Shallow shear-wave seismic-reflection profiles were collected over the southwestern projection of the Fluorspar Area fault complex into the northern Jackson Purchase region of western Kentucky. The area lies at the northern end of the sediment-filled Mississippi embayment, where the Paleozoic carbonate rocks are masked by a relatively thin, approximately 100 m sequence of nonlithified Cretaceous, Tertiary, and Quaternary sediments. The interpreted profiles imaged clear evidence of fault and apparent fold propagation into the near-surface Quaternary units. The profiles also showed evidence of various structural styles associated with episodic movement. The exact timing of the latest tectonic episode exhibited on the profiles is not known because of the lack of more accurate stratigraphic detail coincident with the lines. However, physical evidence of Quaternary deformation less than 10 m below the ground surface, along with the instrumentally recorded seismic events located in the immediate vicinity of the study area, emphasizes the problematic nature of these fault segments for the design of critical or high-hazard structures.


Abstract Building on work on sexual harassment in schools, this article continues one of the threads from the first Schooling and Sexualities conference held, in 1995. In so doing, it offers a contemporary account of a teacher's sexual harassment by one of her students, through a sexually violent comment posted about her on the Rate My Teacher website. Throughout, I explore the affective politics of sexual harassment. In developing an understanding of affective politics as it plays out through an online review, a teacher, a classroom and students, I draw on the concepts of affects and assemblages, and the capacity of a sexual harassment assemblage to constitute (and de-constitute) identities. I consider how power is both increased and also diminished between student and teacher in an assemblage of gendered, sexual and neoliberal identities; and how she and her student are re-situated through the sexual harassment. Attending to the affective politics of a teacher's sexual harassment by her student offers a way to understand violence and identities as social, material and discursive assemblages, and contributes to understanding sexual harassment in schools, particularly where teachers are targeted.


The distribution and habitat of two stag beetles, Hoplogonus bornemisszai and H. vanderschoori (Coleoptera: Lucanidae) listed under the Tasmanian Threatened Species Protection Act 1995 were investigated. The number of sites of occurrence for H. bornemisszai was increased from 4 to 28 and its extent of occurrence was calculated to be 1,200 ha (12 km2). The number of sites of occurrence for H. vanderschoori was increased from 3 to 22 and its extent of occurrence was 9,510 ha (95 km2). Both species appeared to have patchy distributions and occurred at variable population densities. H. vanderschoori was found predominantly in wetter forest types than H.bornemisszai including rainforest and mixed forest types, but was not found in regenerating wet eucalypt forest. The ranges of the two species did not overlap. However, the range of H. bornemisszai is contiguous with that of another threatened stag beetle, H. simsoni. Together, the ranges of the three species indicate the presence of a biogeographical mosaic. Only 20% of potential habitat for H. bornemisszai, and 30% for H. vanderschoori, occurs in reserves or areas bound by a conservation covenant. Conservation measures are recommended for the maintenance of populations of these species in areas subject to forestry activities.


This work investigates the effects of cavitation on spray characteristics by comparing measurements of liquid and vapor penetration as well as ignition delay and lift-off length. A smoothedinlet, converging nozzle (nominal KS1.5) was compared to a sharpedged nozzle (nominal K0) in a constant-volume combustion vessel under thermodynamic conditions consistent with modern compression ignition engines. Within the near-nozzle region, the K0 nozzle displayed larger radial dispersion of the liquid as compared to the KS1.5 nozzle, and shorter axial liquid penetration. Moving downstream, the KS1.5 jet growth rate increased, eventually reaching a growth rate similar to the K0 nozzle while maintaining a smaller radial width. The increasing spreading angle in the far field creates a virtual origin, or mixing offset, several millimeters downstream for the KS1.5 nozzle. Remarkably, this mixing offset appeared to globally influence the liquid penetration and lift-off stabilization location over a wide range of operating conditions. When this offset was removed, OH chemiluminescence-derived lift-off lengths for the two nozzles essentially collapsed. An Eulerian multiphase mixture model, with Large-Eddy Simulations (LES) combining internal and external flow predicted the trends in spreading angle in the region close to the injector. The K0 simulation showed cavitation zones along walls downstream of the nozzle inlet with some dispersion into the center of the jet before the nozzle exit. With a slightly diverging nozzle (as measured), the K0 simulation also indicated that low pressure zones draw ambient gas just inside the nozzle exit, which, combined with cavitation dynamics, should be considered as a potential contributor to the initial growth rate. 80 Penetration and Combustion Characterization of Cavitating and Non-Cavitating Fuel Injectors under Diesel Engine Conditions 2016-01-0860 Published 04/05/2016 Fredrik R. Westlye Technical University of Denmark Michele Battistoni Universita degli Studi di Perugia Scott A. Skeen, Julien Manin, and Lyle M. Pickett Sandia National Laboratories Anders Ivarsson Technical University of Denmark CITATION: Westlye, F., Battistoni, M., Skeen, S., Manin, J. et al., "Penetration and Combustion Characterization of Cavitating and Non-Cavitating Fuel Injectors under Diesel Engine Conditions," SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-0860, 2016, doi:10.4271/2016-01-0860. Copyright © 2016 SAE International Downloaded from SAE International by Brought to You By The Technical Univ of Denmark, Friday, April 22, 2016


INTRODUCTION
A well-known complication of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) is differential hypoxia, in which poorly-oxygenated blood ejected from the left ventricle mixes with and displaces well-oxygenated blood from the circuit, thereby causing cerebral hypoxia and ischemia. We sought to characterize the impact of patient size and anatomy on cerebral perfusion under a range of different VA ECMO flow conditions.

METHODS
We use one-dimensional (1D) flow simulations to investigate mixing zone location and cerebral perfusion across 10 different levels of VA ECMO support in eight semi-idealized patient geometries, for a total of 80 scenarios. Measured outcomes included mixing zone location and cerebral blood flow (CBF).

RESULTS
Depending on patient anatomy, we found that a VA ECMO support ranging between 67-97% of a patient's ideal cardiac output was needed to perfuse the brain. In some cases, VA ECMO flows exceeding 90% of the patient's ideal cardiac output are needed for adequate cerebral perfusion.

CONCLUSIONS
Individual patient anatomy markedly affects mixing zone location and cerebral perfusion in VA ECMO. Future fluid simulations of VA ECMO physiology should incorporate varied patient sizes and geometries in order to best provide insights toward reducing neurologic injury and improved outcomes in this patient population.


We study coding artifacts in MPEG-compressed scalable audio. Specifically, we consider the MPEG advanced audio coder (AAC) using bit slice scalable arithmetic coding (BSAC) as implemented in the MPEG 4 reference software. First, we perform human subjective testing using the comparison category rating (CCR) approach, quantitatively comparing the performance of scalable BSAC with the nonscalable TwinVQ and AAC algorithms. This testing indicates that scalable BSAC performs very poorly relative to TwinVQ at the lowest bitrate considered (16 kb/s), largely because of an annoying and seemingly random mid-range tonal signal that is superimposed onto the desired output. In order to understand better and quantify perceptually the various forms of distortion introduced into compressed audio at low bit rates, we apply two analysis techniques: Reng probing and time-frequency decomposition. The Reng probing technique is capable of separating the linear time-invariant component of a multirate system from its nonlinear and periodically time-varying components. Using this technique, we conclude that aliasing is probably not the cause of the annoying tonal signal; instead, time-frequency analysis indicates that its cause is most likely suboptimal bit allocation.


This study aimed to determine the relationship between bone mineral content, habitual physical activity, and calcium intake in children. Fifty-seven children, aged 8–11 years, wore pedometers for seven days to assess activity. Calcium intake was estimated by a 4-day food diary. Bone mineral content (BMC) and areal density (BMD) were measured at the total proximal femur and femoral neck using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Regression analysis was used to assess contributions of physical activity and calcium intake to BMC, residualized for bone area and body mass. Physical activity explained 11.6% of the variance in residualized BMC at the proximal femur and 14.3% at the femoral neck (p < 0.05). Calcium intake added to the variance explained at the proximal femur only (9.8%, p < 0.05). This study provides evidence for an association between BMC and habitual physical activity.


Copper is the metal of choice for electrical circuits in electronics. It is lower in cost than silver and offers excellent electrical properties like low electrical resistivity and electromigration resistance. Physical vapor deposition and wet-chemical etching or electroforming are the standard processes used to deposit and pattern copper on silicon and in printed-circuit-board technology. Recently, copper inks and pastes have become available for the printing of copper films, with the potential outcome of lowering the production cost beyond that of the established processes. Furthermore, the printing processes are compatible with role-to-role fabrication, and are hence attractive for flexible electronics. In this study, a bi-modal copper paste containing nano- and micro-particles is transferred in a relief printing process by using silicon stamps. It was possible to demonstrate electrical conductive tracks with a linewidth down to 8 μm. The spacing between neighboring tracks is related to their width and can be as low as 10 μm. It was possible to achieve a sheet resistance of less than 8 mΩ sq–1 after formic-acid-assisted sintering at 180 °C. The low sintering temperature enables the direct placement of electronic components without additional soldering and thus saves time and production costs.


Traditionally call centres were based on circuit-switched systems. But with the advancement of communication technologies, call centres have shifted to packet-switched systems. This packet-switched system aids the creation of virtual call centre environments. The current dynamic routing algorithms used for circuit-switched systems do not fully support packet-switched virtual call centre environments. We addressed this issue in this paper by developing a new call routing algorithm capable of supporting this type of virtual environments. This was done by performing a comparison study on our hybrid routing algorithm, Enhanced Bandwidth-Delay Based Routing Algorithm. Our hybrid routing algorithm was compared with a commonly used call routing algorithm known as Minimum Expected Delay. We used both analytical and simulation methods to achieve our goal of comparison study. Call centre data collected from a real-call centre was utilised to aid our model development, validation and scenario generation. The results from this study concluded that under high traffic arrival rates, systems running EBDRA outperforms MED by possessing a lower probability of delay.


