Limnological data on the coastal zone of the world's greatest lakes are scanty in contrast to the deep-water research that is actually the main reason for a delayed response of the researchers' and public community to evident anthropogenic changes the lake ecosystems are experiencing worldwide. The present study reports on the interdisciplinary investigations in the coastal zone of Lake Baikal during 2000–2018 and gives a brief description of the splash zone as a principal part of the lake ecosystem poorly known in other lakes of the Planet so far. Recent surveys of Lake Baikal showed a key role of the coastal zone research for the fundamental limnology and efcient monitoring of the lacustrine ecosystems. The splash zone of Baikal is briefly described due to its peculiarity. Principal reasons of signifcance of lake coastal zone research such as: maximal biodiversity of lacustrine ecosystems, high macrobenthos productivity in Baikal, intensive biogeochemical processes in rift and karst lakes and their reasoning are described. This is the zone that frst of all colonized by invasive species and where the obvious cyclicity in plankton-benthos relationships is clearly expressed. Early warning signs for the ecological disturbance, such as blooms and wash-ups of native and/or alien algae, degradation of pelagic and benthic communities, bioaccumulation of pollutants (including organochlorine compounds) by hydrobionts, etc. are manifested in the coastal zone. A short report of the current ecological crisis in the coastal zone by 2018 is presented. The uniqueness of Lake Baikal makes the ongoing eutrophication different from all other Palearctic lakes. Therefore, the hydrochemical indicators of the water column of great lakes do not match the commonly accepted principal eutrophication criteria pool. Biological indication approach appears most appropriate for the analysis of the initial eutrophication stages. The author points out real and potential sources of excessive biogenic element supply into the lake ecosystem such as, sewage contamination of the estuarine parts of Baikal tributaries by the coastal settlements and vessels, pollution of the ground and interstitial waters of the beaches, input of biogenic elements as a result of mass mortality of sponges and other hydrobionts, secondary contamination by decaying algal wash-ups, intensive nutrient influx after numerous forest fres on the lake coasts and aerosol contamination. All these factors provide new opportunities to evaluate the initial eutrophication stages either on Baikal or in any other of the giant lakes. Special emphasis is given to an inadequate governmental lake monitoring systems focusing on the pelagial zone without taking into consideration the coastal (splash zone included) biological communities. Our landscape-ecological method served a basis for elaborating approaches for complex monitoring of Baikal coastal zone recommended as a part of the Federal Baikal Ecosystem Monitoring.


TiNi/Al-12%Si alloy is a kind of prospective material used as special energy absorbers for eliminating undesirable noise and mechanical vibration. The investigation on the mechanical properties of this composite alloy is of great importance. In this study, the surface deformation of TiNi/Al-12%Si composite alloy under external loading was measured experimentally by means of DSCM method. Some deformation characteristics of TiNi/AlSi composite alloy under the effect of the tensile load and the interaction between TiNi and AlSi are discussed. In addition, the elastic modulus and the poisson ' s ratio of this alloy were measured as well. The results agrees well with the theory predicts.


There was a village in Palestine called Ein Houd, whose people traced their ancestry back to one of Saladin's generals who was granted the territory as a reward for his prowess in battle. By the end of the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, all the inhabitants of Ein Houd had been dispersed or exiled or had gone into hiding, although their old stone homes were not destroyed. In 1953 the Israeli government established an artists' cooperative community in the houses of the village, now renamed Ein Hod. In the meantime, the Arab inhabitants of Ein Houd moved two kilometers up a neighboring mountain and illegally built a new village. They could not afford to build in stone, and the mountainous terrain prevented them from using the layout of traditional Palestinian villages. That seemed unimportant at the time, because the Palestinians considered it to be only temporary, a place to live until they could go home. The Palestinians have not gone home. The two villages-Jewish Ein Hod and the new Arab Ein Houd-continue to exist in complex and dynamic opposition. The Object of Memory explores the ways in which the people of Ein Houd and Ein Hod remember and reconstruct their past in light of their present-and their present in light of their past. Honorable Mention, 1999 Perkins Book Prize, Society for the Study of Narrative


ABSTRACT Due to a rapidly increasing demand for bibliographic instruction, Southwestern College in San Ysidro, California, devised an interactive English-Spanish multimedia library skills program using Macintosh and Kodak PhotoCD technologies. First, a PhotoCD containing 100 photos of library services was produced. Then, an interactive Macintosh program using Macromedia's Director software was developed. The "attract mode" entices passersby with a 360-degree view of the library's interior. The next screen offers eight choices: Restrooms; Help; San Ysidro (college center); Interactive Campus Map; Floor Plan; Index of Topics; 360-degree view; and Non-print Materials. Following screens provide up to four layers of information. Users can access information from photographic, graphic, or textual starting points. For Beta testing, paper response surveys were used and screen output was videotaped by connecting a VHS recorder to the Macintosh each morning and recording 8 hours of use. The videotapes illustrate how students are using the program and where they become hung up or abandon the program. As technology improves, bilingual sound and Quick Time movie or video disc inserts may be added. This project was funded with a $10,000 Fund for Instructional Improvement grant from the California Community Colleges Chancellor's Office. The paper includes copies of Southwestern College Library Orientation computer screens. (KP)


The study examines the relationship among Malaysian's market stock return, dividend yields and price earnings ratio. Specifically, it examines the existence of long-run and short-run relationship and also their predictive power (causality) between and among market stock return, dividend yields and price earnings. Using the monthly data from 1989-2005, the study finds that all these fundamental variables have a strong long run relationship. As for the short run relationship, the results show significant positive predictive power from dividend yield to stock return and significant negative relation from stock returns to price earning ratios. In addition, applying multivariate causality test, the results show that both dividend yields and price earning ratio Granger cause (predict) the stock return. Similar results are found from stock returns and P/E ratio to dividend yield, as well as from dividend yield and stock returns to P/E ration but with lesser magnitude. Thus, fundamental variables are an important source of information in determining stock market returns and useful to investors and other market participants in deciding their investment strategies. Keywords: Stock return, dividend yield, price earning ratio, Malaysian market.


Big fruit size and nice red pigmentation combined with good flavor should be the major target for red-fleshed kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.) breeding programs. Genetic diversity and plant characteristics were evaluated on a set of kiwifruit accessions with predominantly redflesh to identify the superior individuals for further breeding or study of commercial application. The leading phenotypic characters varied widely among the accessions. Accession R reached average fruit weight '100 g, whereas it ranged from 43.15 to 84.71 g for the other accessions. Fruits of L and Q were flatter in shape than the others. The core volume accounted for fruit proportions ranging from 2.33% to 11.42%. 'Chuhong', 'Honghua', and K exhibited a round fruit apex, whereas most others showed a depressed apex. R, L, and Q had the highest a* values in the inner pericarp and also the most appealing visual coloration. Results revealed significantly higher soluble solid content (SSC), total sugar, and sugar/acid ratio in Q, R, and L. The 12 pairs of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were successfully used to characterize the genetic variability and confirm true-to-type identity for four accessions. However, the limited number of markers had no ability to discriminate among the other 11 accessions. Based on additional 28 SSRs, six of the indistinguishable accessions were confirmed to be genetically different, and three seemed to belong to the same clone vine. The results demonstrated that application of SSR data could improve the efficiency of identifying red-fleshed kiwifruit germplasm.


Three highly porous MOFs with dinuclear [M2(OH)0.5(NO3)0.5(RCOO)2(RN)4] SBUs (secondary building units), [Cu4(L1)4(OH)(NO3)]·2(NO3)·4DMF (compound Cu-L1, HL1 = 5-imidazol-1-yl-nicotinic acid, DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide), [Ni4(L1)4(OH)(NO3)3(DMF)2]·3DMF·4H2O (compound Ni-L1) and [Ni4(L2)4(OH)(NO3)3(DMF)2]·3DMF (compound Ni-L2, HL2 = 5-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl-nicotinic acid), have been solvothermally constructed using a heterofunctional ligand motif with carboxylate and azolate groups. All three compounds show high thermal and chemical stability, not only in water but also in acidic and basic solutions (pH = 2–11). Due to the presence of accessible open metal sites (OMSs), compounds Cu-L1, Ni-L1, and Ni-L2 exhibit significant ability to capture CO2 (114.8, 88.3 and 93.7 cm3 g−1, respectively, under 1 bar at 273 K). Interestingly, gas adsorption results show that all three compounds exhibit high selectivity toward O2 over N2 at 77 K and C3H8 over CH4 at 298 K, which indicates that the three materials have potential for gas separation applications.


Bridging the gap between different phenomena, mechanisms and levels of description,
different design methods can converge in a unitary way of formulation. This protocol consolidates
the analogy and parallelism in the description of any unit operation of separation, as is the particular
case of sedimentation. This holistic framework is compatible and complementary with other
methodologies handled at length, and tries to contribute to the integration of some imaginative and useful
- but marginal, heuristic or rustic- procedures for the design of settlers and thickeners, within well
founded and unified methodology.

 Classical models for hindered sedimentation allow solid flux in the direction of the gravity
field to be formulated by analogy to changes obeying a potential, such as molecular transfer in the direction
of the gradient and chemical transformation throughout the reaction coordinate. This article justifies
the fundamentals of such a suggestive generalized analogy through the definition of the time of
the sedimentation unit (TSU), the effective surface area of a sedimentation unit (ASU) and the number
of sedimentation units (NSU), as elements of a sizing equation.

This article also introduces the generalization of the model ab initio: Analogy is a well
known and efficient tool, not only in the interpretation of events with academic or coaching purposes,
but also in the generalized modelling, prospective, innovation, analysis and synthesis of technological
processes. Chemical Engineering protocols for the basic dimensioning of Unit Operations driven by
potentials (momentum, heat and mass transfer chemical reaction) are founded in macroscopic balances
of mass and energy.

