INTRODUCTION
The Increase in life expectancy has brought an increase in chronic diseases. The evolution of chronic disease is the cause of several organic and systemic dysfunctions, leading to physical and mental limitations that determine the need for some aid to perform basic vital tasks. Primary health care has a key role in the monitoring of fragility, chronicity, and complexity of population. However, in order to address properly high complexity diseases it is necessary to know and coordinate the different resources existing inside the territory. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODEL FOR ACTION: THE IMPLEMENTATIONS OF A FUNCTIONAL UNIT. The Primary Health Care must ensure equity, accessibility, longitudinally, and continuity of care, bearing in mind that health outcomes must be optimal. There are several health care providers in the Delta del Llobregat SAP, so it was implemented a strategic plan focused on the coordination and/or the reconciliation of all the devices involved in the assistance in order to provide comprehensive attention to the patient. The patients included in this program were to be identified as CCP (Complex chronic Patient), in an evolved and tributary phase of intensive follow-up. CONCLUSIONS. The identification ofpatients listed as CCP and at clinical risk allows a comprehensive monitoring in order to prevent exacerbations and overuse of unscheduled hospital resources.


The life history of ghost shrimps, known for their role in shaping community structures in shallow water habitats, is poorly studied in species occurring along the coasts of the South American Pacific. Here we present ecological information concerning Callichirus seilacheri based upon individuals collected from January to December 2003 in Las Machas beach, northern Chile. Burrow densities varied between 1.4 and 20.2 burrows / 0.25 m2, and was highest during summer (18.2 burrows / 0.25m2). The sex proportion was 1:1 during most of the study period; however, females outnumbered males in January and September. Males reached a larger maximum size than females (27.1 and 24.0 mm CL, respectively). The presence of juveniles was restricted principally to the time between February and May. Sexual maturity was reached at a size of 20.8 mm (males) and 18.1 mm CL (females). The main breeding period lasted from autumn to winter (May to August, peaking in June), and co-occurred with decreasing water temperatures and the presence of a sediment layer covering the burrows.


The retinal photoreceptors of the galah (Eolophus roseicapillus), an Australian cockatoo, consist of rods, single cones and double (unequal) cones present in a ratio of about 1:3:3 respectively. The rods are long slim cells which are believed to undergo retinomotor movements. The rod inner segment displays an ellipsoid of mitochondria, much rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), numerous polysomes and some autophagic vacuoles. No hyperboloid of glycogen was noted. Single cones show a slightly tapered outer segment, no oil droplet but a prominent ellipsoid at the apex and glycogen scattered throughout the inner segment. Double cones consist of a chief member which displays a heterogeneous oil droplet but no paraboloid of glycogen and an accessory cone with no oil droplet but a prominent paraboloid. All cones show below the ellipsoid plentiful polysomes, RER, Golgi zones and autophagic vacuoles. Cones are not felt to undergo retinomotor movements. In the light-adapted state the pigment-laden apical processes of the retinal epithelium (RPE) cells surround all photoreceptor types down to the inner segments. Along the length of the contiguous membranes between the two members of the double cones are membrane densifications that are presumed to be junctions. All cone photoreceptors are relatively small in diameter and hence closely packed. Rods and cones (both types) display both invaginated (ribbon) and superficial (conventional) synaptic sites.


This guide is for the basic and applied sciences, including chemistry, computing science, engineering, geology, Mathematics and Statistics, and physics


A quantitative analysis of any environment older than the instrumental record relies on proxies. Uncertainties associated with proxy reconstructions are often underestimated, which can lead to artificial conflict between different proxies, and between data and models. In this paper, using ordinary least squares linear regression as a common example, we describe a simple, robust and generalizable method for quantifying uncertainty in proxy reconstructions. We highlight the primary controls on the magnitude of uncertainty, and compare this simple estimate to equivalent estimates from Bayesian, nonparametric and fiducial statistical frameworks. We discuss when it may be possible to reduce uncertainties, and conclude that the unexplained variance in the calibration must always feature in the uncertainty in the reconstruction. This directs future research toward explaining as much of the variance in the calibration data as possible. We also advocate for a "data‐forward" approach, that clearly decouples the presentation of proxy data from plausible environmental inferences.


For researching the strong earthquake recurrence period of Kusai Lake and Xidatan fault segment in different sliding velocities, we apply the spring-block model (or BK model) controlled by the velocity and state depended frictional constitutive. Through numerically solving the one order differential equations picturing the block (or fault segment) motion, the parameter charactering the fault segment motion is achieved. Finally, we find the recurrence period of strong earthquake is shorter in fast sliding velocity than that in slow one. The 0.1 mm changing of fault segment sliding velocity per year will make the several hundreds years of variation in strong earthquake recurrence period.


Soft skills include communication skills and personality traits that are important when choosing a dentist, but other factors within the dental office also seem to be important for patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate factors that are important to people in a dentist as well as characteristics of the ideal dentist and to evaluate possible age-, gender-, and residence of living specific differences. A telephone survey with participants aged 35 years or older (ag—age group: ag 1: 35–50 years, ag 2: 70–84 years, ag 3: >85 years) in three German cities was conducted. Data were analyzed with respect to gender and age. Most of the participants (n = 298, 64.2%), regardless of their own gender, age, or place of residence did not care about the gender of the dentist. In general, the price of the treatment does not play a role in choosing the ideal dentist. Women differ significantly from men in their choice of dentist (ANOVA p < 0.001 (preference of non-smoker), ANOVA p < 0.001 (preference, that the dentist does not smell of smoke, importance of appearance (ANOVA p < 0.001) and psycho-social skills, etc.). As age increases, professional experience and psycho-social competencies are rated as important. With the increase in age, the mean value of the desired years of professional experience increases without significant differences between age groups. The importance of advanced training (ANOVA p < 0.001; Bonferoni correction: significant difference between ag 1 and ag 2 p < 0.001, and ag 1 and ag 3 p < 0.001) decreases with age. Especially for participants aged 70 to 84 years, a relationship of trust is important. Between the places of residence, statistical differences for almost all surveyed items were found (e.g., importance that the dentist speaks the patients' native language ANOVA p < 0.001, Bonferoni correction: significant difference between Berlin and Leipzig, Berlin and Mainz, and Leipzig and Mainz (each p < 0.001), dentist has a specialization ANOVA p < 0.001, Bonferoni correction: significant difference between Berlin and Leipzig and Berlin and Mainz (each p < 0.001), etc.). Dentists should be trained to develop psycho-social skills to meet the special demands of the increasing older population.


Lighting is an essential thing in performing daily activities and without sufficient lighting we will be difficult to see clearly. The problem is when there is no electricity, for example when we go to a cave or a forest or when there is a natural disaster that shuts down all the electricity. A portable lamp that can be charged by exposing the lamp to sun light can be one of the solution to overcome this problem. Energy Harvesting is a concept where an energy is captured, stored, and used with several technologies including solar technology. Energy Harvesting technology is used in many applications such as calculator, electrical cars or day-to-day lighting This paper will discuss about an application of solar panel in portable LED lamp, that can be used in the night and can be charged during daytime with solar panel. The solar panel, LED, and the battery is integrated in one circuit so there will be more space convenient for user. Solar emergency lamp can be used to illuminate the pathway in mountain or caves and the lamp can float in the water because it case is inflatable. Rechargeable Li-ion Battery 3.7 V 500 mAh and 10 LED SMD is used in this lamp. The proposed design is using a transparent PVC for the case of the lamp. The lamp can be turned on approximately for 4 hours from fully charged battery with 10 LED lamp. The illumination of solar portable emergency lamp was measured using lux meter. The illumination average of the solar portable emergency lamp is 17.58 lux with a deviation of 7.3 lux with medium bright mode. The illumination average of the solar portable emergency lamp is 32.85 lux with a deviation of 12.4 lux for the full bright mode. The Illumination is measured in 50 cm below the solar portable emergency lamp with 9 measured point consisting of 3 rows and 3 columns.


In a sprawling metropolitan area such as Atlanta, sustainability can be achieved by building upon the potential of a site. Potential can be found in the availability of land that creates opportunities for new buildings, but can also be found in planning guidelines, the morphological conditions of parcels and blocks, and the syntactical accessibility provided by the street network. While buildings and land uses can be changed and do change over time to accommodate new functions, the street network remains fairly stable and unchanged. While many studies of urban development have focused on the block or street segment, in this paper we focus on the finer scales of the parcel and the block-face. Using City of Atlanta data, this paper seeks to understand the relationships between parcel and block-face building density and planning, morphological, and syntactical variables, taking into account several control variables. Descriptive and inferential statistics are presented, including model results that describe the effects of planning, morphological, and syntactical variables on building density. Results support the hypothesis that connectivity, centrality, local and global street density, block size, access to diverse land uses, and land value have mixed effects on building density, depending on the scale of analysis and the land uses present. The results have important implications for land use and zoning policy. For example, accessibility and visibility are required at varying levels for different types of land uses, warranting an analysis of reach in assigning land use and zoning overlays to parcels. Additional findings include that different types of land uses require different types of building density and street connectivity, that parcel coverage is highly correlated to high local and global street density, and that street network diversity encourages density.


