measure of the number of scripts that must be learned to perform the job; percentage of time in script – the percentage of work time spent in scripted behaviour; and percentage of scripted duties – the percentage of a worker′s job duties or tasks that are scripted. These dimensions are then examined in the context of the degree of customer‐induced uncertainty experienced by service organisations. Finally, a model is proposed that relates the five script dimensions to high, medium, and low levels of customer‐induced uncertainty.


The key features for developing on Microsofts eagerly anticipated Windows 8 operating system are unveiled in this fast-paced 80-pageprimer. Windows 8 contains the revolutionary Metro application framework for building dynamic and responsive touch-enabled applications that target both desktops and mobile devices. With the official release of Windows 8 looming ever closer, experienced author Adam Freeman invites you to take a crash course in Metro development. Using XAML and C#, he ensures you understand the changes that are being made to Windows development practices and puts you on the right course to creating innovative and elegant applications for this latest evolution of the worlds most successful operating system. What youll learn Create and configure Metro applications Implement a touch-enabled user interface Store data and application state using the Metro persistence model Access remote data using Metro networking Package and deploy your Metro application to the app store Who this book is for This book is for early-adopters of the Windows 8 operating system working with the Consumer Preview in order to be ahead of the curve in understanding the new ways of working that the operating system introduces.


One of the most important prognostic markers to assess proliferation activity of breast tumors is estimating the number of mitotic figures in H&E stained tissue. We propose the use of a recently published convolutional neural network architecture, Wide Residual Networks, for mitosis detection in breast histology images. The model is trained to classify each pixel of on an image using as context a patch centered on the pixel. We apply post-processing on the network output in order to filter out noise and select true mitosis. Finally, we combine the output of several networks using majority vote. Our approach ranked 2nd in the MICCAI TUPAC 2016 competition for mitosis detection, outperforming most other contestants by a significant margin.


Abstract In the present study, an additional combination of end‐points was applied on the natural populations of the common plantain, previously estimated using morphometric assays. Here, besides measuring developmental instability (DI), by determining the level of fluctuating asymmetry (FA) and the total amount of phenotypic variability (PV), we tried to distinguish the three natural populations under contrasting environmental conditions using the morphological data. Results obtained using both FA indices were the same; higher asymmetry levels in the reference than in the polluted environments were detected for leaf width, vein distances within a leaf and lobe length. The one‐way analysis of variance results revealed that there were significant differences in PV values among populations analysed for each character. When all leaf traits were considered together, the PV median value was significantly higher in Crni Lug leaves compared with leaves from other sites. The multivariate analysis of variance results revealed the significant effect of environment on both FA4 and PV values. The component scores of first factor (PC1) were significantly different between the Karaburma and Crni Lug populations. Besides, component scores of both PC1 and PC2 were significantly different between the Zemun and Crni Lug samples. The stepwise discriminant functional analysis results allowed us to identify a set of four variables, with a sufficient discriminating ability (75%).


Baris was employed by the Oman Aluminium Factory LLC. The agreed working hours in the employment contract were 40 hours per week; whereas the statutory maximum working hours under the Omani Labour Law is 45 hours per week. Baris performed extra 10 hours as overtime work. The employer calculated the overtime hours based on the statutory maximum working hours and therefore deducting 5 hours from the extra hours Baris has performed. Is the employer entitled to do so?Moreover, Baris worked 50 hours a week during a period of 48 weeks. He claimed payment for overtime premium for the entire 48 weeks. However, the employer offered him payment for a period of 20 weeks only. The employer claimed that Baris has obtained a written approval for the extra hours for a period of 20 weeks not 48 weeks, notwithstanding of the fact that Baris has worked the extra hours during the whole 48 weeks. This issue raises the question of under what conditions the overtime work is allowed according to the Omani Labour Law and whether a prior approval by the employer constitutes a condition for compensating overtime work.The final issue will be discussed in this paper, is to what extent can the employer force the employee to perform overtime, in particular when the contractual working hours are less than the maximum statutory working hours. On the other hand, is it possible to require the employee to perform overtime work during the whole period of the employment contract? Does the Omani Labour Law permit this practice and if so, to what extent does this practice affect the health and safety of the employee? Keywords : Overtime (definition, conditions, premium), compulsory work, health and safety.


The emergency planning of areas subjected to volcanic risk requires the evaluation of impact induced on different element exposed (people, buildings, infrastructures, economy, etc.) by different volcanic phenomena (precursor earthquakes, ash fall, pyroclastic flows, lahars, tsunami, ballistics, landslides, etc.). In this paper, the authors describe the methodology developed at PLINIVS Study Centre (University of Naples Federico II, Italy), Centre of Competence of the Italian Civil Protection, in the framework of volcanic risk concerning the Campania Region volcanoes. The approach is based on the probabilistic analyses of risk and impact scenarios. It allows quantifying the potential losses consequent to possible volcanic eruptions. The results are strongly dependent on the hypothesis assumed and on the parameters used as inputs, providing impact scenarios with a probabilistic estimation and uncertainty treatment. The results constitute an useful tool for emergency planners and decision makers in the evaluation of the resources needed to improve the preparedness measures and to implement at technically feasible and cost-effective mitigation measures on buildings and infrastructure. The scope is to reduce the expected damage, such as the seismic retrofitting of vulnerable buildings along the escape routes identified in the evacuation plan, which might fail due to the presence of debris from collapsed buildings which can affect the practicability of roads. The paper is focussed on the relevant applications performed by PLINIVS simulation model for the preparation and updating of the emergency plan for Vesuvius and Campi Flegrei areas.


