Although musculoaponeurotic fibromatosis (MAF) is a well-recognized entity, it still provides a histologic diagnostic enigma, particularly in its distinction from a well-differentiated fibrosarcoma. The lesion is histologically identical to a desmoid tumor. The lesion appears as a firm swelling in a limb or limb girdle, with a rare incidence of pain. Although it is more common in the second to fourth decades (premenopausal women predominantly), it does occur in children. The sex incidence in children is equal. A multicentric pattern of behavior may be evident. The mainstay of treatment has been surgical excision of varying extent. Local excision, even if radical, may be followed by up to a 65% recurrence rate. In this review, 40% of the cases had more than one recurrence. Recent evidence suggests radiotherapy, which has been reserved for inoperable lesions, may be of value as an adjunct to primary treatment. Limited local excision with adjunctive radiotherapy may decrease recurrence rate, minimize functional deficit, and improve cosmesis. Radical local resection (compartmental or amputation) may be avoidable. In children, amputation may not result in cure because of the multicentric behavior pattern and radiotherapy may lead to growth retardation. A shorter functional upper or lower limb is preferable to an amputation stump or a limb disfigured from radical excision.


Anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease (formerly known as Goodpasture's syndrome) is a rare autoinflammatory condition that affects the renal and/or pulmonary capillaries. The standard therapeutic regimen for anti-GBM disease involves therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE), cyclophosphamide, and corticosteroids to rapidly remove and inhibit autoantibody production and reduce organ inflammation. Herein we report an 82-year-old female who developed anti-GBM disease but expired despite therapy, secondary to multi-organ failure in the setting of disseminated adenovirus disease. We discuss the utility and potential adverse effect of daily TPE for a protracted course (ie, 10-14 days), the recommended TPE intensity in the 2023 American Society for Apheresis guidelines, updated from every-other-day TPE in the 2019 guidelines, despite no new data. We also highlight the potential for unusual infections to occur in these patients due to the profound immunosuppression, and discuss the importance of balancing immunosuppression to treat the disease with close surveillance of any potential opportunistic infections.


Glacier surface mass balance evaluated over the actual glacier geometry depends not only on climatic variations, but also on the dynamic adjustment of glacier geometry. Therefore, it has been proposed that reference-surface balances calculated over a constant glacier hypsometry are better suited for climatic interpretation. Here we present a comparison of 82 year modelled time series (1926-2008) of conventional and reference-surface balance for 36 Swiss glaciers. Over this time period the investigated glaciers have lost 22% of their area, and ice surface elevation close to the current glacier terminus has decreased by 78 m on average. Conventional balance in the last decade, at -0.91 m w.e.a(-1), is 0.14 m w.e.a(-1) less negative than the reference-surface balance. About half of the negative (stabilizing) feedback on mass balance due to glacier terminus retreat is compensated by more negative mass balances due to surface lowering. Short-term climatic variability is clearly reflected in the conventional mass-balance series; however, the magnitude of the long-term negative trend is underestimated compared to that found in the reference-surface balance series. Both conventional and reference-surface specific balances show large spatial variability among the 36 glaciers.


Recent results indicate that regulating the balance between cyclin-B–Cdc2 kinase, also known as M-phase-promoting factor (MPF), and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is crucial to enable correct mitotic entry and exit. In this work, we studied the regulatory mechanisms controlling the cyclin-B–Cdc2 and PP2A balance by analysing the activity of the Greatwall kinase and PP2A, and the different components of the MPF amplification loop (Myt1, Wee1, Cdc25) during the first embryonic cell cycle. Previous data indicated that the Myt1-Wee1-Cdc25 equilibrium is tightly regulated at the G2-M and M-G1 phase transitions; however, no data exist regarding the regulation of this balance during M phase and interphase. Here, we demonstrate that constant regulation of the cyclin-B–Cdc2 amplification loop is required for correct mitotic division and to promote correct timing of mitotic entry. Our results show that removal of Cdc25 from metaphase-II-arrested oocytes promotes mitotic exit, whereas depletion of either Myt1 or Wee1 in interphase egg extracts induces premature mitotic entry. We also provide evidence that, besides the cyclin-B–Cdc2 amplification loop, the Greatwall-PP2A pathway must also be tightly regulated to promote correct first embryonic cell division. When PP2A is prematurely inhibited in the absence of cyclin-B–Cdc2 activation, endogenous cyclin-A–Cdc2 activity induces irreversible aberrant mitosis in which there is, first, partial transient phosphorylation of mitotic substrates and, second, subsequent rapid and complete degradation of cyclin A and cyclin B, thus promoting premature and rapid exit from mitosis.


The thesis deals with enzymatic catalysis in bicontinuous microemulsions, which consist of a dynamic network of oil and water domains separated by a monolayer of surfactant molecules, i.e. the interfacial layer. Hence, a microemulsion with the composition buffer – n-octane – nonionic surfactant was tested as a reaction medium for enzyme-catalysed reactions with the emphasis on the conversion of hydrophobic substrates, which are difficult to convert in aqueous buffer solutions. The first part of the thesis focuses on the activity of the lipase B from Candida antarctica (CalB) in bicontinuous microemulsions. First, the optimum reaction conditions determined by temperature, pH and ionic strength were evaluated. Second, it was found that CalB concentrations which showed fast adsorption at an oil-water interface also displayed fast reaction rates. Additionally, no saturation was found for substrate concentrations up to 40 mM of p-nitrophenyl laurate, which according to Michaelis-Menten suggests a Km >> 40 mM. Third, the composition of the interfacial layer had a distinct influence on CalB activity, e.g. the presence of sugar surfactants (b-C10G1) or phospholipids (DOPC) enhanced or decreased CalB activity, respectively. The second part of the thesis describes the activity of the squalene-hopene cyclase from Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius (Aac SHC) converting its natural substrate squalene in bicontinuous microemulsions. The Aac SHC activity studies revealed a linear dependence on enzyme concentration and a hyperbolic curve for the substrate concentration, with a saturation of Aac SHC at substrate concentrations above 20 mM. The composition of the interfacial layer was found to have neither a significant influence on the activity nor on the conformation of Aac SHC. In summary, good turnover rates were achieved for interfacially-active enzymes (CalB) due to enhanced enzyme-substrate contact at the interfacial layer. For water-soluble enzymes (Aac SHC), a distinctly enhanced selectivity was discovered, although no faster reaction rate was found. The main difference in the catalytic turnover was explained by the adsorption of CalB at the interfacial layer, whereas Aac SHC stays in the aqueous phase of the microemulsion. To conclude, bicontinuous microemulsions were suitable for enzymatic catalysis and are thus interesting in terms of reaction medium engineering to optimise biocatalytic processes.


Operation and exploitation of present and future Tokamak reactors require advanced scenario modeling in order to optimize engineering parameters in the design phase as well as physics performance during the exploitation phase. The simulation of Tokamak scenarios involves simultaneous modeling of different regions of the reactor, characterized by different physics and symmetries, in order to predict quantities such as particle and energy confinement, fusion yield, power deposited on wall, wall load from fast particles. JINTRAC is a system of 25 interfaced Tokamak-physics codes for the integrated simulation of all phases of a Tokamak scenario. JINTRAC predictions reflect the physics and assumptions implemented in each module and extensive comparison with experimental data is needed to allow validation of the models and improvement of Tokamak-physics understanding. © 2014 The Japan Society of Plasma Science and Nuclear Fusion Research.


ABSTRACT The performance arena provides a multitude of opportunities for lionizing the self. Narcissistic individuals crave admiration and glory, and thus the performance domain constitutes an ideal medium for researchers to explore narcissistic behavior. However, despite its potential relevance and substantial research history within mainstream psychology, narcissism is only now starting to receive interest from researchers in the sport and performance domain. In this article, we aim to raise the relevance of narcissism (and more generally personality) within performance settings and provide a platform for future research in the area. We review research on the relation between narcissism and performance and conclude that narcissists' performance is contingent upon perceived opportunities for glory. We also offer suggestions for explanatory mechanisms. Further, we examine factors that may influence narcissistic behavior in environments that vary in their opportunity for glory. In addition, as leadership positions present opportunities for glory, we ask whether narcissists make effective leaders. We propose theoretical extensions of the narcissism literature to the performance domain, and we close with a call for greater consideration of the role of personality in performance contexts.


A novel frequency selective surface (FSS) based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology is investigated with simulation and experiment. The periodic unit is made of a SIW cavity with slots on the top and bottom surfaces, and the whole FSS is fabricated on a microwave substrate with standard PCB process. The high-Q property of SIW cavities greatly improved the frequency selectivity of the FSS, which is significant for the application in antenna cover or object stealth etc. The finite difference frequency domain (FDFD) method is adopted to simulate the transmission and reflection characteristics of the proposed FSS, and the simulated results are in good agreement with the experiment data. Both simulated and experiment results show that the FSS proposed in this paper takes the advantages of low passband insertion loss, good frequency selectivity, and insensitive to the incident angle and polarization etc. Besides, the FSS can be easily fabricated using normal PCB process with low cost.