This paper offers a critical perspective on the future of humanitarianism, drawing on the experience of four Latin American emerging countries: Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Mexico. Their experience in the region and beyond provides a mix of characteristics that result in a unique understanding of crisis and response. Latin America is rather well-off and?except for Haiti?is mostly outside the scope of major humanitarian emergencies. However, Latin America is still affected by high inequality, organized crime, and all types of disasters, while hosting a major population displacement in Colombia as a result of civil conflict. Thus, emerging countries of the region remain on the global humanitarian watch list. The paper explores this duality, based on over one hundred semi-structured interviews in the selected countries, complemented with direct observations and primary data analysis. Among significant findings, the paper describes a historical resistance from the region to be seen as the locus of humanitarian crisis, reflected both through capacity building and diplomacy. At least four older and more recent principles of action are identified, namely 'non-indifference', 'reciprocity', 'sustainability', and 'horizontality'. In particular, horizontality underscores a rich diversity of South-South exchanges between line ministries and other offices in charge of specific crises that goes beyond being 'donors'. Indeed, emerging countries explicitly challenge the traditional humanitarian establishment, so their contributions are better understood as reflecting ongoing transformations in their human development and security agendas.


A new class of adaptive nonlinear Hinfin control systems for nonlinear and time-varying processes which include nonlinear parametric models approximated by neural networks (NN), is proposed in this manuscript. Those control schemes are derived as solutions of particular nonlinear Hinfin control problems, where unknown system parameters, approximation and algorithmic errors in NN, and estimation errors of layer weights in NN, are regarded as exogenous disturbances to processes, and thus, in the resulting control systems, LscrH2 gains from those uncertain elements to generalized outputs are made less than gamma(> 0) (prescribed positive constants). The resulting control systems are bounded for arbitrarily large but bounded variations of time-varying parameters and layer weights, and modeling and algorithmic errors in NN approximators


Optimal transport (OT) provides effective tools for comparing and mapping probability measures. We propose to leverage the flexibility of neural networks to learn an approximate optimal transport map. More precisely, we present a new and original method to address the problem of transporting a finite set of samples associated with a first underlying unknown distribution towards another finite set of samples drawn from another unknown distribution. We show that a particular instance of invertible neural networks, namely the normalizing flows, can be used to approximate the solution of this OT problem between a pair of empirical distributions. To this aim, we propose to relax the Monge formulation of OT by replacing the equality constraint on the push-forward measure by the minimization of the corresponding Wasserstein distance. The push-forward operator to be retrieved is then restricted to be a normalizing flow which is trained by optimizing the resulting cost function. This approach allows the transport map to be discretized as a composition of functions. Each of these functions is associated to one sub-flow of the network, whose output provides intermediate steps of the transport between the original and target measures. This discretization yields also a set of intermediate barycenters between the two measures of interest. Experiments conducted on toy examples as well as a challenging task of unsupervised translation demonstrate the interest of the proposed method. Finally, some experiments show that the proposed approach leads to a good approximation of the true OT.


Results in two topics within knowledge representation and reasoning are presented. The first, belief revision, concentrates on incorporation of new knowledge into previous knowledge. The objective of research presented herein is to provide a formal logical framework to evaluate whether a finite set of logical statements, postulates, can be used to characterize a class of belief revision operators. A connection between characterizability by postulates and definability in a fragment of second order logic is established. This connection allows tools from finite model theory to be employed to identify classes of belief revision operators which are not characterizable. This framework is developed in Chapter 1 and extended to the case of Horn belief revision in Chapter 2. In addition, examples of characterizable and non-characterizable classes of belief revision operators are given to demonstrate the application of this framework.

The second topic is a method for inference on conditional knowledge bases proposed by Kern-Isberner et al. A set of conditional statements with associated probabilities form a conditional knowledge base. However, conditional knowledge bases may not contain enough information to fully determine a probability distribution. Therefore, the maximum entropy principle is applied, allowing probabilities of statements outside the knowledge to be inferred. The technique explored in Chapter 4 represents knowledge bases as polynomials and uses methods from computational algebra for inference on new conditional statements. Several examples and experiments were conducted to determine the viability of using this method for inference with arbitrary conditional knowledge bases. Additionally, explanations regarding the algebraic geometry of these examples are given.


In this study, daily river stage–discharge relationship was predicted using different modeling scenarios. Ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) algorithm and wavelet transform (WT) were used as hybrid pre-processing approach. In the WT-EEMD approach, first temporal features were decomposed using WT. Furthermore, the decomposed sub-series were further broken down into intrinsic mode functions via EEMD to obtain features with higher stationary properties. Mutual information was used to select dominant sub-series and determine efficient input dataset. Relevance vector machine (RVM) was applied to forecast river discharge. Three scenarios were developed to predict river stage–discharge process. First, a successive-station form of forecasting was proposed by incorporating geomorphological features into the modeling process. Subsequently, an integrated RVM (I-RVM) was trained based on the concept of the cascade of reservoirs and the meta-learning approach. The proposed I-RVM had the semi-distributed characteristics of the river discharge model. Finally, a multivariate RVM was trained to predict discharge for different points of the river. For this reason Westhope station's features were used as input to predict discharge at downstream of the river. Results were compared with rating curve and capability of proposed models were approved in prediction of short-term river stage–discharge.


We present a rare case of medulloblastoma which presented with unilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss as an initial symptom. A 19-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with a chief complaint of dizziness and facial numbness on the right side. His illness had begun two years previously with sudden hearing loss on the right side, for which he had been treated as an idiopathic sudden hearing loss. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated abnormal signals located mainly in the right middle cerebellar peduncle. We performed partial resection of the tumor by suboccipital craniotomy. The histopathological diagnosis was medulloblastoma. Intrinsic brain tumor is an extremely rare cause of sudden sensorineural hearing loss and is therefore easily overlooked as was in the present case. The present case highlights not only the need to evaluate patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss by magnetic resonance imaging but also the importance of paying attention to intrinsic lesions involving the brainstem. Although this condition like the presented case might be rare, intrinsic brain tumor should be considered as a potential cause of sudden sensorineural hearing loss, as it may be easily missed leading to a delay in appropriate treatment.


: Sleep-disordered breathing is ubiquitous in COPD. Sleep-related hypoxemia results from hypoventilation attributable to reduced respiratory drive and abnormal mechanics, and from probable changes in V/Q matching. An overlap syndrome combining COPD and OSA also has been described. Disturbances in cardiac, hematologic, and pulmonary function, as well as sleep complaints, are common when COPD is complicated by nocturnal hypoxemia, and these sequelae are even more common when COPD and OSA coexist. Treatment with oxygen is the mainstay for COPD and sleep desaturation alone, whereas combined nasal CPAP and oxygen are most frequently used for the overlap syndrome.


In considering the use of estuarine habitats by fish assemblages, alternative views of the assemblage are increasingly being explored, based on functional rather than taxonomic aspects. The allocation of all taxa to a number of functional guilds allows a description of fish assemblages in terms of vertical zonation, habitat preferences, including the substratum preference of benthic/demersal species, and dietary preferences. This paper presents the first comparison of the structure of the fish assemblages in the tidal marshes of 6 European estuaries (Bay of Cadiz, Spain; Mira, Portugal; Loire, France; Westerschelde, The Netherlands; Humber, UK; Forth, UK). Cluster analysis was used to com- pare the assemblages recorded in 29 tidal marsh and associated estuary reference sites. Distinct dif- ferences between estuaries were apparent in comparing the taxonomic structure (species, family) of the assemblages, indicating a division between assemblages of northern and southern Atlantic Euro- pean tidal marshes. The use of ecological guilds successfully separated marsh assemblages domi- nated by freshwater adventitious/diadromous taxa (Loire) from those dominated by marine juvenile taxa (Mira, Forth). Comparisons of vertical distribution guilds indicated a major division between pelagic-dominated (Forth, upper Loire) and benthic-dominated (Cadiz, Westerschelde, Mira, Loire) assemblages. This division was also partly reflected by the dietary preference guilds, with a strong separation between assemblages dominated by planktivores (Forth) and those in which most taxa are either invertebrate feeders (Humber, Cadiz, Westerschelde) or invertebrate/fish feeders (most Mira sites, lower Loire). The very low representation of a primarily piscivorous guild in all sites (in contrast to the fish assemblages of the main estuaries) supports the view that European tidal marshes contain fish assemblages with high proportions of juvenile individuals and may provide significant refugia for life stages vulnerable to predation. Although the comparability of datasets is limited by differences in sampling regimes and methodologies, the use of functional guilds, reflecting different aspects of the use of the marshes, reveals that functional similarities exist between the fish assemblages of Euro- pean tidal marshes, despite considerable taxonomic, physical and chemical differences between the sites. Further modifications to the use of functional guilds are discussed, and recommendations made to refine their value for studying fish assemblages in tidal marsh environments.


We study the accuracy of identified linear time-invariant multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems. Under a stochastic framework, we quantify the effect of the spatial correlation and choice of model structure on the covariance matrix of the transfer function estimates. In particular, it is shown how the variance of a transfer function estimate depends on signal properties and model orders of other modules composing the MIMO system.


