In Aotearoa New Zealand, teen pregnancy is associated with social disadvantage and being 'Māori'. Research on teen motherhood typically focuses on 'risks' and 'dangers', such as lower educational attainment and welfare 'dependency'. These images cast young Māori mothers as abnormal and deviant – as perpetually deficit. Hence, public (and public service) perceptions of these women are often negative. This study displaces the deficit lens, and explores the lived realities of fifteen young (teen) Māori mothers, and the perspectives of their whānau. The purpose of this research was to understand the life circumstances of young Māori mothers, to examine the role of the state in their lives, and to make suggestions for service improvements. It draws on data from the E Hine study (Women's Health Research Centre, Otago University, Wellington). Young mothers participating in E Hine were interviewed three to seven times over a three-year period, with up to two whānau interviews conducted for each young woman. The data set for this thesis, comprising of fifteen young Māori mothers and their whānau, totalled eighty-four in-depth, semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was thematic, and was informed by Foucault's concepts of the medical and disciplinary gazes, and postcolonial notions of the colonial gaze. The research suggests that public health and social services, as well as public perceptions, seek to regulate these young women according to Eurocentric conceptions of normality; and in doing so, stigmatize and disengage them, thus creating barriers to positive outcomes. Despite this, these young mothers resist disempowerment, and hope for a better future for themselves and their whānau. Their stories are a testament to the fact that being young and Māori and mothering does not equate to failure. By treating young Māori mothers with respect and empathy, support services could be improved.


Objectives: While the Caesarean section (CS) rate is increasing in most Western countries, the gynaecological side effects of this procedure are poorly studied. Recently, some attention has been given to the presence of a niche at the site of a Caesarean scar. A niche is defined as a triangular, anechoic area at the presumed site of incision. The main purpose of the SECURE-study (Scar Evaluation after Caesarean by Ultrasound REgistry) was to assess the prevalence and appearance of a niche, and to evaluate the relation with abnormal uterine bleeding. Methods: An observational prospective cohort study was performed between October 2007 and May 2009. All 225 women were consecutively included and examined with two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) gel instillation sonohysterography (GIS) 6 to 12 months after CS to detect a niche. A questionnaire about the menstrual cycle was completed and women were asked to keep record of their bleeding pattern for a period of 2 cycles. As part of the follow up, the questionnaire will be repeated every year for the next 5 years. Results: The presence of a niche could be demonstrated with GIS in 117 (56%) out of 209 women. In 16 women distension was insufficient for accurate assessment. Most niches had a semicircular (50%) or a triangular shape (32%). Examples of different types of niches (2D/3D) will be shown. The prevalence of postmenstrual spotting was 34% in the group of women with a niche compared to 15% in the group without a niche (P = 0.002). Conclusions: A niche can be seen in 56% of women with a Caesarean scar, and mostly has a semicircular or triangular shape. Postmenstrual spotting is significantly associated with the presence of a niche.


INTRODUCTION
the main objectives of weight-loss interventions are to decrease fat mass while maintaining fatfree mass.

OBJECTIVE
our aim was to address effectiveness body composition changes in overweight adolescents assessed by different body composition methods following an obesity intervention programme.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
the life-style intervention was multi-disciplinary, with 13 months follow-up. Participants were 13-to-16 year-old overweight, or obese, Spanish adolescents. The adolescents (n = 156; 54.8% females) had body composition measured with anthropometry, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and air-displacement plethysmography. All measurements were made at baseline, and after 2- and 13-months. Repeated measures analysis of covariance to compare mean anthropometric changes over time and the Bonferroni correction were applied. Imputation of anthropometric measures was performed.

RESULTS
a high significant decrease in fat mass index was achieved in males after 2-and 13-months of intervention as measured by anthropometry (1.16 and 1.56 kg / m2, respectively), X-ray absorptiometry (1.51 and 1.91 kg / m2) and plethysmography (2.13 and 2.44 kg/m2). Moreover, a short and long-term maintenance of fat-and fat-free mass index was observed by X-ray absorptiometry in females (0.94 and 0.68 kg/m2).

CONCLUSION
our multidisciplinary approach to lifestyle intervention has a favourable impact on body fat mass and fat-free mass index as well as waist-to-height ratio, over 13 months intervention in overweight and obese adolescents.


In a search for a reproducible means of evoking different types of emotional stress it was found that in spite of increased adrenaline secretion slowing of the heart occurred when watching violent television programmes. Further evidence of increased vagal tone was provided by the "sinus arrhythmia" effect, a widening of the gap between the maximum and minimum heart rates during the respiratory cycle in parts of the humour, violence, and suspense sections of the television programme. Groups of people taken to see two particularly violent films showed similar evidence suggesting vagal overactivity, together with increases in plasma free fatty acids and decreases in triglycerides. As these changes occurred even with β-blockade it is suggested that they might be caused by non-sympathetically mediated changes in the levels of hormones, such as growth hormone, producing lipolysis. The ability to assess objectively an individual's reaction to viewing violence might make it possible to judge the likely social impact of violent films and television programmes.


For preventive diagnosis of HV equipment, different measuring procedures are in use, such as the detection and analysis of PD phenomena as well as the measurement of the capacitance and loss factor. The paper reports on the integration of such different measuring systems to a common, compact and computer based device. This offers for the first time the possibility of a simultaneous measurement of both impedance-parameters of HV insulation and partial discharges. PD faults can be located simultaneously. For analyzing characteristic PD types, a database expert system is integrated. So the global insulation condition can be assessed in a complex manner.


The exponentially growing Internet of Things (IoT) market presents compelling opportunities for innovators to develop and create meaningful applications affecting everyday life. This shifting IoT paradigm is placing new demands on educational institutions to train students with IoT-relevant skills. Numerous education researchers continue to document the implementation of IoT-based curriculum, pedagogy, and assessment techniques for STEM education. In this paper, we systematically reviewed this literature and identified 60 journal articles and conference papers that have reported implementing IoT curriculum and associated instructional approaches, educational technologies, and assessment strategies for K-12 and university students. The curriculum, pedagogy, and assessment strategies presented in these studies were analyzed in the context of the sensing, networking, services, and interface layers of the IoT technology paradigm. The review identifies best educational practices and synthesizes actionable strategies for educators to implement effective IoT learning experiences for students. These strategies leverage low-cost IoT hardware, open-source IoT software, active learning-based instructional approaches, and direct/indirect assessment methods. As IoT education becomes increasingly pervasive, the review and strategies provided in this paper may serve as a guide for future educational efforts.


Mobile devices are rapidly gaining popularity. There is an increasing demand for individuals who can develop quality mobile websites and applications. In the world of mobile, the most important consideration is the end user. Who is the application or mobile website trying to target and what do they want? This study was designed to determine what users value and whether current developers are accurately reflecting these values. Determining this was accomplished through surveys of mobile users, interviews with mobile web developers, and analysis of successful websites and apps through case studies. The survey included questions to determine what qualities mobile users find valuable. The interviews with mobile developers determined what qualities web developers value when designing, and whether the end user is a significant determinant for design. Lastly, an analysis of top mobile websites and apps searched for trends in successful site and app design based on user responses. The study found that users rarely utilize their web browser, preferring native applications to a mobile web site. Simple, intuitive, and clear navigation and layouts are preferred by users. Web developers seem to recognize the importance of the end user and often place themselves in the shoes of the user to determine design. Speed and responsiveness are important considerations for developers. Often, the client inhibits efficient design, but can be swayed when the benefits of a more usable app are explained. The most important consideration for a developer is following the current standards of design.


Abstract:The first systematic ploughzone survey undertaken in County Galway was instigated in order to place in context a high density of stone axes found in the Tawin/Maree area in the parish of Ballynacourty, Inner Galway Bay. In the early twentieth century the first finds of axes from this area were reported to the National Museum, eventually resulting in 139 axes being recorded from a small area with a complementary concentration of Neolithic and Bronze Age monuments—this area formed part of Mahr's (1937) thesis on the Riverford Culture. However, while numerous stone axes were noted, no other prehistoric material culture was apparent. This paper presents the systematic ploughzone survey which resulted in the collection of a chert-dominated assemblage of 800 lithics. This assemblage, dating primarily to the Neolithic and Bronze Age but with evidence for Later Mesolithic activity as well, contributes to our understandings of the prehistoric coastal communities in the mid-west of Ireland, highlighting the importance of chert and the bipolar technique in the Irish lithic technological traditions, and reaffirming the pivotal role the coast and its environs played in prehistory.


This study aimed to review the scope of overuse injury prevention programs in young players through the lens of application of motor learning principles. From 280 studies found in the initial search, 13 studies were selected based on a series of inclusion criteria. The selected studies were categorized based on the type of intervention resulting in multicomponent (two studies), Fédération Internationale de Football Association 11+ (five studies), neuromuscular training (two studies), Fédération Internationale de Football Association Medical Assessment and Research Center (two studies), educational (one study), and stability (one study). The studies that had an effective preventative role to reduce overuse injuries applied some principles of motor learning to their intervention, such as contextual interference, variability of practice, task constraints, the power law of practice, transfer of learning, and explicit methods. There is a gap in the literature related to explicit applications of motor learning principles in the design of preventative interventions for overuse injury.


