ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of the Movement Environment Rating Scale (MOVERS), using data from 13 early childhood education and care (ECEC) settings. Test-retest reliability was calculated using ICCs, percentage agreement and weighted Kappa. Internal consistency was examined using Cronbach's alpha. To examine concurrent validity between the MOVERS and Sustained Shared Thinking and Emotional Well-being Scale (SSTEW) scale and the Environmental Policy and Assessment Observation (EPAO), correlation coefficients were computed. Multi-level regression analyses were conducted to examine the criterion validity of MOVERS and children's outcomes. ICC was 0.959 (p < 0.0001), weighted Kappa was 0.904 (p < 0.001), and percentage agreement was 69%–100%. Cronbach's alpha of MOVERS was α = 0.94 and α = 0.89. Statistically significant correlations between MOVERS subscales and some SSTEW and EPAO sub-areas were reported. Item 4 (Body movement to support fine motor skills) of MOVERS and children's fine motor skills was significantly correlated. This study shows that MOVERS is a reliable and valid scale that can, with training, be confidently used for research, audit, self-evaluation for practice improvement.


Legume crops are particularly important due to their ability to support symbiotic nitrogen fixation, a key to sustainable crop production and reduced carbon emissions. Soybean (Glycine max) has a special position as a major source of increased protein and oil production in the common grass-legume rotation. The cultivar "Forrest" has saved US growers billions of dollars in crop losses due to resistances programmed into the genome. Moreover, since Forrest grows well in the north-south transition zone, breeders have used this cultivar as a bridge between the southern and northern US gene pools. Investment in Forrest genomics resulted in the development of the following research tools: (i) a genetic map, (ii) three RIL populations (96 > n > 975), (iii) ∼200 NILs, (iv) 115 220 BACs and BIBACs, (v) a physical map, (vi) 4 different minimum tiling path (MTP) sets, (vii) 25 123 BAC end sequences (BESs) that encompass 18.5 Mbp spaced out from the MTPs, and 2 000 microsatellite markers within them (viii) a map of 2408 regions each found at a single position in the genome and 2104 regions found in 2 or 4 similar copies at different genomic locations (each of >150 kbp), (ix) a map of homoeologous regions among both sets of regions, (x) a set of transcript abundance measurements that address biotic stress resistance, (xi) methods for transformation, (xii) methods for RNAi, (xiii) a TILLING resource for directed mutant isolation, and (xiv) analyses of conserved synteny with other sequenced genomes. The SoyGD portal at sprovides access to the data. To date these resources assisted in the genomic analysis of soybean nodulation and disease resistance. This review summarizes the resources and their uses.


Melania Tesio Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France Funding/support: None. Disclosure: The authors have indicated they have no potential conflicts of interest to disclose. Copyright © 2019 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the European Hematology Association. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. HemaSphere (2019) 3:2(e179) Citation: Tesio M. Don't Kill the WASP! HemaSphere, 2019;3:2. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1097/ HS9.0000000000000179. of the cases, these tumors harbor a t(2;5) chromosomal translocation generating a chimeric NPM-ALK gene whereby the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) domain is fused to the Nterminal part of nucleophosmin (NPM). In a recent issue of Nature Medicine, Menotti et al provided novel insights into anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) development, revealing novel functions for the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP). In physiological conditions, this protein plays crucial roles during T-cell activation: following T-cell receptor (TCR) engagement, WASP is rapidly activated and recruited to the TCR complex to promote actin remodeling. Menotti et al now demonstrate that WASP has an unexpected tumor suppressive role in ALCLs. The researchers first observed that WASP was selectively decreased in ALK expressing ALCLs when compared to other T-cell lymphoma subtypes, including ALK negative ALCL cases. Molecular investigations further revealed that WASP selective down-regulation was driven by the ALK-mediated activation of STAT3 and C/EBP-beta, which repressed WASP transcription. To functionally explore the significance of these findings, the authors next used a murine model whereby the transgenic expression of NPM-ALK drives ALCL development with high penetrance. When these mice were crossed to WASP knock-out animals, lymphomagenesis accelerated. Supporting these data, the enforced expression of WASP in ALK expressing tumor cells reduced the proliferation of human cell lines and diminished lymphoma development in xenografts models, thus demonstrating that WASP acts a tumor suppressor in ALCLs. The researches next explored the molecular basis underlying WASP tumor suppressive functions. They observed that WASP loss in NPM-ALK mice increased the levels of active GTP-bound CDC42 (cell division control protein 42 homolog), a GTPase involved in cellular transformation. In turn, CDC42 accumulation was crucial to promote lymphomagenesis as the conditional deletion of a CDC42 allele in NPM-ALK WASP deficient animals was sufficient to delay tumor development. In addition to accumulating CDC42, NPM-ALK WASP deficient lymphoma cells showed increased levels of phosphorylated ERK1/2, indicating that WASP negatively controls MAPK activation. Confirming these data, the enforced expression of WASP in ALK expressing xenografts decreased MAPK signaling. Taken together, the findings by Menotti et al suggest a model whereby the ALK-mediated down-regulation of WASP promotes tumor development activating CDC42 and MAPK signaling (Fig. 1). This model is intriguing for 2 reasons. FIRST, it implies that in ALK driven T-cell lymphoma, where the TCR signaling is lost, WASP acts as tumor suppressor. This is in sharp contrast to other T-cell lymphoma types such as the peripheral T-cell lymphoma and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, which retain the TCR expression and harbor pathogenic mutations in genes involved in the TCR signaling. In these tumors, WASP function is maintained as it is a crucial compenent of the TCR signaling and it may be lost only at later stages of tumor development to provide additional growth advantages once the tumor is already established. Second, Menotti's model suggests that ALK expressing tumors might be vulnerable to MAPK inhibition. Interestingly, MAPK pharmacological inhibition through the MEK inhibitor trametinib potentiated the activity of the ALK inhibitor crizotinib both in NPM-ALK lymphoma lines and in NPMALK WASP knock-out mice. Although these findings need to be extended to xenograft models, they are encouraging as they suggest that the combination of ALK and MEK inhibitors can be beneficial in ALK expressing lymphoma cases that poorly respond to crizotinib.


To be responsive, politicians have to rely on beliefs about public will. Previous research suggests that perceptions of public opinion are often distorted. However, it remains unclear (1) why reelection-seeking officials misperceive public preferences and (2) how to mitigate these distorted beliefs. I argue that misperceptions result from unequal exposure to different subconstituencies and a tendency of legislators to project their own preferences on voters. I find support for these arguments in a six-wave panel of Swedish MPs combined with mass surveys. Elite beliefs disproportionately reflect the preferences of privileged voters and the personal positions of legislators. Additionally, an experiment with Swiss representatives leveraging real political events reveals how misperceptions can be reduced by encouraging a more balanced exposure to voters. The study concludes that economic and political inequalities are rooted in elite beliefs about the electorate and reveals ways to bolster the links between voters and their representatives.


This dissertation investigates the impact of the conversion of IKIP Ujung Pandang into Universitas Negeri Makassar (UNM), particularly in terms of the teacher education program. The present paper assumes the understanding that education is a principal institution in advanced and developing societies, and is implicated in diverse aspects of social life.
Education in Indonesia is undergoing significant reform due to the forces of national development. This study considers the changing circumstances of Universitas Negeri Makassar (UNM) as a university in conversion from a teacher education institute. A particular focus is on the implications of the status shift to a university-based teacher education program. The principal matters of concern include changes to pedagogy, curriculum, and broader cultural legitimacy with regards to a growing credentialism in Indonesia.
Bourdieu's theoretical concept of the university as a cultural field frames the study as a space where power is exercised through the capital held by different agents. A Foucauldian perspective, which adopts knowledge/power and truth in analysing power struggles between different fields, disciplines, and institutions, is used to explore how the university members experience the status change. This perspective is also used to examine how the conversion shapes the teacher education at the university. The historical influences of teacher education in Indonesia and the changing policy regime establish the context within which these changes are analysed.
By using a post-structuralist lens, this study explores how IKIP Ujung Pandang has become subject to change. It examines the discourse of the university idea from the perspective of both policy and teacher educators, as well as how the discourse shapes the existing curriculum and practice of teacher education at UNM following the conversion. It includes the disposition of the teacher education institute in the context of higher education in Indonesia. Moreover, the disposition of teacher educators is examined within the discourse of university lecturers – how they are positioned and how they position themselves as both teacher educators and university lecturers. The discourse is analysed by locating teacher education as a field where knowledge is shaped through knowledge/power and discourse.
This study's findings suggest that the discourse of university-based teacher education arises when becoming a university means strengthening disciplinary knowledge and improving subject matter knowledge. The features of a university proposed by Indonesia's policy of higher education have strongly influenced the post-conversion development of the teacher education program at UNM. These features translate into the field and shape not only the teacher education curriculum and practice, but also the identity of the teacher educators.
Keywords: teacher education, power, knowledge, capital, Makassar, Indonesia, Foucault, Bourdieu, governmentality, educational reform


Fox-Fordyce disease represents a chronic pruritic eruption localized to areas bearing apocrine glands. We report the successful control of Fox-Fordyce disease with topical 0.1% tretinoin cream (vitamin A acid cream). Report of a Case The patient, a 21-year-old woman, had a three-year history of an intensely pruritic papular eruption of her pubic area and axillae (Fig 1). Itching was worse during the summer months and in warm environments. She also noted such decreased hair growth in the involved areas that she never had to shave. Her medical history was unremarkable. She had never been pregnant, and she had been taking oral contraceptive pills for the past year. These had had no effect on the course of the eruption. On her initial visit, a biopsy specimen from the left axilla revealed a histologic picture consistent with that of Fox-Fordyce disease. The epidermis showed mild acanthosis and there was a keratotic plug


During the workshop, we introduce the main concepts and principles of chaos theory (positive and negative feedback, bifurcation points, attractors, complexity, self-organization, dissipative structures) through brief introductions, discussions, and a variety of stimulating and interactive activities like improvisation, active imagination, exercises of self-reflection, and techniques of disappearing. To illustrate some concepts we use the author's paintings. Then we analyze the process of creativity by applying these concepts. Creativity could be referred to as "self-organizing dissipative structures," originating spontaneously in far-from-equilibrium conditions. They emerge only through a constant exchange of energy/information with their environment, continuously create bifurcation points of instabilities and fluctuations, and transform themselves into new organization of increased order and complexity.


