Background: In the early stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD), encouraging health behaviors can help prevent the progression of kidney disease leading to eventual kidney failure. The studies of health education using computer technology have been greatly developed, especially web-based nutrition education.Objective: To determine the effectiveness of a nutrition education website for CKD patients.Method: The design of this quasi-experimental research was a group pre-test/post-test. The participants were pre-dialysis CKD patients who were enrolled on the developed website www.banraktai.com. The participants were required to complete an eating behavior questionnaire and knowledge test. They accessed the website for eight weeks, and at week 8, they completed the eating behavior questionnaire and knowledge test again. The main outcomes were the changes in scores of nutrition knowledge and eating behavior that were compared between the baseline and after the intervention using the paired t-test. The correlation between nutrition knowledge scores and eating behavior scores was determined using Spearman's correlation coefficient.Results: There were 44 participants that completed the study. The results showed that the participants had significant improvement in both knowledge scores and consumption behavior scores (p < 0.001 and p = 0.041, respectively). However, there was no correlation between the nutrition knowledge scores and the eating behavior scores.Conclusions: Web-based nutrition education can improve knowledge scores but is not effective enough to encourage and motivate CKD patients to make eating behavior changes.


This volume challenges the orthodox view that fishing and fish played only a marginal role in the economy of the ancient world. In fact, there is archaeological evidence for ancient fish processing on a commercial scale not only in the Mediterranean itself, but also on the Atlantic coast and in the Black Sea region, especially the Crimea. Our literary sources testify to the widespread culinary and medicinal use of salted fish and fermented fish sauces in antiquity, and especially in the first centuries AD. In this book, the authors assess the present state of research on ancient fishing and discuss its implications for the history of the Black Sea region, especially the period of Greek colonisation along its shores. While grain has traditionally been viewed as the main export commodity of the Pontic colonies, the existence of salting-vats on the coast of the Crimea indicate production of salt-fish or fish sauce on a large scale, presumably for export. However, many questions remain unanswered: for instance concerning ownership and organisation of the processing facilities, or how the finished product was transported to distant markets.


Sambalpuri buffalo is one of the lesser known breeds of India. Phenotypic information on conformation, production and reproduction traits at farmers' level was collected through a questionnaire. A total of 198 adult animals (67 male, 131 female) were measured from eleven villages of its native tract. These data were subjected to least squares analysis and Duncan's multiple range test. The overall least square means for body length, heart girth, height at withers, paunch girth, head length, horn length, tail length, body weight were found to be 132.54±0.72 cm, 177.90±0.71 cm, 125.50±0.46 cm, 189.06±0.82 cm, 50.73±0.36 cm, 55.29±0.55 cm, 81.33±0.90 cm and 411.47±5.34 kg respectively. The overall least square means for age at first calving, calving interval, gestation period, average daily milk yield, lactation length, dry period and lactation yield were 1488.42±3.24 days, 533.92±2.12 days, 314.19±0.55 days, 2.95±0.08 litres, 282.26±2.69 days, 251.15±3.46 days and 809.57±18.75 litres respectively. Horn length difference was found to be significant (P<0.01) among localities but, between sex it was non-significant. All other conformation traits were found to be non-significant among localities. However, there exists a significant difference between two sexes (P<0.01) in relation to all conformation traits except horn length and tail length. The effect of localities were significant (P<0.01) on all the production and reproduction traits except for gestation period.


In this paper we attempt to identify and model factors associated with medical doctors' county-level location decisions. Our goal is to determine whether public policy levers and private incentives exist which can be manipulated to increase the availability of doctors in rural areas. After developing a formal model of medical doctors' location decisions, we use 1989 county-level data on numbers of doctors from the Area Resource File (ARP) to estimate econometric equations at the county-level for the entire U.S. predicting the number of doctors per capita. The data on medical doctors are complemented with ARP data on causes-of-death in 1989, data from the 1990 U.S. Census of Population, and the USDA's rural-urban adjacency or continuum (Beale) code, as well as various state-level variables.


Reliability demands for products in power electronics have increased as the desired lifetime of high reliability products has been raised from ten to even thirty years. Increased lifetime and reliability demands along with decreasing time to market have also affected the reliability testing needed for such products. To achieve more accurate reliability results in less time, combined stress testing methods have attracted more attention in recent studies. In this paper, accelerated reliability testing using combined stress testing method was conducted on commercial motor drives. The motor drives were tested in high temperature and high humidity test combined with power cycling. Additionally, input power interruption was included in part of the tests. The aim of this research was to study the effect of input power interruptions on failure times and failure modes. The results from the tests show clear differences between tests conducted either with or without input power interruptions. Shorter failure times were achieved when input power interruptions were included in the test procedure. However, they also changed the failure modes between the tests. As a conclusion, the different test methods reported in this study accelerated different failure mechanisms. Consequently, if power interruptions are used in testing, power interruption parameters and the relevance of failure modes occurring in accelerated testing compared to those seen in actual use conditions should be considered carefully.


Between 2009 May and 2010 May, the IceCube neutrino detector at the South Pole recorded 32 billion muons generated in air showers produced by cosmic rays with a median energy of 20 TeV. With a data set of this size, it is possible to probe the southern sky for per-mil anisotropy on all angular scales in the arrival direction distribution of cosmic rays. Applying a power spectrum analysis to the relative intensity map of the cosmic ray flux in the southern hemisphere, we show that the arrival direction distribution is not isotropic, but shows significant structure on several angular scales. In addition to previously reported large-scale structure in the form of a strong dipole and quadrupole, the data show small-scale structure on scales between 15° and 30°. The skymap exhibits several localized regions of significant excess and deficit in cosmic ray intensity. The relative intensity of the smaller-scale structures is about a factor of five weaker than that of the dipole and quadrupole structure. The most significant structure, an excess localized at (right ascension α = 122.°4 and declination δ = −47.°4), extends over at least 20° in right ascension and has a post-trials significance of 5.3σ. The origin of this anisotropy is still unknown.


Does it matter for my health in which neighborhood I live? The fact is, health is determined not only by individual characteristics but also by the neighborhood in which someone lives. This thesis shows that health clusters in Dutch neighborhoods and that this is not only a composition effect (that people with healthy characteristics cluster into one neighborhood and unhealthy people cluster in another neighborhood) but also a context effect. In addition to traditional explanations for this cluster, this thesis studies mainly the effects and conditions of neighborhood social capital on individual health. Neighborhood social capital can be defined as the access to resources which are generated by relationships between people in a friendly, well-connected and tightly knit community. Is the health of an individual actually affected by neighborhood social capital? If so, under which conditions is health affected most? And how can this association be explained? This dissertation is the first work that tests the effect of neighborhood social capital on individual health in a multilevel design while using data representative for a whole country (The Netherlands) and a number of control variables for both levels. The results of this dissertation showed a stable association between neighborhood social capital and health. The more neighborhood social capital, the better individual health was, independent of control variables for both individual and neighborhood levels of social capital as well as independent of individual-level social capital. Interestingly, people in urban areas report on average worse health and less social capital than people in rural areas; however, the neighborhood social capital does relate to their health, while it is not associated with the health of 'rural' people. A main finding of this dissertation is that individual health can be enhanced through neighborhood social capital without contacts with specific others. Furthermore, the results show that neighborhood social capital is especially valuable for people with low non-local individual-level social capital. Next, the results of this dissertation indicated that longer exposure to social capital is not necessarily better – the association is curvilinear. Finally, this dissertation presents one out of five possible health-related behaviors as a significant mediating factor for the association between neighborhood social capital and individual health. Several behaviors were tested: non-smoking, moderate alcohol intake, nutrition habits, sleep habits, and physical activity. Only physical activity significantly attenuated the association between neighborhood social capital and self-rated health. This dissertation aimed to clarify conditions and mechanisms of a health improving factor, with the goal that its results could be used by policymakers and neighborhood workers. These people often have to argue that neighborhood work matters. The difficult part is not only arguing that the context neighborhood matters but also that the people living in the neighborhoods and their interrelation matter.


Study was designed to evaluate impact of planting depth on root morphology inside nursery containers. Trees were planted shallow (13 mm) or deep (64 mm) into #3 Air-Pot™ containers, then shallow (0 mm) or deep (64 mm) into #15 containers prior to shifting them to their final #45 container size at the same depth. Trunk diameter (caliper) was significantly larger for both magnolia and maple planted shallow (13 mm) into #3, and then shallow into #15 containers when compared to planting deeper. However, differences were small and may not be relevant to a grower. No caliper or height differences among planting depths were found for elm. Presence of stem girdling roots in elm and magnolia growing in #45 containers increased with planting depth into # 3 containers. Downward re-orientation of main roots comprising the flare by #3 container wall, likely contributed to amount of roots growing over root flare. Maple root systems were not impacted by planting depth into #3 primarily due to adventitious root emergence from the buried portion of stem. Distance between substrate surface and top of root flare in finished #45 containers was not impacted by planting depth into #3 containers for any species. Planting elm and maple deeply into #15 led to more trunk-girdling by roots, a deeper root flare, and more roots growing over flare compared to planting shallow. Most root defects in all species were hidden from view because they were found below substrate surface. Presence of a visible root flare was not related to occurrence of root defects. Root balls on elm and maple were packed with roots which made it time consuming to remove substrate and roots above the root flare. Planting depth appears most crucial when shifting into #15 containers.