These balances, emphatically called "design equations", result from the integration of mechanistic
differential formulations at the microscopic level of description ("equations of variation"). In its
turn, these equations include phenomenological terms that may be formulated in corpuscular terms in
the field of Chemical Physics. The design equation correlates requirements in equipment (e.g. any
practical forms of size and residence or elapsed time for an efficient interaction) to the objectives of
the operation (e.g. variations in mass or energy contents of a confined or fluent system). This formulation
allows the identification of different contributions: intrinsic terms (related to mechanistic kinetics
of the phenomena) and circumstantial terms (related to conditions and variables of operation).

In fact, this model suggests that temporal or spatial dimensions of the equipment may be
assumed to depend irrespectively on two design contributions: the entity of a representative "unit of
operation (or process)" - illustrated by a descriptor of this dimension- and the "number of (these) units"
needed to achieve the separating or transformative objectives of the operation.


Green communication systems and, in broader terms, green information and communications technologies have the potential to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions worldwide. This article provides an overview of two issues related to achieving the full carbon abatement potential of ICT. First, green communications research challenges are discussed, notably as they pertain to networking issues. Various initiatives regarding green ICT testbeds are presented in the same realm in order to validate the "green performance" and functionality of such greener cyber-infrastructure. Second, this article offers a description of ongoing international efforts to standardize methodologies that accurately quantify the carbon abatement potential of ICTs, an essential tool to ensure the economic viability of green ICT in the low carbon economy and carbon credit marketplace of the 21st century.


Fifteen species of cardiid bivalves are reported from the type area of the Chipola Formation in Calhoun County, Florida.  These 15 species are assigned to nine genera and four subfamilies; one new subgenus, Trachycardium (Conilocardium) type species "Cardium (Trachycardium)" cestum Dall - and five new species: Acrosterigma (Vasticardium) hoerleorum, Papyridea miocica, Papyridea multicostula, Fragum tunicula, and Trigoniocardia (Americardia) decidua are described.  More than 40,000 valves were examined during the study, with slightly more than one-third of these proving to be referrable to Trigoniocardia (Trigoniocardia) simrothi (Dall).  This species together with Dinocardiurn chipolanum (Dall) and Trigoniocardia (Trigoniocardia?) burnsii (Dall) constitute almost three-fourths of the cardiid fauna.  Variation in the distribution of some of the species poses problems, probably of ecologic nature, that at present cannot satisfactorily be resolved; others appear to be of possible time/ stratigraphic significance.  Use of long-wave ultraviolet light has permitted the study of latent color patterns on a number of the species; these have been of much use in confirming their generic identification.


Abstract The St. Kitts Sea Turtle Monitoring Network (SKSTMN) is a community-based sea turtle conservation organization operating in St. Kitts, West Indies. Four species of either nesting and/or foraging sea turtles have been recorded in the area around St. Kitts, including leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea), green (Chelonia mydas), hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata), and loggerhead (Caretta caretta). An open fishing season for sea turtles is active in St. Kitts and Nevis from 1 October through 28 February annually. In 2006, sea turtle fishers in St. Kitts were assessed by the SKSTMN through a survey process to determine the status of sea turtle stocks in the St. Kitts area and to determine the feasibility of developing a local community-based ecotourism project focusing on sea turtles. Based on the results of this survey, the SKSTMN made the decision to develop alternative livelihoods for the fishers to serve as a replacement for the harvest. These included a Sea Turtle Technician Program and a St. Kitts Leatherback Ecotour Package. Prior to the development and implementation of the St. Kitts Leatherback Ecotour Package, a representative survey was prepared and distributed to 3 target groups: local citizens, tourists, and residents. A complete tour package was developed according to the survey results, and the package was offered during leatherback nesting seasons from 2009 to 2014. In 2014, an outcome assessment of the ecotourism initiative was conducted that consisted of electronic survey delivery to a subset of former ecotour participants. These initiatives have resulted in a decrease in the number of sea turtles harvested in St. Kitts annually and have also produced a number of sustainable technician positions for Kittitian citizens on the project.


The identity of 51 isolates of Armillaria from 15 Quercus robur trees in poor health, and a single healthy tree,
at nine sites in England, was determined using multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of three gene regions.
Sequences of the ITS-1, IGS-1 and EF-1α gene regions were obtained by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
amplification and sequencing, and phylogenetic trees were generated based on maximum likelihood and
Bayesian inference of phylogenies. Four Armillaria species were isolated: Armillaria gallica, A. mellea, A. ostoyae
and A. tabescens. Armillaria gallica was most frequently isolated (40/51 isolates), but only from woodland
trees. Armillaria mellea was isolated infrequently (3/51), from garden trees; A. tabescens was isolated infrequently
(4/51), from trees either in a garden or a parkland location. Armillaria ostoyae (4/51 isolates) was coisolated
with A. gallica, raising interesting questions about the synecology of these species, suggesting that
more thorough investigations are required to detect all species present on a single host. The distribution of
these Armillaria species in Britain and historical information about them on oak are described. It is concluded
that further studies are necessary to determine the role of Armillaria in oak declines; A. gallica should be a key
focus, but investigations should include polymicrobial interactions with other microorganisms, including other
Armillaria species.


Stem or black rust, caused by Puccinia graminis tritici, has historically caused severe losses to wheat (Triticum aestivum) production worldwide. Successful control of the disease for over three decades through the use of genetic resistance has resulted in a sharp decline in research activity in recent years. Detection and spread in East Africa of race TTKS, commonly known as Ug99, is of high significance as most wheat cultivars currently grown in its likely migration path, i.e. to North Africa through Arabian Peninsula and then to Middle East and Asia, are highly susceptible to this race and the environment is conducive to disease epidemics. Identifying/developing adapted resistant cultivars in a relatively short time and replacing the susceptible cultivars before rust migrates out of East Africa is the strategy to mitigate potential losses. Although several alien genes will provide resistance to this race, the long-term strategy should focus on rebuilding the 'Sr2-complex' (combination of slow rusting gene Sr2 with other unknown additive genes of similar nature) to achieve long-term durability. A Global Rust Initiative has been launched to monitor the further migration of this race, facilitate field testing in Kenya or Ethiopia of wheat cultivars and germplasm developed by wheat breeding programmes worldwide, understand the genetic basis of resistanceespecially the durable type, carry out targeted breeding to incorporate diverse resistance genes into key cultivars and germplasm, and enhance the capacity of national programmes. A few wheat genotypes that combine stem rust resistance with high yield potential and other necessary traits have been identified but need rigorous field testing to determine their adaptation in target areas.


The popularity of tattooing has increased substantially in recent years, particularly among adolescents and young adults. Moreover, tattooed images are permanent unless the individual opts for expensive, time consuming, and painful removal procedures. Given the increasing popularity of tattooing, and the permanent nature of this action, it is of interest to know whether tattooed workers are more or less likely to be employed and, conditional on employment, if they receive wages that are different from the wages of their non-tattooed peers. To investigate these questions, we analyze two large data sets—from the United States and Australia—with measures of tattoo status, employment, earnings, and other pertinent variables. Regardless of country, gender, specific measures, or estimation technique, the results consistently show that having a tattoo is negatively and significantly related to employment and earnings in bivariate analyses, but the estimates become smaller and nonsignificant after controlling for human capital, occupation, behavioral choices, lifestyle factors, and other individual characteristics related to labor market outcomes. Various robustness checks confirm the stability of the core findings. These results suggest that, once differences in personal characteristics are taken into account, tattooed and non-tattooed workers are treated similarly in the labor market. We offer suggestions for improving future surveys to enable a better understanding of the relationships between tattooed workers and their labor market outcomes.


Efficient collaboration between design and simulation departments is a key factor to efficient product development. There are numerous efforts to systematically "integrate" product development activities using CAD- and CAE-systems. This paper presents a team-based approach to render collaboration, i.e. communication and coordination, between the engineers involved in designing and simulating the product more efficient. It is part of an overall integration strategy to support collaboration between the departments in question in terms of the product architecture and the engineers involved as well as information objects, tools, and the process.The team structures proposed combine the different ways of organization prevailing in design and simulation. Based on a product architecture regarding both functional and geometry-oriented perspectives onto the product, virtual teams attributed to parts of this component-function-structure serve as a basis to enhance communication. This is intended to offer a means of orientation to coordinate common efforts between engineers involved. The paper lines out a method to compose teams that merge the necessary competences and responsibilities involved to foster communication across different engineers involved in a set of functions and components.