At Capitol Reef National Park, Utah, 5-m-high stromatolites are present locally on interdune carbonate lenses in the Early Jurassic Navajo Sandstone. The stromatolites display both finely laminated and fenestral internal fabrics, and grew along south-facing interdune margins. These stromatolites formed during a high-water-table episode engendered by a dune-dammed paleodrainage in a stabilized Navajo erg. These stromatolites, and the thick interdune section associated with them, suggest a hiatus in erg accumulation and the presence of a super bounding surface.


This paper considers frequency-domain implementation of finite-length impulse response filters. In practical fixedpoint arithmetic implementations, the overall system corresponds to a time-varying system which can be represented with either a multirate filter bank, and the corresponding distortion and aliasing functions, or a periodic time-varying impulse-response representation or, equivalently, a set of impulse responses and the corresponding frequency responses. The paper provides systematic derivations and analyses of these representations along with design examples. These representations are useful when analyzing the effect of coefficient quantizations as well as the use of shorter DFT lengths than theoretically required.


We are interested in the mechanisms that control cell phenotype during the development of the CNS. Since different neuronal types arise at different times during neurogenesis in the retina, we predicted that the factors that determine cell type must be developmentally regulated as well. To test this hypothesis, we induced retinal germinal cells to differentiate at different ages by dissociating the retina into single cells and culturing them on a variety of substrates. Prior to dissociation, the S-phase germinal cells were labeled with 3H-thymidine so that their fate could be specifically followed. We found that our culture conditions promoted the differentiation of the majority of the germinal cells and that these cells differentiated into different neuronal types depending on the age of the animal from which the retina had been taken; embryonic day 14 germinal cells differentiated primarily into ganglion cells, and never produced rods, while germinal cells from postnatal day 1 retina differentiated into rods, but not ganglion cells. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that temporally regulated factors determine cell phenotype during the development of the retina.


This is a review of recent English- and German-language publications on suicide, both as an act and a subject of discourse, in the early and late modern periods. It argues that, while publications on the theme have increased considerably in the past two decades, the problematic character of the evidence for suicide has led to a focus on attitudes to suicide at the expense of empirical investigations. The latter have largely confirmed the link between social isolation and suicide, posited by Durkheim, but have revealed differences in patterns across social groups. The growth of lenient attitudes to suicide has proven to be more protracted and contested than originally believed. The ambivalent role of clergy, the persistence of religious sanctions against suicide, and continued efforts by the state to curb suicide all suggest that the term 'hybridization' better characterizes the changes over this period than the older term 'secularization'. Finally, this review recommends that historians undertake further empirical investigations of suicide, where possible, and that they broaden suicide research to include suicidal behaviours and alternative responses to despair in order to identify the specific allure of suicide.


In the context of an engine design calculation, isentropic or polytropic efficiencies of turbomachinery components are assumed at the outset of the cycle analysis and their values are updated or validated following the aerodynamic design of the components. In the present paper, aerodynamic design calculations of axial-flow compressors and turbines are directly integrated into the corresponding performance component models. This creates a consistent, single-step preliminary design and performance modelling process using a relatively small number of physical and geometric inputs.
 The aerodynamic design for establishing a component's overall efficiency is accomplished through a mean-line, stage-by-stage approach where the stagewise isentropic efficiency is calculated employing either loss or semi-empirical correlations. From this process, the stagewise flow annulus radii are also obtained and are used to axially size the component stages assuming the blade aspect ratio and axial gapping distributions. The component flowpath geometry is then produced by simply "stacking" axially the component stages.
 The developed method is validated against publicly available data for a high-pressure compressor and a low-pressure turbine. Finally, the effectiveness of the method is demonstrated by considering the multi-point design of a High Bypass Ratio Geared Turbofan Engine with bypass Variable Area Nozzle.


Attentional deficits are common and significant sequelae of pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, little is known about how the underlying neural processes that support different components of attention are affected. The present study examined brain activation patterns using fMRI in a group of young children who sustained a TBI in early childhood (n = 5; mean age = 9.4), and a group of age-matched control children with orthopedic injuries (OI) (n = 8) during a continuous performance task (CPT). Four children in the TBI group had moderate injuries, and one had a severe injury. Performance on the CPT task did not differ between groups. Both TBI and OI children activated similar networks of brain regions relevant to sustained attention processing, but the TBI group demonstrated several areas of significantly greater activation relative to controls, including frontal and parietal regions. These findings of over-activation of the relevant attention network in the TBI group contrast with those obtained in imaging studies of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder where under-activation of the attention network has been documented. This study provides evidence that young children's brains function differently following a traumatic brain injury, and that these differences persist for years after the injury. (JINS, 2008, 14, 424–435.)


ABSTRACT It is part of the task of teacher educators to make the invisible part of teaching visible to teacher education candidates. During class discussions and in written assignments, pre-service teachers often talk about meeting the needs of all students. This dedication to teaching to all students appears to falter when confronted with activities that push the pre-service teachers to take ownership of situations and propose alternative actions, or when they are faced with teaching in diverse classrooms. This paper describes methods of helping pre-service teachers develop action plans for addressing student needs in regards to learning styles, gender, and cultural diversity. (CCM)


Grid computing is a group of clusters connected over high-speed networks that involves coordinating and sharing computational power, data storage and network resources operating across dynamic and geographically dispersed locations. However, scheduling in grid is confronted with many challenges, because resources are heterogeneous, geographically dispersed and dynamic in nature. In this paper, a new resource grouping algorithm called Resource Based Grouping Algorithm (RBGA), is proposed. that performs job grouping activity at runtime and the simulation results shows significant improvement in the processing time of jobs and resource utilization as compared to others.


The Historical1 simulation (1960-2000) and the RCP8.5 scenario (2060-2100) from the NorESM are used to investigate trends in extreme precipitation, as well as the impact from vertical velocity, specific humidity, divergence and temperature on the precipitation formation. The calculations are performed over the Indian catchments Godavari and Krishna, and are restricted to the monsoon season (June-September). Precipitation from the APHRODITE observations are used to validate the NorESM precipitation, and the vertical velocity, specific humidity, divergence and temperature are validated against the NCEP1 reanalysis. The calculated trends in extreme precipitation show that both the yearly mean intensity and the yearly number of events will increase in the future, by approximately 30 % and 40 % (90 % over Krishna), respectively. Using linear regression analysis, the vertical velocity is found to be the most important factor in the formation of extreme precipitation with a correlation of 0.66 over Godavari and 0.47 over Krishna. Along with the specific humidity, most of the precipitation amounts can be accounted for by only including these two parameters, while the temperature is assumed to be less important. A simple model is also applied to estimate precipitation under the assumption that an air parcel follows the moist adiabatic lapse rate. This estimated precipitation is underestimated, and the extreme precipitation has its maximum values 20 mm below the NorESM extreme values. This shows the importance of including diabatic terms such as radiative cooling, which increases the condensation rate of an air parcel.


The protonation process, the adsorption equilibrium process, the adsorption isotherms and the adsorption kinetics of adsorbing Ca(II) and Mg(II) onto Lewatit MonoPlus TP 207 and TP 208 chelating resins were studied using the pH titration method and batch experimental method. By omitting the ionic charges, first protonation constants, second protonation constants and equilibrium constants were determined. The adsorption behaviors were found to be dependent on contact time, pH, temperature and initial concentrations. The experimental adsorption isotherms were fitted using both the Freundlich and Langmuir models. The adsorption kinetics was described by means of the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The adsorption mechanism was found to involve intra-particle diffusion and film diffusion, where both were found to be the rate control steps.


The 1830s were a decade of enormous importance in American economic history. A disproportionate amount of attention has been paid to the Panic of 1837. The Crisis of 1839, however, led to four years of deflation and depression. This paper shows that events in 1839 followed a different path than events in 1837. Domestic, rather than international forces, played a key role in the origins and duration of the crisis. The critical element was the massive increase in state borrowing after 1836, and the subsequent collapse of internal improvement projects in the west and south in the summer 1839. This was an American cycle of events.


Ambleside Roman Fort (NGR NY 3725 0340) dates to the late first and second
centuries AD and is a scheduled monument (SM13567), owned and managed by the
National Trust. The surviving features on the site relate to the second fort constructed
on the site, although there is a possibility that elements of the earlier fort are also
represented. Following a recent donation to the National Trust, funding became
available to carry out a programme of geophysical survey, at the fort and the National
Trust requested a project design outlining a methodology for the survey to be carried
out with assistance from volunteers; this was part of 'Romans by the Rivers', one of
nineteen projects that combine to form Windermere Reflections. Following
acceptance of the project design, Oxford Archaeology North (OA North), were
commissioned to carry out the survey, which was undertaken in several separate
visits in February, March and April 2013. The first visit to the fort in February
consisted of a one day trial survey using magnetometry, undertaken without
volunteers, in order to assess the suitability of the technique and on the subsequent
survey days this provided volunteers with a data set prior to carrying out the main
survey.
The subsequent geophysical survey identified a number of responses that represent
features associated with the Roman Fort, including internal structural remains, and
external features, such as former defences. While both the magnetometry and
resistivity surveys have identified features of archaeological potential, the resistivity
survey was more successful in outlining the internal layout of the fort. Features such
as buried structural remains, banks and ditches have been more easily identified using
the resistance technique. The magnetometry survey was affected by large areas of
magnetic debris/disturbance, particularly within the interior of the fort, which
hindered the identification of features.