Digital game-based learning (DGBL) can be regarded as a promising teaching pedagogy to prepare students for challenges of the 21st century. However, the incorporation of digital games into K-12 curricula remains limited. Research suggests that a comprehensive understanding of barriers and motivational factors that teachers face when implementing DGBL is needed to ensure that teachers can receive the support required. To delineate suggestions for tailored curricula on game-based pedagogy in teacher education programs, we conducted a study to gain insight into in-service teachers' perception of DGBL in relation to their previous experience in teaching with DGBL. To achieve our goal, we examined the factors that impede and promote the implementation of DGBL among in-service teachers who are presently pursuing master's level education programs, having in mind that this group of teachers is different from pre-service teachers. Data was collected using an online survey with open- and closed-ended questions. The sample consisted of in-service teachers (n=37) who were enrolled in a  master's course in math education. The data analysis conducted was of a qualitative nature. One significant finding derived from this study is that the level of pedagogical experience in utilizing games as a teaching tool appears to be a crucial factor in understanding the inclination of in-service teachers towards game-based pedagogy. Pedagogical factors were mentioned by teachers at all stages of experience with DGBL, and differences were observed between teachers at different stages. For instance, in-service teachers with experience with DGBL (intermediate and advanced stages) were concerned about being able to maintain focus on the math concepts, the need to adapt the game lesson to students, and the ways to evaluate student learning less experienced teachers were essentially concerned about ways to control the classroom during DGBL and whether the pupils would receive adequate practice in this learning mode. Differences were also noted for other factors between teachers at different stages. Advanced stage teachers did have concerns about game appropriateness for the intended learning; teachers with less experience were concerned about the lack of games (technical factors). Dealing with an existing curriculum and high workload were common aspects for teachers with no or some experience but only teachers with some experience mentioned obstacles related to school organization (structural factors). Teachers with few and some experience referred to the lack of knowledge and competence (personal factors) and that pupils would not take the lessons with games seriously (social factors). This research supports DGBL- practice (i) by adding new knowledge on the factors that can support or constrain the integration of DGBL and its implications for the development of curricula on game-based pedagogy; (ii) by providing suggestions to design and implement meaningful curricula on digital game-based pedagogy for teaching education and training programs.


Design and experimental validation stages of an independent front suspension (IFS) that is designed for truck tractors of articulated commercial vehicles are summarised. Firstly, the suspension geometry, which satisfies the required conditions of minimum deviation of camber angle and track width during wheel travel, is obtained within the given design volume by using Multibody Systems (MBS) and Design of Experiments (DOE) approaches. Subsequently, the kinetic analysis is carried out for the suspension system and the critical design loads that may act on the structural elements are determined. Taking these loads into account, the mechanical design of the suspension system elements is performed. The Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is applied to the complete suspension system for the chosen critical load conditions. Stress concentrated regions on the crucial system elements are determined and improvements are indicated, which result in the reduction of stress concentrations. In the last part of the study, prototyping and fatigue tests are carried out. Throughout bench tests, in which real service conditions are simulated, no failure of any sort is encountered. The final suspension system (pair) is 31% lighter than an equivalent rigid front axle in terms of load capacity.


We examine reverse mergers (RMs) in the biotechnology industry and find that, when compared to initial public offerings (IPOs), RMs are smaller, have significantly lower market valuations relative to size, and generally invest less. We also find that RMs exhibit positive abnormal returns on the announcement date and throughout the first year after the RM event. In looking at liquidity measures, we find that RMs tend to be less liquid than IPOs and that illiquidity is greater during the six-month lock-up period following the RM event. Thus, RMs may be an appropriate alternative financing vehicle in capital intensive, high-risk biotechnology companies which require accessing deeper and larger pools of investors in public capital markets across multiple milestone periods in a "pay for progress" environment.


Purpose

The main aim of this paper is to develop a holistic understanding of place branding and reflect on its practical value and implications, by drawing evidence from the rebranding process of three UK towns (Alsager, Altrincham and Holmfirth) that participated in the HSUK2020 project.

Design/methodology/approach

A comprehensive place branding process that includes the interrelated stages of research, deliberation, consultation, action and communication is presented. The practical value of this theoretical proposition is linked to the experiences of three UK towns that participated in the HSUK2020 project.

Findings

The importance of research, the challenges of participation and the role of communications in place branding processes were identified as primary issues in all towns. The results of the project demonstrate the significance of the initial research stage of the place branding process and show that the process as a whole is valuable in helping places deal effectively with identity issues.

