Robust motion forecasting of the dynamic scene is a critical component of an autonomous vehicle. It is a challenging problem due to the heterogeneity in the scene and the inherent uncertainties in the problem. To improve the accuracy of motion forecasting, in this work, we identify a new consistency constraint in this task, that is an agent's future trajectory should be coherent with its history observations and visa versa. To leverage this property, we propose a novel cycle consistency training scheme and define a novel cycle loss to encourage this consistency. In particular, we reverse the predicted future trajectory backward in time and feed it back into the prediction model to predict the history and compute the loss as an additional cycle loss term. Through our experiments on the Argoverse dataset, we demonstrate that cycle loss can improve the performance of competitive motion forecasting models.


In this paper we examine the representation of masculinities in Greek men's lifestyle magazines. We are applying Norman Fairclough's framework of Critical Discourse Analysis (2001a, b; 2003) to analyse an issue of Nitro , a prototypical and high in circulation Greek men's lifestyle magazine. The framework links social and cultural changes (in our case in gender relations) with discursive changes manifested through interdiscursivity, which is the focus of this paper. We look at the amalgam of discourses employed, on the basis of linguistic traces of these discourses in the text. The magazine draws mainly on hegemonic discourses of masculinity, asserting a 'Real Male' discursive construct and discrediting non-hegemonic masculinities. This can be mainly linked to social changes in Greece related to reactions to feminist progress, consumerism and possibly to the influence of international lifestyle magazines.


There is an ongoing moral panic about 'the' juvenile delinquent in Trinidad and Tobago. The media present, with increasing regularity, stories about problematic youth—particularly young men—giving the impression that youth crime is spiralling out of control, when official statistical evidence suggests otherwise. Research into youth offending in Trinidad and Tobago has been mainly quantitative, considering the risks and protective factors associated with delinquency and desistance. The extant research also analyses and discusses the data uncovered within the framework of Western criminological theories. Little attempt is made to use, adapt, or develop theory in the Caribbean or Trinbagonian context in which the data was produced. The present study addresses the dearth of qualitative data on young offenders in Trinidad and Tobago by presenting the narratives of a census population of convicted juvenile offenders housed at the Youth Training Centre in Trinidad. These narratives are analysed and interpreted within the socio-economic, cultural and historical context in which these accounts were produced, taking up a 40-year-old call for the development of a 'Caribbean Criminology'. The main purpose of this project was to gain an understanding of the subjective lived experiences of incarcerated young men in Trinidad and Tobago; how they feel, think, act and make sense of the world. I discuss the implications of the narratives presented with regard to broader sociological-criminological questions about state legitimacy and procedural justice and within the context of the families and communities from which my participants come. My findings offer insight into stigmatised communities and suggest the need for a reconceptualisation of poverty as a structural deficit rather than an individual failing, and a need for state officials to recognise the social and cultural injustice that have blocked opportunities for a number of citizens.


Productivity and part quality are extremely important for all machining operations, but particularly for 5-axis milling where the machine tool cost is relatively higher, and most parts have complex geometries and high quality requirements with tight tolerances. 5- axis milling, presents additional challenges in modeling due to more complex tool and workpiece interface geometry, and process mechanics. In this paper, modeling and optimization of 5-axis processes with cutting strategy selection are presented. The developed process models are used for cutting force predictions using a part-tool interface identification method which is also presented. Based on the model predictions and simulations, best cutting conditions are identified. Also, for finish process of a complex surface, machining time is estimated using three machining strategy alternatives. Results are demonstrated by example applications, and verified by experiments.


Relationship dependencies and autonomy mediation pathways of incarceration and HIV risk outcomes among low income drug involved adults Bright Eli Sarfo HIV/AIDS prevalence within correctional settings and among populations with criminal justice histories are several times that of the general population. Despite prior investigations that have empirically identified associations between criminal justice system involvement and HIV risk behavior, few studies have investigated mechanisms of autonomy and relationship dependencies as mediating mechanisms between incarceration history and HIV risk behavioral outcomes. The purpose of this dissertation is to examine the role of relationship dependencies (reliance on a partner for drug and non-drug related expenses) and autonomy (personal access to resources including housing, employment and educational opportunities, relationship dependency) as a pathway linking prior incarceration and HIV risk behavior. An integrated theory combining General Strain Theory and the Theory of Gender and Power informed the hypothesis for this dissertation. It was hypothesized that incarceration history would be associated with HIV risk behaviors among drug involved adults. Relationship dependencies and autonomy was also hypothesized to be associated with HIV risk behaviors among drug involved adults, relationship dependencies and autonomy were hypothesized to mediate any observed positive relationships between incarceration history and HIV risk behavior. This investigation represented a cross-sectional design using a baseline dataset of street recruited heterosexual couples participating in a NIDA funded randomized HIV prevention intervention trial (343 men, 346 women). Findings showed that incarceration had significant associations with HIV risk behaviors including sex exchange, injection drug use and sharing injection equipment among women but not among men. It was also found that autonomy had significant negative relationships with HIV risk indicators among women, with no significant associations being found among men. Multivariate results also suggested that relationship dependencies regarding expenses for drugs were associated with HIV risk indicators including sex exchange and injection drug use for women, and sex exchange for men. Although incarceration history was significantly associated with relationship dependencies for drug expenses among women, there was not sufficient evidence to suggest that relationship dependencies or autonomy were mediating mechanisms of HIV risk outcomes. Results of this study have important implications for the development of practice and policy level harm reduction and HIV prevention interventions for drug involved adults.


This textbook for Australian students is divided into two sections. In the first, Dr. McConnochie discusses the meaning of race and racism, race relations in colonial societies, the issues raised by the Jensen controversy and by the question of black identity. The second section provides a description of Aboriginal society before the coming of the European, race relations in Australia and the place of Aborigines in contemporary Australian society. If much of the territory covered seems familiar and the treatment of race relations in Australia other than those involving Aborigines seems surprisingly slight, the author's attempt to provide Australian students with Australian issues for discussion and to use New Zealand as a foil to point up the significance of some of the factors involved, is surely thoroughly sound.


In this paper, we introduce source domain subset sampling (SDSS) as a new perspective of semi-supervised domain adaptation. We propose domain adaptation by sampling and exploiting only a meaningful subset from source data for training. Our key assumption is that the entire source domain data may contain samples that are unhelpful for the adaptation. Therefore, the domain adaptation can benefit from a subset of source data composed solely of helpful and relevant samples. The proposed method effectively subsamples full source data to generate a small-scale meaningful subset. Therefore, training time is reduced, and performance is improved with our subsampled source data. To further verify the scalability of our method, we construct a new dataset called Ocean Ship, which comprises 500 real and 200K synthetic sample images with ground-truth labels. The SDSS achieved a state-of-the-art performance when applied on GTA5 to Cityscapes and SYNTHIA to Cityscapes public benchmark datasets and a 9.13 mIoU improvement on our Ocean Ship dataset over a baseline model.


More and more industrial enterprises tend to validate their planning for new factories using simulation. Production environments often contain automated transport systems to move items between different work stations. We present a solution for modeling transport systems with respect to their interaction with all peripheries like robots and treatment machines. Modeling follows the process of mechanical assembly by putting together constructional components in 3-D space. Models of devices are of sufficient physical and electrical accuracy to test unmodified controller programs in a virtual commissioning phase to save time at the real start-up. In emulation, real controllers connect to the model to test and optimize control programs. In contrast to conventional discrete event simulation software, developers can play with the model during simulation to test its reaction and perform event of fault analysis. Simulation results are suited to secure design decisions of planners and reduce the risk of incorrect planning. Easy to recognize 3-D geometry and simulation interactivity qualify models for presentation and personnel training. Finally, simulation reveals suboptimal behavior and makes optimizations easier.


ABSTRACT Background: Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair has been shown to be superior than open repairs with faster return to daily activities and decrease in the occurrence of chronic pain. However, higher direct costs and mandatory use of general anesthesia are arguments against their use. In addition, increased complexity of surgery resulting from an anatomy that is unusual to general surgeons prevents the widespread adoption of laparoscopic approach. Aim: To propose a technical systematization for transabdominal laparoscopic repair (TAPP) of inguinal hernias based on anatomical concepts. Method: To offer a systematization of TAPP repair based on well defined anatomic landmarks, describing the concept of "inverted Y", identification of five triangles and three zones of dissection, to achieve the "critical view of safety" for laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. Results: Since this standardization was developed five years ago, many surgeons were trained following these precepts. Reproducibility is high, as far as, it´s rate of adoption among surgeons. Conclusion: The concept of the "inverted Y", "Five triangles" and the dissection based in "Three Zones" establish an effective and reproducible standardization of the TAPP technique.