No Abstract. Journal of the Society for Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa Vol. 11 (2) 2002: pp. 64-66


Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles of size 20–90 nm and surface area 9.56 m2/g were synthesized from ZnCl2 and Chitosan and characterized by X-ray diffraction, high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Natural rubber (NR) vulcanizates containing nano ZnO was prepared by mill mixing and characterized by SEM, energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), and HRTEM. Cure characteristics, free volume studies, bound rubber, crosslink density, and dynamic mechanical properties were evaluated and compared with that of NR vulcanizate containing conventional micro ZnO. Considering the cure characteristics, it was found that NR vulcanizate with 0.5 phr (parts per 100 g rubber) of nano ZnO showed low values of optimum cure time (t90) and very high cure rate index compared with 5 phr of conventional micro ZnO. The study shows that micro ZnO can be successfully replaced with nano ZnO for accelerated sulfur vulcanization process in NR, and preparation of vulcanizate containing nano ZnO with better properties as that of micro ZnO. The optimum dosage of nano ZnO as a cure activator in NR vulcanization was found to be 0.5 phr compared with conventional grade micro ZnO. This will lead to substantial cost reduction in the manufacture of rubber products and alleviate environmental pollution due to excess ZnO in rubber compounds. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013 © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers


Motivation: De novo transcriptome assembly is an integral part for many RNA-seq workflows. Common applications include sequencing of non-model organisms, cancer or meta transcriptomes. Most de novo transcriptome assemblers use the de Bruijn graph (DBG) as the underlying data structure. The quality of the assemblies produced by such assemblers is highly influenced by the exact word length k. As such no single kmer value leads to optimal results. Instead, DBGs over different kmer values are built and the assemblies are merged to improve sensitivity. However, no studies have investigated thoroughly the problem of automatically learning at which kmer value to stop the assembly. Instead a suboptimal selection of kmer values is often used in practice. Results: Here we investigate the contribution of a single kmer value in a multi-kmer based assembly approach. We find that a comparative clustering of related assemblies can be used to estimate the importance of an additional kmer assembly. Using a model fit based algorithm we predict the kmer value at which no further assemblies are necessary. Our approach is tested with different de novo assemblers for datasets with different coverage values and read lengths. Further, we suggest a simple post processing step that significantly improves the quality of multi-kmer assemblies. Conclusion: We provide an automatic method for limiting the number of kmer values without a significant loss in assembly quality but with savings in assembly time. This is a step forward to making multi-kmer methods more reliable and easier to use. Availability and Implementation:A general implementation of our approach can be found under: https://github.com/SchulzLab/KREATION. Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. Contact: firstname.lastname@example.com


The first-order moment of (d, k)-constrained codes is investigated in this paper. A generalized moment balancing template is proposed to encode a (d, k) sequence into a single insertion or deletion correcting codeword without losing the constraint property. By relocating 0's in moment balancing runs, which appear in a pairwise manner of a (d, k) sequence, the first-order moment of this sequence can be modified to satisfy the Varshamov-Tenengolts construction. With a reasonably large base in the modulo system introduced by the Varshamov-Tenengolts construction, this generalized moment balancing template can be applied to run-length limited sequences. The asymptotic bound of the redundancy introduced by the template for (d, k) sequences is of the same order as the universal template for random sequences and, therefore, the redundancy is small and suitable for long sequences of practical interest.


Human intestinal organoids (HIOs) generated from pluripotent stem cells provide extraordinary opportunities to explore development and disease. Here, we generate a single-cell transcriptome reference atlas from HIOs and from multiple developing human organs to quantify the specificity of HIO cell fate acquisition, and to explore alternative fates. We identify epithelium-mesenchyme interactions, transcriptional regulators involved in cell fate specification, and stem cell maturation features in the primary tissue that are recapitulated in HIOs. We use an HIO time course to reconstruct the molecular dynamics of intestinal stem cell emergence, as well as the specification of multiple mesenchyme subtypes. We find that the intestinal master regulator CDX2 correlates with distinct phases of epithelial and mesenchymal development, and CDX2 deletion perturbs the differentiation of both intestinal epithelium and mesenchyme. Collectively our data provides a comprehensive and quantitative assessment of HIO development, and illuminates the molecular machinery underlying endodermal and mesodermal cell fate specification.


The Covid-19 pandemic had a particularly severe impact on people in a vulnerable position, such as solo mothers living alone with their children. In this article I use an intersectional approach in order to understand how their different positions in life affected their ability to cope with the crisis situation. I present a longitudinal qualitative study of the situation of solo mothers in the Czech Republic during the Covid-19 crisis, based on repeated interviews with women from three Czech regions. The preliminary findings indicate that a crucial factor in the women's ability to cope with increased care responsibilities was the kind of job they had before the pandemic hit. Women with higher qualifications and stable jobs faced a decline in income coupled with stress resulting from a conflation of paid work and care. In response, they reduced their professional ambitions. Women who were unemployed or lost their job during the pandemic faced long-term unemployment, and the jobs that they were offered on the labour market were forms of precarious employment. For all of them, irrespective of their work situation, the pandemic deepened their sense of vulnerability, and all of them experienced some form of economic hardship. The lack of any systemic support and the ignoring of the needs of (solo) parents (and children) were accompanied by the individual responsibilisation of the mothers. As a consequence, old inequalities deepened and new ones emerged.


The emergence of cyber espionage, as well as the ability to leak gathered sensitive information, has exacerbated the complexity of determining the legality of espionage under international law. Cyber espionage, just like other cyber operations, offers a highly sophisticated, relatively inexpensive, and accessible medium to achieve certain informational, political, and operational goals. The indeterminacy of cyber espionage in international law has given rise to various arguments as to which international norms and principles are applicable to cyber espionage. Divergent positions, however, focus only on certain aspects of cyber espionage. For this reason, the scope of legal treatment of cyber espionage is limited and lacks context. The purpose of this article is to reject this dichotomous approach and propose a more nuanced framework for addressing cyber espionage in international law. Cyber operations should be analyzed on a continuum that triggers different norms depending on the context and consequences. The contextual approach focuses on the effects of a cyber operation and the context in which it occurs to determine the relevant set of norms applicable to it.


Research problem: In contemporary knowledge-intensive spaces, workers often team with experts from different disciplinary backgrounds and different geographic locations and, thus, they face the challenge of integrating knowledge in their work. When modeling how communication can be improved in these circumstances, previous studies have often relied on social network analysis to understand the aggregate exchanges among team members. In this study, rather than analyze social networks (people linked by communication), we argue that network analysis of knowledge networks (people linked by common knowledge) presents an opportunity to better understand and address the challenge of knowledge integration in organizational contexts. Research questions: 1. How can professional communicators use the distribution of knowledge on teams as a structure for planning interventions in the work of complex, collaborative teams? 2. What kinds of insights do networks of specific knowledge areas offer professional communicators about team communication challenges? Literature review: We describe prior uses of network analysis in professional communication research that inform our development of a knowledge network. In particular, we review current literature and highlight network-based concepts that we believe are organizing principles of knowledge networks. Previous literature has shown that network models, particularly social network models, are useful tools for professional communication researchers to examine a range of communication factors and practices. However, professional communication research has yet to fully explore the possible contributions of knowledge networks to understand communication processes. Methodology: We conducted an ethnography of a team science collaboration and used observations to create a survey of terms that measured subjects' self-professed understanding of key concepts. We used the survey results to produce a bimodal network model of agents and terms, in which we binarized link values after filtering for only the highest-rated terms for each subject. Results: The model demonstrated that the team collaboration broke into two distinct groupings. Ego networks extracted from this parent network showed that concepts commonly well-understood in the team join together multiple subgroups of expert knowledge. Conclusions: The knowledge network is a useful instrument in helping team members understand possibilities for integrating knowledge across disciplines and subspecialties. The visual produced by this model also can be useful for developing research questions and strategizing work processes.


Poster prepared for the HSRC Social Sciences Research Conference; 'Social innovation and the promotion of social science research', Saint George Conference Centre, 12-14 September


Objective: Chloroquine has been frequently administered for treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 but there are serious concerns about its efficacy and cardiac safety. Our objective was to investigate the pharmacokinetics and safety of chloroquine in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Design: A prospective observational study. Setting: Dutch hospitals Patients: Patients admitted to the hospital for treatment of COVID-19. Interventions: Pharmacokinetic sampling Measurements: The plasma concentrations of chloroquine and desethylchloroquine and QTc time. Main Results: A total of 83 patients were included. The median (IQR) plasma concentration chloroquine during treatment was 1.05 mol/L (0.63 - 1.55 mol/L). None of the patients reached exposure exceeding the concentration to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication by 90% (IC90) of 6.9 M. Furthermore, {Delta}QTc >60 milliseconds occurred after initiation of chloroquine treatment in 34% patients and during treatment QTc [≥]500 milliseconds was observed in 46% of patients. Conclusions: Recommended dose chloroquine treatment results in plasma concentrations that are unlikely to inhibit viral replication. Furthermore, the incidence of QTc prolongation was high. The preclinical promise of chloroquine as antiviral treatment in patients with COVID-19 is overshadowed by its cardiac toxicity and lack of effective exposure. It is unlikely that a positive clinical effect will be found with chloroquine for treatment of COVID-19.