This is an excellent summary of the methods used in Latin epigraphy on non-Christian texts. After chapters on the methods of recording inscriptions, the Latin alphabet, personal names, the cursus honorum, and imperial titles, B. describes the main classes of text: epitaphs, dedications, honorific and building inscriptions, and some items from the instrumentum domesticum. He translates the texts which he quotes and enables non-specialist readers to appreciate the scope of this essential auxiliary to ancient history. Novices will find the chapter on the cursus honorum particularly useful and can use the book as an introduction to Cagnat Cours d'epigraphie latine. As many abbreviations are expanded and explained, it is a pity that B. has not given an index of them with page-references. The chapter on religious dedications under the Empire is confined to a tribute to Cumont's work on Mithras and the subsequent studies by A. H. Kan and P. Merlat on Iuppiter Dolichenus. Other deities pass unmentioned, whether part of the classical Pantheon or from the East or the Celtic and Germanic areas. It is disappointing to find that, in a book devoting a chapter to the Latin alphabet, the author wrongly uses the post-classical letter J in transcribing the Latin, except for a diploma on p. 92. The claim that nearly all the oculist-stamps have been found in France is too sweeping ; of those recorded in CIL xm the proportion, though high, is no more than seven-tenths. For general purposes the forms aquaeductus and stlitibus should be used instead of aqueductus and stilitibus. On p. 102 the termination of sfragis should not be bracketed, and the initial S has been regarded, not as missing, but as ligatured to the F. The misprints sandidatus and proconculis on p. 40 are obvious, and in some footnotes Ritschl lacks the terminal letter.


"Bonapartists in the Borderlands" recounts how Napoleonic exiles and French refugees from Europe and the Caribbean joined forces with Latin American insurgents, Gulf pirates, and international adventures to seek their fortune in the Gulf borderlands. The U.S. Congress welcomed the French to America and granted them a large tract of rich Black Belt land near Demopolis, Alabama, on the condition that they would establish a Mediterranean-style Vine and Olive colony. This book debunks the standard account of the colony, which stresses the failure of the aristocratic, luxury-loving French to tame the wilderness. Instead, it shows that the Napoleonic officers involved in the colony sold their land shares to speculators to finance an even more perilous adventure - invading the contested Texas borderlands between Spain and the U.S. Their departure left the Vine and Olive colony in the hands of French refugees from the Haitian slave revolt. While they soon abandoned vine cultivation, they successfully recast themselves as prosperous, slaveholding cotton growers and gradually fused into a new elite with newly-arrived Anglo-American planters. Rafe Blaufarb examines the underlying motivations and aims that inspired this endeavor and details the nitty-gritty politics, economics, and backroom bargaining that resulted in the settlement. He employs a wide variety of local, national, and international resources: from documents held by the Alabama State Archives, Marengo County court records, and French-language newspapers published in America to material from the War Ministry Archives at Vincennes, the Diplomatic Archives at the Quai d'Orsay, and the French National Archives.


RATIONALE
An attempt is made to review the different surgical procedures for the treatment of the ocular refraction defects and their organs. Special emphasis is placed on the advantages and disadvantages of them, their principal indications and present situation in the surgeon's strategy when solving the problems which, in practice, are caused by these defects, as well as the possibilities that are being tested to solve the problems that presently have not satisfactory response.

METHODOLOGY
In addition to analyzing the bibliography, the procedures used by the author and his or her opinion on them, an attempt is made to group them based on the objective on which the intervention is centered to obtain the result desired.

COMMENTARY
Both the accuracy of the procedures as well as the complications that are presently derived from this surgery are discussed. Reasonable limits of each procedures, the reasons that make it obligatory to discontinue some of them and the problems that must be solved in the future to up-date each one of the techniques presently in use are commented on.


The traditional TCP congestion control mechanism encounters a number of new problems and suffers a poor performance when the IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol is used in multihop ad hoc networks. Many of the problems result from medium contention at the MAC layer. In this paper, I first illustrate that severe medium contention and congestion are intimately coupled, and TCP s congestion control algorithm becomes too coarse in its granularity, causing throughput instability and excessively long delay. Further, we illustrate TCP s severe unfairness problem due to the medium contention and the tradeoff between aggregate throughput and fairness. Then, based on the novel use of channel busyness ratio, a more accurate metric to characterize the network utilization and congestion status, I propose a new wireless congestion control protocol (WCCP) to efficiently and fairly support the transport service in multihop ad hoc networks. In this protocol, each forwarding node along a traffic flow exercises the internode and intranode fair resource allocation and determines the MAC layer feedback accordingly. The endtoend feedback, which is ultimately determined by the bottleneck node along the flow, is carried back to the source to control its sending rate. Extensive simulations show that WCCP significantly outperforms traditional TCP in terms of channel utilization, delay, and fairness, and eliminates the starvation problem.


Empirical evidence suggests that planning policies significantly impact on investment property market performance in the UK. It is less clear, however, how information about the planning policy environment feeds into investment decision-making. This paper seeks to explore this issue. It reports on interviews with the property investment community and focuses on the decision to invest in the retail sector. The paper uses a six-stage model of the investment decision-making process as a framework for analysing the way in which concerns about policy impact on behaviour. The results suggest that an understanding of the policy environment and the development of a relationship with local planning authorities are most important in the post-acquisition asset management stage of the investment process. The research also reveals variations in access to policy intelligence and that approaches to analysis of the likely effects of planning regimes vary with fund type and strategy.


This volume provides an challenging and controversial explanation of the recent events in Russia. It examines the causes, processes, and consequences of Russia's recent political development. Drawing on, and criticizing the existing literature, the book also shows how the recent Russian experience casts light on general theories of revolution and comparative political developments. The transformation in Russia is usually compared with transformations in other post-communist countries. The authors argue that the Russian transformation should be explained in the logic of the great revolutions of the past such as the English Civil War, the French Revolution, and the Bolshevik Revolution. The difficulties and inconsistency of Russian reforms are usually explained as a result of mistakes made by reformers. This book argues, however, that these problems should be considered as a natural consequence of the 'weak state'. In revolution the weakness of state power is inevitable (resulting from social fragmentation, property rights transformation, changes in the interests of different social groups). Hence, the authors argue that most of the transitional problems in Russia were unavoidable. The authors go on to argue that revolutions are usually considered as rapid change made through violence. However, the spontaneous character of change in the situation of a weak state is a much more important feature of any revolution than violence. The book contains unique interviews with four leaders of the Russian transformation - Mikhail Gorbachev, Alexander Yakovlev, Yegor Gaidar, and Gennadii Burbulis - as well as the personal experience of the authors, who were deeply involved in the practical process of Russian transformation.


The success reported for the treatment of superficial skin carcinomas by topical photodynamic therapy (PDT). following exongenous application of the photosensitiser precursor 5-aniinolaevulinic acid (ALA)', has therapeutic implications for the treatment of other skin disorders. This paper describes the accumulation of the sensitising agent protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) in areas of psoriatic plaque, by monitoring the fluorescence emission. Using a purpose-built fibre-optic fluorescence spectrometer, with low-intensity excitation at 488 nm, 10 patients, with a total of 2S plaques have been studied. We applied 20% ALA in Unguentum Merck in quantities of 12.5, 25 or 50 mg cm"^ to an area of 2 cm^ within each psoriatic plaque, some of which were under plastic occlusion (Tegaderm).


Local agencies that enforce housing policies can partner with the health care system to target pediatric asthma care. These agencies retain data that can be used to pinpoint potential clusters of high asthma morbidity. We sought to assess whether the density of housing code violations in census tracts-the in-tract asthma-relevant violations (such as the presence of mold or cockroaches) divided by the number of housing units-was associated with population-level asthma morbidity and could be used to predict a hospitalized patient's risk of subsequent morbidity. We found that increased density in housing code violations was associated with population-level morbidity independent of poverty, and that the density explained 22 percent of the variation in rates of asthma-related emergency department visits and hospitalizations. Children who had been hospitalized for asthma had 1.84 greater odds of a revisit to the emergency department or a rehospitalization within twelve months if they lived in the highest quartile of housing code violation tracts, compared to those living in the lowest quartile. Integrating housing and health data could highlight at-risk areas and patients for targeted interventions.


Even though writing as a language skill takes a back seat especially with reference to the natural order hypothesis, appreciation of writing in academic settings propel learners to challenge the validity of this order. It is not surprising therefore that writing deserves a higher priority in academic settings due much to its immediate practical application in a variety of academic tasks such as examination questions, essays, research reports, dissertation thesis and so on. In line with this constant practice with writing, English majoring students are quite usually subject to production of texts in the academic essay genre and desire to position themselves in academic discourse community through following the desired academic conventions. However, a considerable number of students fail to achieve the desired proficiency; cultural variations intrude into the language classrooms and differences in meaning learners attach to the writing activities are evident, which makes it necessary to explore students' perceptions from academic writing courses. To this end, questionnaires on students' writing efficacy were distributed to the freshman students enrolled in Academic Writing class, and interviews were carried out to have a broader understanding of the expectations from the course. Data from the questionnaire were analyzed using the SPSS and content analysis was employed to analyze the interviews.


We present a simplified model for dynamical diffraction of particles through a periodic thick perfect crystal based on repeated application of a coherent beam splitting unitary at coarse-grained lattice sites. By demanding translational invariance and a computationally tractable number of sites in the coarse-graining we show how this approach reproduces many results typical of dynamical diffraction theory and experiments. This approach has the benefit of being applicable in the thick, thin, and intermediate crystal regimes. The method is applied to a three-blade neutron interferometer to predict the output beam profiles, interference patterns, and contrast variation.