BACKGROUND: Nebivolol represents a therapeutic class of beta blockers with high beta 1 selectivity and modulatory effect on vascular reactions by releasing nitric oxide (NO) from endothelial cells. Its antihypertensive effect by once a day application is established. The aim of the study was to investigate the acceptability and the antihypertensive efficacy of Nebivolol in hypertensives with and without concomitant diseases. METHODS AND RESULTS: An observational study was carried out in 6376 patients with arterial hypertension in 1529 centres in a period of time of six weeks. The initial dosage was 5 mg daily resp. 2.5 mg daily in patients over 65 years. The systolic blood pressure (BP) decreased during treatment from initial values of 173 +/- 18 mm Hg (mean +/- standard deviation) by 29 mm Hg to 144 +/- 14 mm Hg at the end of the observational period. The diastolic BP decreased from 101 +/- 9 mm Hg initially by 16 mm Hg to 85 +/- 8 mm Hg at the last examination of the patients. The normalization of the diastolic BP (< 90 mm Hg) was achieved in 62.2% of the patients. The mean heart rate (HR) was 84 +/- 12 beats/minute at the beginning of the study and decreased by 11 to 73 +/- 8 beats/minute. During the observational period cholesterol, triglycerides and blood glucose showed a significant decrease (p < 0.001). Triglycerides were diminished by 13%, cholesterol by 8%. In diabetic patients the most favourable effect was observed (decrease of triglycerides by 18% and cholesterol by 9%); glucose decreased in diabetics by 16%. CONCLUSIONS: In this multicentre observational study Nebivolol was proved as a safe and well-tolerated antihypertensive drug. The results of the analysis of metabolic parameters during Nebivolol treatment are of interest as a contribution to the preventive effect of this beta blocker on coronary heart disease.


The experiments described in this thesis were designed to shed some more light on the mechanisms underlying cigarette smoke-induced lung emphysema. We used elastase instillation to induce lung emphysema, and subsequently perfused the lungs ex-vivo with buffer at a range of flows to measure changes in the resulting pressure. Unfortunately there was no clear relation between morphometric measures of lung damage and the flow/pressure profiles. We investigated whether exposure of mice to cigarette smoke in our experimental set-up led to the predisposition of emphysematous lesions towards the upper parts of the lungs that is seen in smoking humans. We showed that this was indeed the case, and, therefore, concluded that exposure of mice in our experimental set-up could serve as a valid model for cigarette smoke-induced emphysema in humans, at least with regard to the distribution of damage throughout the lungs. After having shown this, we applied the model to investigate the effects of one of the less well studied components of cigarette smoke: humic acid (HA). We hypothesised that deposition of HA would potentiate smoke-induced damage to the lungs, and thus the development of emphysema. Indeed, when mice were exposed to cigarette smoke for 2 months, after HA instillation in to the lungs, they had developed emphysematous lesions, whereas this was not the case in the mice that had been exposed to smoke or HA only. Our observation that HA potentiated the lung-damaging effects of smoking provides an explanation for the fact that many pack-years of smoking are generally required for symptoms to become clearly manifest, supposedly the time needed to get sufficient HA accumulation in the airways in order to catalyse the cytotoxic effects of smoking. Based on findings that cigarette smoke acts as a double-edged sword in the lungs, both inflicting tissue damage and depleting acid retinoids (molecules implied in tissue regeneration), the following hypothesis was formulated: a low vitamin A status can increase the susceptibility to cigarette smoke-induced lung emphysema. We exposed mice with a normal and a low, but not deficient, vitamin A status to cigarette smoke to test this, and found the hypothesis to be true. Unexpectedly, levels of acid retinoids remained normal in the lungs of the smoke-exposed animals, irrespective of their vitamin A status. Levels of retinol and retinyl palmitate were decreased in the lungs of animals with the low status. This could provide a possible explanation for the increased susceptibility, given their potent anti-oxidant activity, which could protect against cigarette smoke-induced damage. Involuntarily exposure to cigarette smoke in a nose-only system causes stress in experimental animals, through a combination of factors. We speculated that stress-induced hyperthermia might explain the high levels of mortality we experienced in both controls and smoke-exposed animals during our nose-only exposure experiments. Surprisingly, we found that mice instead showed a pronounced hypothermia during their stay in the nose-only exposure tubes, which we could attribute to the massive metal nosepieces. Unfortunately, preventing hypothermia by heating the nosepieces did not decrease parameters of stress, nor did it reduce mortality.


Accurate quantification of tree biomass is critical and essential for calculating carbon storage, as well as for studying climate change, forest health, forest productivity, nutrient cycling, etc. Tree biomass is typically estimated using statistical models. In this study, a total of 289 trees were harvested and measured for stem, root, branch, and foliage biomass from three coniferous plantation species in northeastern P.R. China. We developed two additive systems of biomass equations based on tree diameter (D) only and both tree diameter (D) and height (H). For each system, likelihood analysis was used to verify the error structures of power functions in order to determine if logarithmic transformation should be applied on both sides of biomass equations. The model coefficients were simultaneously estimated using seemingly unrelated regression (SUR). The results indicated that stem biomass had the largest relative contribution to total biomass, while foliage biomass had the smallest relative proportion for the three species. The root to shoot ratio averaged 0.27 for Korean pine, 0.25 for larch, and 0.23 for Mongolian pine. The two additive biomass systems obtained good model fitting and prediction performance, of which the model Ra2 > 0.80, and the percent mean absolute bias (MAB%), was <17%. The second additive system (D and H) had a relatively greater Ra2 and smaller root mean square error (RMSE). The model coefficient for the predictor H was statistically significant in eight of the twelve models, depending on tree species and biomass component. Adding tree height into the system of biomass equations can marginally improve model fitting and performance, especially for total, aboveground, and stem biomass. The two additive systems developed in this study can be applied to estimate individual tree biomass of three coniferous plantation species in the Chinese National Forest Inventory.


Abstract  This study examined the effect of scaffolding learning components in a computerized environment, for students solving qualitative science problems in a simulation of laboratory experiments. Four scaffolding components were identified (structural, reflective, subject-matter and enrichment) and used in different configurations to construct four unique cognitive and meta-cognitive support programs based on human teaching. These ranged from low (Enrichment) to full support (Integrated). We compared the scaffolded groups with one another and with a non-scaffolded control group. A 'mathematics and reading comprehension' questionnaire was used to divide the participants (n = 473) into ability levels. At different points of time, achievement outcomes were measured by three open-ended subject-matter questionnaires, tapping knowledge and understanding. The findings indicate differential effects of the support programs mostly in the following order: Integrated > Strategic > Operative >  Enrichment > Control. The structural component seems to be a sine qua non for success and has a consistent and powerful influence. The combination of reflection and structural components, however, are needed for superior achievement. Both reflection and subject-matter components work cumulatively over time.


Improving and guaranteeing the robustness of deep learning models has been a topic of intense research. Ensembling, which combines several classifiers to provide a better model, has shown to be beneficial for generalisation, uncertainty estimation, calibration, and mitigating the effects of concept drift. However, the impact of ensembling on certified robustness is less well understood. In this work, we generalise Lipschitz continuity by introducing S-Lipschitz classifiers, which we use to analyse the theoretical robustness of ensembles. Our results are precise conditions when ensembles of robust classifiers are more robust than any constituent classifier, as well as conditions when they are less robust.


This book was first published in 1962. The author, James W. Spain, is an American diplomatist. As a junior official in Pakistan he became entranced by the Pathans of the North-West Frontier and resigned from the Foreign Service to pursue research on their history. The results of his academic research were published in a not wholly satisfactory book entitled ThePathan borderland (The Hague, 1963); his travel impressions appeared in this slighter, but much more effective little book, which was aimed at the general reader. The author simply records his experiences, gained while travelling in the frontier area from Swat to Waziristan. His are admittedly superficial impressions, based only on short, guided visits, but they have their own charm which derives from the author's wide-eyed and innocent, romantic enthusiasm for his subject—both the country and the people. For those who study the development of the area his impressions have also the value of an "instamatic" exposure of a country at a given moment of time. As it happens it was an interesting and relevant moment of time, shortly before the Pushtunistan movement, encouraged by Sardar Muhammad Daud, then Prime Minister of Afghanistan, reached its climax. Daud's return to power makes it appropriate to look back again. Apart from a few occasional remarks, the author has not revised his book. He has now returned to the State Department and is at present Minister at the U.S. Embassy in Turkey. His book therefore remains a pleasant, unexacting introduction to the area for those readers who have not the time for Sir Olaf Caroe's larger work.


Document Type Article Abstract After conferring with colleagues, I created the Mid-America Conference on History (MACH) in 1977. At the time I was an associate professor of history at Southwest Missouri State University in Springfield, Missouri. The MACH sought to mirror other regional ventures such as the Northern Great Plains History Conference, which was established in 1966. The motivation was similar for I had also experienced the high costs of attending national meetings of the Organization of American Historians or the American Historical Association held in cities such as New York, Philadelphia, or Washington, D.C. More importantly, the opportunity to present at national meetings proved difficult for junior faculty, especially from less prominent institutions. My vision was to create a smaller version of the Southern Historical Association (SHA) conference that drew primarily from middle America and that shared the same professional standards and intimate environment of the SHA. Recommended Citation Giglio, James N. (2015) "A History of The Mid-America Conference on History," Studies in Midwestern History: Vol. 1 , No. 10. Available at: https://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/midwesternhistory/vol1/iss1/10  Download


Microfluorimetry of single cells could help to analyze their morphology and function state during changes of gas environment. It is very important to have a possibility of the cell visual control during hypoxia and collection of dynamic fluorimetric data in digital form. The effects of short-term pO2 decrease were studied. For estimating the effects of hypoxia and reoxygenation we used the mice peritoneal macrophages, which are very sensitive to physical, chemical and regulatory stimuli. A special small chamber for fluorimetric measurements during pO2 changes, was developed. The level of active oxygen forms, intracellular pH, and cell membrane instability were investigated during replacement of air by nitrogen or argon (of the basal level decreased to 20% of basic level) and in subsequent reoxygenation. The increase of active oxygen forms was shown during 30 min of hypoxia and their level continued to rise immediately after reoxygenation. A short-term decrease and subsequent increase of pO2 in the medium led to an increase of intracellular pH level. The shifts of measured cell indices were stabilized after 30-40 min of pO2 changes thus suggesting a fast comprehension of countermeasure cell mechanisms. No macrophages with membrane disorders were found despite the rise of the active oxygen forms level during hypoxia and reoxygenation in vitro. There were no significant differences between nitrogen and argon used for replacement of air in the medium. The data obtained suggest a high resistance of macrophages against pO2 changes and an involvement of the antioxidative mechanisms for cell protection especially during reoxygenation period.