Light is a fuel for photosynthesis and plays an irreplaceable role in seed germination, stem elongation, leaf expansion, flowering induction, and accumulation of nutrients. However, the current phosphors combined with LEDs for photosynthesis have some unsolved problems, such as low efficiency, poor thermal stability, unvarying emission wavelength or non-matching spectrum, which restrict their applications. In this work, a series of novel efficient Lu3Al5O12:10%Ca2+,xBi3+,yMn4+ phosphors with blue-violet plus deep red dual-emission peaking at 419 and 669 nm have been first reported, which can meet the different light requirements of plants by controlling the concentration ratio of Bi3+ and Mn4+, and they possess at most 90.64% spectrum resemblance to the absorption spectrum of chlorophyll A and B. Furthermore, these phosphors exhibit high internal efficiency and at most reserve 95% of the initial intensity at 425 K. Finally, as a light source for monitoring the fluorescence spectra of evergreen plants, pc-LEDs were fabricated by UV chips and our synthesized phosphors. The results reveal that these phosphors can achieve as high as 83% photosynthetic efficiency for evergreen plants and improve it by 10% than a single emission phosphor, which shows good application prospects for improving plant photosynthesis.


In recent years, the United States and other countries have expressed considerable concern that China's national currency (the yuan or renminbi) is seriously undervalued. Some analysts say the yuan needs to rise by as much as 40% in order to reflect its equilibrium value. Critics say that China's undervalued currency provides it with an unfair trade advantage that has seriously injured the manufacturing sector in the United States. Chinese officials counter that they have not pegged the yuan to the dollar in order to gain trade advantages. Rather, they say the fixed rate promotes economic stability that is vital for the functioning of its domestic economy.


During Palaeocene to Early Oligocene times, hinterland and foreland directed thrusts and folds developed in Alpine Corsica in response to the collision of the European continental plate and oceanic crust adjacent to the Adria promontory. The 'Nappes Supérieures' represent fragments of the oceanic lithosphere, emplaced toward the west upon the Eoalpine Schistes lustrés nappes and Hercynian continental basement. The 'Nappes Supérieures' were unaffected by syn-tectonic metamorphism, whilst the underlying Schistes lustrés nappes developed a greenschist facies replacement of blueschist parageneses and the foreland basement of Hercynian Corsica developed prehnite–pumpellyite facies assemblages. Small flexural basins, occupied by continentally derived flysch deposits, developed at the deformation front and were subsequently overridden by ophiolitic and continental nappes. During Oligocene to Early Miocene times there was a change in deformation style with the generation of strike-slip and normal faults. This non-metamorphic deformation event is considered to result from the 30° anticlockwise rotation of Corso–Sardinia relative to the European plate, producing oceanic lithosphere in the Liguro–Provencal back-arc basin and a zone of collision between Corso–Sardinia and Adria. The rotation of Corsica is modelled as resulting from the indentation of the European continental plate by the Adria microplate.


Contextual learning starts from the premise that learning cannot take place in a vacuum, but should somehow be connected with real world attributes to make sense to learners. Today, digital media tend to bring about new dimensions of context: internet connections and mobile devices enable learners to overcome restrictions of time and location, and neglect the physical boundaries and limitations of the learning environment. This calls for reconsidering contextual learning. This paper takes a theoretical stand by conceptualising the notion of learning context in the light of its virtualised extensions. It explains the historical and pedagogical backgrounds of contextual learning and reviews existing models that deal with context parameters. The paper identifies and discusses the constituting components of context for learning and it demonstrates how attributes of virtual representations affect the nature of context. The overall purpose of the paper is re-establishing the notion of contextual learning in the light of emerging digital media and making explicit the various dimensions involved.


INTRODUCTION
The surgical treatment for pediatric spine deformity is complex and often associated with complications, which generates important clinical and economic impact. Herein the authors analyze the prevalence of complications in surgery for pediatric spine deformity, the correlation between complications and several risk factors, and present a preventive algorithm for these events.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
We collected for analysis the data regarding pediatric patients with spine deformities surgically treated in our institution through a 10 years period with 100% revision rate and a 24-month minimum follow-up were included. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Statistics 23.

RESULTS
70 complications (33,4%) were identified in 56 patients (26,7%), of which 38 (54,2%) were acute and 32 (45,7%) late complications. Pulmonary complications (7.1%), surgical site infection (6.6%) and junctional kyphosis (4.3%) were the most frequent events. Scoliosis etiology was especially correlated with general complications (p < 0.05) and early complications (p < 0.01). A logistic regression model identified preoperative hemoglobin (Exp =1.476; P=0.044), fused levels (Exp =-0.677; P=0.023) and titanium implants (Exp =0.257, P < 0.000) as relevant factors for complications. Area under the curve was 0.744, and, when using the best cutting point, the model was capable of predicting absence of complications in 84% of cases, and its occurrence in 56%.

DISCUSSION
Pulmonary complications, surgical site infection and junctional events were identified as the most frequent complications after pediatric scoliosis surgery. By developing high risk protocols to decrease these events, patient safety will be significantly enhanced. Risk assessment makes part of this process and our predictive model by identifying two modifiable factors and including another that relates to procedure invasiveness may help avoiding complications and improve outcomes. ctors for complications. Area under the curve was 0.744, and, when using the best cutting point, the model was capable of predicting absence of complications in 84% of cases, and its occurrence in 56%.


The optical properties of chemical-solution-deposited thin films of lead sulfide (PbS) were investigated using infrared transmission and photoluminescence spectroscopies. The synthesized films are characterized by a wide range of microstructures, from 15 nm nanocrystals up to monocrystals. Energy bandgap values for bulk and nanostructured layers varied from 0.41 eV up to 0.48 eV, respectively. Blueshifts in both absorbance and emission peaks of the nanostructured layers were obtained due to quantum size effects. The optical properties of the films are shown to be size-dependent, with the band edge increasing with temperature.


This study is undertaken with the purpose of examining the relationship between management accounting system effectiveness (MASE) and organization performance (OP). Specifically the research seeks to figure out what are the benefits derived from MAS that OP could have from what expected to be the main influences in MASE. Moreover, the research concentrates on MASE that resulted from contingent factors, organizational coordination and control requirements (OCCR) and information quality IQ. In particular, examine the effect of MASE arising from OCCR and IQ on OP with regard to individual impact (INIM) in developing countries' concept, the case of Libya. More specifically, IQ as one of the MAS requirement and OCCR which consist of information interdependence (INFIN), formalization (FO) and information inter-organization (INFORG) are the selected contingent variables, with MASE modelled as intervening mechanism between these contingent variables, and OP. This study also looks for evidences about the effectiveness of suitability of MAS' information from system users' perspective (perceptions of MAS's end users such as CEOs). Previous researchers have realized the contribution of information technology (IT) in improving the individual performance chiefly in terms of productivity and effectiveness (Iivari, 2005a). The study is beneficial and significant because it supports the need to consider individual and environmental factors together. The expected outcome of the research is that MASE that rose from the impact of the contingent variables has a direct positive impact on OP. Also the relation between system effectiveness and performance may effected by INIM…


This paper presents the results of temporal measurements of the soft X-ray radiation intensity in the spectral range of 10-40 eV emitted from the capillary plasma under discharge with a current pulse of 26 kA amplitude and rising rate of about 1012 A/s. The experiments were carried out on a pulsed-power facility SIGNAL with ceramic capillaries of 0.3 cm inner diameter and 15.7 cm length, which are filled with argon up to pressures in the range of 0.25-0.5 torr. To interpret the experimental results, a sequence of numerical calculations simulating gas dynamics and level-by-level ionic kinetics of argon plasma was used. The effect of X-ray lasing in the Ne-like line was found to be generated with a quanta energy of 26.4 eV, which lasted for approximately 1-2 ns, at a moment of about 33 ns after the current pulse start


The Automatic counting and MSG sending using GSM system is most widely used in industries. Automatic bag counting offers extreme advantages over traditional off determining what product has been received at the godown. In this system also detect defected bags. And defected bag is automatically removed by using shaft. Manually it is not possible to find defected bags so this is good advantage to this system. If weight of bag is less than the considered weight then weight sensor sense it and defected bag is found and immediately shaft will remove that defected bags and after detection bag will automatically counted by laser sensor. Manual counting is very time consuming process. The basic purpose of automatic counting and MSG sending using GSM module system is bags are counted automatically and MSG will be send to mobile of supervisor in specific period. It is most efficient system for counting bags. The PIC16F877 controller provides counting product automatically and also help to find defected bags accurately. The laser sensor makes the system efficient.


The visual complexity of a graph drawing is defined as the number of geometric objects needed to represent all its edges. In particular, one object may represent multiple edges, e.g., one needs only one line segment to draw two collinear incident edges. We study the question if drawings with few segments have a better aesthetic appeal and help the user to asses the underlying graph. We design an experiment that investigates two different graph types (trees and sparse graphs), three different layout algorithms for trees, and two different layout algorithms for sparse graphs. We asked the users to give an aesthetic ranking on the layouts and to perform a furthest-pair or shortest-path task on the drawings.


In this paper we consider the uplink transmission within CP-assisted (Cyclic Pre x) DS-CDMA (Direct Sequence Code Division Multiple Access) systems and we present a frequency-domain MUD (MultiUser Detection) receiver with iterative estimation and compensation of residual frequency errors. The proposed receiver is suitable for broadband wireless systems, with performances that can be close to the single-user MFB (Matched Filter Bound), even for fully loaded systems and/or in the presence of strong interfering signals. The receiver is powerful enough for typical asynchronous scenarios, requiring only a coarse synchronization between users.