A 64-year old patient was admitted to our hospital one year after renal transplantation. He complained about headache, cough and fever. Blood cultures revealed Nocardia nova. Because of disseminated disease, he was treated with both co-trimoxazol and meropenem. Eight days later, his condition worsened. A CT-thorax was performed which showed large mediastinal masses and compression of vena cava superior and right atrium. The same evening, he underwent a thoracotomy because of haemodynamic instability. The aspirated pus again showed Nocardia nova. He recovered but developed pleural effusion and again this was positive for Nocardia nova. Both meronem and co-trimoxazol were continued. Six months after diagnosis, he was admitted because of gastro-intestinal bleeding and a mycobacterium species was found in gastric and duodenal biopsies. He was started on claritromycine and myambutol, but developed renal failure. Ten months after diagnosis of disseminated Nocardiosis, he died because of worsening condition and renal failure. No post-mortem examination was performed.Revision of literature showed no other reports of hemodynamic instability by Nocardia-abscesses or compression on vena cava or right atrium.


Abstract A multicenter Korean Prostate Cancer Database (K-CaP) has been established to provide information regarding Korean patients with prostate cancer (PCa). We used the K-CaP registry to investigate the value of age and comorbidity for predicting cancer-specific mortality (CSM) and other-cause mortality (OCM) according to risk grouping. The K-CaP registry includes 2253 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) between May 2001 and April 2013 at 5 institutions. Preoperative clinicopathologic data were collected and stratified according to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network risk criteria. Survival was evaluated using Gray's modified log-rank test according to risk category, age (<70 years vs ≥70 years), and Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) (0 vs ≥1). The median follow-up was 55.0 months (interquartile range: 42.0–70.0 months). Competing-risk regression analysis revealed that, independent of CCI, ≥70-year-old high-risk patients had significantly greater CSM than <70-year-old high-risk patients (P = .019). However, <70-year-old high-risk patients with a CCI of ≥1 had similar CSM relative to ≥70-year-old patients. Survival was not affected by age or CCI among low-risk or intermediate-risk patients. Multivariate analysis revealed that a CCI of ≥1 was independently associated with a higher risk of CSM (P = .003), while an age of ≥70 years was independently associated with a higher risk of OCM (P = .005). Age and comorbidity were associated with survival after RP among patients with high-risk PCa, although these associations were not observed among low-risk or intermediate-risk patients. Therefore, older patients with high-risk diseases and greater comorbidity may require alternative multidisciplinary treatment.


Telemedicine is a rapidly developing application of clinical medicine in which medical information is transferred via the Internet or another communication network for the purpose of consultations, and sometimes also for remote medical procedures or examinations. A telemedicine system can also be applied to medical education. Many doctors and medical students could benefit from telementoring and tele-education based on videoconferencing systems.

 In the present book, fifteen typical literatures about Telemedicine System and Network published on international authoritative journals were selected to introduce the worldwide newest progress, which contains reviews or original researches on Telemedicine in pre-hospital care, the uneven utilization of telemedicine, Adoption of routine telemedicine, etc. We hope this book can demonstrate advances in Telemedicine System and Network as well as give references to the researchers, students and other related people.


In this essay Dr Valter Rukavina (Rijeka 1896-1972), excellent specialist in infectious diseases and professor of the Rijeka University School of Medicine, is presented as successful amateur painter. He had been refining his talent through relentless practice since the school days, complementing it with skills and advice from established painters he associated with. He favoured figurative, realistic and somewhat romantic expression for his themes such as coastal landscapes, marinas, Quarnero sceneries, still life in tempera or oil, and drawings in ink or sepia. Despite partial colour blindness, he successfully used colour. He featured in a number of group exhibitions such as that of amateur painters of Rijeka in 1950, of painters physicians of Yugoslavia (Zagreb, 1956), in the Second International Exhibition of Contemporary Art (Florence, 1964), exhibition of the Rijeka branch of the Croatian Association of Visual Artists (Belgrade, 1966), and the 1969 exhibition in Opatija. His native city hosted two one-man exhibitions, the first retrospective in 1971, while he was still alive, and the second posthumous in 2007, with a good selection of his life's work.


This article explores the trajectories of the first Colombian women economists. It sheds light on how differences between women's and men's experiences structured the process of becoming and working as economists and more generally the professional development of economics in the country. The article focuses on the trajectories of five women who graduated between the 1950s and the early 1970s and who had exceptionally successful careers. It shows how the late professionalization of economics in Colombia and access to international credentials created specific opportunities and challenges for women economists. During their professional trajectory, the group of women who constitute the focus group of this article resorted to a mix of professional strategies, which included mobilizing resources by securing the support of male figures, such as fathers and mentors; striking a balance between showing an intrepid character and developing a sense of pragmatism; and delegating part of the care and domestic tasks that were expected from them as wives and mothers to other women less endowed with economic, social, and academic capital.


Objective: To investigate influences on participation in diabetes education classes in a low-income, Spanish-speaking, Latino population. Methods: 15 patients from an Oregon clinic participated in semi-structured interviews to understand influences on their participation in diabetes education, and a thematic analysis was conducted. Results: Four themes characterized the data: 1) lack of resources; 2) culture; 3) relationship with diabetes; 4) relationship with the clinic. Barriers to class attendance included: work conflicts and lack of childcare and transportation; shame and lack of interest in health in males; and difficulty contacting participants. Motivators of class attendance included: interest in health for the sake of family; interest in nutrition; effects of diabetes on self, friends, and family; and positive experiences with group support and self-efficacy in class. Conclusion: This study provides important insights into participation in diabetes education in a lowincome, Spanish-speaking, Latino population. Practice implications: To increase diabetes education participation in this population, creative, targeted approaches to DSME classes are needed. These may include: classes that are accessible in terms of finances and time; classes focusing on strong, healthy males, family involvement, celebration of healthy Latino food, group support, and self-efficacy; and the use of trusted, motivated peers to recruit hard-toreach participants. INFLUENCES ON DIABETES EDUCATION PARTICIPATION 3 Influences on diabetes education participation in a low-income, Spanish-speaking, Latino population


The inherent dynamic nature of Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) requires novel mechanisms to support their evolution over their operation life time. Though typically the development of CPS integrates the software (cyber) design with the physical domain, this contribution concentrates mainly on another essential integration plane: The software design level. This paper presents an approach to support the adaptation process of CPS required by their evolution. It is based on the run-time generation of verified system configurations and their analysis to guide the evolution of the system through correct configurations that meet the functional and timing requirements of the new situations. We show its feasibility by presenting and analyzing the results of the execution for a reduced-scale time-sensitive application that employs a complex verification technique to model functional and temporal aspects of the system.


This paper reports comparative experiments with two novel and one conventional thrust control algorithms for the unsteady (transient) control of thrust generated by conventional bladed-propeller marine thrusters. First, comparative experiments with three different thrust control algorithms over a wide range of unsteady operating conditions suggest that model-based control algorithms offer transient thrust-control performance superior to that of their nonmodel-based counterpart. Second, hybrid simulations combining actual real-time experimental thruster responses with simulated one-dimensional real-time vehicle dynamics suggest that model-based thrust control algorithms offer vehicle position control superior to that of its nonmodel-based counterpart.


We evaluated for reliability and reproducibility a semiquantitative gas-chromatographic assay of organic acids in samples of normal urine recovered from absorbent filter paper. We also evaluated this method for use in diagnosis of some of the more common organic acidurias. Transfer of urine from diapers to absorbent filter paper eases the usual trauma of specimen collection from young children; it also simplifies sample storage and shipment.


DnaA initiates chromosome replication in bacteria. In Caulobacter crescentus, the Lon protease degrades DnaA to coordinate replication with nutrient availability and to halt the cell cycle during acute stress. Here we characterize the mechanism of DnaA recognition by Lon. We find that the native folded state of DnaA is crucial for its degradation, in contrast to the well-known role of Lon in degrading misfolded proteins. We fail to identify a single degradation motif (degron) sufficient for DnaA degradation, rather we show that both the ATPase domain and a species-specific N-terminal motif are important for productive Lon degradation of DnaA. Mutations in either of these determinants disrupt DnaA degradation in vitro and in vivo. DnaA switches from an inactive to active state depending on its nucleotide state and we find that locking DnaA in an active state inhibits degradation. Our working model is that Lon engages DnaA through at least two elements, one of which anchors DnaA to Lon and the other acting as an initiation site for degradation.


Despite aspirations to be a world-class national curriculum, the Australian Curriculum (AC) has been criticised as 'manifestly deficient' (Australian Government Department of Education and Training, 2014 p. 5) as an inclusive curriculum, failing to meet the needs of all students with disabilities (SWD) and their teachers. There is a need for research into the daily attempts of educators to navigate the tension between a 'top-down' system-wide curriculum and a 'bottom-up' regard for individual student needs, with a view to informing both policy and practice. This article is the first of two research papers in which we report the findings from a national online Research in Special Education (RISE) Australian Curriculum Survey of special educators in special schools, classes, and units regarding their experience using the AC to plan for and teach SWD. Survey results indicated (a) inconsistent use of the AC as the primary basis for developing learning objectives and designing learning experiences, (b) infrequent use of the achievement standards to support assessment and reporting, and (c) considerable supplementation of the AC from other resources when educating SWD. Overall, participants expressed a lack of confidence in translating the AC framework into a meaningful curriculum for SWD. Implications for policy, practice, and future research are discussed.