Patients who develop locally recurrent uterine corpus or uterine cervix cancer after primary surgery are usually treated with radiotherapy. The optimal radiotherapeutic approach, however, has not been defined. We report the use of exploratory laparotomy, omental pedicle grafting, and intraoperative transperineal interstitial brachytherapy in the treatment of 28 such patients (10 with recurrent corpus and 18 with recurrent cervix cancer). In addition, 22 patients also received perioperative whole pelvic teletherapy while 21 also received a second closed interstitial application. Local control was achieved in 20 patients (71%), but only 10 (36%) continue to be alive without disease after a median of 44 months. Eighteen patients have died (17 of disease) a median of 13 months after open implant. Patients treated with a single implant (n = 7), with side wall involvement (n = 5), with tumors greater than 6 cm in size (n = 4), with a history of previous pelvic irradiation (n = 8), or with persistent disease after open interstitial therapy (n = 8), were not salvaged. Ten patients suffered acute morbidity which included deep venous thrombosis (n = 1), wound separation (n = 1), urinary infection (n = 2), wound infection (n = 2), pneumonia (n = 1), and fever (n = 3). Two other patients experienced chronic non-tumor-related comorbidities. These included a vesicovaginal fistula with a rectovaginal fistula in 1 patient and a small bowel obstruction with a ureteral stricture in another. A single individual suffered from both acute and chronic complications (fever, ureterointestinal fistula).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)


ABSTRACT Different approaches for the functional finishing of textile are now assessed as the popular subjects. In this respect wool fabrics were dyed with the leaves of oak and acorn (the different parts of the oak tree). The dyeing processes were carried out by using different mordants in different mordanting-dyeing processes. The samples were then investigated in terms of the obtained colors, fastness values, and UV protection features. It was observed that by use of acorn and oak leaves, the wool fabrics can be colored even when the mordanting agents were not used. In that case, the fastness values to washing, rubbing, and light were perfect too. Addition of the different mordanting agents caused different colors. Generally brown colors in different shades were obtained during the studies and the mordanting method was also found as responsible for the differences in obtained colors. Meanwhile, it was observed that the undyed wool has exhibited an UV protection feature but by using different natural dye sources, the UV protection feature of the fabrics was significantly increased. It was also found that UV protection properties of the fabrics increased with only mordants (without dyeing) as well.


In November 1970, the Educational Foundation of the American Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons, in cooperation with the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, presented a symposium on aesthetic surgery of the face, eyelid, and breast. The proceedings of this symposium have now been published. Special attention has been given to critical areas, pitfalls, and unnecessary complications that a surgeon might encounter in these areas of aesthetic surgery. This volume is composed of contributions by 38 practicing plastic surgeons who are also noted teachers in the field. It has been edited to serve as a reference source for standardized approaches to cosmetic surgery of the face, eyelid, and breast with emphasis placed not only on what to do and how to do it, but also on what not to do. There is a remarkably candid introductory section on socioeconomic considerations of aesthetic surgery, something rarely seen in print. This


Introduction: Congenital muscular torticollis (CMT), primarily resulting from unilateral shortening and fibrosis of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. One of the common surgical complications is recurrent deformity. However, the associations between unipolar or bipolar release, age of the patient, and the recurrence of the disease are unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the factors associated with recurrence after surgery. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review was performed in 47 patients who were diagnosed with CMT and had been treated surgically with unipolar or bipolar release between January 2007 and December 2015. Demographic data (sex, sides, surgical technique, age at time of surgery, period of follow-up, complications and recurrence) were recorded. Results: Forty-seven patients with an average age of 8.7 years old at time of surgery. Twenty-six patients had right-sided muscular torticollis, while 21 had left-sided. The average follow-up time was 2 years (range, 2–4 years). The average age of unipolar release was 8.8 years old (range, 218 years old), while the average age of bipolar release was 8.7 years old (range, 2–13 years old). Recurrence occurred in 11 patients (9 in unipolar and 2 in bipolar release). Sex, side of deformity, type of surgery and age at time of surgery showed no statistically significant as a factor for recurrence rate, however recurrence of unipolar more than bipolar surgery was nearly two times revealing clinical significance. Conclusions: Sex, side of deformity, type of surgery and age at time of surgery were not associated with the recurrence deformity.


Since the colonial era, the expansion of the Senegalese economy was greatly sustained by the agricultural sector in which more than three-fourths of the total population were involved. A 2.3 percent average annual growth of total production during the sixties matched the speed at which the agricultural population was growing and the rural economy was engaged in a kind of equilibrium path. During the late sixties and early seventies, the situation began to change with an agricultural production growth rate dropping to the neighborhood of 1.3 percent against 2.8 percent for total population. Such a situation which is prevailing at the present time is seriously striking if we know that the agricultural sector should produce not only enough food for a rapidly growing population, but also raw materials for the development of local industries, mostly based on peanut and cotton. Per capita food production has been very unstable with large annual fluctuations but the trend has been clearly declining. World Bank experts noted that this situation is observed in the more general setting of Sub-Saharan Africa and especially the Sahel region of which Senegal is part. They observed that this phenomenon occurred over a period when local authorities and foreign aid focused more than ever before on food production projects. In the specific setting of Senegal, food problems have been a major policy issue since the early years of the drought, but some analysts support that a trend of shortage was already clear by 1960, the year of independence. The present food crisis is the result of various causes that have been in play for a long time.


Cowden syndrome (CS), also known as multiple hamartoma-neoplasia syndrome, is an autosomal dominant disease with numerous possible clinical manifestations.1 Commonly present are skin changes including acral keratoses and facial trichilemmomas, as well as oral papillomas and scrotal tongue. There is an increased risk of malignancies including breast, thyroid, and endometrial cancers. Hamartomas may affect multiple systems including the skin, gastrointestinal tract, central nervous system, breast, and thyroid.1

CS is the result of germline mutations in the PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10) gene on chromosome subband 10q23.2 Germline PTEN mutations have been described in a family with CS with one member with Lhermitte-Duclos disease (LDD),2,3 Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome (in the past variously called Bannayan-Zonana, Riley-Smith, or Ruvalcaba-Myhre-Smith syndrome)4 as well as some cases of Proteus syndrome.5–7 These diseases resulting from germline PTEN mutations are grouped as the PTEN hamartoma-tumour syndrome (PHTS).8 Lhermitte-Duclos disease is characterised by dysplastic gangliocytoma of the cerebellum, usually presenting with signs of cerebellar dysfunction, cranial nerve palsies, and raised intracranial pressure.9,10 Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome is characterised by macrocephaly, lipomatosis, and pigmented macules of the glans penis.8 Proteus syndrome, by contrast, is characterised by hemihypertrophy, macrocephaly, connective tissue naevi, and lipomatosis.5

Here we present a case of a male proband with LDD found to have a de novo PTEN mutation, whose son, with the same mutation, had macrocephaly, developmental delay, preaxial polydactyly, and wormian bones. This case raises the question of whether the last two features in the son relate to the PTEN mutation or are a coincidental occurrence. Of relevance, we show that the proband's de novo germline PTEN mutation arose on the paternal chromosome.

### PTEN mutation analysis

Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leucocytes from the proband, his son, and the proband's parents …


Fluid secretion by the fetal pulmonary epithelium is thought to be important for normal lung development yet little is known about factors regulating its production. As prostaglandins are synthesized in human fetal lung and stimulate secretion in a variety of epithelia, we investigated the effect of prostaglandins E2 and F2a (PGE2 and PGF2 alpha) on ion transport and fluid secretion in cultured first trimester human fetal lung tissue explants. We used conventional microelectrodes to continuously record the transepithelial potential difference (psi t). The addition of either PGE2 or PGF2 alpha to the bathing solution significantly hyperpolarized the lumen negative psi t and the subsequent addition of bumetanide, an inhibitor of chloride secretion in other systems, depolarized psi t by approximately 60% suggesting chloride transport contributed to the voltage. To assess whether this acute change in psi t represented stimulation of fluid secretion, we measured the change in luminal area of the explants after a 24-h exposure to prostaglandins. Both PGE2 and PGF2 alpha caused significant increases in the mean % luminal area of the explants compared with control tissues consistent with a stimulation of lung fluid secretion. Cultured lung tissue explants produced prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha as assessed by radioimmunoassay of cell culture media samples and both prostaglandins stimulated cAMP accumulation in the explants. These findings show that lung fluid secretion in the human fetal pulmonary epithelium can be stimulated by prostaglandins. This effect may be mediated through cAMP dependent pathways. Prostaglandins may play a physiologic role in regulation of fetal lung fluid transport in vivo.


The photoluminescence (PL) from the I 1 centre is observed in p-, n-type as well as in compensated samples, using above band gap excitation. The PL from I 1 in the two polytypes 4H and 6H is very similar, the difference being the position of the main peak, in 4H 1.1521 eV and 1.1057 eV in 6H. We here suggest I-1 to be Mo related based on intentional doping, SIMS results and comparison with earlier reports of Mo in SiC using magnetic resonance techniques. From PL measurements, we analyze the electron structure of the defect, and suggest it be the neutral Mo (4d2) residing on a Si site, the luminescence coming from the transition between the 3A2 multiplet of the first excited electronic configuration and the ground state 3A2.


This paper uses micro data on household wealth to construct age-specific balance sheets for the household sector in 13 euro area countries. These data complement the information captured in National Transfer Accounts (NTA), which are a system of satellite accounts that break down National Accounts by age. So far NTA include only information on age averages of flows, such as asset income and saving. The age-specific balance sheets provide information on the stock and the type of assets held by individuals as well as information on the distribution of assets within age groups. They illustrate the large differences in level, type and age pattern of asset ownership across countries. However, they also show that these results are largely driven by the group of wealthy households. With the exception of home ownership the value of assets is rather low in the majority of households in all the analysed countries.


Measuring the dispersion of productivity or efficiency across firms in a market or industry is rife with methodological issues. Nevertheless, the existence of considerable dispersion now is well documented and widely accepted. Less well understood are the economic features and mechanisms underlying the magnitude of dispersion and how dispersion varies over time or across markets. On the one hand, selection mechanisms in both output and input markets should favor the most productive units through resource reallocation, thereby reducing dispersion. On the other hand, innovation and technological uncertainty tend to increase dispersion. This chapter presents a guide to the measurement of dispersion and provides empirical evidence from a selection of countries and industries using a variety of methodologies.


