Introduction: Ocular injury is an important cause of avoidable visual impairment specially in young age group worldwide.
Materials and Methods: 82 patients having blunt trauma to one eye attending ophthalmology department (outpatient, inpatient and emergency patients) are enrolled. Baseline investigation with fundus evaluation, intraocular tension assessment with applanation tonometry and anterior chamber angle evaluation done with gonioscopy on 1, 3 and 6 months. Statistical Analysis was performed with help of Epi Info.3.5.3.
Results: The mean age (mean ± s.d.) of the patients was 32.53±11.86 years with range 4 - 55 years and the median age was 33.0 years. Male: Female 2.4:1 though there was no correlation of age and sex. Incidence of angle recession was 24.3% in 1st month of follow up. In patients with hyphema the incidence is 71%. 5% of patient with traumatic angle recession have increased intraocular pressure till last follow up but it is not related to degree of angle-recession.
Conclusion: Recession of the anterior chamber angle is a common finding following concussive ocular trauma. This cohort of patients should be followed up for development of glaucomatous optic neuropathy and vision loss.

Keywords: Angle recession, Blunt trauma, Post traumatic glaucoma.


In this thesis it is examined whether the pose of an object can be determined by a system trained with a synthetic 3D model of said object. A number of variations of methods using P-channel representation are examined. Reference images are rendered from the 3D model, features, such as gradient orientation and color information are extracted and encoded into P-channels. The P-channel representation is then used to estimate an overlapping channel representation, using B1-spline functions, to estimate a density function for the feature set. Experiments were conducted with this representation as well as the raw P-channel representation in conjunction with a number of distance measures and estimation methods. It is shown that, with correct preprocessing and choice of parameters, the pose can be detected with some accuracy and, if not in real-time, fast enough to be useful in a tracker initialization scenario. It is also concluded that the success rate of the estimation depends heavily on the nature of the object.


The results of this project are intended to assist social agencies using educational or economic incentives, to promote voluntary adoption by farmers of riparian management policies. Farmers attending workshops in Taranaki in April 1998 were surveyed to identify the criteria they used to select their preferred riparian policies and reject others. Farmer use of decision criteria was analysed using the Analytical Hierarchy Process and its results compared with their likelihood of using the policies. The riparian management policies included in the study were: permanently excluding livestock, planting timber trees, planting conservation trees, excluding fertilisers, excluding chemicals, or doing nothing distinctive. The farmers most preferred the planting of conservation trees in riparian areas to the other policies. Their policy preferences were highly correlated (r = 0.76-0.96) with policy benefits, but appeared unrelated to the results of the cost benefit analysis. Further research is needed into farmer decision making on their riparian management before a decision model can be developed that satisfactorily explains farmer behaviour.


The old, rich and popular tradition of verbal story telling by narrators has been prevalent among all indo-Europeans, especially Aryans who were living in the Iranian plateau, in the Eastern parts of Iran and Khorasan. This tradition of oral narration has kept fiction and also historical events and has transmitted them to us. The writer of this article tries to evaluate this tradition and analyze it diachronically. Then, he will show that most-if not all-of the stories and mythological works, in early Islamic era could have been formed under the influence of this popular and verbal tradition. Some parts of Shahnameh, Vis-o-Ramoin and Samak-e –Ayyar had been first orally narrated by the narrators and then they were written down. This fact has also been proved through a morphological comparison of Sahnameh and Samak-e-Ayyar. This comparison also proves that Samak-e-Ayyar is an epic and not a fiction.

Keywords: Samak-e-Ayyar, Shahnameh, morphology, Tradition of story-telling


In its scope this book differs from the posthumous work of Professor Arthur Jeffery, A Reader on Islam (1962), where the passages quoted are confined to religious belief and practice. Professor Arberry has collected from his own translations, most of them previously published, selections to illustrate various aspects of Islamic civilization. Religious belief is represented by passages from his translation of the Qur'an, Sufi writings, and other works in prose and verse. Over against this, in the chapter "Faith and Doubt", there are verses from Omar Khayyam: a New Version. General literature is represented by selections from the Mu'allaqdt, Kalila wa-Dimna, Mas'udl's Muruj al-dhahab quoting various poems on the art of cooking, Ibn Hazm's The Ring of the Dove, various Spanish Arabic poets, Hafiz, and, finally, modern Egyptian poets. Various parables and anecdotes from Persian literature are included. The influence of Western learning on mediaeval Islam is illustrated by quotations from Rhazes, al-Farabi and Avicenna. During a period of more than 30 years Professor Arberry has published many valuable translations from Arabic and Persian works of different types. This selection from his numerous translations covering a very wide field provides an admirable picture of Islam, not merely as a religious faith, but as a wide culture. A Bibliography of 56 of Professor Arberry's books, excluding editions of oriental texts unaccompanied by a translation, is supplied and also an index.


Learning once deemed as a face-to-face/classroom activity has been revolutionized by the advent of new information and communication technologies (ICTs). These technologies are used for the new modes of education such as distance education, virtual learning, e-learning and online learning.This study examines that whether children's exposure to television cartoon results into incidental learning regarding different cultural elements, especially language. For this purpose, the researchers studied relationships between exposure to Hindi-dubbed Japanese cartoon, Doraemon and learning of various words of Hindi language among a sample of children (both girls and boys), aged 06-11 years living in Islamabad. The researchers used both content analysis and survey techniques. Content analysis was employed for examination of usage of Hindi words in the cartoon program during one-week time period (February 01, 2014 to February 07, 2014) while survey method was used to collect data from a sample of 200 children. The results showed that greater the frequency of the use of Hindi words in the selected episodes of Doraemon, the greater was learning of these words among the respondents. The findings also indicated that age and gender bear significant relationships with incidental learning (leaning of words of Hindi words) whereas the extent of time spent in watching the cartoon did not show a significant relationship with learning of Hindi words.


A practical alignment service should be flexible enough to handle the varied alignment scenarios that arise in the real world, while minimizing the need for manual configuration. MAPLE, an orchestration framework for ontology alignment, supports this goal by coordinating a few loosely coupled actors, which communicate and cooperate to solve a matching task using explicit metadata about the input ontologies, other available resources and the task itself. The alignment task is thus summarized by a report listing its characteristics and suggesting alignment strategies. The schema of the report is based on several metadata vocabularies, among which the Lime module of the OntoLex-Lemon model is particularly important, summarizing the lexical content of the input ontologies and describing external language resources that may be exploited for performing the alignment. In this paper, we propose a REST API that enables the participation of downstream alignment services in the process orchestrated by MAPLE, helping them self-adapt in order to handle heterogeneous alignment tasks and scenarios. The realization of this alignment orchestration effort has been performed through two main phases: we first described its API as an OpenAPI specification (a la API-first), which we then exploited to generate server stubs and compliant client libraries. Finally, we switched our focus to the integration of existing alignment systems, with one fully integrated system and an additional one being worked on, in the effort to propose the API as a valuable addendum to any system being developed.


Nozzle free electrospinning has been found as an advantageous measure over other scaffold fabrication techniques for scaling up the process. Present study was tried to optimize the process parameters to fabricate nanofibrous scaffold using sodium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) for tissue engineering applications. PVA and sodium alginate were blended in the ratios of 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50 and 40:60 for fabrication of scaffold. Curcumin was loaded with the sample containing equal amounts of alginate and PVA. Surface tension, viscosity and conductivity analysis were done to evaluate the material properties. Process optimization was carried out by standardizing the voltage, tip-collector distance and speed of rotation for fiber formation. Nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies, Differential scanning colorimetery (DSC), Thermogravitometric Analysis (TGA) and Film Burst analysis. Curcumin loaded samples were cross linked with glutaraldehyde and analyzed for their biodegradability, antimicrobial activity and in vitro drug release. A reduced level of surface tension and conductivity and increased level of viscosity were observed in the blends with increase ratios of PVA. Standard voltage, collector-tip distance and speed of rotation were optimized as 72V, 12cm and 9.2 rpm respectively. SEM analysis revealed the decrease in fibre diameter with higher volumes of sodium alginate. FTIR and XRD data suggested the interaction mechanism in PVA and sodium alginate due to hydrogen bonding. Intermolecular interactions of PVA with alginate through hydrogen bonding might have improved spinnability of the blended system. The optimized process may be used for the mass production of alginate nanofibers to be applicable in wound healing and tissue engineering.


Background Distress is experienced, understood, expressed and communicated differently across various cultures. Individuals assign meaning to their mental health problems from their own personal, social and cultural context. Mental healthcare consumers (MHCCs) often attribute their symptoms to a cultural or spiritual cause, and as a result, tend to visit spiritual or traditional healers before attending psychiatric units. Aim The aim of the study was to determine patients' perspectives on mental health – what they perceived to be the cause of mental problems and what they believed the most appropriate treatment options would be. The role of culture, religion and spirituality in patients' understanding of and coping with mental problems was explored, as well as their attitudes toward their treatment and the perceived effectiveness and appropriateness of the different treatment modalities. Methods A quantitative survey was done using a questionnaire designed to explore and analyse patients' cultural and religious beliefs about mental illness and the actions they take in their search for recovery from mental disturbances. The questionnaire was compiled by incorporating demographic information, together with certain items of the World Health Organisation Quality of Life Spiritual, Religious and Personal Beliefs questionnaire, the Cultural Formulation Interview, the Rating of Medication Influences Scale, and the South African Traditional Beliefs Scale. Results Ninety-four patients (58.5% male) were included in the study, with a mean age of 36 years. The majority of the participants (75.5%) were black people; most were Christian (79.8%), followed by African traditionalists (17.0%), and 41.4% indicated that they were actively involved in their religious communities. Although most (72.0%) believed that faith in God and help from religious leaders (34.4%) could contribute to their mental wellbeing, 29.0% reckoned that keeping their ancestors happy would protect them from sickness and bad luck. Approximately one quarter (22.3%) believed that traditional medicine could be the only cure for mental illness related to bewitchment, and 29.0% believed that Western medicine could worsen such problems. Roughly a third of participants (30.9%) were of the opinion that Western medicine cannot cure mental illness caused by angry ancestors. Conclusion The impact cultural and religious belief systems have on MHCCs' perceptions of mental illness has been demonstrated and appeals to the availability of accepta ble mental health care services. Mental healthcare providers' sensitivity to cultural and religious beliefs will enrich the therapeutic relationship; hence healthcare providers should receive training focusing on the influence these belief systems have on patients' perceptions of mental illness and their consequent help-seeking behaviour. Likewise, findings of the current study suggest a need for the incorporation of complementary and alternative treatment strategies in the rendering of mental healthcare services. Such inclusion acknowledges MHCCs' preferences and may reduce the time required to obtain remission and recovery. Although its application has limitations, future research may provide useful insight for the formulation and implementation of interventions that MHCCs believe to be effective.