ABSTRACT: Objectives: To describe the incidence and pattern of traumatic spinal cord injury and cauda equina injury (SCI) in a geographically defined region of Canada. Methods: The study period was April 1, 1997 to March 31, 2000. Data were gathered from three provincial sources: administrative data from the Alberta Ministry of Health and Wellness, records from the Alberta Trauma Registry, and death certificates from the Office of the Medical Examiner. Results: From all three data sources, 450 cases of SCI were identified. Of these, 71 (15.8%) died prior to hospitalization. The annual incidence rate was 52.5/million population (95% CI: 47.7, 57.4). For those who survived to hospital admission, the incidence rate was 44.3/million/year (95% CI: 39.8, 48.7). The incidence rates for males were consistently higher than for females for all age groups. Motor vehicle collisions accounted for 56.4% of injuries, followed by falls (19.1%). The highest incidence of motor vehicle-related SCI occurred to those between 15 and 29 years (60/million/year). Fall-related injuries primarily occurred to those older than 60 years (45/million/year). Rural residents were 2.5 times as likely to be injured as urban residents. Conclusion: Prevention strategies for SCI should target males of all ages, adolescents and young adults of both sexes, rural residents, motor vehicle collisions, and fall prevention for those older than 60 years.


This document describes the cryptographic hash function BLAKE2 and
makes the algorithm specification and C source code conveniently
available to the Internet community. BLAKE2 comes in two main flavors:
BLAKE2b is optimized for 64-bit platforms and BLAKE2s for smaller
architectures. BLAKE2 can be directly keyed, making it functionally
equivalent to a Message Authentication Code (MAC).


A 21-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the feeding value of raw and cooked Sand box (Hura crepitans) seed meal for broiler chickens . Sand box seeds (100kg) were divided into two batches, the first batch was milled raw undicorticated with a hammer mill to produce raw sandbox meal, the second batch was cooked for 60 minutes also undicorticated, sun dried for 48 hours and milled with a hammer mill to produce cooked sandbox meal. Five broiler starter diets were formulated to contain raw and cooked sand box seed meal at 0%, 5% and 10% dietary levels respectively. Two hundred and twenty five (225) 14-day old broiler chicks of Marshal breed were divided into five groups of forty five(45) birds each. Each group was further divided into three (3) replicates of fifteen (15) birds each and randomly assigned to the five treatment diet in a completely randomized design (CRD). Data were collected on feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. Dietary treatments significantly (P<0.05) influenced feed intake and body weight gain but had no effect( P>0.05) on feed conversion ratio. The results of these studies suggests that sand box (Hura crepitans) seed meal could enhance the performance of broiler starter chicks at 10% (raw) and 5% (cooked) dietary levels.


The murine acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (MAIDS) caused by a defective murine leukemia virus produces severe immunodeficiency with abnormal lymphoproliferation and hypergammaglobulinemia. The presence of both CD4+ T cells and B cells is critical for the development of this disease. Remarkably elevated mRNA expression for IFN-gamma and IL-10 was observed in spleen cells of C57BL/6 mice starting from the early phase of viral infection. IFN-gamma production was induced by spleen cells from virus-infected mice upon stimulation with concanavalin A or lipopolysaccharide in both the early and late phases of MAIDS progression. When mice that had been passively administered anti-IFN-gamma mAb were infected with the virus, the development and progression of lymphadenopathy, immunodeficiency and elevated levels of serum IgG2a associated with MAIDS were delayed. Treatment with anti-IL-4 or anti-IL-10 mAb in place of anti-IFN-gamma mAb did not induce the delayed progression of MAIDS. These data support the concept that IFN-gamma-dependent pathway may be involved in the development of MAIDS.


INTRODUCTION
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is the most common personality disorder in clinical settings, however, this disorder presents diagnostic difficulties because of the own heterogeneous character. The purpose of this study was to describe and examine the possible relationship between clinic-psychobiographical aspects of the patients and diagnoses of BPD.

METHOD
A transversal study was assessed in 73 psychiatric outpatients, by protocol of data collection about social and demographic aspects, psychobiographic aspects about childhood, sexual history and psychiatric earlier. International Personality Disorders Examination (IPDE) was used to evaluate the personality disorder.

RESULTS
Borderline patients self-reported of traumatics experiences, physical and/or sexual abuse in childhood in more percentage than the group without BPD. Sexual identity disturbance and homosexual relations were associated with BPD. Psychiatry earlier of hospitalization, suicide attempts and substance use disorders were more frequent in BPD patients.

CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest a profile that can be use to suspect a BPD and help to do precocious diagnoses.


Cybersecurity is an interdisciplinary field that is concerned with protecting digital assets from cyber-attacks aiming to illegally access sensitive information in order to tamper and disrupt systems and processes. Producing cybersecurity materials that are vertically-aligned is highly desired, given the shortage of cybersecurity educators and the dynamic and evolving nature of cybersecurity. More specifically, universities must do more to help fill the huge cybersecurity workforce shortage and address the lack of materials centered around adversarial thinking. In this paper, we propose a four-step process to turn a recent cybersecurity paper into a hands-on lab that utilizes game theory to promote adversarial thinking and show a case study where this process was used. The four-step process explains how papers are chosen, their research replicated, the production of lab materials, and complementary materials for students to work from. The case study demonstrates this process in practice and explains how game theory is incorporated into the lab.


An extension of the Fresnel transform to first-order optical systems that can be represented by an ABCD matrix is analyzed. We present and discuss a definition of the generalized transform, which is recognized to belong to the class of linear canonical transforms. A general mathematical characterization is performed by listing a number of meaningful theorems that hold for this operation and can be exploited for simplyfying the analysis of optical systems. The relevance to physics of this transform and of the theorems is stressed. Finally, a comprehensive number of possible decompositions of the generalized transform in terms of elementary optical transforms is discussed to obtain further insight into this operation.


Summary
Cultures of Halobacterium salinarium str. 1 are persistently infected with the virulent and extremely halophilic phage Hs1. The nature of phage infection depended on the salt concentration in the medium, changing from lytic to persistent as the salt concentration increased from 17.5 to 30% (w/v) NaCl. At salt concentrations below 25% (w/v) NaCl, phage infection resulted in a lytic development with phage production. The lytic development was characterized by a constant eclipse and latent period, irrespective of bacterial growth rate or salt concentration. At salt concentrations above 25% (w/v) NaCl phage infection resulted in the establishment of a carrier state in which lysis of the infected bacteria was delayed for several generations. In this carrier state the infected bacteria continued to multiply at the same rate as uninfected cells. Bacteria infected under conditions favouring lytic development could survive if transferred to a medium which favoured the formation of carrier cells. More than 77% of the bacteria infected with phage in a medium containing 20% (w/v) NaCl were able to form colonies if plated 90 min p.i. on agar plates containing 30% (w/v) NaCl. A majority of the colonies carried phage.


This article examines the development of the three-participant construction from the two-participant construction in Oceanic languages. This development involves the use of possessive classifiers for recipient or beneficiary marking. Arguments will be put forward in support of the change as an instance of grammaticalization. The change has its origins in pragmatic inferencing: the possessor is construed as a recipient or a beneficiary. Moreover, the change from possession to reception or benefaction is regarded, in terms of reduced structural autonomy, as a shift from a less grammatical to a more grammatical status: the relation between the recipient/beneficiary and the verb is much tighter than that between the possessor and the verb. Evidence will also be brought to bear to demonstrate the grammaticalization of possessive classifiers as recipient or beneficiary markers. In Kusaiean and Mokilese, the grammatical change has resulted in newly created recipient or beneficiary NPs moving into different sentence positions. In Kusaiean and Mokilese, the use of possessive classifiers for beneficiary marking has been extended from transitive to intransitive clauses (i.e. clauses without direct object NPs). In Lenakel, one of the multiple possessive classifiers, all used to express possession, has been chosen and pressed into the service of encoding benefaction.


This paper explores statistical tools that help analyze the predictability in the acoustic-to-articulatory inversion of speech, using an Electromagnetic Articulography database of simultaneously recorded acoustic and articulatory data. Since it has been shown that speech acoustics can be mapped to non-unique articulatory modes, the variance of the articulatory parameters is not sufficient to understand the predictability of the inverse mapping. We, therefore, estimate an upper bound to the conditional entropy of the articulatory distribution. This provides a probabilistic estimate of the range of articulatory values (either over a continuum or over discrete non-unique regions) for a given acoustic vector in the database. The analysis is performed for different British/Scottish English consonants with respect to which articulators (lips, jaws or the tongue) are important for producing the phoneme. The paper shows that acoustic-articulatory mappings for the important articulators have a low upper bound on the entropy, but can still have discrete non-unique configurations.


In this groundbreaking work, David Raub Snyder offers a nuanced investigation into the German army's prosecution and punishment of sex offenders during the Second World War. In so doing, Snyder restores balance to the literature regarding the military administration of justice under Hitler and to the historiography of sexuality and the Third Reich. Although scholars have devoted considerable attention to military offenses, the literature is largely silent about crimes punishable under civilian law. In many cases, the Wehrmacht's response to rape, sexual assault, homosexual "offenses," child molestation, incest, "racial defilement," and bestiality often depended on the willingness of the offender to continue to bear arms for his country. Snyder notes that, contrary to conventional wisdom, soldiers on the eastern front often received severe punishments for sexual assaults on Soviet civilians. He demonstrates how military expedience and military justice became entangled and conflicted during the war. Snyder also analyzes the Wehrmacht's unique penal and parole system, the first treatment of this important topic in the English language. The Wehrmacht's system functioned as a filtering mechanism that rechanneled willing soldiers back to the front while simultaneously channeling recalcitrant or "incorrigible" soldiers in the opposite direction-to concentration camps for destruction through work at the hands of the SS. Supported by research in Germany and detailed accounts largely unavailable in English until now, Snyder offers new perspectives on justice under the Wehrmacht and the situations of homosexuals, women, and children during wartime.