Author(s): Dubeau, Christian | Advisor(s): Dicke, Ian | Abstract: My research interests focus on the programmatic representation of the natural world and current environmental issues through acoustic and electro-acoustic music. Although I believe that music is an art that should creatively assert itself regardless of extra-musical associations, I find that the programmatic elements inspire listeners to evaluate the world with a fresh perspective. I aim to compose works that encourage my community to listen more closely to the world around them. While the tradition of nature-inspired works has precedents in the late-Romantic era, my work employs techniques unique to our time, including field recordings, and the processing of live electronics. Poems of Wildness is a forty-five-minute composition for piano and electronics. It consists of twelve bitonal preludes that utilize all twenty-four keys. The inspiration behind these preludes is the San Gabriel Mountains, a mountain range that lies to the north of Los Angeles county, in California. Since impact of human activity is a crucial aspect of the mountain range's history, I decided to make this interaction the focus of my set of preludes. Bitonal music is an appropriate musical tool for these preludes because of its potential to signify an opposition. The juxtaposition of the two keys in each prelude reflects man and man-made technology interacting with the San Gabriel Mountains. My project is documented here with a (1) full-score, (2) a musical analysis of each prelude and a general analysis of the complete set, (3) a section explaining how the electronic portion of the project was conceived, and (4) a mockup audio recording. I also included a brief history of the San Gabriel Mountains as it relates to my music, and details about the history of music inspired by nature in the United States, as well as a section on the general history of bitonal music.


This article describes the microsurgical approach of the head and neck team of the Bordet Institute. During a period of 2 1/2 years 35 free flaps, 71 Pectoralis Major and 9 local flaps were performed for oropharyngeal reconstruction. Different types of free flaps were used and analyzed: 15 latissimus dorsi myocutaneous, 8 radial forearm, 1 gastric, 3 jejunum, 2 crista iliaca osteocutaneous, 1 scapular osteomyocutaneous, 3 scapular osteo-muscular of a new type (discovered in our department), 1 serratus anterior muscular and 1 flap composed of 3 others (a latissimus myocutaneous, a serratus anterior and a scapular osteo-muscular flap). 60% of the microvascular anastomoses were performed in a previously heavily irradiated area and none failed. The indications of some of these flaps are discussed and summarized.


Extracellular vesicles (EVs) comprise a heterogeneous group of small membrane vesicles, including exosomes, which play a critical role in intracellular communication and regulation of numerous physiological processes in health and disease. Naturally released from virtually all cells, these vesicles contain an array of nucleic acids, lipids and proteins which they transfer to target cells within their local milieu and systemically. They have been proposed as a means of "cell-free, cell therapy" for cancer, immune disorders, and more recently cardiovascular disease. In addition, their unique properties of stability, biocompatibility, and low immunogenicity have prompted research into their potential as therapeutic delivery agents for drugs and small molecules. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of extracellular vesicle biology as well as engineering strategies in play to improve their therapeutic potential.


We investigate the dynamics of the ground state and the first three singlet 1 Sigma + excited states of BH using the split-operator method. Ab initio calculations show that these states have strong non-adiabatic couplings, resulting in a complex topology of avoided crossing regions and double well potentials. We attempt to find a method to populate the second minimum of B 1 Sigma +, enabling experimental observation of its vibrational states.


Five DNA-binding sites for the Epstein-Barr virus BZLF1 protein have been identified within three of the early viral promoters, and four of these binding sites contain a consensus AP-1 site. The part of the BZLF1 protein required for sequence-specific DNA binding to one of these AP-1-like sites was identified by deletion mapping. Site-directed mutagenesis of this DNA target suggests that BZLF1 may work partly by overcoming a cellular repressor of viral transcription.


The relevance of this study lays in the search for the relationship between consumers involvement attributes in sponsorship program and product awareness towards the intention to purchase the sponsors product. In spite of all indicators pointing to the need for a clear understanding of the business value of sponsorships, little is known about basic aspects for the consumers involvement in sponsorship program, product awareness and intention to purchase the product. The paper aims to investigate this issue.Using data from selected literature from relevant journals over a wide period of time have been analysed – additional three events in different hospitality organizations categories, have been evaluated by analyzing responses from participants and attendees from the respective events.A quantitative method of structured survey questionnaire was used. Specifically, respondents were asked to indicate their level of agreement or disagreement with a series of statements based on a five-point Likert scale. The questionnaires distributed were then statistically processed using SPSS Statistics 20. The benefits that a hospitality organizations may obtain by joining a sponsorship program are discussed. This study findings has clearly revealed that consumer involvement activity plays a vital role towards the awareness of sponsor's product and in consumer purchase intention behaviour. For event managers information and conclusions relevant to reward consumer involvement are also expounded. This paper helps hospitality organizations to take decisions with regard to creating consumer awareness by reviewing important issues relating to both consumers' involvement in an event in order to reach the consumers awareness and purchase intention towards the sponsor's product.


Separate groups of mice challenged intravenously with either the blastospore or hyphal forms of the same strain of Candida albicans were examined for comparative mortality rates, organ localisation, and tissue and cellular response to the organisms. Blastospores were more rapidly and consistently fatal to mice than the hyphae. Relatively more hyphal elements than blastospores were initially localised in the lungs but more blastospores than hyphal elements were trapped in the liver. The cells of both forms were more effectively killed in the lungs than in other organs. Blastospores initially found in the kidneys increased rapidly in numbers, but hyphal inocula either grew slowly in the kidneys or were eliminated. After mice were challenged with either hyphae or blastospores the initial inflammatory response in the lungs and liver was predominantly of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, but macrophages were the first inflammatory cells to be seen in kidney sections. Peripheral blood counts showed a leukocytosis in mice of both groups although only blastospores resulted in increased numbers of circulating atypical lymphocytes. The results indicated that lungs may play a more important role than other reticuloendothelial organs in innate resistance to vascular invasion by either of the morphological forms of C. albicans, and macrophages may be crucial to host resistance to renal invasion by this fungus.


In this thesis, a large number of point defects was studied in both 2D and 3D nanomaterials that are of utmost importance to nanoscience by means of first principles density functional theory calculations. First, we focused on the lead chalcogenide family: PbS, PbSe, and PbTe that are frequently used in quantum dots. Defects including monovacancies, interstitials, Schottky and Frenkel type defects were considered. We found that monovacancies and Schottky defects are more favorable as indicated by the lower defect formation energy. The lead monovacancy (VPb) was predicted to be a shallow acceptor and may participate the radiative recombination in photoluminescence. Whereas sulfur monovacancy (VS) is a deep donor and may reduce the photoluminescent yield by trapping the conducting holes. Considering their significantly lower formation energy, Schottky defects may play a much more important role than currently presumed in the cation exchange process of synthesizing the PbSe-CdSe heteronanoscrystals (HNCs). Our second target is native point defects in tungsten disulfide (WS2) monolayers (MLs), a member of the 2D stackable van der Waals transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDs) family. It was found that some of the defect states exhibit strong spin-orbit splitting, which can be as large as 296 meV for the Ws antisite, and is of the same scale of the SO splitting in native WS2 (433 meV). Furthermore, we confirmed that both the WS and WS2 antisite defects possess a local magnetic moment of 2 μB around the antisite W atom. Both of the findings of the SO splitting and the magnetic moment of point defects in ML WS2 hold great promise for spintronics applications. The research continued with the atomically thin 2D monolayers of the early transition metal oxides (TMOs, with TM=Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn) which exhibit hitherto unknown magnetism and conductivity. According to the various valence states of the TMs, four geometries together with all the possible collinear magnetic configurations were calculated. It was found that the hexagonal M2O3 phase is the most stable phase among all the four 2D TMO phases, while the rock salt TiO, CrO and MnO are more stable than their bulk counterpart, thereby strongly suggesting the possibility of the experimental realization of these 2D TMO phases. Further analysis revealed that these 2D TMO phases possess a spectacular variety of electronic and magnetic properties including semimetallic, half-metallic, semiconducting, with different magnetic arrangements such as non-magnetic, ferromagnetic, and antiferromagnetic. The magnetism of transition metal monovacancies was also investigated. All these results present the great potential of the 2D TMOs for future applications in electronic- and spin-related fields. The results in this thesis demonstrate the strong influence of point defects on materials properties, giving rise to e.g. additional electronic states in the band gap of semiconductors, defect-induced magnetism and strong spin-orbit coupling effects. All these findings show the importance of the role of point defects in the development of nanoscience.


Research and development in database technology evolves in several directions, which are not necessarily divergent. A number of these directions might be promising for military information systems as well. In this paper, we discuss the potentials of multi-media databases and data mining. Both directions focuss on the handling of a vague information need of a user. In general, data mining systems allow a higher degree of vagueness than multi-media systems. Information systems that are able to handle vague information needs adequately will improve the decision making process of militaries.


Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is a widely used technique to simulate molecular systems, most commonly at the all-atom resolution where the equations of motion are integrated with timesteps on the order of femtoseconds ($1\textrm{fs}=10^{-15}\textrm{s}$). MD is often used to compute equilibrium properties, which requires sampling from an equilibrium distribution such as the Boltzmann distribution. However, many important processes, such as binding and folding, occur over timescales of milliseconds or beyond, and cannot be efficiently sampled with conventional MD. Furthermore, new MD simulations need to be performed from scratch for each molecular system studied. We present Timewarp, an enhanced sampling method which uses a normalising flow as a proposal distribution in a Markov chain Monte Carlo method targeting the Boltzmann distribution. The flow is trained offline on MD trajectories and learns to make large steps in time, simulating the molecular dynamics of $10^{5} - 10^{6}\:\textrm{fs}$. Crucially, Timewarp is transferable between molecular systems: once trained, we show that it generalises to unseen small peptides (2-4 amino acids), exploring their metastable states and providing wall-clock acceleration when sampling compared to standard MD. Our method constitutes an important step towards developing general, transferable algorithms for accelerating MD.