We study the error probability of LDPC codes in delay-limited block-fading channels with channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter and the receiver. We derive the optimal power allocation algorithms for LDPC codes with specific degree distributions using multi-edge-type density evolution error boundaries. The resulting performance approaches the outage probability for a number of power constraints. Furthermore, we adapt the algorithm for finite-length codes and show that the proposed algorithm enables gains larger than 10 dB over uniform power allocation. The method is valid for general, possibly correlated, fading distributions. This represents the first analysis of specific LDPC codes over block-fading channels with full CSI.


The past few decades have seen an increased emphasis on the involvement of the mitochondrial-associated membrane (MAM) in various neurodegenerative diseases, particularly in Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). In PD, alterations in mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and MAM functions affect the secretion and metabolism of proteins, causing an imbalance in calcium homeostasis and oxidative stress. These changes lead to alterations in the translocation of the MAM components, such as IP3R, VDAC, and MFN1 and 2, and consequently disrupt calcium homeostasis and cause misfolded proteins with impaired autophagy, distorted mitochondrial dynamics, and cell death. Various reports indicate the detrimental involvement of the brain renin–angiotensin system (RAS) in oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis in various neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we attempted to update the reports (using various search engines, such as PubMed, SCOPUS, Elsevier, and Springer Nature) demonstrating the pathogenic interactions between the various proteins present in mitochondria, ER, and MAM with respect to Parkinson's disease. We also made an attempt to speculate the possible involvement of RAS and its components, i.e., AT1 and AT2 receptors, angiotensinogen, in this crosstalk and PD pathology. The review also collates and provides updated information on the role of MAM in calcium signaling, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis in PD.


Hierarchical feedforward processing makes object identity explicit at the highest stages of the ventral visual stream. We leveraged this computational goal to study the fine-scale temporal dynamics of neural populations in posterior and anterior inferior temporal cortex (pIT, aIT) during face detection. As expected, we found that a neural spiking preference for natural over distorted face images was rapidly produced, first in pIT and then in aIT. Strikingly, in the next 30 milliseconds of processing, this pattern of selectivity in pIT completely reversed, while selectivity in aIT remained unchanged. Although these dynamics were difficult to explain from a pure feedforward perspective, a model class computing errors through feedback closely matched the observed neural dynamics and parsimoniously explained a range of seemingly disparate IT neural response phenomena. This new perspective augments the standard model of online vision by suggesting that neural signals of states (e.g. likelihood of a face being present) are intermixed with the error signals found in deep hierarchical networks.


Colorectal cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death in the Western World. Although staging and prognosis is presently based on pathological assessment of primary tumour invasion and the presence of lymph node and distant metastases, it is increasingly recognised that other factors pertaining to both the tumour and host may similarly affect outcome. The local and systemic environment, encompassing host inflammatory responses and the tumour microenvironment, are examples of such. However, how such measures may compliment present TNM-based staging are not clear. Furthermore, tumour and host factors, both modifiable and non-modifiable, which may determine the local and systemic environment, remain to be fully determined.

The present thesis examined the clinical and prognostic utility of assessment of the local and systemic environment, and potential tumour and host factors which may determine these responses. The following conclusions were drawn:

Examining patients from the United Kingdom and Japan, Chapter 2 and 3 concluded that assessment of the systemic inflammatory response, utilising the modified Glasgow Prognostic Score, provides further prognostic stratification in addition to TNM stage. Although the proportion of patients exhibiting an elevated systemic inflammatory response differed between populations, the prognostic value was comparable.

Chapter 4 validated assessment of the tumour stroma percentage as a prognostic factor independent of TNM stage and the local inflammatory cell infiltrate (cancer-specific survival HR 1.84, 95% CI 1.17-2.92, P=0.009). Chapter 7 further confirmed the prognostic value of a combined tumour microenvironment score, based on assessment of the generalised inflammatory cell infiltrate and tumour stroma percentage, in patients with primary operable colorectal cancer. This score, termed the Glasgow Microenvironment Score, was able to stratify patients into a good prognostic group, with five-year survival of 89%, an intermediate group with a two-fold increased risk of death and five-year survival of 75%, and a poor prognostic group, with a four-fold increased risk of death and five-year survival of 51%.

Chapters 5 and 6 identified the presence of mismatch repair deficiency and activation of the JAK/STAT3 as two potential mechanisms which may determine host local and systemic inflammatory responses. However, the prognostic value of such candidate mechanisms was weak, suggesting that other pathways and tumour characteristics are implicated, and that molecular heterogeneity is likely to play an important role in determining not only the local and systemic environment, but also outcome.

Chapter 9 concluded that the Immunoscore, an immunohistochemistry-based assessment of T-lymphocyte density within the tumour microenvironment, held greater prognostic value than assessment of the generalised inflammatory cell infiltrate using the Klintrup-Makinen grade. However, assessment of tumour stroma percentage provided additional prognostic value irrespective of the methodology employed to examine the local inflammatory cell infiltrate. Furthermore, the results of Chapters 7, 8 and 9 together suggested that loss of the local, anti-tumour immune infiltrate was the primary event which allows continued tumour growth, development of a tumour-supportive microenvironment and propagation of a systemic inflammatory response.

Chapter 10 concluded that pre-diagnosis use of aspirin but not statins was associated with a lower modified Glasgow Prognostic Score, despite strong associations with comorbidity and BMI. This did not translate into an improvement in survival, potentially reflecting the underlying indication for use of these drugs primarily as cardiovascular secondary prevention medications.

Finally, Chapter 11 examined the clinical utility of assessment of the tumour microenvironment using colonoscopic biopsy specimens, concluding that the use of biopsy-derived specimens was feasible. Furthermore, in addition to identifying patients who may benefit from therapies targeting the tumour microenvironment, assessment of a biopsy-derived Glasgow Microenvironment Score had comparable prognostic value to full section assessment of the tumour microenvironment.


The distribution of 50 freshwater marl accumulation sites is compared with terrain attributes. All marl sites are underlain by clay and surrounded by terrain that is dominated by glacial till. Sites grouped in a western marl area appear to have been derived from thick calcareous till, but those in an eastern area are surrounded by thin till on highly jointed and fractured limestone bedrock. Many bottomland marls are in riverine locations, i.e., in the basins of the Collins and Millhaven Creeks and of the Salmon and Moira Rivers. About three quarters of the marl sites contain mantling peat.Sixteen radiocarbon datings disclose that marl formation began and ceased as early as 11 180 and 9330 years BP, respectively. Subsequent termination of marl formation transgressed time into the present: most upland sites stopped marl production prior to 8000 years BP and those that persisted dropped out between 6000 and 4000 years BP. Many bottomland marl sites changed into peat-forming sites between 4000 and 2000 years ...


In this work we present the implementation of a wave forecast/hindcast system for the Mediterranean Sea at a 1/10o horizontal resolution and we show a first assessment of its performance by inter-comparing model results to observational data time series at selected points for the period 2000-2001. The system which is part of the POSEIDON-II operational system includes the WAM – Cycle4 and the WAVEWATCH-III wave forecast models (implemented within the same region) one way coupled with the non-hydrostatic version of the ETA atmospheric model which provides at 3-hour intervals the necessary wind velocity fields to the wave models. The same system but based on the WAM-Cycle4 wave model, has been used in the past for the production of the Aegean Sea wind and wave Atlas. Overall, the inter-comparison shows that both wave models are rather skilful in predicting the integral wave parameters with significant wave height skill scores in the range 0.85-0.90 and mean period scores in the range 0.77-0.83. It is also evident that WAM model has a tendency to overestimate mean wave periods while the opposite is true for WAVEWATCH-III model. Differences between the two models simulated spectra exist along the main passage of cyclonic systems over the Mediterranean Sea while in the wind seas dominated areas of the basin (the Aegean Sea for example) the two models show almost the same behavior.


To evaluate the importance of dialysis in the determination of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1), we studied blood glucose and HbA1 in 38 insulin-dependent diabetic children during a morning fast and again 6 h postprandially. We used two methods to determine glycosylated hemoglobin: (1) the conventional macrocolumn method of Trivelli, which uses dialyzed hemolysate and (2) a commercially available microcolumn procedure, Isolab's Fast Hemoglobin Test System, which uses undialyzed blood samples. When the 6-h changes were assessed, the mean blood glucose had increased from 11.6 to 16.3 mmol/L (P < 0.001). HbA1 determined by the microcolumn procedure simultaneously increased from 12.6% to 13.4% (P < 0.001), and the increment in HbA1 correlated significantly with the increment in blood glucose (r = 0.62, P < 0.001). HbAx determined by the macrocolumn method increased slightly from 13.1% to 13.4% (P < 0.01), and no correlation was present between the increment in blood glucose and HbA1 (r = –0.02, NS). When the microcolumn procedure was modified by employing dialyzed hemolysate, this method became unaffected by acute blood glucose variations. Therefore, dialysis in sample preparation appears to be important in minimizing the effect of acute changes in blood glucose on the level of glycohemoglobin. Methods in which dialyzed hemolysates are used may be more useful as an index of long-term glucose control.