I. Introduction In trying to describe how judges decide cases, the renowned Supreme Court Justice and New York Chief Judge Benjamin Cardozo once observed, "[w]e may try to see things as objectively as we please. None the less [sic], we can never see them with any eyes except our own."(1) Cardozo explicitly recognized that other factors besides mechanical interpretation and application of the law are involved in judicial decision making.(2) A judge's background and upbringing often influence his(3) philosophy on deciding a particular case.(4) An individual's background consists of various elements, including religion, class, race, gender, and national origin. Although studies on judicial ethnicity and its effect on case decisions are rare,(5) it has been recognized as an important factor in determining what a judge's "eyes" see.(6) As one ethnic scholar stated, "[e]thnic identity is a basic element in all political equations."(7) One of the more controversial Justices on the United States Supreme Court is Antonin Scalia.(8) Similarly, two of the most discussed judges on the New York Court of Appeals, that state's highest court, are Joseph Bellacosa and Vito Titone.(9) All three judges are men of Italian origin, but the extent to which their ethnic background has influenced their judicial philosophies is unknown.(10) It seems clear, however, that a judge's ethnic background is a factor influencing the way a judge thinks.(11) Indeed, Judge Titone has written that it is his duty as an appellate judge to set forth the values and beliefs that underlie his legal philosophies.(12) As Mario Cuomo, another Italian-American lawyer prominent in public life, once pointed out, "the patterns of conduct and concern that are formed early in life don't really change a great deal, at least not fundamentally .... [They] operate through ... every decision on what words to write down for other people to read."(13) The purpose of this Article is to compare the judicial opinions of Justice Scalia, Judge Bellacosa, and Judge Titone to uncover the common influences, if any, that their backgrounds as Italian-Americans have exerted. The purpose, however, is not to prove that their judicial opinions are the direct result of their Italian-American background, but to simply raise the issue. In doing so, this Article will follow several steps. First, it will discuss the general "characteristics" of Americans of Italian origin, those deriving from the concept of la via vecchia, that is, "life within the family." Second, the Article will compare the opinions of Scalia, Bellacosa, and Titone to see if these dominant Italian-American characteristics are reflected in their judicial decision making. Finally, the Article will make some general conclusions about how their Italian-American characteristics might have influenced their positions on certain issues. II. The Defining Trait of Italian-Americans: La Via Vecchia Identifying the characteristics of Americans of Italian origin is not an easy task.(14) Some scholars doubt that there is an "Italian-American" identity or characteristics of such an identity.(15) There is very little psychoanalytical and statistical evidence on the question of how Italian ancestry affects values, attitudes, and behaviors.(16) Many scholars, however, have been able, by examining Italian history and other factors, to discern some general characteristics exhibited by Italian-Americans.(17) Two of the sub-characteristics that fall within the defining trait of Italian-Americans, la via vecchia, are a cohesive and traditional structure to the family unit, and a strong penchant to live by strict rules.(18) Two points should be made before discussing each of these individual characteristics. First, these characteristics are derived from not just an "Italian" background, but more specifically, a southern Italian background. Scholars have found that there are tremendous cultural differences between northern and southern Italians and their emigrants to America. …


Background: Production and productivity of potato in Ethiopia is far below the world average due to soil fertility problem, pest, disease, and agronomic factors. Nutrient depletion due to soil erosion is a serious problem in Ethiopian highlands. Annually, 122 kg ha-1 nitrogen, 13 kg ha-1 phosphorous and 82 kg ha-1 potasium were estimated to deplete from Ethiopia (Haileslassie et al., 2005). The essential nutrients like, nitrogen and phosphorus are the most important influential nutrient for the production of potato but they are deficient in most Ethiopian soils and thus an application of these nutrients could increase significantly the crop yields. In this context, an experiment was conducted at Sekota and Lasta Lalibela districts (Woleh and Kechin Abeba irrigation command areas) of eastern Amhara, Ethiopia to investigate the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers for yield and yield component of potato under irrigation condition. Methods: Four rates of nitrogen (0, 46, 92, and 138 kg N kg ha-1) and four rates of phosphorus (0, 23, 46, and 69 Kg P2O5 kg ha-1) were combined in the factorial arrangement and laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. Results: The result of the study revealed that nitrogen and phosphorus had a significant effect on plant height, marketable, and total yield of potato at Kechin Abeba. But phosphorus did not show a significant effect on plant height and unmarketable yield at Sekota district of Woleh irrigation command area. The highest yield 45.55 t ha-1 was obtained from in combined application of 138 N and 23 P2O5 in Lalibela and 17.12 t ha-1 was obtained from in combined application of 138 N kg ha-1 and 46 P2O5 kg ha-1 from Sekota districts of Woleh irrigation command area. Conclusion: The application of 138 kg ha-1 N with 23 kg ha-1 P2O5 is the appropriate rates for optimum productivity of Potato at Lalibela (Kechin Abeba) and Sekota (Woleh) irrigation schemes and the same agro-ecology.


Accelerated corrosion leading to system failure has been observed on printed circuit boards present in industrial environments that contain abnormal levels of reduced sulfur gasses, such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and elemental sulfur. The problem is compounded by the fact that elemental sulfur is regulated by OSHA as a nuisance dust, and is allowed in a human working environment at the parts per thousand levels. Anecdotal data shows clearly that elemental sulfur gas present at the parts per million level can cause computer systems to fail within 2 months of use. Newer technologies such as immersion silver plating are especially susceptible to this type of corrosion. With the rapid growth of organically coated copper (OCC) and immersion silver platings, the number of failures due to reduced sulfur gasses in the environment has risen substantially.


European financial regulation consistently gives governments privileged access to private investors, reflecting the anchor role assigned to sovereign securities as safe and liquid assets for the financial system. Legislative reforms after the financial crisis of 2008 further expanded the preferential treatment of sovereign securities as zero-risk claims, introduced portfolio requirements in favour of public debt, and constrained market speculation against governments. These sovereign privileges appear counterproductive for fiscal discipline and financial stability: they encourage excessive public debt issuance and make financial institutions holding government bonds – in particular from euro area countries with a variable risk profile – vulnerable to fiscal turbulence. Governments seem to have a conflict of interest. On the one hand, they are prudential regulators of financial risk-taking, on the other hand, they tend to overlook the financial sector's exposure to sovereign risk. This article considers four theories of the state-finance nexus and their solutions to this conflict of interest. The money view, the franchise view, and the modern financial repression view draw on the state's monetary and regulatory powers over finance to confirm sovereign safety. Their positions fundamentally contrast with the neoliberal view, which relies on free markets to enforce sustainable public finances. The article concludes that sovereign privileges present a fundamental dilemma for European financial governance with a neoliberal orientation: they oblige private investors to hold public debt, while weakening the role of markets in promoting fiscal discipline as the very foundation of sovereign safety.


Objectives The aims of the study were to determine whether mild, occult sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) moderates the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTI) in older adults and to explore whether CBTI reduces the number of patients eligible for positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy. Methods Data were analyzed for 134 adults 60 years or older with insomnia and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of less than 15 who were randomized to a larger study of CBTI versus a sleep education control. Sleep outcomes (sleep onset latency, total wake time, wake after sleep onset, sleep efficiency, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) were compared between CBTI and control at 6 months using repeated-measures analysis of variance adjusted for baseline values. AHI of 5 or greater versus less than 5 was included as an interaction term to evaluate changes in sleep outcomes. The number of participants at baseline and 6 months with mild SDB for whom insomnia was their only other indication for PAP was also compared between CBTI and control. Results AHI status (AHI ≥ 5 [75.5% of participants] versus AHI < 5) did not moderate improvements in sleep associated with CBTI (all p values ≥ .12). Nine (45.0%) of 20 participants with mild SDB for whom insomnia was their only other indication for PAP therapy at baseline no longer had another indication for PAP at 6 months, with no significant difference between CBTI and control. Conclusions CBTI improves sleep in older veterans with insomnia and untreated mild SDB. Larger trials are needed to assess whether CBTI reduces the number of patients with mild SDB eligible for PAP.


Clinical and X-ray studies were made in 316 patients, which revealed intestinal dyskinesia, chronic colitis, and nonspecific ulcerative colitis in 105, 133, and 78 patients, respectively. Irrigoscopy (administration of a contrast enema, examination of the mucosal contour, and double contrasting) was performed in all the patients, by analyzing X-ray planimetric indices. X-ray colonoplanimetry makes it possible to objectify the interpretation of the X-ray pattern in chronic inflammatory diseases of the large bowel and colonic dyskinesia.


Anaerobic digestion reactors may suffer from acidification when overloading occurs. Carbon-based materials are amended to mitigate the souring effects of excessive loading. This study aims to test if graphene oxide (GO) helps overloaded anaerobic reactors recover faster. Batch tests were conducted following a fed-batch strategy at different GO levels (0, 10, and 20 mg GO per g of volatile solid (VS)) and different inoculum substrate ratios (ISRs) of 2, 1, and 0.75 based on VS. While an ISR of 2 was initially applied, the ISR was decreased to 1 and 0.75 in two parallel sets of experiments to simulate overloading conditions at the fourth feeding cycle. Lastly, an ISR of 2 was restored in all assays. First-order model kinetic constants confirmed a significant (p < 0.05) effect by GO from the third feed on. Although the GO-amended assays did not alleviate the acidification effects, during the final phase the kinetic constants reached values similar to or even above the controls (without GO). Moreover, a GO concentration up to 20 mgGO/gVS had no impact on FOS/TAC. Overall, this study broadens the understanding of the design and operation of anaerobic reactors amended with GO.