Economic valuation of wetland ecosystem goods and services aims to investigate public preferences for wetlands and the natural resources in monetary terms and it aids in quantifying the direct and indirect benefits that people derive from wetlands. Lake Chiuta wetland is the only second wetland to be valued in Malawi for ecosystem goods and services through this research. Valuation of Lake Chiuta wetland is an important step forward towards the economic valuation and conservation of wetlands in Malawi. The objectives for this study were to identify the current ecosystem services provided by the wetland, quantify the values of wetland resources (goods and services) and to determine the economic dependency on the wetland of the people living in the surrounding areas. In this study, the Total Economic Valuation approach was used which concentrated on direct and indirect use values of the wetland ecosystem services with more emphasis on direct use values. The Market Price technique was used to estimate the direct use value of wetland ecosystem goods and services and Contingent Valuation Method was used to solicit the willingness to pay for the conservation for biodiversity. The data were collected through focus group discussion, key informant interviews and the household survey as well as field investigations. The value of Lake Chiuta wetland was assessed in terms of Gross financial value (GFV), Net financial value (NFV) and cash income. The research findings have revealed that the contribution of the wetland to the surrounding communities has an estimated annual value of US$17.2M, which translate to US$554 per ha (GFV), and an annual per capita value of wetland economic benefits of US$248. The results show that fishing and crop production each contributes 75% and 23% respectively to the cash income of the households. Willingness to pay for the conservation of biodiversity was estimated at an annual aggregate of US$11M, which is lower than the GFV. The households living around Lake Chiuta depend on the wetland for socio economic livelihoods. The results indicate that the annual mean income per household is US$223 which is accrued through farming, fishing and harvests of wetland goods. There are no active community and government institutions in resource use and management of the wetland in Lake Chiuta, which make the wetland susceptible to over exploitation of the resources, thus putting at risk the availability of wetland resources for future generation and existence of the wetland. In view of the high value of economic benefits, the wetland provides to the communities living in the surrounding areas. It is important that the government, through key ministry (Ministry of Natural Resources & Climate Change) should set up the government institutions and facilitate the formation of a Community Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) programme and the institution to manage resource use and management in the wetland.,WaterNet


In this paper, for multi-objective, with strategy of antibody concentration with sufficiency vector distance, a novel immune selection operator was given, and a scale variable hybrid mutation operator, which introduced the variable scale method in the hybrid mutation, was given also. The algorithm was applied in the optimization design of filter. To apply the algorithm, passive power filter structure was introduced first, and then optimization objective and constraints of filter was given as follows. With the optimization objective and constraints, for an experiment circuit, calculate using the algorithm and experiment was carried on. At last, Comparison of the algorithm with genetic algorithm and nonlinear programming was given, it shows that the algorithm has better performance of self-regulation, and could quickly converge to the global optimum. These results prove that the algorithm is effective and practicable using in multi-objective optimization design.


More and more interference-mitigating algorithms are being investigated in an attempt to increase the capacity of code-division multiple-access radio networks. At the moment, the main question about interference-resilient receivers is: do they really bring forth the capacity increase they promise on theoretical grounds? The aim of this study is to give a preliminary answer to such a question, through the capacity analysis of the forward link of a multisatellite, multibeam, radio communication network. Specifically, starting from simplified yet realistic assumptions on the beam layout, the antenna footprint shape, and the coding/multiplexing/modulation and power control strategies, it is shown that the blind, adaptive, interference-mitigation receiver, selected as an appealing representative of the lot, can indeed boost the system quality of service in terms of outage probability. The results are derived after a mix of theoretical analysis (as far as the detector performance evaluation is concerned) and simulation (to examine a number of different random system configurations) to circumvent the inherent complexity of the issue.


Abstract The amyloid β-peptides (Aßs) are the main protein components of amyloid deposits in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Detailed knowledge of the structure and assembly dynamics of Aß is important for the development of properly targeted AD therapeutics. So far, the process of the monomeric Aß assembling into oligomeric fibrils and the mechanism underlying the aggregation process remain unclear. In this study, several molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to investigate the aggregation behaviors of the Aß(17–42) oligomers associated with various numbers of monomers (dimer, trimer, tetramer, and pentamer). Our results showed that the structural stability of the Aß(17–42) oligomers increases with increasing the number of monomer. We further demonstrated that the native hydrophobic contacts are positive correlated with the ß-sheet contents, indicating that hydrophobic interaction plays an important role in maintaining the structural stability of the Aß(17–42) oligomers, particularly for those associated with more monomers. Our results also showed that the stability of the C-terminal hydrophobic segment 2 (residues 30–42) is higher than that of the N-terminal hydrophobic segment 1 (residues 17–21), suggesting that hydrophobic segment 2 may act as the nucleation site for aggregation. We further identified that Met35 residue initiates the hydrophobic interactions and that the intermolecular contact pairs, Gly33-Gly33 and Gly37-Gly37, form a stable "molecular notch", which may mediate the packing of the ß-sheet involving many other hydrophobic residues during the early stage of amyloid-like fibril formation.


We report here the complete sequence of the γdynein heavy chain of the outer arm of the Chlamydomonas flagellum, and partial sequences for six other dynein heavy chains. The γ dynein heavy chain sequence contains four P-loop motifs, one of which is the likely hydrolytic site based on its position relative to a previously mapped epitope. Comparison with available cytoplasmic and flagellar dynein heavy chain sequences reveals regions that are highly conserved in all dynein heavy chains sequenced to date, regions that are conserved only among axonemal dynein heavy chains, and regions that are unique to individual dynein heavy chains. The presumed hydrolytic site is absolutely conserved among dyneins, two other P loops are highly conserved among cytoplasmic dynein heavy chains but not in axonemal dynein heavy chains, and the fourth P loop is invariant in axonemal dynein heavy chains but not in cytoplasmic dynein. One region that is very highly conserved in all dynein heavy chains is similar to a portion of the ATP-sensitive microtubule-binding domain of kinesin. Two other regions present in all dynein heavy chains are predicted to have high α-helical content and have a high probability of forming coiled-coil structures. Overall, the central one-third of the γ dynein heavy chain is most conserved whereas the N-terminal one-third is least conserved; the fact that the latter region is divergent between the cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain and two different axonemal dynein heavy chains suggests that it is involved in chain-specific functions.


A spontaneous red clover necrotic mosaic virus mutant, TpM-341, was isolated by multiple passage of Czechoslovakian isolate TpM-34 in beans, followed by three cycles of single lesion isolation in cowpea and in Chenopodium quinoa. The symptoms induced in cowpea by TpM-34 and TpM-341 differed. TpM-34 gave rise to chlorotic lesions which expanded with time, often becoming confluent with adjacent lesions, and developed necrotic margins; the plants became systemically infected. TpM-341 induced necrotic lesions which, once developed, did not expand further; plants did not become systemically infected. Analysis of pseudorecombinants formed between the RNAs of TpM-34 and TpM-341 showed that RNA 2 determined the difference in symptoms. Comparison of the nucleotide sequence of the open reading frames (ORFs) encoding the P2 movement proteins of the two isolates revealed only one difference, a deletion of an A residue in a sequence of four A residues (nucleotides 790 to 793). Construction of full-length TpM-34 and TpM-341 RNA 2 cDNA clones, from which infectious RNA 2 could be transcribed in vitro, and in vitro mutagenesis of a cDNA clone of TpM-341, confirmed that the difference in the symptoms induced by TpM-341 was caused by the loss of this A residue. This single base deletion was predicted to cause a translational frame-shift in the P2 ORF causing the loss of 88 amino acids at the C terminus which were replaced by a sequence of 34 different amino acids, producing a truncated P2 protein. In vitro translation of RNA 2 transcribed from cDNA clones showed that RNA with four or three A residues starting at nucleotide 790 produced proteins of Mr 36K and 30K respectively, in agreement with the predictions based on the nucleotide sequence.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effect of Inonotus obliquus polysaccharides on testicular injury induced by exposure to high power microwave (HPM) in rats.

METHODS
A total of 30 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, i.e., the normal control group, the microwave radiation model group, the treatment group, the new microwave radiation model group, and the prevention group, 6 in each group. All rats, except those in the normal control group, were exposed to microwave at an average power density of 200 mW/cm2 for 6 min. Rats in the control group and the model group were administered with normal saline by gastrogavage, once a day. Rats in the treatment group and the prevention group were given with Inonotus obliquus polysaccharides by gastrogavage, 2 mL each time (400 mg/kg body weight), once a day. All rats were sacrificed on the 11th day.The sperm density and the rate of sperm deformity were determined. Pathological changes of testis were observed by light microscope and transmission electron microscope.