Research limitations/implications

Participatory place branding processes can flourish when place stakeholders are engaged in the right context and are encouraged to work together. In addition, place brands are important cues and empower stakeholders' participation in all stages of place brand processes.

Practical implications

Knowledge exchange projects that have the potential to engage a plethora of place stakeholders should be considered by practitioners for future place branding strategies.

Originality/value

The paper offers a refreshing practical grounding on participatory place branding concepts and theories. The value of knowledge exchange strategies for examining the field of place branding is also highlighted and can become a useful research approach for future research.


A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding different levels of rumen undegradable protein (UDP) in concentrate on performance of five breeds of sheep. Namely: Compass Agrinak (CA); Garut Composite breed (KG); Barbados Cross breed (BC); St Croix breed (SC); and Local Garut (GL) breed. Ten heads of sheep were used from each breed, in which each breed was grouped into 5 groups according to their body weight, and each sheep in each group was assigned to one of two treatments diet. The diet treatment consisted of concentrate containing different levels of undegradable protein (UDP). The levels of undegradable protein were 4.5% and 7.5%. Concentrate were formulated in iso nitrogen (CP content 16.7%) and iso energy (ME content 2.5 Mcal/kg). During feeding trial the sheep were kept in individual pen for three months. Study was conducted in randomized complete block design in factorial 5 x 2 arrangement, 5 levels of breeds sheep and 2 levels of UDP content. Results shows that there was no interaction effect of breed and levels UDP on feed consumption, average daily gain and feed conversion. These variables were significantly (P 0.05) by interaction between breed of sheep and UDP levels in the diet except for OM digestibility. While breed of sheep did not affect nutrient digestibility and UDP levels only affected NDF digestibility. From this study, it is concluded that increasing UDP in the diet did not improve growth performance of sheep. At similar quality of feed the growth performance was affected by breed of sheep in which KG and GL sheep had similar average daily gain (86.01 vs 82.38 g/day).


This study sought to shed light on the performance measurement practices practiced by insurance firms in Kenya, to establish the level of employee productivity in these firms and if there is a relationship between performance measurement practices on employee productivity in Kenya and sought to achieve three objectives. These were to "determine the extent of adoption of performance measurement practices by insurance firms in Kenya, to establish the level of employee productivity of insurance firms in Kenya and to determine relationship between performance measurement practices and employee productivity of insurance firms in Kenya."Primary data was collected by the use of questionnaires distributed amongst 30 insurance firms in Kenya. Data collected was analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. SPSS (17) and Microsoft excel software packages were used to conduct the analysis. Results indicate that most insurance firms used the Balanced Scorecard performance measurement model and the strength of the relationship between employee productivity and each of the performance measurement practises reported was moderate. Current study, though with some limitations in term of response and scope of study has served the purpose of initiating researching on performance measurement in the insurance industry, which can be used as a basis for further study and benefit to the management of organizations in the service industry. The study recommended Further research can be carried out to firms in other service sectors to establish the performance measurement practices used and if they influence the productivity of the employees. This would enable managers to focus on the issues that positively influence both individual and organizational performance.


Author(s): Mishmash, Ryan Victor | Advisor(s): Fisher, Matthew P.A. | Abstract: Experiments on strongly correlated quasi-two-dimensional electronic materials---for example, the high-temperature cuprate superconductors and the putative quantum spin liquids kappa-(BEDT-TTF)2Cu2(CN)3 and EtMe3Sb[Pd(dmit)2]2---routinely reveal highly mysterious quantum behavior which cannot be explained in terms of weakly interacting degrees of freedom. Theoretical progress thus requires the introduction of completely new concepts and machinery beyond the traditional framework of the band theory of solids and its interacting counterpart, Landau's Fermi liquid theory. In full two dimensions, controlled and reliable analytical approaches to such problems are severely lacking, as are numerical simulations of even the simplest of model Hamiltonians due to the infamous fermionic sign problem.Here, we attempt to circumvent some of these difficulties by studying analogous problems in quasi-one dimension. In this lower dimensional setting, theoretical and numerical tractability are on much stronger footing due to the methods of bosonization and the density matrix renormalization group, respectively. Using these techniques, we attack two problems: (1) the Mott transition between a Fermi liquid metal and a quantum spin liquid as potentially directly relevant to the organic compounds kappa-(BEDT-TTF)2Cu2(CN)3 and EtMe3Sb[Pd(dmit)2]2 and (2) non-Fermi liquid metals as strongly motivated by the strange metal phase observed in the cuprates. In both cases, we are able to realize highly exotic quantum phases as ground states of reasonable microscopic models. This lends strong credence to respective underlying slave-particle descriptions of the low-energy physics, which are inherently strongly interacting and also unconventional in comparison to weakly interacting alternatives.Finally, working in two dimensions directly, we propose a new slave-particle theory which explains in a universal way many of the intriguing experimental results of the triangular lattice organic spin liquid candidates kappa-(BEDT-TTF)2Cu2(CN)3 and EtMe3Sb[Pd(dmit)2]2. With use of large-scale variational Monte Carlo calculations, we show that this new state has very competitive trial energy in an effective spin model thought to describe the essential features of the real materials.