This Article offers a novel justification for why those who are prominent public officials or public figures should be subject to a higher threshold to claim damages for intentional infliction of emotional distress due to offensive speech. Since 1988, in Hustler v. Falwell, the Supreme Court has justified such a higher threshold by arguing that offensive speech regarding public officials and public figures would help the audience in its search for truth. I will show, however, that the Court's reliance on the search for truth is unpersuasive on its own terms as well as logically incoherent. I will argue that the Court should adopt a better justification, one that seeks to cultivate an ethos of partial hostility on the part of the people against public officials and public figures. To offer this justification is not to make an exotic bid for anarchy nor to take up the fashionable banner of the Tea Party. It is to return to the Constitution's most basic logic, which is rooted not chiefly in the search for truth, but in popular sovereignty, the idea that the people, not their leaders, should have political authority. To that end, the ethos of partial hostility, I will argue, is a natural outcome of popular sovereignty and works to preempt conditions in which leaders can command excessive deference.


A numerical model of an electromagnetic shaker (a linear actuator used for active vibration control) is constructed based on magnetostatic analyses and response surface models. This model is incorporated into a transient circuit simulator to obtain the frequency response of the shaker and its behavior at resonance. The simulation results are compared to experimental measurements.


In this paper, the problem of autonomous orbit control is addressed, for a spacecraft driven by an electric propulsion system composed of a Hall effect thruster and a resistojet. The considered reference mission is a low Earth orbit typical for observation satellites. An extended Kalman filter processes the measurements coming from GPS, gyro and star-tracker sensors, in order to estimate the spacecraft position and velocity. A hybrid continuous/impulsive control scheme is implemented to track the desired reference signals. The effectiveness of the proposed system is analyzed via numerical simulations.


Video frame interpolation (VFI) is the task that synthesizes the intermediate frame given two consecutive frames. Most of the previous studies have focused on appropriate frame warping operations and refinement modules for the warped frames. These studies have been conducted on natural videos containing only continuous motions. However, many practical videos contain various unnatural objects with discontinuous motions such as logos, user interfaces and subtitles. We propose three techniques that can make the existing deep learning-based VFI architectures robust to these elements. First is a novel data augmentation strategy called figure-text mixing (FTM) which can make the models learn discontinuous motions during training stage without any extra dataset. Second, we propose a simple but effective module that predicts a map called discontinuity map (D-map), which densely distinguishes between areas of continuous and discontinuous motions. Lastly, we propose loss functions to give supervisions of the discontinuous motion areas which can be applied along with FTM and D-map. We additionally collect a special test benchmark called Graphical Discontinuous Motion (GDM) dataset consisting of some mobile games and chatting videos. Applied to the various state-of-the-art VFI networks, our method significantly improves the interpolation qualities on the videos from not only GDM dataset, but also the existing benchmarks containing only continuous motions such as Vimeo90K, UCF101, and DAVIS.


This paper deals with the problem of solving stochastic games (which have numerous business and economic applications), using the interesting tools of Learning Automata (LA), the precursors to Reinforcement Learning (RL). Classical LA systems that possess properties of absorbing barriers, have been used as powerful tools in game theory to devise solutions that converge to the game's Nash equilibrium under limited information(Sastry, Phansalkar, and Thathachar 1994). Games with limited information are intrinsically hard because the player does not know the actions chosen of other players, neither their outcomes. The player might not be even aware of the fact that he/she is playing against an opponent.
With the state-of-the-art, the numerous works in LA applicable for solving game theoretical problems, can merely solve the case where the game possesses a Saddle Point in a pure strategy.
They are unable to reach mixed Nash equilibria when a Saddle Point is non-existent in pure strategies. Additionally, within the field of LA and RL in general, the theoretical and applied schemes of LA with artificial barriers are scarce, even though incorporating artificial barriers in LA has served as a powerful and yet under-explored concept, since its inception in the 1980's. More recently, the phenomenon of introducing artificial non-absorbing barriers was pioneered, and this renders the LA schemes to be resilient to being trapped in absorbing barriers. In this paper, we devise a LA with artificial barriers for solving a general form of stochastic bimatrix games. The problem's complexity has been augmented with the scenario that we consider games in which there is no Saddle Point. By resorting to the above-mentioned powerful concept of artificial reflecting barriers, we propose a LA that converges to an optimal mixed Nash equilibrium even though there may be no Saddle Point when a pure strategy is invoked.


This paper dealt with a problem of vibration suppression of a piezoelectric beam using a self-sensing algorithm. Two methods, which are PPF(positive position feedback) and SRF(strain rate feedback), were considered to suppress a residual vibration of a piezoelectric beam developed during the step positioning of a beam end point. A self-sensing algorithm treated here is basically a strain rate estimator of a beam movement and is to be used for the closed loop control. The efficacy of the proposed idea was evaluated through experiments.


Almost half of children <5 years old living in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) suffer from vitamin A deficiency and 60% suffer from iron deficiency. Thus, there has been a strong commitment to breeding for, promoting awareness of, and delivering adapted pro-vitamin A rich orange-fleshed sweetpotato (OFSP) in SSA during the past two decades and for enhanced iron content since 2014. This review article focuses on major breeding efforts in SSA to enhance the drought tolerance of OFSP and reviews integrated crop management practices for improved and sustained sweetpotato production in SSA farming systems. Under climate change, the frequency and severity of droughts is expected to increase. Technical issues are presented in the context of addressing challenges along the entire value chain to ensure adoption. First, the use of an accelerated breeding scheme reduced the breeding cycle from 8–10 to 4–5 years. Since 2010, 19 drought-tolerant OFSP cultivars have been released in Mozambique, 7 in Malawi, and 2 in South Africa. Moreover, research in four breeding populations using the heterosis exploiting breeding scheme (HEBS) demonstrated that within one breeding cycle of 5 years, clones with significantly higher root yield, abiotic tolerance, host plant resistance to pests and diseases, and early maturity can be produced. In the future, HEBS will be combined with greater use of modern genomic tools, new phenotyping tools, and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing. Second, beyond genetic enhancements, evidence is presented that using improved crop management systems, existing sweetpotato yields can be increased 2–4 times. Current knowledge is reviewed concerning sweetpotato's role in diverse farming systems, but integrated crop management is clearly under researched. Third, the outlook for drought tolerance breeding indicates that two distinct classes of nutrient-rich cultivars are emerging: (1) Early maturing cultivars (<4 month growing period) that escape drought but also serve humid environments with small landholding size per capita; and (2) Medium maturing (4–6 month growing period) cultivars that avoid drought, are drought tolerant and exhibit continuous root formation. Increasing commercialization of the crop and climate change will drive demand, and the willingness of farmers to invest in improved sweetpotato crop management.


SIR,-Like so many other doctors I have been appalled by the presentation and content of Doctors' Orders. It is based on the myth of the magical omniscience of the doctor in matters of " health " which belongs to the pre-scientific era of medicine. The advice given on diet implies acceptance of overnutrition as normal rather than as being one of the conunonest diseases of modern civilization. Nonsense such as " from the health point of view, clothes should be warm, loose, and comfortable, allowing the body to breathe and sweat " recur on almost every page, indicating homely ignorance of physiology. This sort of stuff could be ignored if there was any attempt to distinguish untutored opinion from conclusions based on scientific study, but there is no such attempt. My personal objections are unimportant, but the pamphlet carries on its front page " Published by the British Medical Association." If this statement is based on official acceptance by the Association of the contents of Doctors' Orders those who feel as I do will have to consider resignation. If, however, the Association has given the pamphlet no official sanction a public apology should be made as soon as possible with an announcement that the Association gives no support to " health education " such as this, which, since it has little foundation in scientific study, is largely irrelevant to the prevention of disease. I hope that this apology and announcement ,will be made before subscriptions to the Association fall due for renewal next year.-I am, etc., Richmond, Surrey. C. M. FLETCHER.


This study aims to examine the formability of drawing cups having square shapes through direct deep drawing process on a single action press through one pass. This can be accomplished by conducting an FE simulation and performing an experimental investigation on steel substrate type AISI 1008 blank with diameter and thickness dimensions 80, 0.5 mm respectively. To explore and analyze the formability of such a drawing process, two process parameters have been included in this work which is the speed of punch (30 and 300 mm/min) and the lubrication state (with machine oil and dry drawing). Both direct and indirect measurements of thickness strain have been adopted as an indicator of the sheet formability. The results of both FE simulation and experimental work demonstrate that the square drawing of the AISI sheet has been accomplished for all the four cups produced since the highest thinning over the cup wall does not exceed 25% of the original thickness. Generally, there is a good match between the experimental values of the indirect method and the FEM results for all models such that the largest deviation is about 25%. The direct method of thickness measurement is determined to be non-confident as strain values are practically unacceptable. Additionally, higher formability of the sheet has been realized at lower punch speeds. Furthermore, no significant difference has been observed in the formability at both speeds of punch when using a lubricant compared to the dry drawing operation.


