Anno 2015, the race for developing the ideal therapy, or what is now called "cure," for hepatitis C virus infection has continued unabatedly. The targets (NS3/4A protease, NS5A protein, and NS5B polymerase) have remained the same, and the number of compounds [direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs)] interacting with these targets has continued to increase. Whereas pan‐genotypic activity has remained a mandatory requirement, the problem of virus drug resistance has become less crucial. The need for combining DAAs acting at different sites has remained compelling, with the drugs used for combinations emanating from the same pharmaceutical company, that is, Gilead (sofosbuvir and ledipasvir) (Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA, USA) (AbbVie, North Chicago, IL, USA), AbbVie (ABT/r, ombitasvir, and dasabuvir), and BMS (Bristol‐Myers Squibb), (New York City, NY, USA) (asunaprevir and daclatasvir) among the leading contenders. At stake is the definitive cure of HCV infection [as reflected by a sustained viral response (SVR) after 12 weeks of treatment]. This SVR is expected to reduce cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, two complications inherently linked to HCV infection. Unlike hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus, HCV infection can be definitely and permanently cured by antiviral therapy because HCV has no long‐term reservoir in the body. Peginterferon combined with ribavirin and even the first‐wave protease inhibitors telaprevir and boceprevir now belong to the milestones that had an important, although historical, role in the final conquest of hepatitis C. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The development of science allows technologies were created to facilitate human life. One of them is sensor. Sensor is allowing humans to monitor the conditions around them with a more detail and accurate, so it can provide better analyzing, and become more alert with the changes that occur in the vicinity or in places that are far away which does not allow human existence. One of its applications is in industry, especially in the industry where there is a steam boiler system that boils some kind of liquid with a high temperature. Wireless Sensor Network was designed using micro controller, a set of sensors, and communication module. The communication media used for data transmission in this research is WiFi with UDP as IP protocol. The result is a sensor field that is capable for monitoring a steam boiler system and giving the warning about the liquid level and the temperature to the monitoring station. This system is also able controlling valve to regulate fluid flow in steam boilers.


Surgical resection for localization-related epilepsy has recently become a generally accepted treatment in children. Evidence of the poor outcome in natural history studies of temporal lobe epilepsy in childhood initiated consideration of surgical intervention. Subsequent favorable outcome following surgery was encouraging. A number of variables differentiate adults with focal seizures from children. Evolving biologic factors modify the clinical and electroencephalographic expression of seizures in childhood. The pathologic substrate is different, and there is a higher incidence of extratemporal epilepsy. Chronic seizures beginning under age 2 years rarely remit, especially when associated with a demonstrable structural lesion. Behavioral consequences of chronic seizures are significant and become a major problem by adolescence if seizures are not controlled. Early surgery results in superior functional outcome, although subtle deficits persist postoperatively. Surgical outcome is as favorable as in adults with improvements in behavioral status and socialization. Abundant data exist to more adequately assess the benefits and risks of surgery in children so that intervention is not deferred longer than it needs to be. (J Child Neurol 1994;9(Suppl):2S36-2S41)


Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) industry shows rapid growth in producing sophisticated UAVs for civilian use in recent years. With the invention of private UAV networks, these UAVs can now be used in a UAV network owned by a single organization or a person. For example, a private UAV network gives the ability for a farmer to monitor the farm from one location or to locate people in a natural disaster-stricken area. The wireless communication paths between UAVs and the ground station in a private UAV network play a vital role in transmitting video to the ground station. It is also necessary that the control signals are sent over the private UAV network to the UAVs to control their movements. Since the control signals cannot be delayed and videos received at the ground station should be of high quality, separate channels should be created for user data and control data traffic. In this paper, we present a channel allocation approach for private UAV networks to transfer control data as well as user data. For high quality video transmission, we recommend bonding of basic video channels. This new channelization also avoids congestion and packet drop issues of video and control data traffic in private UAV networks.


An earthquake of M 6.1 occurred on 3 September 1998, along an active fault at the southwestern foot of Mt. Iwate, a volcano in northeastern Japan. Acceleration records of this earthquake were obtained at seven stations within 40 km of the epicenter. In order to investigate the source process of this earthquake in a broad frequency range, we simultaneously conducted inversion analyses of low-frequency seismic waveforms and high-frequency seismogram envelopes. First, executing the envelope inversion by using the envelope Green function derived from the radiative-transfer theory in the high-frequency band of 2-16 Hz, we estimated the spatial distribution of seismic-wave energy radiation on the fault plane of 10 km × 10 km. We found that seismic-wave energy was strongly radiated from the southwestern deeper part of the fault plane. By using data from the same stations and using the same fault geometry as the high-frequency analysis, we applied a waveform-inversion method to three-component displacement records in the low-frequency band of 0.1-0.33 Hz. This result showed that seismic moment was mainly released at the shallow part of the fault. Comparing these results, we found that high-frequency energy was strongly radiated from the deepest periphery of the region, where seismic moment was mainly released. This result implies that the radiation of high-frequency energy was associated with the arrest of rupture for this earthquake.

Manuscript received 21 April 2001.


Abstract Most people, including those who live there, regard Kansas as a seismically quiet place. Until a couple of years ago, hardly anyone I met from Kansas had felt an earthquake that had originated within the state. That all changed about 18 months ago. In the fall of 2013, the state experienced several events, reported by the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) and Oklahoma Geological Survey (OGS), including a magnitude 4.2 earthquake in December 2013. In 2014, the USGS National Earthquake Information Center reported more than 100 events with epicenters inside Kansas. The largest was a magnitude 4.9 in November 2014.


Abstract Purpose Ward rounds play a crucial role in the delivery of patient care in inpatient settings, but involve a complex mix of tasks, skills and challenges for junior doctors to negotiate. This study informs the development of high-quality training by identifying the activities that junior doctors perform, and those associated with stress during real-life ward rounds. Materials and methods All activities performed by FY1 doctors (n = 60) over 2 ward rounds were coded in real-time by a trained observer using the work observation method by activity timing (WOMBAT). Doctors' heart rate was continuously recorded and non-metabolic peaks in heart rate used as a physiological indicator of stress. Results During ward rounds, FY1 doctors commonly engaged in indirect patient care, professional communication, documentation and observation. Very little time was spent on direct patient care (6%) or explicit supervision/education (0.01%). Heart rate data indicated that stress was highest during administrative tasks while interacting directly with patients while stepping out of rounds to complete personal tasks, when answering bleeps and while multi-tasking. Conclusions Training that specifically covers the activities involved, skills required, and challenges inherent in real-life ward rounds may better prepare FY doctors for this complex area of practice.


Numerical simulations are performed to study the process of flame propagation through a small orifice and transition to detonation in a confined pre-chamber/main-chamber system. The numerical model solves the fully compressible Navier-Stokes equations by a high-order numerical algorithm on a dynamically adapting mesh, coupled with a single-step chemical-diffusive model for a stoichiometric ethylene-oxygen mixture. Four successive stages, namely laminar flame propagation, jet flame formation, flame distortion by shock waves, and transition to detonation, are observed. Parametric studies with varying nozzle diameters and initial temperatures are tested to investigate the effect of nozzle size and the stochasticity of deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT). The results suggest that the case with a smaller nozzle size, d = 1.5 mm, requires a longer time for the flame to evolve and transition into a detonation. A small change in the initial temperature results in clear fluctuations of flame surface length in the turbulent flame regime. In addition, the case with the smaller orifice size is shown to be more sensitive to the initial temperature. Due to the stochastic nature of DDT, the time and location for detonation initiation vary in all cases. Nevertheless, the detonation mechanism remains the same and is independent of the small variations in the initial temperature or the orifice size.


ABSTRACT Lucrezi, S. and Saayman, M., 2015. Beachgoers' demands vs. Blue Flag aims in South Africa. The Blue Flag is a beach award aimed to preserve features of the beach environment. While it is assumed that the Blue Flag attracts tourism, this depends on factors such as the socio-demographic background of beachgoers, their perception of beach attributes, and their knowledge and perception of the Blue Flag. This research used structural equation modeling (SEM) to investigate relationships between perceived beach attributes (beach selection criteria, deterrent factors of the beach, and beach quality rating) and beachgoers' knowledge and perception of the Blue Flag award on three Blue Flag and three non-Blue Flag beaches in South Africa. A single statistically significant relationship emerged between beach quality rating and evaluation (both positive and negative views, which are not necessarily mutually exclusive) of the Blue Flag award by beachgoers. The data highlight the importance of generating bottom-up information to assist potential, occasional, and running Blue Flag managers in South Africa, particularly in regard to proper education and promotion of the Blue Flag award.


Background: This study presents the epidemiological data and clinico-pathological features of oral cancer in patients treated in Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Oncology Department over the last 7 years.
Methods: We reviewed all available data in our electronic and paper files for patients who had a confirmed pathology diagnosis of oral cavity malignancies between the years 2009-2015.
Results: We had a total of 87 patients with pathological confirmed oral cancer. The majority of patients were males (Male:Female=1.63:1). Median age at diagnosis was 62 years (24-95). History related to risk factors was completed in only 59 patients (68%). Forty-five patients (76%) have a positive history for tobacco usage either smoking and/or chewing (shamma). The use of shamma, (a mixture of powdered tobacco, lime, ash, black pepper, oils and flavorings), was confirmed in 31/59 patients (either alone or associated with smoking). Oral Tongue as a primary site represents about half of the patients 44(50.6%), followed by alveolar ridge (16.1%) and floor of mouth (11.5%), buccal mucosa (10.3%) and other sites (11.5%). Two thirds of patients (66.6%) presented with advanced stages (III and IV). The estimated 5-year overall survival rates were 77.1% for the early stage disease group and 45.9% for the advanced stage disease group (P=0.028). The 5-year progression-free survival rates were 65.6% for the early stage disease group compared with 28.1% for the advanced stage disease group (P=0.02).
Conclusions: Most of our cases have a positive history of tobacco usage. This together with the high percentage of advanced diseases that carried a significantly poor outcome warrant the need for effective anti-tobacco campaigns, public awareness and primary care physicians education for early detection of disease.