Acute spinal cord compression is an emergency where irreversible neurological damage can occur within hours. The diagnosis should be considered in any patient with an acute paraparesis, parasthesiae, or urinary retention, but there is commonly a delay because neurological examination is incompletely performed or the urgency of the condition is not appreciated. In the days of myelography the whole spinal axis up to the foramen magnum was routinely examined, but nowadays the use of more sophisticated imaging may miss the lesion because of the tendency to restrict the imaged field to the likely clinical site. If the signs are falsely localising there is a danger of missing a treatable cause. We describe a case where the sensory level localised the lesion 11 cord segments distal to the abnormality, leading to a serious delay in diagnosis.

Normal radiological examination at the clinical site of a cord lesion should prompt investigation at higher levels

### Case report

A 68 year old right handed retired joiner was admitted with acute retention of urine. There had been no prostatic symptoms and no constipation. Three weeks earlier he had developed numbness on the anterior aspects of his thighs. In the initial examination he was reported to have Medical Research Council grade 4 power globally in the legs with normal tendon reflexes and plantar responses. There was impairment of pinprick sensation bilaterally below the inguinal ligament with sacral sparing. Rectal examination and chest x ray examination were normal.

Two days later he was unable to stand and he was transferred as a neurosurgical emergency with a provisional diagnosis of an …


The endovascular realm has steadily increased its footing in the treatment of the aorta and all of its territories since the foundational case in 1990 by Parodi. The aortic arch, however, continues to be one of the last bastions for treatment via open surgery, which remains the gold standard. Significant comorbidity and prior cardiac surgery prevent open surgery from being the only preferred option, allowing novel endovascular procedures to be considered. Since 1999, more advanced endovascular systems have been created by companies such as Cook Medical, Bolton Medical, Medtronic, Endospan, Gore Medical, and, recently, Kawasumi. The unique shape and angulation of the aortic arch often require the use of custom-made grafts, though arch reconstruction may also include in situ or back-table physician alterations to off-the-shelf devices. The goal of branched endografts is to exclude the aneurysm, while maintaining flow to supra-aortic trunk vessels. Technical success and device durability are limited by the physical constraints of the aortic arch, though greater experience may yield better patient outcomes. Typically, the initial stent-graft (SG) is introduced and deployed into the arch first. Bridging SG are then inserted via axillary or carotid access. Most often, the bridging SG extends from the innominate branch to the distal innominate, and from the left carotid branch to the left common carotid. The major concern is that manipulation of catheters and wires, both within the carotid arteries and aortic arch, create the potential for emboli leading to stroke and paraplegia. The development of endovascular-only techniques for aortic arch pathology will only increase with the aging population of the United States and associated accumulation of comorbidities, making open surgery too grave of a risk.


PURPOSE
Vascular development in the eye has been described as a complex process involving both vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Multiple cell types are involved in the process including angioblasts, vascular endothelial cells, astrocytes, pericytes, and Muller glial cells. This suggests that multiple growth factors and cytokines are required to regulate retinal vascular development. Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a member of the interleukin 6 family of cytokines. LIF is expressed during inflammation and has been reported to affect vascular development in culture; however, its effects in vivo have not been demonstrated. The purpose of this study was to determine how LIF could regulate ocular vascular development.

METHODS
We have analyzed ocular vascular development in transgenic mice that express LIF in the ocular lens from embryonic day 11.

RESULTS
In transgenic mice, LIF reduced development of embryonic vasculature in the eye, and inhibited retinal vascular development. Inhibition in vivo was independent of vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) expression. In older transgenic mice, the absence of a retinal vasculature resulted in retinal ischemia and elevated VEGF levels. The upregulation of VEGF resulted in the proliferation of pathological vascular membranes in the vitreous and neovascularization penetrating the retina, which in turn resulted in tractional retinal detachment.

CONCLUSIONS
LIF is a potent inhibitor of retinal vascular development. These transgenic mice will be useful as a model of persistent fetal vasculature and to study the mechanism for the development of neovascular membranes in the vitreous and could be used to develop inhibitors of tractional detachment.


Background: Knee osteoarthritis is a common chronic degenerative disease resulting in joint histopathologic and serologic changes. TGF-β and VEGF change have a close relationship with knee osteoarthritis. Objective: To evaluate the expression of Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-β and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) in patients with and without knee Osteoarthritis (OA) and to assess the clinical relevance between these expressions and knee OA. Design: Case-control study. Setting: Hospital. Methods: We collected pathological knee synovial tissue from 50 patients with OA. We evaluated TGF-β and VEGF expressions of synovial tissue using immunohistochemical methods. The χ2 test was used for statistical analysis. Participants: Patients with and without knee OA were compared. We divided patients with OA into mild, moderate, and severe groups (n=50 per group). The control group included 50 patients without arthritis. Results: We found inflammatory infiltrates, synovial cell hyperplasia, significant blood capillary hyperplasia, fiber hyperplasia around the capillaries, and disordered arrangement of cartilage cells in the synovial tissue of patients with OA. TGF-β expression increased in patients with the degree of knee synovial tissue with OA; the increased VEGF expression correlated with blood capillary hyperplasia and inflammatory infiltrates. TGF-β and VEGF expressions were significantly different between the control and severe groups (P<0.01). There was no obvious difference between the control and mild groups, mild and moderate groups, and moderate and severe groups. TGF-β and VEGF expressions had a significant positive correlation (r=0.783; P<0.05). Conclusion: TGF-β and VEGF expressions are related to the degree of synovial lesions of knee joints with OA; thus, they can be regarded as an indicator of knee OA.


Recent research in heterogeneous catalysis, especially on size-selected model systems under UHV conditions and also in realistic catalytic environments, has proved that it is necessary to think in terms of the exact number of atoms when it comes to catalyst design. This is of utmost importance if the amount of noble metal, gold in particular, is to be reduced for practical reactions like CO oxidation. Here it is shown that on TiO2 only Au6 and Au7 clusters are active for CO oxidation which holds for the single crystal, thin films, and titania clusters deposited on HOPG. Size-selected cluster deposition and TPD methods have been employed to investigate the CO oxidation activity of Aun/TiO2 systems which are compared to recent results reported by Lee et al. to form a consistent picture in which only two species can be regarded as "active". The efficiency of investigated Aun/(TiO2)93/HOPG composite materials is attributed to carbon-assisted oxygen spillover from gold to support particles and across grain boundaries.


We present new Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope observations at 235 MHz and 610 MHz of 18 X-ray bright galaxy groups. These observations are part of an extended project, presented here and in future papers, which combines low-frequency radio and X-ray data to investigate the interaction between central active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and the intra-group medium (IGM). The radio images show a very diverse population of group-central radio sources, varying widely in size, power, morphology, and spectral index. Comparison of the radio images with Chandra and XMM-Newton X-ray images shows that groups with significant substructure in the X-ray band and marginal radio emission at ≳1 GHz host low-frequency radio structures that correlate with substructures in IGM. Radio-filled X-ray cavities, the most evident form of AGN/IGM interaction in our sample, are found in half of the systems and are typically associated with small, low-, or mid-power double radio sources. Two systems, NGC5044 and NGC4636, possess multiple cavities, which are isotropically distributed around the group center, possibly due to group weather. In other systems the radio/X-ray correlations are less evident. However, the AGN/IGM interaction can manifest itself through the effects of the high-pressure medium on the morphology, spectral properties, and evolution of the radio-emitting plasma. In particular, the IGM can confine fading radio lobes in old/dying radio galaxies and prevent them from dissipating quickly. Evidence for radio emission produced by former outbursts that co-exist with current activity is found in six groups of the sample.


A new additive and semidefinite programming (SDP) computable entanglement measure is introduced to upper bound the amount of distillable entanglement in bipartite quantum states by operations completely preserving the positivity of partial transpose (PPT). This quantity is always smaller than or equal to the logarithmic negativity, the previously best known SDP bound on distillable entanglement, and the inequality is strict in general. Furthermore, a succinct SDP characterization of the one-copy PPT deterministic distillable entanglement for any given state is also obtained, which provides a simple but useful lower bound on the PPT distillable entanglement. Remarkably, there is a genuinely mixed state of which both bounds coincide with the distillable entanglement while being strictly less than the logarithmic negativity.


We compare the tropical oscillations and planetary scale Kelvin waves in four troposphere-stratosphere climate models and the assimilated dataset produced by the United Kingdom Meteorological Office (UKMO). The comparison has been made in the GRIPS framework "GCM-Reality Intercomparison Project for SPARC", where SPARC is Stratospheric Processes and their Role in Climate, a project of the World Climate Research Program. The four models evaluated are European members of GRIPS: the UKMO Unified Model (UM), the model of the Free University in Berlin (FUB–GCM), the ARPEGE-climat model of the French National Centre for Meteorological Research (CNRM), and the Extended UGAMP GCM (EUGCM) of the Centre for Global Atmospheric Modelling (CGAM). The integrations were performed with different, but annually periodic external conditions (e.g., sea-surface temperature, sea ice, and incoming solar radiation). The structure of the tropical winds and the strengths of the Kelvin waves are examined. In the analyses where the SAO (Semi-Annual Oscillation) and the QBO (Quasi-Biennal Oscillation) are reasonably well captured, the amplitude of these analysed Kelvin waves is close to that observed in independent data from UARS (Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite). In agreement with observations, the Kelvin waves generated in the models propagate into the middle atmosphere as wave packets, consistent with a convective forcing origin. In three of the models, slow Kelvin waves propagate too high and their amplitudes are overestimated in the upper stratosphere and in the mesosphere, the exception is the UM which has weaker waves. None of the modelled waves are sufficient to force realistic eastward phases of the QBO or SAO. Although the SAO is represented by all models, only two of them are able to generate westerlies between 10 hPa and 50 hPa. The importance of the role played in the SAO by unresolved gravity waves is emphasized. Although it exhibits some unrealistic features, the EUGCM, which includes a parametrization of gravity waves with a non-zero phase speed, is able to simulate clear easterly to westerly transitions as well as westerlies with down-ward propagation. Thermal damping is also important for the westerly forcing in the stratosphere.