Keywords: symbols, local culture, television commercials, semiotics

Television advertising is currently growing popularity of the various views and creativity. One of the media to deliver message effectively is to use the language of symbols which in this case is that there is a visual language on a daily ad impressions Surya morning. Culture is also a medium for communicating that always brings teachings - teachings, and also value - a lofty normative values. Surya daily advertising this morning shows all the elements - namely cultural elements of local culture and also Bromo Tengger society as an icon of East Java. Attraction researchers raised this ad as research objects because of the looks, the local culture is packaged in a visualization audiovisual quite interesting, especially the setting of the location, camera techniques as well as objects - objects that are used which will reflect the diverse cultural richness that exists in Indonesia and Bromo with Tenggernya community as one of the many tribes and local cultures that still hold firm Archipelago will value - the value of ancestral culture. The formulation of the problem in this research is what is the meaning of the symbols of local culture in television ads Daily Morning Surya version of "Mount Bromo". While the goal is to find out about the meaning of local cultural symbols in advertisements Daily Morning Solar Mount Bromo in the television version.
Theory - the theory that a reference and basis of this research is to Ferdinand Saussure about putting a sign in the context of human communication by sorting between signifier (signifiant) and signified (the signified). Charles Sander Peirce's theory is also a reference in understanding the meaning of the sign - a sign contained in the Surya daily advertising that says that there are three types of index marks, icons, and symbols, other than that which gave birth to Richard Ivor Armstrong Semantic Triangle theory, which says that at this point its peak there is reference (mind) which menunujukan back memories of the past about a reality in the present context. While there are underlying referent and symbol. Referent object is perceived and created the impression in memory. While the symbol is the word - the word used to refer to the referent or object. From the above theories, the theory of Roland Barthes is a theory used in this research analysis process. This theory is more oriented towards the idea of the significance of two stages. Barthes explains that the significance of the first stage is the relationship between signifier and signified in a sign of external reality. Barthes called it a denotation, which is the most obvious meaning of the sign. Connotation is the term used by Barthes to show the significance of the second stage.
To uncover the meaning of the signs contained in this television ad text, the researcher used the semiotic method that refers to Roland Barthes's model, where the meaning of signs through two levels of denotation and connotation. Barthes also look at other aspects of tagging is called a myth. Then type this research is descriptive, while the scope of this research is setting the location, the colors that dominate, body language and voice over television commercials that appear in the Daily Morning Surya version of "Mount Bromo". Data collected by way of seeing and reading the tape, and supported by several documents and literature data. To make it easier to know the hidden meaning behind the television ads Daily Morning Surya version of "Mount Bromo" then made a map table Roland Barthes first sign that contains levels of meaning and sign connotative denotative sign.
The results of this study indicate that in television ads Daily Morning Surya TV version of "Mount Bromo", then it can be explained that the meaning - the meaning of symbols of local culture in the ad featuring Mount Bromo and Tengger society as an interpretation of the birth, grandeur, and the character of a print media in East Java, which is named as a morning daily newspaper Surya, explores news - especially news about East Java to the area - areas not yet touched by the media - other mass media. This can be seen from the model of traditional clothing worn in the ad. While the dark horse that is used daily is a representation of Surya, although its existence was not seeded, daily Surya still make every effort to become a leading print media, the dominance of colors calm and gentle voice over the sound of a man who steadily and firmly, setting locations in the Mount Bromo that exist only in East Java.
From the final results of this study concluded that in the ads studied, cultural symbols is a very appropriate material as a part of the elements of an advertisement, in this case is Mount Bromo which is a symbol of East Java in particular and Indonesia in general are also icons. To the researchers recommended that further expand further references associated with the study of semiotics, and dig deeper into the critical signs that it is less deep pemaknaannya. From the research that has been done, it is expected to become inputs for the ad creators in producing an original ad and is the representation of values - noble values and further highlight the nation's cultural wealth of diverse local cultures that exist throughout the archipelago, so that ads can be a symbolic representation of reality - local cultural symbols that exist in society.


In the past several years, there has been an increased appreciation for the importance of including cultural and ethnic factors in the evaluation and treatment of patients in psychiatry. Most of the focus has been on understanding the patients' psychosocial milieu and how these factors contribute to the patient's overall clinical presentation. Few studies have addressed the significance of pharmacogenetic heterogeneity among various cultural, ethnic, and racial groups. This article reviews the pharmacogenetic data and summarizes the sparse pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data that pertain to the treatment of mood disorders in different ethnic and racial groups.


USIBOR 1500 P® is a coated C-Mn steel, micro-alloyed with boron, with excellent processing properties in hot stamping, both in terms of formability, quenchability and surface protection, and leading to superior mechanical properties on the formed part. Arcelor Research is developing a numerical tool to support the feasibility analysis and to optimize the design of hot stamped parts made of USIBOR 1500P®. Among the numerous bricks of such a simulation methodology, formability data of the material are of primary importance as the forming analysis relies on them to make a decision in terms of feasibility. Up to now, there was no experimental procedure available in literature to determine the forming limits of hot stamping material, taking into account the specificities of this process. This paper reports about the research performed in this field. First, an efficient experimental set-up which allows varying all the desired process conditions has been developed. Several hundred Nakazima hot stamping tests have been carried out for various process parameters (stroke, velocity, friction and heat exchange) and blank para-meters (temperature, thickness and shape). The third step consisted in developing and vali-dating an accurate analysis scheme to determine the critical strain values based on the Bragard method. Finally, the critical strain values have been confirmed and comparisons with industrial parts for various process conditions have been performed. In this paper these two last steps are mainly presented.


This volume covers the proceedings ofthe ICASE/LaRC workshop on "Finite Element Theory and Application" held during July 28-30, 1986. The purpose of this workshop was to provide an update on the status of finite element theory, to assess the impactoftbis theory on practice, and to suggest directions for Cuture research. There were thirteen participants in the workshop. Some of them were leading mathematicians working on the finite element theory, and the rest expert practitioners in the areas of fluid dynamics and structural analysis. The first six articles in this volume provide a brief review of the theoretical and computational aspects of finite element methods (FEM). The remaining seven articles deal with a variety of applications highlighting the type of results that are possible, and indicating areas which deserve future research. The first article is by Temam. lt provides an introduction and overview of the general finite element methods for the nonspecialist. lt also illustrates the power of finite element methods with two specific applications-the free surface flowjstructure interaction problern and the compressible Euler solu tion to the flow past a finite aspect ratio flat plate at incidence. The second article by Brezzi is againan introduction and overview ofmixed finite element methods. lt includes a brief discussion of special techniques for solving the discrete problem, as weil as some applications to certain basic problems in elasticity and hydrodynamics."


OBJECTIVE
To determine the effect of mode of ligation and bracket material on resistance to sliding (RS) by comparing various esthetic brackets of conventionally ligated and self-ligating (SL) designs under an increasing applied moment in the second-order dimension.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Eight different commercially available esthetic brackets of SL and conventional elastomeric-ligated (CL) designs were mounted on a testing apparatus to simulate canine retraction using sliding mechanics and the application of a moment on 0.019″×0.025″ stainless steel archwire. The samples examined were the CL brackets Clarity™, Inspire Ice™, SpiritMB™, and Mystique™, and the SL brackets ClaritySL™, In-OvationC™, In-OvationR™, and Smartclip™. The RS at calculated moments of 2000 g-mm and 4000 g-mm was determined and compared between the various brackets. Descriptive measures and one-way analysis of variance were used to calculate means and statistical differences among the bracket types.

RESULTS
The CL monocrystalline bracket displayed significantly greater (P < .05) RS than all other brackets tested. Among the other brackets, the range of RS values was 145.8-191.7 g and 291.9-389.2 g at moments of 2000 g-mm and 4000 g-mm, respectfully, though these differences were not significant (P < .05). All brackets tested displayed greater levels of RS (P < .05) at 4000 g-mm than at 2000 g-mm.

CONCLUSION
With the exception of the CL monocrystalline bracket, all brackets displayed comparable amounts of RS regardless of mode of ligation or bracket slot material.


This thesis describes the synthesis and coordination chemistry of bicyclic phosphorus-nitrogen (PN) ligands containing the rigid and preorganised bicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-one framework. The PN ligands were prepared via the Mannich condensation reaction of four different phosphorinanone classes with amines and aldehydes. The phosphorinanone compounds, 2,6-dimethyl-3,5-diphenyl-4-phenyl-4- phosphacyclohexanone (isomers 50 and 51), 3,5-diphenyl-4-phenyl-4- phosphacyclohexanone (44, 45) and 4-phenyl-4-phosphacyclohexanone (42) were prepared by literature methods, whereas the isomers of 4-t-butyl-2,6- di(carbomethoxy) - 3,5 - bis(p - dimethylaminophenyl) - 4 - phosphacyclohexanone (53, 54) were synthesised by the reaction of ButPH2 with 2,4-di(carbomethoxy)- 1,5 - bis(p - dimethylaminophenyl)penta - 1,4 - dien - 3 - one (38). The Mannich reactions of phosphorinanones 50 and 51 were not successful, whereas the reactions of 44, 45 and 42 produced unidentifiable products. The reaction of phosphorinanone 53 with methylamine and formaldehyde produced the bicyclic PN compound 7-t-butyl-1,5-di(carbomethoxy)-6,8-bis(p-dimethylaminophenyl)- 3 - methyl - 3 - aza - 7 - phosphabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan - 9 - one (65). The identical Mannich reaction of phosphorinanone 54 also yielded 65, as well as the PN compound 4-t-butyl-6-carbomethoxy-5-(p-dimethylaminophenyl)- 2-methyl-2-aza-4-phosphacyclohexanone (66) and the E/Z isomers of 3-(p-dimethylaminophenyl)methyl-2-propenoate (67). The bicyclic PN ligand 65 adopts a chair-chair conformation in solution and the solid state as confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The coordination chemistry of this ligand was comprehensively explored with rhodium, palladium and platinum, and a wide range of complexes were synthesised including [ML2(65)] (M = Pd, Pt; L = Cl, Me), [ML(65)] (M = Rh, Pd, Pt; L = C2H4, cod, dba, norb) (cod = cycloocta-1,5-diene, dba = trans,trans- dibenzylideneacetone, norb = norborn-2-ene), [Pd(n3 -C3H5)(65)]X (X = Cl, SbF6) and [PtL(65)]CH(SO2CF3)2 (L = 1-o,4-5-n-C8H13, 1-3-n-C8H13). Cycloplatination at the ortho-position of the 6,8-dimethylaminophenyl sub- stituents was an interesting feature of the coordination chemistry of PN ligand 65. Ortho-metallation at both dimethylaminophenyl groups led to the formation of complex [Pt(C2H4)(65-2H)] (76), whereas metallation of only one aryl group produced the complex [Pt(C8H13)(65-H)] (87). Further reaction of complex 76 yielded the trans- and cis-hydroxo-bridged dimers [Pt2(u-OH)2(65-H)2] (98, 101). The nitrogen donor atom is not coordinated to the platinum metal centres in the cyclometallated PN complexes. Protonation of [Pt(C2H4)(65)] (75) with CH2(SO2CF3)2 produced the hydride complex [PtH{CH(SO2CF3)2}(65)] (92) and the agostic ethyl complex [Pt(C2H5)(65)]CH(SO2CF3)2 (93). Similarly, protonation of [Pt(norb)(65)] (74) with CHPh(SO2CF3)2 gave the norbornyl agostic complex [Pt(C7H11)(65)]CPh(SO2CF3)2 (94) as confirmed by X-ray crystallography.  In addition, hydrated analogues of some of the coordination complexes of PN ligand 65 mentioned previously were also observed. In such complexes, the central carbonyl group at position 9 was hydrated to form a geminal diol. The hydrated complexes exhibited similar chemical characteristics to their ketone counterparts. The 15N NMR chemical shifts of the nitrogen donor atom in PN ligand 65 and its various metal complexes were obtained from inversely-detected 1H- 15N HMBC experiments. The NMR data showed no explicit relationship between the coordination mode of the nitrogen group and the 15N chemical shift.