RESULTS
Short-term HPM irradiation could significantly reduce the sperm density and increase the sperm deformity rate (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, obvious pathological changes of testes occurred. Compared with the two model groups, the sperm density increased and the sperm deformity rate decreased in the treatment group and the prevention group (P < 0.05). Under the light microscope, injuries of spermatogenic cells and stromal cells, as well as vascular dilatation and congestion were obviously alleviated in the treatment group and the prevention group. Mitochondrial swelling and endoplasmic reticulum expansion shown by ultrastructural observation were also significantly alleviated. Of them, injuries of spermatogenic cells and inflammation response were milder in the treatment group than in the prevention group.

CONCLUSIONS
Inonotus obliquus polysaccharides had significant protective effect on microwave radiation induced testicular injury. Better effect was obtained by therapeutic medication than preventive medication.


Microcrystalline silicon (μc-Si:H) is a material that is promising for application in solar cells and that has interesting material properties. This thesis reports on the study of the plasma properties in the growth process, the optoelectronic material properties, and the device application of both doped and intrinsic μc-Si:H.

 Microcrystalline silicon p- and n-type doped layers have been developed by layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition using very high frequency chemical vapor deposition (VHF PECVD) at high temperature. The LbL deposition consists of alternating amorphous silicon depositions and crystallization by hydrogen plasma treatments. Device quality μc-Si:H p- and n-type doped thin layers have been developed in a temperature range from 250 to 400 oC, whereas in standard continuous PECVD the addition of a dopant gas reduces the crystallinity. Etching, abstraction and hydrogen diffusion are analyzed and it is concluded that our observations support the nucleation model that is based on hydrogen diffusion in the growth zone. Test solar cells demonstrate the temperature stability and the resistance to high atomic hydrogen fluxes of these μc-Si:H doped layers.

 Plasma conditions involving high pressures and high RF powers (high-pressure depletion (HPD) regime) for high-rate deposition by VHF PECVD of μc-Si:H are explored by studying the optical emission spectra (OES) of the plasma. With an adapted electrode configuration with a shower head gas inlet and a small electrode distance, μc-Si:H can be deposited at a high rate. Correlations between the material properties and the optical emission spectra of the plasma were found. Source gas depletion is found to be favorable to reduce the loss of atomic hydrogen to abstraction reactions in the gas phase at high pressures.

 The optoelectronic properties of microcrystalline silicon layers with different crystalline fractions have been studied with the aim to develop an intrinsic material for i-layer application in p-i-n solar cells. It is observed that μc-Si:H deposited close to the transition to a-Si:H shows the best intrinsic behavior and the highest photo-to-dark conductivity ratio. At higher crystalline fractions, the dark conductivity increases while the dark conductivity activation energy decreases. The oxygen concentration in the layers is around 1019 cm-3.

 Microcrystalline silicon based p-i-n solar cells are deposited by VHF PECVD under HPD conditions using a shower head cathode. The i-layers made near the transition from amorphous to crystalline are optimized in solar cells. It was found that the performance is very sensitive to the TCO morphology. At an i-layer deposition rate of 0.45 nm/s an efficiency of 9.9% is obtained (Voc = 0.52 V, FF = 0.73) on texture-etched ZnO:Al; the performance is stable under light soaking. In spite of the presence of oxygen contamination a good infrared response is obtained. The i-layer deposition rate was increased up to 4.5 nm/s by increasing the RF power and the total gas flow such that the depletion condition remains similar. This resulted in an efficiency of 6.4% on texture-etched ZnO:Al. It was observed that the performance of cells deposited at these high rates improves upon light soaking.


Small RNAs (sRNAs) play an ancient role in genome defence against transposable elements. In animals, plants and fungi small RNAs guide Argonaute proteins to nascent RNA transcripts to induce co-transcriptional gene silencing. In animals the link between small RNA pathways and the transcriptional machinery remains unclear. Here we show that the Caenorhabditis elegans germline Argonaute HRDE-1 physically interacts with the conserved RNA helicase Aquarius/EMB-4. We demonstrate that the Aquarius/EMB-4 helicase activity is required to initiate small RNA-induced co-transcriptional gene silencing. HRDE-1 and Aquarius/EMB-4 are required to silence the transcription of overlapping sets of transposable elements. Surprisingly, removal of introns from a small RNA pathway target abolishes the requirement for Aquarius/EMB-4, but not HRDE-1, for gene silencing. We conclude that the Aquarius/EMB-4 helicase activity allows HRDE-1/sRNA complexes to efficiently engage nascent RNA transcripts - in competition with the general RNA processing machinery. We postulate that Aquarius/EMB-4 facilitates the surveillance of the nascent transcriptome to detect and silence transposable elements through small RNA pathways.


Blended learning is a teaching technique utilizing face-to-face teaching and online or technology-based practice in which the learner has the ability to exert control over the pace, place, path, or time of learning. Schools that employ this teaching method often demonstrate larger gains than traditional programs due to their increased ability to differentiate and quickly assess student learning. This study sought to determine ways blended-learning models contribute to student success, how blended-learning schools are measuring student success, and how administrators are supporting teachers in their use of blended techniques.In this mixed-methods study, survey data were collected from 230 teachers and 43 administrators in blended-learning programs. Interviews were conducted with teachers and administrators at two school sites in the Southwestern most region of the United States, along with classroom observations and reviews of participating schools' Local Control Accountability Plans (California Department of Education, 2017) and mission statements. Results yielded five consistent themes: an understanding of student needs to drive individualized instruction, varied and individual success criteria, strong relationships with students tied to decision-making that fosters individual achievement, student needs as a driving force behind the development of school programs, and an increased level of student choice to combat low motivation.


: Results of karyological study of ornamental forms of Picea obovata Ledeb. are presented. Typical chromosome number (2n) is 24, but some trees have one or two additional chromosomes (2n = 24 + 1B; 2n = 24 + 2B). Heritability of additional chromosomes, pollen fertility, morphological features of cones, and seed quality in trees with and without additional chromosomes were studied. System of B-chromosomes is of importance for population and species adaptation and possibly plays a role in adaptation of P. obovata under introduction.


Background and purpose The rabbit small clot embolic model for large vessel occlusion (LVO) is well established, yet has limitations. Blind introduction of autologous thrombus often fails to completely occlude a target vessel and, when successful, the precise timing of occlusion and revascularization is difficult to control. Studies of cellular biology and neuroimaging of acute reversible cerebral ischemia (ie, penumbral tissue) would benefit from a rabbit model in which LVO can be reliably induced, easily confirmed, and in which the time of occlusion and revascularization can be precisely controlled. Methods Transfemoral 1.5 F microcatheterization of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) was performed in anesthetized rabbits (n=7) using fluoroscopic guidance. LVO with the wedged microcatheter was maintained for 30–210 min followed by reperfusion. Diffusion-weighted and T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MRI was performed 3 h after catheter removal on a 3 T scanner. Post-mortem histopathologic analysis of brain tissue was performed using triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC). Results Placing of the 1.5 F microcatheter tip in the PCA was successful in all seven animals. Infarct size on matched diffusion-weighted and TTC sections was strongly correlated (r2=0.86). Transient PCA occlusion of 30–60 min resulted in infarction of the ipsilateral hippocampus and thalamus, sparing the cortex, while more prolonged occlusion (180–210 min) resulted in cortical infarction as well. Conclusions Image-guided microcatheter induction of PCA occlusion in rabbits can consistently produce time-dependent infarction of cortical and subcortical structures that is reliably detected by diffusion-weighted MRI, and thus may be a useful model for therapeutic studies in acute ischemic stroke.


This paper interrogates concepts of street-level and 'front-line' bureaucracy/ practice/ working/ organising by reviewing a number of distinct literatures. It questions the distinction between public and private service, and argues that front-line practice involves a type of co-production, based on public encounters, building relationships, and multi-service coordination and management. It emphasises that the responsibility of front-line workers is primarily to those who pay them for what they do, and only secondarily to those they serve. Nevertheless, front-line workers have to manage the relationships built in the course of their practice, and this management is potentially transformative of service users. The literature describes various ways in which front-line workers manage these relationships, but these ways remain insufficiently explored or understood. The paper further discusses whether front-line practice strengthens or weakens democracy, and concludes with an attempt to understand why front-line practice continues to be dominated by more powerful forces.


This paper outlines a method for estimating computer processing times and costs incurred in producing information products from digital remotely sensed data. The method accounts for both computation and overhead, and may be applied to any serial computer. The method is applied to estimate the cost and computer time involved in producing Level II Land Use and Vegetative Cover Maps for a five-state midwestern region. The results show that the amount of data to be processed overloads some example computer systems, but that the processing is feasible on others.


Natural paratuberculosis infection of rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) was recently diagnosed in Scotland, and an investigation into the pathology of the disease in wild rabbits is reported in this paper. Evidence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (M.a. paratuberculosis) infection was detected in 22% of 110 rabbits; the organism was cultured from 17 of 110 rabbits, and histopathological lesions consistent with M.a. paratuberculosis infection were noted in 18 of 98 rabbits examined. No macroscopical lesions suggestive of M.a. paratuberculosis infection were observed. The histopathological lesions were either severe or mild. Severe lesions consisted of extensive macrophage granulomata and numerous giant cells, with many intracellular acid-fast bacteria in the small intestine. For the examination of formalin-fixed, paraffin wax-embedded tissues, neither immunohistochemistry nor the polymerase chain reaction was as sensitive a method of diagnosis as histopathology.