Soil biota are critical to terrestrial ecosystem functioning. Plant and soil communities are engaged in dynamic interactions, however, plant species richness is declining worldwide and little is known about what this means for soil biodiversity. In this thesis, I investigated the relative impact of plant community changes (plant species richness and functional group identity) on soil microbial communities compared to abiotic factors. I showed that soil abiotic properties within the same field alter community composition of bacteria, mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal fungi, protists, and archaea more strongly than plant species richness or plant functional group identity. Among the abiotic factors measured, soil texture (the proportions of sand, silt, and clay) explained most of the variation in community composition of all the microbial groups analysed. I also showed that minor variation near neutral soil pH does not have a substantial impact on microbial community composition. Despite the considerable impact of abiotic soil properties, I found that the richness of fungi in the bulk soil, root-associated fungi and root-associated fungal saprophytes increased with plant species richness. However, I found no such response of fungal plant pathogens, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), bacteria, protists, or nematodes with respect to plant species richness. In contrast, plant functional group identity altered richness and abundance of soil biota with marked difference between plant communities with and without legumes. The community composition of fungi in soil and roots, as well as of nematodes in soil correlated with the percentage cover of grasses and forbs. In a next step, I aimed to separate effects of plant species richness from those of plant traits on the community composition of soil organisms. I found that the community weighted mean of specific morphology and development-related plant traits explained more variation in soil community composition than plant functional group or plant species richness. For the group of soil biota examined, I show that compositional changes in the plant community have the strongest effect on the richness and abundance on fungal communities, a smaller effect on nematode communities, and the least effect on bacterial communities. I examined which microbial and nematode groups of the soil food web were most sensitive to changes in plant community composition. I found that plant trait composition affected the abundance of soil microbes and nematodes from the green pathway (living plant-based) in the soil foodweb more than from the brown pathway (dead plant-based) of the soil foodweb. In addition, differences in plant trait composition had the strongest impact on the abundance of lowest trophic position organisms in the soil food web. In the last part of my thesis, I tested the functional consequences of plant seedlings being linked to the mycorrhizal network in soil. In contrast to the original expectations, my results show that established mycorrhizal networks did not promote the performance of seedlings. Instead, I found biomass reduction of seedlings that were connected to a mycorrhizal network and this was independent of successional stage, plant functional group identity and previously reported negative or positive plant-soil feedback interactions. In addition, increased levels of AMF colonisation correlated with decreased seedling performance.


This project promotes a dialogue between contemporary art, cinema and design, seeking to develop an audiovisual project using limited resources in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study starts from a creative process focused on a poetics materialized through masks designed in the form of sculptures and installations that are transmuted into three-dimensional performance elements, composing costumes and scenarios suitable for creative exploration in the scope of photography and audiovisual production. The narratives and aesthetics are designed with light and shadow effects, emptiness and filling, space and non-space concepts. The social isolation caused by the new Coronavirus is personified through sensations and experiences of color, light and darkness, creating a ritualistic atmosphere of transformation of the self, starting from the principles of belief and faith, in addition to a cycle of learning and unveiling in an obscure environment. The methodology used was based on design thinking strategies, interviews with creators and potential consumers, scriptwriting, scale, costume development, photomontages and prototyping of the proposed audiovisual product. Making a creative proposal during the social isolation proved to be a methodological, managerial, financial, technical and mental challenge, in view of the overload of activities for the team members and the difficulties generated by remote work, with decision-making that is often time-consuming and dense. This study is relevant for creators, producers, designers and visual artists interested in producing audiovisual products with a strong creative appeal and at the same time with limited resources, using methodologies focused on


More than 90% of the cases of Parkinson's disease have unknown etiology. Gradual loss of dopaminergic neurons of substantia nigra is the main cause of morbidity in this disease. External factors such as environmental toxins are believed to play a role in the cell loss, although the cause of the selective vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons remains unknown. We have previously shown that aquaglyceroporin AQP9 is expressed in dopaminergic neurons and astrocytes of rodent brain. AQP9 is permeable to a broad spectrum of substrates including purines, pyrimidines, and lactate, in addition to water and glycerol. Here we test our hypothesis that AQP9 serves as an influx route for exogenous toxins and, hence, may contribute to the selective vulnerability of nigral dopaminergic (tyrosine hydroxylase-positive) neurons. Using Xenopus oocytes injected with Aqp9 cRNA, we show that AQP9 is permeable to the parkinsonogenic toxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+). Stable expression of AQP9 in HEK cells increases their vulnerability to MPP+ and to arsenite—another parkinsonogenic toxin. Conversely, targeted deletion of Aqp9 in mice protects nigral dopaminergic neurons against MPP+ toxicity. A protective effect of Aqp9 deletion was demonstrated in organotypic slice cultures of mouse midbrain exposed to MPP+ in vitro and in mice subjected to intrastriatal injections of MPP+ in vivo. Seven days after intrastriatal MPP+ injections, the population of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells in substantia nigra is reduced by 48% in Aqp9 knockout mice compared with 67% in WT littermates. Our results show that AQP9 –selectively expressed in catecholaminergic neurons—is permeable to MPP+ and suggest that this aquaglyceroporin contributes to the selective vulnerability of nigral dopaminergic neurons by providing an entry route for parkinsonogenic toxins. To our knowledge this is the first evidence implicating a toxin permeable membrane channel in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease.


Background : Survival of colorectal cancer in Indonesia is thought to be shorter due to to several factors, among these: ethnic, nutritional, and the low affordability factors. Aim of this study to assess and evaluate survival in advanced colorectal cancer when given the best drugs available as recommended by international guidelines. Method : A historical cohort study was done in patients with advanced colon or rectal cancer between 2008 and 2010 at Medistra Hospital. Cases were retrieved from medical record data. Subjects were included if they were diagnosed or had a relapse of their disease during the study period and were followed until they died or lost to follow-up. Staging procedure was done using the tumor node metastasis (TNM) system. All patients received the combination of 5-uorouracil (5-FU)/leucovorin (LV), oxaliplatin for 6 cycles (FOLFOX4) as the standard  rst-line regimen for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) in Indonesia. Oral capecitabine and targeted therapy such as bevacizumab and cetuximab might were also given, whenever indicated. Results : Nineteen patients (48.7%) died during the study period, while the rest were alive or lost to follow-up. The median overall survival of patients was 18 months (95% CI = 6.98 – 29.02 months). The longest survival was 76 months (the patient is still alive when this manuscript was being prepared). Patients with colon cancer tended to live longer than rectal cancer, i.e. 21 vs. 15 months; log-rank p = 0.147. There was no signi cant difference of survival between patients with stage IV disease and relapse cases, i.e. 18 vs. 12 months, log-rank p = 0.807. Conclusion : With proper treatment and access to cytostatics and biologicals, advanced colorectal cancer among Indonesian patients have the same survival rates as patients in more developed countries as reported in the literature. Keywords : advanced colorectal cancer, chemotherapy, survival


Summary 1. The EU 'Nitrates Directive' (Directive 91 ⁄ 676 ⁄ EEC) and the WFD (Water Framework Directive 2000 ⁄ 60 ⁄ EEC) introduced a series of measures designed to reduce and prevent water pollution caused or induced by nitrates from agricultural sources. Therefore, there is an urgent requirement to control the nitrate concentration in freshwater. The objective of this paper was to verify the potential capacity of a specifically designed afforested riparian zone in removing the excess of nitrogen from river water. 2. A buffer zone was set with irrigation ditches, to produce a subsurface water flow carrying water from the study river through the buffer strip to drainage ditches. This experimental system enables the co-occurrence of two main processes: vegetation ⁄ microbial nitrogen uptake and denitrification. Both in situ denitrification and denitrification potential were measured at different soil depths, and nitrogen removal of water passing through the buffer system was measured. 3. After the first year, high removal rates (63–64%) of total nitrogen in water were recorded. The lowest rate of denitrification took place in the upper soil layer, while maximum denitrification occurred in the medium layer (40–55 cm). Denitrification occurred mainly in the first few metres of the irrigation ditches leading away from the river. The denitrification rates clearly increased from the second to the third year, with highest rates in summer and autumn. Denitrification potential indicated that carbon availability was the most limiting factor. 4. Synthesis and applications. This study has demonstrated that nitrogen levels can be reduced in rivers by forcing water to circulate through afforested buffers. Nitrogen was removed both by plants and by microbial denitrification. Such activity can be supported by promoting anoxic conditions through appropriate water flow management. This could be achieved by creating semi-natural floodplains where water flows can be efficiently managed as in a drained wetland.