This article suggests that many forces, including various branches of the federal government, in confusing and often conflicting ways, have constructed and influenced the Hispanic identity and educational status. Moreover, this unique identity of Hispanics is important because of their common cultural experience in the United States-an experience that is both distinct from and common to that of African Americans. School desegregation, however, has collapsed the Hispanic narrative, rendering it homeless in a "Black-White" binary that was the legacy of Brown, and, then, rendering it invisible in a "White-Non-White" binary that was the legacy of Keyes v. School District No. 1 (Denver, Colorado), which held that Hispanics "constitute an identifiable class for purposes of the 14th Amendment." Recognizing Hispanics as a distinct group would threaten the privilege connected to those binaries. Nevertheless, Hispanics are a significant percentage of our nation's population and are becoming a greater percentage every day. Allowing for the greater educational segregation of Hispanics is inconsistent with the spirit, if not the letter, of Brown. INTRODUCTION Few issues in American education have drawn more intense attention and controversy than school segregation. More than a century after the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Plessy v. Ferguson made racial segregation the law of the land, and 50 years after the Court overturned that decision in Brown v. Board of Education, segregation still exists in U.S. schools. Furthermore, contemporary trends point to a return to widespread segregated schooling. This article provides an overview of U.S. national trends in school segregation and summarizes the results of this author's research on the impact of Brown on multicultural education. The 2000 Census tells us that Hispanics have become the largest minority group in the United States (U.S. Department of Education, 2002). Unfortunately, Hispanic school enrollment exploded during the post-civil rights era, and very little has been done to provide desegregated education for Hispanic students. They have been more segregated than Blacks for a number of years, not only by race and ethnicity but also by poverty (Orfield, 2002). There is also serious segregation developing by language. Most Hispanics are concentrated in high poverty, low-achieving schools and face by far the highest dropout rate. Also, since many are concentrated in the large states where affirmative action for college is now illegal and with high stakes high school graduation tests (California, Texas, and Florida), the concentration of these students in schools with a poor record of graduating students and sending them onto college raises important national issues. The Hispanic population changed and became more diversified throughout the 20th century. Between 1900 and 1980, the composition, social-class status, and ideological orientation of the Hispanic population underwent dramatic transformation. It became more heterogeneous and included multiple groups with a range of views and experiences with education. Between 1848 and 1940, Mexican-descent individuals were the predominant and, in some areas, the only group of Hispanics in the United States. Most of these individuals were concentrated in the Southwest. During the 1920s, Mexican-descent individuals began to migrate to other parts of the United States, especially the Midwest. During the 1940s, the United States experienced a tremendous influx of Hispanics from Puerto Rico. Beginning in 1959, the United States again experienced another tremendous influx of Hispanics. This time they were from Cuba. Beginning in the mid-1960s and later spurred by political conflict and economic instability in their homelands during the 1970s, there was a tremendous influx of immigrants from Central and South American countries, such as Guatemala, Nicaragua, and Peru. Despite the tremendous influx of Hispanics immigrants from Central and South America in the past three decades, Mexicans, both citizen and non-citizen, continued to be the largest and oldest residing group of Hispanics in the United States. …


Fifty six strains of Micrococcus sp. were isolated from the water samples from Barada River in Damascus. Ten isolates of Micrococcus sp. species were taken for the present study for investigate biodegradation ability of vegetable oil wastes under the influence of this genus. The vegetable oil wastes dependent growths of these isolates were assessed for 15 days by monitoring the gradient fluxes in pH, optical density OD and total viable count TVC in the medium. Results showed an increase in OD and TVC as well as fluctuations in pH values. The relationship between these values was studied and determined if the relationships were statistically significant, and values were compared with the results in the positive control to the same strain. Biodegradation activity of different Micrococcus sp. species was tested in vegetable oil wastes which showed a good activity with 1% concentration of vegetable oil wastes, but decreased in 2% and 3% concentration. The genus Micrococcus sp. showed a good ability to grow in different concentrations of vegetable oil wastes, that refers to the ability of the genus to use vegetable oil wastes as the only carbon source.


At nowadays, the operational control of energy performance indicators based on the equivalent occupation method plays a fundamental role in the rational use of energy for the hotel sector, since it allows in a competitive way to comply with the quality of the service offered by the company in terms of the thermal comfort of the occupants, minimizing the environmental impact. Within the framework of the energy diagnosis and implementation of the program of efficient energy management under ISO 50001: 2011, based on the method of equivalent occupation for a hotel company on the Colombian Caribbean coast, the line base, target line by 2015, determining performance control indicators such as accumulative trend and base efficiency index 100, to identify potential savings. From the diagnosis, 9.11% of energy savings were obtained by operational control. Through the implementation of corrective action plans, such as the shutdown of unnecessary equipment in the company, installation of LED lighting modules, the configuration of thermostats, in addition to training and sensitization to staff, and reactive energy control in the hotel effective savings were achieved around 8% of primary energy consumption by 2016.


This article features a set of indicators designed to measure international economic integration and globalization. We analyze the degree of openness and the respective networks of connections---both direct and indirect---for each economy in our sample. Our indicators are based on network analysis techniques and the exchange of flows among world economies. Starting from four basic axioms of international economic integration, we define the Standard of Perfect International Integration, along with the set of indicators for degree of openness and connectedness, both for each specific economy and for the world economy as a whole. We apply our indicators to data on trade flows for 59 countries---accounting for 96.7% of world output---for the 1967--2004 period. According to our results, international economic integration is higher than what traditional degree of openness indicators suggest. The advance of globalization is unequal among countries because of the differing trends in their degree of openness and the differences in the intensity with which economies are connected to each other. Several economies now appear to be internationally integrated; however, the relatively low degree of openness in some of the largest economies jeopardizes the progress of globalization. We also perform some simulations which suggest that, should technological progress lead to an increase in indirect connections, the move towards greater international economic integration would accelerate.


Widely regarded as a turning point in American independent cinema, Steven Soderbergh's sex, lies, and videotape (1989) launched the career of its twenty-six-year-old director, whose debut film was nominated for an Academy Award and went on to win the Cannes Film Festival's top award, the Palme d'Or. The Philosophy of Steven Soderbergh breaks new ground by investigating salient philosophical themes through the unique story lines and innovative approaches to filmmaking that distinguish this celebrated artist. Editors R. Barton Palmer and Steven M. Sanders have brought together leading scholars in philosophy and film studies for the first systematic analysis of Soderbergh's entire body of work, offering the first in-depth exploration of the philosophical ideas that form the basis of the work of one of the most commercially successful and consistently inventive filmmakers of our time.


Prenatal cocaine (CC) exposure may result in increased fetal loss, growth retardation, altered neurodevelopment, and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). We sought to establish an animal model for prenatal cocaine exposure which (1) would allow us to distinguish the direct effects from the indirect and nutritional effects of the drug, and (2) might be used to address questions of cocaine's toxicity, specifically to the developing respiratory control system. The study design included 38 New Zealand White rabbit does among CC, pair-fed (PF), and free-fed (FF) groups. Miniosmotic pumps were implanted in each doe on day 10 of timed gestation providing continuous subcutaneous administration of either 30 mg/kg/day of cocaine HCl in H2O (CC) or sterile H2O alone (PF and FF). Mean (SEM) plasma cocaine concentration was 1.71 +/- 0.21 mumol/l (519.4 +/- 64.4 ng/ml). Pregnancy outcome compared for incidence of stillbirth, maternal death, spontaneous abortion, and gross malformation among 211 pups was significant only for increased stillbirths among CC pups (18%, p less than 0.04) as compared to PF (6%) and FF pups (7%). External and renal malformation and postnatal weight, crown-rump length, and snout-occiput head circumference for pups aged 4 and 5 days of age did not differ among groups. The direct effects of prenatal cocaine evaluated in our model do not reproduce the altered perinatal outcome observed among humans. However, our results do not determine if physiologic function has been altered. Investigation of the physiologic and pathologic abnormalities that are relevant to this human condition, specifically to the developing respiratory control system, should add clarity to the mechanism of action of cocaine during pregnancy.


The debate conducted in this journal and elsewhere on the effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is characterized by incredulity, fervent belief and emotion. Theorists and clinical pragmatists, not to mention the "discovers" of EMDR, have often taken up oppositional stances that impede rationale debate. Whilst some may be offended by the overt commercialism and messianic fervour of the EMDR lobby, the best response is to engage in dialogue, collaboration and scientific experiment. These experiments should combine the best randomized clinical trial methods with experimental deconstruction of the complex mix that now comprises EMDR. Those who have developed EMDR should cease the commercial and empirical protectionism that has characterized the EMDR movement and open their methods to such investigation by the healthily sceptical.


: Polymer glasses have an irregular structure. Among the causes for such complexity are the chemically distinct chain end ‐ groups that are the most abundant irregularities in any linear polymer. In this work we demonstrate that chain end induced defects allow polymer glasses to create confined environments capable of hosting small emissive molecules. Using environmentally sensitive luminescent complexes we show that the size of these confinements depends on molecular weight and can dramatically affect the photoluminescence of free or covalently bound emissive complexes. We confirm the impact of chain end confinement on the bulk glass transition in poly(methyl acrylate) and show that commonly observed T g changes induced by the chain ends should have a structural origin. Finally, we demonstrate that size and placement of luminescent molecular probes in pMA can dramatically affect the probe luminescence and its temperature dependence suggesting that polymer glass is a highly irregular and complex environment marking its difference with conventional small molecule solvents. Considering the ubiquity of luminescent glassy materials, our work lays down a blueprint for designing them with structural considerations in mind, ones where packing density and chain end size are key factors.


Background: MiRNAs have been reported to induce certain drug resistance in multiple solid tumors via various mechanisms. Our study aimed to investigate whether miRNA-1269b was involved in the chemoresistance and the progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: MTT and colony formation assay were conducted to determine cell proliferation and cell apoptosis was analyzed by fl ow cytometry with annexin V/PI. Luciferase reporter assay was performed to validate miRNA-targeting sequences. The function of miR-1269b in cisplatin-resistant was evaluated in vivo in a mouse tumor model. Results: We found that miR-1269b expression was up-regulated in cisplatin-resistant NSCLC specimens and NSCLC cell lines, which resulted in the promotion of chemoresistance and tumorigenicity. miR-1269b overexpression enhanced drug resistance and promoted cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo, with reduced apoptosis rate of A549 cells inin vitro cell culture. Mechanistically, we identi fi ed PTEN as the direct target of miR-1269b, and the PTEN level was negatively correlated with miR-1269b in NSCLC specimens. Further study demonstrated that miR-1269b targeted PTEN to modulate PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Conclusion: In conclusion, these fi ndings suggest that the miR-1269b/PTEN/PI3K/AKT-mediated network might promote cisplatin resistance in NSCLC, and that miR-1269b can be a potential therapeutic target for chemoresistance in NSCLC patients.