Introduction: Concomitant onset of active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and psoriasis is rare; however, due to the common skin involvement in both and exacerbation of psoriasis with antimalarial medications used for SLE, it is crucial to investigate the concomitant occurrence of both diseases. Objectives: The present study aims to investigate the incidence of psoriasis in people with active SLE. Patients and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was performed on 148 patients with active SLE from 2015 to 2017. Lupus activity was evaluated based on systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index2K (SLEDAI-2K), and then, the incidence of psoriasis in patients was investigated. Patients' demographic information was recorded in the relevant checklist. Results: The mean score of SLEDAI-2K was 14.10±19.77. The duration of SLE was significantly associated with the SLEDAI-2K score (P=0.001, r = 0.294). Psoriasis incidence was remarkably correlated with the gender of patients with SLE (P=0.019). An insignificant association was found between the coincidences of SLE with psoriasis considering the factors, including age, SLE duration, and mean SLEDAI-2K score. Conclusion: Patients' mean age, SLE duration, and disease activity score were not correlated with concomitant psoriasis among SLE patients; however, we found that males were more prone to concomitant SLE and psoriasis.


ABSTRACT Our paper offers an overview of French organizational leadership by looking at its power sources (inputs), consequences (outcomes), and a triad model. We found that having connections with powerful entities such as top management and the Grandes écoles is the main source of French leadership as these connections confer strong legitimacy, which is an important notion in the French leadership process. Hierarchical, honour-based, and ends-over-means styles of leadership are proposed as a triad model for French leadership. While French leadership focuses heavily on results as outcomes, French management can be either participative or closed, depending on the role of the leader. Enlightenment ideology since the time of the French Revolution may explain the overall characteristics of French leadership from a historical and cultural context. The overview of French leadership in our paper is developed from 31 in-depth interviews with mid- to high-level (ex-) managers who shared their perspectives and experience both as leaders and as followers.


Since the 1960s, the EC and its former colonies (African, Caribbean, Pacific ACP countries) have organised their economic ties around the Lome conventions. The focus of this paper is directed at the substance of the ACP-EC cooperation on the environment within the framework of the Lome IV Convention. The paper also examines the nature of the ecological crisis facing African ACP countries. The author notes that the ecological crisis in African ACP countries has been complicated by the energy crisis. The thrust of this analysis is directed at the response of Lome IV to the ecological crisis in ACP countries. To this end, the author examines the relevant provisions of the Convention. The author concludes that despite its shortcomings, Lome IV constitutes an important document of transnational environmental law.


We compared apoptosis, cellular oxidative stress, and inflammation of cultured endothelial cells treated with sera from 156 subjects with peripheral artery disease (PAD) and 16 healthy control subjects. Furthermore, we compared circulating inflammatory, antioxidant capacity, and vascular biomarkers between the two groups. The PAD group had a 164% higher value for endothelial cell apoptosis (P < 0.001) and a 62% higher value for endothelial cellular reactive oxygen species production (P < 0.001) than the control group. Furthermore, the PAD group had lower systemic antioxidant capacity measured by hydroxyl radical antioxidant capacity activity (P < 0.001), higher inflammatory and vascular measures of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (P < 0.001), interleukin-8 (P < 0.001), serum amyloid A (P < 0.001), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (P < 0.001), adiponectin (P < 0.001), apolipoprotein B (P = 0.013), apolipoprotein CIII (P = 0.035), lower vascular endothelial growth factor-A (P < 0.001), and hepatocyte growth factor (P < 0.001) than the control group. Subjects with PAD have greater endothelial apoptosis and oxidative stress than control subjects with low burden of comorbid conditions and cardiovascular risk factors. Furthermore, subjects with PAD have lower systemic antioxidant capacity and angiogenic measures and higher circulating inflammatory parameters.


This paper examines the gender composition of the flow of new hirees along the organizational hierarchy of jobs. We find that women have a reduced chance to be hired at higher hierarchical levels. We refer to this phenomenon as the "glass door†. The glass door consists of an absolute and a relative effect. First, there is a reduced probability of women being recruited for jobs at higher hierarchical levels. Second, a larger fraction of jobs below the focal level of hiring within the firm reduces the relative inflow of female hirees. The latter component leads women moving to firms in which the job has a lower relative position in the hierarchical structure. We explain the glass door phenomenon by a theoretical model of the firm's decision to hire a woman. The model is based on two key assumptions. First, women have a higher probability of leaving due to their higher valuation of non-market activities. Second, a voluntary quit leads to a larger decrease in the production of lower level co-workers when the worker who leaves has a position in the upper tier of the hierarchy. The glass door implies that the value of women's outside option in the labor market is lower. It may provide an additional explanation of why a glass ceiling can be sustainable as an equilibrium phenomenon.


Information leakage has recently become a serious problem. Because a user's disk might contain a lot of confidential information, it should be encrypted and the encryption key protected securely. Disk security has been improved by storing the encryption key in a hardware token such as a smart card or USB device. There must be some way to recover the encryption key when the token is lost, but to prevent information leakage the encryption key should not be known by the system administrator and should not be able to be recovered by malicious users inside the system. Here we describe a scheme that can limit key recovery when the user's smart card is lost and can do so without the administrator knowing the key. The smart card is used for generating the key and for improving the user authentication.


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Using data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System for the period 1983-1997, Cohen and Einav (Review of Economics and Statistics 2003; 85(4): 828–843) found that mandatory seatbelt laws were associated with a 4 to 6 percent reduction in traffic fatalities among motor vehicle occupants. After successfully replicating their two-way fixed effects estimates, we (1) add 22 years of data (19982019) to capture additional seatbelt policy variation and observe a longer post-treatment period, (2) employ the interaction-weighted estimator proposed by Sun and Abraham (2021) to address potential bias due to heterogeneous and dynamic treatment effects, and (3) estimate event-study models to investigate pre-treatment trends and explore lagged post-treatment effects. Consistent with Cohen and Einav (2003), our updated estimates show that primary seatbelt laws are associated with a 5 to 9 percent reduction in fatalities among motor vehicle occupants. Estimated effects of secondary seatbelt laws are smaller in magnitude and sensitive to model choice. JEL Codes: C13, I12, K32, K42 * Dr. Sabia acknowledges research support from the Center for Health Economics & Policy Studies (CHEPS) at San Diego State University, including research support received by the Charles Koch Foundation and the Troesh Family Foundation.


We investigate the quantum dynamics and statistics of an interesting system of the double-well Bose{Einstein condensates in the presence of a coherent photo-association process occurring in one of the two wells. Through the analytical solutions of a simpli(cid:12)ed model of the atom{molecule condensate, our results show the important impact of initial state preparations on the atomic coherence, especially the di(cid:11)erent squeezing behaviour for the case of photo-association via left-well atoms tunnelling from initial right-well atomic condensate, which holds the promise to be observed in the present laboratory.


One of the most difficult aspects of attracting ridership on a bus system is the variability in travel time. Bus rapid transit (BRT) systems have attempted to improve on typical local and express bus systems by adding and enhancing features of the system and thereby improving travel time variability. Typical BRT features such as running way, passing capability, station spacing, use of transit signal priority, frequency of buses, use of level boarding, and the fare collection process have been described as improving reliability or variability in travel time. However, limited analysis has been performed to validate that assertion. This paper discusses which enhanced features of a BRT system will affect variability of travel time between peak hour and non-peak hour. To measure variability in scheduled end-to-end travel times, a ratio of average peak-hour travel time to average non-peak-hour travel time was compared across BRT systems. To determine the significance in the difference between these averages, a permutation test was conducted. Three of the seven considered features had a significant p-value, with a significance level of .05. The features that proved to be most significant were those dealing directly with general purpose traffic of a BRT system. Features connected more closely with the station portion of the BRT system were found to have little significance.


Ali Green (2009: 51) has observed that "[w]omen's experiences of giving birth have historically been under-explored as a resource for theology, but this essentially female function, now bodily represented by the woman priest, clearly symbolizes aspects of the divine". In this article we explore — through Grace Jantzen's (1998) notion of natality, and the contested framing of "motherism" — the significance of giving birth and mothering to spiritual and religious leadership. We suggest that the experience of giving birth and the praxis of mothering provide not only a conceptual framework to harness new thinking about spiritual leadership and traditional theological doctrines, but also a practical means to transform patriarchal religious spaces. Drawing on feminist theology (which begins with personal experience — our own and shared) we show that there is a reciprocal relationship between mothering and priesthood, which transcends essentialist notions of mothering by embracing embodiment in a holistic praxis of spiritual leadership.


The spatial modeling of extreme snow is important for adequate risk management in Alpine and high altitude countries. A natural approach to such modeling is through the theory of max-stable processes, an infinitedimensional extension of multivariate extreme value theory. In this paper we describe the application of such processes in modeling the spatial dependence of extreme snow depth in Switzerland, based on data for the winters 1966–2008 at 101 stations. The models we propose rely on a climate transformation that allows us to account for the presence of climate regions and for directional effects, resulting from synoptic weather patterns. Estimation is performed through pairwise likelihood inference and the models are compared using penalized likelihood criteria. The max-stable models provide a much better fit to the joint behavior of the extremes than do independence or full dependence models.