As geomorphology is the study of the surface of the Earth, its form, evolution and the processes that sculpture it, so applied geomorphology can be defined as the application of this knowledge in the resolution of engineering, planning and environmental/resource management problems. It is a rapidly expanding and diverse field of enquiry and one that would be extremely difficult to adequately describe within the confines of a slim volume. It is not surprising, therefore, that the editors, in their preface, state that the purpose of the book "is not to codify a distinct set of methods and data that represent a branch of knowledge called 'applied geomorphology'. Rather it is designed to show geomorphology as it is (and can be) applied to current problems facing the people of the world". This they attempt to achieve by means of 16 contributions written by 33 authors, all but two from the USA, which represent the proceedings of the 11th Binghampton Geomorphology Symposium held in October 1980 at Kent State University, Ohio. Published anthologies of conference papers are notoriously variable in terms of quality and coverage, and this is no exception. The book has no real structure, although the early papers do tend to focus on mapping and cataloguing, while the later papers deal with aspects of change. A general introductory chapter focuses on the need for more information on the rates of operation of geomorphological processes for environmental management purposes, and is followed by a descriptive paper which discusses the role of


We introduce Negative Sampling in Semi-Supervised Learning (NS3L), a simple, fast, easy to tune algorithm for semi-supervised learning (SSL). NS3L is motivated by the success of negative sampling/contrastive estimation. We demonstrate that adding the NS3L loss to state-of-the-art SSL algorithms, such as the Virtual Adversarial Training (VAT), significantly improves upon vanilla VAT and its variant, VAT with Entropy Minimization. By adding the NS3L loss to MixMatch, the current state-of-the-art approach on semi-supervised tasks, we observe significant improvements over vanilla MixMatch. We conduct extensive experiments on the CIFAR10, CIFAR100, SVHN and STL10 benchmark datasets.


Researchers in urban planning are frequently motivated by the desire to facilitate positive social change. In seeking better ways to effect change, the researcher becomes an activist by engaging with social and environmental issues in a meaningful way to solve a problem. It is also often at this nexus where practice and academia meet, where the researcher adopts an activist role. In this paper we argue that activist research requires researchers to place themselves in one of two dominant positionalities or engagement positions: the insider or the outsider, as they join efforts with their research participants and activities. Using four case examples from our own research, we discuss how each positionality influences the production of new knowledge in both practice and theory. We reflect on challenges faced by early-career activist researchers in adopting activist research approaches, highlighting implications for undertaking this type of research in urban planning, and the need for a rethink from current discourses to set a path for a more hopeful future.


In mental health care, clinicians' treatment decisions are expected to be based on the formulation (i.e., exploration of the causing and maintaining mechanisms) of the client's problems. Previous research showed two things: clinicians' case formulations mainly contain descriptive information instead of explanatory information and it is unclear to what extent treatment decisions are actually based on case formulations. In this study, we tested whether the complexity of client problems influences case formulation quality and we investigated to what extent case formulations explain treatment decisions for simple and complex client problems. Results show that case formulations for complex problems were of lower quality than those for simple problems. Also, we found that case formulations are only weakly associated with treatment decisions, for both types of problems. We conclude that clinicians give higher quality case formulations when these may be least needed, that is: for simple cases, for which an empirically supported treatment is available. Clinicians appear to base treatment decisions on descriptions of overt client symptoms rather than on case formulations.


A six-coordinated 3D metal–organic framework (MOF), [ZnK(tatab)(CH3OH)]·3DMF·4.5CH3OH (JLNU-2, JLNU = Jilin Normal University, H3tatab = 4,4′,4′′-((1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyl)tris(azanediyl)) tribenzoic acid, DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide), has been purposefully constructed by combining the N-donor ligand H3tatab with aromatic π rings and d10 configuration metal Zn(II) nitrate under solvothermal conditions. The crystal structure reveals that JLNU-2 consists of a dual-aerial-octahedral trinuclear potassium cluster and zinc building units with N–H⋯O hydrogen bonding, which are further bridged by N-donor multicarboxylate ligands to produce a (3,6)-connected topological net in an interesting hot-wheel state. The special hydrogen bonding strongly promotes the molecular luminescence sensitivity. The experimental results show that JLNU-2 exhibits outstanding fluorescence quenching properties via an electron transfer mechanism from the electron-rich framework to the electron-withdrawing group of nitrobenzene. The fluorescence was quenched completely in the presence of 130 ppm of nitrobenzene. After 8 cycles, the quenching efficiency was maintained at 88.9%. As a result, the MOF material is extremely well qualified to be a fluorescence sensor for the detection of nitrobenzene owing to its supreme selectivity, sensitivity, anti-interference ability and recyclability.


Vermilion irregularities are common secondary deformities after cleft lip repair. Particularly severe In bilateral clefts, vermilion deficiency attracts considerable attention and detracts from an otherwise excellent lip repair. Minor and moderate vermilion deficits can be corrected with upper lip advancement, rotation flaps, tongue flaps, or grafts. Major defects defy correction with local flaps, because of an absolute shortage of upper-lip tissue. A technique Is described for correction of large absolute tissue deficits of the upper-lip vermilion using a bipedicled lower to upper cross-lip visor flap. A lower lip wet vermilion/mucosal flap is based bilaterally near the commissures on the coronary arteries and transferred to a releasing incision at the wet/dry vermilion border of the upper lip. The commissural pedicles are divided and inset at a second stage 10 days later to complete the transfer. The procedure provides ample bulk and lining for major upper-lip vermilion augmentation and tubercle reconstruction without disturbing the obicularis oris muscular oral sphincter. In addition it balances the lips and allows for feeding. The technique is illustrated In two patients with major upper-lip vermilion defects after repair of bilateral cleft lips.


Given the anticipated negative impact of Brexit on the U.K. economy, it might be expected that self-employed individuals would have favoured remaining in the European Union. However, the self-employed are also more likely to have certain demographic characteristics that are associated with voting leave in the 2016 referendum. We investigate such potentially offsetting influences using nationally representative survey data and find that self-employed men were more, and women less, likely to be leave voters compared to the paid-employed. The differences were statistically significant for men but a Gelbach decomposition reveals that they can largely be explained by characteristics, specifically age and education. Our findings, especially for self-employed men, are discussed within the context of the important economic consequences that Brexit continues to have on small businesses in the United Kingdom as well as the need for further evidence on the voting behaviour of the self-employed.


This study aims to evaluate the performance of the implementation of the Tanjungpinang City Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) program. The method used in this study is a qualitative approach and type of descriptive research by presenting scientifically from the results obtained from the field through observation, interview and documentation techniques. There were 8 informants in the study. The location of this research is in Tanjungpinang City which is the operational area of BRT. Data analysis techniques in this study are data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results of this study, namely the BRT program which has been running for approximately 7 months, has been running quite well and the program objectives have been achieved gradually, but there are some problems that have to be addressed, namely the lack of passengers from the community. know that BRT is public transportation and also due to the lack of socialization carried out only through the media, for the addition of BRT route routes that do not pass through the city route due to collision with the existing City transportation, the community is more crowded in the city area, and the last problem is delays in the disbursement of BRT's operational funds that become a barrier to the operation of the BRT, which requires costs for fuel and service per day.


In the past decade, there has been an increasing interest shown by the Government and Local Authorities in issues concerning the implementation of new technologies and means of communication in the public administration. Several operations have been moved online, including some significant purchasing functions and procedures. Electronic procurement, or e-procurement, indicates the use of electronic tools or practices during each stage of the purchasing process. E-procurement is seen as a powerful instrument to achieve efficiency and cash savings. While e-procurement helps public sector bodies to achieve their budget targets, it also increases the level of competition among public sector suppliers. This may influence the level of economic activity generated at local levels and potentially reduce the level of business provided to local firms. In the worst case, this situation could produce a knock-on effect especially in peripheral and remote areas, where the public sector is often the major purchaser. This paper focuses on the significance of e-procuring and e-tendering practices among Local Authorities in Cumbria, North-West England. The paper explores how the tendency to use e-procurement may vary among public sector suppliers with regard to business characteristics such as size, headquarter location and sector of activities. In addition, the author investigates the suppliers' ability to deal with e-procurement practices and procedure, and examines how e-buying and e-tendering in the public sector affects Local Authorities' patterns of spend.


Finding the optimal repowering strategies for offshore wind turbines is a major issue within the wind industry worldwide. This paper deals with series, parallel and series-parallel systems that each component has several versions available in the market. We present a model for finding the best topology and optimal time for repowering systems based on cost and availability functions. An application on offshore wind turbine systems as a series-parallel system is given.


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Botanist Thomas Nuttall called the royal catchfly, Silene regia, "one of the most splendid species in existence." This red-flowered, hummingbird-pollinated member of the Caryophyllaceae is a perennial herb of prairies and glades. Because of the conversion of much of its fonner habitat to agriculture, the royal ca\Chfly is considered threatened in Indiana. The species' historical and present-day distribution in the State, documenting the current status of all known locations, including population sizes and co-occurring species, are reported in this paper. Only 8 of the documented 23 historical locations still support the plant. No populations occur in dedicated nature preserves or other protected areas. However, the Division of Nature Preserves of the Indiana Department of Natural Resources does manage the site containing the largest and most genetically variable population in the State. Active management to promote prairie vegetation at the site may be the key to maintaining this high-quality population.