During acute myocardial infarction (MI), aspirin, β-adrenergic antagonists and oral angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors should be used as an adjunct to reperfusion therapy. Medications upon discharge from the hospital should include aspirin and a β-blocker. An ACE inhibitor should also be prescribed unless the ejection fraction is >> 45%. Particular indications for an ACE inhibitor are an anterior MI, congestive heart failure, ejection fraction << 45% and mitral regurgitation. β-blockers, when given to patients treated with ACE inhibitors, appear to produce an additional benefit compared with an ACE inhibitor alone. Based on the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S), Cholesterol and Recurrent Events (CARE) and Long-Term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischemic Disease (LIPID) trials, a statin should also be given to subjects with low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels above 125 mg/dl, independent of total cholesterol levels. Therapy should be administered in an attempt to reduce the LDL-cholesterol level to 90 - 100 mg/dl (2.3 - 2.6 mM/l). In patients with normal or low levels on initial evaluation, screening for lipid abnormalities should be deferred for 2 months since acute phase responses and passive hepatic congestion can cause spuriously normal levels. Calcium channel blockers, nitrates, lidocaine, anti-arrhythmic drugs and iv. magnesium should not be administered routinely after acute MI and their use should be restricted to selected settings.


Media literacy has become a center of gravity for countering fake news, and a diverse array of stakeholders – from educators to legislators, philanthropists to technologists – have pushed significant resources toward media literacy programs. Media literacy, however, cannot be treated as a panacea. This paper provides a foundation for evaluating media literacy efforts and contextualizing them relative to the current media landscape. Media literacy is traditionally conceived as a process or set of skills based on critical thinking. It has a long history of development aligned along the dialectic between protection and participation. Contemporary media literacy tends to organize around five themes: youth participation, teacher training and curricular resources, parental support, policy initiatives, and evidence base construction. Programs like these have demonstrated positive outcomes, particularly in the case of rapid responses to breaking news events, connecting critical thinking with behavior change, and evaluating partisan content.However, media literacy programs also have their challenges. In general, there is a lack of comprehensive evaluation data of media literacy efforts. Some research shows that media literacy efforts can have little-to-no impact for certain materials, or even produce harmful conditions of overconfidence. The longitudinal nature of both assessing and updating media literacy programs makes this a perennial struggle. Because of these challenges, we make recommendations for future work in the field.


ABSTRACT Ageing is associated with deficits in cognitive control, including attention and working memory processes. However, how ageing influences the interactions between these cognitive systems is not well understood. The present study compared the oculomotor behaviour and search performance of two different age groups in a well-established memory-guided visual selection paradigm. The results show that ageing can lead to impairments in the way memory representations bias the control of attention, which notably dissociate in the early stages of oculomotor orientation in search and the later process of attentional disengagement from memory distracters. The implications of these findings for theories of cognitive ageing are discussed.


In daily life, we frequently execute reaching movements, for example to be able to grasp our mobile phone. The processing of movement direction is fundamental to efficiently reach the target object. Many neurophysiological studies reported neuronal populations selective for movement direction in many regions of the monkey brain.
In my thesis, I investigated which areas in the human brain show directional selectivity. Moreover, I measured to what extent directional selective regions are sensitive to changes in other movement parameters, like the type of motor act and movement amplitude. In three functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiments, participants were adapted to execute reaching movements in the adaptation direction. Occasionally, test trials were presented. Test trials differed from adaptation trials in movement direction only, or in movement direction as well as in another movement parameter (Experiment 1 and 2: type of motor act; Experiment 3: movement amplitude). By comparing the fMRI signal in conditions where only movement direction was manipulated with conditions where also other movement parameters changed, we were able to measure sensitivity of directionally tuned neuronal populations to these additional movement parameters.
Multiple regions in the human visuomotor system showed selectivity for movement direction. This selectivity was modulated by the type of motor act to varying degrees, with the largest effect in M1 and the smallest modulation in the parietal reach region. Moreover, directional selectivity was clearly sensitive also to changes in movement amplitude. These results extend the current knowledge on the representation of actions from monkey physiology to the human brain and furthermore may have important practical implications for restoring lost motor functions in tetraplagic patients.


: Background: Nowadays, quality of life (QoL) is an important indicator of treatment outcome and it's evaluation in schizophrenic patients will be vital. So, this study is conducted to compare QoL in schizophrenic patients and healthy people in Rasht, Guilan. Materials and Method: This study is a cross-sectional descriptive survey that was done on 52 patients with schizophrenia referred to Shafa hospital with convenience sampling method and 153 healthy people of Rasht by cluster method. Data collection instrument was a 3 part questionnaire consisting demographic-social questionnaire, WHO QoL questionnaire, and mental status assessment form. Data gathered by interview and analyzed with SPSS software using descriptive and inferential statistics (χ2, ANOVA, independent-t test). Results: Our finding indicated that patients and healthy individuals QoL had overall statistically significant difference (p<0.0001), and it's general (p<0.006), physical (p<0.0001), psychiatric (p<0.001), and social relationship (p<0.015). Conclusion: According result, schizophrenic clients compare with healthy people had lower QoL level that need special attention to improve treatment and their post-discharge care with focus on social relationship in this group of patients. [ZJRMS, 2012 14(1): 61-66]


Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) mediates a number of processes that are pivotal for synaptogenesis and remodeling of synapses, including proteolysis of the brain extracellular matrix, degradation of adhesion molecules, activation of neurotrophins, and activation of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor. Abnormalities in these processes have been consistently described in psychotic disorders. In this paper, we review the physiological roles of tPA, focusing on conditions characterized by low tPA activity, which are prevalent in schizophrenia. We then describe how tPA activity is influenced by lifestyle interventions and nutritional supplements that may ameliorate psychotic symptoms. Next, we analyze the role of tPA in the mechanism of action of hormones and medications effective in mitigating psychotic symptoms, such as pregnenolone, estrogen, oxytocin, dopamine D3 receptor antagonists, retinoic acid, valproic acid, cannabidiol, sodium nitroprusside, N-acetyl cysteine, and warfarin. We also review evidence that tPA participates in the mechanism by which electroconvulsive therapy and cigarette smoking may reduce psychotic symptoms.


Light on the Path: The Anthropology and History of the Southeastern Indians. THOMAS J. PLUCKHAHN and ROBBIE ETHRIDGE (eds.). University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa, 2006. xi + 283 pp., biblio., illus., index. $34.95 (paper), ISBN 0-8173-5287-2. Reviewed by Ramie A. Gougeon Light on the Path, edited by Tom Pluckhahn and Robbie Ethridge, is an assemblage of papers written in honor of Charles Hudson by some of his students and colleagues, providing an overview of the insights to be gained through interactions between the archaeological and historical communities. This collection of ten papers is an assortment of largely ethnohistorical/historical and archaeological research on Southeastern Indians of the protohistoric and early historic periods. Pluckhahn, Ethridge, Jerald Milanich, and Marvin Smith penned an excellent introduction, charting the intellectual course of Hudson's long career. The introduction also serves to introduce the uninitiated to the Annales school of history. The approach championed by followers of this paradigm shift in historical research is well summarized here, and is a thread common to the papers in the volume. David Hally's chapter outlines what the social and political landscape of the late prehistoric Southeast looked like at the point of European contact. This is more than just a summary of archaeological thought; it is a snapshot of a continuing program of research by an outstanding scholar in the field. Hally describes his current understanding of several broad topics, including the nature of middle-range polities, warfare, chiefdom decline, settlement patterning, and population control. The influence of the ecological anthropology program at the University of Georgia becomes apparent in his exploration of "hierarchical patch dynamics," but this smacks more of finding a name for ideas he and other Southeastern archaeologists have been developing for decades. I, for one, prefer his alternative name for his approach and his findings: regional system perspective. Mark Williams and Scott Jones offer a brief exposition regarding a "commensal relationship between humans and beavers." While the idea is perhaps easily dismissed on the surface, Williams and Jones offer some compelling archaeological and historical evidence to explain why the Oconee Valley of the central Georgia Piedmont had such a diffuse settlement pattern at European contact and why flintknapping apparently ceased two centuries before this time. They argue that beavers, as a keystone species, created landscapes and resource sinks that became part of Mississippian ecological adaptations. It will be interesting to see if Southeastern archaeologists further explore their ideas about cultural adaptation to what were widespread and common features of the North American landscape. In a change from perhaps more obvious explorations of changes between the late prehistoric and early historic periods, Adam King considers continuities in societal and economic elements between Late Mississippian populations of the southern Appalachian region and early Creek Indian towns. King relies on a dualprocessual theory first developed for pre-state level societies in Mesoamerica, which while perhaps abused and reified in the Southwest, may yet have value in the Southeast if applied judiciously. Stephen Kowalewski presents an ethnographic exploration of the concept of "coalescent societies" as a means of determining the range of methods of reorganizing social and political organizations in the aftermath of population collapse and in the face of external pressure. By showing that coalescent societies have appeared at different times and places globally, he emphasizes the idea the this is not a "societal type" to be reified and turned into a label, much as "chiefdom" has in the literature of Southeastern archaeology. Kowalewski lists commonly occurring responses involved in coalescence, all or nearly all of which should have archaeological signatures, that is to say, material correlates that can be examined through archaeological research. …


The increasing rate of urbanization and continuous developments are the main factor which led to heavy metals contamination into the environment especially in the water bodies. However, the contamination of heavy metal can be treated using adsorption process using activated carbon. Thus, this study was based on using powdered activated carbon, which prepared from foxtail palm fruit and chemically activated using potassium hydroxide and phosphoric acid. The main parameters such as effect of chemical activating agent, effect of initial concentration of heavy metal and effect of sorbent dosage that influenced the sorption process were studied. From the result, activated carbon that was chemically activated by phosphoric acid shown the best removal compared to activated carbon that was chemically activated by potassium hydroxide. The percentage removal of Pb(II), Fe(II) and Zn(II) were 95.8%, 99.9% and 22.8% respectively using 0.5 g of activate carbon. The result indicates that the adsorption process using activated carbon that produced from plant can be applied for heavy metal removal from aqueous solution.