The EBI Complex Portal is a manually curated, unifying resource of macromolecular complexes from model organisms. Each entry has a unique and stable identifier and links participating molecule to their unique reference database (UniProt, ChEBI and RNAcentral). Each complex is annotated with information about their stoichiometry, topology and structural assembly, function, complex-centric Gene Ontology terms and evidence codes. Complexes are extensively cross-referenced to ChEMBL, EMDB, Experimental Factor Ontology, Intenz, MatrixDB, the PDB and Reactome. Bespoke visualisation tools for the general topology and stoichiometry, crystal structures, molecular reactions and gene expression data are provided. All data is open-source and available in PSI-MI xml2.5 and xml3.0 standard formats, MI-JSON and tab-delineated ComplexTAB format.


9 Background: Improving feed efficiency has become a common target for dairy farmers to 10 meet the requirement of producing more milk with fewer resources. To improve feed 11 efficiency, a prerequisite is to ensure that the cows identified as most or least efficient will 12 remain as such, independently of diet composition. Therefore, the current research analysed 13 the ability of lactating dairy cows to maintain their feed efficiency while changing the energy 14 density of the diet by changing its concentration in starch and fibre. A total of 60 lactating 15 Holstein cows, including 33 primiparous cows, were first fed a high starch diet-low fibre (diet 16 SF), then switched over to a low starch diet-high fibre (diet SF). To know if diet affect feed 17 efficiency, we compared the ability of feed efficiency to be maintained within a diet over 18 subsequent lactation stages, known as repeatability of feed efficiency, with its ability to be 19 maintained across diets, known as reproducibility of feed efficiency. To do so we used two 20 indicators: the estimation of the error of repeatability/reproducibility, which is commonly 21 used in metrology, and the coefficient of correlation of concordance (CCC), which is used in 22 biology. The effect of diet change could also lead to a change in cows sorting behaviour 23 which could potentially affect feed efficiency if for example the most efficient cows select 24 more concentrate than the least efficient. We therefore analysed the relationship between the 25 2 differences in individual feed refusals composition and the differences in feed efficiency. To 26 do so, the composition of each feed refusal was described with its near infra-red (NIR) 27 spectroscopy and was performed on each individual feed ingredient, diet and refusals and 28 used as composition variable. The variability of the NIR spectra of the refusals was described 29 with its principal components thanks to a principal component analysis (PCA). The Pearson 30 correlation was estimated to check the relationship between feed efficiency and refusals 31 composition, i.e. sorting behaviour. 32 Results: The error of reproducibility of feed efficiency across diets was 2.95 MJ/d. This error 33 was significantly larger than the errors of repeatability estimated within diet, which were 2.01 34 MJ/d within diet SF and 2.40 MJ/d within diet SF. The CCC was 0.64 between feed 35 efficiency estimated within diet SF and feed efficiency estimated within diet SF. This CCC 36 was smaller than the one observed for feed efficiency estimated within diet between two 37 subsequent lactation stages (CCC = 0.72 within diet SF and 0.85 within diet SF). Feed 38 efficiency was poorly correlated to the first two principal components, which explained 90% 39 of the total variability of the NIR spectra of the individual refusals. This suggests that feed 40 sorting behaviour did not explain differences in feed efficiency. 41 Conclusions: Feed efficiency was significantly less reproducible across diets than repeatable 42 within the same diet over subsequent lactation stages, but cow's ranking for feed efficiency 43 was not significantly affected by diet change. This loss in repeatability across diets could be 44 due to a more pronounced feed sorting subsequent to the change in diet composition. 45 However, the differences in sorting behaviour between cows were not associated to feed 46 efficiency differences in this trial neither with the SF diet nor with the SF diet. Those 47 results have to be confirmed on diets having different forage to concentrate ratios to ensure 48 that the least and most efficient cows will not change. 49 50


Growing periods can be determined using water balance analysis to decrease harvest risk in certain area. Generally, there are two types of land use for crop, irrigated land and non-irrigated land. The experiment aims to determine growing periods of food crop in Banten Province. Modified method of Thornthwaite and Mather of bookkeeping system of water balance has been used base on decades data. Water balance analysis of irrigated land showed that in the area of Serang District has growing periods potencially of 140-170 days with growing periods starting from Dec2 till Jan1, but necessary need water supply from irrigation as amount 8.5-22.5 mm to growing rise twice a year or planted with other food crops after rice if no irrigation. Meanwhile in Tangerang District (Pakuhaji) and Pandeglang District (Pagelaran) has potency of 182-193 days of growing periods with starting on Sep3 at Pakuhaji and on Dec3 at Pagelaran. In these area rice can be planted twice a year without irrigation. Futhermore, for non-irrigation/land with monthly high rainfall, the analysis indicated that the area has potency of growing periods of 182 days as even through the year. Planting dates can be started from Oct1 till Dec1, with sequence of rice-rice or rice-rice-other food crops.


Abstract This article first briefly examines the textual structure of the Kassapa Saṃyutta of the Pāli Saṃyutta-nikāya in conjunction with two other versions preserved in Chinese translation in a collection entitled 大迦葉相應 Dajiashe Xiangying (Skt. Mahākāśyapa Saṃyukta) in Taishō vol. 2, nos 99 and 100. Then it compares the main teachings contained in the three versions. It reveals similarities and differences in structure and doctrinal content, thus advancing the historical/critical study of early Buddhist doctrine in this area.


IMPORTANCE
To further the understanding of client centeredness in the context of creativity.

OBJECTIVE
This study's objective was to explore the client's uniqueness as the key motivator of creativity in the occupational therapy process using a novel assessment tool, the Creativity in Occupational Therapy Questionnaire (COTQ). Our hypothesis was as follows: "Clients and their characteristics are more important to the creativity of an occupational therapist than the occupational therapist's personality."

DESIGN
This study is part of a mixed-methods study. The COTQ, consisting of five clusters of items, was pretested for clarity and reliability in a pilot study (α = .90). It was then used in an online survey of Slovenian occupational therapists. To analyze data, factor and regression analyses were used.

SETTING
The survey was completed online.

PARTICIPANTS
The survey was sent to all electronic addresses obtained from the Association of Occupational Therapists of Slovenia and the Faculty of Health Sciences at the University of Ljubljana. It was completed by 250 occupational therapists, which represented more than 40% of all Slovenian occupational therapists.

RESULTS
Occupational therapists included in the study reported that clients triggered and encouraged their creativity. Both the client's uniqueness, B = .574, t(197) = 12.24, p < .01, and the occupational therapist's personality, B = .388, t(197) = 6.51, p < .01, had a statistically significant influence on creativity in the occupational therapy process.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
This study supports the importance of creativity in client-centered practice and provides a quantitative measure of this concept, which could be used in future longitudinal studies.

WHAT THIS ARTICLE ADDS
This article suggests that the individual client is the most important factor in the creative process of an occupational therapist. It introduces a novel assessment tool and provides suggestions on how to facilitate a client-centered approach using creativity.


Pozzolanic properties of Pennisetum purpureum grass ash were tested on Portland cement. Results show that the ash can be blended with cements without compromising binding strength of the cement. It was found that Portland cement could be blended with Pennisetum purpureum up to a ratio of 3:2 compromising compressive strength of mortar.Mortar with lower cement replacement took longer to set as evidenced by lower compressive strength within the 28-day aging time. Mortar with higher cement replacement had lower water absorption capacity, an indication that the test pozzolan was of smaller particulate size. XRF analysis and the FTIR spectrum showed that the ash has a higher content of silica. The XRD pattern of the ash showed that the ash was predominantly amorphous. SEM images showed that the ash produced at 600 o C had residual carbon material.


. In Faceted Search Systems (FSS), users navigate the information space through facets, which are attributes or meta-data that describe the underlying content of the collection. Type-based facets (aka t-facets) help explore the categories associated with the searched objects in structured information space. This work investigates how personalizing t-facet ranking can minimize user effort to reach the intended search target. We propose a lightweight personalisation method based on Vector Space Model (VSM) for ranking the t-facet hierarchy in two steps. The first step scores each individual leaf-node t-facet by computing the similarity between the t-facet BERT embedding and the user profile vector. In this model, the user's pro-file is expressed in a category space through vectors that capture the users' past preferences. In the second step, this score is used to re-order and select the sub-tree to present to the user. The final ranked tree reflects the t-facet relevance both to the query and the user profile. Through the use of embeddings, the proposed method effectively handles unseen facets without adding extra processing to the FSS. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is measured by the user effort required to retrieve the sought item when using the ranked facets. The approach outperformed existing personalization baselines.