The object of the present paper is to study temperature distribution and thermal stresses of a functionally graded thick hollow cylinder with temperature dependent material properties. All the material properties except Poisson's ratio are assumed to be dependent on temperature. The nonlinear heat conduction with temperature dependent thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity is reduced to linear form by applying Kirchhoff's variable transformation. Solution for the two dimensional heat conduction equation with internal heat source is obtained in the transient state. The influence of thermo-sensitivity on the thermal and mechanical behavior is examined. For theoretical treatment all physical and mechanical quantities are taken as dimensional, whereas for numerical computations we have considered nondimensional parameters. A mathematical model is constructed for both homogeneous and nonhomogeneous case. Numerical computations are carried out for ceramic-metal-based functionally graded material (FGM), in which alumina is selected as ceramic and nickel as metal. The results are illustrated graphically. © 2018 IAU, Arak Branch. All rights reserved.


Software cache-based side channel attacks are a serious new class of threats for computers. Unlike physical side channel attacks that mostly target embedded cryptographic devices, cache-based side channel attacks can also undermine general purpose systems. The attacks are easy to perform, effective on most platforms, and do not require special instruments or excessive computation power. In recently demonstrated attacks on software implementations of ciphers like AES and RSA, the full key can be recovered by an unprivileged user program performing simple timing measurements based on cache misses.
 We first analyze these attacks, identifying cache interference as the root cause of these attacks. We identify two basic mitigation approaches: the partition-based approach eliminates cache interference whereas the randomization-based approach randomizes cache interference so that zero information can be inferred. We present new security-aware cache designs, the Partition-Locked cache (PLcache) and Random Permutation cache (RPcache), analyze and prove their security, and evaluate their performance. Our results show that our new cache designs with built-in security can defend against cache-based side channel attacks in general-rather than only specific attacks on a given cryptographic algorithm-with very little performance degradation and hardware cost.


This report discusses the theory and implementation of an Optical Character Recognition (OCR) for Bangla. The principal idea is to convert images of text documents such as those obtained from scanning a document into editable texts. This report does not address the pre-processing steps such as skew correction and noise reduction (which is handled in a previous report), so the documents are assumed to pre-processed by another tool in the pipeline. For training and recognition, the input is then first converted to a binary image, and then into to a 25x25 pixel2 image; the only feature extracted from the images is a 625-bit long vector, which is then trained or classified using a Kohonen neural network. The OCR shows excellent performance for documents with single typeface. The work in progress is extending it to handle multiple typefaces.


This paper instigates the multivariate generalization of the widely used Cauchy inequality 1 + x ≤ ex where x can be any non-negative real number. The results of this study can be the solution for the Cauchy's problem for particular Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE). This is also related to study of the complete monotone function and the divided differences theory. The proof is based on the empty product convention notion and the Beppo Levi theorem of Monotone convergence. This study is also extended to multivariate generalization of the simultaneous inequalities. Key Words: ODEs, Inequalities, Population Dynamics, Simultaneous Inequalities, Divided differences.


With a view to improving the performance and the fault tolerance of mass storage units, this paper concentrates on the architectural issues of parallelizing I/O access and a disk array system by means of definition of a new, particularly flexible architecture, called Partial Dynamic Declustering, which is fault-tolerant and offers higher levels of performance and reliability than the solutions normally used. A fast distributed algorithm based on a dynamic structure and usable for the implementation of an efficient I/O subsystem manager is proposed. Particular attention is also paid to the definition of analytical models based on Stochastic Reward Petri nets in order to analyze the performance and reliability of the system proposed.<<ETX>>


Hydrologic models play an indispensable role in managing the scarce water resources of a region, and in developing countries, the availability and distribution of data are challenging. This research aimed to integrate and compare the satellite rainfall products, namely, Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM 3B43v7) and Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks-Climate Data Record (PERSIANN-CDR), with a GR2M hydrological water balance model over a diversified terrain of the Awash River Basin in Ethiopia. Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), percent bias (PBIAS), coefficient of determination (R2), and root mean square error (RMSE) and Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) were used to evaluate the satellite rainfall products and hydrologic model performances of the basin. The satellite rainfall estimations of both products showed a higher PCC (above 0.86) with areal observed rainfall in the Uplands, the Western highlands, and the Lower sub-basins. However, it was weakly associated in the Upper valley and the Eastern catchments of the basin ranging from 0.45 to 0.65. The findings of the assimilated satellite rainfall products with the GR2M model exhibited that 80% of the calibrated and 60% of the validated watersheds in a basin had lower magnitude of PBIAS (<±10), which resulted in better accuracy in flow simulation. The poor performance with higher PBIAS (≥±25) of the GR2M model was observed only in the Melka Kuntire (TRMM 3B43v7 and PERSIANN-CDR), Mojo (PERSIANN-CDR), Metehara (in all rainfall data sets), and Kessem (TRMM 3B43v7) watersheds. Therefore, integrating these satellite rainfall data, particularly in the data-scarce basin, with hydrological data, generally appeared to be useful. However, validation with the ground observed data is required for effective water resources planning and management in a basin. Furthermore, it is recommended to make bias corrections for watersheds with poorlyww performing satellite rainfall products of higher PBIAS before assimilating with the hydrologic model.


An Ultra-Low-Power readout architecture for capacitive MEMS-based accelerometers and strain sensors is presented. The system can read both accelerometers and strain sensors in a half-bridge configuration. The gain is controlled by integrating pulses from the excitation voltage allowing accurate control of the Signal-to-Noise ratio. A Figure-of-Merit of 4.41×10<sup>−20</sup> F√(W/Hz) was achieved for a sensor range of ±2.0g and ±20,000µε over a 100Hz bandwidth. Residual motion artifacts are also cancelled by the system.


The creative element of this practice-based thesis comprises extracts from a fictional work for children, The Gideon Trilogy. A time-travelling fantasy set in England and America, the novels straddle the late eighteenth- and twenty-first centuries and feature a large cast of child and adult characters. Extracts have been selected either to demonstrate the character development of the Tar Man (an eighteenth-century henchman and eponymous protagonist) or to give a sense of how I have 'choreographed' different locations, times and sets of characters within the narrative framework.

The critical commentary has two aims. First, it interrogates difference and congruence in narrative techniques in the novel and the screenplay. I reflect, in broad terms, on the nature of adaptation and on the historical relationship between film and the novel. I argue that predominantly negative attitudes to novel-to-screen adaptations have defined the discipline's preoccupation with authenticity and fidelity to the source text. Drawing on theoretical debates surrounding how narrative functions in prose fiction and cinema, and supporting my arguments with analyses of novels and screenplays, I discuss the creation of narrative viewpoint and the function and usage of character and dialogue in these two forms. Second, using my own work as a test case, I discuss the outcomes of developing a narrative in two media, using sequential and parallel adaptation, and ask if adaptation might be used as a developmental tool in the creation of narratives.


Recently Xie et al. [Q. Xie, N. Dong, X. Tan. D. Wong, G. Wang. Improvement of a three-party password-based key exchange protocol with formal verification. Information Technology and Control, 2013, Vol. 42, No. 3, 231-237] proposed an efficient three-party password-based key exchange protocol and used a formal verification tool to verify its security. In this paper, we demonstrate that their protocol is vulnerable to the off-line password guessing attack and the key compromise impersonation attack. The analysis shows that their protocol is not secure for practical applications. To overcome weaknesses in Xie et al.'s protocol, we also propose an improved 3PAKE protocol. Analysis shows that our protocol not only overcomes those weaknesses, but also has better performance. Therefore, our protocol is more suitable for practical applications. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.itc.43.1.5322


Reasoning and sense making are inextricably linked in the realm of both statistics and probability, just as they are in other parts of the mathematics curriculum. In this chapter, we start with sense making because no statistics problem can be meaningful without context (Rao 1975); a statistical question must make sense in context before a student can begin to investigate it. All through a statistical investigation, when tools are being applied, patterns
explored, uncertainty considered, and conclusions drawn, the question of making sense of the underlying context must be kept in mind. It is also necessary to make sense of the connections among these stages of an investigation. Next we turn to reasoning, a function of the intellect defined as the "process of drawing conclusions on the basis of evidence or stated assumptions" (NCTM 2009, p. 4), which is an apt ·description of a statistical investigation itself. Throughout this chapter sense making and reasoning provide the structure for the procedures and tools used, the modeling carried out, the assumptions made, and the clear communication of results. In this investigative process the importance of connections cannot be overemphasized. There are links within the investigation itself and links to other parts of mathematics, such as, for example, percentage, fraction, measurement, and basic graphing, as well as links across the curriculum in the contexts where statistical questions are found.


This mixed-methods study aimed to develop understanding of
professionalism in the Vocational Education and Training (VET) sector in Ireland through exploring the nature of practice and practitioners, and how practitioners conceptualise and construct professionalism and develop as professionals in the VET workplace. This was done using a conceptual framework incorporating workplace learning theories to provide a fresh way to consider how VET trainers are prepared for professional practice (i.e. Lave and Wenger, 1991; Fuller and Unwin, 2004)

It emerged from the study that trainers perceived their role primarily in terms of preparing learners for the labour-market. Novice trainers were rapidly immersed in their new roles and the workplace context experienced by them appeared to have inadvertently encouraged them to hold onto former occupational identities, in many cases prioritising subject-matter expertise over pedagogic knowledge. It also emerged that the trainers' ourney from newcomer to competent or expert practitioner was dependent n the learning environment they experienced and that their progress was nfluenced by 'expansive' and 'restrictive' characteristics (Fuller and nwin, 2004). As the study progressed it emerged that Fuller and Unwin's heory became much more significant than was originally envisaged when developing the conceptual framework.