Symmetric tetradentate (L1) and asymmetric pentadentate (L2) macrocyclic ligands that possess 2 dissimilar coordination sites were prepared. One has a 4-coordinate (N4) and the other has a 5-coordinate (N2O3S) donor set. Trivalent Cr(III) complexes were synthesized with L1 and L2 and their structures were investigated using elemental analyses and magnetic moment, electronic, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and EPR spectra. All the Cr(III) complexes show magnetic moments corresponding to a high-spin configuration. D values indicate the energy difference between the principle bands, which are formed due to ligand field absorption. The spin-orbit coupling parameter, z, gives no significance because the splitting of doublet transition lines is too large to be explained by spin-orbit coupling. l values indicate that the complexes under study have a substantial covalent character. g-values were also calculated using the spin-orbital coupling constant, l.


Coronavirus disease or COVID-19, the disease that toppled the normalcy of the world and made its appearance back in January 2020, has created a huge impact in all aspects of life. Implementing quarantines are often the initial step in containing the rapid spread of the disease in a society. In this work, we look into how the structure of the road network comes into play in the spread of the disease such as COVID-19 in a city like Cauayan, Isabela by utilizing concepts from complex networks. We show that randomly or blindly implementing quarantines, to a certain extent, can fuel the spread of infection, leading to a performance worse than without its implementation.


The dynamic expression of voltage-gated potassium channels (Kvs) at the cell surface is a fundamental factor controlling membrane excitability. In exploring possible mechanisms controlling Kv surface expression, we identified a region in the extracellular linker between the first and second of the six (S1-S6) transmembrane-spanning domains of the Kv1.4 channel, which we hypothesized to be critical for its biogenesis. Using immunofluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, patch clamp electrophysiology, and mutagenesis, we identified a single threonine residue at position 330 within the Kv1.4 S1-S2 linker that is absolutely required for cell surface expression. Mutation of Thr-330 to an alanine, aspartate, or lysine prevented surface expression. However, surface expression occurred upon co-expression of mutant and wild type Kv1.4 subunits or mutation of Thr-330 to a serine. Mutation of the corresponding residue (Thr-211) in Kv3.1 to alanine also caused intracellular retention, suggesting that the conserved threonine plays a generalized role in surface expression. In support of this idea, sequence comparisons showed conservation of the critical threonine in all Kv families and in organisms across the evolutionary spectrum. Based upon the Kv1.2 crystal structure, further mutagenesis, and the partial restoration of surface expression in an electrostatic T330K bridging mutant, we suggest that Thr-330 hydrogen bonds to equally conserved outer pore residues, which may include a glutamate at position 502 that is also critical for surface expression. We propose that Thr-330 serves to interlock the voltage-sensing and gating domains of adjacent monomers, thereby yielding a structure competent for the surface expression of functional tetramers.


International human rights law's claim to universality, at the level of normative formation, has been shaped by conceptions of the self over time. The metaphysical reconfigurations of the self, from the Enlightenment to the present, have marked the human rights narrative in particular ways. This essay will suggest that since World War II, a conception of the self within a narrative of rights has been replaced, or at least countermanded, by a conception of sacral evil, with profound implications for the normative claim to universality of the human rights discourse. The essay begins with a synoptic analysis of the rise of the claim to universality within the international human rights narrative, followed by the critique of universalism from the perspective of cultural relativism. The essay will then briefly outline the complex and interesting history of the rise and fall of the self within the Western metaphysical tradition, in order to situate the self in relation to the human rights discourse. At the end of that history lies the Holocaust, which begins a new story and a new ethical framework for international human rights. I will present two stories, one from the period immediately following the Holocaust, and the other from the conflict in Bosnia-Herzegovina, in order to suggest the consequences for the new ethics as an international human rights praxis. I conclude with a call for the return to critical analysis, or a critique of the juridical-rational self, abandoned by a resurgent sacrality of evil at the level of normative formation within the modern international human rights movement.


This article explores the result of preliminary study conducted in two years (2006-2007) for designing participatory communication approach for small farmers' empowerment. For that purpose basic data and information, such as; (a) level of knowledge, attitude and practices, (b) communication behavior and mass media accessibility, (c) focal problem and another potential resources have been collected. Data and information were gathered by survey method and participation action research. Meanwhile, participatory communication approach was designed by participatory communication strategy design (PCSD). Study indicated that good knowledge was not always followed by positive attitude toward daily management practices. From this point and based on validating focal problem, the existing of small famers group, and farmer's communication behavior, participatory communication approach was developed. Small group communication forum supplemented with little printed media (leafl et) are still suited for increasing farmers' knowledge, especially for unrecognized ones. The printed media should be the combination between pictures with simple texts (not more than four lines). Rationale (cause-effect model) for message treatment with informational, argumentation, and motivational message's format is suggested.


The design and analysis of a novel wideband, monolithic, bandpass, 71-network, voltage controlled attenuator (VCA) is presented. A 24 to 32 GHz VCA was developed using 0.15/spl mu/m GaAs pHEMT technology. This is the first reported VCA to use a bandpass filter topology to achieve the required operating frequency band and eliminate the effects of parasitic capacitances of the pHEMTs. The bandpass filter absorbs the parasitic capacitances and thereby eliminates their detrimental effects. The measured attenuation dynamic range is 12dB /spl plusmn/ 0.5dB with minimum insertion loss of 2-3dB. The input power handling capability is up to 0dBm. The VCA is well matched and may be placed in a 50/spl Omega/ system (Halabi, 2004).


UDP-glucose dehydrogenase was purified from an extract of calf liver acetone powder by sequential chromatography on norleucine-agarose, Type 2, agarose-hexane-AMP, and UDP-hexanolamine-Sepharose. The overall yield of the highly purified enzyme was 80% and the subunit molecular weight was 52,000.


Modern cells embody metabolic networks containing thousands of elements and form autocatalytic sets of molecules that produce copies of themselves. How the first self-sustaining metabolic networks arose at life's origin is a major open question. Autocatalytic sets smaller than metabolic networks were proposed as transitory intermediates at the origin of life, but evidence for their role in prebiotic evolution is lacking. Here, we identify reflexively autocatalytic food-generated networks (RAFs)—self-sustaining networks that collectively catalyse all their reactions—embedded within microbial metabolism. RAFs in the metabolism of ancient anaerobic autotrophs that live from H2 and CO2 provided with small-molecule catalysts generate acetyl-CoA as well as amino acids and bases, the monomeric components of protein and RNA, but amino acids and bases without organic catalysts do not generate metabolic RAFs. This suggests that RAFs identify attributes of biochemical origins conserved in metabolic networks. RAFs are consistent with an autotrophic origin of metabolism and furthermore indicate that autocatalytic chemical networks preceded proteins and RNA in evolution. RAFs uncover intermediate stages in the emergence of metabolic networks, narrowing the gaps between early Earth chemistry and life.


Software testing plays a very important role in the development process because it is an essential mean of providing reliability and quality to any software. Designing and execution of test cases consumes lot of time since it requires planning and resources manually. To overcome this it is highly required to automate the generation of test cases. UML, is a standard modeling language which supports object oriented technology. It is generally used to depict the analysis and design specification of software development. UML models are an essential and a rich source of information for test case design. In this thesis, we present a testing methodology which is used to generate the unit test cases from UML state chart diagram for an industrial application. Firstly, we discussed about the CIM, an industrial application which is used for transforming an Idea through a collaborative interaction into such a state so that the idea becomes patentable. This application provides a platform to the people in industry to encourage and enhance their invention skills for an enterprise. Next we proposed a testing approach to generate unit test cases for the phases of CIM application using UML state chart diagram. UML model provides a lot of information which can be used for testing. In our approach, firstly the state chart diagram is constructed for CIM application. Then the adjacency matrix is generated and subsequently transform the state chart diagram into a UML state chart graph. Then we traverse the graph using adjacency matrix by using DFS. Therefore test sequences are generated. Then we apply the node coverage minimization technique to generate the test cases so that maximum coverage is achieved.


Basalt filament yarn is a new type of high-performance fibers, which is formed by the direct drawing of basalt rock at high temperatures. It is a natural and environmentally friendly textile material. This paper mainly focuses on thermal resistance research of basalt filament yarn that is heated at various temperatures. The change of color and appearance of heated basalt filament yarn was described. The mechanical properties of heated basalt filament yarn were tested. The results showed that although the mechanical properties of basalt filament yarn decreased with the temperature rising, still remained high tensile strength within a certain temperature range. Basalt filament yarn possess higher tenacity under 325°C. Basalt filament yarns still possess certain tenacity when they were placed at 500°C condition. So basalt filament yarn can be used as heat-resistant materials, such as filtration materials for high-temperature gas and liquid, fire-proof fabrics and so on.


PURPOSE
Lipid contamination of the cornea may create an unwettable surface and result in desiccation of the corneal epithelium. Tear lipocalin (TL), also known as lipocalin-1, is the principal lipid-binding protein in tears. TL has been shown to scavenge lipids from hydrophobic surfaces. The hypothesis that TL can remove contaminating fatty acids and phospholipids from the human corneal surface was tested.

METHODS
TL was purified from pooled human tear samples by size exclusion and ion exchange chromatographies. Tears depleted of TL were reconstituted from fractions eluted by size exclusion chromatography that did not contain TL. Fresh and formalin-fixed human corneas were obtained from exenteration specimens. Fluorescent analogs of either palmitic acid or phosphatidylcholine were applied to the corneal epithelial surface. Tears, TL, or tears depleted of TL were applied over the corneas, and spectrofluorometry and fluorescent stereomicroscopy were used to monitor the removal of fluorescent lipids. Tears used in the experiments were then fractionated by size exclusion chromatography to determine the component of tears associated with fluorescent lipids.