The accuracy and robustness of prediction models are very important to the successful commercial application of visible to near-infrared spectroscopy (VisNIRS) on fruit. The difference in physiological characteristics of fruit is very wide, which necessitates variance in the type of spectrometers applied to collect spectral data, pre-processing of the collected data and chemometric techniques used to develop robust models. Relevant practices of data collection, processing and the development of models are a challenge because of the required knowledge of fruit physiology in addition to the Vis-NIRS expertise of a researcher. This chapter deals with the application of Vis-NIRS on fruit by discussing commonly used spectrometers, data chemometric treatment and common models developed for assessing quality of specific types of fruit. The chapter intends to create an overview of commonly used techniques for guiding general users of these techniques. Current status, gaps and future perspectives of the application of Vis-NIRS on fruit are also discussed for challenging researchers who are experts in this research field.


To apply the concept of biorefinery to the process of nanocellulose production from sugarcane bagasse, this work aims to extract the hemicellulosic fraction of the bagasse as xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) with prebiotic properties, a high-value product. With the aid of an experimental statistical design, process conditions for the selective solubilization of hemicellulose as XOS was studied by assessing the effect of temperature, time and acid concentration. The best condition to produce XOS with high yield and selectivity was 190 ° C for 5.5 minutes and no acid addition. No correlation was found between process conditions and XOS properties like acetylation, and important parameter for XOS as prebiotic. In conclusion, it was possible to tailor the hemicellulose extraction step in the sugarcane bagasse-to-nanocellulose process to selectively produce high levels of XOS.


One of constraints in suspended sediment sampling in a field study is the difficulty to obtain sample data for the whole width of the river for the harsh condition of field. This sometime results in sampling implementation only at the edge of the canal. When such data were used to predict sediment (suspended) discharge they would lead to erroneous outcomes. Measurement in the laboratory channel as according to measurement procedure in field, what done at vertical direction and transversal (wide direction). The research sediment-recirculating flume, foslim probe set as a means of measure the concentration and electromagnetic currentmeter to measure the velocity of as much 75 series of stream measurement with transportation of bed load have been obtained in this research. The v elocity distribution profile gets fuller with a maximum velocity increasingly more distant from the water surface, whereas distribution of concentration of sediment suspensi progressively uniform. Assess the U * progressively come near the wall more and more to descend,.Difference result of calculation between measurement data to equation of Rouse and equation of Tanaka and Sugimoto, giving ever greater deviation for the data of which progressively the data in edge of the channel. The equation still applicable to entire data by applying corrective konstanta assess .


A 5-year old Arabian mare fell during recovery from general anesthesia after an exploratory laparotomy. This fall resulted in dehiscence of the abdominal closure, and a substantial amount of intestines were exteriorized. Chemical and manual restraints were rapidly used to prevent trauma to the exposed intestines. A second general anesthesia was initiated to clean the intestines and close the incision. Multiple anesthetic problems were encountered, including arterial hypotension and hypoxemia. The horse recovered from the second general anesthesia and surgery, and all complications gradually resolved. The horse was discharged and has not had further problems to date.


Changes in the DJIA from 1929-2019 are examined to evaluate the immediate and long-term market reaction after a component change in the DJIA. Using multiple event study methodologies, there is a clear increase in wealth when a firm is added to the DJIA and a decrease in wealth around the time of deletion from the DJIA. Additions earn positive abnormal returns regardless of estimation window. The choice of estimation window is critical for deletions as we show that this is the reason for the difference in results in the literature. Using a post-estimation window, deletions have a more significant negative wealth effect. Using pre-estimation window, returns are negative post announcement, but not at the announcement. Long term, firms added to the DJIA have positive abnormal returns in the second year after inclusion. Deletions from the DJIA after the Great Depression have negative returns three years after removal thus implying a potential investment opportunity upon DJIA changes. <br>


Sir StClair Thiomson will readthe clhapter in my book upon the results obtained in laryngeal tuberculosis by tuberculin treatment, he must admit that treatment of the cases which I have recorded wotld never have been attempted in a sanatorium. Sir StClair Thomson claims but a temporary stuecess in 20 per cent. of these specially selected cases. Whlat would the percentage be if there lhad been no selection ? I say deliberately a temporary arrest, because-and this is the weakest point of all in his compilation-none of the cases have been watched, even for tlhree years after treatment, and no doubt many of them lhave hardly been watclled for more than a year. Still, we may thank Sir StClair Thomson for drawing attention to the importance of laryngeal tuberculosis as a complication of pulmonary tuberculosis. If he will but fill up the gaps from tlle records of Midhurst, especially with regard to the character of the lesions in his compiled cases, we shall be in a better position to measure the value of his labours, and if lhe will but keep these cases under observation for another two or three years, the value of bis work will be enormously enhanced. On the other hand, if Sir StClair Thomson's figures are right, tuberculin is a marvellous remedy for arrestina and preventing the development of laryngeal tuberculosis, because, during a period of fifteen years, I saw but one instance in which laryngeal tuberculosis developed durinig tuberculin treatment, and in that case the tuberculous ulcer healed completely before the end of treatment; and in a period of more than twenty years I have only hlad in all, four instances in -which larynaeal tuberculosis developed after treatment with tuberculin lhad begun. During this period I have treated several lhundred cases No such record has been claimed in laryngeal tuberculosis. -I am, etc., W. CAMAC WILKINSON, M.D.Loud., F.R.C.P. London, W.. April 14th.


Gimap4, a member of the newly identified GTPase of the immunity-associated protein family (Gimap), is strongly induced by the pre-T-cell receptor in precursor T lymphocytes, transiently shut off in double-positive thymocytes, and reappears after TCR-mediated positive selection. Here, we show that Gimap4 remains expressed constitutively in the cytosol of mature T cells. A C-terminal IQ domain binds calmodulin in the absence of calcium, and conserved PKC phosphorylation motifs are targets of concanavalin A (ConA)- or PMA/ionomycin-induced PKC activation. To address the role of Gimap4 in T-cell physiology, we completed the genomic organization of the gimap4 locus and generated a Gimap4-null mutant mouse. Studies in these mice revealed no critical role of Gimap4 in T-cell development but in the regulation of apoptosis. We have found that Gimap4 accelerates the execution of programmed cell death induced by intrinsic stimuli downstream of caspase-3 activation and phosphatidyl-serine exposure. Apoptosis directly correlates with the phosphorylation status of Gimap4.


This paper examines the advantages and drawbacks of alternative methods of estimating oil supply and oil demand elasticities and of incorporating this information into structural VAR models. I not only summarize the state of the literature, but also draw attention to a number of econometric problems that have been overlooked in this literature. Once these problems are recognized, seemingly conflicting conclusions in the recent literature can be resolved. My analysis reaffirms the conclusion that the one-month oil supply elasticity is close to zero, which implies that oil demand shocks are the dominant driver of the real price of oil. The focus of this paper is not only on correcting some misunderstandings in the recent literature, but on the substantive and methodological insights generated by this exchange, which are of broader interest to applied researchers.


The arduous conditions to which hot section turbine components are subjected in service, dictate the superior physical and mechanical properties demanded of them. The demand for both high temperature and creep resistance, and anisotropic property requirements of the components has lead to developments in alloy composition, component geometry and single, oriented grain structure design. The slim tolerances and high quality standards imposed on such design features, combined with the high production volume in industry means that component non-conformances to the customer specifications occur. The input variables contributing to crystallography non-conformance in single crystal production have been investigated with a view to defining optimum process parameters for the successful manufacture of single crystal investment cast components on an industrial scale.


A claimed composition comprises a peptide of formula (I), given in one letter amino acid code, and an appetite-suppressing or satiety-inducing agent, preferably administered with glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1. X1HX2DGSFSDEMNTX3LDX4LAX5X6DFINWLX7X8TKITDX9 (I) X1 = absent, DFPEEVAIVEELGRR, DFPEEVTIVEELGRR, or a fragment of these; X2 = A or G; X3 = I or V; X4 = N, S or H; X5 = A or T; X6 = R or K; X7 = I or L; X8 = Q or H; X9 = absent, K, R, RK, KR, RR or KK. Also claimed is the use of a composition comprising a peptide of formula (I) for: (a) appetite suppression or satiety induction; and (b) prophylaxis and treatment of obesity or type II diabetes.


Abstract Many farmers use manure as an alternative to inorganic fertilizer. Previous research has shown that manure can decrease plant susceptibility to herbivores, but the mechanisms remain unclear. To determine how manure affects herbivore performance in a greenhouse setting, we fertilized corn with stacked cow manure or an equivalent amount of NPK fertilizer and measured caterpillar development, plant nutritional content, and defenses. After 4 wk of growth, we allowed fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) or black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon) caterpillars to feed on these plants for 6 d. Compared to inorganic fertilizer, manure reduced mass-gain of black cutworm caterpillars and smaller fall armyworms. We paired this greenhouse experiment with a 3-yr field experiment, which incorporated a wheat cover-crop treatment crossed with the two fertilizer treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial design. We measured plant damage early in the season from naturally occurring herbivores and measured neonate fall armyworm performance on field-collected leaf tissue. In 2017, corn in manure-fertilized plots sustained more herbivore damage, primarily driven by a higher incidence of slug damage. Fall armyworm performance, however, was lower on leaves collected from manure-fertilized plants. In contrast to previous studies, we did not find increased micronutrients or enhanced defenses in manure treated plants. While manure can offer resistance to some herbivores, our results suggest that this resistance can be overshadowed by habitat conditions.