Compounds that delay ageing and prevent against age-related diseases in model organisms have potential application in promoting a healthy lifespan in humans. In this work, the roundworm, Caenorhabditis elegans, was exposed to punicalagin, a natural ellagitannin from the pomegranate, and to RO 90-7501, a pharmaceutical compound previously identified to diminish Alzheimer-related Aβ42-induced toxicity. Punicalagin and RO 90-7501 significantly increased mean lifespan of C. elegans. Furthermore, RO 90-7501 significantly increased survival rate under both thermal and oxidative stress conditions. Both compounds inhibit complex I of the electron transport chain, resulting in significantly impaired respiration after 6 h of application, a short-term energy deficit, and a transiently increased release of mitochondrial-derived ROS. The energy-sensing kinase AMPK/AAK 2 in response promotes mitochondrial metabolism following short term metabolic stress, which leads to subsequently compensated or even elevated respiration rates and ATP levels after long-term exposure to both compounds. The initially elevated formation of mitochondrial-derived ROS is sensed by p38 MAPK/PMK-1 and activates the transcription factor Nrf2/SKN-1 and FoxO/DAF-16 as well as the heat shock factor HSF1/HSF-1, which then initiate downstream effects resulting in an adaptive response. This induction of stress defense can be attributed to the upregulation of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase and/or catalase as well as the improvement of proteostasis and UPR. The adaptive response then terminates the initial ROS signal and in parallel extends lifespan of C. elegans, all of which is abolished by antioxidant supplementation. Taken together, punicalagin and RO 90-7501 are capable of extending lifespan and decelerate ageing in the roundworm C. elegans and may be considered candidate compounds to prevent against ageing and age-related diseases in higher organisms possibly including humans.


Petroleum sludge is a complex mixture containing different quantities of waste oil, waste water, sand, and mineral matter. Petroleum industries are responsible for the generation of large quantities of sludge, which is a major source of environmental pollution. Oily sludges are hazardous wastes according to Environment Protection Act and Hazardous Wastes Handling Rules. These sludges cannot be disposed off as landfill, even if they are de-oiled unless they are totally remediated. Sludges generated by petroleum industries accumulate in crude oil tanks, refinery products tanks, desalters, and elsewhere during oil production and processing. The sludges containing recoverable oil less than 40% are considered as low oil content sludges. These sludges have to be treated and made harmless before disposal. Bioremediation process can be used for this purpose. Generally, the refinery sludges contain oil content more than 40% and several methods are used to separate the oil, water and solids. The recovered oil is pumped back into the refinery process, while the solids and water are supposed to be treated before disposal. Several methods are available for processing and disposing of slop oil such as thermal, mechanical, biological, and chemical. Each method of processing has its advantages and disadvantages, and it is a common practice to utilize a combination of the four methods to maximize the output of usable oil from sludge. The first step in the process of disposing of the sludge is reclamation. In order to extract as much oil from the sludge as possible, a combination of chemicals and deemulsifiers is used. Topmost layers of oil are collected by the use of pumps and barges. The separation of the sludge is done with a centrifuge. The oil recovered is then delivered to a refinery or sold in the market. Hard particles, from which oil cannot be recovered, must then be disposed of. Hard particles are disposed of by the following ways: Incinerating unusable sludge (hard hydrocarbons-based substances mixed with water and emulsions) and harnessing heat and gases. Dehydration of sludge – the cleaned water is returned to the environment, and the hard particles are buried. Use of consolidating solutions for turning the sludge into a solid state. The solids can then be used in building projects. Use of Sludge as heat source. Biological remediation. The use of surfactants and emulsifiers will break up the old sludge and allow it to be removed from the container. Rhamnolipids, as a natural surfactant are useful in extracting these oil sludges and recovering them for use. These recovered sludges containing the rhamnolipid surfactants have most of the main properties of the original oil except for less viscosity.


The effect of RRA treatment with using low retrogression temperatures between 170°C to 190°C on the strength and electrical conductivity (as an indicator of corrosion resistance) of 7B04 aluminum alloy thick plates was investigated. The research results showed that the low-temperature RRA heat treatment provides a means for improving electrical conductivity of the aluminum alloy 7B04 pre-stretched thick plates without sacrificing the mechanical strength. The RRA temper with retrogression at 180°C for 60 min improved electrical conductivity remarkably (reached 21.0MS/m), with only a 3% reduction in strength below T6 temper. Furthermore, TEM observations showed that the microstructure of RRA treated alloy was a very fine distribution of η′ MgZn2 precipitates in the aluminum matrix, similar to T6 condition and η MgZn2 precipitates on grain boundaries distributed similarly to T73 temper.


It has been found that auditory-visual speech perception differs over languages, particularly between English and Japanese speakers. This difference emerges due to increased use of visual information by English speakers between 6 and 8 years [14]. This study investigates the linguistic factors that may cause changes in auditory-visual speech perception development. Children aged between 5 and 8 years were given tests of reading, articulation, language-specific speech perception and auditory-visual speech perception. The results show that only language-specific speech perception predicts auditory-visual speech perception. Possible reasons for this relationship are discussed.


Cropland and pasture expansion continues to erase natural ecosystems at a staggering speed globally, notably in the tropics. Conventional policy approaches, usually focused on a particular land-use change driver (e.g., specific commodities) or individual regulations (e.g., the Amazon Soy Moratorium), have consistently failed to achieve sufficient or sustained results. The swift reversal of Brazil's earlier success in reducing Amazon deforestation – now again accelerated – offers perhaps the most sobering illustration of that. Therefore, this article draws from scholarship on sustainability transitions to propose a more comprehensive systems view of unsustainable land-use patterns. We examine persistent tropical deforestation as a case of "lock-in," using a transitions lens, and explore its constitutive elements. As a case study, we analyze the situation of Land Reform settlements in the Brazilian Amazon, where as much as one-third of that biome's deforestation takes place. While subject to some specific factors, those places are also enmeshed in a broader setting that is common across the Brazilian Amazon's deforestation frontier (e.g., infrastructure conditions, market demands, and sociocultural norms). Drawing from document analysis of Brazilian policies and fieldwork in three Land Reform settlements in Pará State, we expose multiple forms of techno-economic, institutional, and socio-cognitive lock-in that together drive deforestation systemically in those settlements. These drivers form a strongly consolidated socio-technical regime around large-scale agriculture that includes material and immaterial factors (e.g., cultural ones), a regime that not only resists change but also – like a vortex – pulls others into it. Escaping deforestation lock-in may thus require outside forces to help local actors destabilize and eventually replace this unsustainable land-use regime. International zero-deforestation efforts offer a starting point, but a transition requires moving beyond piecemeal, incremental change or end-of-pipe approaches and toward concerted, strategic action that addresses multiple of those regime elements in a coordinated way to replace it as a system. We argue that understanding deforestation lock-in is vital for tackling its worrisome persistence and that sustainability transitions theory offers an illuminating, but still underutilized, framework to analyze and eventually overcome unsustainable land use.


Substantial progress has been made in the development of evidence-based interventions to facilitate the management of type 2 diabetes. The increase in ownership of mobile phones has made short messaging services (SMS, or text messaging) a feasible way to enhance information delivery. The goals of this study were to 1) summarize characteristics of diabetes SMS interventions implemented in the United States and 2) identify the extent to which disadvantaged populations are represented in SMS-based diabetes management intervention studies. We conducted a literature search to identify published studies of type 2 diabetes self-management SMS interventions conducted with adults in the United States. Of the 792 articles retrieved, only 9 met inclusion criteria. We systematically extracted data on the theoretical basis, recruitment, incentives, inclusion/exclusion criteria, strategies toward ensuring a racially/ethnically or income-diverse sample, text message delivery, and study duration. Sixty-three percent of the participants across the nine studies were non-white. Only two studies reported participants' education level, and four captured non–English-speaking status. Interventions varied in offering one-way, two-way, or a combination of messaging strategies. Five studies did not describe cultural adaptations or report results separately for different cultural groups. None of the studies provided cell phones, and not having texting capability was an exclusion criterion for six studies. There is a dearth of published research on type 2 diabetes management interventions using text messaging among racially/ethnically or income-diverse populations. Future interventions should be better tailored to these target populations and include the collection of complete sociodemographic data and cell phone/smartphone availability, thereby ensuring cultural appropriateness.


life, a right which it receives immediately from God. The commandment " Thou shalt not kill " therefore holds good for the foetus as for all human beings (for a clear statement of Catholic teaching on this and related matters see the Papal Allocution to the Congress of the Catholic Union of Midwives'). The Hebrew text of Exodus, ch. xxi, v. 22, is interpreted by your contributor as referring to the deliberate procuring of an abortion. This is, in fact, a misinterpretation. The passage means: if two men are quarrelling, and one should happen to strike a pregnant woman (even by accident), so that a miscarriage results, two kinds of penalty are applied. If the woman lives, the guilty one must pay a fine, as shall be determined by the woman's husband. If, however, she dies, the punishment shall be inflicted in accordance with the principle "An eye for an eye." There is therefore no question of an operation for the purpose of deliberately terminating a pregnancy, nor is there any mention of the husband's agreeing to the operation. The last sentence translated by your contributor, " He shall pay for the miscarriage," is based on an amended Hebrew text. The probable meaning of the Hebrew text as it stands is: " And he shall pay it [the fine] before the judges." For almost exact parallels in Assyrian law, The Assyrian Laws2 could be usefully consulted. It is interesting to note that, whatever St. Jerome thought about the time of the infusion of the human soul into the foetus, he translated Exodus, ch. xxi, v. 22, correctly, avoiding the error of the Greek translators. He would therefore have understood that it was irrelevant to refer to this passage in a discussion of therapeutic abortion.-I am, etc.,