Tons of plastic waste pile up in our oceans by the minute. This paper discusses a jewellery design project where anthropogenic debris takes centre stage. The project investigates how marine plastic trash literally may be turned into treasures through approaches that transverse design, craft and communication design. The main design material are plastic pieces selected from the shores of Norwegian fiords. Each piece of plastic selected for jewellery is treated as precious. Care is thus a concept that frames this jewellery design project as it both connects to the micro and macro perspectives on plastic. The jewellery is relating aesthetic exploration of tiny fragments of marine plastic waste to global issues of plastic (mis)use – and management. These tiny objects carry histories of our recent past, as well as the story of the earth yet to be written. Caring for these tiny fragments of human presence in nature is thus a material and embodied means for expressing the urgent need for taking better care of the ocean.


Climate change impact assessment requires farming systems analysis and integrated assessment. However, multiple models can be used to assess changes in drivers. In addition, farms are complex systems and many assumptions need to be made regarding objectives and constraints. Here, we evaluate the impact of different models and assumptions on impacts of climate change on arable agriculture in Flevoland, the Netherlands. We performed three studies. Firstly, we used the crop model WOFOST, market model CAPRI, and bio-economic farm model FSSIM. Secondly, we used the crop model SIMPLACE, an adapted version of CAPRI, and a different set up of FSSIM. Thirdly, we used the crop model WOFOST, estimates of impacts of extreme events by the Agro Climate Calender, and the bio-economic farm model FarmDesign. In general, climate change is projected to have positive impacts. The first two studies however showed that impacts of technology and price changes are larger. But while changes in gross margins are more influenced by results from crop and market models, changes in farm plans are more influenced by assumptions regarding resources and constraints. Assumptions regarding the available land for rent largely influence results. The third study showed that when policy constraints are neglected, impacts on gross margin are more positive. Positive impacts of average climate change may however be counterbalanced by negative impacts of extreme events, but adaptation measures are available. When considering soil quality as important objective, adaptation at farm level will be different: instead of more potato or sugar beet, farms will grow more wheat. We conclude that climate change impacts depend on assumptions, but when making this transparent, it can inform adaptation.


This paper introduces a new Negotiating Agent for automated negotiation on continuous domains and without considering a specified deadline. The agent bidding strategy relies on Monte Carlo Tree Search, which is a trendy method since it has been used with success on games with high branching factor such as Go. It uses two opponent modeling techniques for its bidding strategy and its utility: Gaussian process regression and Bayesian learning. Evaluation is done by confronting the existing agents that are able to negotiate in such context: Random Walker, Tit-for-tat and Nice Tit-for-Tat. None of those agents succeeds in beating our agent; moreover the modular and adaptive nature of our approach is a huge advantage when it comes to optimize it in specific applicative contexts.


Creating any workable materials construct for any viable applications using carbon or any other nanotubes would invariable involve dispersion of the nanotube in either twodimensional spatial mesh or three-dimensional volumetric space. These dispersed nanotubes invariably are interconnected via overlap or junctions. It is known that the atomic configuration of these nanotube junctions critically influence the bulk properties (structural, thermal, electrical, dielectric). Thus, it is extremely important to pay a close attention to how optimally these junctions can be formed to attain the desirable properties. In all practical situations, experimentally synthesized junctions (either single CNT junctions or junctions in 2D and 3D CNT network structures) are expected to have random orientation of defect sites (non-hexagonal rings) around the junction. Such random nature of junctions' topology and defect characteristics is expected to affect their strength and durability as well as have impact on associated mesoscopic and macroscopic properties. In this work, we present a generic framework on creating junctions between CNTs with arbitrary spatial (orientation and degree of overlap) and intrinsic (chirality) specifications, as well as to tune degree of topological defects around the junction via a variety of defect annihilation approaches. Our method makes use of the primal/dual meshing concept where the development and manipulation of the junction nodes occur using a triangular meshes (primal mesh), which is eventually converted to its dual (honeycomb mesh) to render a fully-covalently bonded CNT junction where each carbon atom has 3 bonded neighbors (mimicking sp¬2 hybridization). This design approach offers an opportunity to investigate the effect of topological arrangement of defects around the junction on mechanical, electrical and thermal properties. In addition, this junction design methodology is applied to a CNT-graphene junction and to study the effect of local carbon defects (pentagonal or heptagonal carbon ring versus the hexagonal) on junction strength. It is observed that a symmetrical distribution of carbon ring defects around the CNT-graphene junction yield higher strength that that of irregular defect distribution.


Particle boards were produced from different types of wood particles, i.e. spruce, recovered particles, willow, poplar, and locust. Effects of raw material, as well as varying resin content on mechanical and fracture mechanical properties were investigated. For the analysis of mechanical properties, specific fracture energy, stress intensity factors, and the industrial European standard methods internal bond strength according to EN 319 and bending strength according to EN 310 were used. The total fracture energy was measured, and the stress intensity factor was calculated by means of data achieved through finite element simulations. Results of the fracture energy analysis were compared to internal bond strength (IB) and bending strength. While IB and the modulus of elasticity (MOE) showed a high variability, data scattering for fracture energy tests and modulus of rupture (MOR) were smaller, which are due to significant differences between the resin contents of the various board types.


PURPOSE
To evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) to zirconia ceramics using different associations of primers and resin cements.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Two blocks of LAVA zirconia (3Y-TZP) were randomly submitted to an application of three different commercially available primers: Alloy Primer (AP), Z-Prime Plus (ZP), and Signum Zirconia Bond (SZB). Nonprimed specimens were considered controls. After treatment, the 80 specimens (5 mm × 5 mm × 2 mm) were randomly cemented with one of the resin cements: Panavia F, Multilink, seT, and NX3. For cementation, cylinders of resin cement were built on the ceramic surfaces using the SDI SBS apparatus. The specimens were submitted to the SBS test. Fractured surfaces were observed under stereomicroscopy to determine the failure mode, and mean bond strength values were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (α = 0.05).

RESULTS
Signum Zirconia Bond had the highest SBS compared to all other primers and the control group, regardless of the resin cement used. The highest values were obtained when associating Panavia F with Signum Zirconia Bond. Alloy Primer increased bonding values when associated with seT cement only. When no primer was used, no statistical difference was observed among resin cements. All specimens fractured due to adhesive failure.

CONCLUSION
Signum Zirconia Bond is capable of increasing bonding values of resin cements to zirconia ceramics. Its association with Panavia F shows enhanced results when considering short-term adhesion to zirconia.


Brevard S. Childs, Sterling Professor of Divinity at Yale University, is one of today's most respected and influential biblical scholars. Produced in honor of Childs's published work and classroom presence over the past forty years, this new volume engages in constructive ways aspects of Childs's thought while remaining faithful to the comprehensive vision of biblical and theological studies that he has never ceased to outline, illustrate, and defend in his many books and articles. Written by eighteen students, colleagues, and friends from a broad range of disciplines, the essays included here explore the canonical method of interpretation so fundamental to Childs's work and apply this method to readings of specific passages from the Old and New Testaments.


Timely review of patient data with close to real-time feedback is a critical success factor in today's disease management. This paper introduces eHit Health Gateway, an effective and secure tool to wirelessly transfer data from different measurement devices to the health care service provider by using a mobile platform. The system consists of a mobile platform, which collects the information from the measuring devices, and a server platform, which receives the collected data and forwards them to the existing Information System. The mobile platform can be used on most different devices such as mobile phones, smart phones and Personal Digital Assistants (PDA). An overview of the system functionality is followed by some important notes about security and privacy and by three reference cases illustrating the functionality of the system in different disease management environments. The paper also briefly points out some economical aspects to be considered when evaluating the use of telemedicine solutions.


Women remain underrepresented within academic medicine despite past and present efforts to promote gender equity. The authors discuss how the COVID-19 pandemic could stymie progress toward gender parity within the biomedical workforce and limit the retention and advancement of women in science and medicine. Women faculty face distinct challenges as they navigate the impact of shelter-in-place and social distancing on work and home life. An unequal division of household labor and family care between men and women means women faculty are vulnerable to inequities that may develop in the workplace as they strive to maintain academic productivity and professional development without adequate assistance with domestic tasks and family care. Emerging data suggest that gender differences in academic productivity may be forthcoming as a direct result of the pandemic. Existing gender inequities in professional visibility, networking, and collaboration may be exacerbated as activities transition from in-person to virtual environments and create new barriers to advancement. Meanwhile, initiatives designed to promote gender equity within academic medicine may lose key funding due to the economic impact of COVID-19 on higher education. To ensure that the gender gap within academic medicine does not widen, the authors call upon academic leaders and the broader biomedical community to support women faculty through deliberate actions that promote gender equity, diversity, and inclusion. The authors provide several recommendations, including faculty needs assessments; review of gender bias within tenure-clock–extension offers; more opportunities for mentorship, sponsorship, and professional recognition; and financial commitments to support equity initiatives. Leadership for these efforts should be at the institutional and departmental levels, and leaders should ensure a gender balance on task forces and committees to avoid overburdening women faculty with additional service work. Together, these strategies will contribute to the development of a more equitable workforce capable of transformative medical discovery and care.