Various approaches have been applied to optimize biological product fermentation processes and define design space. In this article, we present a stepwise approach to optimize a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation process through risk assessment analysis, statistical design of experiments (DoE), and multivariate Bayesian predictive approach. The critical process parameters (CPPs) were first identified through a risk assessment. The response surface for each attribute was modeled using the results from the DoE study with consideration given to interactions between CPPs. A multivariate Bayesian predictive approach was then used to identify the region of process operating conditions where all attributes met their specifications simultaneously. The model prediction was verified by twelve consistency runs where all batches achieved broth titer more than 1.53 g/L of broth and quality attributes within the expected ranges. The calculated probability was used to define the reliable operating region. To our knowledge, this is the first case study to implement the multivariate Bayesian predictive approach to the process optimization for the industrial application and its corresponding verification at two different production scales. This approach can be extended to other fermentation process optimizations and reliable operating region quantitation. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 28: 1095–1105, 2012


Filariasis in South Kalimantan is still a problem, especially in rural areas, this is possible because there are still many potential places for vector breeding such as rice fields, forests and swamps. In Tanah Bumbu District, filariasis cases were reported as many as 38 cases where as many as 35 cases were found in Batulicin and Kusan Hilir Sub-districts, while as many as 3 recent cases in 2015 in Angsana District. The purpose of this study was to determine various types of mosquitoes, density, age, and habitat characteristics of potential mosquitoes as filariasis vectors in Binawara Village, Tanah Bumbu District. The study was carried out with descriptive observasional design and cross sectional approach in May 2018. Entomological surveys conducted included habitat surveys, mosquito capture by human bait, and surgery. The results showed the dominance of the habitat found was swamp. There were 12 species of mosquitoes caught i. e.  Ma. uniformis, Ma. dives, Ma. bone, An. barbirostris, An. maculatus, Ae. linnetaopenis, Ae. albopictus, Ae. aegypti, Cx. sitiens,, Cx. crasipes, Cx. quinquefasciatus, and Cq. crassipes. The density of mosquitoes sucks the highest blood, Ma. dives, with a value of 4 mosquitoes / person / hour (MHD) and 3 mosquitoes / person / night (MBR). The results of surgery are high parity  for Ma.dives, Ma.uniformis and Cx. quinquefasciatus shows that the mosquito has undergone a gonothrophic cycle with a relative age of mosquitoes that have the opportunity to be filariasis vectors. Longevity of mosquito age that should be suspected as filariasis vectors are 42.43 days for Ma.uniformis and 47.96 days for Cx. quinquefasciatus. Although filariasis transmission has not been proven in this study, but with the discovery of potential vectors and the discovery of positive patients, the awareness of filariasis transmission needs to be increased. In terms of increasing vector control of PHBS and self protection from mosquito bites (repellent and the use of closed clothing) can be a form of control in order to avoid filariasis transmission.


Parsimony haplotyping is the problem of finding a set of haplotypes of minimum cardinality that explains a given set of genotypes, where a genotype is explained by two haplotypes if it can be obtained as a combination of the two. This problem is NP-complete in the general case, but polynomially solvable for (k, l)-bounded instances for certain k and l. Here, k denotes the maximum number of ambiguous sites in any genotype, and l is the maximum number of genotypes that are ambiguous at the same site. Only the complexity of the (*, 2)-bounded problem is still unknown, where * denotes no restriction. It has been proved that (*, 2)-bounded instances have compatibility graphs that can be constructed from cliques and circuits by pasting along an edge. In this paper, we give a constructive proof of the fact that (*, 2)-bounded instances are polynomially solvable if the compatibility graph is constructed by pasting cliques, trees and circuits along a bounded number of edges. We obtain this proof by solving a slightly generalized problem on circuits, trees and cliques respectively, and arguing that all possible combinations of optimal solutions for these graphs that are pasted along a bounded number of edges can be enumerated efficiently.


Generating free-viewpoint videos is critical for immersive VR/AR experience, but recent neural advances still lack the editing ability to manipulate the visual perception for large dynamic scenes. To fill this gap, in this paper, we propose the first approach for editable free-viewpoint video generation for large-scale view-dependent dynamic scenes using only 16 cameras. The core of our approach is a new layered neural representation, where each dynamic entity, including the environment itself, is formulated into a spatio-temporal coherent neural layered radiance representation called ST-NeRF. Such a layered representation supports manipulations of the dynamic scene while still supporting a wide free viewing experience. In our ST-NeRF, we represent the dynamic entity/layer as a continuous function, which achieves the disentanglement of location, deformation as well as the appearance of the dynamic entity in a continuous and self-supervised manner. We propose a scene parsing 4D label map tracking to disentangle the spatial information explicitly and a continuous deform module to disentangle the temporal motion implicitly. An object-aware volume rendering scheme is further introduced for the re-assembling of all the neural layers. We adopt a novel layered loss and motion-aware ray sampling strategy to enable efficient training for a large dynamic scene with multiple performers, Our framework further enables a variety of editing functions, i.e., manipulating the scale and location, duplicating or retiming individual neural layers to create numerous visual effects while preserving high realism. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach to achieve high-quality, photo-realistic, and editable free-viewpoint video generation for dynamic scenes.


The housing market is urgently demanding customized quality buildings at affordable costs. Housing prefabrication represents a suitable strategy as long as it is combined with cost-effective personalization through mass customization. Designs need to be easily customizable to foster the mass customization of prefabricated housing. Decisive requirements are design robustness and flexibility. Crucial decisions for the achievement of these requirements are made in the conceptual design phase, but this stage is not adequately supported, and tools for addressing decisions during this phase are not provided. In engineering design, axiomatic design (AD) has been shown to be able to support the analysis of existing ideas in terms of aptitude for customization and the generation of robust and flexible solutions that are easier to customize. Thus, the current study applied AD to the analysis of well-known prefabricated houses and the design development of a new prefabricated housing system to show the potential benefits of this approach for the building industry. Results show that AD has the ability to support the analysis of ideas for identifying problems linked with customization and the ability to address the conceptual development of robust and flexible designs for providing easily customizable solutions.


Modeling of software-intensive systems using formal declarative modeling languages offers a means of managing software complexity through the use of abstraction and early identification of correctness issues by formal analysis. Alloy is one such language used for modeling systems early in the development process. Little work has been done to study the styles and techniques commonly used in Alloy models. We present the first static analysis study of Alloy models. We investigate research questions that examine a large corpus of 1,652 Alloy models. To evaluate these research questions, we create a methodology that leverages the power of ANTLR pattern matching and the query language XPath. Our research questions are split into two categories depending on their purpose. The Model Characteristics category aims to identify what language constructs are used commonly. Modeling Practices questions are considerably more complex and identify how modelers are using Alloy's constructs. We also evaluate our research questions on a subset of models from our corpus written by expert modelers. We compare the results of the expert corpus to the results obtained from the general corpus to gain insight into how expert modelers use the Alloy language. We draw conclusions from the findings of our research questions and present actionable items for educators, language and environment designers, and tool developers. Actionable items for educators are intended to highlight underutilized language constructs and features, and help student modelers avoid discouraged practices. Actionable items aimed at language designers present ways to improve the Alloy language by adding constructs or removing unused ones based on trends identified in our corpus of models. The actionable items aimed at environment designers address features to facilitate model creation. Actionable items for tool developers provide suggestions for back-end optimizations.


In temperate climates groundwater can have a strong effect on vegetation, because it can influence the spatio-temporal distribution of soil moisture and therefore water and oxygen stress of vegetation. Current IPCC climate projections based on CO2 emission scenarios show a global temperature rise and change in precipitation regime, which will affect hydrological and vegetation systems. This thesis provides a quantitative framework for studying eco-hydrology in groundwater influenced temperate ecosystems. Models with increased complexity have been developed, to investigate the interactions and dynamics of these ecosystems and determine their response to climate change. The final model combines a dynamic bio-physiologically based vegetation model to simulate vegetation dynamics and competition and a physically-based variably-saturated hydrological model. In this model transpiration and stomatal conductance depend on atmospheric forcing and soil moisture content. Carbon assimilation depends on environmental conditions, stomatal conductance and biochemical processes. Light competition is driven by vegetation height and water competition is driven by root water uptake and the vegetations response to water and oxygen stress. Modeled and measured atmospheric H2O and CO2 fluxes compare well on a diurnal and a yearly timescale. Long term simulations reproduce realistic densities of wet and dry adapted vegetation along a wet to dry gradient. The results clearly show the importance of simulating groundwater on modeled vegetation dynamics. This involves both the presence of groundwater and the upslope-downslope interactions through lateral groundwater connection. The influence of groundwater is apparent for a large range of groundwater depths, by both capillary rise and water logging. The results also show the influence of vegetation dynamics, composition, patterns and biomass on the water balance of a forest ecosystem and therefore groundwater dynamics. Water and oxygen stress can occur simultaneously within a slope and at the same location throughout a year. Light competition is important as the light capturing advantage of established vegetation most often overrules water and oxygen competition. The response to climate change is investigated by forcing the coupled model with an ensemble of nested global and regional climate models, representing the IPCC SRES A2 scenario for 2100. A stochastic weather generator is calibrated to each GCM-RCM combination. All projections show higher temperatures and less precipitation. Results show that increased atmospheric CO2 concentration results in higher biomasses due to higher water use efficiency and less evaporation downslope where vegetation growth is light limited. Change in precipitation regime (drier summer, wetter winter) causes decreased biomass and increased upslope groundwater recharge, resulting in groundwater rise and an upward shift of wet adapted vegetation. Temperature rise results in a lower biomass, because respiration increases stronger than carbon assimilation, while increased transpiration causes drier soils and prolonged periods of water limited growth. The combined effect of CO2 and temperature rise change in precipitation regime is dominated by temperature rise and change in precipitation regime, causing a lower biomass. The effect on groundwater level depends on the degree by which precipitation distribution changes, showing a drop at a small difference between summer and winter precipitation and a rise at a large difference. This study shows that quantifying and understanding the response of temperate forest ecosystems to climate change requires combined physically-based hydrological and bio-physically-based vegetation models


Housing taxation is an important policy instrument that shapes households' choices about homeownership and renting as well as the evolution of the housing market. We study the effects of housing taxation in a model with search and matching frictions in the property market and a competitive rental market. We show a new transmission channel for a housing tax reform that works through a 'shifting' effect from landlords to tenants. We calibrate the model in order to estimate the long-run effects of the recent Italian housing market taxation reforms and the extent of property tax capitalization on house prices. We show that property taxation on owner-occupied dwellings has a negative effect on property and rental prices, whereas taxes on second homes have opposite qualitative effects. The simultaneous increase in both these instruments may mitigate the dynamics of prices and rents as well as the change in the ratio between the share of owners and renters, leading to a partial capitalization taxation on prices.


The development, basic concepts, and technique of flexible implant arthroplasty of the metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints are described and the need for treatment of all the interrelated deformities in the fingers is considered.