The bless of al-Aqshâ is the bless of al-Aqshâ mosque in Jerusalem which blessing is becoming it's characteristic, as it's written in the Qur'ân in Surah al-Isrâ Verse 1. The researcher try to figure out what is said by text (Qur'ân) and what is occurred in history of Jerusalem. Because Jerusalem (the place where al-Aqshâ is standing) from ancient period up to now in Israelis colony is never free from humanity conflict. Whereas in very clearly al-Qur'ân stated that it was blessed around it, the meaning of word bless (بركة ) according to some Arabic dictionaries is close to happiness, enjoyment, comfort, and so on. And totally it is highly contradict with the phenomenon occurred in Jerusalem along this time. Therefore, researcher want to compare both text and history by semantic approach and can dig the new understanding toward the text. And the research is going to focus on analyzing word بركة called as the main key word with the member of words that is الزيادة, والسعادة, النعمة, النماء, الخير , from those words researcher try to find out each words interconnection from al-Qur'ân. So in the end the researcher can find the comprehensive understanding toward the meaning of blessing (بركة ) in Surah al-Isrâ Verse 1 compare to phenomenon history in Jerusalem especially al-Aqshâ.
 And the result from this research by using semantic approach is the concept of blessing in Surah al-Isrâ verse 1 is a blessing contained power to have spaciousness of life to do curtain activities to cover the daily activities need. So that, many interpreters comment on the verse by saying many of plants, fruits, numerous crop and fertile ground. But it doesn't mean breaking the causality law which is established by god, because above blessing would be occurred when it's found the active participation from human as the actor to get it.
 To compare between the text and history occurred in Jerusalem, the researcher try to contextualize the meaning of Barakah and the result is researcher have understanding the blessing is a blessing in the sense referred to the transfer of the sanctity of the mosque of al-Haram when Prophet Muhammad committed Ascension Isrâ Mi'raj so there is a relationship was built by two cities through the symbol of Ascension of the Prophet, because of Judaism, Christianity and Islam are Abrahamic religions, Therefore the transfer of sanctity through ascension Isrâ Mi`raj from al-Haram mosque to al-Aqsa mosque is the transfer of sanctity in the form of a tangible blessing for the security of the Prophet Muhammad's journey to visit al-Aqsa mosque, and the process trail the previous prophets that who existed in Jerusalem. So the meaning of blessing in Surah al-Isrâ verse 1 it's more personal to the prophet Muhammad when carrying out a procession of Ascension Isrâ Mi`raj. And also as a form of appreciation and homage to the previous Prophets who formerly spread the religion of Allah.


Vincent Corrigan, Advisor The seventeenth century was a time of upheaval for Great Britain. Reflective of that was the plight of London's musicians. During the two civil wars, many of London's musicians either fled the city or fought for the Royalist cause. Those musicians who survived the wars had to adjust to the new reality of Commonwealth rule as professional musical institutions were dismantled. Musicians who worked in theaters, churches, and at court were forced to find new employment. The Restoration of the monarchy was a significant event in Great Britain's musical history as well as its political history. The Coronation of Charles II and the Procession on the preceding day marked not only the return of the monarchy, but also the return of Great Britain's (and especially London's) musical institutions. Several sources for the Coronation and Procession exist that provide a partial record of the music used. This thesis brings together all of the sources, including manuscripts, diaries, official documents, and music manuals (in facsimile) in order to reconstruct the musical portions of the Coronation and Procession. Although at the present moment a complete reconstruction cannot be made, this study provides as clear a picture as possible, given the sources available. This study includes transcriptions of music that was certainly part of the Coronation and Procession, as well as transcriptions of music that may have been used, but was never included in any record.


The new relationship between Ukraine and the European Union is the focus of this accessible, non-technical short guide. This relationship is based on a complex treaty: an Association Agreement with extensive political, economic and legal content, signed and entering into force provisionally in 2014 (in 2016 for a trade part). The Agreement includes a Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area (DCFTA).

This booklet is a summary of a longer Handbook entitled Deepening Ukraine-EU Relations – What, why and how?, which explains the contents of the treaty in much greater depth. The Handbook, like the present booklet, is freely available at www.3dcftas.eu in both English and Ukrainian. Both publications follow the same chapter structure, which allows readers who wish to dig deeper into the subject to readily find their way in the longer Handbook.


Antifungal resistance has become more frequent, either due to the emergence of naturally resistant species or the development of mechanisms that lead to resistance in previously susceptible species. Among these fungal species of global threat, Candida auris stands out for commonly being highly resistant to antifungal drugs, and some isolates are pan-resistant. The rate of mortality linked to C. auris infections varies from 28% to 78%. In this study, we characterized C. auris extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the presence of caspofungin, an echinocandin, which is the recommended first line antifungal for the treatment of infections due to this emerging pathogen. Furthermore, we also analyzed the protein and RNA content of EVs generated by C. auris cultivated with or without treatment with caspofungin. We observed that caspofungin led to the increased production of EVs, and treatment also altered the type and quantity of RNA molecules and proteins enclosed in the EVs. There were distinct classes of RNAs in the EVs with ncRNAs being the most identified molecules, and tRNA-fragments (tRFs) were abundant in each of the strains studied. We also identified anti-sense RNAs, varying from 21 to 55 nt in length. The differentially abundant mRNAs detected in EVs isolated from yeast subjected to caspofungin treatment were related to translation, nucleosome core and cell wall. The differentially regulated proteins identified in the EVs produced during caspofungin treatment were consistent with the results observed with the RNAs, with the enriched terms being related to translation and cell wall. Our study adds new information on how an echinocandin can affect the EV pathway, which is associated with the yeast cell being able to evade treatment and persist in the host. The ability of C. auris to efficiently alter the composition of EVs may represent a mechanism for the fungus to mitigate the effects of antifungal agents.


BACKGROUND
The three major European scientific societies in cardiovascular medicine--the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), the European Atherosclerosis Society and the European Society of Hypertension--published in October 1994 joint recommendations on prevention of coronary heart disease in clinical practice. Patients with established coronary heart disease, or other major atherosclerotic disease, were deemed to be the top priority for prevention. A European survey (EUROASPIRE) was therefore conducted under the auspices of the ESC to describe current clinical practice in relation to secondary prevention of coronary heart disease.

AIMS
The aims of EUROASPIRE were (i) to determine whether the major risk factors for coronary heart disease are recorded in patients medical records; (ii) to measure the modifiable risk factors and describe their current management following hospitalization, and (ii) to determine whether first degree blood relatives have been screened.

METHODS
The survey was conducted in selected geographical areas and hospitals in nine European countries. Consecutive patients (< or = 70 years) were identified retrospectively with the following diagnoses: coronary artery bypass grafting, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, acute myocardial infarction and acute myocardial ischaemia without infarction. Data collection was based on a retrospective review of hospital medical records and a prospective interview and examination of the patients.

RESULTS
4863 medical records were reviewed of whom 25% were women, and 3569 patients were interviewed (adjusted response rate 85%) with an average age of 61 years. Nineteen percent of patients smoked cigarettes, 25% were overweight (BMI > or = 30 kg.m-2), 53% had raised blood pressure (systolic BP > or = 140 and/or diastolic BP > or = 90 mmHg), 44% had raised total plasma cholesterol (total cholesterol > or = 5.5 mmol.l-1) and 18% were diabetic. Reported medication at interview was: antiplatelet drugs 81%, beta-blockers, 54% (58% in post-infarction patients). ACE inhibitors 30% (38% in post infarction patients) and lipid lowering drugs 32%. Of the patients receiving blood pressure lowering drugs (not always prescribed for the treatment of hypertension) 50% had a systolic BP > 140 mmHg and 21% > 160 mmHg, and of those receiving lipid lowering drugs, 49% had plasma total cholesterol > 5.5 mmol.l-1 and 13% > 6.5 mmol.l-1. Thirty-seven percent of patients had a family history of premature coronary heart disease in a first-degree blood relative, but only 21% of patients reported being advised to have their relatives screened for coronary risk factors.

CONCLUSIONS
This European survey has demonstrated a high prevalence of modifiable risk factors in coronary heart disease patients. There is considerable potential for cardiologists and physicians to further reduce coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality and improve patients chances of survival.


YB-1 controls gene expression through both transcriptional and translational mechanisms and is involved in various biological activities such as brain development, chemoresistance, and tumor progression. We have previously shown that YB-1 is overexpressed in cisplatin-resistant cells and is involved in resistance against DNA-damaging agents. Structural analysis of the YB-1 promoter reveals that several E-boxes may participate in the regulation of YB-1 expression. Here, we show that the E-box-binding transcription factor Twist is overexpressed in cisplatin-resistant cells and that YB-1 is a target gene of Twist. Silencing of either Twist or YB-1 expression induces G(1) phase cell cycle arrest of tumor cell growth. Significantly, reexpression of YB-1 led to increase colony formation when Twist expression was down-regulated by small interfering RNA. However, cotransfection of Twist expression plasmid could not increase colony formation when YB-1 expression was down-regulated. Collectively, these data suggest that YB-1 is a major downstream target of Twist. Both YB-1 and Twist expression could induce tumor progression, promoting cell growth and driving oncogenesis in various cancers. Thus, both YB-1 and Twist may represent promising molecular targets for cancer therapy.


The authors analyze a unique, comprehensive, multi-decade dataset of all communications with clients by a boutique investment advisory and investment management firm to explore the behavior of individuals involved in financial decision making. They propose and test a theory of self-regulation to explain both the appeal and the value of investment managers to individual investors, and they find that all of the predictions of the theory are borne out by the data. In short, this unique dataset suggests that an important service provided by investment advisors, and apparently desired by individual investors, is the barrier the advisor provides to prevent the individual from aggressively trading and thereby losing money.