RESULTS
Significant enhancement of fluorescence for 16AP and NBD C(6)-HPC was evident in solutions incubated with whole tears and purified TL but not with tears depleted of TL for fixed and unfixed corneas. After the experiment, size exclusion fractions of tears showed that the fluorescence component coeluted with TL.

CONCLUSIONS
TL scavenges lipids from the human corneal surface and delivers them into the aqueous phase of tears. TL may have an important role in removing lipids from the corneal surface to maintain the wettability and integrity of the ocular surface.


We present results from the first vector beam pattern measurement of microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKIDs). Vector beam patterns require sampling of the E-field of the receiver in both amplitude and phase. MKIDs are inherently direct detectors and have no phase response to incoming radiation. We map the amplitude and phase patterns of the detector beam profile by adapting a two-source heterodyne technique. Our testing strategy recovers the phase information by creating a reference signal to trigger data acquisition. The reference is generated by mixing the slightly offset low-frequency signals from the output of the two synthesizers used to drive the submillimeter sources. The key requirement is that the time-series record always begins at the same set phase of the reference signal. As the source probe is scanned within the receiver beam, the wavefront propagation phase of the receiver changes and causes a phase offset between the detector output and reference signals. We demonstrated this technique on the central pixel of a test array operating at 350 GHz. This methodology will enable vector beam pattern measurements to be performed on direct detectors, which have distinct advantages reducing systematic sources of error, allowing beam propagation, and removing the far-field measurement requirement such that complicated optical systems can be measured at a point that is easily accessible, including the near field.


Many people in MENA region perceive formal politics as illegitimate, corrupt and authoritarian. Thus, when searching for agents of change and reform, one has to look beyond the formal politics. In this vein, in the region there has been an increasing interest in civil society. Generally, academic interest as well as institutional interest tends to focus on secular organizations and overlooks religiously-based ones. Given the fact that, particularly in Muslim states of the region, Islamic civil society organizations make up a large part of civil society. Many Muslim social welfare organizations in the region engaged in activities such as education, health care and financial assistance to the poor. For example, in the cases of Egypt, Jordan and Turkey new variety of Muslim organizations has emerged to engage in voluntary social welfare activities, but in other ways than traditional welfare organizations. Besides providing traditional charitable services, they offer health and environment awareness campaigns and vocational training programs. In short, they assign Islam an important role without applying the language of political Islam. Instead, they view Islam as instrumental in helping the individual to become an active and useful citizen. In this regard, this article seeks answers to the question of whether these organisations can be considered potential agents of change or rather as preservers of the status quo. Do they employ Islam as a means of control or empowerment


Two DNA-cross-linking reagents, bis-chloroethylnitrosourea and 8-methoxypsoralen, are used to covalently cross-link interstrand base pairs in DNA bonds that, in part, define colloidal crystals engineered with DNA. The irreversible linkages formed increase the chemical and thermal stability of the crystals and do not significantly affect their long-range order, as evidenced by small-angle X-ray scattering data. The post-modified crystals are stable in environments that the pre-modified structures are not, including solvents that encompass a broad range of polarities from ethanol to hexanes, and in aqueous media at pH 0 and 14. Interestingly, the cross-linked DNA bonds within these crystals still retain their flexibility, which is reflected by a solvent-dependent reversible change in lattice parameter. Since these organic cross-linking reagents, in comparison with inorganic approaches (use of silver ions or SiO2), have marginal effects on the composition and properties of the crystals, they provide an attractive alternative for stabilizing colloidal crystals engineered with DNA and make them potentially useful in a broader range of media.


On January 20, 2015, the United States Supreme Court ruled that the Arkansas Department of Correction's grooming policy restricting a Muslim inmate from growing a half-inch beard violated the Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act (RLUIPA). The majority decision in Holt v. Hobbs, delivered by Justice Alito, held that the prison's restriction substantially burdened Abdul Maalik Muhammad's right to practice his faith – Islam. For Muslim men like Abdul Maalik Muhammad, donning a beard demonstrates piety, and emulation of Islam's final and foremost messenger, Mohammed.Holt came before the Supreme Court during a moment of rising scholarly interest in the Muslim prison population. The War on Terror has converted American prisons into battlegrounds, pitting prison officials against "radical Islam." In addition to fear of prisoner radicalization, the Nation of Islam (NOI), an African-American Muslim movement conceived in Detroit in 1930, is still strongly represented in American prisons. Scholars have not only paid little attention to the experience of NOI Muslim inmates, but also, segregated this narrative from the modern legal discourse about Muslim inmates have in the War on Terror era. The decision in Holt provides the ideal juncture to integrate the modern experience of Muslim prisoners with the pioneering strides brought forth by NOI Muslim inmates. This Article highlights the legal challenges and strategies used by incarcerated followers of the NOI and the victories earned: first, gaining judicial recognition of Islam as a religion prison authorities must accommodate; second, establishing that prisoners had standing to sue in federal court under the Civil Rights Act of 1871; and third, netting a range of fundamental religious accommodations that were not peculiar to the NOI, but amenable to Muslims across sectarian lines. Through an analysis of this litigation, this Article also examines the judicial construction of the NOI's legal identity, impacted heavily by popular representations and misrepresentations of the movement that spiked in the late 1950's – decades before the recent Holt decision.


The purpose of this paper is to look at the adoption of performance measurement in public sectors in Malaysia by specifically examining the extent to which performance measurement is designed, implemented, and used. A survey was conducted to senior civil servants of federal government agencies in Putrajaya, Malaysia. This study found that the public sectors in Malaysia have been to a moderate extent designing their performance measurement system to align to the organizational strategy. This study shows a fairly extensive use of inputs, activities as well as a moderate use of efficiency and quality measures as compared to outcome measures. The results suggest that the Malaysian public sector performance measurement system is seemingly lacking in terms of balanced driver-outcome indicators. Indicators for sustainability, innovation, environmental and social responsibility are also not used extensively. The relatively small sample size causes a limitation to this study which might provide a potential source of bias to generalizability. Besides, the evidence from this study is only descriptive, thus it ignores other variables that can be associated with the performance measurement in use. One important implication of this study is to encourage the Malaysian Government to increase efforts in adopting outcome-based performance monitoring and evaluation method on the governments' projects and programs. Findings from this study provide insights into the design of performance measurement system and would have drawn attention to its implementation and usage in the public sector.


The Beatty scarp is a prominent topographic scarp located immediately south of the town of Beatty, Nevada. Early workers interpreted the feature to be a Quaternary fault scarp, but recent studies indicate that the feature is a fluvial scarp marking the former channel margin of the Amargosa River. Detailed topographic scarp profiles indicate that the Beatty scarp is nearly 30 m in height and has maximum scarp-slope angles of 35°. Because the age of the scarp is constrained at about 9000 to 13,000 yr, the Beatty scarp provides an important reference datum for scarp degradation studies and morphologic analyses in southern Nevada.


Contamination can change the physical properties of soil, reduce the strength of cemented soil foundation, and then induce the instability or disruption of buildings. This study explored the relationships among the age, electrical resistivity, unconfined compression strength, contamination of municipal sewage concentration. Firstly, we mixed the silty clay with municipal sewage of five different concentrations to form the contaminated soil. Then, mixed the contaminated soil with ordinary portland cement to form the cemented soil blocks. Finally, measured the unconfined compression strength and electrical resistivity of these blocks. The results show that the unconfined compression strength and electrical resistivity increase linearly with the increase of the logarithm of age, and decrease exponentially with the increase of municipal sewage concentration. The unconfined compression strength of cemented soil has a linear relationship with its resistivity. The municipal sewage concentration and age can be use to predict the unconfined compression strength of cemented soil.The predicted values correlate well with the experimental values.


In order to improve the surface properties of the aluminum alloy, an amorphous composite coating was prepared on the surface of the aluminum alloy substrate by electrothermal explosion spraying with fully amorphous Fe-Si-B ribbons. The microstructure, phase structure and micro-hardness of the coating were characterized by SEM, XRD and Vickers hardness tester. The results show that the composite coating is composed of amorphous phase and nanocrystal phase. The coating has dense structure and low porosity. It has not been seen rough laminar microstructure that is frequently obtained by other thermal spray techniques. The amorphous composite coatings with different thickness present higher hardness and show good mechanical properties.


Conflict is an inevitable normal part of life that occurs when the things individuals care about appear incompatible. It may arise from a misunderstanding between co-workers or poor communication within a department. No matter the cause, you can deal effectively with I conflict in the workplace. Nonetheless, the outcome of poorly managed conflict can take an enormous economic and emotional toll upon an organization and its members. The main objective of the study is to identify the differenttypes, causes and outcomes of workplace conflict in Wonji Sugar Factory. The study employs explanatory research design to investigate the outcomes of workplace conflict on organizational performanceThe primary data was collected using close ended questionnaire. The secondary data was collected using books, articles, journals and other published materials. This study involves 307 sample respondents. The questionnaires were distributed to the sample respondents of Wonji Sugar Factory, which are selected using stratified systematic sampling. The Data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tools such as factor analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. The results obtained from the analysis shows that Interpersonal and Intergroup conflict are the major types of conflict in the organization.It also reveals that personal factor, communication factor and structural factor as the three major sources of I conflict. From the three factors, personal factor is found to be the major source of conflict. With regard to outcomes of conflict, it shows that conflict has an impact on the employees' physical and mental well-being as well as on their social relationships. Finally, the researcher recommends that to minimize conflicts caused by these different factors, it will be better if the organization improves its activities regarding employees' relation with colleagues and managementas well as improve the communication system and overall reward system.