Developing Facebook Platform Applications with Rails leads you through the steps necessary to build your first application. You'll get hands-on experience with Facebook technologies such as FBML and FQL, and master messaging and news feeds.You'll do more than just study the Facebook API-you'll get practical tips from an experienced Facebook developer. We'll cover advanced techniques such as AJAX and asynchronous messaging, and you'll see how to slash development time with facebooker, the leading Ruby library for Facebook Platform development.Together, we'll build Karate Poke, a real Facebook Platform application, from configuration to deployment. You'll get deep into Facebook requests right off the bat. From there, you'll build the core of Karate Poke and then get a detailed look at the Facebook canvas and social features. We'll finish by looking at advanced features and tips for handling millions of users.Developing for the Facebook Platform can seem like a different world at first. Developing Facebook Platform Applications with Rails is your tour guide.


Considering the increasing environmental concerns and the potential for small gold deposits to be exploited in the future, the uses of environmentally friendly processes are essential. Recent developments point to the potential for greatly increased plant performance through a separation process that combines the cyanide and flotation processes. In addition, this kind of alternative treatment processes to the traditional gold recovery processes may reduce the environmental risks of present small‐scale gold mining. Gold recovery processes that applied to different types of gold bearing ore deposits show that the type of deposits plays an important role for the selection of mineral processing technologies in the production of gold and other precious metals. In the last 25 years, different alternative processes have been investigated on gold deposits located in areas where environmental issues are a great concern. In 1988, gold particles were first recovered by successful pilot trial of coal‐gold agglomeration (CGA) process in Australia. The current paper reviews the importance of CGA in the production of gold ore and identifies areas for further development work.


Do voters reward or punish incumbents for retrospective performance similarly in different democratic regimes? Despite debates on the merits of different regimes, little research has investigated the implications of constitutional design on voters' ability to hold politicians to account. This article shows that regime type determines the way and extent to which elections enable voters to reward or sanction incumbents. These regime effects are separate from and conceptually prior to factors previously identified in the literature on comparative economic voting. Analysis of elections from seventy-five countries reveals that, all else equal, voters have greater potential to hold incumbents to accounts under the separation of powers than under parliamentarism. Moreover, variables particular to separation of powers systems – the electoral cycle in pure presidential systems and instances of cohabitation in semi-presidential systems – affect the relative impact of the attribution of responsibility. The results contribute to ongoing debates about the relative advantages of different constitutional formats for democratic performance.


Past research shows that a parent's own depression is related to maladaptive communication during parent-adolescent conflict (Downey & Coyne, 1990; Wilson & Durbin, 2010). However, no research to date has also examined the relationship between a co-parent's depressive symptoms and parent conflict communication. Thus, this dissertation investigated the relationship between both parents' depressive symptoms and constructive and destructive parental communication during conflict with an adolescent child. First, this study examined the relationship between destructive parent conflict communication (i.e., overreactivity) and actor and partner reports of depression. Specifically, I examined two competing models testing the relationship between overreactivity and depression. The first model placed depression as the independent variable, whereas the second model placed overreactivity as the independent variable. Second, I tested both parents' depression as predictors of constructive conflict communication (i.e., expressions of emotional support to children). Emotional support was measured using interaction data from 10-minute conflict interactions with parents and adolescent children. The hypotheses were tested using data from 180 mother-father dyads (N = 360) who had a child between 14 – 17 years old. The partner effects from the analysis showed that father depression was associated with decreased destructive communication and increased constructive communication in mothers. However, mother depression was associated with decreased constructive communication in fathers. The partner effects observed in this project suggest that mothers engage in prosocial communicative acts when fathers experience depressive symptoms, whereas fathers engage in less emotional support when mothers are depressed. Overall, the results from this project highlight that partner depressive symptoms predict parent behaviors towards adolescent children during conflict interactions in different directions. It seems that mothers may be buffering children from the negative effects of father depression by communicating with increased emotional support and lower overreactivity. On the other hand, mother depression is linked to lower emotional support from both parents. Overall, these results offer evidence that mother and father depressive symptoms may impact adolescent children differently depending on the co-parent's communication behaviors. The practical and theoretical implications of these results are discussed in further detail. INDEX WORDS: depression, overreactivity, emotional support, parent-adolescent conflict, crossover effects, family systems theory PARENTAL DEPRESSION, OVERREACTIVITY, AND EMOTIONAL SUPPORT DURING PARENT-ADOLESCENT CONFLICT: AN ACTOR PARTNER INTERDEPENDENCE ANALYSIS


The traditional role of the facilitator in outdoor education is frequently seen as outside the group of participants, either in a position of power over the participants or detached and passive. Following an ethnographic study at a residential outdoor centre, an in-depth analysis of the facilitation process was carried out, which revealed that the facilitator is always part of the group, and that the type of influence that the facilitators have on the outdoor learning process depends on the way that they approach their role within the group. For the purpose of this paper, the term 'facilitator' is used to refer to both centre staff as well as visiting teachers accompanying the school groups. This paper addresses critical questions regarding the effectiveness of the outdoor learning process when a position of power is adopted. The paper will also show the impact that recognizing the facilitator as a member of the group has on the learning experience in the outdoor classroom.


Abstract Multidisciplinary systems are described most suitably by bond graphs. In order to determine unnormalized frequency domain sensitivities in symbolic form, this paper proposes to construct in a systematic manner a bond graph from another bond graph, which is called the associated incremental bond graph in this paper. Contrary to other approaches reported in the literature the variables at the bonds of the incremental bond graph are not sensitivities but variations (incremental changes) in the power variables from their nominal values due to parameter changes. Thus their product is power. For linear elements their corresponding model in the incremental bond graph also has a linear characteristic. By deriving the system equations in symbolic state space form from the incremental bond graph in the same way as they are derived from the initial bond graph, the sensitivity matrix of the system can be set up in symbolic form. Its entries are transfer functions depending on the nominal parameter values and on the nominal states and the inputs of the original model. The sensitivities can be determined automatically by the bond graph preprocessor CAMP-G and the widely used program MATLAB together with the Symbolic Toolbox for symbolic mathematical calculation. No particular program is needed for the approach proposed. The initial bond graph model may be non-linear and may contain controlled sources and multiport elements. In that case the sensitivity model is linear time variant and must be solved in the time domain. The rationale and the generality of the proposed approach are presented. For illustration purposes a mechatronic example system, a load positioned by a constant-excitation d.c. motor, is presented and sensitivities are determined in symbolic form by means of CAMP-G/MATLAB.


We propose a model that can learn parts-based representations of high-dimensional data. Our key assumption is that the dimensions of the data can be separated into several disjoint subsets, or factors, which take on values independently of each other. We assume each factor has a small number of discrete states, and model it using a vector quantizer. The selected states of each factor represent the multiple causes of the input. Given a set of training examples, our model learns the association of data dimensions with factors, as well as the states of each VQ. Inference and learning are carried out efficiently via variational algorithms. We present applications of this model to problems in image decomposition, collaborative filtering, and text classification.


This article presents a case involving a solitary bone cyst in a 16-year-old boy who had a history of trauma in the affected region. Radiographs confirmed the presence of the cyst three years before treatment. A series of similarly produced panoramic radiographs demonstrated a chronologic picture of a solitary bone cyst, representing a lesion that was progressive rather than static. The patient was treated with curettage and experienced an uneventful recovery. The patient did not show any signs or symptoms of recurrence three years after treatment.


The process of water oxidation and carbon dioxide reduction in oxygenic photosynthesis involves a complex series of events that start with light energy capture and end with its storage in the form of the chemical energy in glucose. These reactions provide a solution to efficient solar energy conversion into high-energy chemicals. The principles revealed by study of natural photosynthetic systems may be used to design artificial systems for solar fuel production. Understanding the light-driven oxidation of water, in particular, is of high interest, as this half reaction could be used in sustainable solar fuel production by processes of artificial photosynthesis to meet the world's growing energy demand. In this article, we look into the intricate photosynthetic machinery and the various processes that it performs in order to efficiently capture, convert, and store light energy. Our main focus is on the so-called "light" reactions, where specific processes are driven by direct light absorption. As a result, reducing equivalents are extracted from water and transferred to NADP+, to be used in the carbon-fixing reactions, which are not directly modulated by sunlight. We describe the characteristic features of each protein in the photosynthetic electron-transport machinery, and specifically focus on the water-oxidation catalysis performed as the first step of oxygenic photosynthesis by the metalloenzyme photosystem II, due to its relevance to synthetic biomimetic water-oxidation catalysts. Several processes that photosystem II employs to couple light energy absorption to catalytic turnover are discussed, including proton and electron transfers, redox leveling, charge accumulation, and proposed catalytic mechanisms.