We evaluate the on-site land degradation effects of economic changes occurring both within agriculture and elsewhere in the Philippine economy, simulated with the APEX applied general equilibrium model. We derive changes in land degradation rates from changes in land use in rainfed annual crops, using Philippine data on upland erosion under a range of crops, rainfall patterns and slopes. In general equilibrium, land degradation rates are affected by endogenous price changes as well as by direct interventions in agriculture and agricultural processing sectors. We examine the effects of technical progress in corn, and of a capital subsidy to the rice and corn milling sector. Using the nutrient replacement cost method, we calculate the value of changes in land degradation rates and compare them with GDP, government expenditures, and other aggregates used by policy makers.


A number of methods have been proposed over the last decade for encoding information using deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), giving rise to the emerging area of DNA data embedding. Since a DNA sequence is conceptually equivalent to a sequence of quaternary symbols (bases), DNA data embedding (diversely called DNA watermarking or DNA steganography) can be seen as a digital communications problem where channel errors are analogous to mutations of DNA bases. Depending on the use of coding or noncoding DNA host sequences, which, respectively, denote DNA segments that can or cannot be translated into proteins, DNA data embedding is essentially a problem of communications with or without side information at the encoder. In this paper, the Shannon capacity of DNA data embedding is obtained for the case in which DNA sequences are subject to substitution mutations modeled using the Kimura model from molecular evolution studies. Inferences are also drawn with respect to the biological implications of some of the results presented.


In situ stress measurements were made to depths of 344 m in Atlantic Coastal Plain sediments near Charleston, South Carolina. The magnitudes of the least principal compressive stress were found to be considerably sublithostatic: 30.6 b at 193 m, 33.7 b at 209 m, 35.0 b at 297 m, and 41.6 b at 344 m. These data, combined with simple faulting theory, indicate that the least principal horizontal stress at depths of 297 and 344 m is sufficiently less than the lithostatic load to result in normal-type fault motion on favorably oriented faults. Stratigraphic evidence from three test wells and 20 auger holes in the area supports existence of at least one normal fault in the vicinity of the wells in which the stress measurements were made. We interpret these results to suggest that normal faults in coastal plain sediments near Charleston are currently active. Because the direction of relative horizontal extension appears to be northeast-southwest, or parallel to the trend of the continental margin, we infer that this stress field is of tectonic origin.


We use flux, dissolution, and excess 230Th data from the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study and Manganese Nodule Project equatorial Pacific study Site C to assess the extent of sediment focusing in the equatorial Pacific. Measured mass accumulation rates (MAR) from sediment cores were compared to reconstructed MAR by multiplying the particulate rain caught in sediment traps by the 230Th focusing factor and subtracting measured dissolution. CaCO3 MAR is severely overestimated when the 230Th focusing factor correction is large but is estimated correctly when the focusing factor is small. In contrast, Al fluxes in the sediment fine fraction are well matched when the focusing correction is used. Since CaCO3 is primarily a coarse sediment component, we propose that there is significant sorting of fine and coarse sediments during lateral sediment transport by weak currents. Because CaCO3 does not move with 230Th, normalization typically overcorrects the CaCO3 MAR; and because CaCO3 is 80% of the total sediment, 230Th normalization overestimates lateral sediment flux. Fluxes of 230Th in particulate rain caught in sediment traps agree with the water column production-sorption model, except within 500 m of the bottom. Near the bottom, 230Th flux measurements are as much as 3 times higher than model predictions. There is also evidence for lateral near-bottom 230Th transport in the bottom nepheloid layer since 230Th fluxes caught by near-bottom sediment traps are higher than predicted by resuspension of surface sediments alone. Resuspension and nepheloid layer transport under weak currents need to be better understood in order to use 230Th within a quantitative model of lateral sediment transport.


The paper deals with the factors which affect contraceptive attitudes, behaviors, and the relationship between the two. The analysis is based upon original survey data from 2,446 women in Venezuela and related literature. The results suggest that both positive attitudes and contraceptive accessibility are major determinants of contraception but at the aggregate level neither has a decisive advantage over the other. The three best predictors of contraceptive use are: specific contraceptive attitudes, social support, and accessibility of contraceptives. Their impacts on behavior are direct and additive; however, their impacts vary significantly by education and number of living children. In general attitude change strategy is more effective with younger women while improving accessibility affects older women more often. Implications for policy and programs are presented.


This paper aims to compare and contrast two site-specific performance productions, both designed to grapple with processes of cultural remembrance, whilst also operating as successful tourist attractions. The narratives encompassed by both productions revolve around shared Australian histories, for audiences attracted by place and what it is able to represent. Re-enactments of past events call into the present a consideration of what still remains, with both shows enabling new subjective interpretations of earlier times. The defining difference between the two, however, rests in the context of each performance, in the one case as a commodification of heritage and in the other case as the desire to produce an artistic yet popular theatrical product. Ballarat's, Sovereign Hill's light and sound show, Blood on the Southern Cross celebrates and commemorates, in mega-spectacle style, the Eureka Stockade, one of Australia's key historical events. Using a mechanised display of the original goldmining site of the Eureka rebellion, the performance is operated by computers with video-projection, multi-phonic sound, and moving model forms, with audiences moved around the massive site on transporters. The Piccolo Tales, a contrasting performance most notably in terms of size, unfolds the history of Kings Cross, through its setting in the miniscule iconic Piccolo Bar, in one of the tiny side streets of Sydney's bustling and densest suburb. This paper encompasses an investigation of how the cultural inscriptions of the two specific sites interweave with the performance styles, materials, political and social positioning of the works. Previous performance studies examining site-specificity are utilised, including the author's analysis of particular festival performances as "place-making" (Hayes, 2012, 2013). Smith's (2009) model of "signposts" is used to consider acting within site-specific productions in a new light, whilst both performances are more completely analysed through Schneider's (2011) concept of incomplete pasts forming "cycles of memory".


Despite a large mining sector and a well-structured mineral revenue distribution system, mining communities are among the poorest in Ghana. To promote socio-economic development in the mining communities, in 2016, the Parliament of Ghana passed the Minerals Development Fund Act. This article examines the Act's potential in addressing existing challenges in the allocation and utilisation of mineral royalties in Ghana and its potential in promoting development in Ghana's mining communities. It shows that the Act missed the opportunity to address misuse of mineral royalties and to encourage local participation and increase transparency and accountability in mineral royalty management.


by William C. Torres More and more online classes are being offered by institutions of higher learning each year (Allen & Seaman, 2011). This increase has led to many challenges for instructors and students alike as simulating a face-to-face (F2F) class in an online setting has proven to be difficult. The current study offers a comparison in motivation and communication apprehension levels between students in online classes and students in F2F classes of the same subject matter taught by the same instructor at a mid-sized Midwestern university. What was found was that online students have higher levels of communication apprehension, are less confident with the course material, and see the information as less relevant than the F2F students. Additionally, over 50% of the students taking classes online reported living on-campus or close to campus, which is contradictory to the original intent of online education (Bejerano, 2008). IMPACT OF THE COMMUNICATION MEDIUM IN ONLINE EDUCATION: A COMPARISON OF STUDENT MOTIVATION IN ONLINE AND FACE-TO-FACE CLASSES by


There are four kinds of investment funds: Money Market Investment Funds, Income Investment Funds, Balanced or Discretionary Investment Funds and Equity Investment Funds which can give flexibility to investors, because each investment fund has different risks and rate of return. Investors who invest in Equity Investment Funds would expect higher returns over the long term but experience greater price variability than those who invest in the Balanced or - Income Investment Funds. It is important to evaluate performance of mutual funds based on risk and return analysis. The risk adjusted return approaches are Sharpe Ratio,' Treynor Ratio, Jensen's Differential Return. Research was carried out by investigating the daily fluctuation of Net Asset Value within 119 of Jakarta Stock Exchange (JSE) working days over 21 investment funds which had been issued before February 1997. The result shows that Balanced Investment Funds has lower risk compared to Equity' Investment Funds, but has the highest average rate of return among them. - Hypothesis testing (at 95% confidence level) shows that Income Investment Funds, Balanced Investment Funds and Equity Investment Funds have — ' significant risk differentiation but have no significant average rate of return' - differentiation. Performance based on Sharpe Ratio, Traynor Ratio, and Jensen's Differential Return shows that Balanced Investment Funds is better than Equity Investment Funds. This is due to not only to the high rate of return but also to the lower variability of the return of fixed income securities, money market instrument as well as bonds. These intriguing results implied that fund managers could enhance investment fund return by diversifying across both fixed income securities, money market instruments, bonds and stocks. Clearly to say, a judicious mix of deposits, bonds, and stocks over time could be used as a means to potentially rise investment funds return while also reducing risk. This research is a preliminary one and is done in short period of time so that it may only give phenomenon in the short run.