The CuI-catalyzed coupling reaction of aryl halides with β-amino acids or β-amino esters is completed at 100 °C in 48 h, which indicates that the structure of the β-amino acid has an accelerating effect for the Ullmann-type aryl amination reaction. This coupling reaction can be used to prepare enantiopure N-aryl β-amino acids. An efficient synthetic route to SB214857, a potent GPIIb/IIIa receptor antagonist, is developed using this method.


Malware, also known as malicious code, refers to a program that is covertly inserted into another program with the intent to destroy data, run destructive or intrusive programs, or otherwise compromise the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of the victim's data, applications, or operating system. Malware is the most common external threat to most hosts, causing widespread damage and disruption and necessitating extensive recovery efforts within most organizations. This publication provides recommendations for improving an organization's malware incident prevention measures. It also gives extensive recommendations for enhancing an organization's existing incident response capability so that it is better prepared to handle malware incidents, particularly widespread ones.


Standing wave tube was used to test the sound absorption abilities and analyze the influence factors of perforated medium density fiberboard (MDF). The test results show that bore diameter, perforated rate and different depth of space from the structure are the key factors influencing the absorption performance of wooden perforated panels, but decorative facing and bore shape have a little contribution to absorption abilities. Research finds that absorption peak will move towards high-frequency with decreasing the bore diameter so as to increase absorption effect in high-frequency, and excellent high-frequency absorption performance can be achieved by increasing perforated rate. On the other hand, larger depth of space from the structure will raise the absorption abilities in low-frequency of the panel.


To determine whether a causal relationship exists between the myocardial hypertrophy and the deficits in myosin ATPase activity and contractile function that have been associated with chronic, experimental pressure overload, we studied contractile function, myosin ATPase, and isomyosin pattern in a model of severe pressure overload in which the pressure overload was surgically relieved but hypertrophy persisted. Severe hypertrophy, contractile dysfunction, and pump failure were produced in the cat right ventricle by tight pulmonary arterial banding. In two groups of cats banded for 2- and 7-wk periods, right ventricular mass doubled, and contractile function was severely depressed compared with controls. In another group of cats subjected to severe right ventricular pressure overload for 4 wk, pressure overload was reversed by removal of the pulmonary arterial band. After a 4-wk recovery period for this group, right ventricular mass remained markedly increased, but contractile function had returned to normal. Changes in neither isomyosin composition nor myosin ATPase activity were found regardless of contractile function. Thus, following reversal of a right ventricular pressure overload severe enough to cause pump failure and a twofold increase in right ventricular mass, muscle contractile function can return to normal even when severe hypertrophy persists. Furthermore, changes in myosin isozyme composition or ATPase activity do not explain the changes in contractile function.


The development of the city has led to the frequent occurrence of traffic accidents. Whether we can analyze those accidents which had happened correctly will directly affect the avoidance of future ones of the similar kind. In this paper, we will establish Bayesian Networks traffic accident analysis model by K2 algorithm, which can make accident probability prediction and accident diagnosis.K2 algorithm is known to all with high efficiency and accuracy, but it requires to obtain order first, so to get the reasonable node order, first use clustering algorithm to divide the nodes into groups, in groups the similarity is high with each other. The probability of parent child relationship is larger, then reorder the nodes in every group by the expert experience finally determine the node sequence. Base on this, we can find the system weak links and adopt corresponding effective measures.


Recent research has focused on enhancing the capability of smaller models through imitation learning, drawing on the outputs generated by large foundation models (LFMs). A number of issues impact the quality of these models, ranging from limited imitation signals from shallow LFM outputs; small scale homogeneous training data; and most notably a lack of rigorous evaluation resulting in overestimating the small model's capability as they tend to learn to imitate the style, but not the reasoning process of LFMs. To address these challenges, we develop Orca (We are working with our legal team to publicly release a diff of the model weights in accordance with LLaMA's release policy to be published at https://aka.ms/orca-lm), a 13-billion parameter model that learns to imitate the reasoning process of LFMs. Orca learns from rich signals from GPT-4 including explanation traces; step-by-step thought processes; and other complex instructions, guided by teacher assistance from ChatGPT. To promote this progressive learning, we tap into large-scale and diverse imitation data with judicious sampling and selection. Orca surpasses conventional state-of-the-art instruction-tuned models such as Vicuna-13B by more than 100% in complex zero-shot reasoning benchmarks like Big-Bench Hard (BBH) and 42% on AGIEval. Moreover, Orca reaches parity with ChatGPT on the BBH benchmark and shows competitive performance (4 pts gap with optimized system message) in professional and academic examinations like the SAT, LSAT, GRE, and GMAT, both in zero-shot settings without CoT; while trailing behind GPT-4. Our research indicates that learning from step-by-step explanations, whether these are generated by humans or more advanced AI models, is a promising direction to improve model capabilities and skills.


Therapeutic recreation (TR) is an important contributor to the health and well-being of residents living in long term care (LTC). In order to enhance quality of life of residents, it is essential that Therapeutic Recreationists have gerontological competencies and knowledge relevant to LTC. The confidence levels of Therapeutic Recreationists (n = 130) and recreation staff (n = 357) in performing gerontological competencies in long term care, Therapeutic Recreationists" perceived gaps in their gerontological competencies and TR educators" perceptions on graduates" competencies were examined. A quantitative descriptive study was conducted. A survey was distributed to long term care homes in Ontario. Results indicated that recreation staff (1) have the least amount of confidence in writing care plans and assessing spirituality; (2) they have the most confidence in implementing programs for residents with dementia and physical disabilities, and recognizing that resident behaviour is communication based on need; and (3) have higher confidence if they took in-service training and continuing education courses. TR graduates have the least amount of confidence in completing RAI-MDS, assessing spirituality, and assessing physical health and illness conditions. The recent TR graduates revealed that learning about aging topics in courses is associated with confidence levels in gerontological competencies and that internship/placement experience was not associated with confidence levels in gerontological competencies. Further research should examine gerontological competencies and gerontological content in TR curricula including practitioner perspectives of required competencies and gaps in the LTC setting. This study can assist educators in designing programs for TR candidates that may better prepare them for working with residents in LTC.


Outdoor environments for health and well-being is the main topic for an international master's programme offered at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, leading to a master's degree with a major in Landscape Architecture (120 credits). The programme is offered at full time and part time study. Each course includes 2-4 meetings. The programme offers both theoretical foundation within environmental perception, place attachment and landscape architecture. There are courses covering topics on health promoting outdoor environments for different groups of users ranging from public places for children's play and education for elderly in sheltered living. The courses also focus on specific target groups with specific needs such as rehabilitation or therapy. Two such courses are:
1) Nature-Based Interventions (NBI), with focus on the different types of outdoor environments where the na-tural space is the primary element of the intervention (focus on the landscape and places as health promoting resources) and the course
2) Nature-Assisted Interventions (NAI), with focus on nature and natural elements such as plants and animals as a medium in a health promoting intervention with focus on activi-ties (focus on the actvities that can be perfor-med either outdoors or indoors such as hospitals, elder care homes, schools, space shuttles/in space, etc.). This factsheet is based on students' work within the course Nature-Assisted Interven-tions during spring 2018. The course is divided into four modules where the two first blocks provide overview and introduction into the field of research on plant-human interactions and animal-human interactions as well as introduction to practical examples in real world situations. The third module is performed as a case study, where the student visit and study practical examples of Nature-Assisted Interventions with focus on activities (independent of place - outdoors or indoors). The last module focuses on abstraction of knowledge from the cases. The students presented their cases for each other in smaller groups and afterwards, extracted what they understood as the "core essences" of NAI. From there, the students discussed and wrote abstracts on the topic illustrated in posters, presented in this factsheet.


The eleven lessons in this tutorial introduce you to the design capabilities of Creo Parametric 2.0. The tutorial covers the major concepts and frequently used commands required to advance from a novice to an intermediate user level. Major topics include part and assembly creation, and creation of engineering drawings. Also illustrated are the major functions that make Creo Parametric a parametric solid modeler. These topics are further demonstrated in the video files that come with every book. Although the commands are presented in a click-by-click manner, an effort has been made, in addition to showing/illustrating the command usage, to explain why certain commands are being used and the relation of feature selection and construction to the overall part design philosophy. Simply knowing where commands can be found is only half the battle. As is pointed out numerous times in the text, creating useful and effective models of parts and assemblies requires advance planning and forethought. Moreover, since error recovery is an important skill, considerable time is spent exploring the created models. In fact, some errors are intentionally induced so that users will become comfortable with the debugging phase of model creation. At the end of each lesson is a short quiz reviewing the new topics covered in that chapter. Following the quiz are several simple exercise parts that can be created using new commands taught in that lesson. In addition to these an ongoing project throughout the book is also included. This project consists of several parts that are introduced with the early lessons and finally assembled at the end. Table of Contents Introduction to Creo Parametric 1. User Interface, View Controls and Model Structure 2. Creating a Simple Object (Part I) 3. Creating a Simple Object (Part II) 4. Revolved Protrusions, Mirror Copies, Rounds, and Chamfers 5. Modeling Utilities and the 3 Rs 6. Datum Planes and Sketcher Tools 7. Patterns and Copies 8. Engineering Drawings 9. Assembly Fundamentals 10. Assembly Operations 11. Sweeps and Blends Appendix: Creo Parametric Customization Index


Cerebral cortex cytoarchitecture of speech-motor areas 44 and 45 in the left and right hemispheres of brain of men and women has been studied. Series of frontal sections stained with cresyl violet using Nissl's method have been investigated. In layer III, the surface of profile area of neurons, its width and the width of the whole cortex diameter have been measured. No significant differences of these values between men and women were detected. However, there was a clear tendency of increased values of these parameters in the left hemisphere in men, as compared with women, while women had highest values in the right hemisphere.