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to better understand the future of hotel chains by exploring the evolving expectations of guests, potential innovations, emerging opportunities, and likely future scenarios.

Design/methodology/approach

A literature review consisting of current events, industry reports, and recent trends is utilized to summarize and categorize the challenges and opportunities facing hotel chains.

Findings

The future of hotel chains will be driven by the convergence of an increasingly competitive landscape, along with a diverse evolving customer base seeking out unique and individualized experiences. In order to survive in the future hotel chains will have to: listen to and learn from guests incorporating big data insights, go beyond segments to provide personalized services, continuously develop the brand through signature experiences, utilize collaboration and open innovation to maintain an edge in technology and service, and through total revenue management generate ancillary revenues and maximize guest spend.

Originality/value

This paper provides a comprehensive set of recommendations to hotel chains highlighting opportunities related to: financing, revenue generation, personalization, and co-creation.


We previously reported the application of spinning-disk interferometry, implemented in a compact optical sensor format called the BioCD, in the detection of antigen-antibody recognition. The BioCD consists of interferometers micro-fabricated on the surface of a 2" laser mirror disk, which can spin up to 6000 rpm resulting in high data acquisition rates. The interferometric elements are fabricated by evaporating gold ridges on the mirror substrate operating in the linear sensitivity regime of the interferometer defined as quadrature. Antibodies or proteins are immobilized on the gold interferometric structures through alkanethiols, and the target molecules are immobilized by application of reagents or samples to the disk while it is spinning. The centrifugal force distributes the sample over the sensor surface, causing a change in the optical phase of the interferometric elements, which is detected in real time using a lock-in amplifier with small detection bandwidth. We detected the binding of Mouse IgG by immobilized Anti-Mouse IgG using the BioCD with a detection limit of 1 ng/ml and low non-specific binding. Furthermore, the selectivity of specific binding was found to be greater than 1 in 10000, determined using the response curve of the BioCD to exposures of specific and non-specific analytes of varying concentrations. This opens up the possibility of simultaneous detection of several analytes with the same sensor while maintaining high selectivity. In this paper we demonstrate simultaneous detection of Rabbit and Mouse IgG on the same disk. The sensitivity limit for multi-analyte detection remains the same as that for a single analyte. In addition to the ability to do simultaneous detection, the current detection scheme presents a way to reference the results of one track with respect to others, thus increasing the reliability of the data. Used in conjunction with high-density protein patterning techniques, the BioCD has the potential to be a highly multiplexed label-free high-speed sensor.


Authors : Duangchai Sookchaloem, Sutida Maneeanakekul Abstract : Araceous plant or Araceae is a monocotyledon family having numerous potential useful plants. Two hundred and ten species of Araceae were reported in Thailand, of which 43 species were reported as threatened plants. Fifty percent of endemic status and rare status plants were recorded in limestone areas. Currently, these areas are seriously threatened by land-use changes. The study on taxonomy of Araceous plants was carried out in Lop Buri and Saraburi limestone mountains from February 2011 to May 2015. The purposes of this study were to study species diversity, taxonomic character and ecological habitat. 55 specimens collected from various limestone areas including Pra Phut Tabat National forest (Pra Phut Tabat Mountain, Khao Pra Phut Tabat Noi Mountains, Wat Thum Krabog Mountain), Tab Khwang and Muak Lek Natinal forest (Pha Lad mountain, and Muak Lek waterfall) in Saraburi province ,and Wang Plaeng Ta Muang and Lumnarai National forest (Wat Thum chang phuk mountain), Panead National forest (Wat Khao Samo Khon Mountain), Lan Ta Ridge National forest (Khao Wong Prachan mountain, Wat Pa Chumchon) in Lop Buri province. Twenty species of Araceous plants were identified using characteristics of underground stem, phyllotaxis and leaf blade, spathe and spadix. Species list are Aglaonema cochinchinense, A. simplex, Alocasia acuminata, Amorphophallus paeoniifolius, A. albispathus, A. saraburiensis, A. pseudoharmandii, Pycnospatha arietina, Hapaline kerri, Lasia spinosa, Pothos scandens, Typhonium laoticum, T. orbifolium, T. saraburiense, T. trilobatum, T. sp.1, T. sp. 2, Cryptocoryne crispatula var. balansae, Scindapsus sp., and Rhaphidophora peepla. Five species are new locality records. One species (Typhonium sp.1) is considered as a new species. Seven species were reported as threatened plants in Thailand Red Data Book. Taxonomic features were used for key to species constructions. Araceous specimens were found in mixed deciduous forests, dry evergreen forests with 50-470 m. elevation. New ecological habitat of Typhonium laoticum, T. orbifolium, and T. saraburiense were reported in this study.


We find a remarkable time persistence of various proxies for the kurtosis (p-kurtosis) of the intraday returns distribution for the S&P500 index and this permits a significant measure of their evolution from 1983 to 2004. There appears a long time scale dramatic variation of the p-kurtosis uncorrelated with the variation of the volatility thus falsifying any hypothesis of a universal shape for the probability distribution of the returns. A large increase in the kurtosis anticipates the October 87 crash. During the years 1991-2003 it continuously decreases even when the volatility grows during the dot-com bubble. We propose some speculative interpretations of these results.


Plants are sensitive to external environmental conditions and the mechanisms of stress tolerance in plants are complex. As one of the most significant epigenetic phenomena, DNA methylation plays a crucial role in plants' adaptation to environmental changes. Recent research has improved our understanding of the relationship between DNA methylation and stress tolerance. Here, we review the mechanism of DNA methylation and discuss recent reports of the dynamics of DNA methylation in plants under abiotic stress conditions, including high salt concentration, drought, and extreme temperatures. The DNA methylation plays important functions during the response to stress in plants, but the differential variations of which were exhibiting in different species. The consistent or the specific mechanisms of DNA methylation need further exploration.


Background An innovative new palliative care unit opened in December 2011 within an NHS hospital with a completely new team, many of whom had not worked in a predominantly palliative setting before. A high volume of controlled drugs was given to patients and the number of errors, as reported by the electronic internal error reporting system, was higher than desired. Controlled drugs were given out to patients at the end of the nursing night shift (for morning drugs) and end of the late shift (for evening drugs). Changing the times of administration of drugs so that this was done at the start rather than the end of a shift was thought to offer a possible solution to this problem. Aim To reduce the number of errors made with controlled drug administration in a cost effective way. Result Before changing the timing of the controlled drug rounds there were 23 errors relating to controlled drugs reported in 13 months (7 relating to administration and 5 of these to administration of regular, rather than "as required", medication). The controlled drug timings were altered slightly so that, instead of being done by the nurses at the end of a shift, they were administered by nurses at the start of their shift when they were less tired. Since changing to the slightly different times there have been 4 reported errors relating to controlled drugs in 6 months, none of which relate to administration of controlled drugs. Conclusion Maintaining a 12 hour gap between controlled drug administration but giving the medicine out at the start of nursing shifts has been a free and effective way to reduce the number of controlled drug errors occurring on the ward and reduce administration errors to zero.


In this study, we synthesized a novel benzimidazole-based Schiff base; (E)-4,4'methylenebis(2-((E)-(((1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methyl)imino)methyl)phenol) (3) was synthesized by the condensation of 5,5'-methylenebis(2-hydroxybenzaldehyde) (1) and (1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2yl)methanamine.HCl salt (2). This Schiff base derivative was reported for the first time and fully characterized by common spectroscopic techniques. Absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy were recorded to determine the sensing ability of 3 towards metal ions. Selectivity to Zn ion among studied other cations was detected. The crystal structure of 2, C8H13Cl2N3O, has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction method. The crystal structure of the title compound, C8H11N32(Cl)H2O, consists of an organic 1H-benzoimidazol-3-ium (C8H11N3) cation, an inorganic 2(Cl) anion and one water (H2O) molecule. In the cation of studied compound, C8H11N3, the benzimidazole ring is almost planar with a maximum deviation of -0.012 (3) Å. The molecule crystallized in the monoclinic structure and the space group P21/c. The crystalline stacking structure is stabilized by intramolecular N–H···Cl, N–H···O, the intermolecular N–H···Cl hydrogen bond interactions connection the molecules into a two dimensional network and between anions and the water molecules. π-π interaction between benzimidazole rings [centroid–centroid lengths = 3.4642 (2) Å, 3.5309 (2) Å and 3.5527 (2) Å] may further stabilize the structure.


This essay briefly describes George Monbiot's vision of how the global economy should operate, and briefly describes Hans Kung's understanding of what the global ethic is. It is noted that Monbiot and Kung are radicals because they view economic practicalities in morally directed terms. Their work forges a direct link between discourses of ethical meaning and discourses of practical rationality. Such a link is radical because it goes against the grain of the Modernist separation of facts from meanings, and this separatism is deeply embedded in the contemporary Western Weltanschauung. Our Weltanschauung tacitly defines normalcy and legitimacy for the prevailing economic and political status quo. This essay maintains that overcoming the difficulties of linking the global economy to the global ethic can only be accomplished by a transformation of the Western Weltanschauung. Until our worldview requires economic facts and moral meanings to synthesise, we cannot radically change our world order in the direction in which both Monbiot and Kung advocate. Hence, this essay explores the relationship between facts and meanings in Western cultural history in order to clarify what sort of a "metaphysical mutation" we need to undergo to create an ethical global


During the submerged batch cultivation of a riboflavin-producing strain of Eremothecium ashbyi three phases were observed. The first phase was characterized by rapid growth of mycelium, rapid utilization and oxidation of glucose and a decrease of pH value caused by accumulation of pyruvic acid. Subsequently acetoin accumulated in the medium. Glucose was oxidized incompletely since only 1 -8 pmole oxygen were consumed/pmole glucose utilized. The end of this phase was marked by exhaustion of glucose and cessation of growth. The second phase began with sporulation and was characterized by rapid synthesis of cell-bound riboflavin. Simultaneously a rapid increase in catalase activity and decreases of pyruvate and acetoin were observed. This was accompanied by a marked decrease in Qo, on glucose while the Qo, on pyruvate, threonine or acetaldehyde increased to a maximum. Ammonia accumulated in the medium and alkaline pH values were reached. The third phase was characterized by autolysis of mycelium which led to the release of riboflavin and to a decrease of enzymic activities. A comparison of all important physiological parameters was made with two strains of E. ashbyi of different riboflavin productivity. On the basis of correlation between riboflavin formation, catalase activity and respiration on acetaldehyde, an hypothesis is proposed to explain overproduction of riboflavin by a shift from the initial cytochrome type of terminal respiration to the flavoprotein type which is, however, accompanied by over-production of the flavin prosthetic group.