The year of 1947 was arguably the most pivotal in the history of major league baseball. Baseball historian William Marshall referred to it as the "season of fury," while Red Barber called it the "year all hell broke loose in baseball." What made that year so important was one player--Jackie Robinson. Prior to his ground breaking season, black baseball players were barred from the major leagues, limited to playing only against other blacks in front of primarily black fans. That started to change once Brooklyn Dodgers general manager Branch Rickey added Robinson to the major league roster. Although Rickey's "great experiment" sparked protests from other players, it also paved the way for the integration of baseball and other sports. (1) By the time the controversy had settled, however, several myths about white southern baseball players had become part of baseball lore. Like all myths, they had elements of truth and fiction and were a powerful means of understanding the world. Unfortunately, these myths continued to affect player relationships for years. In fact, their impact was obvious during the 1950s and still noticeable in major league dugouts during the seventies. For at least one former player--"Dixie" Walker--those myths have continued to influence his destiny, perhaps keeping him from being honored by baseball's Hall of Fame. Fred "Dixie" Walker was born on September 24, 1910, in Villa Rica, Georgia. In 1931, at the age of twenty, he made it to the majors long enough to play in two games with the New York Yankees. By 1933 he was a full-time member of the team and a teammate of Babe Ruth, Lou Gehrig, Joe Sewell, and fellow southerner Ben Chapman. He had also picked up the nickname "Dixie," partly because of his southern heritage and partly because his father, who also played in the major leagues, had carried the same nickname. In 1936 the Chicago White Sox claimed him from the Yankees for the waiver fee. The next season Walker established himself as a bona fide starter for the Sox, hitting .302 and tying for the league lead in triples with 16. Following the 1937 season, the White Sox traded their budding star to the Detroit Tigers. Walker responded with another outstanding season at the plate (.308) before joining the Brooklyn Dodgers mid-season in 1939. With the Dodgers, Dixie Walker became a star. From 1940 to 1948, he hit above .300 every year except one and was named to the All-Star team four times. In 1944 he tied for the league batting title with a .357 mark; the next season, he led the league in RBIs (runs batted in) (124), runs produced (280), and doubles (42). In 1941 he led all National League outfielders in assists (19) and double plays (8). The Dodgers' famous Ebbets Field once had a sign sponsored by a men's clothing store that promised a free suit to any batter who could hit the right-field advertisement with a fly ball; a decade after Dixie patrolled that outfield, a young Dodger pitcher and future hall of famer named Don Drysdale pondered the offer and mused that with Dixie Walker out there, "how was any guy on the other team ever going to hit that sign?" (2) Walker's career statistics were impressive--a .306 batting average on 2,064 hits, 105 home runs, 1,023 RBIs, and 1,037 runs. His achievements and his hustle made him the most popular player on the team and earned him a second nickname: "The People's Choice." A record and reputation like Walker's have often made ballplayers candidates for the Baseball Hall of Fame, but Walker has been consistently overlooked by both groups of voters who make the Hall's selections-sports writers and the veterans committee. Dixie's brother Harry Walker attributed Dixie's omission to what he called a "bad rap" regarding his opposition to Jackie Robinson joining the Dodgers. Dixie Walker was an early and vocal opponent of Robinson's entry into the league, and the publicity that surrounded Dixie's opposition resulted in his being labeled the "most extreme of Dodger racists. …


Streptomycin held in solution in concentrations of 100 and 1,000 �g./ml. at 10�C. is stable at pH 6.0, 7.0, and 8.0 for a period of three months. The depressor effect observed in the turbidimetric assay appears to be the result of two factors, buffer salt concentration and pH, and is most marked at pH 6.0. Almost normal activity reappears at pH 8.0 even in the presence of the greater concentration of phosphates.


Zaynab, first published in 1913, is widely cited as the first Arabic novel, yet the previous eight decades saw hundreds of novels translated into Arabic from English and French. This vast literary corpus influenced generations of Arab writers but has, until now, been considered a curious footnote in the genre's history. Incorporating these works into the history of the Arabic novel, this book offers a transformative new account of modern Arabic literature, world literature, and the novel. This book rewrites the history of the global circulation of the novel by moving Arabic literature from the margins of comparative literature to its center. Considering the wide range of nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century translation practices, the book argues that Arabic translators did far more than copy European works; they authored new versions of them, producing sophisticated theorizations of the genre. These translations and the reading practices they precipitated form the conceptual and practical foundations of Arab literary modernity, necessitating an overhaul of our notions of translation, cultural exchange, and the global. The book shows how translators theorized the Arab world not as Europe's periphery but as an alternative center in a globalized network. It affirms the central place of (mis)translation in both the history of the novel in Arabic and the novel as a transnational form itself.


To embed the seesaw mechanism in the MSSM, two or three right-handed neutrino supermultiplets, Ni, have to be added to the model. In the presence of these new superfields, the soft supersymmetry breaking potential includes a lepton number violating mass term which is known as the neutrino B-term, MBνNN/2. In this paper, we study the effects of Bν on the Higgs mass parameters. Using the condition for the electroweak symmetry breaking, we derive an upper bound on Bν which, for some range of parameters, is two orders of magnitude stronger than the previous bounds. We also propose a simple model in which it is natural to have large values of Bν while the rest of the supersymmetry breaking terms are at the TeV scale or smaller.


Abstract Group size and vigilance are tools that animals can use to mitigate predation risk, and many studies have reported a negative relationship between them. Vigilance studies often investigate the direct effect of group size on vigilance, but they ignore the effect of ecological factors on group size. As a consequence, these studies can overlook important indirect effects of ecological factors on vigilance via group size. We investigated how ecological factors affect vigilance behavior in rock hyraxes (Procavia capensis), both directly and indirectly via group size. First, we showed a direct negative relationship between group size and vigilance behavior by measuring vigilance behavior before and after a change in group size. Second, we conducted a path analysis that included group size and several ecological factors (distance from shelter, distance from center of kopje, vegetation cover, and time since start of foraging session). Similar to the 1st analysis, the path analysis identified a strong negative relationship between group size and vigilance behavior; however, the other variables had little effect on group size or vigilance behavior, or both.


Renewable Energy is on the forefront of many global discussions. The concern of numerous scientific findings on the impact humanity has had on the environment has grown in recent years. Since alternative energy sources, such as solar and wind, have already made substantial progress, I have decided to focus my attention on tidal energy specifically. This topic will serve as the main focus of this essay. Within this essay, I will examine how tidal energy pertains to the construction industry through four distinguished chapters: (1) What kind of tidal technology exist and what does the construction aspect of these tidal technologies require? (2) What are some of the risks and rewards of building a tidal energy plant and is it profitable for a general contractor? (3) What would make tidal energy a more desirable source of renewable energy when compared to others? (4) What would be considered a good site to develop a tidal energy plant? Hopefully, my research will provide general contractors with a better idea of what tidal energy projects will entail and if it's a viable option to pursue.


Countertrade has grown into a phenomenon too important to be ignored by business practitioners, researchers, and governments. Yet there is a dearth of empirical research on this form of trade. The present study reports the results of a survey of firms engaged in such transactions. Specifically, it examines the benefits and pitfalls of countertrade with Latin America and compares them with those of similar arrangements with other parts of the world. Some explanations as well as implications and limited generalizations are developed. Introduction Countertrade is any one of several trade arrangements by which goods and services are traded for each other. Since a large number of countries desire goods and services for which they do not have the currency to pay, countertrade usually involves a non-cash contract between a developed and a developing country. The literature on countertrade as an important global strategic tool has grown rapidly in recent years. Although no reliable figures of the actual magnitude of these arrangements are available, trade financed by this method has grown considerably. Estimates of its share in total world trade range anywhere from eight percent to a high of forty percent (see, e.g., Daniels and Radenbaugh, 2001; Ball and McCulloch, 1999; Ruggerio, 1997). Historically, United States businesses have seldom been obliged to think about nonmoney trade, primarily because America's trading partners have tended to rely on the traditional forms of trade financing. They include the use of cash, letters of credit, and borrowing from private and official sources. However, in recent years, a large number of U.S. corporations have found it increasingly difficult to conduct business with many countries without relying on countertrade. They include IBM, Heinz, General Motors, PepsiCo, Xerox, Boeing, Monsanto, and Procter and Gamble. In response to this growing interest, some U.S. banks such as Citibank and Chase have decided to set up their own countertrade departments (Dizard, 1983). Furthermore, Bragg (1988) reported that two-thirds of foreign purchases of American-made commercial and military jets are paid for with local products instead of cash. Conversely, for American executives who face, more than ever before, worldwide economic and competitive pressures, countertrade offers previously untapped opportunities particularly since it is "more attractive than having no sales in a given market" (Dizard, 1983: 89). Indeed, it has been described as "a rational response...to environmental constraints and market imperfections" (Mirus & Yeung, 1986: 38) particularly for those nations lacking either hard currency or the ability to borrow. Thus countertrade operations add another dimension of particular benefit to developing countries seeking to circumvent structural trade imbalances. Yet the wide variety of forms of countertrade poses a challenge to the rules, conventions, and structures of international trade. Consequently, a growing number of business firms and governments have found it necessary to reexamine their strategic responses to countertrade as it offers both new threats and opportunities. Not surprisingly, according to one business writer, "knowing the tricks of countertrade can be a competitive advantage when advantages are hard to come by" (Bragg, 1988). Clearly, this form of trading can no longer be treated by American business as a marginal or archaic form of international business. Having flourished in today's global economy and its uncertain environment, countertrade has grown into a phenomenon too important to ignore by business practitioners, researchers, and policy makers. It is likely to be a significant marketing tool well into the next century as global businesses face problems of closed or saturated markets, trade barriers, surplus capacity, inconvertible currencies, and financial constraints. In sum, many firms now realize that, in order to be effective global competitors, countertrade considerations must be part of their overall strategic plans. …


In this work we present a geometric identity involving the Bel–Robinson tensor which is formally similar to the Sparling identity (which involves the Einstein tensor through the Einstein 3-form). In our identity the Bel–Robinson tensor enters through the Bel–Robinson 3-form which, we believe, is introduced in the literature for the first time. The meaning of this identity is that it is possible to formulate a generic conservation law for the quantity represented by the Bel–Robinson tensor (superenergy). We also show how one can use the Bel–Robinson 3-form to estimate the components of the Bel–Robinson tensor which are computed with respect to the causal elements of a frame. This estimate could be useful in a global existence proof of the solutions of a theory of gravitation in dimension four.