Keywords:

light energy conversion;
oxygen-evolving complex;
photosynthesis;
photosystem I;
photosystem II;
solar energy;
water oxidation


Background Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) act by increasing insulin secretion, decreasing glucagon secretion, slowing gastric emptying, and increasing satiety. Objective Published evidence directly comparing GLP-1RAs with other approved treatments for type 2 diabetes (T2D) was systematically reviewed. Methods A literature search was performed using MEDLINE and Embase databases to identify papers comparing GLP-1RAs with other classes of glucose-lowering therapy in patients with T2D. Results Of the 1303 papers identified, 57 met the prespecified criteria for a high-quality clinical trial or retrospective study. The efficacy and tolerability of approved GLP-1RAs (exenatide twice daily or once weekly, dulaglutide, liraglutide, lixisenatide, and albiglutide) were compared with insulin products (23 prospective studies + seven retrospective studies), dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (11 prospective studies + three retrospective studies), sulfonylureas (nine prospective studies + one retrospective study), thiazolidinediones (five prospective studies), and metformin (two prospective studies). GLP-1RAs are effective as a second-line therapy in improving glycemic parameters in patients with T2D. Reductions in glycated hemoglobin from baseline with GLP-1RAs tended to be greater or similar compared with insulin therapy. GLP-1RAs were consistently more effective in reducing body weight than most oral glucose-lowering drugs and insulin and were associated with lower hypoglycemia risk versus insulin or sulfonylureas. GLP-1RAs improved cardiovascular risk factors, and preliminary data suggest they improve cardiovascular outcomes in patients with T2D compared with oral glucose-lowering drugs. However, results from ongoing studies are awaited to confirm these early findings. Conclusion This systematic review found that GLP-1RAs are an effective class of glucose-lowering drugs for T2D.


Non‐equilibrium redox chemical reactions of high orders are ubiquitous in fluid‐saturated porous rocks within the crust of the Earth. The numerical modelling of such high‐order chemical reactions becomes a challenging problem because these chemical reactions are not only produced strong non‐linear source/sink terms for reactive transport equations, but also often coupled with the fluids mixing, heat transfer and reactive mass transport processes. In order to solve this problem effectively and efficiently, it is desirable to reduce the total number of reactive transport equations with strong non‐linear source/sink terms to a minimum in a computational model. For this purpose, the concept of the chemical reaction rate invariant is used to develop a numerical procedure for dealing with fluids mixing, heat transfer and non‐equilibrium redox chemical reactions in fluid‐saturated porous rocks. Using the proposed concept and numerical procedure, only one reactive transport equation, which is used to describe the distribution of the chemical product and has a strong non‐linear source/sink term, needs to be solved for each of the non‐equilibrium redox chemical reactions. The original reactive transport equations of the chemical reactants with strong non‐linear source/sink terms are turned into the conventional mass transport equations of the chemical reaction rate invariants without any non‐linear source/sink terms. A testing example, for some aspects of which the analytical solutions are available, is used to validate the proposed numerical procedure. The related numerical solutions have demonstrated that (1) the proposed numerical procedure is useful and applicable for dealing with the coupled problem between fluids mixing, heat transfer and non‐equilibrium redox chemical reactions of high orders in fluid‐saturated porous rocks; (2) the interaction between the solute diffusion, solute advection and chemical kinetics is an important mechanism to control distribution patterns of chemical products in an ore‐forming process; and (3) if the pore‐fluid pressure gradient is lithostatic, it is difficult for the chemical equilibrium to be attained within permeable cracks and geological faults within the crust of the Earth. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


: The electric field set up by the dipoles of peptide groups ad other dipoles at the atoms of substrate and catalytic groups of alpha-chymotrypsin is considered. It is shown that substantial electric potentials reaching some tenths of volts exist in the active center of the enzyme, the fact which must influence significantly the reactivity of corresponding groups. In contrast to low molecular weight liquids, the contribution to the total potential of dipoles located at different distances from the point under consideration often changes nonmonotonically with the distance, sometimes the predominant influence being exerted not by the nearest polar groups but by the more distant ones. The existence of electric fields having a complex spatial configuration determined by the protein structure can be defined as the effect of the polar medium preorganization. Emphasis is placed on the necessity of taking into account the polarization of the external medium by charges of protein atoms and ions (the difference of primary and secondary electric fields).


The current UK government's policies include headlong spending cuts and a far-reaching restructuring of public provision. State welfare arguably contributes to political legitimacy and social stability, as well as to better social conditions and economic prosperity. The fact that current policies bear disproportionately on lower income groups may damage legitimacy. This article analyses a dataset covering twenty-six countries for more than two decades to show that spending cuts, privatisation and increases in poverty undermine legitimacy. It uses a direct measure of legitimacy in terms of the frequency of riots and political demonstrations and strikes, rather than the usual indirect measures in terms of attitudes and trust in government. Findings in relation to the increased work-centredness of the benefit and labour market reforms are more equivocal: a stricter benefit regime may not undermine legitimacy.


The current deployment of information and communication technologies (ICTs), coupled with the growing development of mobile communications and miniaturized electronic devices, allows that more people access to a large amount of information. For this reason, a new social model known as the knowledge society is being developed. It is based on the capacity of each individual to transform the information they have into useful knowledge. Due this, the economy is based in technical qualities of each individual and him/her knowledge to develop several services. So, the education model must improve offering a better learning quality. With the develop of new virtual tools based in ICTs, such as virtual platforms, this goals will be achieved in any educational field. Dentistry is not indifferent to this reality, since several virtual platforms have been proposed that offer diverse multimedia resources to reinforce the contents reviewed in the classroom. However, they suggest individualized educational models that do not take into consideration the multidisciplinary work that needs to be developed in this field. For this reason, this paper proposes the development of DentaLAV, a virtual learning platform whose objective is to create multidisciplinary collaborative learning groups, giving higher education students the opportunity to train to face real dental cases.


An article presenting intertextual relations included in Trenta Tre written by Ryszard Schubert, which was recognised as a late achievement of Polish neo avant-garde literature. The author demonstrates how Schubert creates references to the romantic literature and to the modernist texts engaged in a dialog with romanticism. He identifies the potential sources for quotations and allusions, and also draws readers' attention to the relationship between that work by Schubert and an unfinished story written by Krzysztof Kamil Baczynski. The main purpose of creating the intertextual connections is to present the problem of key oppositions in modern literature, and thus to illustrate the decline of the very formation itself and the downturn in the dynamics of the processes that affected its productivity.


The present work uses a novel data source, real-time strategy video game play in StarCraft 2, to study complex skill learning. Chapter One discusses some important desiderata of a large dataset. Chapter Two discusses domain specifics about StarCraft 2, and introduces the process by which survey respondents donate digital archives which are parsed to reveal second-by-second information about in-game performance of players. Chapter Three asks how experience should be defined in a complex domain. I find that the common-sense definition, that experience should be measured soley in terms ot task-specific experience, misleads researchers by being both overly permissive and restrictive. A better definition can be achieved by focusing on other forms of experience, such as experience with different game modes. Chapter Four extends a previous study of age-related declines in a StarCraft 2 cross-sectional dataset. Segmented regression models are used to estimate the onset of age-related differences. Secondly, I examine the theory that large swaths of age-related differences, across a wide array of variables, are attributable to a single general cognitive, but not psychomotor, factor. I find support for this theory, as a simplified measure of redundant click-speed accounts for about 19% of the shared age-related variance in established measures of StarCraft 2 speed. In Chapter Five I examine some of the common responses to the idea that Big Data, and the emerging data sources they employ, could effectively replace the role of theory in science. I argue, instead, that emerging data sources are a threat to overzealous generalizations from laboratory grown theories to complex behaviour. If emerging data sources fulfill their potential as tools for evaluating theory generality, then scientific standards for making claims about generality could change in pronounced ways. This would create a bigger gap between empirically grounded generalizations from the laboratory to life and careless generalizations which Frankfurt would call "bullshit." Finally, I examine two very different research strategies for going about the evaluation of theory using Big Data, and point to the virtues and limitations of both.


As every power system is constantly being subjected to disturbances, we should see that these disturbances do not make the system unstable. Therefor additional signals derived from speed deviation, excitation deviation and accelerating power are injected into voltage regulators. The device to provide these signals is referred as power system stabilizer. The use of power system stabilizers has become very common in operation of large electric power systems. The conventional PSS which uses lead-lag compensation, where gain settings designed for specific operating conditions, is giving poor performance under different loading conditions. Therefore, it is very difficult to design a stabilizer that could present good performance in all operating points of electric power systems. In an attempt to cover a wide range of operating conditions, Fuzzy logic control has been suggested as a possible solution to overcome this problem. In this paper, a systematic approach to fuzzy logic control design is proposed. The study of fuzzy logic power system stabilizer for stability enhancement of a single machine infinite bus system is presented. In order to accomplish the stability enhancement, speed deviation and acceleration of the rotor synchronous generator are taken as the inputs to the fuzzy logic controller. These variables take significant effects on damping the generator shaft mechanical oscillations. The stabilizing signals were computed using the fuzzy membership function depending on these variables. The performance of the system with fuzzy logic based power system stabilizer is compared with the system having conventional power system stabilizer and system without power system stabilizer


OBJECTIVES
Technology-enhanced simulation is used frequently in emergency medicine (EM) training programs. Evidence for its effectiveness, however, remains unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of technology-enhanced simulation for training in EM and identify instructional design features associated with improved outcomes by conducting a systematic review.

METHODS
The authors systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, ERIC, PsychINFO, Scopus, key journals, and previous review bibliographies through May 2011. Original research articles in any language were selected if they compared simulation to no intervention or another educational activity for the purposes of training EM health professionals (including student and practicing physicians, midlevel providers, nurses, and prehospital providers). Reviewers evaluated study quality and abstracted information on learners, instructional design (curricular integration, feedback, repetitive practice, mastery learning), and outcomes.