Description This study is a quantitative investigation of a large corpus of 16th-century Slovak administrative-legal texts that analyzes the degree of morphological normalization in early vernacular writing in the Slovak lands (prior to the codification of standard Slovak in the 18th and 19th centuries). Nine key morphological features are examined, and the patterns of normalization observed are assessed to determine their geographical scope and possible linguistic basis. Accompanying the morphological investigation is a theoretical and methodological discussion and application of Diglossia as a sociolinguistic framework for interpretation of the interaction of written Czech and Slovak in precodification Slovakia. This book thus provides both new empirical data on the language of 16th-century Slovak texts, as well as a conceptual model for sociolinguistic interpretation of the early developmental stages of vernacular writing in Slovakia.


Introduction: Caesarean section is one the most common gynecologic procedures. Pain after cesarean has adverse effects on different organs of the body. To reduce pain after cesarean, different methods are used. This study was performed aimed to compare the effects of diclofenac suppositories with intravenous tramadol on pain after cesarean section. Methods: This double-blind clinical trial was conducted in 2007 on 66 women who were volunteers for cesarean section with spinal anesthesia. They were randomly assigned to one of the treatment groups of 100 mg tramadol injection, receiving 100 mg diclofenac suppository and receiving a combination of two drugs. After caesarean section, the patients were checked in terms of pain severity each one hour and with the onset of pain as grade 2, they were placed in one of the studied groups and then again the pain was evaluated each one hour. Demographic data and results of the study were collected in the questionnaire. The data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical software (version 16) and student t-test, Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests, ANOVA and chi-square test. PResults: The mean duration of analgesia from the time of lenitive injection was 134.7 min in tramadol group, 386.3 min in diclofenac group and 453.2 min in combination of these two drugs that this time was significantly lower in tramadol group than diclofenac and combination of two drugs (P<0.015, P<0.000). The duration of analgesia in the group of combination of tramadol and diclofenac was 66.8 min more than diclofenac suppository alone that was not statistically significant (P<0.746). Conclusion: With regard to the acceptable duration of analgesia after cesarean section, it is recommended that diclofenac suppository which is a non-invasive, inexpensive, easy and without opioids complications be used instead of tramadol injection.


Rationale Multimodal imaging has the potential to identify acute ischaemic stroke patients most likely to benefit from late recanalization therapies. Aims The general aim of the Mechanical Retrieval and Recanalization of Stroke Clots Using Embolectomy Trial is to investigate whether multimodal imaging can identify patients who will benefit substantially from mechanical embolectomy for the treatment of acute ischaemic stroke up to eight-hours from symptom onset. Design Mechanical Retrieval and Recanalization of Stroke Clots Using Embolectomy is a randomized, controlled, blinded-outcome clinical trial. Population studied Acute ischaemic stroke patients with large vessel intracranial internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery M1 or M2 occlusion enrolled within eight-hours of symptom onset are eligible. The study sample size is 120 patients. Study intervention Patients are randomized to endovascular embolectomy employing the Merci Retriever (Concentric Medical, Mountain View, CA) or the Penumbra System (Penumbra, Alameda, CA) vs. standard medical care, with randomization stratified by penumbral pattern. Outcomes The primary aim of the trial is to test the hypothesis that the presence of substantial ischaemic penumbral tissue visualized on multimodal imaging (magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography) predicts patients most likely to respond to mechanical embolectomy for treatment of acute ischaemic stroke due to a large vessel, intracranial occlusion up to eight-hours from symptom onset. This hypothesis will be tested by analysing whether pretreatment imaging pattern has a significant interaction with treatment as a determinant of functional outcome based on the distribution of scores on the modified Rankin Scale measure of global disability assessed 90 days poststroke. Nested hypotheses test for (1) treatment efficacy in patients with a penumbral pattern pretreatment, and (2) absence of treatment benefit (equivalency) in patients without a penumbral pattern pretreatment. An additional aim will only be tested if the primary hypothesis of an interaction is negative: that patients treated with mechanical embolectomy have improved functional outcome vs. standard medical management.


Recent advances in molecular engineering and synthetic biology have made it possible for biomolecular and cell-based therapies to provide highly specific disease treatment. However, both the ability to spatially target the action of such therapies, and their range of effects on the target tissue remain limited. Here we show that biomolecules and cells can be engineered to deliver potent mechanical effects at specific locations inside the body under the direction of focused ultrasound. This capability is based on gas vesicles, a unique class of air-filled protein nanostructures derived from buoyant photosynthetic microbes. We show that low-frequency ultrasound can convert these nanoscale biomolecules into micron-scale cavitating bubbles, as demonstrated with acoustic measurements and ultrafast optical microscopy. This allows gas vesicles targeted to cell-surface receptors to serve as remotely detonated cell-killing agents. In addition, it allows cells genetically engineered to express gas vesicles to be triggered with ultrasound to lyse and release therapeutic payloads. We demonstrate these capabilities in vitro, in cellulo, and in vivo. This technology equips biomolecular and cellular therapeutics with unique capabilities for spatiotemporal control and mechanical action.


Signal transduction through multiple distinct pathways regulates and orchestrates the numerous biological processes comprising heart development. This review outlines the roles of the FGFR, EGFR, Wnt, BMP, Notch, Hedgehog, Slit/Robo, and other signaling pathways during four sequential phases of Drosophila cardiogenesis—mesoderm migration, cardiac mesoderm establishment, differentiation of the cardiac mesoderm into distinct cardiac cell types, and morphogenesis of the heart and its lumen based on the proper positioning and cell shape changes of these differentiated cardiac cells—and illustrates how these same cardiogenic roles are conserved in vertebrates. Mechanisms bringing about the regulation and combinatorial integration of these diverse signaling pathways in Drosophila are also described. This synopsis of our present state of knowledge of conserved signaling pathways in Drosophila cardiogenesis and the means by which it was acquired should facilitate our understanding of and investigations into related processes in vertebrates. Developmental Dynamics 246:641–656, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Social network sites (SNS) have attracted considerable attention among teens and young adults who tend to connect and share common interest. Despite this popularity, the issue of students' adoption of social network sites is still being unexplored fully in Malaysia. Driven by this factor, this study was designed to analyze the impact of social network sites on students' academic performance in Malaysia. Using a conceptual approach, the study gathered that more students prefer the use of Facebook and Twitter in academic related discussions in complementing conventional classroom teaching and learning process. Thus, it is imperative that lecturers and academic institutions should implement the use of these applications in promoting academic excellence. As for profit oriented organizations such as bookshops, computer and smartphone one vendors, they can promote their products through these applications and engage students to make purchases via them having understood that many students prefer and use Facebook, Twitter and Google+. The discussion from this study however does not represent the general sampling of Malaysian university students.


This study investigates the effects of welfare reform-a major policy shift in the United States that increased low-income mothers' employment and reliance on earnings instead of cash assistance-on the quality of the home environments mothers provide for their preschool-age children. Using empirical methods designed to identify plausibly causal effects, we estimate the effects of welfare reform on validated survey and observational measures of maternal behaviors that support children's cognitive skills and emotional adjustment and the material goods that parents purchase to stimulate their children's skill development. The results suggest that welfare reform did not affect the amount of time and material resources mothers devoted to cognitively stimulating activities with their young children. However, it significantly decreased emotional support provision scores, by approximately 0.3-0.4 standard deviations. The effects appear to be stronger for mothers with lower human capital. The findings provide evidence that welfare reform came at a cost to children in the form of lower quality parenting. They also underscore the importance of considering quality, and not just quantity, in assessing the effects of maternal work-incentive policies on parenting and children's home environments.


This paper presents an analysis of positioning stability in the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) method using data from the multi-GNSS constellations (GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and BeiDou). The difference between navigation satellite systems induces the inter-system biases (ISBs). GNSS data processing has to consider various ISBs such as GPS-GLONASS, GPSGalileo, and GPS-BeiDou. These biases can be estimated as key parameters in the multi-GNSS PPP processing. We develop a unified method with the fixed ISBs for multi-GNSS PPP, where ISBs do not need to be considered. To verify our model, we perform multi-GNSS kinematic PPP under the elevation angle constraints of GNSS satellite. Comparing to traditional combined PPP solution, our method shows more stable positioning results at higher elevation angle constraints.


Computer simulation is the most common approach to studying wireless ad-hoc routing algorithms. The results, however, are only as good as the models the simulation uses. One should not underestimate the importance of validation, as inaccurate models can lead to wrong conclusions. In this paper, we use direct-execution simulation to validate radio models used by ad-hoc routing protocols, against real-world experiments. This paper documents a common testbed that supports direct execution of a set of ad-hoc routing protocol implementations in a wireless network simulator. The testbed reads traces generated from real experiments, and uses them to drive direct-execution implementations of the routing protocols. Doing so we reproduce the same network conditions as in real experiments. By comparing routing behavior measured in real experiments with behavior computed by the simulation, we are able to validate the models of radio behavior upon which protocol behavior depends. We conclude that it is possible to have fairly accurate results using a simple radio model, but the routing behavior is quite sensitive to one of this model's parameters. The implication is that one should: i) use a more complex radio model that explicitly models point-to-point path loss; or ii) use measurements from an environment typical of the one of interest; or iii) study behavior over a range of environments to identify sensitivities.