The role of the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) in controlling interannual variability in the East African short rains, from October to December, is examined in state-of-the-art models and in detail in one particular climate model. In observations, a wet short-rainy season is associated with the positive phase of the IOD and anomalous easterly low-level flow across the equatorial Indian Ocean. A model's ability to capture the teleconnection to the positive IOD is closely related to its representation of the mean state. During the short-rains season, the observed low-level wind in the equatorial Indian Ocean is westerly. However, half of the models analyzed exhibit mean-state easterlies across the entire basin. Specifically, those models that exhibit mean-state low-level equatorial easterlies in the Indian Ocean, rather than the observed westerlies, are unable to capture the latitudinal structure of moisture advection into East Africa during a positive IOD. Furthermore, the associated anomalous easterly surface wind stress causes upwelling in the eastern Indian Ocean. This upwelling draws up cool subsurface waters, enhancing the zonal sea surface temperature gradient between west and east and strengthening the positive IOD pattern, further amplifying the easterly wind stress. This positive Bjerknes coupled feedback is stronger in easterly mean-state models, resulting in a wetter East African short-rain precipitation bias in those models.


Objective: To investigate the effect of preoperative embolization combined with Kawase approach in the treatment of petroclival meningioma.
Methods: Retrospective analysis of 15 cases of preoperative embolization combined with Kawase approach surgical treatment of petroclival meningioma, and 15 cases of patients without preoperative embolization were treated as controls. The surgical difficulty, intraoperative blood loss and operation time of two groups were tested.
Result: The average blood loss of the preoperative embolization group was (315.52 ± 58.71 ml), the average blood transfusion was (185.35 ± 46.15 ml), the average operation time was (2.52 ± 0.59 h). The mean blood loss was (1136.25 ± 8.26 ml), and the average blood transfusion was (488.63 ± 62.32 ml), the average operation time was (5.15 ± 1.26 h) in the non-embolization group. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). The degree of tumor resection in the preoperative embolization group was significantly higher than that in the non-embolization group.
Conclusion: Preoperative embolization can significantly reduce intraoperative blood loss, operation time, and decrease the difficulty of Kawase approach surgery.


BACKGROUND
A significant minority of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) display features of autoimmunity without meeting the criteria for overt connective tissue disease. A link between IPF and other immune-mediated processes, such as hypothyroidism (HT), has not been reported. In this investigation, we aimed to determine whether HT is associated with IPF and if outcomes differ between patients with IPF with and without HT.

METHODS
A retrospective case-control analysis was conducted. Of 311 patients referred to the University of Chicago Interstitial Lung Disease Center with an initial diagnosis of IPF, 196 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis. Each case was matched 1:1 by age, sex, and race to a control subject with COPD.

RESULTS
HT was identified in 16.8% of cases and 7.1% of control subjects (OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.31-5.54; P = .01). Among patients with IPF, HT was associated with reduced survival time (P < .001) and was found to be an independent predictor of mortality in multivariable Cox regression analysis (hazard ratio, 2.12; 95% CI, 1.31-3.43; P = .002). A secondary analysis of two IPF clinical trial datasets supports these findings.

CONCLUSIONS
HT is common among patients with IPF, with a higher prevalence than in those with COPD and the general population. The presence of HT also predicts mortality in IPF, a finding that may improve future prognostication models. More research is needed to determine the biologic link between IPF and HT and how the presence of thyroid disease may influence disease progression.


Summary Examples are given of three dams, two rather old, water impounding dams, the other, more recently constructed, for retaining industrial waste. All three dams suffered some degree of failure and, as a result, were investigated more fully than would otherwise have been the case. At Lluest Wen, following emergency grouting and other work, a detailed examination disclosed so many imperfections in the puddle core that a new slurry trench cut off was provided. A 20 ft diameter shaft at the draw-off works was partly investigatory, partly for remedial works. The industrial waste dam developed alarming symptoms during its construction and suffered a partial failure. Following investigations, remedial works were put in hand. Even during the progress of these, there were further untoward events but finally, the dam was stabilized. Tittesworth dam suffered a downstream slide during works to raise the impounding level. The original site investigation failed to find foundation weaknesses which were not fully disclosed until excavations were made during the course of the reconstruction. A search of the owner's records showed that the slope had slipped during the original construction.


The aim of this work was to determine the taxonomic composition and relative abundance of the soil meso and macrofauna and their different trophic groups as affected by soil management practices. Four cropping systems were evaluated: LC50 [(50% pasture 50% cropping under conventional tillage (LC)], SD50 [(50% pasture 50% cropping under no-tillage (SD)], LC75 (25% pasture 75% cropping under LC), SD75 (25% pasture 75% cropping under SD). In the year 2000, a pasture (P) was sown on LC50 and SD50 and in 2001 it was one year old. On LC75 and SD75, corn was planted in 2000 and soybean was planted in 2001. Most of the individuals observed in 2000 within the mesofauna were enchytraeids and their abundance was not different between LC and SD, whereas in 2001 the highest abundance of enchytraeids was observed under the 15-year-old P. Within the macrofauna, earthworms, isopods and miriapods predominated, but isopods and miriapods were dominant under P in both years. In the first year, the meso and macrofauna densities were not significantly different (p>0.003) among cropping systems, although they tended to be greater under SD. In the second year, such densities were significantly higher (p<0.003) under P. In both years, density interactions between cropping systems and fertilization rates were not significant (p>0.003) for detritivours, herbivours, predators and omnivous. Despite the lack of significant differences (p>0.003) among systems during the first year, all four trophic groups were more abundant under P and SD than under LC. In the second year, detritivours, predators, and omnivours were significantly more abundant under P than under soybean. Our results confirm that the cropping systems affected the taxonomic composition of the soil meso and macrofauna and their trophic groups. On the other hand, the abundance of both communities increased under P throughout the experiment.


Forest plantations may minimize the effects of deforestation in the Amazon. However, there are differences among species in terms of their influences on soil recovery. The effects of monospecific plantations of Acacia mangium , Dipteryx odorata , Jacaranda copaia , Parkia decussata ,and Swietenia macrophylla, and areas of pasture and native forest on the chemical soil attributes of the Brazilian Amazon were evaluated. One bulked soil sample was collected per plot (0.00-0.05, 0.05-0.10, and 0.10-0.30 m; three plots of 128 m 2 ) in each area. No significant differences in most of the soil attributes were observed among the forest plantations. However, soil K + and P were higher in the Swietenia macrophylla plantations, while higher values of Ca 2+ , sum of bases, and pH occurred in Jacaranda copaia plantations. In the native forest, the pH, and P content were lower, whereas the soil organic matter (SOM) content, soil organic carbon (SOC) content, cation exchange capacity (CEC), N content, H+Al content, and Al 3+ content were higher than in the plantations. The lowest values of SOM, SOC, CEC, K + , Mg 2+ , N, H+Al, and Al 3+ occurred in the pasture. None of the forest species led to the return of the original soil chemical attributes of the native forest. However, S. macrophylla and J. copaia plantations presented the highest positive edaphic influences.


in patients with intraoperative placental separation and those with placenta percreta. In five of the 23 patients diagnosed as having placenta accreta preoperatively, placenta accreta was not detected at the time of the operation. Conclusion: The volume of blood loss in cases of placenta accreta depends on the occurrence/non-occurrence of intraoperative placental separation and existence of placenta percreta. Since preoperative diagnosis of placenta accreta is frequently difficult, it is necessary to be in a state of readiness for total hysterectomy in all patients with placenta previa, even those not diagnosed preoperatively to have placenta accreta.


OBJECTIVE
To assess individualized satisfaction with migraine treatment, patient expectations, importance rankings, treatment outcomes, and overall satisfaction were combined using a four-part conceptual model. This article describes the measurement properties of the Migraine Treatment Satisfaction Measure (MTSM) using participants from a randomized controlled trial evaluating a Headache Management Program (HMP).

METHODS
Participants completed the first two parts of the MTSM upon enrollment and the final two parts at 6 months. Internal consistency reliability was computed within each of the four modules. Discriminant validity was ascertained using Migraine Disability Assessment Survey (MIDAS), Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and MSFB scores. Convergent validity was established by hypothesized positive correlations between MTSM scores, Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form (SF-36), MIDAS, and Migraine Symptom Frequency Bother (MSFB).

RESULTS
In total, 124 participants (mean age 45.4 years, 75% women, 59.7% Caucasian) enrolled. Internal consistency for expectations, importance rankings, outcomes, and satisfaction measures was 0.83, 0.95, 0.86, and 0.95, respectively. As the severity of depression increased, MTSM scores decreased significantly. ANOVA between MTSM scores and symptom bothersomeness and symptom frequency tertiles showed a significant decrease in satisfaction in the moderate-to-severe groups. MTSM scores showed expected associations with MSFB scores (-0.301; P < 0.01), MIDAS (-0.267; P < 0.01), general health (0.253; P < 0.05), mental health (0.217; P < 0.05), and vitality subscales of SF-36 (0.214; P < 0.05). Patients in the HMP reported significantly higher MTSM scores (43.2 vs. 31.4; P < 0.001). Patients on triptans reported a significantly higher satisfaction compared to patients on analgesics (39.5 vs. 32.9; P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION
The MTSM is a valid and reliable patient-reported outcome that can be used to evaluate differences in treatment satisfaction associated with migraine therapies.