Author(s): Coffman, Stephanie Renee | Advisor(s): Ding, Shou-wei | Abstract: Antiviral RNAi is a conserved antiviral pathway in plants and invertebrates that mediates clearance of viral RNA. Antiviral RNAi has been extensively studied in plants and insects, but Caenorhabditis elegans has only recently emerged as a model to study antiviral immunity. C. elegans is an ideal model to study antiviral RNAi, because it shares key commonalities with mammals, including a single Dicer and an expanded class of duplex RNA activated ATPases (DRAs). While several genetic screens have been done to identify the genes required for RNAi induced by exogenous long dsRNA, this unbiased forward genetic screen is the first with the ability to reveal gene required uniquely for antiviral RNAi or novel antiviral pathways. This dissertation develops an EMS screen based on a viral replicon that is defective in RNAi suppression. Viral replication is rescued in animals defective in RNAi and visualized by GFP. Thirteen worm mutants were identified that are defective in antiviral RNAi and four novel alleles of drh-1, a DRA homologous to the mammalian gene RIG-I, were revealed. Both RIG-I and DRH-1 function in antiviral immunity through the activation of type-I interferon signaling in mammals and antiviral RNAi in C. elegans, respectively. This work investigates the function of DRH-1 in the production of virus-derived siRNAs (vsiRNAs). Deep sequencing of wild-type and drh-1 mutants challenged with Orsay Virus demonstrated that drh-1 mutants produced primary vsiRNAs that are dependent on DCR-1 and the dsRNA-binding protein RDE-4. However, these DRH-1 independent vsiRNAs are predominantly derived from the 5' terminal regions of both OrV RNA1 and RNA2 and were depleted from the internal regions of viral RNA. In contrast, wild-type and other mutant animals did not exhibit a bias for primary vsiRNA biogenesis from the 5' terminal regions. Mammalian RIG-I acts as an ATP-powered translocase, though the biological function of this activity is unknown. Therefore, DRH-1 may function to promote the production of primary vsiRNAs spreading from the 5' terminal regions to the internal and 3' regions of the viral RNA using translocase activity.


Observational records are more often than not influenced by residual non‐climatic factors which must be detected and adjusted for prior to their usage. In this work, we present a novel approach, named Radiosounding HARMonization (RHARM), providing a homogenized data set of temperature, humidity and wind profiles along with an estimation of the measurement uncertainties for 697 radiosounding stations globally. The RHARM method has been used to adjust twice daily (0000 and 1200 UTC) radiosonde data holdings at 16 pressure levels in the range 1,000–10 hPa, from 1978 to present, provided by the Integrated Global Radiosonde Archive. Relative humidity (RH) data are limited to 250 hPa. The applied adjustments are interpolated to all reported levels. RHARM is the first data set to provide homogenized time series with an estimation of the observational uncertainty at each sounding pressure level. By construction, RHARM adjusted fields are not affected by cross‐contamination of biases across stations and are fully independent of reanalysis data. Analysis of trends for temperature, RH and winds highlights increased geographical coherency of trends over 1978–2000 globally, but especially in the Northern Hemisphere and South America. RHARM shows warming trends of 0.39 K/decade at 300 hPa in the Northern Hemisphere and of 0.25 K/decade in the tropics. The RHARM adjustments also reduce differences with the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecast ERA5 reanalysis, with the strongest effect in the Northern Hemisphere for temperature and relative humidity. For wind speed, the comparison indicates a good agreement with ERA5 in the troposphere.


2009 News Literacyeracy Conference Photos, set 12 (Thurs index Group Shots) 640 x 4801/15 sec / 4.042.5 mm ISO 800 Canon PowerShot SX110 IS


Aims: The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer radiotherapy services is largely unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of the resultant contingency plans on radiotherapy cancer services in Scotland. Materials and methods: Detailed data of radiotherapy activity at our centre were collected from 1 April 2019 to 31 March 2021. Differences in mean weekly radiotherapy courses, dose and fractionation patterns and treatment intent were compared with corresponding pre-pandemic months for all treatment sites. Qualitative data were collected for a subgroup of radical radiotherapy patients. Results: Total radiotherapy courses decreased from 6968 to 6240 ( – 10%) compared with the previous year, prior to the pandemic. Average weekly radiotherapy courses delivered were 134 (standard deviation ±13), decreasing by 10% to 120 ([AQ1]standard deviation 15) ( Welch's t -test, P < 0.001). The greatest decrease in new start treatment courses was observed from May to August 2020 ( – 7.7%, – 24.0%, – 16.7% and – 18.7%) compared with the


Since light-paths are the basic connections in wavelength routed networks, their effective establishment is very important. Routing and Wavelength Assignment (RWA) techniques can be divided into two categories. The first category (pure RWA) concentrates on setting up light-paths under the assumption of an ideal physical layer. However, this assumption could be suitable for opaque networks, where a signal is regenerated at each optical switch along its path. On the other hand, as an optical signal propagates along a light-path to its destination in a transparent (all-optical) network, the signal's quality degrades because there is no signal regeneration, thus increasing Bit-Error-Rate (BER) of the signal. However, users would not accept a light-path with a high BER. Even it is not acceptable if the establishment of a light-path causes the BER of other existing light-paths to become unacceptably high. Therefore, considering physical layer impairments, the quality of a light-path must be checked during the light-path setup in the second category. In this article, the operations of dynamic RWA techniques proposed in transparent networks for the second category are reviewed in detail. These techniques are called Quality of Transmission Aware (QoT-aware) RWA and are grouped in two groups: integrated QoT and RWA, and QoT after Pure RWA. Each group can be further divided into direct modelling and indirect modelling sub-groups. A comprehensive discussion is also provided to compare dynamic QoT-aware RWA techniques based on different network and physical layer parameters.


The failure behavior of a continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composite (CFCC) is studied by the example of a unidirectionally reinforced SiC/SiCf composite. A multi-scale modeling framework is developed for evaluating damage at the micro-level. An actual fiber/matrix topology, based on a microstructure image, is used at the micro-level. A finite element mesh of the microstructure is generated using an object oriented finite element analysis tool. An extended finite element method, integrated with cohesive damage modeling, is used to study crack propagation in the microstructure. Finite element model validation using a benchmark study is discussed. The effect of matrix strength and matrix toughness on the stress-displacement behavior in the micromechanical model is studied. Cohesive parameters, cohesive strength, and fracture energy, of the micromechanical model are estimated from the constituent properties.


Proportions of myofiber types, radial growth (diameter) of myofibers and apparent myofiber number were measured at the midsection of the sartorius muscle of broiler- and layer-type chickens. Broiler birds grew mor rapidly than layer birds so that in comparisons at equal age, broilers had heavier body and muscle weights, larger diameter type I and II myofibers and greater apparent myofiber number. The proportion of type II red myofibers decreased and that of type II white myofibers increased during growth. These changes occurred at a younger age in broiler-type birds. At equal body weights, however, broiler- and layer-type birds had similar proportions of the various myofiber types, which indicates that development of myofiber types is affected by functional demands on skeletal muscle related to increasing body weight. At equal body weights, broilers had larger diameter type II myofibers than layers and had a more rapid rate of type II myofiber radial hypertrophy during growth. In contrast, layer-type birds had larger type I myofibers than did broilers and the rate of radial growth was similar between breeds. Apparent myofiber number per unit of body weight increased during growth at a similar rate in the two types of birds but broilers had greater numbers of myofibers. It was concluded that more rapid growth and greater muscularity of broiler-type birds are caused by more rapid myofiber hypertrophy and the presence of more myofibers. It is suggested that selection for growth and muscularity favors factors that promote selective radial hypertrophy of type II myofibers as seen in broiler-type chickens.


A comparison of six studies on the development of specific stimulation recognition in parental relationships reveals some common points. In all cases, the recognition of complex specific stimulations is obtained by practice (in contact with the environment) in dealing with a simple stimulation which does not seem to be learned. The configuration of the final complex specific stimulation is associated with the simple, initial stimulation, both of them belonging to the same sensory register. The efficiency of the new stimulation makes the first one obsolete. From these convergences we have constructed a working model to determine the profile of individual sensitivity in time: the simple, initial stimulation would complement a rigid sensitivity site, situated within a flexible, pliable sensitivity, which would be modeled by and rigidified at the contact of the complex stimulations associated with the efficient simple stimulation. In the initiation of a same behavior, a time relation is thus established between the basic, simple specific stimulation and the final complex stimulation. The new rigid sensitivity of the individual could eventually serve as a starting point for another sensitivity, corresponding to a still more complex stimulation.


Many learning problems in computer vision can be posed as structured prediction problems, where the input and output instances are structured objects such as trees, graphs or strings rather than, single labels {+1, -1} or scalars. Kernel methods such as Structured Support Vector Machines, Twin Gaussian Processes (TGP), Structured Gaussian Processes, and vector-valued Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces (RKHS), offer powerful ways to perform learning and inference over these domains. Positive definite kernel functions allow us to quantitatively capture similarity between a pair of instances over these arbitrary domains. A poor choice of the kernel function, which decides the RKHS feature space, often results in poor performance. Automatic kernel selection methods have been developed, but have focused only on kernels on the input domain (i.e.'one-way'). In this work, we propose a novel and efficient algorithm for learning kernel functions simultaneously, on both input and output domains. We introduce the idea of learning polynomial kernel transformations, and call this method Simultaneous Twin Kernel Learning (STKL). STKL can learn arbitrary, but continuous kernel functions, including 'one-way' kernel learning as a special case. We formulate this problem for learning covariances kernels of Twin Gaussian Processes. Our experimental evaluation using learned kernels on synthetic and several real-world datasets demonstrate consistent improvement in performance of TGP's.