Among the explanations for state ratification of human rights treaties, few are more common and widely accepted than the conjecture that states are rewarded for ratification by other states. These rewards are expected to come in the form of tangible benefits—foreign aid, trade, and investment—and intangible benefits such as praise, acceptance, and legitimacy. Surprisingly, these explanations for ratification have never been tested empirically. We summarize and clarify the theoretical underpinnings of "reward-for-ratification" theories and test these propositions empirically by looking for increased international aid, economic agreements, and public praise and recognition following ratification of four prominent human rights treaties. We find almost no evidence that states can expect increased tangible or intangible rewards after ratification. Given the lack of empirical support, alternative explanations seem more appealing for understanding human rights treaty ratification.


In a London suburban general practice 87 hypertensives have been followed up for more than 15 years. These represented one third of all those (270) aged 30-59 diagnosed as being hypertensive. Females outnumbered males by 2.5: 1. Most (85 per cent), had mild or moderate high blood pressure at first diagnosis with a diastolic blood pressure less than 120mm Hg.At assessment 15-25 years from first diagnosis, 58 (78 per cent) were still alive and of these 51 (58 per cent) were well and had no obvious ill effects; 17 (20 per cent) had complications from their high blood pressures. Deaths occurred in 19 (22 per cent) after more than 15 years of observation.I suggest that within the condition which we label as hypertension there are many in whom the condition is relatively benign and may be left untreated with hypotensives. These tend to be women rather than men, the older rather than the younger, and those with lower diastolic blood pressures.Once diagnosed, high blood pressure is not necessarily a progressive condition. In one third (30 per cent) of this group the diastolic blood pressures fell during the period of observation, in 18 per cent it remained unchanged and in 52 per cent it rose.


This paper is concerned with a notch sensibility study of a thermoplastic composite produced from a bi-directional woven E-glass fibres and polypropylene. Experimental tests were performed in three points bending using notched and unotched specimens of polypropylene glass fibres reinforced laminates to evaluate flexural properties and fatigue behaviour. Fatigue results were plotted as the stress range against the number of cycles to failure. The fatigue damage was measured in terms of the stiffness loss. The testes carried out using notched specimens present lower values of both static and fatigue strengths than the unnotched specimens tests.


Vegetation changes, particularly those involving transitions between tree‐ and grass‐dominated covers, often modify evaporative water losses as a result of plant‐mediated shifts in moisture access and demand. Massive afforestation of native grasslands, particularly important in the Southern Hemisphere, may have strong yet poorly quantified effects on the hydrological cycle. We explored water use patterns in Eucalyptus grandis plantations and the native humid grasslands that they replace in Central Argentina. In order to uncover the interactive effects that land cover type, soil texture and climate variability may have on evaporative water losses and water use efficiency, we estimated daily evapotranspiration (ET) in 117 tree plantations and grasslands plots across a soil textural gradient (clay‐textured Vertisols to sandy‐textured Entisols) using radiometric information from seven Landsat scenes, existing timber productions records, and 13C measurements in tree stems. Tree plantations had cooler surface temperatures (−5°C on average) and evaporated more water (+80% on average) than grasslands at all times and across all sites. Absolute ET differences between grasslands and plantations ranged from ∼0.6 to 2 mm day−1 and annual up‐scaling suggested values of ∼630 and ∼1150 mm yr−1 for each vegetation type, respectively. The temporal variability of ET was significantly lower in plantations compared with grasslands (coefficient of variation 36% vs. 49%). Daily ET increased as the water balance became more positive (accumulated balance for previous 18 days) with a saturation response in grassland vs. a continuous linear increase in plantations, suggesting lower ecophysiological limits to water loss in tree canopies compared with the native vegetation. Plantation ET was more strongly affected by soil texture than grassland ET and peaked in coarse textured sites followed by medium and fine textured sites. Timber productivity as well as 13C concentration in stems peaked in medium textured sites, indicating lower water use efficiency on extreme textures and suggesting that water limitation was not responsible for productivity declines towards finer and coarser soils. Our study highlighted the key role that vegetation type plays on evapotranspiration and, therefore, in the hydrological cycle. Considering that tree plantations may continue their expansion over grasslands, problematic changes in water management and, perhaps, in local climate can develop from the higher evaporative water losses of tree plantations.


Micro Air Vehicles (MAVs) are miniature airplanes constructed from state-of-the-art materials, designed to be small, light, and highly resilient. Current applications include surveillanc e, reconnaissance, and munitions. Many of the planes, because of their size, have unconventional designs with respect to the wings and control surfaces. Ins tability introduced by the small non-traditional aircraft designs must be addressed, to eliminate th e need for an expert pilot for aircraft control and navigation. In this paper we present a state-of-the -art technology development focused on the technologies and components required to enable flig ht at small scales, including flight control, power and propulsion, navigation, multi-purpose structures, advanced communications and information systems, Micro-electro-mechanical Systems (MEMS), advanced sensors, and lightweight, efficient high-density power sources


Multiculturalism based on toleration negates the politics of exclusion. Being a permanent phenomenon of the Turkish politics, Alevism, since the past two decades, is a fact requiring genuine solution based on justice and fair play. Alevism cannot achieve it by itself. Though since 1980s and particularly after 1990, there emerged a wave of Alevi's revivalism due mainly to the mass migration of Alevis from rural to urban cities, explosion of media, collapse of the USSR and mass publication of books and journals, this revivalism should not be viewed as a strength vis-a-vis the majority. Due to its internal divisions and disagreements, Alevism does not (and cannot) play a dominant role in Turkish politics. The migration to the urban cities has brought into existence a process of soft and delicate mode of Alevis' assimilation. Alevism gives emphasis on the Kemalist version of secularism and has a number of complaints from the present government struggling for restructuring and remodeling the existing version of secularism. For this purpose the present study tries to give answers to two questions "Is Turkish secularism an acceptable political mechanism for Alevis?" and "Can Alevis as a religious group pose any threat to the social integrity of Turkish society?"


The syntheses of two chiral fomocaines namely rac ({4-[2-methyl-3-(morpholin-4-yl)propyl]benzyl}-phenyl-ether (O/G 3) and rac {4-[1-methyl-3-(morpholin-4-yl)propyl]benzyl}-phenyl-ether) (O/G 5) are reported. These compounds are part of a new research program concerning the relation between chirality and local anaesthetic activity in the group of fomocaines. The yield over five steps is in the range of 9% (O/G 3) up to 19,2% (O/G 5). The racemates were resoluted via the diastereomeric salts formed with (+)- or (-)-camphersulfonic acid. The chromatographic resolution in analytical scale is successful using a Daicel OD-column, The enantiomers are stable. The surface anaesthesia of the racemates as well as of the enantiomeres is weaker in comparison with fomocaine. The rate of tissue irritation is higher. The LD 50 (mouse i.v.) is in the range between 290-390 mg/kg, while fomocaine shows a LD 50 value of 175 mg/kg.


Short-term effects of bottom trawling on a 'hard-bottom' (pebble, cobble, and boulder) seafloor were studied on the outer continental shelf in the eastern Gulf of Alaska. Eight sites were trawled in August 1996; then, from a research submersible we videotaped each trawl path and a nearby reference transect to obtain quantitative data. Boulders were displaced, and large epifaunal invertebrates were removed or damaged by a single trawl pass. These structural components of habitat were the dominant features on the seafloor. There was a significant decrease in density, and an increase in damage, to sponges and anthozoans in trawled versus reference transects. Changes in density, or damage to most motile invertebrates were not detected. Delayed mortality, of apparently undamaged invertebrates, may have resulted in greater impact than we detected. Alternatively, over time, some invertebrates may have recovered from any damage previously suffered. A subsequent survey at these sites will address these questions.


Lenalidomide (LEN) is effective in alleviating anemia in patients with MDS. Patients with del5q show particularly good responsiveness to LEN, but this drug has a significant activity in MDS patients without del5q and those with MDS/MPN and MPN. Currently, apart from del5q no routine molecular biomarkers have been identified to better predict response to LEN. Here, based on ability to perform a broad, unbiased mutational screen using generation sequencing (NGS) we hypothesized that somatic mutational patterns may help identify patients with myeloid malignancies who would benefit from LEN.

To that end, we identified a cohort of 92 patients with myeloid malignancies who were treated with LEN. Response criteria were by the 2006 International Working Group and only those who received at least 3 months of LEN were selected for outcome analysis. Sequencing was performed using targeted NGS for the 60 most common mutated genes (frequency >2%; 87% CI) identified by whole exome sequencing cohort (see another abstract from our group). Our approach focused on previously described and/or confirmed mutations, acknowledging that there may be some false negatives and our spectrum may not be entirely complete. For most of the cases confirmatory targeted Sanger sequencing for the top 19 mutations has been performed, in addition to NGS. For some analyses we also divided mutations into functional gene families; e.g., DNMT family ( DNMT1 / 3A / 3B ), PRC2 family ( EZH2 / EED / SUZ12 / JARID2 / RBBP4 / PHF1 ), IDH family ( IDH1/2 ), RAS family ( NRAS / KRAS / HRAS/NF1 / RIT1 / PTPN11 ), cohesin, various spliceosomal gene families among others.

Median age was 68 years (range, 20-84); according to IPSS there were 66 were lower (Low and Int-1) and 24 higher risk (Int-2; RAEB1/2 and some sAML) patients. According to cytogenetic risk groups there were 60% low, 18% intermediate, 22% poor risk patients; 31% had del5q. Overall response rate was 61%; rate of CR (including marrow/cytogenetic CR) was 19.5%, PR 5%, any HI 37%, SD 4%; 34% of patient were refractory. The cohort was then dichotomized into "responders" and "refractory," with responders classified as those achieving CR, PR or any HI for the purpose of this analysis. Response rate was higher among del5q compared to non del5q (69% vs. 57%). Within the whole cohort the most frequently mutated genes were SF3B1 (24%), ASXL1 (18%), TET2 (17%), DNMT3A (14%), RUNX1 (12%), and U2AF1 (10%). At least one of the spliceosomal gene mutations was found in 37 (40%) cases and these seemed to be mutually exclusive.