RESULTS
From a collection of 10,903 articles, 85 eligible studies enrolling 6,099 EM learners were identified. Of these, 56 studies compared simulation to no intervention, 12 compared simulation with another form of instruction, and 19 compared two forms of simulation. Effect sizes were pooled using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity among these studies was large (I(2) ≥ 50%). Among studies comparing simulation to no intervention, pooled effect sizes were large (range = 1.13 to 1.48) for knowledge, time, and skills and small to moderate for behaviors with patients (0.62) and patient effects (0.43; all p < 0.02 except patient effects p = 0.12). Among comparisons between simulation and other forms of instruction, the pooled effect sizes were small (≤ 0.33) for knowledge, time, and process skills (all p > 0.1). Qualitative comparisons of different simulation curricula are limited, although feedback, mastery learning, and higher fidelity were associated with improved learning outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS
Technology-enhanced simulation for EM learners is associated with moderate or large favorable effects in comparison with no intervention and generally small and nonsignificant benefits in comparison with other instruction. Future research should investigate the features that lead to effective simulation-based instructional design.


Key Points RIPK3 promotes pyrin inflammasome activation independent of its role in necroptosis. RIPK3 modulates the mTOR pathway to regulate pyrin inflammasome activation. Inhibition of mTOR promotes Mefv expression and pyrin inflammasome activation. Visual Abstract Mutations in MEFV, the gene encoding pyrin in humans, are associated with the autoinflammatory disorder familial Mediterranean fever. Pyrin is an innate sensor that assembles into an inflammasome complex in response to Rho-modifying toxins, including Clostridium difficile toxins A and B. Cell death pathways have been shown to intersect with and modulate inflammasome activation, thereby affecting host defense. Using bone marrow–derived macrophages and a murine model of peritonitis, we show in this study that receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIPK) 3 impacts pyrin inflammasome activation independent of its role in necroptosis. RIPK3 was instead required for transcriptional upregulation of Mefv through negative control of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and independent of alterations in MAPK and NF-κB signaling. RIPK3 did not affect pyrin dephosphorylation associated with inflammasome activation. We further demonstrate that inhibition of mTOR was sufficient to promote Mefv expression and pyrin inflammasome activation, highlighting the cross-talk between the mTOR pathway and regulation of the pyrin inflammasome. Our study reveals a novel interaction between molecules involved in cell death and the mTOR pathway to regulate the pyrin inflammasome, which can be harnessed for therapeutic interventions.


This paper reflects upon the technology acceptance model (TAM) from the perspective of the post positivistic philosophy of science. I explore what it is to know, what a theory is, and what it means to be scientific in the context of TAM. In particular, I review criteria for determining whether TAM is scientific or not in light of post-positivistic debates about the nature of science. For this purpose, I apply Popper's principle of demarcation, which determines whether a theory-like TAM-is falsifiable and the logical connection argument to show that connections between actions and intentions cannot be subjected to empirical testing similar to connections between chemical entities. I also draw on Kuhn's notion of scientific revolutions to observe the degree to which TAM has become normal science. Finally, I review TAM from the Lakatosian perspective of scientific research programs to evaluate whether the program is advancing or declining. My main objective is not to provide a conclusive evaluation of TAM as a research program or a paradigm, but to open the philosophical foundations of TAM for scrutiny so that it can be evaluated not only within the validation rules followed by its proponents, but by applying a set of well known criteria established in the post-positivistic views of science.


The top-down, micromolding technique, referred to as Particle Replication in Nonwetting Templates (PRINT®), affords a new opportunity for the generation of inhalation therapeutics. Powders were fabricated with predetermined particle size and shape; when dispersed with a collision jet nebulizer, these particles resulted in monodisperse aerosols with geometric standard deviations well below 1.2. Dynamic shape factors for this novel set of uniformly shaped particles were determined by correcting the drag of nonspherical particles in the ultra-Stokesian flow conditions of the aerodynamic particle sizer (APS). This convenient approach for shape factor determination agreed well with current literature approaches and allowed for the correction of APS results for particles with known volumes. Determined shape factor values of PRINT geometries were used to estimate the theoretical median aerodynamic diameters of individual aerosols, which were then compared to actual inhalation powders. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 3184–3194, 2013


Background: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have increased numbers of neutrophils and macrophages in their lungs. Growth related oncogene-α (GROα) attracts neutrophils, whereas monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) attracts monocytes that can differentiate into macrophages. The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of GROα and MCP-1 in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and sputum from non-smokers, healthy smokers and patients with COPD, and to see if there was a correlation between the concentrations of these chemokines, lung function, and numbers of inflammatory cells. Methods: BAL fluid and sputum from non-smokers (n=32), healthy smokers (n=36), and patients with COPD (n=40) were analysed for the presence of GROα and MCP-1 using ELISA. Cells counts were performed on the samples and correlations between the concentrations of these chemokines, lung function, and inflammatory cells observed. Results: Median (SE) GROα and MCP-1 levels were significantly increased in sputum from patients with COPD compared with non-smokers and healthy smokers (GROα: 31 (11) v 2 (2) v 3 (0.8) ng/ml; MCP-1: 0.8 (0.4) v 0.2 (0.1) v 0.1 (0.04) ng/ml, p<0.05), but not in BAL fluid. There were significant negative correlations between both GROα and MCP-1 levels in sputum and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) % predicted (GROα: r=–0.5, p<0.001; MCP-1: r=–0.5, p<0.001), together with significant positive correlations between GROα and MCP-1 and neutrophil numbers in sputum (GROα: r=0.6, p<0.001; MCP-1: r=0.4, p<0.01). Conclusion: These results suggest that GROα and MCP-1 are involved in the migration of inflammatory cells, thus contributing to the inflammatory load associated with COPD.


Introduction In the United States reported cases of chlamydia have increased since reporting began, due in part to increased screening. However, the implication of these trends for the population prevalence remains unclear. We aimed to understand and reconcile the epidemiological trends, and examine counterfactuals. Methods We developed a deterministic heterosexual pair formation model to simulate chlamydia epidemiology in the US heterosexual population aged 15-54y. The pair formation model accounts explicitly for sexual partnership dynamics, such as re-infection within the partnership, and the model is stratified by age, risk and relationship type (long-term v. casual). We used a Bayesian approach to calibrate model parameters (including time-varying screening, reporting and test sensitivity) to age- and sex-specific national case report rates from 2000–2015 (ages 15-54y), lab-measured population prevalence estimates from NHANES 1999–2014 (15-39y), and sexual behaviour data from the Youth Risk Behaviour Survey (15-18y). Results Model estimates were able to reproduce both chlamydia prevalence and reported case rates. Results indicate an increase in chlamydia screening in women. Conclusion This analysis is the first to fit a chlamydia transmission model to national sex- and age- specific prevalence and case report time trends. The results suggest screening would have to achieve a higher coverage, or we should investigate novel strategies to reduce chlamydia prevalence further. This model could be used to investigate the impact of novel prevention interventions, such as improved partner notification strategies and targeted screening programs.


ABSTRACT Academics are increasingly seeking employment abroad. Despite their growing number, there is limited research on how academics secure positions at foreign universities. The literature does indicate however, that academic hiring is not a standardised meritocratic process, but influenced by academic tradition and social capital. Drawing on this perspective, this study explores the role social capital plays among international and local hires at two universities (located in the U.S. and Flanders), that exhibited contrasting approaches towards recruiting foreign talent. At the U.S. university, social capital was used to counterbalance lacking elements in a candidate's curriculum vitae related to their professional experience. At the Flemish university, social capital was used to signal a candidate's compatibility with the ethos of the hiring university or system. The study demonstrates that the role social capital plays is not exclusively determined by nationality but linked to an academic's professional background which signals their insider/outsider status in the system of their employment.


What happens to people's incomes when their or their parents' marital union dissolves? Using data from waves 1-14 (survey years 1991-2004) of the British Household Panel Survey, I show that marital splits are associated with short-term declines in income for separating wives and children relative to separating husbands, but the size of the decline has declined over time markedly for women with children and this most likely reflects the effects of secularly rising employment rates and, related, the introduction of Working Families Tax Credit in 1998. Analysis of income trajectories suggests that in the five years following a marital split, incomes for separating wives recover but not to their previous levels.


Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAVs) are gaining increased importance in a variety of applications, both military and civilian, due to their ability to carry out critical missions with reduced costs and minimal risks to human life. However, a UAV system is essentially a complex distributed system involving multiple heterogeneous software and hardware modules. The seamless integration of such components is one of the key challenges facing UAV systems. Furthermore, developing and maintaining a UAV system is a highly expensive and time consuming process. In this paper we present the framework a novel distributed component-based software framework that facilitates rapid development, seamless integration and run-time maintenance of UAV systems. The framework is composed of four main components: the Mission Planner, the Task Executer, the World Model, and DicoCom. Whereas the first three components facilitate the creation and execution of UAV missions, the latter is a generic component model that constitutes the basis for creating distributed components with different interaction patterns. Furthermore, the framework provides a scripting language, called DicoScript, used for binding the distributed components together and describing high level UAV missions. This paper presents the framework design goals and architecture, elucidates the main framework components and the DicoScript language, and describes the use of the framework to create UAV-based search and rescue application.