Professionalism was predominantly constructed by many trainers as 'structure' with a focus on the achievement of targets and outcomes (Gleeson and Knights, 2006). The study concluded that there is a challenge for VET providers to make workplace learning more visible and to enable it to take place in a more expansive environment. A new model of professionalism is proposed which integrates formal and informal professional learning in the workplace.

This study contributes to the research by: generating a profile of current VET trainers which outlines their qualifications and experience and the nature of their work; developing an understanding of practitioners' perception of the nature of their practice, competence and professionalism and their experience of entry to and professional development in the VET sector; and, providing a model of the dominant construct of professionalism emerging from the practitioners who participated in the study and suggesting an alternative model of professionalism for VET.


Theoretically the process of intercultural Bible reading should create a safe space where the voice of the individual can be heard in community with others. It should be a space where the individual is not only free to speak but also to have the innate experience of truly being heard. In this respect the intercultural Bible reading experience becomes a space that promotes human dignity and has the inherent capacity to facilitate social transformation. Although these Bible study groups can ideally be a safe space with the potential for social transformation, the practical reality shows a more complicated dynamic. Two important factors that contribute to the complexity are the ideological framework of individual participants and the underlying power dynamic in the social interaction. To bring the concepts of power and ideology in intercultural Bible reading into focus, an empirical study was conducted. Building on the theoretical discussion in Part I, this contribution will turn to the empirical study. An overview will be provided of the carefully constructed research process which allowed participants time for personal reflection, intimate dialogue as well as group discussion in order to create a free and safe space for creative interaction. In order to critically engage with the data collected, a unique set of qualitative data analysis tools was developed to deal with the issues of power and ideology as mentioned above. The final part of the article will discuss this process of qualitative data analysis and give a brief summary of the research results.


Different modeling approaches for the sub-100nm MOSFET are discussed in [11] and the surface potential description model is reported to be promising, [9, 11]. Surface potential changes impact gate capacitance and current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of the MOS device at thin gate oxides (below 4nm.) The surface potential model is usually obtained by solving the Poisson equation with boundary conditions. The major drawback of this approach is that the surface potential is given by an implicit relation and can only be solved iteratively, requiring expensive computational time. For circuit analysis application, analytical, explicit solutions are preferred because of their simplicity and computational speed. Here we present an analytical model for the polysilicon (poly) gate depletion effect on the surface potential of the NMOS device. The reduction of the channel surface potential due to poly depletion is expressed in terms of the doping concentration on both sides of the gate oxide and the oxide thickness. The surface potential model is derived by directly solving the Poisson equation on the poly and silicon sides using asymptotic methods,[4], and the final analytical model exhibits an excellent fit with numerical data (see Figures 2 and 3.) We believe that these models will be very useful in improving SPICE circuit simulations in advanced VLSI since the gate depletion effect is significant in nanoscale MOSFET devices.


This paper presents the theoretical background for development of a unified rheological model (URM) for low-carbon steel which is sensitive to the temperature and strain-rate effects during fire exposure. The proposed URM consists of a serial connection of two Kelvin-Voight (KV) rheological elements. Each KV element is used to simulate a particular material strain (stress-related and creep strain) in fireaffected steel. The first KV element is capable of taking into account strain-rategoverned change of yield strength and the second is sensitive to variation of heating rate. A verification of the proposed URM by using test data from transient coupon tests of steel Grade 275 is also presented.


The general aim of this thesis was to gain understanding of what patterns of child and environment characteristics that promote and sustain health and positive functioning of children with and without developmental delay or disabilities. The focus was on promotion of strengths and competencies rather than on prevention of risk factors, with an emphasis on children's functioning in every-day life. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies were conducted on representative samples of children. In Study I, participation in school activities were used as an outcome of positive functioning of children with disabilities. The findings indicated that autonomy, locus of control, child-peer interaction, and availability of activities were most influential in relation to participation in a pattern of child and environment factors. No significant difference was found across groups in type and degree of disability. Study II was conducted to gain knowledge of how young children perceive health. The interviews revealed that children perceived health in a multidimensional perspective, well represented by the health dimensions of ICF. The children largely related consequences of health to engagement. In Study III, engagement was used as an outcome of children's interaction with their natural environment. The focus was to describe how children with and without developmental delay, divided into homogenous groups according to a pattern of child-environment interaction factors, engaged in developmentally appropriate behavior in their preschool and home environment. Groups of children with different patterns showed similar outcomes of engagement. Children with developmental delay were represented across groups, implying that developmental delay was less of a factor by itself influencing level of engagement. Study IV was longitudinal and the aim was to identify pathways of children's engagement over time of children with and without developmental delay. Child-peer interaction seemed to promote high level engagement, while developmental delay only showed to be influential of low level engagement over time if combined with behavior problems. Children without developmental delay or behavior problems were met with greater teacher responsiveness, and at the same time teacher responsiveness predicted stable patterns of high level engagement or change to higher level engagement over time. The general finding in this thesis supported a both a multidimensional perspective of health and positive functioning, in where developmental delay and disability is viewed as a function of child and environmental characteristics. The results are discussed in a systemic perspective, in where the role of the delay or disability, as of other factors related to health and positive functioning in the whole child-environment system is determined by a multitude of factors. The dynamic character of children's development makes it difficult to predict children's future functioning, from isolated factors such as disability or developmental delay. Thus, a disability or developmental delay only becomes a risk factor of health, when combined with other risk factors that decrease the functioning of children in their every-day life.


Abstract Short, S. C., Bourne, S., Martindale, C., Woodcock, M. and Jackson, S. P. DNA Damage Responses at Low Radiation Doses. Radiat. Res. 164, 292–302 (2005). Increased cell killing after exposure to low acute doses of X rays (0–0.5 Gy) has been demonstrated in cells of a number of human tumor cell lines. The mechanisms underlying this effect have been assumed to be related to a threshold dose above which DNA repair efficiency or fidelity increases. We have used cells of two radioresistant human tumor cell lines, one that shows increased sensitivity to low radiation doses (T98G) and one that does not (U373), to investigate the DNA damage response at low doses in detail and to establish whether there is a discontinuous dose response or threshold in activation of any important mediators of this response. In the two cell lines studied, we found a sensitive, linear dose response in early signaling and transduction pathways between doses of 0.1 and 2 Gy with no evidence of a threshold dose. We demonstrate that ATM-dependent signaling events to downstream targets including TP53, CHK1 and CHK2 occur after doses as low as 0.2 Gy and that these events promote an effective damage response. Using chemical inhibition of specific DNA repair enzymes, we show that inhibition of DNA-PK-dependent end joining has relatively little effect at low (<1 Gy) doses in hyper-radiosensitive cells and that at these doses the influence of RAD51-mediated repair events may increase, based on high levels of RAD51/BRCA2 repair foci. These data do not support a threshold model for activation of DNA repair in hyper-radiosensitive cells but do suggest that the balance of repair enzyme activity may change at low doses.


The article discusses the ways in which the MotionComposer (MC), a newly developed device that turns movement into music, engages users with different abilities, so as to provide positive psychological and somatic effects. It begins with a case study – the story of one application of the device involving a young man with cerebral palsy. His experiences are typical of many others and provide some useful generalisations. The article then discusses a number of goals and related design principles that have been important in the development of the device, including a discussion of two conflicting strategies which must be reconciled: On the one hand, there is a need for clear causality. On the other hand, for such a device to remain interesting over time, there is a need for variation. A technical description of the hardware and software is given, followed by a discussion of general mapping issues pertaining to the different sound environments or interaction modes of the MC.


Reliability assessment and risk analysis of machine rotors in various overload and malfunction situations present challenge to engineers and operators. In this paper a new analytical method for evaluation of rotor under large deformation is addressed. Model is presented in general form to include also composite rotors. Presented simulation procedure is based on variational work method and has capability to account for geometric nonlinearity, large displacement, nonlinear support effect and rotor contacting other machine components. New shape functions are presented which capable to predict accurate nonlinear profile of rotor. The closed form solutions for various operating and malfunction situations are expressed. Analytical simulation results are discussed.


Reuse of design knowledge may play an important role during the variant design and improvement of complex mechanical products. In the paper, a design knowledge reuse model and a knowledge-reuse-based process model with helical evolution were proposed. Effective management and timely updating technology of design knowledge was also analyzed and explored, and a knowledge-reuse-based computer design system was developed. Moreover, taking a slipform paver as an example, variant design and improving steps of complex mechanical products was intrduced.


This study develops a framework that can be used to examine the retirement savings decision. Using Retirement Confidence Survey data (N = 751), this analysis determined that respondents with higher education levels, higher income, a smaller household size, and favorable financial attitudes tend to currently have a retirement savings program in place. Those who are exposed to workplace financial education are more likely to have a retirement savings program and having a retirement savings program related positively to retirement confidence.