We compared the mutations frequencies in responders vs. non responders and conversely response within mutant or wild type (WT) cases and prioritized them according to p value for subsequent analyses. For instance, ASXL1 (29% vs. 13%; p= .052), U2AF1 (20% vs. 4%; p= .025), DNMT3A (22% vs. 10%; p= .1), LUC7L2 (12.5% vs. 0%; p= .02), SETBP1 (12% vs. 2%; p= .071) and RAS family (12% vs. 4%; p= .2) mutations seem overrepresented among refractory cases. Albeit rare, mutations in ASXL1 , U2AF1 , and LUC7L2 were always associated with refractoriness. Among responders, mutations in RUNX1 (17% vs. 6%; p= .2), EZH2 (7% vs. 3%; p= .6), TP53 (6% vs. 3%; p= 1) were more prevalent. SETBP1 mutant cases were also more likely to be refractory. Interestingly, all 3 DDX41 mutant cases were responders. The results were augmented when mutations were grouped according to pathways showing e.g., that mutations in ASXL1 / ASXL2 and SRSF2 / ZRSR2 / LUC7L2 were significantly associated with refractoriness (32%; p= .025 and 26%; p= .009, respectively). We next adopted the algorithm when multiple genes were combined in "either-or" fashion. Such an analysis revealed that patients with mutations in either/or ASXL1 / U2AF1 (39% vs. 14%) were significantly associated with refractoriness (p= .007; OR 1.4). Similarly, patients harboring either/or RUNX1 / EZH2 (22% vs. 6%) were significantly associated with response (p= .041, OR 3.8). Multivariate analyses confirmed U2AF1 mutation to be associated with refractoriness to LEN (OR 6.64; CI: 1.18-37.34; p= .032). Of importance is that presence of TP53 (4/5 mutant cases were responders) and RAS gene family mutations (4/6 refractory cases), usually associated to refractoriness to conventional chemotherapy, did not preclude response to LEN.

Our results demonstrate that analysis of somatic mutational patterns may be helpful in predicting patients who most likely benefit or those who will be refractory to LEN therapy.

Disclosures: Makishima: AA & MDS international foundation: Research Funding; Scott Hamilton CARES grant: Research Funding. Sekeres: Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amgen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Maciejewski: Celgene: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau.


Microwave and far-infrared high-resolution spectroscopies have been used to investigate
the vibrational, rotational, and tunneling dynamics of water-containing, hydrogenbonded
dimers, towards the goal of converting the recorded spectra into intermolecular
potential energy surfaces (IPSs). Such intermolecular interactions are the basis for
much of biological structure and function, as well as reaction and solution dynamics,
and a comprehensive set of key IPSs can form the basis set for molecular modeling of
these complex phenomena. Specifically studied in this work are the following dimers
and some of their isotopomers: N_2•••H_2O, OC•••H_2O, H_3N•••H_2O, CH_3OH•••H_2O.
These dimers constitute a series of increasing binding energy, dynamical complexity,
and chemical and biological importance. The dimers of water with isoelectronic N_2 and CO are treated jointly because
of their similar properties and level of study. The b-type K = 0 → 1 rotational
spectra for N_2•••H_2O and OC•••H_2O, as well as isotopomers containing HOD, D_2O,
and ^(13)CO, were recorded between 325 and 661 GHz and measurements were also
extended for the a-type spectra of the N_2•••H_2O and OC•••H_2O isotopomers. Each
rotational transition was split by the effects of large-amplitude tunneling of the hydrogen
and nitrogen nuclei, and the number of tunneling components corresponded
with that predicted from PI theory. After the effects of tunneling had been removed
from the rotational constants, the structures of the two different complexes were fit
to the rotational moments of inertia. These structures correspond to a nearly linear
hydrogen bond and alignment of heavy atoms. The tunneling selection rules for
OC•••H_2O were confirmed to be "top-to-bottom, bottom-to-top," and the tunneling
splittings were obtained from the difference in the A_(eff) rotational constants. Using
two- and three-term Fourier expansions, the one-dimensional tunneling coordinate
was fit to the tunneling splittings for OC•••H_2O and OC•••D_2O. Ab initio surfaces
are used both to visualize the tunneling modes and as a basis for normal mode analyses.
A reasonable and justified normal mode separation is presented, with the five
intermolecular degrees of freedom separated into geared and anti-geared in-plane and
out-of-plane motions of the the subunits as well as the intermolecular stretch. Finally,
partial VRT spectra for both complexes recorded between 42 and 53 cm^(-1) are
presented and preliminarily assigned to the in-plane geared motion. Microwave and far-infrared spectra of the H_3N•••H_2O dimer were recorded from
36 to 86 GHz and 520 to 800 GHz. The a-type pure rotational microwave data extend
the previous m = 0,K = 0 A-symmetry manifold measurements of Herbine and Dyke
[J. Chem. Phys. 83, 3768 (1980)] to higher frequency and also provide an additional
set of microwave transitions in the mK = +1 E symmetry manifold. Two sets of five
b-type rotation-tunneling bands one set shifted from the other by an approximately
constant 113 MHz, were observed in the far-infrared. The splitting into two sets arises
from water tunneling, while the overall band structure is due to internal rotation of the
ammonia top. Non-linear least-squares fits to an internal rotor Hamiltonian provided
rotational constants, and an estimation of V_3 = 10.5 ±5.0 cm^(-1) for the barrier height
to internal rotation for the NH3 monomer. A non-linear equilibrium hydrogen bond is
most consistent with the vibrationally averaged rotational constants; with the angle
cos^(-1) [〈λ_z〉] determined from 〈λ_z〉, the projection of the ammonia's angular momentum
onto the framework. The water tunneling splitting and observed selection rules place
constraints on the barrier height for proton exchange of the water as well as the most
feasible water tunneling path along the intermolecular potential energy surface. An
estimated barrier of 700 cm^(-1) was derived for the water tunneling motion about its
c axis. Finally, microwave spectra of CH_3OH•••H-2O and CH_3OD•••D_2O were recorded
between 20 and 60 GHz, along with data from our collaborators at the National Institute
for Science and Technology for CH_3OH•••H_2O, ^(13)CH_3OH•••H_2O, CH_3OH•••DOH,
CD_3OH•••H_2O, and CH_3OD•••D_2O between 7 and 24 GHz. Because CH_3OH and
H_2O are both capable of accepting and donating hydrogen bonds, there existed some
question as to which donor-acceptor pairing of the molecules was the lowest energy
form. This question is further emphasized by the ambiguity and variety present in
previous experimental and computational results. Transitions from the methyl torsional
A state were assigned for the various isotopomers. The fit of the structure to
the rotational constants gave unambiguous confirmation that the only conformation
observed in the supersonically cooled molecular beams corresponded to a water-donor,
methanol-acceptor complex.


At the heart of Jürgen Habermas's explication of communicative rationality is the contention that all speech acts oriented to understanding raise three different kinds of validity claims simultaneously: claims to truth, truthfulness, and normative rightness. This paper argues that Habermas presents exactly three distinct, logically independent arguments for his simultaneity thesis: an argument from structure; an argument from criticizability/rejectability; and an argument from understanding/reaching understanding. It is further maintained that the simultaneity thesis receives cogent support only from the Argument from understanding/reaching understanding, and only if the notion of 'understanding' is expanded to that of 'agreement'.


We consider the problem of distributed online learning with multiple players in multiarmed bandit (MAB) models. Each player can pick among multiple arms. When a player picks an arm, it gets a reward. We consider both independent identically distributed (i.i.d.) reward model and Markovian reward model. In the i.i.d. model, each arm is modeled as an i.i.d. process with an unknown distribution with an unknown mean. In the Markovian model, each arm is modeled as a finite, irreducible, aperiodic and reversible Markov chain with an unknown probability transition matrix and stationary distribution. The arms give different rewards to different players. If two players pick the same arm, there is a collision, and neither of them get any reward. There is no dedicated control channel for coordination or communication among the players. Any other communication between the users is costly and will add to the regret. We propose an online index-based distributed learning policy called dUCB4 algorithm that trades off exploration versus exploitation in the right way, and achieves expected regret that grows at most as near- O(log2T). The motivation comes from opportunistic spectrum access by multiple secondary users in cognitive radio networks wherein they must pick among various wireless channels that look different to different users. This is the first distributed learning algorithm for multiplayer MABs with heterogeneous players (that have player-dependent rewards) to the best of our knowledge.


There is a growing need for better project management in e-Government endeavors to bring together people with diverse knowledge and skills so they can develop and implement project activities effectively and efficiently. This paper is a research report on eGTPM (e-Government Transformation Project Management) platform, a project management tool which assists implementers and decision-makers in e-Government project planning and control. eGTPM Platform improves most existing commercial tools by integrating goal orientation and dynamic enterprise modeling (DEM) principles into the knowledge building tool developed at the Decision Systems Laboratory in National Technical University of Athens. By employing goal orientation and DEM principles' concepts, eGTPM facilitates communication and collaboration among all involved parties in order to jointly identify project needs and requirements and to reduce the number of changes due to misunderstandings. eGTPM also includes a knowledge based project control advisor which contains heuristic knowledge to guide users to possible design alternatives. The paper describes eGTPM's components and possible directions for future work.


The Family Environment Scale, a 90-item true-false instrument used to evaluate the social climate of families, was administered to 17 socially maladjusted adolescents. The results showed that these adolescents perceived their families as not highly supportive or concerned about each member's welfare. These families were perceived as providing little cultural, intellectual or recreational stimulation in the home. The families scored relatively higher on the Conflict subscale which measures the extent to which open expression of anger and aggression are characteristic of the family. Implications of these data for understanding and programming for the socially maladjusted child were discussed. Also the clinical and educational utility, e.g., structuring counseling sessions, planning home visits, of the scale was delineated.