OBJECTIVE
This article summarizes the matters warranting consideration in adult cochlear implants before and after operation with different deafness causes and investigates the impact of etiological variables that affect hearing and speech ability rehabilitation after cochlear implantation.

METHOD
We retrospectively reviewed the preoperative data of 30 adults who have received cochlear implantation, switch on, and periodical post operative mapping. 'Nijmegen Cochlear Implant Questionnaire' was used for every patient during follow-up and test their hearing thresholds at one year after switched-on. The average score of every patient in the six aspects of questionnaire, along with the average hearing threshold, has been gathered.

RESULT
The average hearing threshold of every patient is lower than 35 dBHL. The average score of 28 patients is more than or equal to 75 in the basic sound perception, advanced sound perception as well as self-esteem. The average score of 26 patients is more than or equal to 75 in capacity for action. Besides, as for sociability and speech ability, the average score of 22 patients is more than or equal to 75.

CONCLUSION
Auditory perception can be greatly improved regardless of deafness causes, on the premise that appropriate candidate is selected. The primary disease should be brought under control before and after the operation. The influence of various causes to the language ability rehabilitation largely depends on the development of the language center at deafness onset. Self-esteem and social identity can be significantly enhanced after cochlear implantation in adult patients, particularly those with acquired deafness.


ABSTRACT This article examines creative projects amongst second-generation, British Tamil diasporic female musicians (focused on Sri Lankan examples) located within London's Carnatic music scene. Several scholars have suggested that the twentieth-century Indian nationalist project constructed ideals of femininity that positioned women as bearers of tradition during colonial rule to uphold the inner core of Indian culture [Bakrania 2013; Chatterjee 1989], and which were also reflected in the restricted performance and creativity of Carnatic music for female musicians [Subramanian 2006; Weidman 2003]. This article focuses on second-generation musicians, who combine their Carnatic background and 'South Indian' sound with other everyday sounds in Britain. Their creative projects shift from an aesthetic that was responsive to colonialism in India to highlight female creativity and hybridity in decolonising processes. This article presents examples of how cultural expectations of women as bearers of tradition are decentred, repositioning them as creative agents in a transnational diaspora.


AbstractThis paper deals with the ideological aspects of the Irish epic saga Tain Bo Cuailnge´s first two recensions. The two versions, called Recension I and Recension II differ in some aspects and the purpose of this paper is to map out the differences, as well as the similarities. The analytic tool used is Bruce Lincoln's myth theory that myth is ideology in narrative form. Using this tool I hope to give more understanding for the old Irish saga and also the people who wrote it and believed in it. The paper starts off with an introduction in research history in the field of myth and then continues explaining Lincoln's theory and also takes up some of the criticisms against it. This is followed by a closer look at Tain Bo Cuailnge's history, influences and its purpose. After this background the two different versions are presented with some notes on their origin, dating and authorship, and also short reviews of each version. To understand the ideological aspects of the two different recensions, the texts are first analyzed separately. This is followed by a comparative analysis, where the texts' similarities and differences are examined. The paper is concluded in short at the end with conclusions drawn from the proceeding discussion and some last words from me, the author.Keywords: Tain Bo Cuailnge, Bruce Lincoln, ideology, mythology


Abstract Wavelet shrinkage, the method proposed by the seminal work of Donoho and Johnstone is a disarmingly simple and efficient way of denoising data. Shrinking wavelet coefficients was proposed from several optimality criteria. In this article a wavelet shrinkage by coherent Bayesian inference in the wavelet domain is proposed. The methods are tested on standard Donoho-Johnstone test functions.


The Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) is designed to store very large data sets reliably, and to streamthose data sets at high bandwidth to user applications. It is designed to handle large files. Hence, it suffers performance penalty while handling a huge number of small files. Further, it does not consider the correlation between the files to provide prefetching mechanism that is useful to improve access efficiency. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to handle small files in HDFS. The proposed approach combines the correlated files into one single file to reduce the metadata storage on Namenode. We integrate the prefetching and caching mechanisms in the proposed approach to improve access efficiency of small files. Moreover, we analyze the performance of the proposed approach considering file sizes in range 32KB-4096KB. The results show that the proposed approach reduces the metadata storage compared to HDFS. IndexTerms—Hadoop, HDFS, small files, file correlation, prefetching .


In this experiment, electroless plating method was used to obtain the hollow nickel fibres. Polyacrylonitrile fibres with the diameter about 10μm and 3mm length were chosen as the templates of electroless-plating through screening and optimizing various fibres. Low temperature alkaline solution with the sodium hypophosphite as the reducer was adopted and the optimal parameters were determined. Polyacrylonitrile composite fibres with a dense nickel coating about 5~7 μm thickness were obtained. The plated fibres were then sintered in the air to remove the organic templates. It had been found that the sintering temperature had great influences on the formation of the hollow fibres. The Polyacrylonitrile fibres could not be removed completely at low temperature (300°C), and when the temperature increased to 400°C, no organic fibres could be observed from SEM and the hollow nickel oxide fibres with dense wall were obtained. However, when the sintering temperature further increased to 500°C, great changes had been found, the hollow fibres with brittle porous wall were obtained. A dense and uniform hollow nickel fibres with nickel content higher than 90% were finally obtained after the hydrogen reduction treatment at the temperature of 750°C for 2 hours.


Digital color analysis (DCA), utilizing colors themselves or digital information of colors, can not only be applied to various quantitative analysis using chromaticity coordinates but can also be used to develop suitable sensors for visual colorimetry based on the characteristics of human visual perception by virtual simulations based on digital color information. To achieve a clear visual color variation for lithium ion determination, we designed and prepared a color-changeable film sensor (film optode) by the use of two kinds of lipophilic dyes, KD-C4 and KD-M11, whose colors and pKa values are different. This film sensor is a plasticized PVC membrane containing the mixture of two kinds of dyes with the lithium ionophore TTD14C4 and the lipophilic anionic additive tetrakis-[3,5-bis(trisfluoromethyl)phenyl]borate sodium salt dihydrate. The simulation of the color variation using the mixed dyes was evaluated by plotting the values on a uniform chromaticity scale diagram in a*b* coordinates, after converting the tristimulus values of each dye into its L*a*b* values. When the lithium ion concentration was actually determined by the PVC film optode containing the mixed dyes whose molecular ratio of KD-C4/KD-Ml 1 was 3:1, the hues of red --> orange --> yellow --> green --> blue could be realized in the range of 10(-6)-1 M. This observed color variation was similar to the result of the virtual simulation based on DCA.


The legal consequences of the precautionary principle (PP)have been, for several years, the cause of much controversy. We will not go back over these debates which, certainly, would not help clarify the legal indeed, even civilian considerations. To stick to the assigned title, we shall skim through the legal aspects of the PP in an attempt to present developments on the matter, developments which may appear, either very slow and worrying for some, or too fast but just as worrying for others. Rather than reasoning in terms of a swift propagation of the PP or in terms of reservation with regard to its acknowledgement or non acknowledgement, we thought it wiser to present, in concrete terms, the legal considerations of the PP on the part of the different authorities. In doing so, not only do we have in mind the practical confirmation of the PP by the authorities "making" the law, i.e. the "lawmakers", in a general sense, but also the administrative independent authorities and "judges". By standing in favour of the PP, we believe that the report is somewhat discouraging from a national point of view whereas it is more encouraging from a European perspective. The genuine advances in this field are neither French nor international but come from the European community with, yet, a serious reserve.


This article describes queueing systems and queueing networks which are successfully used for performance analysis of different systems such as computer, communications, transportation networks and manufacturing. It incorporates classical Markovian systems with exponential service times and a Poisson arrival process, and queueing systems with individual service. Oscillating queueing systems and queueing systems with Cox and Weibull service time distribution as examples of non-Markovian systems are studied. Jackson's, Kelly's and BCMP networks are also briefly characterized. The model of Fork-Join systems applied to parallel processing analysis and the FES approximation making possible of Fork-Join analysis is also presented. Various types of blocking representing the systems with limited resources are briefly described. In addition, examples of queueing theory applications are given. The application of closed BCMP networks in the health care area and performance evaluation of the information system is presented. In recent years the application of queueing systems and queueing networks to modelling of human performance arouses researchers' interest. Hence, in this paper an architecture called the Queueing Network-Model Human Processor is presented.


For pt.I see ibid., vol.47, no.7, p.2782-92 (2001). In this paper we analyze a multilevel coded modulation system using phase-shift keying (PSK) signaling and transmitting over the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. We reduce the analysis of the overall system to the analysis of each decoding level, considering them as a set of related channels. The concept of a "genie-aided communication system" is introduced to simplify the analysis. A comparison with the conventional coded modulation system, studied in part I of this work, and some results concerning the synthesis and analysis of practical multilevel modulation schemes concludes the paper.


Published in two volumes, the first part of this title covers the orig in, recognition and distinguishing features of the insurance contract and its classification and definition. Also considered is the adjudication of disputes arising from these contracts and the jurisdiction of the Dutch courts in this regard. The second part details the principles of pre-codified Dutch insurance law from general requirements to the termination of insurance contracts. Covered under these are aspects of marine and non-marine insurance; the parties to the insurance contract, including involvement of third parties; the premium; the duration, alteration and control of risk; fraud; types of loss, as well as prevention, notice and proof thereof; the principle of indemnity; co-insurance, double insurance, over-insurance and under-insurance; the insurer's right of recourse; and the doctrine of abandonment.