Cyst of the larynx in infancy is rare. A thorough search of the literature revealed only eleven cases recorded prior to ours. In none of the textbooks on pediatrics is any mention made of this condition as a possible cause of asphyxia at birth or in early infancy. Still more infrequent is cyst involving the epiglottis of the new-born. So far as our search of the literature revealed, only one case is on record. Park and Israel1sent questionnaires to approximately one hundred and fifty pediatricians and otolaryngologists throughout the United States requesting a statement as to their experience with laryngeal cysts in infancy and childhood. Most of the replies were to the effect that the physician had never seen a case in infancy or childhood. Chevalier Jackson, who has probably had the widest experience, stated that the earliest case he had seen was in a child of 13


Using an open-access distribution model, the Crystallography Open Database (COD, http://www.crystallography.net) collects all known 'small molecule / small to medium sized unit cell' crystal structures and makes them available freely on the Internet. As of today, the COD has aggregated ∼150 000 structures, offering basic search capabilities and the possibility to download the whole database, or parts thereof using a variety of standard open communication protocols. A newly developed website provides capabilities for all registered users to deposit published and so far unpublished structures as personal communications or pre-publication depositions. Such a setup enables extension of the COD database by many users simultaneously. This increases the possibilities for growth of the COD database, and is the first step towards establishing a world wide Internet-based collaborative platform dedicated to the collection and curation of structural knowledge.


We develop a new analytical framework for both cross-border services trade and services trade through foreign affiliates, based on heterogeneous firms operating under oligopoly. This leads to direct predictions about choice of services delivery (mode of delivery) at the firm level, and about the pattern of bilateral trade at the industry level. We examine the industry-level predictions, working with a panel of U.S. data. Unlike the recent literature that works with FDI as a proxy for affiliate services sales, we work directly with data on bilateral U.S. trade through affiliates. These data feature more sector detail than in the recent literature. We also directly compare observed patterns of services trade and affiliate sales with the corresponding indicators of patterns of cross-border and affiliate sales for manufacturing sectors. In contrast to mixed results in manufacturing, in services overseas multinational activities consistently increase relative to direct exports the further away are host countries. Language and the presence of manufacturing FDI are also important. The impact of factors like corporate tax rates and relative stocks of human capital on modes of service delivery varies across sectors. The evidence on interdependence across modes and the importance of local affiliates implies that the impact of policy in any one mode is likely to depend on the mix of domestic regulation and policy across all modes of supply.


This most recent book by the distinguished emeritus clinician, Walter Alvarez, covers the problem of nonconvulsive epilepsy in depth. It is based on 247 cases seen and fully documented by the author over the course of many years. It is a popular book aimed at the general public but physicians could read it with profit. Alvarez stresses a number of points, a few of which are that nonconvulsive epilepsy should at least be considered in people with violent outbursts of temper, crises of abdominal pain suggesting tabes, and in those unfortunate individuals who commit violent, often senseless, crimes. He states that an abnormal electroencephalogram may result in appropriate confinement to a mental hospital rather than unjust imprisonment. There are many other aberrations that Alvarez feels may be the result of undiagnosed nonconvulsive epilepsy. Some are greatly controversial and Alvarez is fully aware of this. Nevertheless, the main thesis is certainly


This paper deals with the effects of various approaches for modeling of strain rate effects for mild and high strength steels (HSS) on impact simulations. The material modeling is discussed in the context of the finite element method (FEM) modeling of progressive crush of energy absorbing automotive components. The characteristics of piecewise linear plasticity strain rate dependent material model are analyzed and various submodels for modeling of impact response of steel structures are investigated. The paper reports on the ranges of strains and strain rates that are calculated in typical FEM models for tube crush and their dependence on the material modeling approaches employed. The models are compared to the experimental results from drop tower tests.


In this interview, Dr. Arnie Cann discusses his research and views on the ubiquitous role of humor in psychological health and well-being. The interview begins with Professor Cann recounting how he originally became interested in studying humor. He then reflects on the main findings associated with the wide variety of humor-related studies he has conducted over the years. In doing so, Dr. Cann provides suggestions and ideas for further research investigating the role of humor in health and well-being. Specific topic areas discussed include the use of humor in the workplace and other social domains, personality approaches to humor, humor and interpersonal processes, humor and psychopathology, and humor's role in dealing with stress and well-being. One of the prominent themes in this interview is the clear recognition of sense of humor as a multi-dimensional construct that includes various components that may either be beneficial or detrimental to well-being. A further important theme is the major distinction between humor as an inherent personality construct versus humor that results from exposure to stimuli (e.g., a comedy film). Comments are also provided by Dr. Cann on how the positive affect stemming from humor may be of particular benefit to the individual. Also discussed is the recent move to more fully integrate contemporary humor research with positive psychology approaches. The interview concludes with Dr. Cann providing several recommendations regarding future theorizing and research on the role of humor in psychological well-being.


In this paper wireless power transmission system based on magnetic resonance coupling circuit was carried out. With the research objectives based on the mutual coupling model, mathematical expressions of optimal coupling coefficients are examined. Equivalent circuit parameters are calculated by Maxwell software, and the equivalent circuit was solved by Matlab software. The power transfer efficiency of the system was derived by using the electrical parameters of the equivalent circuit. System efficiency was analyzed depending on the different air gap values for various characteristic impedances. Hence, magnetic resonance coupling involves creating a resonance and transferring the power without radiating electromagnetic waves. As the air gap between the coils increased the coupling between the coils were weakened. The impedance of circuit varied as the air gap changed, affecting the power transfer efficiency.


In this paper a review and recent progress of PTFE and various fillers. Polytetrafluroethylene (PTFE) is an important engineering material. When rubbed or slide against a hard surface, PTFE exhibits a low coefficient of friction but a high rate of wear. So to enhance the wear rate of PTFE, different fillers are added PTFE is a thermoplastic polymer, which is a white solid at room temperature, with a density of about 2200 kg/m3. Its melting point is 600 K .Owing to its low co-efficient of friction. it is used for applications where sliding action of parts is needed: plain bearings, gears, slide plates, etc. The wear behaviour of polytetrafluroethylene filled with filler particles was studied on a pin on disc test rig. .The parameters considered for the study were applied load, sliding speed and sliding distance and weight percentage of fillers. The experimental results indicate that the weight loss increases with increasing load, sliding speed and sliding distance, as expected. Sliding distance has more effect on weight loss followed by applied load. The dominant interactive wear mechanisms during sliding and its composites are discussed in this paper. The above four factors are selected on the basis of Effect–Cause analysis and literature survey.


This paper presents a distributed Functional Electrical Stimulation architecture based on a wireless network, for therapeutic training of disabled patients. On this distributed architecture, a global controller can pilot a set of stimulation and acquisition units and modify dynamically stimulation and acquisition parameters. This solution intend to be a tool for researchers and therapist to develop closed-loop control algorithms and strategies for therapeutic rehabilitation applications with external FES, in a clinical context. In a wireless networkbased control, the variable delay introduced by the network must be taken into account to ensure the stability of the closed loop. Thus, in order to characterize the medium on which the control is performed, we carried out accurate measurements of the architecture performances (stack-crossing, round-trip time, etc.).


The NIEHS sets aside a percentage of extramural funds to support technology development for environmental health research through Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) grants. SBIR/STTR technologies supported by NIEHS reflect the Institute's broad mission, ranging from assays to detect DNA damage and mutations to highthroughput assays for large-scale toxicant screening to improved methods for assessing both external exposures and internal dose of chemicals. Small businesses are also developing innovative technologies, products, and devices that can be used at Superfund or other contaminated sites for the detection and remediation of hazardous substances. The NIEHS Worker Training Program (WTP) program focuses on the development of Advanced Training Technology (ATT) products for the health and safety training of hazardous materials (HAZMAT) workers, emergency responders, and skilled support personnel. The NIEHS supports the development of tools and materials to educate and train individuals and groups on environmental health topics. Technologies developed by NIEHSsupported small businesses are used in laboratory research, high-throughput screening efforts including ToxCast and Tox21, environmental epidemiology studies and community-based research to improve public health.