Experiments of 34 dogs were made to study alterations in the cardio- and hemodynamics and microcirculation in the mesenterium during hypotension caused by hemorrhage after intravenous injection of sodium hydroxybutyrate and intravenous re-infusion of heparinized blood under a pressure of 80-120 mm Hg. It was established that single injection of sodium hydroxybutyrate in a dose of 180-200 mg/kg after a 60-minute decrease in the arterial pressure to 40 mm Hg increases pump function of the heart, venous blood returns to the heart, and improves microcirculation. This improvement manifests by the rise in the blood flow rate in the microvessels and in the number of functioning capillaries, and by diminution of red cell aggregation. Favourable effect of the drug is seen within the first minutes after injection and remains unchanged for one hour. Intravenous blood pumping under long-term hypotension is an effective approach to making for the lost blood in the presence of the preceding injection of sodium hydroxybutyrate.


We have previously cloned the human UDP-galactose ceramide galactosyltransferase (CGT, E.C. 18.104.22.168) cDNA. Its open reading frame encodes the key enzyme in the biosynthesis of the glycosphingolipids, cerebrosides and sulfatides, essential constituents of the myelin membrane of the central nervous system (CNS) and PNS. Expression of the CGT gene and of the myelin-specific proteins in the terminal differentiated oligodendrocyte of CNS and in Schwann cells of PNS is cell-specific and highly time-regulated. The CGT gene therefore is important in the differentiation program of the oligodendrocyte lineage. Here we report the structural organization and the chromosomal localization of the human CGT gene. The coding sequence is separated into five exons, which are distributed over >40 kb. The CGT locus was mapped to the distal region of human chromosome 4, band q26. The organization of the CGT gene and of the UGT (uridylglucuronosyltransferases) gene family suggests a correlation to functional domains of the encoded proteins.


Myiasis is a parasitic infestation caused by larvae of several fly species. Diagnosis and treatment are simple. This infestation is, however, rarely seen in the vulvar area. We present a short review of the disease and the case of a 19-year-old pregnant girl with vulvar myiasis and concomitant syphilis, vaginal trichomoniasis and genital candidiasis. The patient was also positive for human immunodeficiency virus.


This work focuses on the analysis of the architecture in the Syro-Hittite centres that developed in northern Syria and south-eastern Turkey from the early Iron Age until the Assyrian conquest of the area. A circumwalled lower town and an upper fortified acropolis constituted the usual layout of these centres. These sites were excavated and most of the reports were published between the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. The scope of this study is to analyse the architecture of this period in relationship to all archaeological finds (decoration, inscriptions, objects and installations) as part of an organised space, with the purpose of understanding the spatial organisation of the towns and identify general patterns that may support the existence of a cultural aekoiicAE."


Monitoring design is one of basic problems during the development of manufacturing execution systems. In this paper we study the monitoring problems for the Aircraft assembly system in manufacturing execution system environment according to the computer integrated manufacturing system architecture of the Aircraft Company in China. We show that the problem of designing monitoring system for manual assembly system is reducible to modeling and synthesizing problem of monitoring system based on Object Petri Nets. Next the problem of implementing the monitoring system results in designing of structure and functions of the monitoring system. In particular, an efficient rapid prototype schema for implementation is presented. An application is demonstrated how to deal with object Petri nets based monitoring for the aircraft vertical fin assembling.


Subduction‐induced deep hydration and water cycling may strongly control the modification of overriding cratonic lithosphere. Two contrasting modes are generally proposed: (1) flat subduction (FS) regime with slab subducting subhorizontally beneath the overriding lithosphere and (2) big mantle wedge (BMW) regime with slab flattening at the bottom of mantle transition zone. Here, systematic numerical models are built to study the subduction‐induced deep hydration processes in the contrasting FS and BMW regimes as well as their effects on the modification of overriding lithosphere. The model results indicate that the dehydration process in the FS regime can significantly modify the overriding lithosphere for a region of about 600 km from the trench. During the progressive flat subduction, the partial melting and magmatism migrate toward the inner land of the overriding plate, which will be reversed and backward to the trench during the transition from flat to steep slab subduction. On the other hand, the deep hydration in the BMW regime is strongly dependent on the subcrustal serpentinite layer in the subducting slab, whereas the oceanic crust cannot carry water to the transition zone. The modification of the overriding lithosphere in the BMW regime occurs in a larger region of >1,000 km from trench, which is, however, generally slower and weaker. Thus, the flat subduction of Izanagi plate may play a more significant role in the modification of North China Craton in the late Jurassic to early Cretaceous, which could be accompanied by the effects of deep water cycling in the BMW regime.


Organizations continue to deploy enterprise systems (ESs) to improve information flow, reduce costs, and increase operational efficiencies. Realization of these benefits can be enhanced if more is known about the preceding factors that enable transformation of ES data into successful outcomes. This study identifies the critical success factors (CSFs) that influence the process for transforming ES data into knowledge, which leads to business benefits from ES implementation. A multiple case study approach is used to examine how three hi-tech manufacturing companies in New Zealand have deployed an ES and, specifically, the CSFs that contributed to business benefits. The findings emphasize that benefit realization from an ES implementation is a holistic process that not only includes the essential data and technology factors, but also includes business strategy deployment, people and process management, and skills and competency development.


ABSTRACT Carbonates cover an extensive area of the northwestern Ross Sea continental shelf. Radiocarbon dates yield late Pleistocene (Stage 3) ages for these deposits, hence the carbonates appear to be correlative with widespread tills and glacial marine deposits in the region. Four carbonate facies are recognized on the basis of skeletal composition: a barnacle/foraminifer facies, a muddy bryozoan facies, a bryozoan/barnacle/pelecypod/foraminifer facies, and a planktonic foraminiferal facies. These deposits occur on the shelf and upper slope, while carbonate turbidites derived from them occur on the adjacent continental slope and rise. Compositional analyses of Ross Sea carbonates lend support to previously recognized criteria for identifying cold water carbonates. These include: 1) the presence of an associated ice-rafted component (including dropstones); 2) a dominance of calcite relative to other carbonate minerals (the remaining fraction consists solely of aragonite); 3) allochems that are entirely skeletal; and 4) heavy oxygen isotopic compositions (in the range of + 3.0 to +5.1% PDB).


The aim of this paper was to investigate the influence of knowledge and experience in a specific domain on the formation of opinions regarding a particular issue. The research focused on cryptocurrencies, chosen due to their relatively new and unexplored nature in terms of opinion formation. A survey questionnaire was used to collect data from 778 university students, which were then analyzed using the SmartPLS package. The survey was conducted in Poland, a country where cryptocurrencies are treated relatively neutrally, not being banned but also not widely accepted as a means of payment. The main research question addressed whether previously acquired knowledge and experience with cryptocurrencies impact opinion formation. Four latent variables were examined: Experience, Perceived Benefits, Perceived Disadvantages, and Opinion Formation. The findings reveal that Experience has the strongest influence on Opinion Formation, followed by Perceived Benefits, which has a positive effect, and Perceived Disadvantages, which has a negative effect. Therefore, the hypotheses were supported, indicating a positive association between Perceived Benefits and Opinion Formation (H1), as well as between respondents' Experience with cryptocurrencies and Opinion Formation (H3). Additionally, H2 was supported, indicating a negative association between Perceived Disadvantages and Opinion Formation. Our research results enrich the literature, particularly in the field of interdisciplinary approaches to cryptocurrencies, knowledge, and experience.


The study analyses the relationship between real economy convergence and the convergence of relative prices. Similar to its peers in the CEE region, a significant part of Hungary's price convergence with developed Western European countries can be attributed to the convergence of the real economy. The crisis, however, impeded catching-up in the entire region, leaving relative prices largely unchanged in the subsequent periods. In addition to decelerating real convergence, this may also have resulted from depreciating nominal exchange rates. The relationship between relative price levels and economic development is often explained by the Balassa-Samuelson effect; according to the findings, however, this effect accounts for only a part of the real appreciation observed in the region over the past one-and-a-half decades. This may have resulted primarily from problems concerning the data required for the estimation of the Balassa-Samuelson effect. Thus, in interpreting the findings, the main focus is a direct estimation of the relationship between relative price levels and economic development. The rate of expected price convergence in Hungary can be calculated from assumptions about future economic growth, relying on estimates pertaining to the relationship between relative price levels and economic development. According to our estimates, real convergence may be accompanied by price convergence of 0.5–1 per cent per annum. This calculation, however, involves significant uncertainty. The lower growth rate of regulated prices may lead to lower convergence rates, while higher economic growth compared to the euro area may drive faster price convergence.