This thesis applies multi-level statistical modelling methods, which have been developed and mainly used for analysis of educational and sociological data, to a new type of data analysis problem. There are many engineering problems that have a multi-level structure, which cannot be easily analysed by conventional methods. The particular problem investigated here is the statistical comparison of prosthetic valve hydrodynamic function data. Such data has, until now, been presented in a subjective way, with selection of valves for demonstration of the desired behaviour. Few attempts have been made at objective analysis of such data. The data presented here derive from experimental polyurethane valve designs. Of these, two design configurations have the same leaflet polyurethane material and different physical valve designs. The other design configurations use one of the physical engineering valve designs, but fabricate the leaflets out of one of four different polyurethane materials. Data were collected for seven different measures of hydrodynamic function, over a series of five different applied flow rates. The first section of the thesis examines random regression analysis of the data using summary measures to compare two designs. Data were transformed as required to approximate assumptions of normality and equal variance using a natural logarithmic transformation. It was possible to discriminate the two designs on the basis of several hydrodynamic function measures. However, the data were pooled from iterative testing into individual valve regressions (n = 6 for each design), so information about the test reproducibility was lost. The data from each individual valve regression parameter estimate was pooled to provide a mean value to represent each design. Thus information about valve-to-valve reproducibility was lost. Correlation of residuals from the same test run means that the assumption of independence that underlies ordinary regression analysis is not likely to be valid in this case. The first two designs had common regression slopes, but this is unlikely to be the case for all design configurations and would create problems with the random regression method. The data structure, therefore, has a hierarchical nature with test iterations nested within individual valves, and individual valves being members of specific design configuration groups. This data structure suggests that a multi-level modelling approach might provide useful insights, by permitting the simultaneous comparison of the regression lines, accounting for both "different intercepts" and "different slopes", as well as the data hierarchy. The ability of the multi-level modelling approach to use all the information available for a valve should give more power to detect differences between valve types. The multi-level approach is described with reference to various applications of the methodology. The method is then applied first to a single valve design, followed by comparison of the two designs used for the random regression approach initially investigated. The multi-level approach increased the power of discrimination compared with the random regression approach, so that more hydrodynamic function measures demonstrated significant differences between designs. The precision of estimation of the variances was improved in the two-design model compared with the single design model, probably as a result of the greater numbers of valves available for analysis. The analysis was then extended to include five different design configurations. The analysis was also modelled to include different slope parameters as well as different intercept parameters, with design included as a fixed parameter in the model. The outcome of the multi-level modelling is described for each hydrodynamic function measure investigated. The most important measures of valve performance (mean pressure gradient across the open valve, energy losses during forward flow and maximum effective valve orifice area) were capable of successful discrimination among all the valve designs. Variance estimates were also obtained that would enable an estimate of the acceptable degree of variation allowed for any valve within a design or for the repeatability associated with the hydrodynamic function testing itself.


Objectives:Although HAART has resulted in improved health outcomes for most HIV-infected individuals, liver failure has emerged as a major cause of morbidity and mortality in people co-infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV). In HBV mono-infected individuals, core deletion mutants are associated with more aggressive liver disease. As HIV accelerates HBV liver disease progression, we hypothesized that HIV-HBV co-infected individuals have increased frequency of core mutations including deletions. To test this hypothesis, we have analysed genome-length sequences of HBV DNA from patients both prior to and during antiviral therapy. Setting:Prospective HIV/HBV co-infected cohort study. Methods:Genomic length HBV DNA was amplified by PCR from the serum samples of ten HIV/HBV co-infected individuals and five HBV mono-infected individuals prior to the commencement of lamivudine therapy and again after nine to 74 months of treatment. The complete genomes were sequenced and in order to further analyse some mutations, their frequency was determined in additional HIV/HBV co-infected and HBV mono-infected individuals. Results:A novel –1G mutation was identified in the HBV precore and overlapping core genes that truncated the deduced precore/core proteins. The mutant genome was the dominant species in some HIV/HBV co-infected individuals and was more prevalent in HIV/HBV co-infected individuals than HBV mono-infected individuals. The mutation was also associated with high HBV DNA concentrations in HIV/HBV co-infected individuals. Additional mutations were identified in the core/precore and polymerase genes and regulatory regions. Conclusion:Mutations in the HBV core and precore genes may be contributing to disease pathogenesis in HIV/HBV co-infected individuals.


Why should lawyers read Frost? First of all, of course, it can bring great pleasure. As Robert Pinsky put it, poetry brings pleasures "both intellectual and bodily" and can provide "a satisfaction central to life." And this is particularly true of Frost, whose poems are both accessible and enjoyable. This does not mean that there are no challenges in his poems. Frost does make us work. Indeed, as I hope to explore in this Essay, the work he asks us to do is essential to what we can learn from his poems. But this work is itself engaging and invigorating — like the exhilarating challenge of rock climbing. Or, for those inclined to more grounded pleasures, it is akin perhaps to the satisfaction one can get from the hard, rewarding work of splitting wood, which Frost, through his narrator in "Two Tramps in Mud Time," describes this way: "You'd think I never had felt before The weight of an ax-head poised aloft, The grip on earth of outspread feet, The life of muscles rocking soft And smooth and moist in vernal heat." (p. 276) Both intellectual and bodily indeed.


Using micro CPI data, I show that much of inflation for durable goods since 1988 reflects, not increases in price for a given set of products, but rather shifts to a newer set of product models that display higher prices. I examine how these price differences should be divided between quality growth and price inflation based on how consumer spending responds to product substitutions. For all goods examined (cars, other vehicles, televisions, and other consumer electronics), buying shifts to the newer models despite their higher prices. This suggests that quality growth for durables has averaged at least 5.8% per year, more than double the rate implied by CPI measurement.


A redox reaction involving cysteine thiol-disulfide exchange is crucial for the intracellular monitoring of oxidation status. The yeast transcription factor Yap1 is activated by formation of a disulfide bond, which inhibits nuclear export in response to peroxide stress, with resultant enhancement of the nuclear localization of Yap1. A glutathione peroxidase-like protein, Gpx3, which has peroxiredoxin activity, is required for formation of the disulfide bond in Yap1. We show here that the requirement for Gpx3 in the regulation of Yap1 is strain-specific. Thus, Tsa1, a ubiquitous thioredoxin peroxidase, is required for the activation of Yap1 in yeast strain Y700, which is derived from W303. The strain-specific utilization of different peroxiredoxins appears to be determined by Ybp1, a Yap1-binding protein. The Ybp1 of Y700 has a nonsense mutation, and a wild-type YBP1 gene can restore the Gpx3-dependent activation of Yap1. These results suggest that Tsa1, a ubiquitous peroxiredoxin, has the potential for transducing redox signals to a particular sensor protein.


ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 10 (2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Tillage systems can changes in soil organic carbon dynamics and soil microbial biomass by changing aggregate formation and C distribution within the aggregate. However, the effects of tillage method or straw return on soil organic C (SOC) have showed inconsistent results in different soil/climate/ cropping systems. Soil TOC and labile organic C fractions contents were significantly affected by straw returns, and were higher under straw return treatments than non-straw return at three depths. The soil organic carbon (SOC) stock in bulk soil was 40.2-51.1% higher in the 0.00-0.05 m layer and 11.3-17.0% lower in the 0.05-0.20 m layer in NT system no-tillage without straw (NT-S) and with straw (NT+S), compared to the MP system moldboard plow without straw (MP-S) and with straw (MP+S), respectively. Residue incorporation caused a significant increment of 15.65% in total water stable aggregates in surface soil (0– 15 cm) and 7.53% in sub-surface soil (15–30 cm). In surface soil, the maximum (19.2%) and minimum (8.9%) proportion of total aggregated carbon was retained with >2 mm and 0.1–0.05 mm size fractions, respectively. At 0–7 cm depth, soil MBC was significantly higher under plowing tillage than rotary tillage, but EOC was just opposite. Rotary tillage had significantly higher soil TOC than plowing tillage at 7–14 cm depth. However, at 14– 21 cm depth, TOC, DOC and MBC were significantly higher under plowing tillage than rotary tillage except for EOC. A considerable proportion of the total SOC was found to be captured by the macro-aggregates (>2–0.25 mm) under both surface (67.1%) and sub-surface layers (66.7%) leaving rest amount in micro-aggregates and "silt + clay" sized particles. Application of inorganic fertilizer could sustain soil organic carbon (SOC) concentrations, whereas long-term application of manure alone or combined with NPK (M and NPK + M) significantly increased SOC contents compared with the unfertilized control. Manure application significantly increased the proportion of large macro-aggregates (> 2000 μm) compared with the control, while leading to a corresponding decline in the percentage of micro-aggregates (53–250 μm). Carbon storage in the intra-aggregate particulate organic matter within micro-aggregates was enhanced from 9.8% of the total SOC stock in the control to 19.7% and 18.6% in the M and NPK + M treatments, respectively. The shift in SOC stocks towards micro-aggregates is beneficial for long-term soil C sequestration. Moreover, the differences in the micro-aggregate protected C accounted, on average, for 39.8% of the differences in total SOC stocks between the control and the manure-applied treatments. Thus, we suggest that the micro-aggregate protected C is promising for assessing the impact of conventional and conservation agriculture on SOC storage in the vertisol. Soil disturbance by tillage leads to destruction of the protective soil aggregate. This in turn exposes the labile C occluded in these aggregates to microbial breakdown. The present study found that SOC change was significantly influenced by the crop residue retention rate and the edaphic variable of initial SOC content. K e y w o r d s Microbial biomass, Conservation tillage, Organic matter dynamics, Biological activity Accepted: 17 September 2019 Available Online: 10 October 2019 Article Info Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2019) 8(10): 2236-2253

https://www.ijcmas.com/8-10-2019/Arvind Kumar, et al.pdf


According to the collision of tower cranes working on the construction site, this paper establishes the mathematical model of the tower cranes first, and analyzes several possibilities of collisions. The model is based on homogeneous transformation, thus the distance between tower cranes which is dangerous can be calculated accurately, then the monitor will give an alarm. Based on Visual C++ 6.0, the calculation program is provided as the core of the control system. At the same time, the algorithm and methods to adjust flat arm tower cranes are introduced in this paper, and they are verified by examples through running the program.