The results after follow-ups ranging from six months to five years are analyzed both in the patients treated by me in Grand Rapids and in patients treated by the surgeons in 211 clinics who participated in a Field Clinic study. The Grand Rapids series included 358 metacarpophalangeal joints, all with rheumatoid arthritis, and 148 proximal interphalangeal joints, eighty-five with rheumatoid arthritis, thirty with osteoarthritis and thirty-three with post-traumatic arthritis. The over-all average range of motion achieved was from 2 to 64 degrees of flexion in the metacarpophalangeal joints and from 6 to 65.5 degrees of flexion in the proximal interphalangeal joints.

The Field Clinic Study series included 3,409 metacarpophalangeal joints, all in hands with rheumatoid arthritis. The average range of motion in the 2,544 fingers for which data were available in this series was from 4 to 57 degrees of flexion.

In both series, the deformity was corrected in 97 per cent or more of the fingers.

The complications in the combined series included fracture of the implant which occurred in less than 2 per cent of cases, and dislocation of the implant and infection both of which occurred in less than 1 per cent of the fingers. Five implants in the two series combined had to be removed because of postoperative infection.


The existed semi-automatic ultrasound eddy current testing system is difficult to adapt to the situation of seamless steel tube detection requirements at present. This paper puts forward an ultrasonic eddy current synchronous auto-detection system. The principle of ultrasonic eddy current testing tube and the design of the ultrasonic eddy current probe frame are introduced. Software system uses ultrasonic and eddy current imaging at the same time, and ultrasonic testing's results can be displayed by A+B+C combination imaging. The quasi three-dimensional imaging system can offer more convenient methods to detect personnel. Experimental results verify the feasibility of the system.


This is a brilliant collection of thirteen short stories, written by the Master of Crime. Although some of the stories have been published before, all but one of them have had a very limited circulation and the vast majority of Dick Francis fans will be reading them for the first time. Ranging from the "National Hunt Festival" at Cheltenham to "Churchill Downs in America", each of the stories contains an array of five-star Dick Francis characters, a brilliant plot to marvel over and an ingenious sting in the tail to gasp over.


BACKGROUND
Alexithymia is a disturbance in awareness and cognitive processing of affect that is associated with over-reporting of physical symptoms, including pain. The relationship between alexithymia and other psychological constructs that are often associated with pain has yet to be evaluated.

OBJECTIVES
The present study examined the importance of alexithymia in the pain experience in relation to other integral psychological components of Turk's diathesis-stress model of chronic pain and disability, including fear of pain, anxiety sensitivity, pain avoidance and pain catastrophizing.

METHODS
Heat pain stimuli, using a magnitude estimation procedure, and five questionnaires (Anxiety Sensitivity Index, Fear of Pain Questionnaire III, Pain Catastrophizing Scale, avoidance subscale of the Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale-20 and Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20) were administered to 67 undergraduate students (44 women) with a mean (+/- SD) age of 20.39+/-3.77 years.

RESULTS
Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that sex, fear of pain and alexithymia were the only significant predictors of average heat pain intensity (F[6, 60]=5.43; R2=0.35; P=0.008), accounting for 6.8%, 20.0% and 9.6% of unique variance, respectively. Moreover, the difficulty identifying feelings and difficulty describing feelings subscales, but not the externally oriented thinking subscale of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 significantly predicted average heat pain intensity.

CONCLUSIONS
Individuals with higher levels of alexithymia or increased fear of pain reported higher average pain intensity ratings. The relationship between alexithymia and pain intensity was unrelated to other psychological constructs usually associated with pain. These findings suggest that difficulties with emotion regulation, either through reduced emotional awareness via alexithymia or heightened emotional awareness via fear of pain, may negatively impact the pain experience.


When accompanied by the appropriate algorithmic approach, seismic imaging is an application that can take advantage of massively parallel computer systems. Three-dimensional (3D) pre-stack time migration (PSTM) and pre-stack depth migration (PSDM) are key components of seismic imaging and require very large computing resources. In this paper, we show that execution of these algorithms can be dramatically accelerated by massive parallelism. Many oil exploration and service companies purchase supercomputing clusters for performing 3D PSTM and PSDM seismic imaging. The common azimuth migration (CAM) algorithm, ported to many architectures, is particularly well suited to offshore marine applications. This paper describes the porting of the CAM algorithm to the IBM Blue Gene/L™ supercomputer, which requires introducing a second level of parallelism, building a parallel 3D-FFT (fast Fourier transform) routine, optimizing a tridiagonal solver for SIMD (single-instruction, multiple-data) floating-point units, and addressing various I/O concerns. We present results obtained by using up to 16, 368 processors for actual data provided from a marine seismic acquisition. Finally, we provide recommendations for porting other pre-stack algorithms to a massively parallel environment.


In this paper, we investigate the problem of predicting people's professions under social context. Previous work considering clothing information as well as fore/background context preliminarily proves the feasibility of predicting professions. In this paper, we discuss this problem in a more general case -- multiple people in one photo with arbitrary poses, and argue that with appropriately built partial body features, spatial relations, and background context, more appealing results are achieved by a probabilistic model. We conduct experiments on 14 representative professions with over 7000 images, and demonstrate the model's superiority with impressive results.


This study quantifies the feasibility for a mobile sodium guidestar system. Simulations are run using the High Energy Laser End-to-End Operational Simulation (HELEEOS) software package with global sodium layer climatology data. Sodium layer data used was collected from the Optical Spectrograph and Infrared Imaging System (OSIRIS) sensor package on board the Odin satellite from 2005 through 2011 and provides a detailed global representation of the variable sodium layer occurring at an altitude of approximately 90 km in the atmosphere. This data is used in conjunction with the HELEEOS atmospheric propagation modeling to create realistic sodium guidestar models. The atmospheric effects for the laser propagation scattering model and creation of the sodium guidestar are defined in the worldwide probabilistic climatic database available in the HELEEOS software package. The simulations run evaluated the performance of a guidestar as viewed from along the propagation path and from non-propagation path viewing angles for engagement scenarios in various locations on earth. HELEEOS includes a fast-calculating, first principles, worldwide surface to 100 km, with extensions above 100 km to account for the sodium layer, atmospheric propagation and characterization package. This package enables the creation of profiles of temperature, pressure, water vapor content, optical turbulence, atmospheric particulates and hydrometeors as they relate to line-by-line layer transmission, path and background radiance at wavelengths from the ultraviolet to radio frequencies. HELEEOS is able to produce realistic evaluations of laser propagation, imaging, and adaptive optics systems by use of an end to end directed energy propagation model that incorporates probabilistic, climatological data from temporally and spatially variable meteorological, aerosol, and turbulence profiles. Specifically, HELEEOS performs its propagation calculations utilizing the following algorithms, models and datasets: the Scaling for HEL and Relay Systems (SHaRE) scaling law algorithms, High Resolution Transmission (HITRAN) database for molecular absorption, Global Aerosol Dataset (GADS), Advanced Navy Aerosol Model (ANAM), the Adaptive Optical Compensation of Thermal Blooming (AOTB) model, various turbulence models, and other physics based atmospheric propagation algorithms. HELEEOS was developed by the United States Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) under the sponsorship of the High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office.


The Human Development Index (HDI) is widely used as an aggregate measure of overall human well-being. We examine the allocations implied by the maximization of this index using a standard growth model. Maximization of the HDI leads to consumption (excluding education and health expenditures) being pushed to minimal levels. It also leads to the overaccumulation of education and/or health capital and possibly physical capital, relative to the standard golden rule. We propose an alternative specification of the HDI, where permanent consumption replaces income as the proxy for a decent standard of living. Maximization of this alternative index yields a "human development golden rule" which balances consumption, education and health expenditure in promoting human development. We also advocate the method of optimization subject to constraints for revealing the consequences of taking a policy measure seriously and testing its congruence with its underlying philosophy. JEL classification: O21, O15


Uhlmann's mixed state geometric phase [Rep. Math. Phys. 24, 229 (1986)] is analyzed in the case of a qubit affected by isotropic decoherence treated in the Markovian approximation. It is demonstrated that this phase decreases rapidly with increasing decoherence rate and that it is most fragile to weak decoherence for pure or nearly pure initial states. In the unitary case, we compare Uhlmann's geometric phase for mixed states with that occurring in standard Mach-Zehnder interferometry [Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 2845 (2000)] and show that the latter is more robust to reduction in the length of the Bloch vector. We also describe how Uhlmann's geometric phase in the present case could in principle be realized experimentally.


We present an approach to reliable and efficient recovery of part-descriptions in terms of superquadric models from range data. We show that superquadrics can directly be recovered from unsegmented data, thus avoiding any presegmentation steps (e.g. in terms of surfaces). The approach is based on the recover-and-select paradigm. We present several experiments on real and synthetic range images, where we demonstrate the stability of the results with respect to viewpoint and noise.


Tracking surface water coverage changes is a complicated task for many regions of the world. It is, however, essential to monitor the associated biological changes and bioproductivity. We present a methodology to track contemporary water coverage changes using optical remote sensing and use it to estimate historical summer water coverage in a large river delta. We used a geographical information system automated routine, based on the modified normalized difference water index, to extract the surface water coverage area (SWCA) from optical satellite data sets using the surface water extraction coverage area tool (SWECAT). It was applied to measure SWCA during drought and flood peaks in the Saskatchewan River Delta in Canada, from Landsat, SPOT and RapidEye images. Landsat results compared favourably with Canadian National Hydro Network (CNHN) GeoBase data, with deviations between SWCA classifications and the base CNHN GeoBase shapefile of ~2%. Difference levels between the extracted SWCA layer from Landsat and the higher resolution commercial satellites (SPOT and RapidEye) were also less than 2%. SWCA was tightly linked to discharge and level measurements from in-channel gauges (r2 > 0.70). Using the SWCA versus discharge relationship for the gauge with the longest record, we show that peak summer SWCA has declined by half over the last century, from 13% of our study area to 6%, with likely implications for fish and wildlife production.