This paper summarizes five years' experience at the Adolescent Division of the Yale-New Haven Hospital. Findings include that adolescents respond best to young staff, but that close supervision (especially with volunteers) is often necessary to prevent staff-patient attachments from becoming too close; that destructiveness is mostly a visitor problem; that peer support is vitally important for patient morale; that girls are more comfortable than are boys in the environment provided by an adolescent division; that as the adolescent's health improves, his loss of dependency and docility is often accepted with difficulty by division staff members as well as patients' parents. The use of separate group meetings for parents, patients, and staff has been found very helpful.


Eukaryotic cell homeostasis requires transfer of cellular components among organelles and relies on membrane fusion catalyzed by SNARE proteins. Inactive SNARE bundles are reactivated by hexameric N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor, vesicle-fusing ATPase (Sec18/NSF)-driven disassembly that enables a new round of membrane fusion. We previously found that phosphatidic acid (PA) binds Sec18 and thereby sequesters it from SNAREs and that PA dephosphorylation dissociates Sec18 from the membrane, allowing it to engage SNARE complexes. We now report that PA also induces conformational changes in Sec18 protomers and that hexameric Sec18 cannot bind PA membranes. Molecular dynamics (MD) analyses revealed that the D1 and D2 domains of Sec18 contain PA-binding sites and that the residues needed for PA binding are masked in hexameric Sec18. Importantly, these simulations also disclosed that a major conformational change occurs in the linker region between the D1 and D2 domains, which is distinct from the conformational changes that occur in hexameric Sec18 during SNARE priming. Together, these findings indicate that PA regulates Sec18 function by altering its architecture and stabilizing membrane-bound Sec18 protomers.


Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important source of food and income for majority of households in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, bean production in Uganda is being affected by drought which has resulted from recent changes in climate. Developing high-yielding and drought-tolerant bean cultivars would significantly contribute to increased and stable yields in drought-prone environments. However, prior research was not focused on breeding for drought tolerance in bean in Uganda. Thus, this study sought to elucidate the genetics governing the inheritance of drought tolerance in Ugandan bean genotypes, through establishing the mechanism of inheritance of this trait in the genotypes relevant to Uganda. Five droughttolerant and three drought-sensitive genotypes were hybridized using a NCII mating design. The findings of the study indicated that drought tolerance is controlled by both additive and non-additive gene action with more predominance of additive gene effects for seed yield, pod weight, seed and pod and number. Further findings also revealed that the genotypes SEN 99 and NABE 15 are good combiners for drought tolerance.


ABSTRACT Background: This aim of this study was to assess the clinical utility of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) as a screening instrument for cognitive impairment in patients referred to a memory clinic, alone and in combination with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Methods: This was a pragmatic prospective study of consecutive referrals attending a memory clinic (n = 150) over an 18-month period. Patients were diagnosed using standard clinical diagnostic criteria for dementia (DSM-IV) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI; cognitive impairment prevalence = 43%) independent of MoCA test scores. Results: MoCA proved acceptable to patients and was quick and easy to use. Using the cut-offs for MoCA and MMSE specified in the index paper (≥26/30), MoCA was more sensitive than MMSE (0.97 vs 0.65) but less specific (0.60 vs 0.89), with better diagnostic accuracy (area under Receiver Operating Characteristic curve 0.91 vs 0.83). Downward adjustment of the MoCA cut-off to ≥20/30 maximized test accuracy and improved specificity (0.95) for some loss of sensitivity (0.63). Combining MoCA with the MMSE – either in series or in parallel – did not improve diagnostic utility above that with either test alone. Conclusions: In a memory clinic population, MoCA proved sensitive for the diagnosis of cognitive impairment. Use of a cut-off lower than that specified in the index study may be required to improve overall test accuracy and specificity for some loss of sensitivity in populations with a high prior probability of cognitive impairment. Combining the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE) with the MMSE did not improve diagnostic utility.


Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is intimately associated with cervical cancer, and the presence of coinfections, such as with Chlamydia trachomatis , Gardnerella vaginalis and Trichomonas vaginalis , may potentiate or facilitate HPV infection. Female sex workers are considered vulnerable to the acquisition of these infections due to exposure to risk factors. Objective: To determine HPV infection, viral types and coinfections in self-collected samples from female sex workers. Methods: Self-collected samples from female sex workers, of vaginal canal and uterine cervix, were subjected to HPV-deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) detection, viral genotyping by type-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), and the detection of coinfection. Results: HPV-DNA was detected in 19.4% of the samples, and HPV 31, 6, and 53 were the most frequently detected types. There was a predominance of high-risk oncogenic HPV (HR-HPV) and a strong presence of simultaneous infections with multiple HPV types (84.6%). Coinfections with both HPV and C. trachomatis , and HPV and G. vaginalis were detected. The variables that were statistically associated with HPV infection and the presence of multiple infections were non-use of condoms and non-compliance with regular cervical cytology screening. Conclusion: The results highlight the importance of more comprehensive studies among vulnerable populations, aiming to establish measures to raise awareness about the risks of contracting sexually transmitted infections, as well as to support future studies for introducing HPV vaccines with wider coverage of viral types.


BACKGROUND/AIM
Breast lesions that are not palpable on physical examination but considered suspicious for malignancy on mammography or ultrasonography should be marked before surgery. Wire-guided localization (WGL) is the most frequently used method for preoperative marking of nonpalpable breast lesions (NPBLs). An alternative is marking by a radioactive agent (radio-guided occult lesion localization; ROLL). The present study aimed to compare WGL and ROLL for preoperative marking.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study included 25 patients marked by ROLL and 11 patients marked by WGL. The groups were compared in terms of patient and lesion characteristics, method-related characteristics, hospital stay duration, complications, cosmetic outcomes, and rate of correct marking.

RESULTS
Suspicious lesions were marked with a success rate of 95.6% by ROLL and 100% by WGL. Complications and pain sensation rates were found significantly lower in the ROLL group compared to WGL. Although ROLL was considered more advantageous in terms of hospital stay duration, positive surgical margins, cosmetic outcomes, and excision duration, the differences between the groups were not statistically significant.

CONCLUSION
ROLL, which is a simple, comfortable, and reliable method, could be used as an alternative to the WGL in preoperative marking of NPBLs.


: Purpose: The creative and cultural industries (CCIs) are inherently digital-oriented. All CCIs include both physical and digital products and services. Still, most of all, growth currently generated by CCIs is digital - the non-digital part of economic activity is generally stagnant or even shrinking. The purpose of this article is to explore how CCIs as key drivers can influence sustainable social progress and meet growing societal needs. Design/Methodology/Approach: Taking advantage of the research niche, the authors of this study surveyed between September and December 2020, selecting for the research pool entities that have collaborated with CCIs in the last two years in providing the innovative product, service, business model or process solutions. The research objective was to explore collaboration between the traditional and creative sectors in five areas: Social, Process, Financial, Corporate and Socio-Environmental. Findings: Due to the lack of methodological tools to study the cross-innovation process, the following article presents the selection of questions and correctly constructed scales. Practical Implications: The study considers the current challenges companies face due to the significant change in economic realities in the form of the COVID-19 pandemic. Originality/Value: This article is also a scientific contribution to the topic that can help overcome the economic downturn in the form of unconventional cooperation of various actors who will be stronger together.


This article explores the pedagogical beliefs and classroom interactions of two secondary school English‐as‐a‐foreign‐language teachers – one novice and one experienced – in the People's Republic of China. Using interview and classroom observation data, our study depicts the teachers' pedagogical beliefs about teaching and learning by comparing what they say about their professional practice with their classroom interaction. We argue that, by analysing teachers' stated beliefs and their interactions while teaching, it is possible to gain a fuller understanding of the complex inter‐relationship between what teachers say they do and believe and how they interact with students. Our study has relevance to the growing body of literature on teacher cognition, and to research on classroom interaction and teacher development.


We report the case of a 16-year-old female patient with hypothyroidism, goiter, and pancytopenia. Biopsy of the thyroid showed leukemic infiltration. After confirmation of the diagnosis of B-lymphoblastic leukemia, treatment was started. Histologic follow-up at day 33 and 79 showed no residual signs of leukemic infiltration. Hypothyroidism persisted despite successful antileukemic treatment. Leukemic infiltration of the thyroid should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients with hypothyroidism, goiter, and pancytopenia. We suggest that follow-up of thyroid function and histology should be incorporated in the follow-up of rare patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia with thyroid infiltration.


Most texture analysis techniques require training data to perform classification or retrieval of images. In many practical situations, the amount of data representing different texture classes can be too limited to satisfy the training of a reliable classifier. Therefore, finding an effective feature of texture is very useful to cope with a variety of applications. This paper presents the extension of the two-point variogram to multiple-point variogram of images for texture feature extraction, which is also robust to noise and computationally economic. The matching of the variogram functions for pattern classification can be enhanced with the use of a spectral distortion measure without the requirement of training data. Experimental results and comparison with other methods, which require training data, suggest the usefulness of the proposed approach.


Heralded single photon sources are the most commonly used sources for optical quantum technology applications. There is strong demand for accurate prediction of their spectral features and temporal correlations with ever increasing precision. This is particularly important in connection with the intrinsically stochastic photon-pair generation process in heralded sources. Here we present a complete theoretical description of the temporal correlation of a signal-idler, signal-signal and signal-signal-idler coincidences of photons generated by continuous wave pumped cavity-enhanced spontaneous parametric down-conversion. The theory excellently predicts the measurements, which has been experimentally confirmed in our setup utilizing single photon detectors with high temporal resolution. This enables us to resolve and analyze the multi-photon correlation functions in great detail.