Renewable energy sources such as hydro, wind and solar energy are taking an increasing share in the electricity mix. However, electricity production from thermal power plants is independent of the weather conditions and is still important as a backup power source to renewable energy sources. Given the fact that the electricity market is open, it is clear that each MWh is important. Therefore, auxiliary power systems as a part of thermal power plants should be also energy efficient. The main aim of the presented research was to investigate the efficient operation of different consumers in the auxiliary power system in the old-dated thermal power plant ''Tuzla'' depending on different power at generator output. The performed analysis identified consumers suitable for electricity efficiency improvement giving results of power savings obtained on modestly available measurements and old-date technical documentation. Following obtained results, some recommendations for improving electricity efficiency were proposed with a rough calculation of possible savings. Measurements of auxiliary power system consumption depending on power at generator output in new thermal power plant ''Stanari'' was presented. Future trends and directions in thermal power plant automation were also discussed.


Organic solar cells (OSCs) have emerged as an attractive strategy to efficiently convert light energy into electricity. In this study, the third component 1-bromo-4-nitrobenzene (C6H4BrNO2) was introduced into the active layer of PTB7-Th:PC71BM to promote exciton separation and speed up electron transfer. A PCE of 8.95% was achieved for polymer solar cells (PSCs) with 15 wt% C6H4BrNO2, which is an 18% enhancement in PCE compared with binary OSCs based on PTB7-Th:PC71BM. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements indicated that the ideal morphology can be formed. The charge generation properties were studied in terms of internal quantum efficiency (IQE) and photocurrent density (Jph), revealing that charge transport was facilitated significantly, which favors higher JSC and FF.


The cabinet of Mariano Judez y Ortiz (1856-1874) in Saragossa was one of the most important photographic studios in Spain of the time. His production was not limited, as in most contemporary cabinets, to exploiting the profitable fashion of the portrait in the «carte de visite» format. He also ventured in with his heavy photographic equipment and his portable laboratory out of the comfort and security of his cabinet to photograph an urban series of views of Saragossa city (ca. 1860) and the natural landscape (waterfalls and gardens) of the disentailed Monasterio de Piedra (1866-1871), also in the same province. The analysis of the works made from his stereoscopic camera will serve to disprove an affirmation that has already been converted into being common place among historians of photography about the presence in most of the first cabinets of multi-objective cameras (4, 6, 8 lenses etc.) as those used by Disderi for the realization of a series of portraits in CDV format. As the works of Judez demonstrate, one of the great virtues of the stereoscopic camera was its versatility. Through its use, it was possible not only to create stereoscopic views, but it was also used to make two consecutive portrait shots in CDV format on the same plate.


The goal of this paper is to introduce a real-world challenge problem for researchers in multiagent systems and beyond, where our collective efforts may have a significant impact on activities in the real-world. The challenge is in applying game theory for security: Our goal is not only to introduce the problem, but also to provide exemplars of initial successes of deployed systems in this challenge problem arena, some key open research challenges and pointers to getting started in this research.


As part of the 175th anniversary celebration of Spartanburg, South Carolina, three local foundations and the United Way agreed to fund a youth leadership project. A University of South Carolina Upstate (USC Upstate) faculty member with expertise in youth development and the coordinator of the Spartanburg Youth Council agreed to develop the project and serve as the project directors. We developed a youth philanthropy project with expected outcomes of positive development, increased awareness of community issues, and greater civic engagement for the youth. A group of eighteen teens participated in the yearlong project. Interactive workshops on topics such as community goals, grant writing, writing the request for proposals and reviewing grants were conducted. At the culmination of the project, the young philanthropists awarded grants totaling $12,000 to eight youth serving organizations. The teens reported many positive developmental experiences and greater awareness of community needs and increased responsibility to their community.


Pathogenic free-living amoebae are common in nature, but few clinical infections by these amoebae have been reported. This has prompted studies of host susceptibility factors in humans. A survey of normal human sera from three New Zealand Health Districts was made; antibodies to pathogenic free-living amoebae were found in all sera, with titers ranging from 1:5 to 1:20 for Naegleria spp. and from 1:20 to 1:80 for Acanthamoeba spp. The antibodies belonged mainly to immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M classes. The presence of a specific neutralizing factor against Acanthamoeba spp. but not Naegleria spp. was demonstrated. Possible protective mechanisms are discussed.


The St. Elias, Alaska, earthquake (magnitude 7.1 M s ) on February 28, 1979, occurred along the complex Pacific–North American plate boundary between Yakutat Bay and Prince William Sound, rupturing only a fraction of the seismic gap identified in that region. To aid in evaluating the potential for, and likely site of, a future earthquake occurring in the remainder of the gap, we have formulated a kinematic model of neotectonic deformation in southern Alaska from available geologic and seismic data. In this model the part of the North American plate bordering on the Gulf of Alaska is divided into three subblocks, which are partially coupled to the Pacific plate. On the basis of the model, the gap-filling rupture or ruptures would most likely be along the north-dipping thrust faults of the Pamplona zone between Icy Bay and the eastern end of the Aleutian Trench. If the accumulated strain of 3.8 m postulated for this region were released suddenly in one event involving the remainder of the gap, the result would be an earthquake as large as magnitude 8.


The purpose of the study was to investigate the occupational participation of homeless people regarding their roles, habits, and contexts. The specific aims of the study were to examine homeless people with regard to their: (a) volition; (b) recurrent patterns, that is, roles and habits, in their everyday lives; (c) capacity in occupational performance areas; and, (d) physical and social environments. The Occupational Circumstances Assessment Interview and Rating Scale Version 4.0 is a semi-structured interview that gathers information about a client concerning various aspects of their lives. The Occupational Circumstances Assessment Interview and Rating Scale Version 4.0 was administered to a convenience sample of 15 adult male participants recruited from a homeless shelter. The scoring of the Occupational Circumstances Assessment Interview and Rating Scale Version 4.0 revealed that only 13.33% of the participants indicated that they were able to facilitate participation in occupation. Fifty percent allowed participation in occupation while 28.89% inhibited participation in occupation. The remainder 7.78% restricted participation in occupation. The results of this study provide information concerning the occupational participation of homeless people. Homeless people may have difficulty facilitating participation in occupations.


In recent years, Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) has implemented by the most of industries. With various barriers to implement GSCM, they couldn't improve performance of the process and products according to the requirements of the environmental regulations. The paper aims to identify and prioritize of barriers GSCM implementation in petrochemical industry. The GSCM barriers are identified by extraction from the literature and interviews with experts. The statistical population includes the personnel in a petrochemical company of South Pars in Persian Gulf. The paper uses Shapiro-Wilk test for the research variables normality check, and structural equations modeling technique for investigation of the relationships between the variables. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to give priorities for the barriers of the GSCM implementation. The identified barriers have significant impact on GSCM implementation. The regulations and laws, competitive market, technological infrastructure, and lack of top management commitment are finally identified the most important barriers on supply chain management implementation.


1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions of 2-(Benzonitrilio)-2-propanide with
4,4-Dimethyl-2-phenyl-2-thiazolin-5-thione and Carbon Disulfide
Irradiation of 2,2-dimethyl-3-phenyl-2H-azirine (11) in the presence of 4,4- dimethyl-2-phenyl-2-thiazolin-5-thione (7) yields a mixture of the three (1:1)-adducts 8, 12 and 13 (Schemes 3 and 6). The formation of 8 and 12 can be explained by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of 2-(benzonitrilio)-2-propanide (1b) to the C, S-double bond of 7. Photochemical isomerization of 12 leads to the third isomer 13 (Schemes 3 and 7). Photolysis of the azirine 11 in the presence of carbon disulfide gives a mixture of two (2:1)-adducts, namely 12 and 13 (Scheme 4). A reaction mechanism via the intermediate formation of the 3-thiazolin-5-thione b is postulated. The structure of the heterocyclic spiro compound 13 has been established by single-crystal X-ray structure determination (cf. Fig. 1 and 2).


1. Incubation of isolated liver cells in a medium containing bicarbonate raises malate concentrations almost sixfold compared with values obtained in a bicarbonate-free phosphate medium. The malate concentration of about 0.3mm in bicarbonate medium is of the same order as the K(m) for malate dehydrogenase. 2. The utilization of ethanol, glyercol and sorbitol was increased by 20-35% in bicarbonate medium. 3. Fluoromalate, a specific inhibitor of malate dehydrogenase and the malate carrier, inhibited or ethanol oxidation by 23%, glycerol uptake by 20% and sorbitol uptake by 42% in bicarbonate medium, but had a much smaller inhibitory action in phosphate medium. In consequence fluoromalate almost abolished the stimulatory effects of bicarbonate on substrate utilization. 4. Difluoro-oxaloacetate, a specific inhibitor of aspartate aminotransferase, had about one-half the inhibitory activity of fluoromalate. The two inhibitors in combination were less effective than fluoromalate by itself. 5. It is concluded that bicarbonate stimulates the utilization of reduced substrates, which are oxidized in the cytoplasmic compartment of the liver cell, by increasing the activity of rate-limiting malate dehydrogenase-dependent intercompartmental hydrogen shuttles. Both malate-oxaloacetate and malate-aspartate systems are involved in these hydrogen-translocation processes.