. The study of "Geser" in China began in the late fifties of the last century and entered the development stage in the late eighties . In the new century, research on the origin of the Mongolian "Geser", the translation of the Mongolian "Geser", the Mongolian version of the "Geser" and the traditional protection of the Mongolian "Geser" was carried out. The content and art of the Mongolian "Geser" also has been intensively discussed. This article aim to systematically introduce the situation of Mongolian Geser research in China in the new century.


Moesin is an intracellular protein that links the cell membrane and cytoskeleton, while also mediating the formation of microtubules and cell adhesion sites as well as ruffling of the cell membrane. To determine the roles of anti-moesin Abs derived from the serum of patients with aplastic anemia (AA) in the pathophysiology of bone marrow failure, we studied the expression of moesin on various blood cells and the effects of anti-moesin Abs on the moesin-expressing cells. The proteins recognized by anti-moesin mAbs were detectable on the surface of T cells, NK cells, and monocytes from healthy individuals as well as on THP-1 cells. The peptide mass fingerprinting of the THP-1 cell surface protein and the knock-down experiments using short hairpin RNA proved that the protein is moesin itself. Both the anti-moesin mAbs and the anti-moesin polyclonal Abs purified from the AA patients' sera stimulated THP-1 cells and the PBMCs of healthy individuals and AA patients to secrete 60-80% as much TNF-alpha as did LPS 100 ng/ml. Although the polyclonal Abs induced IFN-gamma secretion from the PBMCs of healthy individuals only when the PBMCs were prestimulated by anti-CD3 mAbs, the anti-moesin Abs were capable of inducing IFN-gamma secretion from the PBMCs of AA patients by themselves. Anti-moesin Abs may therefore indirectly contribute to the suppression of hematopoiesis in AA patients by inducing myelosuppressive cytokines from immunocompetent cells.


Nowadays, the importance of energy management and optimization by means of smart devices has arisen as an important issue. On the other hand, the intelligent application of smart devices stands as a key element in establishing smart cities, which have been suggested as the solution to complicated future urbanization difficulties in coming years. Considering the scarcity of traditional fossil fuels in the near future, besides their ecological problems the new smart grids have demonstrated the potential to merge the non-renewable and renewable energy resources into each other leading to the reduction of environmental problems and optimizing operating costs. The current paper clarifies the importance of smart grids in launching smart cities by reviewing the advancement of micro/nano grids, applications of renewable energies, energy-storage technologies, smart water grids in smart cities. Additionally a review of the major European smart city projects has been carried out. These will offer a wider vision for researchers in the operation, monitoring, control and audit of smart-grid systems.


Epidemiological studies usually show a link between personality disorders and addictions. Dimensional models of personality, such as that of Cloninger, are able to diagnose and discriminate between transient dysfunctional behavior styles and relatively more stable traits. Certain brain areas have been proposed, as trait locations, based on their activation. This paper explores differences in personality traits among a sample of alcohol abusers (N= 95) and a control group of non-clinical population (N= 95), matched in sociodemographic variables, using the TCI-R-67 and the FrSBe-Sp. It is hypothesized that such differences are associated with frontal symptomatology. The existence of different subgroups of addicts based on certain combinations of traits is also analyzed. Results showed significant differences in two temperament traits (Novelty Seeking and Harm Avoidance) and a characterial trait (Self-Direction). We also found a correlation with a large effect size between these traits and frontal symptomatology. Cluster analysis classified the participants into several subtypes with different combinations of traits that matched diverse frontal symptomatology. Possible neurobiological explanations of these differences and their importance in the clinical practice are discussed.


Founded with principles of equity, freedom and access, public libraries have always served as a cornerstone of democratic values and civic participation. In the context of 21st century transformational forces of globalization and digitization, libraries are also evolving their role from repositories of information and learning, to critical contributors of a culture of care in their communities. In this paper, we present insights from an ongoing collaboration with the Brooklyn Public Library that focused on the library's current re-entry services directed to formerly incarcerated patrons and their families. Drawing from participatory design and visual ethnographic approaches to inquiry, this study contributes to our understanding of the relational dimensions of design and its role as a reflexive and caring practice.


The elemental defence hypothesis was first put forward by Boyd and Martens in 1992. It suggested that plants concentrate high levels of heavy metals into their biomass to act as a defence against herbivory. This thesis focused on testing this theory using zinc (Zn) as the accumulated element. Several plant species, including T. caerulescens, are known as hyperaccumulators of Zn and can contain concentrations greater than 10,000 mg kg-1. The research used a novel technique to assess the levels of Zn in this plant species in the field. Other plant species, which contain more than 2000 mg Zn kg-1 but less than hyperaccumulators, are known as accumulators. They have received increased amounts of attention because research has shown that these concentrations can still have a negative impact on herbivores (Coleman et al., 2005). One of these accumulators, B. juncea, is a fast growing species, well suited to test the defensive qualities of Zn against herbivores and so was the focus of the rest of the thesis. B. juncea was tested to see if the uptake of Zn was inducible by assessing if there was an increased uptake of Zn after plants were subjected to attack by the herbivore H. aspersa. Previous research (Hodge et al, 2000) has shown that many plants are capable of increasing their concentration of defence compounds following herbivore attack. However, damage did not increase Zn uptake in B. juncea, so this elemental defence does not appear to be inducible. The preference and performance of herbivores (juvenile and adult H. aspersa and larvae of P. brassicae) on leaves of B. juncea containing high and low concentrations of Zn was tested. It found that the growth rate of both juvenile snails and larvae of P. brassicae was reduced by a diet of leaves high in Zn concentration and both species selected leaves low in Zn in preference tests, suggesting that Zn is an effective defence. In the final experimental chapter, the thesis evaluates the defensive properties of Zn in B. juncea plants grown in the field. In contrast to the earlier experiments, this field experiment found that plants containing elevated concentrations of Zn were significantly more damaged than those that had been grown on a control treatment, a result which goes against the elemental defence hypothesis. The thesis concludes by suggesting that although increased concentrations of Zn may have an impact on the growth and behaviour of herbivores in the laboratory, these effects do not necessarily occur under field conditions.


Despite of good theoretic foundations and high classification accuracy of support vector machines (SVM), normal SVM is not suitable for classification of large data sets, because the training complexity of SVM is very high. This paper presents a novel SVM classification approach for large data sets by considering models of classes distribution (MCD). A first stage uses SVM classification in order to gets a sketch of classes distribution. Then the algorithm obtain the support vectors (SVs) most close between each class and construct a ball using minimum enclosing ball from each pair of SVs with different label. The data points included in the balls constitute the MCD, which is the framework in the boundary of each class and represents the most important data points, these data points are used as training data for a posterior SVM classification. Experimental results show that our approach has good classification accuracy while the training is significantly faster than other SVM classifiers.


It is known that an often used implementation method for regular expressions that uses a combination of counters and nondeterministic finite automatons is incorrect for certain regular expressions. Determining which expressions can be correctly implemented with this method has proven nontrivial and has previously been done without proof. Presented is the first automatic method to prove the correctness of the implementation method for specific expressions and to detect which expressions should be implemented differently. The use (in previous work) of this implementation method in network intrusion detection systems without proof of correctness for every regular expression constitutes a security risk to the network it is supposed to protect. Presented is a solution for this issue.


OBJECTIVE
Acute appendicitis (AA) is one of the most common causes of a surgical abdomen worldwide, occurring most frequently in those age 10 to 29 years. Adenovirus (ADV) is a rare but reported cause of AA in children and a well-recognized cause of intussusception in infants and young children. Annually, about 36,000 basic military trainees (BMTs) undergo initial training at Joint Base San Antonio Lackland, Texas. Before reintroduction of the ADV 4/7 vaccine in November 2011, one-third of BMTs developed an adenoviral upper respiratory tract infection (URI) during the 8.5 weeks of training. We hypothesized that ADV may be a common cause of AA in the BMT population given their young age and high incidence of adenoviral URIs. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency with which ADV, cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and enterovirus were associated with AA in a population of young adults.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
This study was a retrospective review of patient charts and existing pathological tissue specimens of all BMTs who underwent appendectomy at the Wilford Hall Medical Center from January 1, 2003, to August 31, 2011. Pathological tissue samples from 112 BMTs were assayed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for viral targets.

RESULTS
ADV DNA was detected in 16 of 112 samples (14%) via qPCR: ADV 4 in 13 cases, ADV B14 in 1 case, and nontypable ADV in 2 cases. IHC was positive in only the ADV B14 case (0.9%). All cases were negative for CMV, EBV, and enterovirus.

CONCLUSION
By using qPCR, this study demonstrated an association between ADV and AA higher than has been previously reported: ADV was detected in 14% of AA cases in this series versus in only 0.23% of AA cases in previous studies (p < 0.01). There was no evidence of CMV, EBV, or enterovirus association with AA in this study. Comparison of qPCR to IHC shows that histologic analysis may overlook evidence of ADV in appendiceal tissue: qPCR is significantly more sensitive than light microscopy and IHC for detecting ADV in this setting. Because ADV 4 was detected in 81% of those with positive qPCR, the recently licensed live oral ADV vaccine might be useful for primary prevention against AA. Prospective studies evaluating young adults presenting with AA for evidence of infection with ADV are needed to determine if a causal relationship exists.


One of the interesting technologies today that can be developed on a smart phone is Augmented Reality (AR). AR is capable of supplying information that is easy to understand by the users. The benefit above can be used to make a learning application to support a learning process. One lesson that can make use of this technology is chemistry, specifically about chemical reactions. On this research, a chemical reaction learning application that utilizes library vuforia and Unity by using C# programming language will be made. Along with the 3D object creation is made by an application called Blender. The test result shows that applications that are made by using library vuforia and Unity can run well. High school students are able to picture the chemical reactions by using this application.