Premature birth is a major public health problem accounting for over 13,000 deaths and 30,000 surviving infants with life-long morbidity yearly. Preterm premature rupture of the fetal membranes (FM) is the initiating event leading to preterm birth of 40% of these premature infants. The mechanisms which cause FM failure and thereby rupture are not understood. A "weak zone" in the FM region overlying the cervix has recently been discovered, which demonstrates both biophysical weakness and concomitant biochemical evidence of tissue remodeling and apoptosis. This "weak zone" has been the subject of limited biomechanical investigation. A full understanding of FM failure requires a complete characterization of structural and biomechanical behavior of the FM at near/full term under sub-failure (forces well below that which induce rupture) and failure conditions as well as elucidating the biological factors which modulate its failure. The goals of this study were to (1) characterize the sub-failure structure-strength behavior of the FM under physiological loading conditions, (2) implement a structural constitutive model to investigate the sub-failure responses of FM, and (3) characterize the structural/strength sequelae during failure of the FM in the "non-weak" regions. The first two aims of this study established the baseline structure-strength relation of "non-weak zone" FM tissue. Specifically, the stress-strain relationship from an unloaded state up to failure was established. It was found that the FM behaves as an effectively isotropic material and that collagen fibers of the FM are recruited rapidly once they are loaded, which may be an important mechanism in the facilitation of FM rupture. Finally, a novel membrane inflation device revealed that upon loading, there was a small increase in collagen fiber alignment, although not significant, and there was no change in collagen fiber direction. More importantly, FM failure occurs catastrophically, suggesting that particular collagen fibers are not predisposed to failure. The results obtained in this study further our understanding of this unique physiological event, failure, and provide a basis for establishing how the structure-function relationship of the FM is altered the "weak zone," which has unique mechanical properties that facilitates membrane rupture.


The Fused Deposition of Ceramics (FDC) is based on the commercially available Fused Deposition Modeling (IDMTM) technique developed by Stratasys Inc. The FDC process is being currently developed to make complex ceramic parts in an automated fashion. Although the current focus is on making SisN4 parts, this technique has been successfully used to make electroceramic (such as PZT) and metallic (such as stainless steel) parts. As feedstock for the IDC process, filaments loaded with 55 vol% GS-44 Si 3 N4 is being used. For the filament to be used in the IDC process, it must possess a unique combination of physical, rheological and mechanical properties. In this paper, we investigate the role played by some of the process variables on these properties. Our current processing sequence to make filaments is as follows - coating of powders with a surfactant, compounding the ceramic and binder, extrusion into filaments and finally treatment of filaments to achieve requisite properties. The study has resulted in improvements to the quality of the filament which can be used for automated FDC. The effect of moisture, agglomerates and filament aging on FDC will be discussed.


Background: Probe4Cronobacter test kit is based on the use of a fluorescence-labeled peptide nucleic acid probe (PNA) allied to fluorescence microscopy. A sample is taken after a 24 h enrichment of rehydrated 30 g portions of powdered infant formula (PIF). The method uses ready to use dropper solutions applied directly in the sample. This simple process takes less than 2 h to provide a result. In the presence of Cronobacter species, bright red rod-shaped cells will be visible under a fluorescence microscope. Objective: Probe4Cronobacter validation as a new method for the detection Cronobacter species in Powdered Infant Formula (PIF) under the AOAC Performance Tested MethodsSM (License No. 081702). Methods: The validation study encompassed matrix comparison study, inclusivity and exclusivity testing and robustness studies (stability, kit variation, and ruggedness). Results: The inclusivity and exclusivity testing (50 and 35 strains, respectively) yielded no false negative or false positive results. Probe4Cronobacter was compared to the ISO/TS 22964:2006 in 30 g of PIF samples within method comparison in an unpaired study. A total of 30 samples with both low and high level of inoculation were analyzed by Probe4Cronobacter and compared to the same number of samples screened by ISO/TS 22964:2006. No statistically significant differences between presumptive and confirmed results or between candidate and reference method results were observed. Robustness studies showed a high level of consistency and integrity of the kit when different parameters were varied. The deviation conditions tested did not affect the performance of the kit. Conclusions: Probe4Cronobacter test kit has shown to be a accurate, highly sensitive and robust methods for the detection of Cronobacter spp. in PIF samples.


Conceptual model of sustainable development is comprehended as consensus of human, social, economic, technological, cultural development and protection sanation and advance of environment, as well as protection initial natural inheritance and basic eco-systems. It is impossible to separate particular segments of development because sustainable (optimal) development has sensed only if it has been observe as integral unit. Indicators of sustainable development are applied on the example of Raska region.


8 Abstract We use H α imaging spectroscopy taken via the Swedish 1 m Solar Telescope to investigate the occurrence of fan-shaped jets at the solar limb. We show evidence for near-simultaneous photospheric reconnection at a sunspot edge leading to the jets appearance, with upward velocities of 30 km  s − 1 , and extensions up to 8  Mm. The brightening at the base of the jets appears recurrent, with a periodicity matching that of the nearby sunspot penumbra, implying running penumbral waves could be the driver of the jets. The jets ' constant extension velocity implies that a driver counteracting solar gravity exists, possibly as a result of the recurrent reconnection erupting material into the chromosphere. These jets also show signatures in higher temperature lines captured from the Solar Dynamics Observatory , indicating a very hot jet front, leaving behind optically thick cool plasma


Ayurveda is time-tested science of treating disease with natural things like plant, animals and minerals. It remains one of the most ancient and yet living traditions practised widely in India, Sri Lanka and other countries and has a sound philosophical and experiential basis. Plumbago zeylanica is commonly known as white chitraka, belongs to family plumbaginaceae. It is distributed as a weed throughout the tropical and subtropical countries of the world. It is a perennial sub-scandent shrub, grows throughout India, especially in Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, South India and Sri Lanka, in moist places. Traditionally it is used as a stimulant, digestant, expectorant, laxative, abortifacient and in the treatment of muscular pain and rheumatic disease. So the objective of the present review is to highlight the phytochemical and pharmacological information of this plant.


IL-12 and IFN-gamma positively regulate each other and type 1 inflammatory responses, which are believed to cause tissue damage in autoimmune diseases. We investigated the role of the IL-12/IFN-gamma (Th1) axis in the development of autoimmune myocarditis. IL-12p40-deficient mice on a susceptible background resisted myocarditis. In the absence of IL-12, autospecific CD4(+) T cells proliferated poorly and showed increased Th2 cytokine responses. However, IFN-gamma-deficient mice developed fatal autoimmune disease, and blockade of IL-4R signaling did not confer susceptibility to myocarditis in IL-12p40-deficient mice, demonstrating that IL-12 triggers autoimmunity by a mechanism independent of the effector cytokines IFN-gamma and IL-4. In conclusion, our results suggest that the IL-12/IFN-gamma axis is a double-edged sword for the development of autoimmune myocarditis. Although IL-12 mediates disease by induction/expansion of Th1-type cells, IFN-gamma production from these cells limits disease progression.


Aggression and violence among adolescents in the school setting has continued to increase in the past several years. Empathy is related to decreased aggression in adolescents. Teaching empathy and other prosocial skills in school has been shown to decrease aggression. Several researchers have presented curriculum and methods to teach these skills, however violence and aggression continue to occur at high rates in schools in America. Current methods used in schools in America need to be developed with different approaches. The development of a strong sense-of-self, self-esteem and emotion-regulation are needed to support the development of empathy. Secure attachments throughout childhood influence the ability to build empathy and other prosocial skills. Dance Movement Therapy and mindfulness training are two methods that can be integrated with existing practices to teach empathy to adolescents. The use of body, selfawareness, attachment theory, emotional expression and identification in Dance Movement Therapy and Mindfulness, support the development of necessary prosocial skills that prepare adolescents for developing empathy.


The real incidence of the post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) is not known precisely, though of the most part of the variable studies, seems be deduced that it can be established a year after the deep venous thrombosis (DVT) acute of the inferior members in 17% to the 50% of the patients. Inseparably united to the venous hypertension that continues to the development of the incompetence valvular, is accompanied of a series of inflammatory reactions that include the increase in the permeability endothelial, the union of the circulating leukocytes at endothelium, the infiltration by monocytes, lymphocytes and mastocytes of the connective tissue, and the development of infiltrated tissular fibrotics and different molecular markers. To the contrary that in the DVT, we know very little about the factors that increase the risk of suffering a PTS, since the only one identified up until now it is the recurrent DVT. Currently we have different scales standardized for their your clinical diagnosis, though the Echo-Doppler is, currently, the technique not invasive of election to detect, locate and evaluate the venous disability valvular and the venous obstruction chronicle. The modern technical of image: computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR) and isotopics have a promising future, even though are found in validation phase. The phlebothropics drugs are the therapeutic election strategy for the patients with PTS in those which is not indicated the surgery or in those which this is a assisting of the medical treatment. Finally, the deep venous surgery must be reserved for all those patients that suffer from venous insufficiency serious chronicle, with meaningful venous reflux and ambulatory venous hypertension.