In this paper, we present a new method based on Optimal Safety Factors (OSF) in the context of the Reliability-Based Design Optimization (RBDO) analysis of ultrasonic motors with traveling wave taking into account the contact between the different components (stator and rotor). We will underline also the different methods of the RBDO analysis and we highlight the advantage of our approach based on OSF. Numerical results are given to illustrate the proposed method.


The analysis of area-level aggregated summary data is common in many disciplines including epidemiology and the social sciences. Typically, Markov random field spatial models have been employed to acknowledge spatial dependence and allow data-driven smoothing. In the context of an irregular set of areas, these models always have an ad hoc element with respect to the definition of a neighborhood scheme. In this article, we exploit recent theoretical and computational advances to carry out modeling at the continuous spatial level, which induces a spatial model for the discrete areas. This approach also allows reconstruction of the continuous underlying surface, but the interpretation of such surfaces is delicate since it depends on the quality, extent and configuration of the observed data. We focus on models based on stochastic partial differential equations. We also consider the interesting case in which the aggregate data are supplemented with point data. We carry out Bayesian inference and, in the language of generalized linear mixed models, if the link is linear, an efficient implementation of the model is available via integrated nested Laplace approximations. For nonlinear links, we present two approaches: a fully Bayesian implementation using a Hamiltonian Monte Carlo algorithm and an empirical Bayes implementation, that is much faster and is based on Laplace approximations. We examine the properties of the approach using simulation, and then apply the model to the classic Scottish lip cancer data.


In XXI century priority problems of industrial hygiene, besides practical solutions concerning health care for workers and general population, would be further fundamental researches on mechanisms underlying human response to occupational factors, their regulation, diagnosis of premorbid conditions, rehabilitation measures.


Emulating Output Queued (OQ) Switch with sustainable implementation cost and low fixed delay is always preferable in designing high performance routers. The Switch-Memory-Switch (SMS) router, also called Distributed Shared Memory (DSM) Switch, provides a possible way towards practically emulating OQ in backbone switches. However, the architectures and algorithms for SMS switches ever proposed are either unpractical or only supporting First-Come-First-Serve (FCFS) scheduling policy, which cannot support QoS and is unfair for light traffic flow. Our improved SMS architecture and algorithm aim at emulating Push-In-First-Out (PIFO) OQ. We employ a randomly-dispatching first stage and resolve memory access conflictions on the second stage of the switch through a probabilistic matching method, at the cost of fixed delay and sufficiently low cell loss probability (PCLP). The relative fixed delay of our algorithms for an NXN switch is composed of two parts: N and (-3/2log2PCLP), which result from the pipelined scheduling process and probabilistic method, respectively. Moreover, both the total memory and fabric bandwidth of our architecture implemented on crossbar could be lowered to only 2NR, where R is line rate, counting read and write separately.


Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) is a method for assessing cause-consequence relations between component faults and hazards that may occur during the lifetime of a system. The analysis is typically time intensive and informal, and for this reason FMEA has been extended with traditional model checking support. Such support does not take into account the probabilities associated with a component fault occurring, yet such information is crucial to developing hazard reduction strategies for a system. In this paper we propose a method for FMEA which makes use of probabilistic fault injection and probabilistic model checking. Based on this approach safety engineers are able to formally identify if a failure mode occurs with a probability higher than its tolerable hazard rate.


This study is pivotal in understanding the segmentation of activities that tourists" are engaged in during their visit to the regions of Southern Karnataka. The study covers the regions of Kodagu, Bengaluru and Mysuru where a survey was conducted in the popular attractions of the destinations to understand the integrities of the activities that  the  tourists  engage  in  during  their  visit  to  the destination. The study conducts a factor analysis on the various activities and arrives at the prospect that there are predominantly five major factors that draw tourists to be engaged  in  the  region  of  South  Karnataka.  The  study contributes to the knowledge that once the activities are gathered it can also be used in the assessment of what activities  to  develop  and  suggest  improvements  to existing  destination  features  to  enhance  the  tourism growth in the region.


New assessment types that include multimodal and digital elements are increasingly being used to assess university students' 'soft skills' such as communication, as well as their science content knowledge. However, very little is known about how or how well such products assess communicative elements, particularly when these elements are so intricately linked with disciplinary knowledge. This paper presents a novel way of looking at these new digital assessments in science. Using semantic density, a concept from the framework of Legitimation Code Theory (LCT) that conceptualises complexity, we consider how to characterise learners' communication of complex science in the digital products. Results show that successful products 'negotiate' complexity in distinct ways and that language and image work together in the products to build meaning. This approach is a 'first step' in characterising discipline-based communication skills through the development of a preliminary conceptual framework that will inform pedagogies and assessment practices surrounding student-generated digital products, in an effort to improve outcomes for science students.


In this thesis we describe the work in literature on various aspects of the theory of polynomials over nite elds. We focus on properties like irreducibility and divisibility. We also consider existence and enumeration problems for irreducible polynomials of special types. After the introductory Chapter 1, we collect the well-known results on irreducibility of binomials and trinomials in Chapter 2, where we also present the number of irreducible factors of a xed degree k of xt due to L. Redei. Chapter 3 is on self-reciprocal polynomials. An in nite family of irreducible, self-reciprocal polynomials over F2 is presented in Section 3.2. This family was obtained by J. L. Yucas and G. L. Mullen. Divisibility of self-reciprocal polynomials over F2 and F3 is studied in Sections 3.3 and 3.4 following the work of R. Kim and W. Koepf. The last chapter aims to give a survey of recent results concerning existence and enumeration of irreducible polynomials with prescribed coefficients.


The use of cesarean section (CS) and oxytocin for labour augmenttion may contribute to increase morbidity and mortality of mothers and newborns. The objective of the study was to evaluate the Criterian Based Audit (CBA) on CS rates and oxytocin use in labouring women. A prospective intervention study by CBA was performed at hospital in Tanzania. Included were  523 labouring women at a gestational age of at least 28 weeks and birth weight ≥1000 g. All data on actual care were compared to criteria for best practice agreed with the staff. Interventions were discussed with the staff followed by a training session. At follow up, data were achieved from 438 women. Performance and outcomes were compared before and after the intervention. The overall CS rate decreased from 46.1 to 38.4% (RR=0.83; CI: 0.72 to 0.97). The use of oxytocin decreased from 76.2 to 47.3% (RR=0.63; CI: 0.45 to 0.85). The study demonstrates suboptimal care in labour monitoring and management, and that CBA resulted in a reduction in CS and use of oxytocin, and suggests that CBA can be used for quality assurance of women's health care.

 Key words: Prolonged labor, low-income country, cesarean section, vacuum extraction, criterion-based audit, oxytocin, partograph.


Retaining its unifying function in creating academic texts, academic writing is undergoing various changes brought about by digitisation. The key trends are related to three aspects of academic writing: formal bibliometrics, principles of collaboration, and interaction with the readers. The first trend concerns the growing importance of identifiers, citation standards, key words and other metadata that underlie the creation of data bases allowing universities and scientific centres to take administrative and organizational decisions. Secondly, information technologies for collaborative writing stimulate the shift from individual authorship to the collective one and from thematic collaboration to the functional distribution of authorship. Finally, academic writing has adopted marketing strategies and instruments in communicating scientific knowledge to the audience. Digitisation has caused the emergence of postproduction in academic writing, i.e. applying Internet resources to enhance the reach of one's academic papers. These trends require a revision of the approach to teaching academic writing and a more profound study of the new phenomena conditioned by the digital era.


Online pipeline management systems provide real-time and look-ahead functionality for production networks. However, they are limited by a dearth of data to inform their predictions. This represents a barrier to a true, high-fidelity 'digital twin' where greater integration with new sensor technologies is needed to bound model predictions and improve their reliability. In this work, we present a novel MEG (Mono-ethylene glycol) sensing system from OneSubsea, the AquaWatcher v2.0, and validate it in our newly-constructed HyJump flowloop.
 The HyJump flowloop has a unique subsea jumper-like geometry, with three low points and two high points and is equipped with a MEG sensor - mounted on the second low point. The sensor features an open-ended microwave frequency probe mounted flush to the pipe wall which measures the apparent permittivities of the liquid phases in the vicinity of the probe tip. It can determine the MEG concentration or water salinity by processing the measured permittivities, and has further shown that it may be able to detect hydrate deposition. Experimental work was performed to test the performance of this novel equipment while enabling a more accurate calculation of the overall mass balance in the flowloop.
 An experimental campaign was conducted where, in each measurement, the jumper low points were loaded with aqueous solutions of MEG at mass fractions between 10 and 30 wt%. The entire loop was then pressurized with Perth city natural gas to 1200 psi. The pipe wall temperature was controlled with a cooling jacket in the range of 25.2 °F to 35.6 °F. These conditions simulate transient shut-down and restart operations with a high probability of hydrate formation. Results illustrate that the MEG content readings measured by the sensor were consistently accurate within a 5% relative deviation with respect to the nominal values. Further, flow restrictions due to hydrate deposition were assessed in their severity through differential pressure measurements, where it was observed that the measured MEG content oscillates significantly during hydrate sloughing-type events.
 The HyJump flowloop facility offers a unique testbed for new subsea sensors, enabling performance evaluations with internal fluids at subsea conditions. The deployment of these novel sensors in the field will both improve the performance of integrated pipeline management solutions and assist operators in optimizing MEG injection dosages to enable higher fidelity hydrate management in subsea pipelines.