Background and aims: One of the primary duties that circulating and scrub nurses fulfill is to record instruments used and procedures adopted during a surgical operation. An appropriate checklist based on evidence and guidelines can reduce the occurrence of legal and ethical complications in this field. The present research was performed to explore perspectives of operating room personnel on both the existing checklist and the improved one that was produced on the basis of evidence and guidelines available in Isfahan's Alzahra University Hospital. Methods: This one-group and two-stage trial study examined perspectives of 28 operating room personnel on both the existing Surgical Safety Checklist and the improved one. The latter was provided on the basis of books, results of studies, and qualified specialists' attitudes. The first section of the questionnaire was distributed to the sample in order to conduct an opinion poll about the present checklist. Next, they were asked to have the improved checklist for 3 weeks. Finally, another opinion poll was carried out about this checklist. The data were analyzed using the SPSS software as well as descriptive and analytical statistical tests. Results: Of the respondents, 25% (7 persons) and 75% (21 persons) were men and women respectively. The majority of the respondents, i.e. 60% (17 persons), had a bachelor's degree. Moreover, 21.6% of the sample had more than 5 years of professional experience. The items in the improved surgical safety checklist were as follows: including a space for the signature of the scrub nurse and personnel during the shift change and mentioning instruments used during an operation as well as different phases of surgery one by one. In general, the personnel's perspectives on the improved checklist, compared with the present checklist, were statistically significantly different (p<0.05). That is to say the improved checklist is a more comprehensive guide than the existing checklist as for keeping a checklist of instruments applied and procedures adopted. Furthermore, it is crucial to mention names of instruments on the checklist completely and individually. Conclusion: It is essential to keep a complete and comprehensive checklist of procedures implemented and instruments used during a surgical operation. It is therefore better to improve and complete the Surgical Safety Checklist on the basis of existing evidence and results so as to enhance operating room personnel's performance.


Cerrado is one of the richest biomes in the world but it is still very threatened by human actions that affect not only the flora, but also the fauna, and certainly the largest known group, the insects. We present here a list of species of Polistinae and Eumeninae wasps, based on three different methodologies in a fragment of Cerrado "campo sujo", very affected by livestock raising, on Paranaiba, Mato Grosso do Sul state. We recorded 22 species of Polistinae within 8 genera, with Polybia and Agelaia as the most representative. For Eumeninae, 21 species within 10 genera were recorded, with Montezumia and Pachodynerus as the most representative. Furthermore, this work shows the first records of Eumeninae on Mato Grosso do Sul state and some new of Polistinae, compared to the literature.


Section 1 of this thesis gives a review of the use of urea as a non-protein-nitrogen source in ruminant nutrition together with a description of the major biochemical reactions in the ruminant associated with an increase in the dietary intake of urea. The potential toxicity of urea is discussed. In Section 2 the analytical methods available for the determination of ammonia in biological tissues (blood, rumen fluid and milk) are reviewed and the analytical techniques used have been described and evaluated. In particular, a modified technique involving the use of an ion-exchange resin was found to be the best procedure for the analysis of large numbers of blood samples. Section 3 describes the formulation and manufacture of a molassed sugar beet pulp nut containing added urea, phosphate, trace elements and vitamins and containing about 17% crude protein and about 0.5% P considered suitable for a wide range of purposes in ruminant feeding, A series of experiments indicated that the rate of release of urea in the rumen from such a product was slower and caused a reduced degree of ammonia production than was the case for a barley nut containing an equivalent amount of urea. Section 4 describes the use of this supplemented sugar beet product as a major component of the milk production concentrate fed to dairy cows. In four of five trials where the material was used in 25-50% substitution of a barley/vegetable protein mixture entirely comparable yields of milk of similar composition were obtained. The product was shown to be completely non-toxic and was well accepted by cattle. In Section 5 a series of experiments describe the results of trials where the supplemented sugar beet pulp formed 50% of an all-concentrate diet fed to growing cattle. When compared with the more normal 85% cereals + 15% protein supplement type of diet virtually identical daily liveweight gains were recorded but there was a reduction of some 5% in food conversion efficiency. In Section 6 three experiments with housed ewes are described. Inclusion of urea in the sugar beet nut was shown to give improved and fully satisfactory liveweight gains in ewes during pregnancy, fully adequate birthweights in lambs and satisfactory liveweight gains. Balance trials were conducted to assess the extent of utilization of dietary urea in late pregnancy. The performance of the ewes and their lambs was shown to be related to the changes in plasma urea and free fatty acid concentrations recorded during the period of the trials. Section 7 describes a number of investigations concerning experimentally induced urea toxicity in sheep. Starvation was found to have an important effect on increasing the potential toxicity hazard. Investigations were conducted to assess the effects of certain combinations of amino acids when administered intravenously for both the protection and alleviation of urea toxicity in sheep. When the liver function of sheep was progressively impaired by oral administration of either carbon tetrachloride or copper sulphate over a long period, the sheep were demonstrated to be increasingly susceptible to urea toxicity.


Abstract - Some companies that implementing an information technology for their business process often facing problem regarding networking or aplication. But, sometimes lack of handling problem because there is not problem tracking and recording such as AJB bumiputera 1912. This can contribute bad impact and image for company, recurring problem which can not easly solve, and troubleshooting is not prevently. Therefore author design and build a helpdesk apllication which using ticketing system. This aplication hopefully can serve complaint recorded, information status, and problem solving, included helpdesk report to overcome and minimize the problem. Research method that applied for developing helpdesk aplication such as Rapid Application Development (RAD) method and Unified Modeling Language (UML) Diagram. By applling this apllication hopefully can short and simplify record and handling helpdesk complaint along with report that as a result which can be use for making decision related company with problem which has been reported


Admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) is in most cases preceded by a sudden illness or trauma, without an opportunity for either the patient or his or her family to prepare themselves for, or influence the location of, a patient's death. An assumption of this thesis was that the place and the environment in which people die are important both for the person dying and his or her close relatives. The overall aim of the thesis was to explore and describe end-of-life care (EOLC) in the ICU environment from the perspective of close relatives and nurses. Study I was a survey concerning Swedish ICUs physical environment and routines when caring for dying patients. Study II was a study of the circumstances in conjunction with 192 patients' death in 10 ICUs. In Study III, interviews were conducted with 17 close relatives of 15 patients who died in three ICUs. The interviews were analysed using a phenomenological-hermeneutic method. In Study IV, nine intensive care nurses were interviewed about their experiences and perceptions of caring for dying patients. Conventional content analysis was used. The study shows that a great many ICU patients die after a short stay in the ICU, in multi-bed rooms and without the bedside presence of a next-of-kin. For close relatives, the experience of the EOLC provided in an ICU can be experienced as positive if the use of high tech is combined with compassionate and well-structured nursing care. In these circumstances, the care can be perceived as a confirmation that the loved one received the best nursing and medical care and that everything possible was done to save his or her life. Although close relatives seldom complain about the physical environment of the ICU, they want to be close by, and not separated from their dying loved one. From the perspective of close relatives, the experience of having been piloted or not piloted is of great importance in connection with a loved one's death in an ICU. From a nursing perspective, "doing one's utmost" is a decisive factor in EOLC in the intensive care environment.


Video game play has been framed both as protective factor and risk to mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted an objective analysis of changes to video game play during the pandemic to provide an empirical foundation to the fractured discourse surrounding play and mental health. Analyses of millions of players' engagement with the 500 globally most popular games on the Steam platform indicated that the quantity of play had dramatically increased during key points of the pandemic; that those increases were more prominent for multiplayer games, suggesting that gamers were seeking out the social affordances of video game play; and that play had become more equally distributed across days of the week, suggesting increased merging of leisure activities with work and school activities. These data provide a starting point for empirically grounded discussions on video games during the pandemic, their uses, and potential effects.