The clinical efficacy of propranolol and metoprolol slow-release tablets (Durules) was compared in 20 patients with typical angina pectoris and concomitant hypertension. During a four-week run-in period all patients were given 80 mg propranolol b.i.d. in a single-blind fashion. Thereafter they were randomised in a double-blind fashion to treatment with either propranolol tablets, 80 mg b.i.d., or metoprolol Durules, 200 mg o.m. After four weeks, treatment was changed according to a cross-over design. The number of anginal attacks and nitroglycerin consumption were recorded by the patients in diary-cards. At the control visits, blood pressure was assessed in the supine and standing positions. No differences were found between the drugs as regards either antianginal or antihypertensive efficacy. Metoprolol Durules 200 mg o.m. are considered to be as effective as propranolol, 80 mg b.i.d. and may be preferred by some patients because of the simple dosage regimen.


The work studies to apply a novel FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Arrays) technology to realize a motion control IC for wafer-handling robot which has three-DOF (Degree of freedom) and each axis is driven by PMSM (Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor). The motion control IC proposed in this paper has two modules. The first module is a Nios II processor which is used to realize the motion trajectory computation and three-axis position/speed controller for the wafer-handling robot. The program developed in Nios II processor uses C language. The second module is presented to implement three-axis current vector controllers by hardware, and the VHDL (VHSIC Hardware Description Language) is applied to describe the controller behavior. Main current vector controller includes PI controller circuit, coordinate transformation circuit, SVPWM (Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation), current comparator circuit, encoder comparator circuit and decode, etc. Therefore, a fully digital motion controller for wafer-handling robot, such as three current vector controllers, three position/speed controller and one trajectory planning, are all implemented by a single FPGA chip. Finally, an experimental system constructed by an FPGA experimental board, one three-DOF wafer-handling robot, one peripheral circuit and three inverters is set up to demonstrate the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed FPGA-based motion control IC of wafer-handling robot.


Abstract. We collected bat carcasses at three wind farms in Taiwan, located along the west coast mostly near the sea and/or in former coastal wetland habitats. We found 43 bat carcasses, mostly of common aerial-hawking species such as Pipistrellus abramus and Scotophilus kuhlii, but the island endemics Eptesicus serotinus horikawai and Myotis formosus flavus were also recovered. All bat species affected are believed to remain on the island all year. As far as we know this is the first report of bat fatalities at wind energy facilities in eastern Asia.


A series of peri-substituted acenaphthylenes that contain mixed halogen-chalcogen functionalities at the 5,6-positions in 1-6 [Acenapyl[X](EPh) (Acenapyl = acenaphthylene-5,6-diyl; X = Br, I; E = S, Se, Te)] and chalcogen-chalcogen moieties in 7-11 [Acenap(EPh)(EPh) (Acenap = acenaphthene-5,6-diyl; E/E = S, Se, Te)] have been prepared from their corresponding acenaphthene analogues A1-A11 by utilising 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) for the dehydrogenation of the ethane backbone. The related dihalide compounds 13 and 14 Acenapyl[XX] (XX = BrBr, II) have also been prepared by following a similar procedure, and 1,2,5,6-tetrabromo-1,2-dihydroacenaphthylene A0 was prepared as an intermediate by following an alternative route to 13. The series of acenaphthylene compounds have remarkably similar molecular structures to their acenaphthene counterparts; they exhibit an expected increase in peri separation as heavier congeners occupy the close peri positions. The presence of the ethene bridge, however, naturally compresses the nearest bay angle as it increases the splay of the exocyclic peri atoms, thereby resulting in a minor increase in separation relative to equivalent acenaphthenes. The structures of 1-11, 13 and 14 are discussed and compared with previously reported analogous naphthalene and acenaphthene compounds. Similar to acenaphthene derivatives, aromatic ring conformations and the location of p-type lone pairs influences the geometry of the peri region. Under appropriate geometric conditions, quasi-linear three-body C-Ph-EZ (E = Te, Se, S; Z = Br/E) fragments provide an attractive component for the EZ interaction. DFT studies confirm the onset of formation of three-center, four-electron bonding, similar in extent to that observed in analogous acenaphthenes, despite an increase in the peri distances.


Program optimization is the process of modifying software to execute more efficiently. Superoptimizers attempt to find the optimal program by employing significantly more expensive search and constraint solving techniques. Generally, these methods do not scale well to programs in real development scenarios, and as a result, superoptimization has largely been confined to small-scale, domain-specific, and/or synthetic program benchmarks. In this paper, we propose a framework to learn to superoptimize real-world programs by using neural sequence-to-sequence models. We created a dataset consisting of over 25K real-world x86-64 assembly functions mined from open-source projects and propose an approach, Self Imitation Learning for Optimization (SILO) that is easy to implement and outperforms a standard policy gradient learning approach on our dataset. Our method, SILO, superoptimizes 5.9% of our test set when compared with the gcc version 10.3 compiler's aggressive optimization level -O3. We also report that SILO's rate of superoptimization on our test set is over five times that of a standard policy gradient approach and a model pre-trained on compiler optimization demonstration.


To build an Electrical Bioimpedance (EBI) spectrometer using the Impedance Measurement System-On-Chip AD5933 together with a 4-Electrode Analog Front End (4E-AFE) has been proven practicable. Such small measurement devices can make possible several new applications of EBI technology, especially when combined with functional textiles, which can enable wearable applications for personal health and home monitoring. After the implementation and functional validation of the 4E-AFE-enabled spectrometer, the next natural step is to validate for which EBI applications the 4E-AFE-enabled system is suitable. To test the applicability of this novel spectrometer on several EBI applications, 2R1C equivalent models have been experimentally obtained and impedance spectroscopy measurements have been performed with the system under study and with the SFB7 EBI spectrometer manufactured by ImpediMed. The 2R1C circuit parameters have been estimated with the BioImp software from the spectra obtained with both EBI spectrometers and the estimated values have been compared with the original values used in each circuit model implementation. The obtained results indicated that the 4E-AFE-enabled system cannot beat the performance of the SFB7 in accuracy but it performs better in preciseness. In any case the overall performance indicates that the 4E-AFE-enabled system can perform spectroscopy measurements in the frequency range from 5 to 100 kHz.


Abstract A molecular phylogeny of endemic flightless grasshoppers is presented for the three Lentulidae genera Altiusambilla Jago, 1981 , Usambilla Sjöstedt, 1909 and Rhainopomma Jago, 1981 based on DNA sequences (16S rRNA locus). Parsimony, distance and likelihood reconstructions were performed using different assumptions on sequence evolution. The generated phylogenies agree in almost all parts of the calculated trees and support the monophyly of the observed genera. It was shown that Usambilla and Rhainopomma are more closely related to each other, Altiusambilla being a separate clade. However, the investigated East African lentulid genera are clearly separated from South African taxa, underlining the monophyly of East African genera. Usambilla olivacea is re‐established. Populations of Rhainopomma montanum from the Taita Hills of Kenya and from the West Usambara mountains of Tanzania are two separate species not closely related to each other. Rhainopomma samples from the North Pare mountains of Tanzania belong to a hitherto undescribed species.


BACKGROUND
For these patients with colorectal cancers, improving their quality of life is just as important as clearing them of their tumor burden.

AIM
To assess the reference value to surgeons of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and endorectal ultrasound (EUS) in local staging of rectal cancer.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
According to the criteria we set, 69 patients received MRI and 60 patients received EUS, all by senior doctors. We compared two groups in staging accuracy of depth of penetration (T), lymph nodes positive (N) and combined T and N (TN) result. Strategy one (Str1.) was chosen based on MRI or EUS staging. Strategy two (Str2.) took into account clinical parameters, such as computed tomography (CT) and colonoscopy. Strategy three (Str3.) was the best treatment strategy; this was, in part, based on analysis of patients' specimen pathological results. Compared to Str.1 and Str.2, the use of Str.3 as the reference standard separately reflected the reference values of MRI and EUS for surgeons and actual treatment accuracy.

RESULTS
EUS had higher sensitivity in T1 (p = 0.044 < 0.05) and specificity in T2 (p = 0.039 < 0.05) than MRI. MRI had higher sensitivity in N staging (p = 0.046 < 0.05) and was more accurate in pT1~4N1~2 (p < 0.05) than EUS. Reference values for surgery (comparing appropriate rates of Str.1 with Str.3) of MRI and EUS were 79.7% vs. 76. 7%, respectively (p > 0.05). The actual treatment accuracy (comparing appropriate rates of Str.2 with Str.3) was increased up to 94.2% vs. 91.7%, respectively (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
EUS is good for early-stage patients but MRI for local advanced ones. Strategies both could be improved by combining clinical factors that lead to similar reference values for surgery.


Over-Requirement occurs in software development projects when a software product is specified beyond the actual needs. This study shows empirically that Over-Requirement happens partially due to the Planning Fallacy, i.e., the tendency of people to underestimate the time needed to complete a task. Underestimating the time needed to develop a software feature during project planning, we argue, may lead to including within the project scope more required and unrequired features than can be completed by the project deadline. To investigate this argument, we conducted an experiment in which participants were asked to estimate the time it would take to develop various software features in a software development project and then, given the project's duration, to recommend which of the features to include within scope. The results confirmed that the Planning Fallacy occurs in the context of software development and influences the Over-Requirement phenomenon.


Consumer product developers are increasingly interested in co-branding strategies as a means of gaining more market exposure, fend off the threat of private label brands, and share expensive promotional costs with a partner. This research looked at the effectiveness of cobranding strategies by addressing various objectives, The objectives were aimed at determination of the contribution of co-branding in market penetration, product usage and brand equity enhancement. The research also looked at the consumer perception towards cobranded credit cards in the market place. '

There were two sets of target population chosen for the study. The first population included product managers within the banking sector while the second population was consumers who have credit cards within the Kenyan market. Semi structured and structured questionnaires were used for data collection. Responses from the target population was analyzed and presented in frequencies and percentages.
Findings from the research suggested that co-branding has positive effect to both the market share of the organization and card usage. Co-branding contributes to market penetration as the credit card issuer has access to customer list from which new customers can be acquired.