From the Publisher:
25 proven patterns for improving data access and application performance
Efficient, high-quality data access code is crucial to the performance and usability of virtually any enterprise application--and there's no better way to improve an existing system than to optimize its data access code. Regardless of database engine, platform, language, orapplication, developers repeatedly encounter the same relational database access challenges. In Data Access Patterns, Clifton Nock identifies 25 proven solutions, presenting each one in the form of a clear, easy-to-use pattern.

These patterns solve an exceptionally wide range of problems including creating efficient database-independent applications, hiding obscure database semantics from users, speeding database resource initialization, simplifying development and maintenance, improving support for concurrency and transactions, and eliminating data access bottlenecks.

Every pattern is illustrated with fully commented Java/JDBC code examples, as well as UML diagrams representing interfaces, classes, and relationships. The patterns are organized into five categories:

Decoupling Patterns: Build cleaner, more reliable systems by decoupling data access code from other application logic
Resource Patterns: Manage relational database resources more efficiently
Input/Output Patterns: Simplify I/O operations by translating consistently between "physical" relational data and domain object representations of that data
Cache Patterns: Use caching strategically, to optimize the tradeoffs between data access optimization and cache overhead
Concurrency Patterns: Implement concurrencyand transactions more effectively and reliably

Data Access Patterns demystifies techniques that have traditionally been used only in the most robust data access solutions--making those techniques practical for every software developer, architect, and designer.


A good quality of college life (QCL) is about the overall judgment of students about their satisfaction towards the academic aspects, social as well as facilities and services provided by the institutions. This study aims to examine the relationship between the quality of college life and academic as well as social aspects and also facilities and services provided. It also determines the most contributing variables to the quality of college life. This study involved 380 students from four Malaysian polytechnics who enrolled in Diploma of Hotel and Catering. The systematic sampling was used to select the sample based on the students' list as the sampling frame. The study utilized questionnaire as the research instrument. A self-administered questionnaire was adapted from Sirgy, Grzeskowiak and Rahtz (2007). There were 76 items developed to measure the relationship between academic aspects and social aspects as well as facilities and services towards the quality of college life. The respondents were required to answer questionnaires using six points Likert Scale with six point scale from "strongly agree 6" to "strongly disagree 1". In order to examine the relationship between academic aspects, social, facilities and services towards the quality of college life the multiple regressions were performed. Regression models explained that 55.7% of the variance represented by the quality of college life. The other 44.3% represented by other predictor variables. The coefficient results reported that only facilities and services (p= 0.00 < α = 0.05) and social aspects were significant at (p= 0.02 < α = 0.05) level.


A distribution of sizes or particle size distribution (PSD) is an essential property of cement powder. The only standard method to measure the PSD of cement, namely ASTM C115 [ 11 is limited in scope; this standard only describes a method for determining "fineness" with a lower size detection limit of 7.5 pm. As there is no standard procedure covering the whole range of cement PSD, the implementation of different measurement methods varies widely within the industry. A first report [2] was prepared to examine the methods used in the cement industry. The high variability of the data led to the necessity for further research. ASTM committee C01.25.01 sponsored a second round-robin test to measure the PSD of cement. The aim of the current report is to analyze the data generated during that test and to summarize the various approaches available to measure the PSD of cement. The analysis of the data is conducted in two parts. In the first part, an attempt is made to establish a reference distribution using a standard cement powder (SRM 114p), improving the results already obtained from the first round-robin. This is followed by examination of the parameters and methodology used by the participants in order to initiate discussion on developing a standard test method for cement PSD to be submitted for ASTM consideration. The report provides all raw data collected during the round-robin tests, and the results of a statistical analysis of the collected data.


Change detection approaches, such as computing change in spectral indexes through time, are a mature and established science, which is increasingly being applied in operational remote sensing programs. The quality and consistency of the changes detected using these approaches are linked, however, to the processing of the imagery required to address issues related to image radiometry, normalization, and computation of the spectral indexes. These processing steps are typically undertaken independently, providing opportunities for computation errors, increasing disk storage needs, and consuming processing time. In this letter, we present an approach for combining these processing steps to facilitate a more streamlined and computationally efficient approach to change detection using Landsat-5 and -7. The individual elements of the algorithm (raw Landsat-5 or -7, to calibrated Landsat-7, to top-of-atmosphere reflectance, to tasselled cap components) are described, followed by a description and illustration of the protocol to algebraically combine the elements. Rather than producing intermediate outputs, the sequentially integrated data processing protocol operates in memory and produces only the desired outputs. The proposed approach mitigates opportunities for inappropriate scaling between processing steps, the consistency of which is especially important for threshold-based change detection procedures. In addition, savings in both processing time and disk storage are afforded through the combination of processing steps, with processing of the time-1 images reduced from three to two stages and five to two stages for the time-2 images, resulting in savings of 50% and 69% in computing times and disk space requirements, respectively


This review examines Helicobacter pylori as an organism and as the causative agent of peptic ulcers. The review also examined the classification of ulcers, how the bacterium produces the ulcer, some of the virulence factors possessed by the organism, its metabolism and growth requirements. The incidence and prevalence of peptic ulcers were originally believed to have resulted from some factors such as stress, eating spicy food, long term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs), like aspirin and ibuprofen, smoking, and many alike. presently due to the development in the field of research, researchers from different geographical locations have reported a spiralshaped Gram-negative bacterium called Helicobacter pylori to be responsible for the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer. This confirmation has been supported by the strong and effective diagnostic procedures such as urea breath test, stool test, endoscopy, and blood test. Elimination of Helicobacter pylori by treatment with antibiotics in peptic ulcer patients resulted in the healing of the ulcer. Prevention of Helicobacter pylori infections is difficult because the mode of transmission is not well known. Key words: Helicobacter pylori , peptic ulcer, causative agent.


SUMMARY In this review, we collect the fundamental concepts of the use of invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) in children, particularly in acute respiratory failure. MV is a common practice in the ICU and must be understood as a therapeutic intervention to replace the work of breathing while restores the balance between ventilatory demand and the patient's ability to sustain it. It is essential for the clinician to recognize that the goal of mechanical ventilatory support is not to normalize the patient's blood gases but providing a reasonable gas exchange; the benefits are obtained if the safety thresholds are not exceeded. Thus, this strategy has become the only tool available to limit the development of ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI).


Diesel fuelled engines are known to produce excessive NOX emissions compare to gasoline fuelled engines. Among the techniques currently being investigated to suppress the NOX emissions is lean NOX trap (LNT) system. The application of this aftertreatment device requires alternating lean and rich exhaust gas mixture, in order to produce the necessary reducing agents necessary for purging the LNT system. In this study an engine testbed was set up; comprised a 4-cylinder light duty diesel engine, a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) and an LNT system; to investigate the performance of the LNT system under periodic rich combustion. The purging system utilised was in-cylinder enrichment method based on DSPACE system, which controlled the engine management system (EMS) and the main engine operating parameters. This method used open loop control system, to provide different storage/purge cycles for the LNT system. Emissions test at low operating temperature using this enrichment method had shown its capability to produce the required periodic rich exhaust mixture for purging the LNT system. The alternating storage-regeneration events were indicated by the variations in lambda and emissions values.


Thermodynamic principles are often deceptively simple and yet surprisingly powerful. We show how a simple rule, such as the net flow of energy in and out of a moving atom under a nonequilibrium steady state condition, can expose the shortcomings of many popular theories of quantum friction. Our thermodynamic approach provides a conceptual framework in guiding atom-optical experiments, thereby highlighting the importance of fluctuation-dissipation relations and long-time correlations between subsystems. Our results introduce consistency conditions for (numerical) models of nonequilibrium dynamics of open quantum systems.


This paper discusses two closely relative areas, including the borane-mediated radical polymerization mechanism and the formed fluoropolymers used as the dielectrics thin films in high energy density capacitors for energy storage. The system of borane/oxygen control radical initiators are surprisingly effective for initiating polymerization of fluoromonomers, such as vinylidene fluoride (VDF), trifluoroethylene (TrFE), chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE), etc., at ambient temperature. Mechanistic study indicates that the in situ formed alkyl radical (C * ) is responsible for the initiation, and the borinate radical (B-O * ) forms a reversible bond with the propagating radical to prolong the polymerization. The control polymerization is characterized by predictable molecular weight, narrow molecular weight distribution, formation of diblock copolymer and chain end functionalized polymers, and tolerance to many functional groups that usually cause chain transfer reactions in regular free radical polymerization. The other aspect of this paper is to apply this control polymerization to prepare a whole family of PVDF copolymers. By systematically tuning the polymer chain conformation and crystal structure, we have identified the most suitable fluoropolymer for thin film capacitor that exhibits high energy density and low energy loss.