ABSTRACT Aboriginal women experiencing sexual violence may not always access support services when needed, nor receive the most appropriate support when they do. Recent research suggests place-based, Aboriginal-led initiatives to respond to family and sexual violence in Aboriginal communities offer the best chance for developing effective responses. This article describes an innovative participatory action research project aiming to improve service delivery for Aboriginal women from the Ngaanyatjarra Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara (NPY) region in remote central Australia. Over a series of workshops co-researchers worked intensively at the interface of knowledge systems creating a unique and safe space for exploring this issue. The process elicited learnings that have the potential to transform practice and was itself a trauma-informed healing opportunity for participants. The project was led by Aboriginal women who wished to share what was done so that others may benefit from working in this way. IMPLICATIONS Participatory action research can be an effective approach to improving service delivery for Aboriginal women who have experienced sexual violence. By working at the cultural and knowledge interface of Aboriginal and Western standpoints, and utilising contextually relevant means of engagement, deeper understandings of sexual violence and healing are the result for participants. Deeper intercultural understandings have the potential to lead to innovations in service delivery.


Globalization through individualization together with an increase of translocal relations has opened up new ways of identification. Music as a set of symbolic elements enables this identification process. Indie rock as a globalized musical genre is a fruitful field that gives insight into understanding how individuals adopt and adapt a musical style. The aim of this research is to describe how indie rock bands are situated in Switzerland within the indie rock genre, and how they get in contact and identify with it. This research is based on 15 individual interviews conducted with members of six different Swiss indie bands. The results show that these bands uphold translocal identification with the international musical genre through, among others, the generalized use of English as the language of indie rock. However, since only few of them have connections abroad, this translocal identification is mainly mediated through the consumption of both live and recorded music from international artists. Due to this peripheral position, these bands are unable to play a significant role within the indie rock scene. Their music is, so to say, internationally inspired but locally produced. In this context, they are still very dependent on their geographical environment considered as a space of experience and resource. Yet, local identity does not seem to be claimed neither is the feeling of belonging to a local scene. This research shows that indie rock has to be understood through the lense of a rhizomic phenomenon, which is being constantly adapted by individuals through a variety of mediators. Moreover it challenges the idea of a local scene by showing how it is socially constructed.


This is Part III of the Norwich Castle report (EAA 132). Although Parts I and II both contain summary accounts of the faunal remains, setting them into their wider context and including additional information on craft activities, the scale of the data required the production of a separate and more specialised report on the faunal remains which permits presentation of metrical and other data that could not be published in detail within the monograph, where the faunal assemblage is considered largely in chronological terms. Instead, this occasional paper details the evidence more specifically by species. Excavations at Castle Mall yielded the largest faunal assemblage ever recovered from Norwich with the greatest, most continuous chronological spread. The assemblages recovered demonstrate the breadth of information available from faunal remains, from the common farm animals providing milk, meat and eggs, to the trade in horns, antlers, hides and bones for crafts and industries. Evidence ranging from the occasional exotic species to the use of non-traditional food animals such as horse and dog has revealed a picture of the human-animal interaction within a medieval town. The analyses reveal details of how animals were procured and butchered, which foods people ate and how they disposed of their waste. It has also been possible to link archaeological and zooarchaeological evidence to trace the changing use of space within and around the castle throughout its long history.


The paper presents a daily planning algorithm for a multi-reservoir hydropower system coordinated with wind power. The planning algorithm applies to the real situation where wind power and hydropower are owned by different utilities, sharing same transmission lines, though, hydropower has a priority for transmission capacity. Coordination is, thus, necessary to minimize wind energy curtailments during the congestion situations. The planning algorithm considers an uncertainty of wind power forecast. Forecast error scenarios are modeled with ARMA series. A scenario reduction algorithm is applied to reduce computational time. Only the planning for the spot market is considered. Thus, once the hydropower production bid is placed on the market it cannot be changed. The solution of the stochastic optimization problem should, therefore, fulfil the transmission constraints for all wind power production scenarios. The developed planning algorithm is applied in a case study. The results are compared to the planning results without coordination


On the basis of interviews with several of the most well-known political satirists in China and content analysis of a corpus of satirical texts, this study demonstrates how censorship has been strengthened since the creation of the State Internet Information Office in 2011. It also examines censorship's different forms and its impact on individuals. The Chinese government imposes mainstream censorship policies on social media, and it is impossible for political satirists to avoid the 'red line' to lower political risk. The threat of censorship causes political satirists to self-censor, abandon their creations and reduce their output. The influence of those who continue to work is diminished because the government controls all Chinese social media platforms. However, political satire still has strong vitality thanks to collective action, such as the anonymous production, distribution and sharing of work on Chinese social media. The future of political satire on social media depends on whether the race between netizens and censors continues.


This book presents an Intelligent Control Architecture (ICA) to enable multiple collaborating marine vehicles to autonomously carry out underwater intervention missions. The presented ICA is generic in nature but aimed at a case study where a marine surface craft and an underwater vehicle are required to work cooperatively. It is shown that they are capable of cooperating autonomously towards the execution of complex activities since they have different but complementary capabilities. The ICA implementation is verified in simulation, and validated in trials by means of a team of autonomous marine robots. This book also presents architectural details and evaluation scenarios of the ICA, results of simulations and trials from different maritime operations, and future research directions.


The inherent properties of water column usually affect underwater imagery by suppressing high-energy wavelengths. One of the inherent properties, diffuse attenuation, can be estimated from multi or hyper spectral data and thus give information on how fast light of different wavelengths decreases with increasing depth. Based on exact depth measurements and data from a spectrometer incoming light on an object can be calculated and diffuse attenuation coefficient can be estimated. In this work the authors introduce a mathematical model that suggests the most stable wavelengths, which corresponds to estimated coefficients, based on spectral information from each depth. These values are then used in reconstruction of colours in underwater imagery. Since there are no digital hyper spectral cameras yet we are for the time being confined to point data, but the method is general and we show how it can be applied on multi spectral images.


In this paper, we attempted to grow semi-insulating SiC epitaxial layer by in-situ iron doping. Homoepitaxial growth of iron-doped 4H-SiC layer was performed by MOCVD using organo-silicon precursor, bis-trimethylsilylmethane (BTMSM, [C7H20Si2]) and metal organic precursor, t-butylferrocene ([C14H17Fe]). Doping-induced crystallinity degradation showed different tendency depending on conducting type of substrate. The crystal quality of epilayer grown on n-type substrate was not degraded significantly despite of the Fe doping but in case of semi-insulating substrate, crystallinity was remarkably degraded as increasing iron contents. For measurement of resistivity of highly resistive iron-doped 4H-SiC epilayer, we used the on-resistance technique which is firstly attempted for measuring resistivity of epilayer. From on-resistance of epilayer measured by I-V, it is shown that the residual donor concentration of epilayer was decreased as increasing partial pressure of t-butylferrocene. The resistivity of iron-doped 4H-SiC epilayer was about 107 Ωcm. From this result, it is concluded that Fe could effectively act as a compensation center in the iron-doped 4H-SiC.


Abstract
 We studied the impact of a small, residential wind turbine on birds on Appledore Island, ME, to augment the limited published data on avian fatalities due to residential turbines. We conducted mortality and behavioral surveys of birds flying in the vicinity of the turbine. We did not detect any turbine-related fatalities during twice-daily surveys from fall 2007 to spring 2012, and we have only two anecdotal reports of collision events. Behavioral observations showed that the majority of birds flew below the turbine propeller (95.5%) vertically and near the turbine (53.4%) horizontally. Our behavioral surveys indicated that birds were often seen close to the monopole, but were less likely to be detected near the turbine blades compared to areas more distant from the blades. Furthermore, birds perching on and around the monopole structure provided additional anecdotal evidence of birds not avoiding the vicinity of the wind turbine. Our findings suggest a limited impact of this residential wind turbine on birds. However, we advise carefully choosing the location of a wind turbine so as to minimize potential impacts to avian populations; the turbine on Appledore Island was constructed only after extensive consideration of the possible impacts on birds at this site.


Decades of research has pointed to emotion regulation (ER) as a critical ingredient for health, well-being, and social functioning. However, the vast majority of this research has examined emotion regulation in a social vacuum, despite the fact that in everyday life individuals frequently regulate their emotions with help from other people. The present collection of pre-registered studies examined whether social help increases the efficacy of reappraisal, a widely-studied ER strategy that involves changing how one thinks about emotional stimuli. In Study 1 (N = 40 friend pairs), we compared the efficacy of reinterpreting the content of negative stimuli alone (solo ER) to listening to a friend reinterpret the stimuli (social ER). We found that social ER was more effective than solo ER, and that the efficacy of these strategies was correlated within individuals. In Studies 2 and 3, we replicated effects from Study 1, and additionally tested alternate explanations for our findings. In Study 2 (N = 40 individuals), we failed to find evidence that social ER was more effective than solo ER due to a difference in the quality of reinterpretations, and in Study 3 (N = 40 friend pairs), we found that social help did not significantly attenuate negative affect in the absence of reappraisal. In sum, we found that social help selectively potentiates the efficacy of reappraisal, and that this effect was not merely the outcome of social buffering. Together, these results provide insight into how social relationships can directly lend a hand in implementing ER strategies.


A demonstration of a fast rendering algorithm to create photo-realistic trees in daylight. 3D tree models are transformed to a quasi-3D tree by using a combination of 2D buffers. With a two-step shadowing algorithm, the quasi-3D trees create high-quality forest scenes with umbrae and penumbrae and transparency effects, specular reflection, and inter-reflection of leaves at a low cost. The number of polygons in the ground and trees are 30,000 and 10,000 respectively. Average computing time per frame was 80 seconds on a 1.8 GHz PC.