The usage of the card increases as a result of co-branding as compared to credit cards which are not co-branded. It was observed that consumers perceive co-branded credit cards to be more appealing and in terms of the quality of service. The overall effect of co-branding on the brand equity of the product is therefore improved. Co-branding appears to be a win/win proposition for compatible product proposition. The message to the marketing manager is to use co-branding strategies to further exploit a product performance advantage


Date Presented 4/21/2018 The rate of autism continues to rise in the United States. In an attempt to address the issue with a broader perspective, this study explored the various factors influencing the noted disparity in age of diagnosis. The author offers two newly developed models. Primary Author and Speaker: Varleisha Gibbs Contributing Authors: Genevieve Zipp


ABSTRACT This study examined financial maltreatment from the perspectives of Chinese American elders via a mixed method approach. Three focus groups of Chinese American elders and one group of service professionals recruited from Phoenix metropolitan areas shared their insights of financial maltreatment and contributed to the refinement of questions in the followed survey that included 325 elders (Mage = 75.6, SD = 7.00). Two types of financial maltreatment: Financial exploitation and financial neglect were identified from focus group discussions. About 9.2% experienced financial exploitation and 1.5% experienced financial neglect. Both financial exploitation and neglect were related to higher vulnerability scores for abuse assessed using the H-S/EAST elder abuse screening scale. Financial maltreatment needs to be understood in legal, cultural, and family contexts, incorporating the perspectives of older adults. Prevention of financial maltreatment hinges on increased awareness and knowledge of this issue among elders, families and service professionals, and the collaborative efforts of stakeholders from ethnic communities.


The evolution of Cloud Computing motivates teaching this subject to computer science senior students and graduate students so that they can gain broad exposure to the main body of knowledge of Cloud Computing and get prepared for occupations in industry. We started the development of such a course from the end of 2013. To efficiently develop a course that introduces a new technology and has a good balance of a theoretical base and practical experience, we have designed such a course in two steps, by giving a course to the third cycle education and then to the second cycle education after refinement. In this paper, we report on our experiences gained from giving the course to the third cycle education and our reflections from the experience. We also discuss what we can improve on the next course occasion and for the second cycle education on this subject.


In this paper, high-quality N-rich single crystal diamonds with different boron additive contents were synthesized in NiMnCo alloy with high Ni content by the temperature gradient growth method under HPHT (high pressure and high temperature) conditions. The C, A and N+ centers were present in synthetic crystals simultaneously, and the evolution of different N defects versus the boron additive contents was discussed. Infra-red absorption spectroscopy results showed that with increasing content of boron additive in the growth system, the intensity of 1332 cm−1 peak related to N+ center (substitutional nitrogen atom with a positive charge) increased, and the concentrations of C center, A center and total N impurity decreased gradually. Moreover, the Raman results indicated higher crystallinity of N-rich B-doped diamond with increasing boron additive due to the formation of B–N bond in the lattice. Diamonds presented characterizations of p-type semiconductors with further increase in B additive content. However, the Hall mobility was extremely low due to scattering caused by abundance of N defects.


There is ample anecdotal evidence that political influence might constitute a barrier to the integration of European banking markets. Based on a data set on the transparency of the supervisory review process of bank mergers in the EU, we estimate the probability that a credit institution will be taken over as a function of bank and country characteristics and the transparency of merger control. The results indicate that a credit institution is systematically more likely to be taken over by foreign banks if the regulatory process is transparent. In particular, large banks seem to be less likely to be taken over by foreign credit institutions if merger control lacks procedural transparency.


The detection of hate speech in political discourse is a critical issue, and this becomes even more challenging in low-resource languages. To address this issue, we introduce a new dataset named IEHate, which contains 11,457 manually annotated Hindi tweets related to the Indian Assembly Election Campaign from November 1, 2021, to March 9, 2022. We performed a detailed analysis of the dataset, focusing on the prevalence of hate speech in political communication and the different forms of hateful language used. Additionally, we benchmark the dataset using a range of machine learning, deep learning, and transformer-based algorithms. Our experiments reveal that the performance of these models can be further improved, highlighting the need for more advanced techniques for hate speech detection in low-resource languages. In particular, the relatively higher score of human evaluation over algorithms emphasizes the importance of utilizing both human and automated approaches for effective hate speech moderation. Our IEHate dataset can serve as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners working on developing and evaluating hate speech detection techniques in low-resource languages. Overall, our work underscores the importance of addressing the challenges of identifying and mitigating hate speech in political discourse, particularly in the context of low-resource languages. The dataset and resources for this work are made available at https://github.com/Farhan-jafri/Indian-Election.


ABSTRACT A comprehensive revision of Varanops brevirostris on the basis of a large, well-preserved specimen from a new Lower Permian locality in Texas provides valuable new anatomical information and additional autapomorphies for this varanopid synapsid taxon. These include the loss of the postorbital boss, the presence of a smooth transition between the dorsal and lateral surfaces of the postorbital, hypertrophied basipterygoid processes, the presence of deep, elongate lateral neural spine excavations, posterior dorsal vertebrae with dorsally tapered neural spines, and a deep groove proximal to the femoral fourth trochanter. Furthermore, this specimen is the first fully developed adult specimen of Varanops, and it preserves the most complete lower jaw of the taxon. A revised phylogenetic analysis places V. brevirostris as the sister taxon to the Varanodon-Watongia clade. A stratocladistic analysis assessing varanopid relationships by incorporating a stratigraphic character into the analysis recovers the same topology among varanodontines, but an alternate topology between mycterosaurines and Elliotsmithia longiceps.


The present study had as propose to analyse the role of the workplace and his influence in alcoholism workers treatment, as well as to trace a profile of these workers treated in a worker health department. The sample counted 23 males with an average age of 44 years old, in treatment in a work health division at workplace. All participants showed the DSM-IV criteria for alcohol dependence. Quality evaluation was made by analysis of "medical records" and a semi structural interview. A discussion is proposed about the workplace and the organization of the work acting in the recovery on different aspects. In their speeches, these workers manifest the importance of the workplace, where they spends most of their time. The workplace was the main detection source of alcohol related problems, it could act as principal place of support, but also to stimulate a relapse depending on the relationship existing.

Keys words: alcoholism; workplace; work organization.


Introduction New public management (NPM) is an economic rationalist approach that emphasises managerialism and marketisation, promising 'continuous increases in efficiency, the use of ever-more-sophisticated technologies, and a productivity focus, with a clear professional management role. NPM has been widely adopted in healthcare in UK and Australia. The potential conflict between this management style and the palliative care philosophy of holistic patient-centred care is apparent. Method Positive organisational scholarship in healthcare (POSH) is "the study of that which is positive, flourishing, and life-giving in healthcare." This challenges the tendency to concentrate on problems and gaps. Video Reflexive Ethnography (VRE) is a qualitative research methodology that invites participants to feature in and/or gather and interpret audio-visual data using fieldwork notes, audio recordings of interviews, and/or video files. One response to organisational change and pressure in healthcare is known as positive deviance, i.e. 'behaviours that depart from [organisational] norms, in honourable ways'. This study combined POSH and VRE to explore the intersection of NPM and community palliative care, using a generalist and specialist community-based palliative care service in two states of Australia. Results Practices observed were replete with instances in which nurses employed 'work arounds' intended to achieve what was needed for individual patients and families at particular times, i.e. positive deviations. By framing the study in POSH and making such 'work arounds' visible via VRE, the ways in which clinical teams applied what was often tacit knowledge and exercised their agency in response to organisational changes at both sites was made explicit. Conclusion The use of POSH VRE allowed the study of the impact of organisational change on palliative care clinicians. It enabled clinicians and to some extent their managers to see how they use 'work arounds' internally and externally to 'engage' other departments and agencies. In this way frontline clinicians sought to harness POS VRE for their own organisational and political agendas in advocating for their service and the needs of patients and families.


A repository of learning objects (LOs) is being built to investigate the usability aspects of LOs as part of a doctoral dissertation project. Enhanced description of LOs is considered an important step in this effort. Among other things, use of metadata and taxonomies are being explored for enhancing the description to promote use and reuse of LOs. Our initial review indicated that the various metadata schemes currently in use do not adequately support description of special features of LOs, e.g., granularity and reusability. However, features from different schemes can be combined to develop a profile that can effectively support the peculiarities of LOs. Leveraging on the flexibility in the design of Dublin Core and its provisions of refinement and extension of elements, we decided to extend certain DCMI-EDS elements by integrating some elements from IEEE-LOM to cover requirements of LOs. This paper describes the elements from the two schemes and discusses the issues that need to be addressed to make this work. We also suggest the addition of new metadata terms that describe granularity and reusability. We hope that this example may be useful for developing an application profile for describing learning objects in various repositories.