Abstract. Guaiacol (2-methoxyphenol) and its derivatives can be emitted into the atmosphere by thermal degradation (i.e., burning) of wood lignins. Due to its volatility, guaiacol is predominantly distributed atmospherically in the gaseous phase. Recent studies have shown the importance of aqueous-phase reactions in addition to the dominant gas-phase and heterogeneous reactions of guaiacol, in the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in the atmosphere. The main objectives of the present study were to chemically characterize the main products of the aqueous-phase photonitration of guaiacol and examine their possible presence in urban atmospheric aerosols. The aqueous-phase reactions were carried out under simulated sunlight and in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and nitrite. The formed guaiacol reaction products were concentrated by solid-phase extraction and then purified with semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The fractionated individual compounds were isolated as pure solids and further analyzed with liquid-state proton, carbon-13 and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and direct infusion negative ion electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry ((−)ESI-MS/MS). The NMR and product ion (MS2) spectra were used for unambiguous product structure elucidation. The main products of guaiacol photonitration are 4-nitroguaiacol (4NG), 6-nitroguaiacol (6NG), and 4,6-dinitroguaiacol (4,6DNG). Using the isolated compounds as standards, 4NG and 4,6DNG were unambiguously identified in winter PM10 aerosols from the city of Ljubljana (Slovenia) by means of HPLC/(−)ESI-MS/MS. Owing to the strong absorption of ultraviolet and visible light, 4,6DNG could be an important constituent of atmospheric "brown" carbon, especially in regions affected by biomass burning.


In the following we present the idea of a smart sensor distributed platform where users collect pollution measurements by simply placing a small smart device out of their office or home window, a device that interacts with their smartphones. They provide time-geolocalized information that, trough an app, will be made available to the community that will have the chance to control the pollution level and eventually share it on the most popular social networks along with the related user's opinions and feedbacks. The big data coming from sensors and social networks will be analysed, in combination with local setting area data, in order to have a thorough view of the place the people live in and enhance our environmental conscience. The design of such a project, named Esopo, implies and requires technologies capable of providing data privacy, as it deals also with storing sensitive data, and efficiency, being the corresponding output prone to becoming unusable if not produced in real-time.


In this study, the impact of amino acid modifications on the accuracy of the iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation) method was evaluated. MCF-7 breast cancer cells, cultured in the presence of 17β-estradiol and tamoxifen, were used as a model system. The cells were labeled and analyzed by reversed-phase liquid chromatography and pulsed Q dissociation ion trap tandem mass spectrometry detection. Database searching was performed by using various combinations of amino acid modification allowances, i.e, Lys/Tyr/Cys and amino terminal iTRAQ labeling, Lys methylation, acetylation and carbamylation, and Cys/Met oxidation. Other than the intended Lys/amino terminal iTRAQ labeling, such modifications occur as a result of either enzymatic or sample preparation related reactions and are typically ignored in quantitation analysis to minimize the rate of false-positive peptide identifications. The study revealed that the modifications with the greatest impact on protein identification and quantitation pertain to Lys and Tyr amino acid residues, that by enabling such modifications the number and type of identified proteins will change (by up to 10%), and that the rate of false-positive protein identifications can be maintained below an upper threshold of 5% if appropriate data filtering conditions are used. In addition, the interference of possible posttranslational modifications (i.e., phosphorylation) with iTRAQ quantitation was examined.


Partial inductances are computed herein for the via transitions between parallel planes. A hybrid method proposed for the inductance calculation correlates the definition of the partial inductance and a resonant cavity model. The hybrid method is corroborated by comparison with the partial-element equivalent-circuit and the cavity methods, as well as measurements. The portions of the plane net and via net inductances are quantified, and the contribution of each plane current to the plane net inductance is quantitatively analyzed.


Nowadays, ubiquitous computing - devices all around us - create a new reality to cope with. This artificial environment is subtle added to the real world and feed us with huge quantities of information pushing to the limits our adapting capacity. We need a high speed information processing. For the human brain the fastest solution is offered by affective neural system. Emotions have an unconscious evaluative role, but the offered solutions are not always functional. It is the moment when personal emotional state could unconsciously migrate to a dysfunctional zone. Thus, the following question arise: "How can we handle an emotional state we are not conscious of?"
In this article we propose E-PET -Emotion PErsonal Trainer, a ubiquitous system for the detection and interpretation of emotions. It is a hardware free concept since it is projected to be incorporated in different types of already existing devices such as: smart phones, intelligent goggle and / or smart watches. Information about emotional state is taken from audio channel (words and paralanguage parameters) because this approach requires no additional equipment. The system provides warnings and recommendations in order to help the person to handle its emotional reactions. Moreover, we analyze the opportunity of the above mentioned system, from the potential users' point of view. An investigative research is conducted to find out the key factors for a successful implementation of E-PET. The results encourage us to continue our research in this field and to promote a new technological view on handling [self-] emotions.


The regulation of auxin (indole-3-acetic acid, IAA) level in plants is a complex mechanism and the concept is not completely understood. There are many lines of evidence suggesting that amino acid conjugates of IAA play a vital role in auxin homeostasis, but the involved plant enzymes are still under investigation. In the present study, the alteration in the levels of auxin and its conjugates in the different physiological stages and organs, as well as its role in flower bud abscission in Pistacia vera L., were investigated. The levels of the auxin and its conjugates, such as IAA, indole butyric acid (IBA), IAA-Ala, IAA-Leu, IAA-Asp, and IAA-Glu, were analyzed by ultraperformance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (UPLC/ESI-MS/MS) technique. Among the auxin conjugates, IAA was the main conjugate and dominant indole detected in pistachio extract observed in this work. It has also been determined that quite a few organs of 'Off-year' trees have higher auxin content than 'On-year' trees. It was observed that the auxin level is low in fruit-bearing trees in both leaves and shoots. It affects fruit yield and fruit bud abscission and plays some role in the alternate bearing. Decreased levels of auxin were observed in most of the organs of 'On-year' trees during kernel development resulting in bud abscission. This study shows that auxin conjugates play an important role in IAA metabolism, particularly in flower bud abscission and fruit kernel development.


In order to increase the thermal efficiency, combustion are designed to operate at higher temperature, which requires highly efficient cooling structures for combustion walls. Impingement is an effective structure to enhance the convective heat transfer in the combustion cooling. In the present study, two array impingement cooling structures with cross-flow are presented, and the heat transfer characteristics are obtained experimentally. The heat transfer performance of the impingement cooling structures are studied by using the transient liquid crystal thermography technique for turbulent flow in rectangular channels within the Reynolds number range from 75,000 to 125,000. The impingement hole diameters of the two test pieces were 12mm and 11mm, respectively. The impingement distances-to-hole diameter ratios (z/d) were 1.25 and 2, and the dimensionless hole spacing (x/d) was 2.5 and 2.727. It is found that crossflow shifts the jet downstream, resulting in asymmetric flow, the heat transfer coefficient upstream of the jet weakens, and the shape of stagnation area transitions from circular to hoof-shaped. The cross-flow disturbance accelerates the diffusion of the jet, which makes the distribution of the Nusselt number on the target more uniform, and the overall heat transfer on the target is enhanced. With the change of cross-flow intensity, there are differences in the influence of heat transfer on target under different impact geometries.


Ab s t r Ac t Introduction: Adenomyosis is a benign gynecological condition that predominantly affects women in the late reproductive age. It is a real challenge in healthcare with prevalence ranging from 5 to 70%. It is characterized by uterine enlargement caused by ectopic rests of the endometrium within the myometrium. It is mainly associated with abnormal menstrual bleeding and severe dysmenorrhea. But now it can be done by advanced imaging modalities like transvaginal ultrasound (USG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Materials and methods: A prospective longitudinal study was conducted from November 1, 2018 to January 31, 2020 on subjects with complaints of abnormal uterine bleeding and or with dysmenorrhea in the department of obstetrics and gynecology (OBG) of a tertiary care hospital and medical institution. Various medical and surgical treatments were offered on merit depending on age group and clinical symptomatology. The subjects were followed up for a minimum period of six months thereafter. Results: It was found that out of the patients who had visual analog scale (VAS) score less than 7, 22.58% had adenomyosis with normal uterus while 12.90% had bulky uterus with adenomyosis on ultrasound. Of the patients who had VAS score more than or equal to 7, 9.68% had adenomyosis with normal uterus while 54.84% had bulky uterus with adenomyosis. MRI supplemented the ultrasound findings and was found useful in the confirmation of adenomyosis. Conclusion: The clinical diagnosis of adenomyosis has been called enigmatic largely because there are no pathognomonic symptoms of this disease. Ultrasound and MRI are found to be highly useful in supplementing the correct diagnosis of adenomyosis.


A particular control of the diameter of Single Walled-Carbon Nanotube (SWCNT) using Chemical vapor Deposition (CVD) system will enable many promising applications in different fields. Here we demonstrate the growth of SWCNT with good control of diameter (1.5 nm ± 0.7) using a high melting temperature metal (Ru) as a catalyst promotor with the main catalyst Co at 850˚C via CVD. We hypothesis that using high melting temperature metal as a promotor, like Ru can limit the mobility/change in the shape of the formed metal nanoparticles and eventually decrease the effects of Ostwald ripening (OR). FTS-GP is used as a carbon precursor. The results have been verified by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and multi-excitation Raman.


Throughout the ages, human beings prefer to keep most things secret and brand this overall state with the title of privacy. Like most significant terms, privacy tends to create controversy regarding the extent of its flexible boundaries, since various technological advancements are slowly leaching away the power people have over their own information. Even as cell phone brands release new upgrades, the ways in which information is communicated has drastically increased, in turn facilitating the techniques in which people's privacy can be tampered with. Therefore, questioning the methodology by which people can maintain their privacy in the twenty-first century is a validated action undoubtedly conducted by the multitude of the world's population. Admittedly, data is everywhere. The world has become an explosion of information, and it should not come as a surprise, especially in a time when data storage is cheap and accessible. Various institutions use this data to conduct research, track the behavior of users, recommend products or maintain national security. As a result, corporations' need for information is growing by the minute. Companies need to know as much as possible about their customers. Nonetheless, how can this be achieved without compromising the privacy of individuals? How can companies provide great features and maintain great privacy? These questions can be answered by a current, anticipated research topic in the field of data privacy: differential privacy. Differential privacy is a branch of statistics that aims to attain the widest range of data while achieving a robust, significant and mathematically accurate definition of privacy. Thus, the aim of this thesis will be describing and analyzing the concept of differential privacy and its properties that lead to the betterment of data privacy. Hence, we will try to study the basic state-of-the-art methods, the model and the challenges of differential privacy. After analyzing the state-of-the-art differential privacy methods, this thesis will focus on an actual case study that is concerned with a dataset which is experimented with one of the methods of differential privacy methods. We design a basic framework that tries to achieves differential privacy guarantee and evaluate the results in terms of privacy effectiveness.