Background Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a malignancy derived from haematopoietic stem cells in which maturation and apoptosis are blocked and proliferation is uncontrolled during differentiation. With the optimization of chemotherapy regimens, the emergence of new drugs and the development of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation technology, the complete remission (CR) rate and long-term survival of AML patients have significantly improved, but 20-40% of patients still have difficulty achieving a CR. Furthermore, approximately 60% of patients eventually relapse after a CR. Patients who are unable to obtain a CR and who relapse after remission are more likely to develop refractory AML. For patients with refractory/relapsed AML, there is no standard rescue therapy, and general chemotherapy drugs have limited efficacy. It is of great significance to explore new salvage treatment options.
 Venetoclax (ABT-199) is an effective oral inhibitor of Bcl-2. ABT-199 has been used to treat various in vitro and in vivo tumour models, including AML models, and these experiments have shown its effectiveness as a single agent. However, its efficacy is very limited in refractory/relapsed AML, Mcl-1 play important roles in ABT-199 resistance. As an ancient pro-apoptotic drug, arsenic trioxide (ATO) has been shown to induce apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. ATO can downregulate the expression of Mcl-1, thereby inducing apoptosis.
 objective To explore not only the synergistic pro-apoptotic effects of the Bcl-2 inhibitor ABT-199 and ATO on AML cell lines and AML primary cells, but also the clinical effects on refractory/relapsing AML patients.
 Methods 1. Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 mRNA and protein levels in AML cell lines (MOLM13, MV4-11, THP-1, OCI-AML3, U937) were detected by real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively; 2.Apoptosis rates of AML cell lines after treatment with different concentrations of ABT-199 or ATO alone or in combination were measured by flow cytometry; 3. The transcriptomes of THP-1 and OCI-AML3 cells before and after treatment with ABT-199 or ATO alone or in combination were analysed; 4. Western blot, co-immunoprecipitation, cell cycle assay ABT-199, ATO effect on oci-AML3 cells; 5. ABT-199 combined with ATO in the treatment of patients with relapsed and refractory AML, the specific program is: ABT-199 100mg d1, 200mg d2, 400mg d3-28, oral 30 minutes after breakfast, ATO 6mg/m2, d1-28, daily intravenous infusion for 6 hours, review the effect of bone marrow aspiration on the 28th day.
 Results 1.MOLM13, MV4-11, THP-1, OCI-AML3 and U937 cells expressed both Bcl-2 and Mcl-1. The sensitivity of AML cell lines to ABT-199 was positively correlated with the Bcl-2 protein expression level; 2.In AML cell lines whether ABT-sensitive or ABT-resistant and primary AML cells, ABT-199 and ATO synergistically promoted apoptosis in a time- and concentration-dependent manner; 3. ABT-199 up-regulated the expression of Mcl-1 in ABT-resistant OCI-AML3 cells, ATO down-regulated the expression of p-AKT, p-GSK3β, and Mcl-1, and the expression of Mcl-1 decreased after the combination of the two drugs. Bim and Mcl-1 protein binding decreased after treatment OCI-AML3 cells with the combination of the two drugs for 24h; 4. ATO promotes DNA damage, and the effect is further enhanced when combinated with ABT-199; 5. A total of 7 patients with relapse were treated with ABT-ATO combined regimen. Four of the 7 patients had multiple relapses and 3 patients had short-term recurrence after remission, with an average age of 49 years. On the 28th day, the bone marrow was reviewed. Two of them achieved CRi, one case with Leukemia-free state (MLFS), two cases with PR, one case with SD, and one case with PD.
 Conclusion We demenstrated ATO could reverse AML resistance to ABT-199 and the synergistic effects of the combination of ATO and ABT-199, which may provide a new and probably more effective treatment strategy for refractory/relapsed AML .
 Key Words Bcl-2 inhibitor; ABT-199; arsenic trioxide; Mcl-1; AKT; apoptosis

 No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Roby Adi Wibowo, Subali , in paper implementation of ARM manipulator and color sensor in prototype of color box sorter automation system based on microcontroller AVR ATMega 8535 explain that the rapid development of technology at all times encourage people to overcome problems that arise around it. With a view to facilitate the work and time efficiency. Included in the field of automation control systems in a work process. One of these systems automation in sorting colored box, so that a product can be separated from one another and in accordance with the qualifications color. In this final task will be made a colored box sorter automation system using the color sensor as a detector and a manipulator arm actuator to take the box to place each color. Keywords; Arm manipulator, colours sensor


This paper traces the evolution of the linear nonthreshold dose-response model and its acceptance as a paradigm in radiation protection practice and risk analysis. Deterministic effects such as skin burns and even deep tissue trauma were associated with excessive exposure to x rays shortly after their discovery, and carcinogenicity was observed as early as 1902. Still, it was not until 1925 that the first protective limits were suggested. For three decades these limits were based on the concept of a tolerance dose which, if not exceeded, would result in no demonstrable harm to the individual and implicitly assumed a threshold dose below which radiation effects would be absent. After World War II, largely because of genetic concerns related to atmospheric weapons testing, radiation protection dose limits were expressed in terms of a risk based maximum permissible dose which clearly implied no threshold. The 1927 discovery by Muller of x-ray induced genetic mutations in fruit flies, linear with dose and with no apparent threshold, was an important underpinning of the standards. The linear nonthreshold dose-response model was originally used to provide an upper limit estimate of the risk, with zero being the lower limit, of low level irradiation since the dose-response curve could not be determined at low dose levels. Evidence to the contrary such as hormesis and the classic studies of the radium dial painters notwithstanding, the linear nonthreshold model gained greater acceptance and in the centennial year of the discovery of x rays stands as a paradigm although serious questions are beginning to be raised regarding its general applicability. The work includes a brief digression describing the work of x-ray protection pioneer William Rollins and concludes with a recommendation for application of a de minimis dose level in radiation protection.


We introduce and study Clarkson, Dol'nikov-Pichugov, Jacobi and mutual diameter constants reflecting the geometry of a Banach space and Clarkson, Jacobi and Pichugov classes of Banach spaces and their relations with James, self-Jung, Kottman and Sch¨ affer constants in order to establish quantitative versions of Hahn-Banach separability theorem and to characterise the isometric extendability of H¨ older-Lipschitz mappings. Abstract results are further applied to the spaces and pairs from the wide classes IG and IG+ and non-commutative Lp-spaces. The intimate relation between the subspaces and quotients of the IG-spaces on one side and various types of anisotropic Besov, Lizorkin-Triebel and Sobolev spaces of functions on open subsets of an Euclidean space defined in terms of differences, local polynomial approximations, wavelet decompositions and other means (as well as the duals and the lp-sums of all these spaces) on the other side, allows us to present the algorithm of extending the main results of the article to the latter spaces and pairs. Special attention is paid to the matter of sharpness. Our approach is quasi-Euclidean in its nature because it relies on the extrapolation of properties of Hilbert spaces and the study of 1-complemented subspaces of the spaces under consideration.


Preface. Note to the Reader. Terminology. I: Valuation Theory. 1. Marot Rings. 2. Manis Valuation Rings. 3. Valuation Rings and Valuations. 4. The Approximate Theorem for Independent Valuations. 5. Extensions of Valuations. 6. Extending Valuations to Algebraic Overfields. 7. Extensions of Discrete Valuations. 8. Ramification Theory of Valuations. 9. Extending Valuations to Non-Algebraic Overfields. 10. Valuations of Algebraic Function Fields. 11. Valuations Dominating a Local Domain. II: One-Dimensional Semilocal Cohen-Macaulay Rings. 1. Transversal Elements. 2. Integral Closure of One-Dimensional Semilocal Cohen-Macaulay Rings. 3. One-Dimensional Analytically Unramified and Analytically Irreducible CM-Rings. 4. Blowing up Ideals. 5. Infinitely Near Rings. III: Differential Modules and Ramification. 1. Introduction. 2. Norms and Traces. 3. Formally Unramified and Ramified Extensions. 4. Unramified Extensions and Discriminants. 5. Ramification for Quasilocal Rings. 6. Integral Closure and Completion. IV: Formal and Convergent Power Series Rings. 1. Formal Power Series Rings. 2. Convergent Power Series Rings. 3. Weierstrass Preparation Theorem. 4. The Category of Formal and Analytic Algebras. 5. Extensions of Formal and Analytic Algebras. V: Quasiordinary Singularities. 1. Fractionary Power Series. 2. The Jung-Abhyankar Theorem: Formal Case. 3. The Jung-Abhyankar Theorem: Analytic Case. 4. Quasiordinary Power Series.5. A Generalized Newton Algorithm. 6. Strictly Generated Semigroups. VI: The Singularity Zq = XYp. 1. Hirzebruch-Jung Singularities. 2. Semigroups and Semigroup Rings. 3. Continued Factions. 4. Two-Dimensional Cones. 5. Resolution of Singularities. VII: Two-Dimensional Regular Local Rings. 1. Ideal Transform. 2. Quadratic Transforms and Ideal Transforms. 3. Complete Ideals. 4. Factorization of Complete Ideals. 5. The Predecessors of a Simple Ideal. 6. Uniformization. 7. Resolution of Surface Singularities II: Blowing up and Normalizing. Appendices. A: Results from Classical Algebraic Geometry. 1. Generalities. 2. Affine and Finite Morphisms. 3. Products. 4. Proper Morphisms. 5. Algebraic Cones and Projective Varieties. 6. Regular and Singular points. 7. Normalization of a Variety. 8. Desingularization of a Variety. 9. Dimension of Fibres. 10. Quasifinite Morphisms and Ramification. 11. Divisors. 12. Some Results on Projections. 13. Blowing up. 14. Blowing up: the Local Rings. B: Miscellaneous Results. 1. Ordered Abelian Groups. 2. Localization. 3. Integral Extensions. 4. Some Results on Graded Rings and Modules. 5. Properties of the Rees Ring. 6. Integral Closure of Ideals. 7. Decomposition Group and Inertia Group. 8. Decomposable Rings. 9.


One of the challenges during the post-COVID pandemic era will be to foster social connections between people. Previous research suggests that people who is able to regulate their emotions tends to have better social connections with others. Additional studies indicate that it is possible to train the ability to regulate emotions voluntarily, using a procedure that involves three steps: (1) asking participants to evoke an autobiographical memory associated with a positive emotion; (2) analyze participants' brain activity in real-time to estimate their emotional state; and (3) provide visual feedback about the emotions evoked with the autobiographical memory. However, there is not enough research on how to provide the visual feedback required for the third step. Therefore, this manuscript introduces five virtual environments that can be used to provide emotional visual feedback. Each virtual environment was designed based on evidence found in previous studies, suggesting that there are visual cues, such as colors, shapes and motion patterns, that tend to be associated with emotions. In each virtual environment, the visual cues changed, intending to represent five emotional categories. An experiment was conducted to analyze the emotions that participants associated with the virtual environments. The results indicate that each environment is associated with the emotional categories that they were meant to represent.