For many different applications, current information about the bandwidth-related metrics of the utilized connection is very useful as they directly impact the performance of throughput sensitive applications such as streaming servers, IPTV and VoIP applications. In literature, several tools have been proposed to estimate major bandwidth-related metrics such as capacity, available bandwidth and achievable throughput. The vast majority of these tools fall into one of Packet Pair (PP), Variable Packet Size (VPS), Self-Loading of Periodic Streams (SLoPS) or Throughput approaches. In this study, seven popular bandwidth estimation tools including nettimer, pathrate, pathchar, pchar, clink, pathload and iperf belonging to these four well-known estimation techniques are presented and experimentally evaluated in a controlled testbed environment. Differently from the rest of studies in literature, all tools have been uniformly classified and evaluated according to an objective and sophisticated classification and evaluation scheme. The performance comparison of the tools incorporates not only the estimation accuracy but also the probing time and overhead caused.


In the context of operative disruption management, decision support systems have to evaluate the typically manifold options of responding to disturbances: The temporal shift of activities and the allocation of alternative resources can be assessed by the application of generic scheduling frameworks such as the Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling Problem (RCPSP). However, switches from one process variant to another one are usually not supported by the corresponding models, even though they represent a common way of repairing broken schedules in many practical domains. In this paper, we thus show how the RCPSP can be extended by the concept of alternative activities, making it possible to model and search within alternative process execution paths. Beside a formal description of the conceptual extension, we show how such generalized rescheduling problems can be solved by a novel genetic algorithmand summarize the promising results of a detailed evaluation.


Flowlines on ice sheets and glaciers form complex patterns. To explore their role in ice routing and extend the language for studying such patterns, we develop a theory of flow convergence and curvature in plan view. These geometric quantities respectively equal the negative divergence of the vector field of ice-flow direction and the curl of this field. From the first of these two fundamental results, we show that flow in individual catchments of an ice sheet can converge (despite its overall spreading) because ice divides are loci of strong divergence, and that a sign bifurcation in convergence occurs during ice-sheet 'symmetry breaking' (the transition from near-radial spreading to spreading with substantial azimuthal velocities) and during the formation of ice-stream tributary networks. We also uncover the topological control behind balance-flux distributions across ice masses. Notably, convergence participates in mass conservation along flowlines to amplify ice flux via a positive feedback; thus the convergence field governs the form of ice-stream networks simulated by balance-velocity models. The theory provides a roadmap for understanding the tower-shaped plot of flow speed versus convergence for the Antarctic Ice Sheet.


This thesis is concerned with children as familial caregivers. To date 'young carers' have received limited attention from researchers, and the current body of literature has mainly developed from the social welfare field. This is in contrast to a vast body of research, which has established the psychological impact of care giving on adults. The first paper critically reviews the concept and research on 'parentification'. This is a systemic/dynamic perspective on the psychological and developmental implications of children's involvement in caring roles. It has been submitted to the Journal of Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry (see Appendix A for instructions to authors for all papers). The brief paper is a qualitative study employing focus groups and individual interviews to consider the views of twenty young carers. The aim was to gain an insight into their perceptions of the caring experience and to provide data which might be helpful in developing a measure of 'young carer stress' to be used in the main study. This paper has been prepared for the journal 'Qualitative Health Research'. The main research focused upon the application of a stress- coping model to a study of 108 adolescent young carers. It was found that those children who felt devalued in their caring role, overloaded, and used avoidant coping styles to manage their stress were most at risk of suffering from psychological distress. The results are considered in the context of the adolescent stress-coping literature and implications for prevention and intervention are discussed. Papers are prepared in accordance with the instructions to authors, although small changes to the formatting have been made to ensure consistency across all the papers. The whole thesis is less than 20,000 words (excluding references, and tables).


The terms "Indian" and "Native American" do not only signify the indigenous peoples of America, but also includes stereotypical features and descriptions that are created by the Euro-Americans. The aim of this essay is to investigates what Indian identity is in Alice Callahan's novel Wynema: A Child of the Forest (1981), and whether it promotes Indian stereotype or not. The novel is analysed through Arnold Krupat's notion of ethnocritisicm, Louis Owens' idea frontier discourse, and Gerald Vizenor's theory of trickster strategies. Wynema promotes hybridity in a frontier space, transcultural zone, where Native American and Euro-American cultures meet and communicate with each other. Through parallel narration, and trickster strategies, the novel forces the reader to reflect upon cultural differences, and thus partly deconstructs "Indianness." Wynema also narrates a utopian world to describe how Indian and Euro-American society could interchange with each other without force or oppression. However, the novel also promotes Euro-American education, and civilization, which also means that uneducated, fullblood Indians are not a part of the future. The novel reflects how complex Indian identity is, and that it is not a static identity, but ever changing. It also describes that Indian identity must change in order to survive.


The Ceres earthquake of 29 September 1969 is the largest known earthquake in southern Africa. Digitized analog recordings from Worldwide Standardized Seismographic Network stations (Powell and Fries, 1964) are used to retrieve the point source moment tensor and the most likely centroid depth of the event using full waveform modeling. A scalar seismic moment of 2.2–2.4×1018  N·m corresponding to a moment magnitude of 6.2–6.3 is found. The analysis confirms the pure strike‐slip mechanism previously determined from onset polarities by Green and Bloch (1971). Overall good agreement with the fault orientation previously estimated from local aftershock recordings is found. The centroid depth can be constrained to be less than 15 km. In a second analysis step, we use a higher order moment tensor based inversion scheme for simple extended rupture models to constrain the lateral fault dimensions. We find rupture propagated unilaterally for 4.7 s from east‐southwest to west‐northwest for about 17 km (average rupture velocity of about 3.1  km/s).

Online Material: Waveform and spectral fits.


The purpose of this study was to longitudinally examine the relationship between father involvement in school settings and student achievement. The sample, pulled from the first and second waves of the PSID-CDS data set, consisted of 596 families with children aged 5–12 at time 1. Results revealed variations in the relationship between father involvement across time and student achievement based on characteristics of the child and demographic contexts of the families, most notable among these being child ethnicity, child gender, and family income. Findings underscore the need to explore how mesosystem pathways of influence on child development may be context-specific.


Fe-Cr alloys are the basis of high-Cr ferritic steels, which are the candidate structural materials for near future power plants. Recently, a significant effort has been put in the development of theoretical models dealing with the response of Fe-Cr alloys to irradiation. Here, we give a brief overview of the current level of understanding of radiation damage in Fe-Cr alloys, based on the most recent results. In particular, we review and summarize data obtained using different atomistic modelling techniques in order to refine the most important findings achieved over the past few years.Copyright © 2009 by ASME


simulation plus structured debriefing may accelerate junior trainees' knowledge and technical skill, effectively flatten-ing the learning curve for cleft lip repair. BACKGROUND: The outcome of bilateral buccal flap revision palatoplasty (BBFRP) for treatment of velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD) has been studied using subjective (perceptual) assessment. The purpose of this study was to document perceptual, acoustic, and aerodynamic (pressure-flow) evidence of the effectiveness of BBFRP to correct VPD in patients with repaired cleft palate. METHODS: A prospective study of 10 consecutive patients with clinically confirmed VPD was conducted. Speech was audio recorded using a standard speech protocol. Speech samples were rated blindly by nine cleft/cranio-facial speech-language pathologists using a Visual Analog Scale (scores: 0–100) implemented online using REDCap to assess hypernasality, hyponasality, and acceptability of speech. Audible nasal emission was rated as present or absent. Acoustic analyses of these features were made from spectrograms constructed from the recorded speech. Pres-sure-flow studies were done to estimate the size of the gap in the velopharyngeal (VP) port during speech. RESULTS: The median age at BBFRP was 9.1 years (range 4-–18 years). Complete pre and postoperative records were available for 8 of the 10 patients. Before surgery, all patients presented with hypernasal speech ranging in severity from mild to severe (Visual Analog Scale mean value = 49.04). After surgery, all patients demonstrated normal or near normal resonance (Visual Analog Scale mean value = 18.07) ( P < 0.01), a 54.8% reduction in hypernasal-ity ( P <


Two global policies and guidelines on Human Rights Cities, i.e. Global Charter-Agenda for Human Rights in the City, and Swedish Platform for policy and operational development of human rights at the local and regional level have provided basic principles to protect, respect, and fulfil human rights of inhabitants of cities and municipalities. However, not many researchers discuss those policies and guidelines at the village level. Thus, this study aims to explore on how villages have strong resources to support human rights principles and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030 through institutional and cultural approaches.

This empirical study was conducted in the context of Indonesia and found that global policies and guidelines on Human Rights Cities fit in to the Indonesian situation and context where villages, under Law Number 5 Year 2014 concerning Village in Indonesia, have strong resources in terms of financial budget allocation and social capital. By having these two types of resources: finance and social capital, villages in Indonesia have more flexibility and independency in setting up programs to support the achievement of sustainable development, and at the same time village governments could show their commitment to human rights.

This study, therefore, discusses conceptually how the institutional approach helps to strengthening the village development planning system through village financial budget and increase the capacity of village officials. In addition, a cultural approach could also work to glue villagers to participate in all aspects related to citizen rights. Through mutual cooperation or in the Indonesian called the culture of "Gotong Royong", a participatory mechanism also emerges in the process of planning and implementing of SDGs related agenda such as on SDGs number 6 "clean water and sanitation". Thus, this research concludes that two approaches: institutional and cultural, are promising in anchoring human rights in order to achieve SDGs 2030 at the village level.

Keywords: Village government, social capital, Acceleration, SDGs agenda, human rights city.