Economic Experimental Games (EEGs), focused to analyze dilemmas associated with the use of common pool resources, have shown that individuals make extraction decisions that deviate from the suboptimal Nash equilibrium. However, few studies have analyzed whether these deviations towards the social optimum are affected as the stock of resource changes. Performing EEG with local fishermen, we test the hypothesis that the behavior of participants differs under a situation of abundance versus one of scarcity. Our findings show that under a situation of scarcity, players over-extract a given resource, and thus make decisions above the Nash equilibrium; in doing so, they obtain less profit, mine the others-regarding interest, and exacerbate the tragedy of the commons. This result challenges previous findings from the EEG literature. When individuals face abundance of a given resource, however, they deviate downward from the prediction of individualistic behavior. The phenomenon of private, inefficient overexploitation is corrected when management strategies are introduced into the game, something that underlines the importance of institutions.


KTHFS is a highly available and scalable file system built from the version 0.24 of the Hadoop Distributed File system. It provides a platform to overcome the limitations of existing distributed file systems. These limitations include scalability of metadata server in terms of memory usage, throughput and its availability.This document describes KTHFS architecture and how it addresses these problems by providing a well coordinated distributed stateless metadata server (or in our case, Namenode) architecture. This is backed with the help of a persistence layer such as NDB cluster. Its primary focus is towards High Availability of the Namenode.It achieves scalability and recovery by persisting the metadata to an NDB cluster. All namenodes are connected to this NDB cluster and hence are aware of the state of the file system at any point in time.In terms of High Availability, KTHFS provides Multi-Namenode architecture. Since these namenodes are stateless and have a consistent view of the metadata, clients can issue requests on any of the namenodes. Hence, if one of these servers goes down, clients can retry its operation on the next available namenode.We next discuss the evaluation of KTHFS in terms of its metadata capacity for medium and large size clusters, throughput and high availability of the Namenode and an analysis of the underlying NDBcluster.Finally, we conclude this document with a few words on the ongoing and future work in KTHFS.


We present a model based approach to the integration of multiple cues for tracking high degree of freedom articulated motions and model refinement. We then apply it to the problem of hand tracking using a single camera sequence. Hand tracking is particularly challenging because of occlusions, shading variations, and the high dimensionality of the motion. The novelty of our approach is in the combination of multiple sources of information, which come from edges, optical flow, and shading information in order to refine the model during tracking. We first use a previously formulated generalized version of the gradient-based optical flow constraint, that includes shading flow i.e., the variation of the shading of the object as it rotates with respect to the light source. Using this model we track its complex articulated motion in the presence of shading changes. We use a forward recursive dynamic model to track the motion in response to data derived 3D forces applied to the model. However, due to inaccurate initial shape, the generalized optical flow constraint is violated. We use the error in the generalized optical flow equation to compute generalized forces that correct the model shape at each step. The effectiveness of our approach is demonstrated with experiments on a number of different hand motions with shading changes, rotations and occlusions of significant parts of the hand.


Part 1 Ethical issues and research methods: ethics and tactics - issues arising from an educational survey, David Raffe et al ethical issues and statistical work, Pamela Sammons grey areas - ethical dilemmas in educational ethnography, Robert G. Burgess exploiting the exploited? the ethics of feminist educational research, Sheila Riddell education or indoctrination? the ethics of school based action research, Alison Kelly ethics of case study in educational research and evaluation, Helen Simons. Part 2 Ethical issues in empirical research: ethics and the law - conducting case studies of policing, David Eridges what is evaluation after the MSC?, Jon Nixon ethics and politics in the study of assessment, Harry Torrance change and adjustment in a further education college, Pauline Foster whose side are we on? ethical dilemmas in research on "race", Bruce Carrington and Barry Troyna.


The Dixie Zone Au-Ag deposit is a low sulfidation (adularia-sericite) epithermal system located 1.4 km from the producing Ken Snyder mine (7.0 M oz Au equivalent reserve/resource), Midas Mining District, north-central Nevada. This WNW striking, steep south dipping, fault system is hosted by mid-Miocene (17 Ma to 14 Ma) felsic volcanic rocks that were erupted from a vent(s) to the northeast. The system was mineralized by approximately 250 ± 20°C (n = 86), near-neutral pH, ascending fluids of predominantly meteoric origin [volatile corrected salinity = 0.52 ± 0.35 eq.wt% NaCl (n = 86)]. Bulk analytical fluid inclusion gas chromatography identified a mineralizing fluid volatile composition of 99.68 ± 0.18 mole % H 2 O, 0.16 ± 0.09 mole % CO 2 , 0.11 ± 0.05 mole percent N 2 , 0.05 ± 0.04 mole % CH 4 , and 0.01 ± 0.01 mole % C n H n+i (n = 7). Sulfur species were not analyzed due to absorption within the chromatography system; however, a H 2 S concentration of 16 ppm to 160 ppm molar is estimated. The volatile content contributes approximately 50% of the microthermometrically measured freezing point depression. Cl − concentrations up to approximately 9000 ppm suggest an additional, probably magmatic, fluid component. Ascending fluids were channelled along approximately NW striking faults related to the same primary extension (17 Ma to 14 Ma) responsible for Nevada basin and range physiography. Boiling induced by CO 2 effervescence led to precipitation of Au and Ag over a 150 m vertical interval. At the time, this interval was about 460 m below the water table (approximately 38 bars), but because of erosion, it is now within 90 m of the surface. A Ag:Au ratio of 25:1 has been calculated for the Dixie Zone.


Patchouli essential oil is an dominant product from Batang but its production has not been able to meet export needs. The main problem in the production of essential oil of patchouli is limited amount of seeds and dry season effect on the growth of patchouli. On the other hand, society units of patchouli essential oil is very dependent on the availability of raw materials  of patchouli. Searching of patchouli local varieties must  develop in order to  encourages of sustainibility of patchouli production. The purpose of this activity is search and propagate patchouli plant from local varieties that can survive in different seasons of the year according to the climatic conditions of Batang. The study was conducted with the search and propagation of patchouli plant varieties used by farmers in Batang which is Sidikalang varieties and local varieties originating from Batang region and the surrounding area. Furthermore, the vegetative propagation using cuttings will be use followed by its growth observation during dry and rainy season. Results showed that the activities of patchouli plant local varieties of Bandungan, Kendal and Batang showed the best growth in the dry season. Key words: p atchouli, vegetatif growth, essential oil .


Aims: In this study, the effectiveness of chitosan as a coagulant aid in the removal of turbidity from surface water was investigated. Materials and Methods: A conventional jar test apparatus was used to evaluate the coagulation process. Coagulation of turbidity in river water using chitosan as coagulant aid and ferric chloride as coagulant was studied in the pH range 4-9 and initial turbidity concentrations in the range of 20-200 mg/l. Results: The findings showed that the optimum pH for FeCl 3 as a coagulant on turbidity removal was seven. About 95% removal of turbidity is achieved at this pH, without filtration and the residual turbidity drops below 5 NTU. The optimum dosage of FeCl 3 was achieved 10 mg/l. The optimal chitosan concentration required to effect coagulation is 0.5 mg/l. Restabilization of the turbidity is observed at higher concentrations of chitosan. When chitosan (0.5 mg/l) used as a coagulant aid, efficiency removal turbidity was increased and optimal dosage of FeCl 3 turbidity removal was reduced to 50% of initial dosage of FeCl 3 . Conclusion: Chitosan as natural coagulant aid improved turbidity removal efficiency by coagulation process. And FeCl 3 concentration as coagulant was reduced then residual iron decreased in treated water. Also by using natural coagulant considerable savings in chemicals and sludge handling cost may be achieved.


After a decade of theoretical approaches, laboratory setups and prototypes it was end of the eighties that the first 3D scanning systems, based on imaging triangulation, were installed for industrial applications, mainly for surface inspection, comparative measurements or deformation analysis. It took another decade to establish 3D scanning in cultural heritage. Nowadays, high definition 3D scanning is state of the art in archaeology and palaeontology, for a wide range of items, from small artefacts like coins, teeth and bones, fragments and scripts up to large figures, statues and small buildings.

The paper will start with a short overview on the history of 3D scanning technologies and will discuss in more detail the state of the art of 3D scanners, incl. its current limitations and restrictions. It also will point out the importance of verification and acceptance tests for the data quality of high definition 3D scanners, not only for industrial metrologies but also for most of the applications in arts and cultural heritage. After presenting some extraordinary and challenging projects it will close with an outlook on upcoming and/or expected future developments.


and treatment of antenatal depression: systematic review with meta-analysis. BJOG 2014;122:57–62. 3 Morris RK, Meller CH, Tamblyn J, Malin GM, Riley RD, Kilby MD, et al. Association and prediction of amniotic fluid measurements for adverse pregnancy outcome: systematic review and meta-analysis. BJOG 2014;121:686–99. 4 Wood S, Cooper S, Ross S. Does induction of labour increase the risk of caesarean section? A systematic review and meta-analysis of trials in women with intact membranes. BJOG 2014;121:674–85.