Background: IMGN853 is a folate receptor α (FRα)-binding antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) that utilizes the potent tubulin-targeting maytansinoid, DM4, as its cytotoxic agent. FRα is highly expressed in many solid tumors, particularly epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), endometrial cancer and non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma. IMGN853 is currently being evaluated as monotherapy in FRα-positive solid tumors in a Phase 1 trial (NCT01609556), with encouraging results recently reported in 17 evaluable patients treated at 6.0 mg/kg adjusted ideal body weight (AIBW) with platinum-resistant EOC (Moore K et al, 2015). Methods: EOC cell line xenograft models plus EOC patient derived xenograft (PDX) models that had FRα expression representative of patients enrolled in the Phase 1 trial were used to assess IMGN853 single agent and combination therapy activity. Anti-cancer therapies used in EOC were assessed. Results from studies with bevacizumab (Bev), carboplatin and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) are reported herein. Results: IMGN853 plus Bev was assessed in multiple models including OV90 and IGROV-1 EOC cell line xenografts and a platinum-resistant EOC PDX model, and was consistently more active than either agent alone. In most studies, monotherapy IMGN853 or Bev was active with few partial or complete regressions. In contrast, combination IMGN853 + Bev was highly active, with a majority of the animals having partial or complete tumor regression. The combination activity was substantially more than additive and studies to understand the mechanism(s) responsible for the enhanced activity are ongoing. Combination carboplatin + IMGN853 was more active than carboplatin + paclitaxel in OV90 EOC xenografts. The addition of Bev to carboplatin + paclitaxel enhanced activity compared to carboplatin + paclitaxel. Carboplatin + IMGN853 was more efficacious than the triple combination of carboplatin + paclitaxel + Bev. Carboplatin + IMGN853 + Bev was the most active combination with all mice having tumors that completely regressed. Finally, the combination of PLD and IMGN853 was highly active in a platinum-resistant EOC PDX model, and much more active than PLD or IMGN853 alone. All combinations with IMGN853 described above were well tolerated. Conclusion: Combination therapy efficacy of IMGN853 with Bev was substantially more than additive in multiple models of platinum resistant EOC. Combination IMGN853 + PLD is more efficacious than either monotherapy and combination IMGN853 + carboplatin is more efficacious than carboplatin + paclitaxel in the models studied. Addition of Bev to the carboplatin + IMGN853 combination further enhanced activity. Studies to understand the mechanism(s) responsible for the enhanced combination activity are under way. The efficacy observed in these models suggests that IMGN853 in combination with PLD, or Bev and/or carboplatin may be promising regimens to evaluate in clinical trials of EOC both in the relapsed and upfront settings. A phase1b clinical study assessing doublet combinations of IMGN853 with PLD, Bev and carboplatin in relapsed EOC is planned for 2015. Citation Format: Jose F. Ponte, Jennifer Coccia, Leanne Lanieri, Rabih Gabriel, Jan Pinkas, Rodrigo Ruiz-Soto. Preclinical evaluation of mirvetuximab soravtansine (IMGN853) combination therapy in ovarian cancer xenograft models. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2015 Nov 5-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2015;14(12 Suppl 2):Abstract nr C170.


Magmatic sulfide deposits fall into two major groups when considered on the basis of the value of their contained metals, one group in which Ni, and, to a lesser extent, Cu, are the most valuable products and a second in which the PGE are the most important. The first group includes komatiite- (both Archean and Paleoproterozoic), flood basalt-, ferropicrite-, and anorthosite complex-related deposits, a miscellaneous group related to high Mg basalts, Sudbury, which is the only example related to a meteorite impact melt, and a group of hitherto uneconomic deposits related to Ural-Alaskan–type intrusions. PGE deposits are mostly related to large intrusions comprising both an early MgO- and SiO2-rich magma and a later Al2O3-rich, tholeiitic magma, although several other intrusive types contain PGE in lesser, mostly uneconomic quantities. Most Ni-rich deposits occur in rocks ranging from the Late Archean to the Mesozoic. PGE deposits tend to predominate in Late Archean to Paleoproterozoic intrusions, although the limited number of occurrences casts doubt on the statistical validity of this observation.

A number of key events mark the development of a magmatic sulfide deposit, partial melting of the mantle, ascent into the crust, development of sulfide immisciblity as a result of crustal interaction, ascent of magma + sulfides to higher crustal levels, concentration of the sulfides, their enrichment through interaction with fresh magma (not always the case), cooling and crystallization. Factors governing this development include (1) the solubility of sulfur in silicate melts and how this varies as a function of partial mantle melting and subsequent fractional crystallization, (2) the partitioning of chalcophile metals between sulfide and silicate liquids, and how the results of this vary during mantle melting and subsequent crystallization and sulfide immiscibility (degree of melting and crystallization, R factor and subsequent enrichment), (3) how effectively the sulfides become concentrated and the factors controlling this, and (4) processes that occur during the cooling of the sulfide liquid that govern aspects of exploration and mineral beneficiation. These topics are discussed first in general terms and then with specific reference to deposits at Noril'sk, Kambalda, and Voisey's Bay. With regard to Voisey's Bay, quantitative modeling is consistent with the very low PGE concentrations in this deposit being the result of some sulfide having been left behind in the mantle during partial melting. Both the Noril'sk and Voisey's Bay deposits are shown to be economic because of subsequent upgrading of the


Background: Vitamin D is a prohormone that starts to synthesize in the skin and then convert from inactive to active metabolite through liver and kidney. It is essential nutrient for bone mineralization and deficiency can lead to rickets in children and osteomalacia in adult. In this study, we aim to estimate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Saudi children and whether it is associated with iron deficiency anemia in Saudi children. Method: A combined design was used for the study, where we initially collected data from patients' medical records, retrospectively. Then, we compared between patients with vitamin D deficiency and iron deficiency anemia. We used data collection sheet composed of three sections; demographic data, laboratory results and growth parameters. Data were entered and analyzed using IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Results: From 401 patients reviewed, only 249 were eligible to enter the study. Male patients accounted for the 59.4%. The mean age for the patients was 6.14 years. One hundred patients had vitamin D deficiency (40.2%); whereas 21 patients had iron deficiency anemia (8.4%). Our data showed that there was no association between vitamin D deficiency and iron deficiency anemia (p value=0.505). Conclusion: To the contrast of global and local results, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was low in our study. We could not demonstrate any significance of iron deficiency anemia as an independent risk factor for vitamin D deficiency.


Loess its origin and connection, with the climate of the glacial epoch The origin of loess is discussed here on the basis of facts observed and gathered by the author from 1937 to 1949 in Greenland (the recent loess) and in southeastern Poland (Pleistocene loess). The problem is here examined in the light of the present conceptions, especially the aeolian hypothesis (Richthofen, Tutkovski, Soergel, Hobbs), and the eluvian one (Berg, Ganssen). The author is inclined to agree with the first one, nevertheless he admits that there are some important arguments in the second one, which cannot be overlooked when framing a general idea of the origin of loess.


Hsp90 is one of the most conserved and abundant molecular chaperones and is an essential component of the protective stress response; however, its roles in abiotic stress responses in soybean (Glycine max) remain obscure. Here, 12 GmHsp90 genes from soybean were identified and found to be expressed and to function differentially under abiotic stresses. The 12 GmHsp90 genes were isolated and named GmHsp90A1–GmHsp90A6, GmHsp90B1, GmHsp90B2, GmHsp90C1.1, GmHsp90C1.2, GmHsp90C2.1 and GmHsp90C2.2 based on their characteristics and high homology to other Hsp90s according to a new nomenclature system. Quantitative real-time PCR expression data revealed that all the genes exhibited higher transcript levels in leaves and could be strongly induced under heat, osmotic and salt stress but not cold stress. Overexpression of five typical genes (GmHsp90A2, GmHsp90A4, GmHsp90B1, GmHsp90C1.1 and GmHsp90C2.1) in Arabidopsis thaliana provided useful evidences that GmHsp90 genes can decrease damage of abiotic stresses. In addition, an abnormal accumulation of proline was detected in some transgenic Arabidopsis plants suggested overexpressing GmHsp90s may affect the synthesis and response system of proline. Our work represents a systematic determination of soybean genes encoding Hsp90s, and provides useful evidence that GmHsp90 genes function differently in response to abiotic stresses and may affect the synthesis and response system of proline.


A major vector of computer infection is through exploiting vulnerable software or design flaws in networked applications such as the browser. Malicious code can be fetched and executed on a victim's machine without the user's permission, as in drive-by download (DBD) attacks. In this paper, we describe a new tool called DeWare (standing for Detection of Malware) for detecting the onset of infection delivered through vulnerable applications. DeWare enforces the dependencies between user actions and system events, such as file-system access and process execution. Our tool can be used to provide real time protection of a personal computer, as well as for diagnosing and evaluating untrusted websites for forensic purposes. Our solution demonstrates a usable host-based framework for controlling and enforcing the access of system resources. We perform extensive experimental evaluation, including a user study with 21 participants, thousands of legitimate websites (for testing false alarms), 84 malicious websites in the wild, as well as lab reproduced exploits. Our results show that DeWare is able to correctly distinguish legitimate download events from unauthorized system events with a low false positive rate (< 1%).


Providing adequate parking facilities has become a major concern for many health care institutions. By performing a demand analysis based on information provided here, hospitals can begin to address the issues of: number of spaces needed to serve their present and future parking needs, pooled vs. segregated parking areas, and distance from parking area to hospital entrance for each group of hospital users. Also presented are three other factors that must be considered when planning for parking facilities: traffic flow around the lot or structure, parking fees, and location of new spaces.