Multidigit multiplication is widely used for various applications in recent years, including numerical calculation, chaos arithmetic, and primality testing. Systems with high performance and low energy consumption are demanded, especially for image processing and communications with cryptography using chaos. Karatsuba algorithm with computational complexity of O(n1.58) has been employed in software for multiplication of hundreds to thousands of bits, where n stands for bit-length of operands. In this paper, hardware design of multidigit integer multiplication based on Karatsuba algorithm is described and its VLSI realization is evaluated in terms of the cost, performance, and energy consumption. We present two design choices of the Karatsuba hardware: RKM (Recursive Karatsuba Multiplier) and IKM (Iterative Karatsuba Multiplier). We found that RKM has less area cost than WTM (Wallace Tree Multiplier) for bit-length larger than 29 with area cost of 30mm2. Critical path delay of RKM is always larger than that of WTM. Therefore, we should use WTM as combinational circuits for IKM to have better cost performance. We also found that a version of IKM using 0.18µm process can perform 1024-bit multiplications 30 times faster than software at the area cost of 10.9mm2. Energy for the computation by the IKM version was found to be nearly 1/600 of that consumed by general-purpose processor which executes the software. The results obtained by this study will help system designers for applications requiring multidigit multiplication to select design alternatives including ASIC realization. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(4): 9–20, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10086


Given the growing call for the restoration of the place of entrepreneurship in economic theory, familiarity with the works of Gustav Schmoller would be a great asset for a better understanding of the nature of the enterprise and the role of entrepreneurs. This article examines Schmoller's still-underutilized research, which makes him one of the founding fathers of research in entrepreneurship. It illustrates Schmoller's distinct contextual perspective on entrepreneurship. The most compelling notion is the emphasis on and accentuation of the modern enterprise as a special form of institution that can be characterized by three dimensions: (1) the macroscopic dimension refers to the enterprise as a unitary corporate actor, (2) the microscopic dimension encompasses the organizational structure of the enterprise, and (3) the metascopic dimension describes the institutional link between the organization and society. These three dimensions also shape Schmoller's "psychological-ethical" idea of the entrepreneur as an economic and social actor.


: Chronic constipation is a common condition that significantly impacts health care utilization, productivity, and quality of life. Laxatives are commonly used, although often insufficient in restoring normal bowel function or providing adequate relief. There remains a significant need for the development of novel agents to optimize treatment of this condition. This review provides an overview of the preclinical and clinical trial data, supporting the efficacy and safety of prucalopride, a highly selective 5-HT 4 receptor agonist that has been approved by the European Medicine Agency for the treatment of chronic constipation in adults who have failed standard laxative therapy. Unlike older 5-HT 4 agonists, prucalopride has not been associated with adverse cardiovascular side effects or QT prolongation owing to its high selectivity and affinity for the 5-HT 4 receptor without clinically significant cross-reactivity at the human ether-à-go-go-related gene (hERG) potassium channel or 5-HT receptor subtypes that have previously been implicated in adverse cardiovascular events and arrhythmias. Careful safety assessments have documented the relative safety and tolerability of this agent in various patient groups. Focus has also been placed on demonstrating efficacy with regard to bowel function, symptoms, and patient-reported outcomes such as the Patient Assessment of Constipation-Symptoms and the Patient Assessment of Constipation Quality of Life scores to support the use of prucalopride as a safe and effective therapeutic option for the management of chronic constipation.


ABSTRACT Vegetable oils are an essential part of a healthy and balanced diet and have major economic significance. The type of production, whether performed by extraction with solvents, or by mechanical techniques, significantly influences the quality of the oil and its potential field of use. Occasionally, volatile organic substances, which are considered indicative for an oil that has been produced by solvent extraction, are detected in unrefined vegetable oils. This can have a negative impact on high-quality oil mills and their reputation. The goal of the study was to analyse unrefined oils of different raw materials for such compounds. A previously developed and validated method using headspace gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometry was used for this task. Another aim was to determine the origin of any solvent residues in the vegetable oils and to find ways to avoid them. Complementary measurements by solid phase micro extraction gas chromatography were conducted to compare the results of the measurements to an orthogonal methodology. Multivariate data analysis was used to find correlations between the spectrum of substances in the oil and other parameters like the producer of the oil or the pattern of fatty acids. Graphical Abstract


The United Nations Food Systems Summit (UNFSS) has thrust food systems transformation onto the main stage of international discourse in 2021. As recognised by UN Secretary-General, António Guterres, food systems are at the heart of delivering on all 17 Sustainable Development Goals for people, planet and prosperity. There has been a growing recognition that the global food systems, as currently constructed, are flawed due to the high levels of food and nutrition insecurity, food losses and waste, rising levels of inequalities, health-related challenges, and high levels of environmental degradation arising from unsustainable production systems. This article provides reflections from my own experience as Special Envoy of the UN Secretary-General for the 2021 Food Systems Summit. It articulates the key drivers behind the conceptual shift towards systems thinking to addressing the world's food challenges. The article discusses some of the challenges faced by the global food systems and highlights why a paradigm shift from the traditional narrow focus on production and self-sufficiency to a more holistic and integrated approach is urgently required. The article provides an African perspective to the food systems discourse, highlighting some of the priority actions identified by African stakeholders and articulated in the Africa Common Position to the UNFSS, which sets out Africa's opportunity to turn adversity into opportunity through food systems transformation. The paper outlines some highlights of the Summit, with a view to emphasising the key transformative pathways and crucial next steps that are required at country and regional levels.


Despite a U.S. goal of 'no-net-loss' of wetland structure and function, restoration performance standards are typically based on limited criteria, with soil carbon, nutrient, and microbial criteria being particularly rare. We examined plant community composition, diversity, and various soil functional variables for two different restoration techniques, topsoil-removal and solarization, in wetland prairies in Oregon, USA. We compared three site-level replicates of each treatment to three high-quality remnant wetland prairies. We found significant tradeoffs among diversity, native cover, and ecosystem functioning between restoration treatments. Wetlands with topsoil removed had similar diversity to remnants, but lower productivity, soil carbon and nitrogen, microbial biomass, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal infection rates. Solarization sites had the highest native cover, but diversity was approximately half that of remnant wetlands. We attribute this to both a priority effect of seeded native perennial bunchgrasses establishing early in the restoration process and competitively excluding other species, and to a lack of microtopographic variation in the restored sites. Our results suggest that restoration projects should evaluate both structural and functional processes, since they may reveal tradeoffs among important goals. Mitigation efforts should strive to understand the mechanisms causing these tradeoffs among structure and function and try to minimize these in restoration designs.


Results of scientific research on influence of the high-voltage pulse discharge on process of bioorganic waste methane sludge fermentation in agricultural production are given in the article. Powerful infra- and ultrasonic fluctuations leading to emergence of shock waves exert strong impact on processes: disinfecting, cleanings and deflocculation of bioorganic mix, as well as on activity of various physical and chemical changes of synthesis products. Selecting the modes of high-voltage pulse processing, it is possible to provide highly productive anaerobic bacteria. At the same time "artificial selection" as a result of which weak microorganisms perish is observed, and the strong group remains. Viable species of microorganisms, having received at the order nutrient medium, as a result of destruction and death of weak microorganisms, begin to breed quickly, increasing growth of a biofilm responsible for a biogas exit. For the analysis of experimental data on development of technological process for anaerobic sludge fermentation the method of trans-resonant functional topography which provided informational content of the active environment concerning ions and free radicals arising in the course of modifying the organic substratum was used. Keywords : biogas unit, anaerobic sludge fermentation, electro technology, methanogenesis, pulse discharge, bioorganic waste, water substratum, organic fertilizers, processing, ecology.


Two copper (II) complexes of Quercetin (Q) with metal:ligand stoichiometry ratios of 1:1 and 1:2 were synthesized. The synthesized complexes structures were determined by UV-Vis spectroscopy, Infra-red spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, elemental analyses as well as cyclic voltammetry. The spectroscopic data suggest that the chelation between Q and Copper (II) can occur through a 3-hydroxy-4-carbonyl site. The antioxidant effectiveness and scavenging activity of quercetin and its complexes were evaluated using DPPH method and luminol-hydrogen peroxide chemiluminescence system. The results showed that prepared compounds have strong quenching effects on the chemiluminescence intensity of luminol in the alkaline medium and are efficient in scavenging free radicals produced in this system. Reaction system variables such as luminol, quercetin and their complexes' concentration and various pH of luminol solution were investigated. Stren-Volmer equation was also used to study the kinetics of the luminol reaction system and linear relationship was obtained between CL intensity and the concentration of these compounds in a range of 10-100 mg/L. The Stern–Volmer quenching constant, Kq value in the presence of free quercetin is higher than the complexes, which indicates the fact that complexation with metal ions changes the chemical properties of quercetin and decreases the inhibitory ability and radical scavenging efficiency. The concentration-dependent inhibitory ability of quercetin and copper complexes is attributable to the presence of several hydroxyl groups in their structure that react with superoxide or peroxyl radicals available in luminol-H2O2 system. Our study strongly confirmed the potent radical scavenging property of polyphenolic compounds and their metal complexes.


OBJECT
There has been an increase in civilian gun violence since the late 1980s, with a disproportionately high increase occurring within the pediatric population. To date, no definite treatment paradigm exists for the management of these patients, nor is there a full understanding of the predictors of favorable clinical outcome in this population.

METHODS
The authors completed a retrospective review of all victims of intracranial gunshot injury from birth to age 18 years at a major metropolitan Level 1 trauma center (n = 48) from 2002 to 2011. The predictive values of widely accepted adult clinical and radiographic factors for poor prognosis were investigated.