The incidence of tuberculosis in pregnancy in UK is increasing among ethnic minority women. A 25 year old Indian woman with a BMI of 17 was booked in her first pregnancy. Her antenatal period was uneventful until 33 weeks gestation when she presented in early labour with pathological CTG and a coincidental history of non-productive cough and fever for two weeks. A live female baby weighing 1.4 kg was delivered by caesarean section with an arterial cord pH of 6.9. Intraoperative findings included extensive segments of small bowel and adnexae matted with caseous tubercles. She developed fever and subacute intestinal obstruction in the early postoperative period. CT scan revealed mediastinal lymphadenopathy and pleural effusion. Anti-tubercular treatment was started under care of a multidisciplinary team. She developed caecal perforation on eighth postoperative day requiring urgent laparotomy with right hemicolectomy and end ileostomy. Histology of caecum showed necrotizing mycobacterial inflammation. Baby needed ventillatory support immediately after birth and developed seizures thereafter. A subdural haematoma was drained on day 4. Gastric aspirate showed acid fast bacilli suggestive of congenital tuberculosis. Baby was treated with six months of antitubercular treatment and signs of right sided hemiplegia persisted at twelve months of age. An attempt of reversal of ileostomy was abandoned after one year because of extensive peritoneal tuberculosis despite being on antitubercular treatment throughout the same period of time. Medical assessment of the ethnic minority women upon entry into UK will avoid delay in diagnosis and reduce maternal and perinatal morbidity in this group.


ABSTRACT Conjugative transfer of a bacteriocin plasmid, pPD1, of Enterococcus faecalis is induced in response to a peptide sex pheromone, cPD1, secreted from plasmid-free recipient cells. cPD1 is taken up by a pPD1 donor cell and binds to an intracellular receptor, TraA. Once a recipient cell acquires pPD1, it starts to produce an inhibitor of cPD1, termed iPD1, which functions as a TraA antagonist and blocks self-induction in donor cells. In this study, we discuss how TraA transduces the signal of cPD1 to the mating response. Gel mobility shift assays indicated that TraA is bound to a traA-ipd intergenic region, which is essential for cPD1 response. DNase I footprinting analysis suggested the presence of one strong (tab1) and two weak (tab2 and tab3) TraA-binding sites in the intergenic region. Primer extension analysis implied that the transcriptional initiation sites of traA and ipd were located in the intergenic region. Northern analysis showed that cPD1 upregulated and downregulated transcription of ipd and traA, respectively. The circular permutation assay showed that TraA bent a DNA fragment corresponding to the tab1 region, and its angle was changed in the presence of cPD1 or iPD1. From these data, we propose a model that TraA changes the conformation of the tab1 region in response to cPD1 and upregulates the transcription of ipd, which may lead to expression of genes required for the mating response.


The terms product synthesis and design designate problems involving identification and selection of compounds or mixtures that are capable of performing certain tasks or possess certain physical properties. Since the properties of the compound or mixture dictate whether or not the design is useful, the basis for solution approaches in this area should be based on the properties themselves. However, the performance requirements for the solvent are usually dictated by the process and thus the identification of the desired solvent properties should be driven by the desired process performance. Traditionally process design and molecular design have been treated as two separate problems, with little or no feedback between the two approaches. Each problem has been conveniently isolated or decoupled from the other. When considering conventional process design methodologies, the selected species are chosen from among a list of pre-defined candidate components, therefore, limiting performance to the listed components. On the other hand, with molecular design techniques, the desired target properties are required input to the solution algorithm. Once again these decisions are made ahead of design and are usually based on qualitative process knowledge and/or experience and thus possibly yield a sub-optimal design. Introduction of the property integration framework allows for representation of process and products from a properties perspective. Utilizing this methodology enables identification of the desired product properties by targeting the optimum process performance without committing to any components during the solution step. The identified property targets can then be used as inputs for solving a molecular design problem, which returns the corresponding components. In this work, we are combining property clustering techniques and group contribution methods (GCM) to facilitate simultaneous consideration of the property performance requirements as well as process and molecular constraints. For visualization purposes only three properties can be used to characterize the system, however algebraic and optimization based approaches can extend the application range to include more properties. Using this approach the process requirements along with the molecular fragments can be represented on a ternary cluster diagram. The basis for the property clustering technique is the use of property operators, which are tailored to exhibit linear mixing rules. The mixing rules will invariably be functionally different for molecular groups and process streams; however since they represent the same property, they can still be visualized on the same diagram. Once visualized it is possible to solve the process design problem by identifying the solvent properties …


The plays of Jacobean dramatist John Webster are masterpieces of early seventeenth-century English theatre. "The White Devil" depicts a dark, sinister world of duplicity, intrigue and murderous infidelity, while "The Duchess of Malfi" tells the macabre story of a woman who marries beneath herself and sets in motion a terrible cycle of violence. Unlike these revenge tragedies, "The Devil's Law-Case" asserts social order in a plot filled with twists of fate. Written at a time when the court of King James was rife with instability and corruption, Webster's disturbing plays reflect this abuse of power and are known for their horrific vision of humanity - yet they are also some of the most rich, sophisticated dramas ever composed.


The development of any infectious disease, from an epidemiologic perspective, requires three conditions: a reservoir for the etiologic agent, a mode of transmission, and the presence of a susceptible host. The article by Band and colleagues in this issue ofThe Journal(p 2404) describing an outbreak of Legionnaires' disease (LD) addresses all three of these conditions. Water in an air conditioning cooling tower contaminated with Legionella pneumophila constituted the reservoir for this outbreak of LD. The mode of transmission was airborne, as convincingly demonstrated by environmental studies and epidemiologic analysis. Smoke-tracer studies showed that aerosolized exhaust from the cooling tower could be transmitted down a hotel chimney, out of a fireplace, and into a hotel meeting room. The attack rate of LD was highest for those hotel patrons occupying the meeting room with the fireplace. The susceptible host in this outbreak, as in other outbreaks of LD, was the


Middle- and long-distance running performance is constrained by the complex interaction of physiological, biomechanical and neuromuscular factors. Several of these factors have the potential to be enhanced both acutely and chronically using strength-based exercise. A plethora of research has investigated the efficacy of strength training (ST) activities for improving physiological determinants of performance via enhancements in neuromuscular- and tendon-related properties. This body of literature has previously not been reviewed, nor is it known the extent to which the distance running community engage with ST. Moreover, research is specifically lacking in the post-pubertal adolescent age group and very few works have considered whether strength-based exercise could acutely potentiate performance-related outcomes.

The first aim of this thesis was to systematically review the literature on ST for distance runners. Based upon findings from 26 studies, it was evident that ST activities have the capability of improving time-trial performance, running economy (RE) and important anaerobic qualities following a 6-14 week intervention. Despite these findings, it is uncertain what proportion of runners include ST in their routine, and whether runners of a specific age and competitive status are more likely to participate.

The second study of this thesis aimed to explore ST practices of competitive distance runners (n=667). The most common activities utilised were stretching (86.2%) and core stability exercises (70.2%), despite limited evidence for their value. Resistance training and plyometric training (PT) were used by 62.5% and 35.1% of runners respectively. A disproportionately high number of under-17 and under-20 year old runners included PT, running drills and circuit training in their training, compared to older age groups. Indeed, ST is recommended for adolescent athletes to develop a wide-range of physical competencies, lower injury risk and enhance performance.

A test-retest reliability investigation was conducted (Study 3) in a group of adolescent distance runners, to ascertain the reproducibility of a range of important physiological and biomechanical variables related to distance running performance and strength outcomes. Following allometric scaling of variables influenced by body mass, reliability indices showed a high level of reproducibility across all physiological parameters and maximal speed (typical error ≤ 2%; intra-class correlation coefficient > 0.8; effect size (ES) < 0.6). Biomechanical metrics displayed moderate levels of inter-session consistency. Minimal detectable change values (95% confidence) were calculated to provide a robust threshold for identifying magnitude based inference terms in subsequent studies.

Study 4 investigated the effect of a ten week ST programme on a group of post-pubertal adolescent distance runners. Participants were randomly assigned to a group that added two weekly ST sessions to their training, or a control group, who continued their normal running. ST enhanced RE by a small extent (ES: 0.31-0.51) and was highly likely to improve maximal speed without deleterious effects on body composition and other aerobic parameters.

The final study of this thesis investigated the efficacy of a short bout of strength-based exercise on physiological parameters and time to exhaustion (TTE) in a group of high-performing adolescent runners. Seventeen young male distance runners performed a baseline assessment session followed by two identical trials organised in a randomised crossover design. Prior to each trial, participants completed either six depth jumps (DJ) or a control condition. The DJ condition produced moderate significant improvements (-3.7%, p 0.05).

In conclusion, the addition of ST to the training routine of a middle- or long-distance runner appears to provide a performance advantage via improvements in RE and anaerobic factors. Despite these well-established benefits of ST, competitive runners tend to prefer other non-running based training techniques under the impression they lower injury risk and improve performance. Importantly, results from studies 4 and 5 in this thesis have shown that in the post-pubertal adolescent age-group, both chronic (ten week) and acute strength-based exercise interventions provide a small to moderate but possibly beneficial effect on RE.


Most cutaneous T-cell lymphomas are derived from mature postthymic T cells of the CD4 subtype. When other less common profiles are encountered, a diagnostic challenge is posed. Accurate categorization is critical because of the specificity of therapeutic regimens, including biologics. A 65-year-old woman was seen in 2001 because of a thigh mass manifesting an unusual phenotype eventually categorized as a mature postthymic CD8+ T-cell lymphoma with CD10 and weak CD20 expression. Molecular studies revealed T-cell receptor and heavy chain immunoglobulin rearrangement. Her cutaneous disease progressed despite several cycles of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. However, a therapeutic trial with denileukin diftitox resulted in a striking response. The importance of this case lies in the novel phenotype and dual T- and B-cell rearrangements. Rather than representing an aberrant phenotype, this tumor may represent the malignant counterpart of a benign population of weakly CD20+ T cells of the CD8 subset.