The term path creation has contributed with nuances to the path perspective in evolutionary economic geography by its focus on agency and the relation between endogenous and exogenous agents. In this case-study I study the evolution of a path at Elkem Thamshavn by looking at how the plant has developed an advanced system for energy recovery and changed their end product from ferrosilicon to metallurgical silicon.By emphasizing the local competency and the abilities of the plant to influence its path evolution, knowledge, learning and the ability to innovate are important subjects to study in the evolutionary perspective in economic geography. The main research question in this study focuses on: what is the role of place-bound knowledge for innovation processes?This study has shown that the place-specific knowledge is important in the processes of change. It also acknowledges how the perspectives of path creation include agency and the agent's capability to influence emergent events. This evolutionary approach has proven a fruitful analytical tool to explain the path development of firms, but the concept is in need of clarifications about the exogenous shock and the boundaries between endogenous and exogenous contributions. The exogenous shock can be seen as stimulator of change, but the innovations and path creation seen in this study would not be possible without the contributions of the endogenous agent, the plant itself. Both the corporate culture and the place-specific knowledge are important to see the possibilities of improvement and to be capable of implementing change.Either as exogenous shocks or trough partners, knowledge and technology has been added to the firms existing knowledge thus facilitating new developments. The innovation processes could not been implemented or followed through without both an absorptive capacity internally at the plant and a culture to tackle various challenging consequences of innovations. A dichotomy between external and internal is also an artificial boundary as development processes must be seen as a cooperative and the changes develop through the relations between the exogenous and the endogenous. In the plant there exist a strong culture and perspective on their own knowledge and possibilities. This does not necessarily correlate to the TNCs perspectives, of which the plant is a part, although they both have the best interest of the firms at heart.


This report discuses the research of my bachelor thesis in the Molecular Biophysics Group of the Utrecht University. They are building a setup to image cancer in vivo with a high pulsed laser. The laser induces two-photon excitation and second-harmonic generation in the sample. The light which is created by these two nonlinear processes is measured with a CCD camera. During a measurement the quality of the data should be checked. Therefore, I wrote a software program that controls the camera and visualize the data of the camera.


A quality improvement project was carried out in a Level 3 Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) which aimed to successfully implement the use of continuous glucose monitoring systems (CGMS) in hypoglycaemic infants. Piloting of the device revealed several potential practical barriers to its reliably successful implementation. Five Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles followed, tackling these problems and other issues inductively identified throughout the project. Parents and multi-professional stakeholders were involved and consulted throughout. Change was measured on a runchart using qualitative and quantitative feedback. Problem rate per patient was reduced to zero by the end of a one-month study period. This study used basic quality improvement methodologies to implement a change intervention in a structured manner and elucidated aspects of its use that need to be adapted for its successful incorporation into real-life clinical practice.


Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) technology was used to generate anti-hemoglobin Bart's (Hb Bart's) IgY antibodies (Abs) for development into an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test for thalassemia diagnosis. Hb Bart's purified from the hemolysate of a patient with Hb Bart's hydrops fetalis (homozygous α-thalassemia) was used to immunize a chicken via the pectoralis muscle. After water dilution and sodium sulfate precipitation, 40 to 70 mg of IgY could be extracted from an egg. IgY, first detected in sera 2 weeks after immunization, reached the highest titer at week 4, and the titer remained stable for at least 2 weeks before declining. The pattern of Ab response in the yolk was the same as in the serum but was somewhat delayed. The IgY Abs produced reacted with γ globin, Hb Bart's, Hb F, normal cord hemolysate (Hbs F plus A), and Hb Bart's hydrops fetalis (Hbs Bart's plus Portland) and to a lesser degree with β globin, Hb A, Hb A2, and adult hemolysate (Hbs A plus A2), but the Abs did not react with α globin. Immunoaffinity purification with Hb A coupled to Sepharose was used to isolate an unbound IgY that reacted with Hb F, Hb Bart's, and γ globin, and this IgY was used to develop an ELISA test for thalassemia diagnosis. The results of direct ELISA analyses of 336 hemolysate samples from individuals with various known thalassemia genotypes and phenotypes and from healthy individuals confirmed the specificity of the polyclonal Abs for Hbs containing Hb F and Hb Bart's. This specificity, which was due to the Abs' strong reactivity in cases of pathologic thalassemic diseases and weak reactivity in cases of nonpathologic thalassemic diseases, depended on the levels of Hb Bart's and Hb F


Despite strict regulation and a clean safety record, research and development of genetically modified (GM) crops and other organisms has been confronted with tremendous public hostility. Why has this happened, and how can scientists try to guide the debate into more rational channels? The answers may determine the future of GM technology and our ability to provide for a growing world population.


Background: This study is the achievement of nursing compliance targets in the implementation of documentation at Immanuel hospital, this data obtained from a preliminary study of open medical record review (OMRR) providing education to 20 medical records of patients with the results of documentation on the assessment of patient education needs 85%, on planning of 70% education provision, 70% nursing education implementation and evaluation, namely verification of the understanding of education provided 80%.
Objectives: The study aimed to describe of nursing compliance with documenting the provision of education to patients and families in the inpatient room of Immanuel hospitalin Bandung which includes Compliance with Assessment / assessment, planning, implementation and evaluation
Methods: This study was conducted using descriptive method with quantitative approach. The total sample in this study was 55 subjects that selected using pruposive sampling techniques. Data collection uses observation sheets that have been tested for validity and reliability and the dataanalyzed using a frequency distribution.
Results: The statistic data shows that majority of the subjects were obey (78.2%) in documenting the assessment, almost all of the subjects wereobedient (94.6%) in documenting planning, more than half were obedient (69.1%) in documenting implementation, and also complied (67.3%) in documenting evaluations.
Conclusion:The level of nurses' compliance with documenting the provision of education to patients and families illustrates that all nurses adhere to documentation, from the stages of assessment, implementation to evaluation. Recommendation the next research is to examine the function of the head room management to the completeness of the documentation of the nursing process, especially the provision of education.


Submarine Landslides: An Introduction 1
By RIo Lee, W.C. Schwab, and J.S. Booth
U.S. Atlantic Continental Slope Landslides: Their Distribution, General Anributes, and
Implications 14
By J.S. Booth, D.W. O'Leary, Peter Popenoe, and W.W. Danforth
Submarine Mass Movement, a Formative Process of Passive Continental Margins: The
Munson-Nygren Landslide Complex and the Southeast New England Landslide
Complex 23
By D.W. O'Leary
The Cape Fear Landslide: Slope Failure Associated with Salt Diapirism and Gas
Hydrate Decomposition 40
By Peter Popenoe, E.A. Schmuck, and W.P. Dillon
Ancient Crustal Fractures Control the Location and Size of Collapsed Blocks at the
Blake Escarpment, East of Florida 54
By W.P. Dillon, J.S. Risch, K.M. Scanlon, P.C. Valentine, and Q.J. Huggett
Tectonic and Stratigraphic Control on a Giant Submarine Slope Failure: Puerto Rico
Insular Slope 60
By W.C. Schwab, W.W. Danforth, and K.M. Scanlon
Slope Failure of Carbonate Sediment on the West Florida Slope 69
By D.C. Twichell, P.C. Valentine, and L.M. Parson
Slope Failures in an Area of High Sedimentation Rate: Offshore Mississippi River
Delta 79
By J.M. Coleman, D.B. Prior, L.E. Garrison, and H.J. Lee
Salt Tectonics and Slope Failure in an Area of Salt Domes in the Northwestern Gulf
of Mexico 92
By B.A. McGregor, R.G. Rothwell, N.H. Kenyon, and D.C. Twichell
Slope Stability in Regions 01 Sea-Floor Gas Hydrate: Beaufort Sea Continental
Slope 97
By R.E. Kayen and H.J. Lee
Mass Movement Related to Large Submarine Canyons Along the Beringian Margin,
Alaska 104
By P.R. Carlson, H.A. Karl, B.D. Edwards, J.V. Gardner, and R. Hall
Comparison of Tectonic and Stratigraphic Control of Submarine Landslides on the
Kodiak Upper Continental Slope, Alaska 117
By M.A. Hampton
Submarine Landslides That Had a Significant Impact on Man and His Activities:
Seward and Valdez, Alaska 123
By M.A. Hampton, R.W. Lemke, and H.W. Coulter
Processes Controlling the Style of Mass Movement in Glaciomarine Sediment:
Northeastern Gulf of Alaska 135
By W.C. Schwab and H.J. Lee
Contents V
VI Contents
Liquefaction of Continental Shelf Sediment: The Northern California Earthquake
of 1980 143
By M.E. Field
A Submarine Landslide Associated with Shallow Sea-Floor Gas and Gas Hydrates
off Northern California 151
By M.E. Field and J.H. Barber, Jr.
Sur Submarine Landslide, a Deep-Water Sediment Slope Failure 158
By C.E. Gutmacher and W.R. Normark
Seismically Induced Mudflow in Santa Barbara Basin, California 167
By B.D. Edwards, H.J. Lee, and M.E. Field
Submarine Landslides in a Basin and Ridge Setting, Southern California 176
By M.E. Field and B.D. Edwards
Giant Volcano-Related Landslides and the Development of the Hawaiian Islands 184
By W.R. Normark, J.G. Moore, and M.E. Torresan
Submarine Slope Failures Initiated by Hurricane Iwa, Kahe Point, Oahu, Hawaii 197
By W.R. Normark, Pat Wilde, J.F. Campbell, T.E. Chase, and Bruce Tsutsui
(PDF contains 210 pages)