RESULTS
Eight statistically significant factors (p < 0.05) for favorable outcome were identified. These factors include single hemispheric involvement, absence of a transventricular trajectory, < 3 lobes involved, ≥ 1 reactive pupil on arrival, systolic blood pressure > 100 mm Hg on arrival, absence of deep nuclei and/or third ventricular involvement, initial ICP < 30 mm Hg when monitored, and absence of midline shift. Of these 8 factors, 5 were strong predictors of favorable clinical outcome as defined by Glasgow Outcome Scale score of 4 or 5. These predictive factors included absence of a transventricular trajectory, < 3 lobes involved, ≥ 1 reactive pupil on arrival, absence of deep nuclei and/or third ventricular involvement, and initial ICP < 30 mm Hg. These findings form the basis of the St. Louis Scale for Pediatric Gunshot Wounds to the Head, a novel metric to inform treatment decisions for pediatric patients who sustain these devastating injuries.

CONCLUSIONS
The pediatric population tends to demonstrate more favorable outcomes following intracranial gunshot injury when compared with the adult population; therefore some patients may benefit from more aggressive treatment than is considered for adults. The St. Louis Scale for Pediatric Gunshot Wounds to the Head may provide critical data toward evidence-based guidelines for clinical decision making.


Reliability and timeliness are two essential requirements of successful detection of critical events in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The base station (BS) is particularly interested about reliable and timely collection of data sent by the nodes close to the ongoing event, and at that time, the data sent by other nodes have little importance. In this paper, we propose Congestion and Delay Aware Routing (CODAR) protocol that tries to route data in congestion and delay aware manners. If congestion occurs, it also mitigates congestion by utilizing an accurate data-rate adjustment. Each node collects control information from neighbours and works in a distributed manner. CODAR also puts emphasis on successful collection of these control information which eventually provides desirable performance. Experimental results show that CODAR is capable of avoiding and mitigating congestion effectively, and performs better than similar known techniques in terms of reliable and timely event detection.


OF THESIS IMPLEMENTATION AND VALIDATION OF THE HYBRID TURBULENCE MODELS IN AN UNSTRUCTURED GRID CODE Since its introduction in 1997, the use of Detached Eddy Simulation (DES) and similar hybrid turbulence techniques has become increasingly popular in the field of CFD. However, with increased use some of the limitations of the DES model have become apparent. One of these is the dependence of DES on grid construction, particularly regarding the point of transition between the Reynolds-Averaged NavierStokes and Large Eddy Simulation models. An additional issue that arises with unstructured grids is the definition of the grid spacing in the implementation of a DES length scale. To lay the ground work to study these effects the Spalart-Allmaras oneequation turbulence model, SA based DES hybrid turbulence model, and the Scale Adaptive Simulation hybrid turbulence model are implemented in an unstructured grid CFD code, UNCLE. The implemented SA based DES model is validated for flow over a three-dimensional circular cylinder for three different turbulent Reynolds numbers. Validation included studying the pressure, skin friction coefficient, centerline velocity distributions averaged in time and space. Tools to output the mean velocity profiles and Reynolds stresses were developed. A grid generation code was written to generate a two/three dimensional circular cylinder grid to simulate flow over the cylinder in UNCLE. The models implemented and validated, and the additional tools mentioned will be used in the future.


Some aspects of eco-physiology were examined for one cocoon forming (Cyclorana australis) and two non-cocoon forming frogs (Litoria caerulea and Litoria dahlia) that inhabit the wet-dry tropics. Seasonal ecology was examined to measure species' activity and field body temperatures. Precipitation was a good predictor of frog activity. Species were most active in the wet season and least active during seasonal dry conditions. Cyclorana australis were dormant for seven months, and their body temperature varied little among seasons. However, L. caerulea and L. dahlii were generally active year-round, and their body temperatures varied among seasons. The digestive function and gastrointestinal flexibility of frogs was measured as a consequence of seasonal activity. Cyclorana australis ingested three and four fold more energy in the wet season than L. caerulea and L. dahlii, respectively, but ingested none when dormant, whereas L. caerulea and L. dahlii generally ingested energy year-round. Respiratory physiology was measured to examine for any seasonal changes in energy metabolism. Wet and dry season daily energy flow models were constructed based on those respiratory measurements and on estimated energy ingested in the field. Cyclorana australis incurred an energy deficit when dormant. However, the large amount of energy ingested in the wet season compensated for the dry season deficit. Furthermore, C. australis reduced the deficit by depressing energy metabolism to 35% of normal resting levels. Some of this reduction may have resulted from the significant down-regulation of the gastrointestinal tract. Cellular changes in the villi, specifically enterocyte volume, contributed to significant differences between wet season and dormant frogs. Litoria caerulea and L. dahlii ingested less energy in the dry than in the wet season, but the lower energy intake was offset by reduced energy expenditure. For these two species, expenditure was reduced as a consequence of low dry season body temperatures on respiratory metabolism, rather than metabolic depression.


In principle, flame photometry measures substance concentration, and ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) measure ion activity. However, the situation regarding the comparison of results from the two techniques when applied to blood plasma is complex. The problem can be approached experimentally from the point of view of calibration of ion-selective electrodes with concentration calibrators, and similar procedures are adopted for commercial ISE-based clinical analysers. Nevertheless, there is interest in the evaluation of single ion activities in blood plasma and solutions simulating its ionic composition. Solutions are proposed for calibrating ion-selective electrodes for the determination of sodium, potassium and calcium. It is recommended that the values for single ion activities derived from the Pitzer treatment of mixed electrolyte solutions be adopted, because, although this has some empirical features, it has a sounder theoretical basis than the previously used Stokes-Robinson-Bates hydration approach.


The reform of corporate and business taxation is central to current tax policy debates in the United States. This paper provides a framework for analyzing reform proposals by describing the lessons from current economic research for business tax reform, addressing both international and domestic reforms within a unified perspective. The paper begins by identifying ten potential inefficiencies created by the current corporate tax regime. It then discusses three classes of reform proposals. The first involves a substantially lower corporate tax rate and a territorial regime. The second is a formula apportionment system. The third category includes a destination-based cash flow tax. The paper evaluates each of these proposals in the light of the framework introduced earlier. It concludes that the relatively modest reforms currently under discussion would address only a few of these margins. In contrast, more fundamental reforms would eliminate all or most of the inefficiencies of corporate taxation.


The plantaris tendon was used to reconstruct the torn lateral ligaments in the ankles of nine patients in whom surgical repair of the ligaments was not feasible. All of these patients were followed for more than two years and were able to return to their preoperative occupational and athletic activities. The use of the plantaris tendon permits an anatomical reconstruction of the lateral ligaments and, unlike previously described procedures, avoids sacrificing the dynamic effect of the peroneus brevis muscle in preventing inversion of the foot.


The article builds a simple model to investigate how different types of armed conflict shape fiscal capacity: the state's ability to raise revenue from taxes. It starts from the simple observation that external war tends to generate common interests across groups in society, whereas internal, civil war entails deep conflicting interests across groups. Our model predicts that--compared to a society without conflict--civil wars lead to smaller investments in fiscal capacity, whereas prospects of external war generally lead to larger investments. Correlations in international data on conflicts and taxation are, by and large, consistent with these predictions. (JEL: H10, N40, O10) (c) 2008 by the European Economic Association.


AIMS
The aim of this study was to compare the strut coverage of the XIENCE stent with that of the BuMA Supreme sirolimus-eluting cobalt-chromium stent, which has a shorter drug elution, on optical coherence tomography (OCT) one or two months after implantation.

METHODS AND RESULTS
The PIONEER-II OCT trial was a multicentre, two-arm randomised trial, which comprised two cohorts: cohort-1 underwent an OCT imaging one month after coronary intervention (BuMA: 16 patients with 18 lesions, XIENCE: 15 patients with 17 lesions), whereas cohort-2 underwent OCT at two months (BuMA: 21 patients with 21 lesions, XIENCE: 23 patients with 28 lesions). The primary hypotheses were non-inferiority of the BuMA stent to the XIENCE stent in percent strut coverage at one month (cohort-1) or two months (cohort-2). In cohort-1, the BuMA stent was non-inferior to the XIENCE stent in terms of the strut coverage (83.8±10.4% for BuMA vs. 73.0±17.5% for XIENCE, pfor noninferiority <0.001), and was also significantly higher than the XIENCE (pfor superiority 0.037). In cohort-2, the BuMA stent was non-inferior to the XIENCE stent in OCT strut coverage (80.3±18.3% vs. 73.3±21.3%, pfor noninferiority 0.006, pfor superiority 0.24). Healing scores showed better healing in the BuMA stent in cohort-1 (32.36±21.59 vs. 54.88±34.65, p=0.027), whereas there was comparable healing between the BuMA and XIENCE stents in cohort-2 (39.86±37.77 vs. 53.75±42.84, p=0.25).

CONCLUSIONS
The BuMA Supreme had a faster coverage than the XIENCE at one month, presumably due to faster and shorter sirolimus elution. The difference in tissue coverage became less evident at two months.


The existing power delivery system is vulnerable to both natural disasters and intentional attack. A successful terrorist attempt to disrupt the power delivery system could have adverse effects on national security, the economy, and the lives of every citizen. Secure and reliable operation of the electric system is fundamental to national and international economic systems, security, and quality of life.


As in other parts of the world, the indigenous people of Jharkhand hold important context-relevant knowledge and strategies for addressing dwindling natural resources base and climate change. The paper documents some of the collective wealth of indigenous knowledge related to agricultural practices, including land preparation/ manuring/ soil treatment, cropping systems, input management, water resource management and utilization, and soil and water conservation practices, used especially by tribal farmers of the region. Related research and policy issues essential for successful amalgamation of such indigenous knowledge in resource conservation and climate change adaptation are also discussed. It concludes that the indigenous knowledge will help to address food and nutritional security in the face of climate change.