Sir: The rate controlling co-factor in the synthesis of the neurotransmitters dopamine and noradrenaline is 5, 6, 7, 8,tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4)'. Disturbances in BH4 metabolism have been detected in various disease states showing neurological disfunction.' Recently, significantly reduced serum biopterin levels were reported for subjects diagnosed in life as senile dementia of Alzheimer type2 using a microbiological assay technique. We now report the use of HPLC3 to investigate the BH4 metabolism in subjects diagnosed post-mortem as suffering from dementia. At post-mortem examination, samples of cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) were obtained from demented subjects characterised as suffering from Alzheimer's disease or cerebrovascular disease, as well as from a group of age-matched controls. All subjects had been prospectively assessed for the presence or absence of dementia. Analysis of these samples was carried out using HPLC with a fluorescence detector, and the total biopterin estimated by acid/ iodine oxidation prior to HPLC separation.4 (see table). showed a reduced concentration of biopterin (15.0 ,ug/l) and a neopterin concentration of 44 ,ug/l. The lower neopterin levels in patients with cerebrovascular disease and senile dementia of Alzheimer type suggest a dilution effect, possibly due to loss of brain tissue, which could account for the lower total biopterin concentrations. Alternatively, the low biopterin concentrations could be due, at least in part, to an impairment of tetrahydrobiopterin metabolism. This is in agreement with other results4 which show a reduced BH4 level in the CSF of a group of pre-senile dementia subjects.


PurposeThis article sheds light onto the increasing problem of product returns, which is exacerbated by growing e-commerce. Many retailers and academics are oblivious to the nature and scale of this challenge. Interdisciplinary research is needed to develop supporting theory, and cross-functional teams are required to implement measures addressing economic, ecological and social sustainability issues.Design/methodology/approachThe initial project adopted a multi-case study approach, whereby returns processes were mapped, vulnerabilities identified and a returns cost calculator was developed.FindingsProduct returns processes are usually complicated, prone to internal and external fraud, inefficient and lack sustainability. They can generate considerable losses to the business, especially as returns data are often not systematically collected, monitored or reported to senior management. There are important implications for strategic and operational management, namely the need to develop a concept for Lean returns systems.Originality/valueProduct returns are a unique and understudied but growing field in academic research, with only few publications over the last two decades. Yet the phenomenon is causing increasing problems in business and society. Robust solutions could achieve great financial and non-financial impacts.


With the dynamic changes in technological advancements, wireless communicationtechnologies has made a tremendous progress from simple to complex systems that are able tocommunicate across multiple networks platform. As these systems continue to prove theirproficiency and benefits, it is strongly asserted that wireless technologies will continue to play aneven more critical and vital role compared to wired connections in the future.The most relevant question now regarding the future of wireless technologies is whether it going todominate the wireline transmission or be a complementary to wireline where it's difficult for anyreason to have wireline like wireless backhaul. With today's wireless data rate speeds it would bedifficult to imagine it replacing wireline in the near future, but technically speaking it is feasible toachieve those data rates with use of wider spectrum.Moreover, wireless communication technologies particularly that of wireless mobile phonetechnology, is continuously more preferred in communication today, making it the first priority ofmodern day lifestyle. Modern communication system standards have therefore been subjected toevaluation and analysis to establish a more profound understanding of these various technologies.The proposed study presents an overview of various wireless communication systems such as:Global system for mobile communications (GSM), high-speed packet access (HSPA), long-termevolution (LTE), mobile WiMAX, ultra wideband (UWB) technology, ultra mobile broadband(UMB), wireless local area network (WLAN), Bluetooth wireless technology, and, Wi-Fi.


The males of Koerneria filicaudata (Khera, 1970) Andrassy, 1984 are described for the first time. They are usually smaller than the females and have four additional cephalic setae. Spicules are slender, somewhat setose and strongly curved. Gubernaculum is boat-shaped with a sleeve at the distal end. Nine pairs of genital papillae; three pairs pre-cloacal, six pairs post-cloacal. Tail long and filiform, divisible into two parts, a short conoid part and a long filamentous part. Most measurements and morphometric values agree with the original description. The structure of the stoma has been clarified and information added on the nature of cuticle, vulva, phasmid and pharyngeo-intestinal junction.


The development of interventional procedures in endourology and uroradiology has increased the need for exact knowledge of renal anatomy. The present book is a contribution to this topic. The first 3/5 of the book consists of a very detailed description of the anatomy of the kidneys. The morphologic description is based on more than 400 plastic endocasts from fresh cadaver kidneys. The endocasts have been produced by injecting polyester of different colors into the collecting systems, arteries and veins of healthy kidneys. The anatomy of the collecting systems, arteries, veins and segments is described in different chapters that can be read separately due to some iterations. The last 2/5 of the book mainly describes the most common interventional procedures used in the kidneys. The morphologic observations made by the authors are to some extent new and form the basis for the description of the interventional procedures. The book is richly illustrated with well-made figures, many in colors, and with instructive and clear line-drawings. The text is easy to read and understand and the references include recent publications. The authors stress the importance of a careful survey of the anatomy to be able to plan the interventional procedure in a professional way in order to reduce the risks of complications. Many of the patients who need interventional procedures have an abnormal anatomy caused by previous operations and diseases. In this book, however, the morphologic descriptions are for obvious reasons based on healthy kidneys, which is a minor disadvantage. In conclusion, this book is valuable to everybody who deals with interventional procedures of the kidneys. The authors have succeeded well in applying their thorough knowledge in renal morphology to interventional uroradiology.


Background The growth of social networking has created a paradigm in which many forms of personal communication are being replaced by internet communication technologies, such as social media. This has led to social issues, such as cyberbullying. In response, researchers are investigating cyberbullying to determine its implications in various life sectors. Objective This manuscript reviews the methods, results, and limitations of the current cyberbullying research and discusses the physical and mental repercussions of cyberbullying and social exclusion as well as methods of predicting and counteracting these events. On the basis of the findings, we discuss future research directions. Methods Using ScienceDirect, ACM Digital Library, and PubMed, 34 research articles were used in this review. A review was conducted using the selected articles with the goal of understanding the current landscape of cyberbullying research. Results Studies have analyzed correlations between depressive and suicidal ideations in subjects as well as relationships in the social, educational, and financial status of the perpetrators. Studies have explored detection methods for monitoring cyberbullying. Automated detection has yet to become effective and accurate; however, several factors, such as personal background and physical appearance, have been identified to correlate with the likelihood that a person becomes a survivor or perpetrator of web-based cybervictimization. Social support is currently common in recovery efforts but may require diversification for specific applications in web-based incidents. Conclusions Relations between social status, age, gender, and behaviors have been discovered that offer new insights into the origins and likeliness of cyberbullying events. Rehabilitation from such events is possible; however, automatic detection is not yet a viable solution for prevention of cyberbullying incidents. Effects such as social exclusion and suicidal ideations are closely tied to incidents of cyberbullying and require further study across various social and demographical populations. New studies should be conducted to explore the experiences of survivors and perpetrators and identify causal links. The breadth of research includes demographics from China, Canada, Taiwan, Iran, the United States, and Namibia. Wider ranges of national populations should be considered in future studies for accurate assessments, given global internet communication technology activity. The studies emphasize the need for formal classification terminology. With formal classification, researchers will have a more definite scope, allowing specific research on a single definable topic rather than on general bullying events and symptoms. Of all the studies, 2 used a longitudinal design for their research methodology. The low number of longitudinal studies leaves gaps between causation and correlation, and further research is required to understand the effects of cyberbullying. Research addressing ongoing victimization is required for the various forms of cyberbullying; social support offers the most effective current standard for prevention.


: A comparative study of the reproduction of an alphavirus. Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus (VEE), in chick embryo fibroblasts (CEF) and oncornavirus type D (OV-D) produced spontaneously by human continuous cells (HEp-2) was carried out. The differential index of reproduction of both viruses was the yield of RNA-containing virus structures released from the cells. For VEE this index increased in the course of infection 100-150-fold. For OV-D the index changed little during long-term cultivation of the cells and was only 0.2%--1%. The effect of inhibitors, ethidium bromide and cycloheximide, on the RNA synthesis and production of virus structures was studied. Ethidium bromide was shown to inhibit reproduction of both the viruses considerably, whereas the effect of cyclohemimide on them was dissimilar: its effect on VEE virus depended on the time of its addition, while OV-D virus production did not depend on the time of its addition and was even stimulated in the presence of cycloheximide.


PURPOSE To determine the safety and preliminary efficacy of selective combination targeted therapy for BRAF V600E–mutant metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) in the safety lead-in phase of the open-label, randomized, three-arm, phase III BEACON Colorectal Cancer trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02928224; European Union Clinical Trials Register identifier: EudraCT2015-005805-35). PATIENTS AND METHODS Before initiation of the randomized portion of the BEACON Colorectal Cancer trial, 30 patients with BRAF V600E–mutant mCRC who had experienced treatment failure with one or two prior regimens were to be recruited to a safety lead-in of encorafenib 300 mg daily, binimetinib 45 mg twice daily, plus standard weekly cetuximab. The primary end point was safety, including the incidence of dose-limiting toxicities. Efficacy end points included overall response rate, progression-free survival, and overall survival. RESULTS Among the 30 treated patients, dose-limiting toxicities occurred in five patients and included serous retinopathy (n = 2), reversible decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (n = 1), and cetuximab-related infusion reactions (n = 2). The most common grade 3 or 4 adverse events were fatigue (13%), anemia (10%), increased creatine phosphokinase (10%), increased AST (10%), and urinary tract infections (10%). In 29 patients with BRAF V600E–mutant tumors (one patient had a non–BRAF V600E–mutant tumor and was not included in the efficacy analysis), the confirmed overall response rate was 48% (95% CI, 29.4% to 67.5%), median progression-free survival was 8.0 months (95% CI, 5.6 to 9.3 months), and median overall survival was 15.3 months (95% CI, 9.6 months to not reached), with median duration of follow-up of 18.2 months (range, 16.6 to 19.8 months). CONCLUSION In the safety lead-in, the safety and tolerability of the encorafenib, binimetinib, and cetuximab regimen is manageable and acceptable for initiation of the randomized portion of the study. The observed efficacy is promising compared with available therapies and, if confirmed in the randomized portion of the trial, could establish this regimen as a new standard of care for previously treated BRAF V600E–mutant mCRC.